absolutism

en-noun

absolutism (countable and uncountable, plural absolutisms)

First attested in 1753 (in the theological sense); attested in 1830 in the political sense. From absolute + -ism, based after French absolutisme.

The element of absolutism and prelacy was more controlling in the counsels of the rival corporation.

1859, John Gorham Palfrey, chapter IV, in History of New England, volume I, page 217:

As absolutism became more consolidated in Europe, and particularly in France, such nonabsolutist states tended to define themselves in opposition to their absolutist rivals: hence, those features of their government which differed from absolutism tended to be given special prominence.

2019, John Gascoigne, Science and the State, page 54:

(political science, sociology) The principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; Synonym of despotism.

աբսոլյուտիզմ

political science: absolute or arbitrary government; despotism


absolutist

Likely borrowed from Spanish absolutista, because the word was initially used for Spanish absolutists during the Ominous Decade. Equivalent to absoluut + -ist.

(politics, historical, political science) absolutist (adherent of the absolute sovereignty of rulers)


absolutist

absolutisten (definite singular)
absolutister (indefinite plural)
absolutistene (definite plural)

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «absolutist».ogg

absolutt + -ist, first part from Latin absolūtus (“concluded, absolute”), perfect passive participle of absolvō (“complete, finish”), from both ab- (“from, off, away from”), from Latin ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + and from solvō (“release, loosen, dissolve, take apart”), from both sē- (“apart-, aside-, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *s(w)ēd, the ablative singular of *s(w)é (“self”) + and from luō (“I untie, set free, separate”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”). Last part from French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).

der

absolutisternes rædselsgjerninger og forfølgelser mod de liberale [i Spania]

1853, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter III, page 43:

the atrocities of the absolutists and the persecution of the liberals [in Spain]

konferansen blir avbrutt av … primitivistiske studenter og religiøse absolutister

the conference is interrupted by… primitivist students and religious absolutists

(politics, political science) an absolutist (one who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government)


acephalous

en-adj

acephalous (comparative more acephalous, superlative most acephalous)

more acephalous (comparative)
most acephalous (superlative)

From French acéphale, from Ancient Greek ἀκέφαλος (aképhalos, “headless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”). By surface analysis, a- + -cephalous.

der

an acephalous society / community

[…] an Oecumenical Council is a whole, and a Body whereof the Pope, or he that presides in it in his place, is the Head[.] For there is no Acephalous Council, as M. Schelstrate speaks, that is to say, without a Head, calling that of Constance so in the Absence of the Pope.

1685, Louis Maimbourg, chapter 25, in Archibald Lovell, transl., An Historical Treatise of the Foundation and Prerogatives of the Church of Rome and of Her Bishops, London: Jos. Hindmarsh, pages 318–319:

A very brief acephalous interim followed the death of the dark Dictator.

1870, Richard Francis Burton, Letters from the Battle-Fields of Paraguay, London: Tinsley Brothers, Introductory Essay, p. 54:

(social sciences, political science, sociology) A system of society without centralised state authority, where power is welded amongst groups of community entities e.g. clans. Without a leader or chief.


primary

/ˈpɹaɪˌmɛɹi/

Borrowed from Latin prīmārius (“of the first (rank); chief, principal; excellent”), from prīmus (first; whence the English adjective prime) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary); compare the French primaire, primer, and premier. Doublet of premier.

bor

(political science) A primary election; a preliminary election to select a political candidate of a political party.


direct

en-adj

direct (comparative more direct, superlative most direct)

more direct (comparative)
most direct (superlative)

/daɪ̯əˈɹɛkt/

Borrowed from Latin dīrectus, perfect passive participle of dīrigō (“straighten, direct”), from dis- (“asunder, in pieces, apart, in two”) + regō (“make straight, rule”). Compare dress. Doublet of derecho.
For the meaning development compare with Russian напра́вить (naprávitʹ, “to direct, to turn, to aim, to level, to point”), отпра́вить (otprávitʹ, “to send, to dispatch, to forward”) connected with пра́вить (právitʹ, “to govern, to rule, to drive, to steer”).

m+

direct nomination; direct legislation

(political science) Pertaining to, or effected immediately by, action of the people through their votes instead of through one or more representatives or delegates.


leviathan

From Middle English levyethan, levyathan, etc., from Late Latin leviathan, a transliteration of Biblical Hebrew לִוְיָתָן (liv'yatán).

The fact is that [Thomas] Hobbes is interested in neither, but concerned exclusively with the political structure itself, and he depicts the features of man according to the needs of the Leviathan.

1951, Hannah Arendt, “The Political Emancipation of the Bourgeoisie”, in The Origins of Totalitarianism (A Harvest/HBJ Book), new edition, San Diego, Calif., New York, N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, published 1973, →ISBN, part 2 (Imperialism), page 140:

(political science, sometimes capitalized) The political state, especially a domineering and totalitarian one as theorized by Thomas Hobbes.


kakistocracy

From Ancient Greek κάκιστος (kákistos, “worst”), superlative of κακός (kakós, “bad”) + -κρατία (-kratía, “power, rule, government”). The word was used, perhaps re-coined, by the English author Thomas Love Peacock (1785–1866) in his 1829 novella The Misfortunes of Elphin as the opposite of aristocracy (see the quotation).

affix

Therefore we need not make any scruple of praying against […] those restlesse spirits who can no longer live, then be stickling and medling; who are stung with a perpetuall itch of changing and innovating, transforming our old Hierarchy into a new Presbytery, and this againe into a newer Independency; and our well-temperd Monarchy into a mad kinde of Kakistocracy.

1644, Paul Gosnold, A sermon preached at the publique fast the ninth day of Aug. 1644 at St. Maries, Oxford, Early English Books Online:

The people lived in darkness and vassalage. […] they were utterly destitute of the blessing of those "schools for all," the house of correction, and the treadmill, wherein the autochthonal justice of our agrestic kakistocracy now castigates the heinous sins which were then committed with impunity, […]

1829, [Thomas Love Peacock], “The Education of Taliesin”, in The Misfortunes of Elphin, London: Published by Thomas Hookham, Old Bond Street, →OCLC, pages 92–93:

Is ours a "government of the people, by the people, for the people," or a Kakistocracy rather, for the benefit of knaves at the cost of fools?

1876 January 19, James Russell Lowell, “To Joel Benton”, in Charles Eliot Norton, editor, Letters of James Russell Lowell, volume II, part I, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, publishers, published 1894, →OCLC, page 159:

Thus, the problem was not whether corruption/power abuse was allowed, but how to keep a balance between uprightness and kakistocracy.

1999, Gang Deng, “Trinary Structure: Origin, Tension and Equilibrium”, in The Premodern Chinese Economy: Structural Equilibrium and Capitalist Sterility (Routledge Explorations in Economic History), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 159:

Some nation-states have suffered what the Greeks called kakistocracy—government by the worst of men. International law can, in theory if not always in practice, keep these kakistocracies from damaging too much.

2000, Tom H. Hastings, Ecology of War & Peace: Counting the Cost of Conflict, Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, →ISBN, page 101:

As we step into this world—as we enter the age of kakistocracy—we should remember one thing. This isn’t a departure from [Donald] Trump's populism. It's the foundation of it. This is what Trump campaigned on.

2016 November 18, Jamelle Bouie, “Government by the worst men”, in Slate, archived from the original on 2017-01-23:

(political science) Government under the control of a nation's worst or least-qualified citizens.

The Misfortunes of Elphin
Thomas Love Peacock


empiricism

en-noun

empiricism (countable and uncountable, plural empiricisms)

ἐμπειρῐκή

practice of medicine founded on experience only

(social sciences, political science, sociology) used to describe research based on methodology shaped from empirical philosophy (see above), e.g. surveys, statistics, etc.


social engineering

Madness, from this point of view, is not finally a medical phenomenon at all, but a phenomenon of social engineering, manipulation, and coercion, and of the politically motivated labeling of deviant behavior.

1995, Daniel Berthold-Bond, Hegel's Theory of Madness, →ISBN, page 179:

From one perspective, much of what goes on in every society's day-to-day operations qualifies as social engineering. One can view child rearing, schooling, military indoctrination and any other means of mobilizing bias as social engineering without doing violence to the concept.

1996, Adam Podgórecki, Jon Alexander, Rob Shields, Social Engineering, →ISBN, page 9:

China's Golden Shield has long been a byword for internet censorship. Although easily circumvented, its main purpose is to encourage citizens' self-censorship, a large-scale social engineering project of some success.

2010 January 13, Tim Stevens, “China's cyberwar goes beyond Google”, in The Guardian:

There are certain types of social engineering that represent possible dangers. For example, you may not be aware that your ideas are being intentionally manipulated and, on another level, the manipulation itself could be dangerous.

2013, Brian Taylor, No More Suffering Fools, →ISBN, page 175:

(political science) Efforts to influence attitudes and social behaviors on a large scale, in order to produce desired characteristics in a target population.

sociální inženýrství

efforts to influence attitudes and social behaviors on a large scale


Balkanization

Balkanization (countable and uncountable, plural Balkanizations)

From Balkan + -ization. The term is a reference to the conflicts that the Balkan peninsula experienced in the 20th century.

(historical, chiefly political science) The fragmentation of a geopolitical region into several small states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other.

بَلْقَنَة

fragmentation of a region into several small states


polity

polity (countable and uncountable, plural polities)

From Middle French politie, from Latin polītīa, from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía, “polity, policy, the state”). Doublet of policy and police.

der

New polities emerged in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire.

(political science, countable) A politically organized unit, especially a state.


rollback

en-noun

rollback (countable and uncountable, plural rollbacks)

The noun is a deverbal from roll back. The verb is a back-formation from the noun despite being redundant to roll back.

During the 1990s the Pope, who played such a central role in the rollback of communism, was one of the few international figures who could be heard speaking out against the new capitalist order.

2004 December 16, Seumas Milne, “The struggle is no longer against religion, but within it”, in The Guardian:

Politically, Brzezinski was a centrist, or conservative, Democrat. He criticised both the Eisenhower administration’s “rollback” policy towards communism in Europe, and the Nixon-Kissinger detente.

2017 May 28, Godfrey Hodgson, “Zbigniew Brzezinski obituary”, in The Guardian:

(political science) The strategy of forcing a change in the major policies of a state, usually by replacing its ruling regime, or by totally annihilating an enemy's armed forces and occupying the country, as was done in World War II to Italy, Germany, and Japan.


establishment

(political science) (the) establishment (the dominant forces in society, especially when devoted to preserving the status quo)


demos

From Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “ordinary citizens, common people from a district, in a city-state”).

uder

When the demos took charge, law and order inevitably collapsed, or so they concluded.

2007, Tim Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory, Penguin, published 2008, page 323:

(political science, singular or plural) The ordinary citizens of an ancient Greek city-state; hence, the common populace of a state or district (especially a democratic one); the people.


absolutismo

eo-head

absolutismo (uncountable, accusative absolutismon)

(political science) absolutism (a system of government by absolute authority)


absolutismo

From French absolutisme. By surface analysis, absoluto + -ismo.

(political science) absolutism (absolute or arbitrary government)


biokinesis

(political science) A political theory concerning the movement of populations as a basis for power.


participatory democracy

en-noun

participatory democracy (countable and uncountable, plural participatory democracies)

(political science) A form of government in which citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies affecting their lives, rather than through elected representatives.


divine right

(Christianity, political science, philosophy) The Christian doctrine that monarchs have a God-given right to rule, that they are answerable only to God, and that rebellion is sinful.


absoluut

nl-adj

absoluut (comparative absoluter, superlative absoluutst)

absoluter (comparative)
absoluutst (superlative)
absoluut (adverbial positive predicative)
absoluter (adverbial comparative predicative)
het absoluutst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het absoluutste (adverbial predicative superlative)
absolute (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
absolutere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
absoluutste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
absoluut (indefinite neuter positive singular)
absoluter (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
absoluutste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
absolute (indefinite plural positive)
absolutere (comparative indefinite plural)
absoluutste (indefinite plural superlative)
absolute (definite positive)
absolutere (comparative definite)
absoluutste (definite superlative)
absoluuts (partitive positive)
absoluters (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: absoluut

Negerhollands: absolůt, absolyt

→ Indonesian: absolut

→ Sranan Tongo: apsrutu

(politics, historical, political science) absolute, absolutist, absolutistic (pertaining to the absolute sovereignty of rulers)


non-intervention

en-noun

non-intervention (countable and uncountable, plural non-interventions)

(political science) The policy of a state of not intervening in the domestic affairs of another.


shadow government

shadow government (plural shadow governments)

The origin of such terms (e.g., shadow government, shadow cabinet, shadow minister, shadow portfolio) lies in the figurative metaphor of a shadow (shade) following its source object closely and in well-defined parallel. But conspiracy theorists have longed seized upon the way it sounds nefarious, as if it were meant to connote dark and sinister forces. This interpretation is also encouraged by disinformation purveyors seeking to sow societal disruption.

Meronyms: shadow cabinet, shadow minister

Cuba's two most important exile groups, after months of quarreling, met last week to form a shadow government dedicated to the liberation of their homeland.

1961 March 31, “Getting Ready”, in Time Magazine, page 24:

(political science) A government that is prepared to take control in response to certain events, especially one made up of the leadership of the largest opposition party in parliament which would assume control should the ruling party be displaced in elections.

skaduregering

government-in-waiting that is prepared to take control

conspiracy theorized
conspiracy theorized

(political science) A (real or conspiracy theorized) body of private individuals who exercise actual power behind the scenes instead of a country's or organization's public figures.


panarchy

panarchy (countable and uncountable, plural panarchies)

From pan- + -archy. Coined independently in many different contexts.

The overlapping governance networks of panarchy have facilitated a context conducive to the above competing multilateralisms.

2006, W.A. Knight, “Plurilateral Multilateralism: Canada's Emerging International Policy?”, in Andrew F. Cooper, Dane Rowlands, editors, Canada Among Nations, →ISBN, page 100:

(political science) An inclusive, multilateral system in which all parties may participate meaningfully.


nation-building

Although uniquely favored by relatively viable political institutions, India yet shares this uncertainty with a large number of countries for which independence is but a first step on the road to nation-building.

1977, Reinhard Bendix, Nation-building and Citizenship: Studies of Our Changing Social Order, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 357:

The mythologizing, carried out over many decades, granted Italian-Americans “a formative role in the nation-building narrative.”

2019 October 12, Brent Staples, quoting Danielle Battisti, “How Italians Became ‘White’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(political science) Unifying the people or peoples within a state so that it remains politically stable and viable in the long run.


absolutistisk

head

absolutistisk (neuter singular absolutistisk, definite singular and plural absolutistiske, comparative mer absolutistisk, superlative mest absolutistisk)

absolutistisk (neuter singular)
absolutistiske (definite plural singular)
mer absolutistisk (comparative)
mest absolutistisk (superlative)

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «absolutistisk».ogg

absolutisme or absolutist + -isk, first part from French absolutisme (“absolutism”), from Middle French absolut, from Latin absolūtus (“concluded, absolute”), perfect passive participle of absolvō (“complete, finish”), from both ab- (“from, off, away from”), from Latin ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + and from solvō (“release, loosen, dissolve, take apart”), from both sē- (“apart-, aside-, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *s(w)ēd, the ablative singular of *s(w)é (“self”) + and from luō (“I untie, set free, separate”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”). Last part from Old Norse -iskr, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

der

absolutistiske ministerielle tendentser

1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter I, page 227:

[Ludvig drømte om] et fjerntliggende land, der kunde bortbyttes mod Bayern, og hvor den absolutistiske stat kunde oprettes

1906, Clara Tschudi, Ludwig den andens sidste dage, page 100:

[Louis dreamed of] a remote country that could be exchanged for Bavaria, and where the absolutist state could be established

[Johannes Pauls] utrettelige reisevirksomhet … burde egentlig beskytte ham fra beskyldningen om at han fra pavestolen driver en kortsiktig absolutistisk politikk

[John Paul's] tireless travel business… should really protect him from the accusation that he is pursuing a short-term absolutist policy from the papacy

Brandes [beskrev] Ibsens politiske holdning: I politisk Henseende er han meget conservativ, eller rettere absolutistisk

2006, Helge Rønning, Den umulige friheten, page 39:

Brandes [described] Ibsen's political stance: In political terms he is very conservative, or rather absolutist

(politics, political science) absolutistic or absolutist (of or pertaining to absolutism or absolutists)


absolutisme

→ Indonesian: absolutisme

Borrowed from French absolutisme. Equivalent to absoluut + -isme.

(politics, historical, political science) absolutism (state or ideology in which the ruler is absolutely sovereign)


absolutisme

id-noun

absolutismê (first-person possessive absolutismeku, second-person possessive absolutismemu, third-person possessive absolutismenya)

absolutismê (canonical)
absolutismeku (first-person possessive)
absolutismemu (possessive second-person)
absolutismenya (possessive third-person)

Affixed absolut + -isme, from Dutch absolutisme, from French absolutisme.

(politics, political science) the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government.


absolutisme

ms-noun

absolutisme (Jawi spelling ابسولوتيسمى, plural absolutisme-absolutisme, informal 1st possessive absolutismeku, 2nd possessive absolutismemu, 3rd possessive absolutismenya)

ابسولوتيسمى (Jawi)
absolutisme-absolutisme (plural)
absolutismeku (first-person informal possessive)
absolutismemu (possessive second-person)
absolutismenya (possessive third-person)

(political science, sociology) absolutism.


absolutisme

absolutismen (definite singular)
absolutismer (indefinite plural)
absolutismene (definite plural)

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «absolutisme».ogg

absolutt + -isme, from French absolutisme (“absolutism”), from Middle French absolut, from Latin absolūtus (“concluded, absolute”), perfect passive participle of absolvō (“complete, finish”), from both ab- (“from, off, away from”), from Latin ab (“from, away from, on, in”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + and from solvō (“release, loosen, dissolve, take apart”), from both sē- (“apart-, aside-, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *s(w)ēd, the ablative singular of *s(w)é (“self”) + and from luō (“I untie, set free, separate”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”). Last part from French -isme (“-ism”), from Latin -isma, -ismus (“-ism”), from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós, forms abstract nouns), from -μός (-mós, forms abstract nouns), from Proto-Indo-European *-mos or *-mós (creates nouns).

der

en gjærende mistru til kongen og absolutismen

1959, Johan Falkberget, Kjærlighets veier, page 234:

a fermenting distrust of the king and absolutism

preg av absolutisme … arvet fra den lange rad av orientalske eller halvveis orientalske selvherskere

1964, Lorentz Eckhoff, En verden, page 69:

traits of absolutism… inherited from the long line of oriental or semi-oriental self-rulers

den franske hagen var en programerklæring for absolutismen. Den ville kontrollere hver minste kvist og gren

1997, Trond Berg Eriksen, Egne veier, page 192:

the French Garden was a manifesto of absolutism. It would control every twig and branch

på grunn av deres absolutisme anses [IS beklageligvis] som et uttrykk for den vaskeekte islam

because of their absolutism, [IS unfortunately] is considered an expression of the true Islam

(politics, political science) absolutism (the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government)


absolutyzm

absolutyzm (nominative singular)
absolutyzmu (genitive singular)
absolutyzmowi (dative singular)
absolutyzm (accusative singular)
absolutyzmem (instrumental singular)
absolutyzmie (locative singular)
absolutyzmie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French absolutisme, from Latin absolūtus. By surface analysis, absolut + -yzm. First attested in 1760.

ref

Krystyna Siekierska (29.01.2015) “ABSOLUTYZM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(political science, sociology) absolutism (despotism; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; )


term limit

Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution

Attorney Gordon cites no authority for his interpretation of the Twenty-Second Amendment, which is contrary to the Amendment's plain meaning. Application of the term limit turns on whether an individual has actually been elected President twice, not on beliefs or assertions about that fact. Cf. Nader v. Butz, 398 F. Supp. 390, 397 (D.D.C. 1975) ("Having been elected to [the presidency] twice, [Richard Nixon] is precluded from serving again.") That Mr. Trump has falsely asserted that he won the 2020 election is no more disqualifiying than it would be for him to proclaim that he is not a United States citizen. In other words, political grandstanding does not trigger the bar of the Twenty-Second Amendment.

2023 December 28, Shenna Bellows, “Ruling of the Secretary of State”, in State of Maine Secretary of State, archived from the original on 2023-12-29, page 15:

(politics, political science) The maximum number of terms that a person may legally serve in a particular elected office.


neorealism

en-noun

neorealism (usually uncountable, plural neorealisms)

international relations
international relations

(political science) A theory of international relations based on the idea that power is the most important factor.


biopower

From bio- + power, calque of French biopouvoir, coined by Michel Foucault.

The third type of power, biopower, emerges from the eighteenth century onward, and is directed toward populations rather than individual bodies.

2015, Joe Painter, “Power”, in John Agnew, Virginie Mamadouh, Anna J. Secor, Joanne Sharp, editors, The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Political Geography, Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 147:

(political science) The sum of the various techniques used by modern nation-states to control not individual subjects but their entire populations, as contrasted with traditional modes of power based on the threat of death from a sovereign.


absolutis

Affixed absolut + -is, borrowed from Dutch absolutistisch.

(politics, historical, political science) absolutist, absolutistic, absolute (pertaining to the absolute sovereignty of rulers)


absolutis

id-noun

absolutis (plural absolutis-absolutis, first-person possessive absolutisku, second-person possessive absolutismu, third-person possessive absolutisnya)

absolutis-absolutis (plural)
absolutisku (first-person possessive)
absolutismu (possessive second-person)
absolutisnya (possessive third-person)

Affixed absolut + -is, borrowed from Dutch absolutist.

(politics, historical, political science) absolutist (adherent of the absolute sovereignty of rulers)


necrocracy

From necro- (“dead”) + -cracy (“power, rule”).

confix

What we call democracy, therefore, is to a considerable extent necrocracy, or a form of government by the graveyards. Old precepts and phrases are handed down from one generation to another; they become part of a nation's heritage […]

1928, William Bennett Munro, The Invisible Government: The Jacob H. Schiff Foundation Lectures Delivered at Cornell University, 1926, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan Co., →OCLC, page 2:

Other activities became increasingly pressing, the Fellowship was flourishing and had plenty of younger members ready and able to take over from their elders; and I have seen too many cases of vigorous organisations gradually turning into gerontocracies and finally into necrocracies to wish ever to hold on to power myself.

1992, E[ric] L[ionel] Mascall, “Extra-Curricular Activities (1937–1962)”, in Saraband: The Memoirs of E. L. Mascall, Leominster, Herefordshire: Gracewing, Fowler Wright Books, →ISBN, page 190:

Further, even if one hundred per cent of the governed in 1789 fully supported the Constitution, the constitutional rule by the dead—one might call it necrocracy—is not democracy. Democracy requires self-government, which cannot be the dead ruling the living. Though legislators now dead passed many statutes now in force, a mere majority in the current Congress can repeal statutes but cannot amend the Constitution.

1996, Sterling Harwood, Judicial Activism: A Restrained Defense, San Francisco, Calif.: Austin & Winfield, →ISBN, page 21:

Iran might still become a democracy, but it would also be a necrocracy: government of, by and for the dead.

2005, Robert Fisk, The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East, London: Fourth Estate, →ISBN:

(political science) A form of government imposed by those who have since died.


consent of the governed

(government, political science, philosophy) A political theory in which a government or set of governments could only be deemed legitimate if it is supported by the people under which it exercises its political influence.


neuharmestey

head

neuharmestey m (genitive singular neuharmestey, no plural)


brīvība

brīvība (nominative singular)
brīvības (nominative plural)
brīvību (accusative singular)
brīvības (accusative plural)
brīvības (genitive singular)
brīvību (genitive plural)
brīvībai (dative singular)
brīvībām (dative plural)
brīvību (instrumental singular)
brīvībām (instrumental plural)
brīvībā (locative singular)
brīvībās (locative plural)
brīvība (singular vocative)
brīvības (plural vocative)

From brīvs (“free”) + -ība. First attested in the late 18th, early 19th century with the meaning (legally, juridically given) “permission,” “privilege.”

personas brīvība

demokrātiskās brīvības

vārda, preses, sirdsapziņas brīvība

freedom of speech, of press, of conscience

sapulču brīvība

koloniālo tautu brīvības cīņas

(political science, politics) freedom, liberty (situation in which there is no political, social, economical, juridical) subordination, dependence)


transitology

en-noun

transitology (usually uncountable, plural transitologies)

(political science) The study of the process of change from one political regime to another.


subjecthood

Subjecthood emphasizes obedience. Citizenship, on the other hand, recognizes moral obligations to other members of the community and emphasizes responsiveness and participation.

1998, Christopher Vincenzi, “From Subjecthood to Citizenship”, in Crown Powers, Subjects and Citizens, →ISBN, page 301:

But that should not be confused or conflated with citizenship, for, according to Jebb, "citizenship includes subjecthood, but subjecthood does not include citizenship."

2010, Sukanya Banerjee, “Introduction”, in Becoming Imperial Citizens: Indians in the Late-Victorian Empire, →ISBN, page 25:

(political science) The condition or state of a person being a subject of a nation or a monarch.


iron triangle

Over the years the defense industry has become a de facto participant in the policy-making process. As in other areas dominated by powerful corporate interests, a policy sub-government or “iron triangle” has emerged. […] The creation of an “iron triangle” takes time and active efforts of its participants. All three sides work to maintain it as economic circumstances change.

1981, Gordon Adams, The Iron Triangle: The Politics of Defense Contracting, New York: The Council on Economic Priorities, →ISBN, pages 24–25:

They see the raids as evidence that the “iron triangle” of bureaucrats, politicians and businessmen that in 50 years has turned Japan into the world's second-largest economy has broken down when there is nothing to replace it.

1996 December 7, Velisarios Kattoulas, International Herald Tribune, “Corruption Scandals Rack Tokyo's ‘Iron Triangle’”, in International Herald Tribune, →ISSN:

(US politics, political science) The policy-making relationship among the congressional committees, the bureaucracy (executive, sometimes called “government agencies”), and interest groups or lobbyists.


balcanização

(political science) Balkanization (fragmentation of a region into several small states)


horseshoe theory

Referring to the curved shape of a horseshoe, whose two ends come close to meeting.

There is some evidence, contradictory as it is, that if the PDS [Party of Democratic Socialism] did not exist, then the consequence would be a strengthening of the DVU [German People's Union], the NPD [National Democratic Party of Germany] and the Republikaner […] This does not mean, however, that I subscribe to the ever-present but increasingly orthodox horseshoe theory of political analysis […]

2000, Peter Thompson, “The PDS: Marx's Baby or Stalin's Bathwater?”, in Peter Barker, editor, The GDR and its History: Rückblick und Revision (German Monitor; 49), Rodopi, →ISBN, page 103:

Some political scientists have suggested a “horseshoe theory,” with the center as the rounded top of a horseshoe and the two fringes on either end, but inclined toward one another. This image, while evocative, isn’t quite right. In the archive, it looks more like a circle.

2022 December 14, Kathleen Belew, “The Crunchy-to-Alt-Right Pipeline”, in The Atlantic:

(political science) The theory that the far left and the far right, rather than being at opposite ends of a political continuum, in fact closely resemble one another.


kratocracy

From Ancient Greek κρᾰ́τος (krátos, “strength, might”) + -cracy.

uder

[…] as the cover for plutocracy is replaced by timocracy and by the one-man kratocracy which we call dictatorship.

1950, Wm. Pepperell Montague, Great Visions of Philosophy: Varieties of Speculative Thought in the West from the Greeks to Bergson, page 109:

To many outside observers, Turkey is a unique country that seems perpetually balancing on a steep precipice between kratocracy and democracy, between Islam and capitalism, or even more melodramatically, between East and West.

2012, Cory Blad, Banu Koçer, Political Islam and State Legitimacy in Turkey: The Role of National Culture in Neoliberal State-Building in International Political Sociology, volume 6, page 36

For, without its feeling of compassion, a kratocracy, […]

In Praise of a Roman-American Rhapsody in 2013 (originally 1997), Francis Boni, A Life Song Between Two Worlds: Revised and Expanded, iUniverse LLC, page 37

(political science) A government established by the forceful or cunning seizure of power and maintained by strength.


vallan ositus

vallan ositus (nominative singular)
vallan ositukset (nominative plural)
vallan ositus (accusative nominative singular)
vallan ositukset (accusative nominative plural)
vallan osituksen (accusative genitive singular)
vallan ositukset (accusative genitive plural)
vallan osituksen (genitive singular)
vallan ositusten (genitive plural)
vallan osituksien (genitive plural)
vallan ositusta (partitive singular)
vallan osituksia (partitive plural)
vallan osituksessa (inessive singular)
vallan osituksissa (inessive plural)
vallan osituksesta (elative singular)
vallan osituksista (elative plural)
vallan ositukseen (illative singular)
vallan osituksiin (illative plural)
vallan osituksella (adessive singular)
vallan osituksilla (adessive plural)
vallan ositukselta (ablative singular)
vallan osituksilta (ablative plural)
vallan ositukselle (allative singular)
vallan osituksille (allative plural)
vallan osituksena (essive singular)
vallan osituksina (essive plural)
vallan ositukseksi (singular translative)
vallan osituksiksi (plural translative)
vallan osituksetta (abessive singular)
vallan osituksitta (abessive plural)
vallan osituksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
vallan ositukseni (nominative singular)
vallan ositukseni (nominative plural)
vallan ositukseni (accusative nominative singular)
vallan ositukseni (accusative nominative plural)
vallan ositukseni (accusative genitive singular)
vallan ositukseni (accusative genitive plural)
vallan ositukseni (genitive singular)
vallan ositusteni (genitive plural)
vallan osituksieni (genitive plural)
vallan ositustani (partitive singular)
vallan osituksiani (partitive plural)
vallan osituksessani (inessive singular)
vallan osituksissani (inessive plural)
vallan osituksestani (elative singular)
vallan osituksistani (elative plural)
vallan ositukseeni (illative singular)
vallan osituksiini (illative plural)
vallan osituksellani (adessive singular)
vallan osituksillani (adessive plural)
vallan ositukseltani (ablative singular)
vallan osituksiltani (ablative plural)
vallan ositukselleni (allative singular)
vallan osituksilleni (allative plural)
vallan osituksenani (essive singular)
vallan osituksinani (essive plural)
vallan osituksekseni (singular translative)
vallan osituksikseni (plural translative)
vallan osituksettani (abessive singular)
vallan osituksittani (abessive plural)
vallan osituksineni (comitative plural)
vallan osituksesi (nominative singular)
vallan osituksesi (nominative plural)
vallan osituksesi (accusative nominative singular)
vallan osituksesi (accusative nominative plural)
vallan osituksesi (accusative genitive singular)
vallan osituksesi (accusative genitive plural)
vallan osituksesi (genitive singular)
vallan ositustesi (genitive plural)
vallan osituksiesi (genitive plural)
vallan ositustasi (partitive singular)
vallan osituksiasi (partitive plural)
vallan osituksessasi (inessive singular)
vallan osituksissasi (inessive plural)
vallan osituksestasi (elative singular)
vallan osituksistasi (elative plural)
vallan ositukseesi (illative singular)
vallan osituksiisi (illative plural)
vallan osituksellasi (adessive singular)
vallan osituksillasi (adessive plural)
vallan ositukseltasi (ablative singular)
vallan osituksiltasi (ablative plural)
vallan osituksellesi (allative singular)
vallan osituksillesi (allative plural)
vallan osituksenasi (essive singular)
vallan osituksinasi (essive plural)
vallan ositukseksesi (singular translative)
vallan osituksiksesi (plural translative)
vallan osituksettasi (abessive singular)
vallan osituksittasi (abessive plural)
vallan osituksinesi (comitative plural)
vallan osituksemme (nominative singular)
vallan osituksemme (nominative plural)
vallan osituksemme (accusative nominative singular)
vallan osituksemme (accusative nominative plural)
vallan osituksemme (accusative genitive singular)
vallan osituksemme (accusative genitive plural)
vallan osituksemme (genitive singular)
vallan ositustemme (genitive plural)
vallan osituksiemme (genitive plural)
vallan ositustamme (partitive singular)
vallan osituksiamme (partitive plural)
vallan osituksessamme (inessive singular)
vallan osituksissamme (inessive plural)
vallan osituksestamme (elative singular)
vallan osituksistamme (elative plural)
vallan ositukseemme (illative singular)
vallan osituksiimme (illative plural)
vallan osituksellamme (adessive singular)
vallan osituksillamme (adessive plural)
vallan ositukseltamme (ablative singular)
vallan osituksiltamme (ablative plural)
vallan osituksellemme (allative singular)
vallan osituksillemme (allative plural)
vallan osituksenamme (essive singular)
vallan osituksinamme (essive plural)
vallan ositukseksemme (singular translative)
vallan osituksiksemme (plural translative)
vallan osituksettamme (abessive singular)
vallan osituksittamme (abessive plural)
vallan osituksinemme (comitative plural)
vallan osituksenne (nominative singular)
vallan osituksenne (nominative plural)
vallan osituksenne (accusative nominative singular)
vallan osituksenne (accusative nominative plural)
vallan osituksenne (accusative genitive singular)
vallan osituksenne (accusative genitive plural)
vallan osituksenne (genitive singular)
vallan ositustenne (genitive plural)
vallan osituksienne (genitive plural)
vallan ositustanne (partitive singular)
vallan osituksianne (partitive plural)
vallan osituksessanne (inessive singular)
vallan osituksissanne (inessive plural)
vallan osituksestanne (elative singular)
vallan osituksistanne (elative plural)
vallan ositukseenne (illative singular)
vallan osituksiinne (illative plural)
vallan osituksellanne (adessive singular)
vallan osituksillanne (adessive plural)
vallan ositukseltanne (ablative singular)
vallan osituksiltanne (ablative plural)
vallan osituksellenne (allative singular)
vallan osituksillenne (allative plural)
vallan osituksenanne (essive singular)
vallan osituksinanne (essive plural)
vallan ositukseksenne (singular translative)
vallan osituksiksenne (plural translative)
vallan osituksettanne (abessive singular)
vallan osituksittanne (abessive plural)
vallan osituksinenne (comitative plural)
vallan osituksensa (nominative singular)
vallan osituksensa (nominative plural)
vallan osituksensa (accusative nominative singular)
vallan osituksensa (accusative nominative plural)
vallan osituksensa (accusative genitive singular)
vallan osituksensa (accusative genitive plural)
vallan osituksensa (genitive singular)
vallan ositustensa (genitive plural)
vallan osituksiensa (genitive plural)
vallan ositustaan (partitive singular)
vallan ositustansa (partitive singular)
vallan osituksiaan (partitive plural)
vallan osituksiansa (partitive plural)
vallan osituksessaan (inessive singular)
vallan osituksessansa (inessive singular)
vallan osituksissaan (inessive plural)
vallan osituksissansa (inessive plural)
vallan osituksestaan (elative singular)
vallan osituksestansa (elative singular)
vallan osituksistaan (elative plural)
vallan osituksistansa (elative plural)
vallan ositukseensa (illative singular)
vallan osituksiinsa (illative plural)
vallan osituksellaan (adessive singular)
vallan osituksellansa (adessive singular)
vallan osituksillaan (adessive plural)
vallan osituksillansa (adessive plural)
vallan ositukseltaan (ablative singular)
vallan ositukseltansa (ablative singular)
vallan osituksiltaan (ablative plural)
vallan osituksiltansa (ablative plural)
vallan ositukselleen (allative singular)
vallan osituksellensa (allative singular)
vallan osituksilleen (allative plural)
vallan osituksillensa (allative plural)
vallan osituksenaan (essive singular)
vallan osituksenansa (essive singular)
vallan osituksinaan (essive plural)
vallan osituksinansa (essive plural)
vallan osituksekseen (singular translative)
vallan ositukseksensa (singular translative)
vallan osituksikseen (plural translative)
vallan osituksiksensa (plural translative)
vallan osituksettaan (abessive singular)
vallan osituksettansa (abessive singular)
vallan osituksittaan (abessive plural)
vallan osituksittansa (abessive plural)
vallan osituksineen (comitative plural)
vallan osituksinensa (comitative plural)

separation of powers
separation of powers

(political science) separation of powers (model for governance, which features the division of sovereign power into at least three organs of state in order to forestall tyranny; also, such an arrangement)


աբսոլյուտիզմ

head

աբսոլյուտիզմ • (absolyutizm)

hy-noun

աբսոլյուտիզմ • (absolyutizm)

absolyutizm (romanization)
աբսոլյուտիզմ (nominative singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներ (nominative plural)
աբսոլյուտիզմի (dative singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմների (dative plural)
աբսոլյուտիզմից (ablative singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներից (ablative plural)
աբսոլյուտիզմով (instrumental singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներով (instrumental plural)
աբսոլյուտիզմում (locative singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներում (locative plural)
աբսոլյուտիզմը (definite nominative singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմն (definite nominative singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմները (definite nominative plural)
աբսոլյուտիզմներն (definite nominative plural)
աբսոլյուտիզմին (dative definite singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներին (dative definite plural)
աբսոլյուտիզմս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
աբսոլյուտիզմիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
աբսոլյուտիզմիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
աբսոլյուտիզմովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
աբսոլյուտիզմումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
աբսոլյուտիզմդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
աբսոլյուտիզմիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
աբսոլյուտիզմիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
աբսոլյուտիզմովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
աբսոլյուտիզմումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
աբսոլյուտիզմներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

աբսոլյուտիզմ

աբսոլյուտիզմը/աբսոլյուտիզմն

աբսոլյուտիզմներ

աբսոլյուտիզմները/աբսոլյուտիզմներն

աբսոլյուտիզմի

աբսոլյուտիզմին

աբսոլյուտիզմների

աբսոլյուտիզմներին

աբսոլյուտիզմից

աբսոլյուտիզմներից

աբսոլյուտիզմով

աբսոլյուտիզմներով

աբսոլյուտիզմում

աբսոլյուտիզմներում

աբսոլյուտիզմս

աբսոլյուտիզմներս

աբսոլյուտիզմիս

աբսոլյուտիզմներիս

աբսոլյուտիզմիցս

աբսոլյուտիզմներիցս

աբսոլյուտիզմովս

աբսոլյուտիզմներովս

աբսոլյուտիզմումս

աբսոլյուտիզմներումս

աբսոլյուտիզմդ

աբսոլյուտիզմներդ

աբսոլյուտիզմիդ

աբսոլյուտիզմներիդ

աբսոլյուտիզմիցդ

աբսոլյուտիզմներիցդ

աբսոլյուտիզմովդ

աբսոլյուտիզմներովդ

աբսոլյուտիզմումդ

աբսոլյուտիզմներումդ

Hy-աբսոլյուտիզմ.ogg

hy:աբսոլյուտիզմ


ความตกลง

From ความ (kwaam, “case; clause; matter; text; etc.”) + ตกลง (dtòk-long, “to agree; to consent; etc.”); literally "agreed matter" or "agreed clause".


transformationalism

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transformationalism.wav

While the supplanted transformationalism was not specifically Neo-Confucian, a central prop of the newly elevated emperorship affirmed a Han-dynasty contention that Zhu Xi had opposed.

2004, Gerald F Gaus, Chandran Kukathas, Handbook of Political Theory, →ISBN, page 330:

So long as late Qing transformationalism based on allegiance to Confucian values prevailed, the grounds nationalists were seeking for uniting those identified as "Chinese" against those identified as "Manchus", "Mongols," "Uigurs," "Tibetans," and even Chinese Muslims.

2005, Joshua A. Fogel, The Teleology of the Modern Nation-state: Japan and China, page 144:

As both Yu Yonghe and Huang Shujing recognized, racialist discourse was incongrous with the Confucian ideal of transformationalism, for the claim that barbarians possessed distinct inborn natures, or fixed moral characters, suggested that they were unassimilable.

2006, Emma Teng, Taiwan's Imagined Geography, →ISBN, page 115:

(political science, historical) The belief in the transformative power of Confucian culture as a superior system that can be universally applied to all people.

The difference is still significant, however, in circumstances where the possibility of widespread adherence to an extensive set of obligations is unlikely, for "transformationalism" would support the watering down of the regime in exchange for broader membership, in the belief that the operation of the regime will, over time, increase the convergence of interests.

2001, Mark J. Valencia, Maritime Regime Building, →ISBN, page 3:

The third perspective of globalisation, transformationalism, recognises the contingency of action and the historicity of structure as enabling and constraining globalisation.

2002, Reza Banakar, Max Travers, An introduction to law and social theory, page 313:

Martell (2010) focuses on hyper-globalization, scepticism, transformationalism and postmodernism/post structuralism and constructivism. We do not consider transformationalism, a hybrid approach between globalism and scepticism, in this chapter due to space limitations (although this approach has a growing following).

2011, Heather Savigny, Lee Marsden, Doing Political Science and International Relations, →ISBN, page 246:

Thus, whilst liberal transformationalism is right to ask questions about the poverty, inequality, and the democratic deficit generated by neoliberal globalisation, the answers it proposes cannot seriously resolve these issues because they are intrinsic to the capitalism question that liberal transformationalism does not ask.

2014, Tom Chodor, Neoliberal Hegemony and the Pink Tide in Latin America, →ISBN, page 29:

(political science) A political theory that emphasizes assimilation as a process of global cultural convergence.


rentier state

(political science) A state that derives all or much of its national revenue from the rent of indigenous resources to external clients.


vallan kolmijako

vallan kolmijako (nominative singular)
vallan kolmijaot (nominative plural)
vallan kolmijako (accusative nominative singular)
vallan kolmijaot (accusative nominative plural)
vallan kolmijaon (accusative genitive singular)
vallan kolmijaot (accusative genitive plural)
vallan kolmijaon (genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojen (genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakoa (partitive singular)
vallan kolmijakoja (partitive plural)
vallan kolmijaossa (inessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoissa (inessive plural)
vallan kolmijaosta (elative singular)
vallan kolmijaoista (elative plural)
vallan kolmijakoon (illative singular)
vallan kolmijakoihin (illative plural)
vallan kolmijaolla (adessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoilla (adessive plural)
vallan kolmijaolta (ablative singular)
vallan kolmijaoilta (ablative plural)
vallan kolmijaolle (allative singular)
vallan kolmijaoille (allative plural)
vallan kolmijakona (essive singular)
vallan kolmijakoina (essive plural)
vallan kolmijaoksi (singular translative)
vallan kolmijaoiksi (plural translative)
vallan kolmijaotta (abessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoitta (abessive plural)
vallan kolmijaoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
vallan kolmijakoni (nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakoni (nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakoni (accusative nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakoni (accusative nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakoni (accusative genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakoni (accusative genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakoni (genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojeni (genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakoani (partitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojani (partitive plural)
vallan kolmijaossani (inessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoissani (inessive plural)
vallan kolmijaostani (elative singular)
vallan kolmijaoistani (elative plural)
vallan kolmijakooni (illative singular)
vallan kolmijakoihini (illative plural)
vallan kolmijaollani (adessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoillani (adessive plural)
vallan kolmijaoltani (ablative singular)
vallan kolmijaoiltani (ablative plural)
vallan kolmijaolleni (allative singular)
vallan kolmijaoilleni (allative plural)
vallan kolmijakonani (essive singular)
vallan kolmijakoinani (essive plural)
vallan kolmijaokseni (singular translative)
vallan kolmijaoikseni (plural translative)
vallan kolmijaottani (abessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoittani (abessive plural)
vallan kolmijakoineni (comitative plural)
vallan kolmijakosi (nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakosi (nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakosi (accusative nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakosi (accusative nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakosi (accusative genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakosi (accusative genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakosi (genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojesi (genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakoasi (partitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojasi (partitive plural)
vallan kolmijaossasi (inessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoissasi (inessive plural)
vallan kolmijaostasi (elative singular)
vallan kolmijaoistasi (elative plural)
vallan kolmijakoosi (illative singular)
vallan kolmijakoihisi (illative plural)
vallan kolmijaollasi (adessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoillasi (adessive plural)
vallan kolmijaoltasi (ablative singular)
vallan kolmijaoiltasi (ablative plural)
vallan kolmijaollesi (allative singular)
vallan kolmijaoillesi (allative plural)
vallan kolmijakonasi (essive singular)
vallan kolmijakoinasi (essive plural)
vallan kolmijaoksesi (singular translative)
vallan kolmijaoiksesi (plural translative)
vallan kolmijaottasi (abessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoittasi (abessive plural)
vallan kolmijakoinesi (comitative plural)
vallan kolmijakomme (nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakomme (nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakomme (accusative nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakomme (accusative nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakomme (accusative genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakomme (accusative genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakomme (genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojemme (genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakoamme (partitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojamme (partitive plural)
vallan kolmijaossamme (inessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoissamme (inessive plural)
vallan kolmijaostamme (elative singular)
vallan kolmijaoistamme (elative plural)
vallan kolmijakoomme (illative singular)
vallan kolmijakoihimme (illative plural)
vallan kolmijaollamme (adessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoillamme (adessive plural)
vallan kolmijaoltamme (ablative singular)
vallan kolmijaoiltamme (ablative plural)
vallan kolmijaollemme (allative singular)
vallan kolmijaoillemme (allative plural)
vallan kolmijakonamme (essive singular)
vallan kolmijakoinamme (essive plural)
vallan kolmijaoksemme (singular translative)
vallan kolmijaoiksemme (plural translative)
vallan kolmijaottamme (abessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoittamme (abessive plural)
vallan kolmijakoinemme (comitative plural)
vallan kolmijakonne (nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakonne (nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakonne (accusative nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakonne (accusative nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakonne (accusative genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakonne (accusative genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakonne (genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojenne (genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakoanne (partitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojanne (partitive plural)
vallan kolmijaossanne (inessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoissanne (inessive plural)
vallan kolmijaostanne (elative singular)
vallan kolmijaoistanne (elative plural)
vallan kolmijakoonne (illative singular)
vallan kolmijakoihinne (illative plural)
vallan kolmijaollanne (adessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoillanne (adessive plural)
vallan kolmijaoltanne (ablative singular)
vallan kolmijaoiltanne (ablative plural)
vallan kolmijaollenne (allative singular)
vallan kolmijaoillenne (allative plural)
vallan kolmijakonanne (essive singular)
vallan kolmijakoinanne (essive plural)
vallan kolmijaoksenne (singular translative)
vallan kolmijaoiksenne (plural translative)
vallan kolmijaottanne (abessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoittanne (abessive plural)
vallan kolmijakoinenne (comitative plural)
vallan kolmijakonsa (nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakonsa (nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakonsa (accusative nominative singular)
vallan kolmijakonsa (accusative nominative plural)
vallan kolmijakonsa (accusative genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakonsa (accusative genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakonsa (genitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojensa (genitive plural)
vallan kolmijakoaan (partitive singular)
vallan kolmijakoansa (partitive singular)
vallan kolmijakojaan (partitive plural)
vallan kolmijakojansa (partitive plural)
vallan kolmijaossaan (inessive singular)
vallan kolmijaossansa (inessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoissaan (inessive plural)
vallan kolmijaoissansa (inessive plural)
vallan kolmijaostaan (elative singular)
vallan kolmijaostansa (elative singular)
vallan kolmijaoistaan (elative plural)
vallan kolmijaoistansa (elative plural)
vallan kolmijakoonsa (illative singular)
vallan kolmijakoihinsa (illative plural)
vallan kolmijaollaan (adessive singular)
vallan kolmijaollansa (adessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoillaan (adessive plural)
vallan kolmijaoillansa (adessive plural)
vallan kolmijaoltaan (ablative singular)
vallan kolmijaoltansa (ablative singular)
vallan kolmijaoiltaan (ablative plural)
vallan kolmijaoiltansa (ablative plural)
vallan kolmijaolleen (allative singular)
vallan kolmijaollensa (allative singular)
vallan kolmijaoilleen (allative plural)
vallan kolmijaoillensa (allative plural)
vallan kolmijakonaan (essive singular)
vallan kolmijakonansa (essive singular)
vallan kolmijakoinaan (essive plural)
vallan kolmijakoinansa (essive plural)
vallan kolmijaokseen (singular translative)
vallan kolmijaoksensa (singular translative)
vallan kolmijaoikseen (plural translative)
vallan kolmijaoiksensa (plural translative)
vallan kolmijaottaan (abessive singular)
vallan kolmijaottansa (abessive singular)
vallan kolmijaoittaan (abessive plural)
vallan kolmijaoittansa (abessive plural)
vallan kolmijakoineen (comitative plural)
vallan kolmijakoinensa (comitative plural)

(political science) trias politica; separation of powers into three independent branches: legislative, executive and judiciary.


affective partisan polarization

en-noun

affective partisan polarization (uncountable)

(political science, US) the process of steady growth of the mutual dislike between Republicans and Democrats since the 1970s


LTV

LTV (countable and uncountable, plural LTVs)

labor theory of value
labor theory of value#English

(economics, political science) Initialism of labor theory of value.


crypto-anarchism

The rise of crypto-anarchism might be good news for individual users – and there are plenty working on ways of using this technology for decent social purposes – but it’s also bad news for governments.

2017 June 4, Jamie Bartlett, “Forget far-right populism – crypto-anarchists are the new masters”, in The Observer:

(computing, political science) The belief that cyberspace should exist decentralized and without authority, achievable through cryptography.

Krypto-Anarchismus

discipline concerned with communication security

(political science) The realization of anarchy in cyberspace.


Gandhism

Another critic observes Gandhism dreads the 'onslaught of technology' because it creates unemployment.

1945, Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala, Gandhism Reconsidered, page 28:

In trying to curb modern political Machiavellianism, some of the more consistent humanists find this analogy in the ethical ideas and the political practice of Gandhiism.

1972, Aleksandr Ivanovich Titarenko, Morality and politics;: Critical essays on contemporary views about the relationship between morality and politics in bourgeois sociology, page 142:

(political science, philosophy) The philosophy and principles of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, encompassing the broad tenets of upholding truth, pacifism, and nonviolent activism; also rarely used for Gandhian economics.


Duverger's law

Attributed to Maurice Duverger, French sociologist who published on the subject in the 1950s and 1960s.

Out of that work emerged Duverger’s Law, which holds that single-member districts tend to produce two-party systems. […] And in the long run, the inexorable machinery of Duverger’s Law will ensure that the Patriot Party is folded back into the Republican Party.

2021 January 28, Michael Tomasky, “Why a Trump Third Party Would Be a Boon for Democrats”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

proportional representation
proportional representation

(political science) The principle that plurality-rule elections (such as first past the post) structured within single-member districts tend to favour a two-party system, and that the double-ballot majority system and proportional representation tend to favor multipartyism.


stasiology

Borrowed from French stasiologie, coined in 1951 by French jurist, sociologist and politician Maurice Duverger (1917–2014) from stase (“stasis”) + -iologie (“-ology, indicating the study of a particular subject”), because of the way the opposition of political parties tends to prevent governments from making dramatic changes.

The development of the science of political parties (it could perhaps be called stasiology).

1954 [1951], Maurice Duverger, translated by Barbara North and Robert North, Political Parties, their Organization and Activity in the Modern State, Methuen & Co.; New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, translation of Les partis politiques (in French), →OCLC:

In this study, in the light of latest trends in stasiology, an attempt is made to examine the potential role of political parties in initiating, directing and managing social, economic and political changes in Himachal Pradesh.

1977, Ranbir Sharma, Party Politics in a Himalayan State, New Delhi: National Publishing House, →OCLC, page v:

The surprising development in this regard is that, despite all these difficulties, students are engaged in making an empirical study of party politics with the aim of refining the discipline of stasiology.

1982, J[agdish] C[handra] Johari, “Party Politics”, in Comparative Politics, 3rd rev. and enl. edition, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, →OCLC, page 318:

political parties
political party#English

(political science, rare) The study of political parties.


stasiologie

Le développement de la science des partis politiques ne pourrait-on l’appeler stasiologie?

1951, Maurice Duverger, Les Partis Politiques, Armand Colin, page 461:


prescriptionist

en-adj

prescriptionist (comparative more prescriptionist, superlative most prescriptionist)

more prescriptionist (comparative)
most prescriptionist (superlative)

Much of the disagreement between the prescriptionist and descriptionist views turns on the question of compensation among generations.

1996, James P. Bruce, Hoe-sŏng Yi, Erik F. Haites, Climate Change 1995, →ISBN:

Educators often come into the profession with a certain view of language that is more prescriptionist in nature (Edwards, 1982; Taylor, 1983; Trudgill, 1975; Williams, 1976).

2008, Maria Elisa Paredes, Language Attitudes, Linguistic Knowledge, and the Multicultural Education of Pre-Service Teachers, →ISBN:

Teaching the English language may be their bread and butter, but they are unable to enforce the notion of a 'standard prescriptionist English.'

2014, Stuart Nicholson, Is Jazz Dead?: Or Has It Moved to a New Address, →ISBN, page 174:

(political science, linguistics) Relying on historical precedent rather than current usage (to determine rights or correctness).


form of government

en-noun

form of government (plural forms of government)

(political science) The system by which a state or community is controlled, as for decision-making or choice of rulers.


absolutistisch

absolutistisch (adverbial positive predicative)
absolutistische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
absolutistisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
absolutistische (indefinite plural positive)
absolutistische (definite positive)
absolutistisch (partitive positive)

(politics, historical, political science) absolutist, absolutistic, absolute (pertaining to the absolute sovereignty of rulers)


民主革命

ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

миньчжу гэмин

/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

democratic revolution
democratic revolution

(political science) democratic revolution


sikkerhedsliggørelse

sikkerhedsliggørelse (indefinite nominative singular)
sikkerhedsliggørelsen (definite nominative singular)
sikkerhedsliggørelses (genitive indefinite singular)
sikkerhedsliggørelsens (definite genitive singular)

(politology) securitization (act of presenting something as a security threat)


intergovernmentalism

From intergovernmental + -ism or inter- + governmentalism.

There is a slew of treaties, organizations and agencies that form the scaffolding of the emerging global governance structure regulating and superintending everything from nuclear weapons to the fishing of halibut, and all of them embody electionless intergovernmentalism.

2016 January 21, Leigh Phillips, “Electionless inter-governmentalism über alles”, in ROAR Magazine:

(political science) An approach to political integration that regards states, and national governments in particular, as the primary actors in the integration process.


deimperialization

Perhaps the British should study Turkey; God knows, we need models for de-imperialisation.

1972, Angela Carter, “The Back of Beyond”, in Shaking a Leg, Vintage, published 2013, page 253:

The implosion of the USSR itself, beginning in 1991 after the loss of its east European dominions, in effect constituted an enormous deimperialization process of a system based on eight decades of ‘internal terror and fear of external enemies’.

2007, Bertil Nygren, The Rebuilding of Greater Russia:

(political science) The process of deimperializing; the dismantling or formal ending of an empire.


卡里斯瑪

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙ ㄇㄚˇ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


labour value theory

(economics, political science) Alternative form of labor theory of value.


labor theory of value

socially necessary human labor time
socially necessary labour time

(economics, political science) The theory, usually associated with Marxian economics, that freely reproducible goods obtain their value from socially necessary human labor time.


उपन्यस्यति

sa-verb

उपन्यस्यति • (upanyasyati) third-singular indicative (class 4, type P, root अस्)

upanyasyati (romanization)
अस् (root)
उपन्यस्यति (present)
उपन्यस्यते (present)
उपन्यस्यति (active indicative singular third-person)
उपन्यस्यतः (active dual indicative third-person)
उपन्यस्यन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
उपन्यस्यते (indicative singular third-person)
उपन्यस्येते (dual indicative third-person)
उपन्यस्यन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
उपन्यस्यसि (active indicative second-person singular)
उपन्यस्यथः (active dual indicative second-person)
उपन्यस्यथ (active indicative plural second-person)
उपन्यस्यसे (indicative second-person singular)
उपन्यस्येथे (dual indicative second-person)
उपन्यस्यध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
उपन्यस्यामि (active first-person indicative singular)
उपन्यस्यावः (active dual first-person indicative)
उपन्यस्यामः (active first-person indicative plural)
उपन्यस्यामसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
उपन्यस्ये (first-person indicative singular)
उपन्यस्यावहे (dual first-person indicative)
उपन्यस्यामहे (first-person indicative plural)
उपन्यस्यतु (active imperative singular third-person)
उपन्यस्यताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
उपन्यस्यन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
उपन्यस्यताम् (imperative singular third-person)
उपन्यस्येताम् (dual imperative third-person)
उपन्यस्यन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
उपन्यस्य (active imperative second-person singular)
उपन्यस्यतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
उपन्यस्यत (active imperative plural second-person)
उपन्यस्यस्व (imperative second-person singular)
उपन्यस्येथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
उपन्यस्यध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
उपन्यस्यानि (active first-person imperative singular)
उपन्यस्याव (active dual first-person imperative)
उपन्यस्याम (active first-person imperative plural)
उपन्यस्यै (first-person imperative singular)
उपन्यस्यावहै (dual first-person imperative)
उपन्यस्यामहै (first-person imperative plural)
उपन्यस्येत् (active imperative singular third-person)
उपन्यस्येताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
उपन्यस्येयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
उपन्यस्येत (imperative singular third-person)
उपन्यस्येयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
उपन्यस्येरन् (imperative plural third-person)
उपन्यस्येः (active imperative second-person singular)
उपन्यस्येतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
उपन्यस्येत (active imperative plural second-person)
उपन्यस्येथाः (imperative second-person singular)
उपन्यस्येयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
उपन्यस्येध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
उपन्यस्येयम् (active first-person imperative singular)
उपन्यस्येव (active dual first-person imperative)
उपन्यस्येम (active first-person imperative plural)
उपन्यस्येय (first-person imperative singular)
उपन्यस्येवहि (dual first-person imperative)
उपन्यस्येमहि (first-person imperative plural)
उपन्यस्यात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
उपन्यस्याति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
उपन्यस्यातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
उपन्यस्यान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
उपन्यस्याते (singular subjunctive third-person)
उपन्यस्यातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
उपन्यस्यैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
उपन्यस्यन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
उपन्यस्यान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
उपन्यस्याः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
उपन्यस्यासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
उपन्यस्याथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
उपन्यस्याथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
उपन्यस्यासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
उपन्यस्यासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
उपन्यस्यैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
उपन्यस्याध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
उपन्यस्यानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
उपन्यस्याव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
उपन्यस्याम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
उपन्यस्यै (first-person singular subjunctive)
उपन्यस्यावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
उपन्यस्यामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
उपन्यस्यत् (active participle)
उपन्यस्यमान (participle)
उपन्यास्यत् (imperfect)
उपन्यास्यत (imperfect)
उपन्यास्यत् (active indicative singular third-person)
उपन्यास्यताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
उपन्यास्यन् (active indicative plural third-person)
उपन्यास्यत (indicative singular third-person)
उपन्यास्येताम् (dual indicative third-person)
उपन्यास्यन्त (indicative plural third-person)
उपन्यास्यः (active indicative second-person singular)
उपन्यास्यतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
उपन्यास्यत (active indicative plural second-person)
उपन्यास्यथाः (indicative second-person singular)
उपन्यास्येथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
उपन्यास्यध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
उपन्यास्यम् (active first-person indicative singular)
उपन्यास्याव (active dual first-person indicative)
उपन्यास्याम (active first-person indicative plural)
उपन्यास्ये (first-person indicative singular)
उपन्यास्यावहि (dual first-person indicative)
उपन्यास्यामहि (first-person indicative plural)

From उप- (upa-) + नि- (ni-) + अस्यति (asyati).

prefix

(transitive, intransitive, political science) To move; to propose; specifically, to propose formally for consideration and determination in a deliberative assembly; to submit


Leitkultur

de-noun

Leitkultur f (genitive Leitkultur, plural Leitkulturen)

Leitkultur (genitive)
Leitkulturen (plural)
Leitkultur (nominative singular)
Leitkulturen (definite nominative plural)
Leitkultur (genitive singular)
Leitkulturen (definite genitive plural)
Leitkultur (dative singular)
Leitkulturen (dative definite plural)
Leitkultur (accusative singular)
Leitkulturen (accusative definite plural)

From leiten + Kultur. Coined by Syrian-German social and political scientist and university lecturer Bassam Tibi in 1996. From c. 2000 the word has acquired a more specific sense in the wider political discourse, especially as a Kampfbegriff.

coin

(political science) The values of modern Western culture, including democracy, secularism, the Enlightenment, human rights, and civil society.


国権

ja-noun

国(こっ)権(けん) • (kokken) ^(←こくけん (kokuken)?)

国権 (canonical)
kokken (romanization)
kokuken (romanization)
こくけん (hiragana historical)

(political science) national sovereignty


labour theory of value

(economics, political science) UK standard spelling of labor theory of value.


labour-value theory

labor-value theory
labor-value theory#English

(economics, political science) UK standard spelling of labor-value theory.


labor-value theory

labor value theory
labor value theory#English

(economics, political science) Alternative form of labor value theory.


kaaderipuolue

kaaderipuolue (nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueet (nominative plural)
kaaderipuolue (accusative nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueet (accusative nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueen (accusative genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueet (accusative genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueen (genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueiden (genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueitten (genitive plural)
kaaderipuoluetta (partitive singular)
kaaderipuolueita (partitive plural)
kaaderipuolueessa (inessive singular)
kaaderipuolueissa (inessive plural)
kaaderipuolueesta (elative singular)
kaaderipuolueista (elative plural)
kaaderipuolueeseen (illative singular)
kaaderipuolueisiin (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueihin (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueella (adessive singular)
kaaderipuolueilla (adessive plural)
kaaderipuolueelta (ablative singular)
kaaderipuolueilta (ablative plural)
kaaderipuolueelle (allative singular)
kaaderipuolueille (allative plural)
kaaderipuolueena (essive singular)
kaaderipuolueina (essive plural)
kaaderipuolueeksi (singular translative)
kaaderipuolueiksi (plural translative)
kaaderipuolueetta (abessive singular)
kaaderipuolueitta (abessive plural)
kaaderipuoluein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kaaderipuolueeni (nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueeni (nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueeni (accusative nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueeni (accusative nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueeni (accusative genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueeni (accusative genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueeni (genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueideni (genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueitteni (genitive plural)
kaaderipuoluettani (partitive singular)
kaaderipuolueitani (partitive plural)
kaaderipuolueessani (inessive singular)
kaaderipuolueissani (inessive plural)
kaaderipuolueestani (elative singular)
kaaderipuolueistani (elative plural)
kaaderipuolueeseeni (illative singular)
kaaderipuolueisiini (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueihini (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueellani (adessive singular)
kaaderipuolueillani (adessive plural)
kaaderipuolueeltani (ablative singular)
kaaderipuolueiltani (ablative plural)
kaaderipuolueelleni (allative singular)
kaaderipuolueilleni (allative plural)
kaaderipuolueenani (essive singular)
kaaderipuolueinani (essive plural)
kaaderipuolueekseni (singular translative)
kaaderipuolueikseni (plural translative)
kaaderipuolueettani (abessive singular)
kaaderipuolueittani (abessive plural)
kaaderipuolueineni (comitative plural)
kaaderipuolueesi (nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueesi (nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueesi (accusative nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueesi (accusative nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueesi (accusative genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueesi (accusative genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueesi (genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueidesi (genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueittesi (genitive plural)
kaaderipuoluettasi (partitive singular)
kaaderipuolueitasi (partitive plural)
kaaderipuolueessasi (inessive singular)
kaaderipuolueissasi (inessive plural)
kaaderipuolueestasi (elative singular)
kaaderipuolueistasi (elative plural)
kaaderipuolueeseesi (illative singular)
kaaderipuolueisiisi (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueihisi (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueellasi (adessive singular)
kaaderipuolueillasi (adessive plural)
kaaderipuolueeltasi (ablative singular)
kaaderipuolueiltasi (ablative plural)
kaaderipuolueellesi (allative singular)
kaaderipuolueillesi (allative plural)
kaaderipuolueenasi (essive singular)
kaaderipuolueinasi (essive plural)
kaaderipuolueeksesi (singular translative)
kaaderipuolueiksesi (plural translative)
kaaderipuolueettasi (abessive singular)
kaaderipuolueittasi (abessive plural)
kaaderipuolueinesi (comitative plural)
kaaderipuolueemme (nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueemme (nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueemme (accusative nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueemme (accusative nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueemme (accusative genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueemme (accusative genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueemme (genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueidemme (genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueittemme (genitive plural)
kaaderipuoluettamme (partitive singular)
kaaderipuolueitamme (partitive plural)
kaaderipuolueessamme (inessive singular)
kaaderipuolueissamme (inessive plural)
kaaderipuolueestamme (elative singular)
kaaderipuolueistamme (elative plural)
kaaderipuolueeseemme (illative singular)
kaaderipuolueisiimme (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueihimme (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueellamme (adessive singular)
kaaderipuolueillamme (adessive plural)
kaaderipuolueeltamme (ablative singular)
kaaderipuolueiltamme (ablative plural)
kaaderipuolueellemme (allative singular)
kaaderipuolueillemme (allative plural)
kaaderipuolueenamme (essive singular)
kaaderipuolueinamme (essive plural)
kaaderipuolueeksemme (singular translative)
kaaderipuolueiksemme (plural translative)
kaaderipuolueettamme (abessive singular)
kaaderipuolueittamme (abessive plural)
kaaderipuolueinemme (comitative plural)
kaaderipuolueenne (nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueenne (nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueenne (accusative nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueenne (accusative nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueenne (accusative genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueenne (accusative genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueenne (genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueidenne (genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueittenne (genitive plural)
kaaderipuoluettanne (partitive singular)
kaaderipuolueitanne (partitive plural)
kaaderipuolueessanne (inessive singular)
kaaderipuolueissanne (inessive plural)
kaaderipuolueestanne (elative singular)
kaaderipuolueistanne (elative plural)
kaaderipuolueeseenne (illative singular)
kaaderipuolueisiinne (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueihinne (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueellanne (adessive singular)
kaaderipuolueillanne (adessive plural)
kaaderipuolueeltanne (ablative singular)
kaaderipuolueiltanne (ablative plural)
kaaderipuolueellenne (allative singular)
kaaderipuolueillenne (allative plural)
kaaderipuolueenanne (essive singular)
kaaderipuolueinanne (essive plural)
kaaderipuolueeksenne (singular translative)
kaaderipuolueiksenne (plural translative)
kaaderipuolueettanne (abessive singular)
kaaderipuolueittanne (abessive plural)
kaaderipuolueinenne (comitative plural)
kaaderipuolueensa (nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueensa (nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueensa (accusative nominative singular)
kaaderipuolueensa (accusative nominative plural)
kaaderipuolueensa (accusative genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueensa (accusative genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueensa (genitive singular)
kaaderipuolueidensa (genitive plural)
kaaderipuolueittensa (genitive plural)
kaaderipuoluettaan (partitive singular)
kaaderipuoluettansa (partitive singular)
kaaderipuolueitaan (partitive plural)
kaaderipuolueitansa (partitive plural)
kaaderipuolueessaan (inessive singular)
kaaderipuolueessansa (inessive singular)
kaaderipuolueissaan (inessive plural)
kaaderipuolueissansa (inessive plural)
kaaderipuolueestaan (elative singular)
kaaderipuolueestansa (elative singular)
kaaderipuolueistaan (elative plural)
kaaderipuolueistansa (elative plural)
kaaderipuolueeseensa (illative singular)
kaaderipuolueisiinsa (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueihinsa (illative plural)
kaaderipuolueellaan (adessive singular)
kaaderipuolueellansa (adessive singular)
kaaderipuolueillaan (adessive plural)
kaaderipuolueillansa (adessive plural)
kaaderipuolueeltaan (ablative singular)
kaaderipuolueeltansa (ablative singular)
kaaderipuolueiltaan (ablative plural)
kaaderipuolueiltansa (ablative plural)
kaaderipuolueelleen (allative singular)
kaaderipuolueellensa (allative singular)
kaaderipuolueilleen (allative plural)
kaaderipuolueillensa (allative plural)
kaaderipuolueenaan (essive singular)
kaaderipuolueenansa (essive singular)
kaaderipuolueinaan (essive plural)
kaaderipuolueinansa (essive plural)
kaaderipuolueekseen (singular translative)
kaaderipuolueeksensa (singular translative)
kaaderipuolueikseen (plural translative)
kaaderipuolueiksensa (plural translative)
kaaderipuolueettaan (abessive singular)
kaaderipuolueettansa (abessive singular)
kaaderipuolueittaan (abessive plural)
kaaderipuolueittansa (abessive plural)
kaaderipuolueineen (comitative plural)
kaaderipuolueinensa (comitative plural)


rejim

ms-noun

rejim (Jawi spelling ريجيم, plural rejim-rejim, informal 1st possessive rejimku, 2nd possessive rejimmu, 3rd possessive rejimnya)

ريجيم (Jawi)
rejim-rejim (plural)
rejimku (first-person informal possessive)
rejimmu (possessive second-person)
rejimnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English regime, from French régime, from Latin regimen (“direction, government”). Doublet of rejimen.

Ia adalah satu peralihan rejim.

2019, Liew Chin Tong, “Peralihan rejim memperkukuh sistem demokrasi [Transition of regimes strengthens system of democracy]”, in Berita Harian:

(political science) A system of government or administration.

Menurut Kementerian Kesihatan, serangan rejim Zionis ke atas stesen minyak di Al-Mawasi dekat selatan Gaza mengorbankan 17 orang dan mencederakan 26 yang lain.

2024, AFP, “22 terbunuh dalam serangan dilancarkan rejim zionis [22 killed in attack launched by the Zionist regime]”, in Berita Harian:

According to the Ministry of Health, the Zionist regime's attack on the petrol station at Al-Mawasi near southern Gaza killed 17 people and injured 26 others.

(political science) A government in power, particularly an authoritarian one.


Andersonian

(political science) Of or pertaining to Benedict Anderson (1936–2015), Chinese-born Irish political scientist and historian.


bałkanizacja

bałkanizacja (nominative singular)
bałkanizacji (genitive singular)
bałkanizacji (dative singular)
bałkanizację (accusative singular)
bałkanizacją (instrumental singular)
bałkanizacji (locative singular)
bałkanizacjo (singular vocative)

(political science) Balkanization (fragmentation of a region into several small states)


利維坦

/li⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(political science) domineering and authoritarian political state


proses verbal

id-noun

proses verbal (first-person possessive proses verbalku, second-person possessive proses verbalmu, third-person possessive proses verbalnya)

proses verbal ku (first-person possessive)
proses verbal mu (possessive second-person)
proses verbal nya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch proces-verbaal, from French procès-verbal.


sfaszyzować

pl-verb

sfaszyzować pf (imperfective faszyzować)

faszyzować (imperfective)
sfaszyzować (infinitive)
sfaszyzuję (future singular)
sfaszyzujemy (future plural)
sfaszyzujesz (future singular)
sfaszyzujecie (future plural)
sfaszyzuje (future singular third-person)
sfaszyzują (future plural third-person)
sfaszyzuje się (future impersonal)
sfaszyzowałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m sfaszyzował (masculine past singular)
sfaszyzowałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m sfaszyzowała (feminine past singular)
sfaszyzowałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m sfaszyzowało (neuter past singular)
sfaszyzowaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy sfaszyzowali (past plural virile)
sfaszyzowałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy sfaszyzowały (nonvirile past plural)
sfaszyzowałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś sfaszyzował (masculine past singular)
sfaszyzowałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś sfaszyzowała (feminine past singular)
sfaszyzowałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś sfaszyzowało (neuter past singular)
sfaszyzowaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście sfaszyzowali (past plural virile)
sfaszyzowałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście sfaszyzowały (nonvirile past plural)
sfaszyzował (masculine past singular third-person)
sfaszyzowała (feminine past singular third-person)
sfaszyzowało (neuter past singular third-person)
sfaszyzowali (past plural third-person virile)
sfaszyzowały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
sfaszyzowano (impersonal past)
sfaszyzowałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym sfaszyzował (conditional masculine singular)
sfaszyzowałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym sfaszyzowała (conditional feminine singular)
sfaszyzowałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym sfaszyzowało (conditional neuter singular)
sfaszyzowalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy sfaszyzowali (conditional plural virile)
sfaszyzowałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy sfaszyzowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
sfaszyzowałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś sfaszyzował (conditional masculine singular)
sfaszyzowałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś sfaszyzowała (conditional feminine singular)
sfaszyzowałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś sfaszyzowało (conditional neuter singular)
sfaszyzowalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście sfaszyzowali (conditional plural virile)
sfaszyzowałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście sfaszyzowały (conditional nonvirile plural)
sfaszyzowałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by sfaszyzował (conditional masculine singular third-person)
sfaszyzowałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by sfaszyzowała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
sfaszyzowałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by sfaszyzowało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
sfaszyzowaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by sfaszyzowali (conditional plural third-person virile)
sfaszyzowałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by sfaszyzowały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
sfaszyzowano by (conditional impersonal)
niech sfaszyzuję (imperative singular)
sfaszyzujmy (imperative plural)
sfaszyzuj (imperative singular)
sfaszyzujcie (imperative plural)
niech sfaszyzuje (imperative singular third-person)
niech sfaszyzują (imperative plural third-person)
sfaszyzowany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
sfaszyzowana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
sfaszyzowane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
sfaszyzowani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
sfaszyzowane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
sfaszyzowawszy (adverbial anterior participle)
sfaszyzowanie (noun-from-verb)

(transitive, political science) to fascistize (to make fascist)

(reflexive with się, political science) to be subject to fascistization


faszyzować

faszyzować impf (perfective sfaszyzować)


rational choice theory

(social sciences, economics, political science, sociology) A theory that argues individual decisions are based on that individual's understanding of the costs and benefits of a given action, shaped throughout the assumptions of self-interest and rational actors.


action theory

rational choice theory
rational choice theory

(political science, sociology) Any theory that centres its gaze, analysis, and interpretation around human action. E.g. rational choice theory, phenomenology, etc.


power projection

en-noun

power projection (countable and uncountable, plural power projections)

(political science, geopolitics) In international relations, the capacity of a state to deploy and sustain forces outside its territory.


nation-builder

Coordinate term: nation wrecker

(political science, geopolitics) A person who takes part in nation-building; a member of a state who takes the initiative in developing the national community through government programs.


acefaliczny

pl-adj

acefaliczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

acefaliczny (masculine nominative singular)
acefaliczna (feminine nominative singular)
acefaliczne (neuter nominative singular)
acefaliczni (nominative plural virile)
acefaliczne (nominative plural)
acefalicznego (genitive masculine singular)
acefalicznej (feminine genitive singular)
acefalicznego (genitive neuter singular)
acefalicznych (genitive plural)
acefalicznych (genitive plural virile)
acefalicznemu (dative masculine singular)
acefalicznej (dative feminine singular)
acefalicznemu (dative neuter singular)
acefalicznym (dative plural)
acefalicznym (dative plural virile)
acefalicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
acefaliczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
acefaliczną (accusative feminine singular)
acefaliczne (accusative neuter singular)
acefalicznych (accusative plural virile)
acefaliczne (accusative plural)
acefalicznym (instrumental masculine singular)
acefaliczną (feminine instrumental singular)
acefalicznym (instrumental neuter singular)
acefalicznymi (instrumental plural)
acefalicznymi (instrumental plural virile)
acefalicznym (locative masculine singular)
acefalicznej (feminine locative singular)
acefalicznym (locative neuter singular)
acefalicznych (locative plural)
acefalicznych (locative plural virile)

From acefalia + -iczny. First attested in 1929.

ref

Trzaski, Everta i Michalskiego leksykon ilustrowany. [Z. 1]. (in Polish), 1929, page 33

(social sciences, political science, sociology) acephalous (a system of society without centralised state authority, where power is welded amongst groups of community entities e.g. clans)


parapolitics

(political science) Political practices and arrangements that are unacknowledged and that intend to misinform or obfuscate a hidden agenda.


temat zastępczy

temat zastępczy (nominative singular)
tematy zastępcze (nominative plural)
tematu zastępczego (genitive singular)
tematów zastępczych (genitive plural)
tematowi zastępczemu (dative singular)
tematom zastępczym (dative plural)
temat zastępczy (accusative singular)
tematy zastępcze (accusative plural)
tematem zastępczym (instrumental singular)
tematami zastępczymi (instrumental plural)
temacie zastępczym (locative singular)
tematach zastępczych (locative plural)
temacie zastępczy (singular vocative)
tematy zastępcze (plural vocative)

(political science) counterirritant, red herring


sistem politik

id-noun

sistem politik (plural sistem-sistem politik, first-person possessive sistem politikku, second-person possessive sistem politikmu, third-person possessive sistem politiknya)

sistem-sistem politik (plural)
sistem politik ku (first-person possessive)
sistem politik mu (possessive second-person)
sistem politik nya (possessive third-person)

Compound of sistem (“system”) + politik (“politics”).

com

political system
political system#English


autarchism

(political science) A political philosophy that promotes the principles of individualism and the moral ideology of individual liberty and self-reliance.


balkanizace

balkanizace (nominative singular)
balkanizace (nominative plural)
balkanizace (genitive singular)
balkanizací (genitive plural)
balkanizaci (dative singular)
balkanizacím (dative plural)
balkanizaci (accusative singular)
balkanizace (accusative plural)
balkanizace (singular vocative)
balkanizace (plural vocative)
balkanizaci (locative singular)
balkanizacích (locative plural)
balkanizací (instrumental singular)
balkanizacemi (instrumental plural)


videomalaise

(political science, dated) A correlation purported to exist between decreasing public trust in political institutions and societal exposure to political incivility (such as behavior by politicians which violates social norms), theorized to be exacerbated by the popularity of televised news.


sultanism

From sultan + -ism. Introduced by Max Weber.

(political science) An extreme form of authoritarian government characterized by the personal presence of the ruler in all elements of governance.


teoría del valor-trabajo

es-noun

teoría del valor-trabajo f (uncountable)

labor theory of value
labor theory of value

(economics, political science) labor theory of value


Russophrenia

This is classic Russophrenia, believing that Russia is about to threaten the world while on fiscal life-support.

2015 June 30, Bryan MacDonald, “Russophrenia - an illness in need of a cure”, in RT:

In one astute observation, Western media exhibit a “Russophrenia” – “a condition where the sufferer believes Russia is both about to collapse, and take over the world.”

2018 July 18, Mikhail Molchanov, quoting Bryan MacDonald, “The Trump-Putin summit: Russophrenia explained”, in Asia Times:

In some psychiatric sense it is very close to the more specific Russophrenia phenomenon, where Russia is simultaneously about to collapse and about to overtake the US, and the combined West.

2019 April 9, Bill Totten, “Has the US Lost Its Military Supremacy Over Russia?”, in BillTottenWeblog (Google Groups):

The Russian FIMI ecosystem produced and distributed satirical videos attacking Western values and exposing the purported reasons why Russia is superior to Western democracies. The European External Action Service (EEAS) Data team detected this new trend, including a video highlighting the Western “Russophrenia” and supposed attempts to cancel Russian culture, an advertisement inviting EU citizens to move to Russia, and commercial videos mocking EU citizens on the energy crisis.

2022, Global Affairs Canada, G7 Rapid Response Mechanism Annual Report 2022, page 10:

(neologism, political science, geopolitics, derogatory) The belief or idea that Russia is simultaneously about to collapse, and also take over the world.


bespredel

Borrowed from Russian беспреде́л (bespredél, “lawlessness; arbitrary rule”), from бес- (bes-, “without”) + преде́л (predél, “limit”).

af

In the Russian Far East, for example, vory took it on themselves to punish not only criminals unaffiliated with their organizations but also those members of their own society who committed acts of bespredel, extreme violence that was forbidden under the code—for example, brutally attacking or killing a woman or a child. […] Crime committed by outsiders is seen as bespredel because the territory “belongs” to the gang. As always with the gang, moral reasoning goes hand in hand with pragmatic considerations. The members admitted that the gang fights bespredel largely because it does not want additional police attention in its territory.

2015, Svetlana Stephenson, “6. THE GANG IN THE COMMUNITY”, in Gangs of Russia. From the Streets to the Corridors of Power, Cornell University Press, →DOI, pages 152–153, 154–155:

When asked of his understanding of bespredel at the bazaar, or mafia-related lawlessness, Adyl, a similarly aged trader originally from Osh confirmed what most other traders stated: there is not that kind of bespredel at the bazaar.

2017, Regine A. Spector, “6. Becoming Trading Elders and Local Authorities”, in Order at the Bazaar. Power and Trade in Central Asia, Cornell University Press, →DOI, page 150:

(political science) A fundamental breakdown in the established norms of a society, due to its citizens no longer having a collective understanding of the customs, values or institutions of that society; particularly in a Russian or post-Soviet context.


国家権力

ja-noun

国(こっ)家(か)権(けん)力(りょく) • (kokka kenryoku) ^(←こくかけんりよく (kokuka kenryoku)?)

国家権力 (canonical)
kokka kenryoku (romanization)
kokuka kenryoku (romanization)
こくかけんりよく (hiragana historical)

[ko̞k̚ka̠ kẽ̞n̺ɾʲo̞kɯ̟]

Compound of 国(こっ)家(か) (kokka, “nation; state”) + 権(けん)力(りょく) (kenryoku, “power, authority”).

ja-compound

1935, Tsugio Sekiguchi, Shin Doitsu-go bunpō kyōtei kaisetsu:

３．動搖してゐる時代には、國家權力が社會秩序の破壞者に讓歩をする程危險なことはない。

3. Dōyō shite iru jidai ni wa, kokka kenryoku ga shakai chitsujo no hakaisha ni jōho o suru hodo kiken na koto wa nai.

3. In the age of instability, nothing is more dangerous than for state power to make a concession to the destroyers of the social order.


deimperialize

en-verb

deimperialize (third-person singular simple present deimperializes, present participle deimperializing, simple past and past participle deimperialized)

deimperializes (present singular third-person)
deimperializing (participle present)
deimperialized (participle past)
deimperialized (past)

(political science, transitive) To dismantle or formally end an empire.


absolutizm

(political science, sociology) absolutism (despotism; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; )


inżynieria społeczna

inżynieria społeczna (nominative singular)
inżynierii społecznej (genitive singular)
inżynierii społecznej (dative singular)
inżynierię społeczną (accusative singular)
inżynierią społeczną (instrumental singular)
inżynierii społecznej (locative singular)
inżynierio społeczna (singular vocative)

(political science) social engineering (efforts to influence attitudes and social behaviors on a large scale, in order to produce desired characteristics in a target population)


socjotechnika

pl-noun

socjotechnika f (related adjective socjotechniczny)

socjotechniczny (adjective)
socjotechnika (nominative singular)
socjotechniki (genitive singular)
socjotechnice (dative singular)
socjotechnikę (accusative singular)
socjotechniką (instrumental singular)
socjotechnice (locative singular)
socjotechniko (singular vocative)

(political science) social engineering (study of the ways and results of consciously influencing social reality)


socjotechniczny

pl-adj

socjotechniczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

socjotechniczny (masculine nominative singular)
socjotechniczna (feminine nominative singular)
socjotechniczne (neuter nominative singular)
socjotechniczni (nominative plural virile)
socjotechniczne (nominative plural)
socjotechnicznego (genitive masculine singular)
socjotechnicznej (feminine genitive singular)
socjotechnicznego (genitive neuter singular)
socjotechnicznych (genitive plural)
socjotechnicznych (genitive plural virile)
socjotechnicznemu (dative masculine singular)
socjotechnicznej (dative feminine singular)
socjotechnicznemu (dative neuter singular)
socjotechnicznym (dative plural)
socjotechnicznym (dative plural virile)
socjotechnicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
socjotechniczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
socjotechniczną (accusative feminine singular)
socjotechniczne (accusative neuter singular)
socjotechnicznych (accusative plural virile)
socjotechniczne (accusative plural)
socjotechnicznym (instrumental masculine singular)
socjotechniczną (feminine instrumental singular)
socjotechnicznym (instrumental neuter singular)
socjotechnicznymi (instrumental plural)
socjotechnicznymi (instrumental plural virile)
socjotechnicznym (locative masculine singular)
socjotechnicznej (feminine locative singular)
socjotechnicznym (locative neuter singular)
socjotechnicznych (locative plural)
socjotechnicznych (locative plural virile)

(relational, political science) social engineering (efforts to influence attitudes and social behaviors on a large scale, in order to produce desired characteristics in a target population)

(relational, political science) social engineering (study of the ways and results of consciously influencing social reality)