sfumato

en-noun

sfumato (usually uncountable, plural sfumatos)

From Italian sfumato (“shaded, toned down”).

Another quality which was adopted from Leonardo, and of which the Florentines were especially enamoured, was the ‘sfumato’ system—the imperceptible softening of the transitions in half-tints and shadows.

1869, Charles Lock Eastlake, Materials for a History of Oil Painting, Volume II, Longmans, Green & Co., page 206:

1960, Helmut Ruhemann, Leonardo's Use of Sfumato, in The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 1, British Society of Aesthetics, page 233,
The interpretation of ‘sfumato’ is equally wrong. In ‘sfumato’ there is no blurring of the outlines which delineate the contours of figures and there is no blending or diminution of the definition of forms or for that matter any mellowing of colours.

It could be said that sfumato is less exact than line and that its forms are less precisely defined, but with these apparent omissions comes a sense of atmosphere. By casting its shadow over concrete form, sfumato dissolves it.

1991, Philip Sohm, Pittoresco, Cambridge University Press, page 4:

In baroque painting, sfumato is the blurring of outlines and colors amongst objects, as clouds and mountains, or the sea and the sky. Sfumato allows baroque subjectivity to create the near and the familiar among different intelligibilities, thus making cross-cultural dialogues possible and desirable.

2002, Scott Lash, Mike Featherstone, editors, Recognition and Difference, SAGE Publications, page 200:

2018, Lena Redman, Knowing with New Media, Palgrave Macmillan, Springer Nature, page 234,
No smeared sfumatos—blurred lines and borders—or anaemic chewing of emotions, just forcefully chopped slabs of substance.

2022, Ellen Jones, Robin Myers (translators), Ave Barrera, The Forgery, Charco Press, unnumbered page,
As I was saying, I was worried because my sfumatos didn't look anything like they did in the original.

(art, painting) A painting technique, prominent during the Italian Renaissance, involving the application of subtle layers of translucent paint, blurring the transition between colors, tones and often objects and creating the illusion of depth.


sgraffito

sgraffito (countable and uncountable, plural sgraffiti or sgraffitoes or sgraffitos)

sgraffiti (plural)
sgraffitoes (plural)
sgraffitos (plural)

/sɡɹəˈfiːtəʊ/

Borrowed from Italian sgraffito, from s- (“out”) + graffito (past participle of graffire), ultimately from Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein, “to write or scratch”).

uder

Ciudad Real
Devon
Rattery
sgraffito
tree of life

Through color and tone Byzantine potters gave to sgraffito pottery qualities that go beyond the contrasts possible in metalwork. And the history of the colors in their use on Byzantine sgraffito ware again takes us back to Tang China.

1992, Dēmētra Papanikola-Bakirtzē, Eunice Dauterman Maguire, Henry Maguire, Ceramic Art from Byzantine Serres (Illinois Byzantine Studies; III), Urbana and Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 17:

Sgraffito is a valuable design technique for working with slips[…], but did you know that this technique has other applications? With leather-hard clay you can incise (cut into) the clay surface. […] To make smooth lines in a raw-glazed surface, first cover the area with liquid wax. Then, using any sharp-edged tool, scratch through the wax and into the glaze, pressing deeply enough to reveal the clay body underneath[…]. When the piece is fired, the wax will burn off and the glaze will pull back from the sgraffito scratches to reveal the underlying clay.

2008, Maureen [Elizabeth] Mills, Surface Design for Ceramics, New York, N.Y.: Lark Books, →ISBN, page 100:

Sgraffito is not only weather resistant but also requires less artistic skill than alfresco painting. Although scratch work was used in Germany from the 13th century (e.g. Magdeburg Cathedral, cloisters), true sgraffito developed in Italy and spread from there. Decoration of a plastered façade with simulated regular stonework existed in Florence from the late 13th century, two-tone decorations from the 15th century. The early sgraffito decorations follow on from the medieval practice of using overlay and ornamentation on buildings and reflect the way in which stone is worked.

2012, Colum P. Hourihane, editor, The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, volume I (Aachen to Cecco di Pietro), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 498:

(art, uncountable) A technique in ceramics, art and wall design, where the top layer of pigment or slip is scratched through to reveal an underlying layer.

esgrafiat

technique where the top layer is scratched through to reveal an underlying layer

[I]n the corner room a sitting platform, 3 ft. broad, as well as a large fireplace, were brought to light, while in the hall (E. iii.), open towards the south, the rough plaster surface of the partly well-preserved east wall proved to be covered with sgraffiti both Tibetan and Chinese.

1907, [Marc] Aurel Stein, Ancient Khotan: Detailed Report of Archaeological Explorations in Chinese Turkestan Carried out and Described under the Orders of H. M. Indian Government, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 432:

The few surviving examples of early sgraffiti are thought to be late 14th century and have a mediaeval quality about them. Ugo Procacci points out that the technique of two contrasting colours was seldom used and most of them are pure and simple sgraffiti.

1985, Leonardo Ginori Lisci, The Florentine Palazzi: Their History and Art, volume I, Florence: Giunti Barbera, →OCLC, page 53:

I did murals there as well, designs for windows, bas relief and otherwise, sgraffitoes – a very special technique cut in stucco.

1994, Hilda Kirkwood, Between the Lines, Ottawa: Oberon Press, →ISBN, page 71:

[Josep] Puig [i Cadafalch] wanted to emphasize the ornamentation of the stone window frames of the facade by contrasting it against the white stucco sgraffitos.

2001, Raúl García i Aranzueque, Barcelona and Gaudí: Examples of Modernist Architecture, Spain: Kliczkowski Publications, →ISBN, page 61:

SGRAFFITI. Artwork painted on the exterior of private homes, sgraffiti emerged at the end of the 19th century, when city officials encouraged urban beautification by organizing competitions for decorating house fronts. Several techniques developed; the most common one involves applying a light-colored base to the surface, after which portions of the base are scratched away while still wet, leaving the support medium to show through in displaying a drawing.

2015, Paul F. State, Historical Dictionary of Brussels, 2nd edition, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 389:

(art, countable) An instance or sample of sgraffito.


sgraffito

en-verb

sgraffito (third-person singular simple present sgraffitos or sgraffitoes, present participle sgraffitoing, simple past and past participle sgraffitoed)

sgraffitos (present singular third-person)
sgraffitoes (present singular third-person)
sgraffitoing (participle present)
sgraffitoed (participle past)
sgraffitoed (past)

/sɡɹəˈfiːtəʊ/

Use a ceramic tool or any pointer to sgraffito the lines in the enamel powder.

1972, Ceramics Monthly, volume 20, Columbus, Oh.: Professional Publications, →OCLC, page 31:

A West African woman sgraffitoes a traditional pattern […]

1983, Ceramics Monthly, volume 31, →OCLC, page 5:

The last gasp of the British inscribed-pottery tradition is represented by the "motto wares" that became a specialty of South Devon potteries such as Aller Vale in the late 1800s. Homey and comical sayings, sometimes poetic or in stereotyped West Country dialect, were sgraffitoed on wares for tourists on holiday in the coastal town of Torquay.

1998, John A. Burrison, “Talking Jars: Dave and Larger Traditions of Pot-Poetry”, in Jill Beute Koverman, editor, I Made this Jar ... The Life and Works of the Enslaved African-American Potter, Dave, [Columbia, S.C.]: McKissick Museum, University of South Carolina, →ISBN, page 65:

I paint or pour onto the piece, […] and then use the spaces to play with either trailing, using the slip trailers to flick, or thickly spurt the colours onto the piece, sgraffitoing and painting and using slip trailers in a more restrained fashion to draw with. I think I am guided by intuition or my own response to each piece as I decorate it, rather than by any conscious outside influence.

1999, Michael Eden, Victoria Eden, Slipware: Contemporary Approaches, London: A & C Black; Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 53:

I use a calligraphy pen with a rounded scratch nib and a stylus for my sgraffito work. Deciding when to sgraffito the piece depends on how wet you like the slip. I prefer a leather-hard surface but some potters prefer to sgraffito right after the slip has been applied and others like to sgraffito when the slip is bone dry.

2008, Denise Wilz, “Pennsylvania Redware”, in Anderson Turner, editor, Electric Firing: Creative Techniques (Ceramic Arts Handbook Series), Westerville, Oh.: American Ceramic Society, →ISBN, pages 41–42:

(art) To produce a design using this technique.

esgrafiar

to produce a design using this technique


concrescence

en-noun

concrescence (countable and uncountable, plural concrescences)

(art) The juxtaposing of dissimilar forms or devices that are harmonized at their point of intersection into hybrid transitional shapes or designs.


kovati

kovàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
kovanьje (noun-from-verb)
kovati (infinitive)
kovatъ (supine)
kovalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kovanъ (participle passive past)
kovomъ (participle passive present)
kovavъ (active participle past)
kovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kova (aorist second-person singular)
kova (aorist singular third-person)
kovǫ (first-person present singular)
koveši (present second-person singular)
kovetь (present singular third-person)
kovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kovasta (aorist dual second-person)
kovaste (aorist dual third-person)
kovevě (dual first-person present)
koveta (dual present second-person)
kovete (dual present third-person)
kovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kovaste (aorist plural second-person)
kovašę (aorist plural third-person)
kovemъ (first-person plural present)
kovete (plural present second-person)
kovǫtь (plural present third-person)
kovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kovi (imperative second-person singular)
kovi (imperative singular third-person)
kovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kověvě (dual first-person imperative)
kověta (dual imperative second-person)
kovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kověte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
kovanьje (noun-from-verb)
kovati (infinitive)
kovatъ (supine)
kovalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kovanъ (participle passive past)
kujemъ (participle passive present)
kovavъ (active participle past)
kuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kova (aorist second-person singular)
kova (aorist singular third-person)
kujǫ (first-person present singular)
kuješi (present second-person singular)
kujetь (present singular third-person)
kovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kovasta (aorist dual second-person)
kovaste (aorist dual third-person)
kujevě (dual first-person present)
kujeta (dual present second-person)
kujete (dual present third-person)
kovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kovaste (aorist plural second-person)
kovašę (aorist plural third-person)
kujemъ (first-person plural present)
kujete (plural present second-person)
kujǫtь (plural present third-person)
kovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kuji (imperative second-person singular)
kuji (imperative singular third-person)
kovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kujivě (dual first-person imperative)
kujita (dual imperative second-person)
kovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kujite (imperative plural second-person)
kutьje (noun-from-verb)
kuti (infinitive)
kutъ (supine)
kulъ (l-participle)
kutъ (participle passive past)
kovomъ (participle passive present)
kuvъ (active participle past)
kovy (active participle present)
kuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ku (aorist second-person singular)
ku (aorist singular third-person)
kovǫ (first-person present singular)
koveši (present second-person singular)
kovetь (present singular third-person)
kuxově (aorist dual first-person)
kusta (aorist dual second-person)
kuste (aorist dual third-person)
kovevě (dual first-person present)
koveta (dual present second-person)
kovete (dual present third-person)
kuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kuste (aorist plural second-person)
kušę (aorist plural third-person)
kovemъ (first-person plural present)
kovete (plural present second-person)
kovǫtь (plural present third-person)
kověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kovi (imperative second-person singular)
kovi (imperative singular third-person)
kověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kověvě (dual first-person imperative)
kověta (dual imperative second-person)
kověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kověte (imperative plural second-person)
kutьje (noun-from-verb)
kuti (infinitive)
kutъ (supine)
kulъ (l-participle)
kutъ (participle passive past)
kujemъ (participle passive present)
kuvъ (active participle past)
kuję (active participle present)
kuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ku (aorist second-person singular)
ku (aorist singular third-person)
kujǫ (first-person present singular)
kuješi (present second-person singular)
kujetь (present singular third-person)
kuxově (aorist dual first-person)
kusta (aorist dual second-person)
kuste (aorist dual third-person)
kujevě (dual first-person present)
kujeta (dual present second-person)
kujete (dual present third-person)
kuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kuste (aorist plural second-person)
kušę (aorist plural third-person)
kujemъ (first-person plural present)
kujete (plural present second-person)
kujǫtь (plural present third-person)
kujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kuji (imperative second-person singular)
kuji (imperative singular third-person)
kujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kujivě (dual first-person imperative)
kujita (dual imperative second-person)
kujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kujite (imperative plural second-person)
*kùti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ковати (kovati)

Belarusian: кава́ць (kavácʹ)

Russian: кова́ть (kovátʹ)

Ukrainian: кува́ти (kuváty)

Old Novgorodian: кова́ти (kováti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ковати (kovati)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱁⰲⰰⱅⰹ (kovati)

Bulgarian: кова́ (ková)

Macedonian: кове (kove)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀вати

Latin script: kòvati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: kováti, kúti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kovati

Czech: kout, kovat

Old Polish: kować

Polish: kuć, kować (dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: kôwac

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: ковац (kovac)

Slovak: kovať, kuť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kować

Lower Sorbian: kowaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *kowh₂-, from the root *kewh₂-. Cognate with Lithuanian káuti (“to hew, to beat, to murder”), Latvian kaût (“to fight”), Latin cūdere (“to forge, to beat, to grind”), Old Norse hǫggva (“to hew, to beat”), Old High German houwan (“to hew, to beat”), Old Irish cuad (“to beat, to fight”).


carbon print

It was a small, stuffy, defunct room, of mahogany, and deathly enlargements of photographs of departed people done in carbon.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 10”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

potassium bichromate
potassium bichromate

(photography) an early photographic print made by soaking a carbon tissue in potassium bichromate


henki

henki (nominative singular)
henget (nominative plural)
hengen (genitive singular)
henkiin (genitive plural)
henkilöin (genitive plural)
henkiä (partitive singular)
henkijä (partitive plural)
henkilöjä (partitive plural)
henkee (illative singular)
henkii (illative plural)
henkilöihe (illative plural)
hengees (inessive singular)
hengiis (inessive plural)
henkilöis (inessive plural)
hengest (elative singular)
hengist (elative plural)
henkilöist (elative plural)
hengelle (allative singular)
hengille (allative plural)
henkilöille (allative plural)
hengeel (adessive singular)
hengiil (adessive plural)
henkilöil (adessive plural)
hengelt (ablative singular)
hengilt (ablative plural)
henkilöilt (ablative plural)
hengeks (singular translative)
hengiks (plural translative)
henkilöiks (plural translative)
henkennä (essive singular)
henkeen (essive singular)
henkinnä (essive plural)
henkilöinnä (essive plural)
henkiin (essive plural)
henkilöin (essive plural)
henkent (exessive singular)
henkint (exessive plural)
henkilöint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *henki. Cognates include Finnish henki and Estonian hing.

Siunatut metsät, siunatut puut ja joet, siunatut elokkaat, hyvät ja pahat henget, kuun palvomiin, ƶertvoin toomiin töön alus

1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 104:

Holy forests, holy trees and rivers, holy animals, good and bad spirits, the worship of the moon, the offering before the beginning of a job


surcharge

/ˈsɜː(ɹ)t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)d͡ʒ/

From Middle French surcharge, from Old French. By surface analysis, sur- + charge. Doublet of supercharge.

(art) A painting in lighter enamel over a darker one that serves as the ground.


papu

(folklore) a fantastic creature used to scare children


salama

salama (nominative singular)
salamat (nominative plural)
salama (accusative nominative singular)
salamat (accusative nominative plural)
salaman (accusative genitive singular)
salamat (accusative genitive plural)
salaman (genitive singular)
salamoiden (genitive plural)
salamoitten (genitive plural)
salamain (genitive plural rare)
salamaa (partitive singular)
salamoita (partitive plural)
salamassa (inessive singular)
salamoissa (inessive plural)
salamasta (elative singular)
salamoista (elative plural)
salamaan (illative singular)
salamoihin (illative plural)
salamalla (adessive singular)
salamoilla (adessive plural)
salamalta (ablative singular)
salamoilta (ablative plural)
salamalle (allative singular)
salamoille (allative plural)
salamana (essive singular)
salamoina (essive plural)
salamaksi (singular translative)
salamoiksi (plural translative)
salamatta (abessive singular)
salamoitta (abessive plural)
salamoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
salamani (nominative singular)
salamani (nominative plural)
salamani (accusative nominative singular)
salamani (accusative nominative plural)
salamani (accusative genitive singular)
salamani (accusative genitive plural)
salamani (genitive singular)
salamoideni (genitive plural)
salamoitteni (genitive plural)
salamaini (genitive plural rare)
salamaani (partitive singular)
salamoitani (partitive plural)
salamassani (inessive singular)
salamoissani (inessive plural)
salamastani (elative singular)
salamoistani (elative plural)
salamaani (illative singular)
salamoihini (illative plural)
salamallani (adessive singular)
salamoillani (adessive plural)
salamaltani (ablative singular)
salamoiltani (ablative plural)
salamalleni (allative singular)
salamoilleni (allative plural)
salamanani (essive singular)
salamoinani (essive plural)
salamakseni (singular translative)
salamoikseni (plural translative)
salamattani (abessive singular)
salamoittani (abessive plural)
salamoineni (comitative plural)
salamasi (nominative singular)
salamasi (nominative plural)
salamasi (accusative nominative singular)
salamasi (accusative nominative plural)
salamasi (accusative genitive singular)
salamasi (accusative genitive plural)
salamasi (genitive singular)
salamoidesi (genitive plural)
salamoittesi (genitive plural)
salamaisi (genitive plural rare)
salamaasi (partitive singular)
salamoitasi (partitive plural)
salamassasi (inessive singular)
salamoissasi (inessive plural)
salamastasi (elative singular)
salamoistasi (elative plural)
salamaasi (illative singular)
salamoihisi (illative plural)
salamallasi (adessive singular)
salamoillasi (adessive plural)
salamaltasi (ablative singular)
salamoiltasi (ablative plural)
salamallesi (allative singular)
salamoillesi (allative plural)
salamanasi (essive singular)
salamoinasi (essive plural)
salamaksesi (singular translative)
salamoiksesi (plural translative)
salamattasi (abessive singular)
salamoittasi (abessive plural)
salamoinesi (comitative plural)
salamamme (nominative singular)
salamamme (nominative plural)
salamamme (accusative nominative singular)
salamamme (accusative nominative plural)
salamamme (accusative genitive singular)
salamamme (accusative genitive plural)
salamamme (genitive singular)
salamoidemme (genitive plural)
salamoittemme (genitive plural)
salamaimme (genitive plural rare)
salamaamme (partitive singular)
salamoitamme (partitive plural)
salamassamme (inessive singular)
salamoissamme (inessive plural)
salamastamme (elative singular)
salamoistamme (elative plural)
salamaamme (illative singular)
salamoihimme (illative plural)
salamallamme (adessive singular)
salamoillamme (adessive plural)
salamaltamme (ablative singular)
salamoiltamme (ablative plural)
salamallemme (allative singular)
salamoillemme (allative plural)
salamanamme (essive singular)
salamoinamme (essive plural)
salamaksemme (singular translative)
salamoiksemme (plural translative)
salamattamme (abessive singular)
salamoittamme (abessive plural)
salamoinemme (comitative plural)
salamanne (nominative singular)
salamanne (nominative plural)
salamanne (accusative nominative singular)
salamanne (accusative nominative plural)
salamanne (accusative genitive singular)
salamanne (accusative genitive plural)
salamanne (genitive singular)
salamoidenne (genitive plural)
salamoittenne (genitive plural)
salamainne (genitive plural rare)
salamaanne (partitive singular)
salamoitanne (partitive plural)
salamassanne (inessive singular)
salamoissanne (inessive plural)
salamastanne (elative singular)
salamoistanne (elative plural)
salamaanne (illative singular)
salamoihinne (illative plural)
salamallanne (adessive singular)
salamoillanne (adessive plural)
salamaltanne (ablative singular)
salamoiltanne (ablative plural)
salamallenne (allative singular)
salamoillenne (allative plural)
salamananne (essive singular)
salamoinanne (essive plural)
salamaksenne (singular translative)
salamoiksenne (plural translative)
salamattanne (abessive singular)
salamoittanne (abessive plural)
salamoinenne (comitative plural)
salamansa (nominative singular)
salamansa (nominative plural)
salamansa (accusative nominative singular)
salamansa (accusative nominative plural)
salamansa (accusative genitive singular)
salamansa (accusative genitive plural)
salamansa (genitive singular)
salamoidensa (genitive plural)
salamoittensa (genitive plural)
salamainsa (genitive plural rare)
salamaansa (partitive singular)
salamoitaan (partitive plural)
salamoitansa (partitive plural)
salamassaan (inessive singular)
salamassansa (inessive singular)
salamoissaan (inessive plural)
salamoissansa (inessive plural)
salamastaan (elative singular)
salamastansa (elative singular)
salamoistaan (elative plural)
salamoistansa (elative plural)
salamaansa (illative singular)
salamoihinsa (illative plural)
salamallaan (adessive singular)
salamallansa (adessive singular)
salamoillaan (adessive plural)
salamoillansa (adessive plural)
salamaltaan (ablative singular)
salamaltansa (ablative singular)
salamoiltaan (ablative plural)
salamoiltansa (ablative plural)
salamalleen (allative singular)
salamallensa (allative singular)
salamoilleen (allative plural)
salamoillensa (allative plural)
salamanaan (essive singular)
salamanansa (essive singular)
salamoinaan (essive plural)
salamoinansa (essive plural)
salamakseen (singular translative)
salamaksensa (singular translative)
salamoikseen (plural translative)
salamoiksensa (plural translative)
salamattaan (abessive singular)
salamattansa (abessive singular)
salamoittaan (abessive plural)
salamoittansa (abessive plural)
salamoineen (comitative plural)
salamoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈs̠ɑ̝lɑ̝mɑ̝]

From Proto-Finnic *salama, from Proto-Uralic *śala. Cognates include Southern Khanty сӑт (săt) and Eastern Mansi са̄л (sāl).


naturalism

en-noun

naturalism (countable and uncountable, plural naturalisms)

From natural + -ism. Compare French naturalisme.

More perfect than all in design and technique is a relief of a goat suckling her young, characterised, as it is, not only by naturalism, but also, as Mr. Evans claims, "by a certain ideal dignity and balance."

1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 21:

(art) A movement in theatre, film, and literature that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as romanticism, surrealism, or abstract art, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic or idealistic treatment.


bullseye

bullseyes (plural)
bull's-eye (alternative)
bull's eye (alternative)

→ German: Bullauge (calque)

→ Esperanto: bovokulo (calque)

From bull's + eye. May have come from the practice of English archers shooting an arrow through the eye socket of a bull's skull as a test of skill. The connection to philately comes from the shape of the key plate or vignette.

(glassblowing) The mark left on a glass piece from its attachment to a punty.


ripsaw

ripsaw (countable and uncountable, plural ripsaws)

A ripsaw will slice smoothly along the grain, but chew up the wood if it goes against the grain.

2001, Percival Everett, Erasure, Faber & Faber Limited (2021), pages 4-5:

(woodworking) A saw that is designed to cut wood along its grain, i.e. to rip, to execute a rip cut.


SSS

subsurface scattering
w:subsurface scattering

(computer graphics, art) Initialism of subsurface scattering.


algraphy

From aluminium + -graphy by analogy with lithography or zincography.

"Process" is well to the fore, a design in colours from line blocks adorns the front cover, there are no less than seven examples of trichromotypography, various samples of half-tone with additional workings, three fine specimens of photogravure, a multi-colour subject, a collotype, a chromolithograph, examples respectively of algraphy, "granotype," Sprague's ink photo process, some twelve specimens of Johnstonia steel engraving and Johnston die press work, a very practical series of Linotype work—newspaper setting, book, magazine and jobbing work—an exeedingly interesting set, one or two type displays of little note, and some O.S. type specimens.

1901, The British Printer, volume 14, page 193:

(photography) An early photographic technique, similar to zincography or lithography, using paper impregnated with an aluminium salt.


dovetail

dovetails (plural)
dove-tail (alternative)
dufftail (alternative)

The noun is derived from dove + tail. The verb is derived from the noun.

[T]heſe muſt be joined at Bottom to the Piles by a ſtrong Dove-tail, and the Piles joined vvith Braces; […]

1733, Philip Miller, “WINE-PRESS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:

With a warding file cut a dovetail on each of the ends to be joined, as shown by Fig. 1.

1900, “Brazing Keys”, in Paul N[ooncree] Hasluck, editor, Cassell’s Cyclopædia of Mechanics […] (First Series), London, Paris: Cassell and Company, […], →OCLC, page 311, column 1:

After marking out the pins on the drawer sides, we proceed with the next operation, that is, sawing the dovetails ready for chopping out the waste material.

[1921], [William Fairham], “The Dovetail Joint”, in Woodwork Joints: How They are Set Out, How Made and Where Used; […], Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC, page 123:

DOVETAIL joints, well known for their strength, have long been used in fine cabinet work. Nowadays they are frequently displaced by other types of joints that are easier to make with power tools, but where a self-locking joint is needed for use without glue, the dovetail is unsurpassed.

1944 April, Edwin M. Love, “Handmade Dovetails”, in Charles McLendon, editor, The Popular Science Monthly, volume 144, number 4, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 151, column 1:

(chiefly woodworking, often attributively)

In full dovetail joint: a type of joint where adjoining components are fastened by multiple tenons cut into wedge shapes resembling a dove's tail, which interlock with mortises having corresponding shapes.

تَعْشِيقَة

type of joint where adjoining components are fastened by multiple tenons cut into wedge shapes resembling a dove’s tail, which interlock with mortises having corresponding shapes

A tenon cut into a wedge shape resembling a dove's tail so that it interlocks with a mortise having a corresponding shape in a dovetail joint.


dovetail

en-verb

dovetail (third-person singular simple present dovetails, present participle dovetailing, simple past and past participle dovetailed)

dovetails (present singular third-person)
dovetailing (participle present)
dovetailed (participle past)
dovetailed (past)
dove-tail (alternative)

[T]heſe Piles ought to be placed contrary to the Stillings, vvhich ſurround or croſs them every three Feet, and Dove-tail'd into the ſquare Supporters; […]

1733, Philip Miller, “WINE-PRESS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 2:

In house-building it is further forbidden [by Sultan Muhammed Shah] to dovetail or make the ends of the timbers (e.g. of the roof) fit accurately together, and also to build two verandahs, one on each side of the house, with their floors on a level with the floor of the main building; if two verandahs are used, the floor of one must be lower than that of the main building (kelek anak).

1900, Walter William Skeat, “Man and His Place in the Universe”, in Malay Magic: Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, footnote 1, page 33:

(chiefly woodworking) To unite (components) with a dovetail (noun sense 2.1) or similar joint.

عَشَّقَ

to unite (components) with a dovetail or similar joint


cauchemar

(folklore) A demon or witch in French folklore that drains a sleeping person's energy by night.


Madonna

Madonna (nominative singular)
Madonny (nominative plural)
Madonny (genitive singular)
Madonn (genitive plural)
Madonnie (dative singular)
Madonnom (dative plural)
Madonnę (accusative singular)
Madonny (accusative plural)
Madonną (instrumental singular)
Madonnami (instrumental plural)
Madonnie (locative singular)
Madonnach (locative plural)
Madonno (singular vocative)
Madonny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Madonna, from Latin mea domina.

(art, Christianity) artistic depiction of Mary with the infant Jesus


hot shoe

(photography) A fixture on a camera to which a separate flash unit may be attached, equipped with an electrical connection which transmits the firing signal from the camera to the flash.


Sattel

de-noun

Sattel m (strong, genitive Sattels, plural Sättel)

Sattels (genitive)
Sättel (plural)
Sattel (nominative singular)
Sättel (definite nominative plural)
Sattels (genitive singular)
Sättel (definite genitive plural)
Sattel (dative singular)
Sätteln (dative definite plural)
Sattel (accusative singular)
Sättel (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German satel, from Old High German satal, from Proto-West Germanic *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz. Cognate with Old Norse sǫðull, Old English sadol, Dutch zadel, English saddle.

(music, lutherie) nut of a string instrument (supporting strings at the head end)


Stich

Stich m (strong, genitive Stiches or Stichs, plural Stiche)

Stiches (genitive)
Stichs (genitive)
Stiche (plural)
Stich (nominative singular)
Stiche (definite nominative plural)
Stiches (genitive singular)
Stichs (genitive singular)
Stiche (definite genitive plural)
Stich (dative singular)
Stiche (dative singular)
Stichen (dative definite plural)
Stich (accusative singular)
Stiche (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German stich, from Old High German stih, from Proto-West Germanic *stiki (“puncture, prick”).
Cognate with Dutch steek (“prick, stitch”), English stitch (“needlework”), Old English stician (“stick, stab, pierce, prick”).


stallo

stallo m (definite singular stalloen, indefinite plural stalloer, definite plural stalloene)

stalloen (definite singular)
stalloer (indefinite plural)
stalloene (definite plural)

From Northern Sami stállu, from Proto-Samic *(s)tālō.

(folklore) a stallo (A humanoid malignant being known from Sami folklore.)


stallo

stallo m (definite singular stalloen, indefinite plural stalloar, definite plural stalloane)

stalloen (definite singular)
stalloar (indefinite plural)
stalloane (definite plural)


graal

graal (indefinite nominative singular)
graals (genitive indefinite singular)
graalen (definite nominative singular)
graalens (definite genitive singular)
graalar (indefinite nominative plural)
graalars (genitive indefinite plural)
graalarna (definite nominative plural)
graalarnas (definite genitive plural)

(glassblowing) a glass vase with two or more color layers, which are set together into a picture or ornament


phylactery

phylacteries (plural)
philactery (alternative)
philactory (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-philactory.wav

Bernhard Strigel
Jesus
Moses
Saint Anne
Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

From Late Middle English philacterie, philaterie, filaterie (“amulet; tefilla; balderdash, idle words”), from Late Latin phylacterium (“amulet; reliquary; tefilla”), from Koine Greek φῠλᾰκτήρῐον (phŭlăktḗrĭon, “amulet; tefilla”) (used in the New Testament to translate Hebrew תפילין (“tefillin”)), from Ancient Greek φῠλᾰκτήρῐον (phŭlăktḗrĭon, “fortified outpost, watchman’s post; protection, safeguard”), from φυλακτήρ (phulaktḗr, “guard, watcher”) + -ῐον (-ĭon, suffix forming nouns). Φυλακτήρ (Phulaktḗr) is derived from φυλακ- (phulak-) (the stem of φῠλᾰ́σσω (phŭlắssō, “to guard, watch; to defend, protect”)) + -τήρ (-tḗr, suffix forming masculine agent nouns); and φῠλᾰ́σσω (phŭlắssō) from φῠ́λᾰξ (phŭ́lăx, “guard, sentry”), probably Pre-Greek. The spelling of the Middle English word was probably influenced by Middle French filatiere, philaterie, philatiere, and Old French filatiere, philatiere (“amulet; reliquary; tefilla”) (modern French phylactère), also from phylacterium.
Sense 1.2 (“fringe which an Israelite was required to wear”) was based on the mistaken assumption that the phylacteries (sense 1.1) referred to in Matthew 23:5 of the Bible were the same as the fringes mentioned in Numbers 15:37–39.

ref

From the collection of the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid, Spain.

պահպանակ

either of two small leather cases containing scrolls with passages from the Torah

filacteri

synonym of amulet (cognates) — see also amulet

filacteri

scroll with words on it depicted as emerging from a person’s mouth or held in their hands — see also banderole, speech scroll

klaf

parchment used in Jewish ritual contexts

mezuzah

parchment scroll of Torah verses in a decorative container

[T]o bear on their faces, as plainly as on a phylactery, the inscription, "Do, pray, look at the coronet on my panels;" […]

1872 September – 1873 July, Thomas Hardy, “‘We Frolic while ’tis May’”, in A Pair of Blue Eyes. […], volume II, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], published 1873, →OCLC, pages 7–8:

The sun coming in through the rose window in the south transept made the phylactery which the angel bore glow like a topaz, and gilded the hermit's bald head, while it turned the ciborium below into shining gold.

1931 July, John Buchan, “In which Peter is Introduced to Fortune”, in The Blanket of the Dark, London; Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons, published September 1933, →OCLC, page 38:

Just as phylacteries became more commonplace in prints in the 17th century, there was a growing aversion for the use of phylacteries in paintings. […] Devils and corrupt politicians were more likely seen to speak using phylacteries, whereas virtuous characters were more often depicted as silent.

2011, Robert S. Petersen, “Popular Prints and Caricature”, in Comics, Manga, and Graphic Novels: A History of Graphic Narratives, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 28:

That the inscribed rolls (also referred to as phylacteries, ribbons, banderoles, or scrolls) depicted in, for example, manuscript illuminations are signs of a residual orality that would work much like a speech balloon is an interpretation challenged not only by codicolgical and diplomatic evidence, however scant, but further by the use of hands in the iconography of the period.

2013, Ana M[aría] Gómez-Bravo, “The Hands Have It”, in Textual Agency: Writing Culture and Social Networks in Fifteenth-century Spain (Toronto Iberic), Toronto, Ont.; Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press, →ISBN, page 80:

On the other hand, the pseudo-dialogues inside the phylacteries introduce an ironic tone in narrative strips like [Francis] Barlow's, but they are not a means of dramatization; it is as if the characters, instead of talking to each other, were talking to the reader in order to state their intentions, make witty comments, or explain the situation.

2015, Roberto Bartual Moreno, “The Origins of Graphic Narrative in Popular Culture”, in Julio Cañero, Esther Claudio, editors, On the Edge of the Panel: Essays on Comics Criticism, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, part I (What is a Comic? Origins and Definitions), page 38:

(art, historical) A scroll with words on it depicted as emerging from a person's mouth or held in their hands, indicating what they are singing or speaking; a banderole, a speech scroll.

Here is the phylactery of his [John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford's] vices—wily, wary, cold, calculating, indirect, faithless. In act, treacherous and cruel.

1863, Charles Cowden Clarke, “Henry IV”, in Shakespeare-characters; Chiefly those Subordinate, London: Smith, Elder, & Co.; Edinburgh: James Nichol, →OCLC, page 423:


duster

desc

→ Cebuano: daster (“type of loose dress worn at home”)

→ Indonesian: daster (“type of loose dress worn at home”)

→ Tagalog: daster (“type of loose dress worn at home”)

(papermaking) A revolving wire-cloth cylinder which removes the dust from rags, etc.


amorino

(art) A cupid (a putto, commonly with bow and arrow, representing love).


redcap

redcaps (plural)
red cap (alternative)
red-cap (alternative)

From red + cap.
In sense of "porter", 1890s US; compare contemporary Japanese 赤帽 (akabou), Chinese 小紅帽 /小红帽 (Xiǎo Hóng Mào). On Labor Day, 1890, John Williams, an African-American railway porter, tied a red ribbon to his black uniform cap to stand out from the crowd at Grand Central Terminal. The strategy was so successful that it was soon adopted by others in the profession, leading to the synecdochic use of redcap as a term for all railway porters.

1876: Porter & Coates (pub.), Reliques of Ancient English Poetry
Lord Soulis he sat in Hermitage Castle,
And beside him Old Redcap sly; —
"Now, tell me, thou sprite, who are meikle of might,
The death that I must die?"

"What's a Brownie?" you say. Oh, it's a kind of a sort of a Bogle, but it isn't so cruel as a Redcap! What! you don't know what's a Bogle or a Redcap!

1890, Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales:

[…] the goblin had aroused the mercenary's ire. This seemed to bring out a formidable and hitherto unrecognized talent in the taciturn young man.
"Why cam' ye by my door?" The redcap brandished his pikestaff menacingly.
Redcap - A malevolent goblin easily distinguishable by their namesake red cap, fiery red eyes, claws and iron boots. They often appear as little old men, but can run very fast despite the boots. They reside in castles and watchtowers along the English-Scottish border, but will move their residence to avoid detection. They have sharp eagle’s talons which they use for weapons, but can easily be repelled simply by reading holy verse. http://www.vf11.com/legendsofvalhal/legendsofvalhal-post-814.html

2002, Cecilia Dart-Thornton, The Ill-Made Mute: The Bitterbynde:

After boggarts, they studied Red Caps, nasty little goblinlike creatures that lurked where there had been bloodshed […]

1999 July 8, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Harry Potter; 3), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

(British, folklore) A type of evil goblin or imp.


lau

láû (canonical)
lauo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
lawu (alternative)

From Sanskrit राहु (rāhu, “Rāhu”). Compare Tagalog laho.

(folklore, obsolete) eclipse monster that devours the moon


mác

vi-noun

(classifier cái, cây) mác • (𢨃, 鏌, 鉳, 博)

cái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𢨃 (CJK)
鏌 (CJK)
鉳 (CJK)
博 (CJK)

Attested as mlác in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

(calligraphy) kind of stroke that falls downwards towards the right (㇏)


putto

en-noun

putto (plural putti or (rare) puttos or (rare) puttoes)

putti (plural)
puttos (plural rare)
puttoes (plural rare)

Borrowed from Italian putto (“cupid, putto; boy”), from Latin putus (“boy”), a variant of pūsus (“(little) boy”), from puer (“boy, lad; child”), from Proto-Italic *puweros, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”).
The plural form putti is also borrowed from Italian putti.

der

There is in the porch of the present church a tablet to Luke Flood (died 1818) which has much the appearance of having been made up of portions of earlier monuments. It is surmounted by a bas-relief of a winged boy holding an inverted torch. But not only is he a baby putto, not a youth, and without an urn, but the style and execution scarcely seem worthy of [Thomas] Banks even when not at his best.

1938, “1788: Piety Weeping at the Tomb of Benevolence, a Model of a Monument to be Erected in Whitechapel Church, to the Memory of Dr [Robert] Markham the Late Rector, at the Expence of His Parishioners”, in C[harles] F[rancis] Bell, editor, Annals of Thomas Banks, Sculptor, Royal Academician: […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: At the University Press, →OCLC, page 72:

The Carmelite scapulars held by the putto and young male saint on the right indicate that the altarpiece was intended for a church of the Carmelite order.

1971, Jacob Bean, Felice Stampfle, “Oil Sketches by 18th Century Italian Artists from New York Collections [GIOVANNI BATTISTA PITTONI [...] 22. The Crucifixion.]”, in The Eighteenth Century in Italy (Drawings from New York Collections; III), New York, N.Y.: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Pierpont Morgan Library, →ISBN, page 333:

A second putto with a gallows in its hand cries at the judge's feet.

1973, “Analysis of Beauty: Etched and Engraved from Drawings, March 1753 [84: Plate I: Third State]”, in Sean Shesgreen, editor, Engravings by Hogarth: 101 Prints, New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, →ISBN, column 1:

In The Youth of Bacchus (illus. 51) [by Nicolas Poussin], a painting produced before 1630, the figures are arranged in a triangle. The young Bacchus is at the top, the putti lying on the ground and the feet of the sitting figures mark the base-line and the lower corner, while the sides are designated by the nymphs and satyrs.

1990, Oskar Bätschmann, “Deliverance – Destruction”, in Nicolas Poussin: Dialectics of Painting, London: Reaktion Books, →ISBN, part I, page 62:

The picture shows a putto who has just blown bubbles through a clay tube. He holds a scallop shell of soapy water and leans against a skull. [...] In picture and verse the imagery echoes classical and biblical metaphors for the brevity of a man's life. The fresh flower is in contrast to the dying tree like the putto as childhood innocence is opposed by the death's head.

1990, Kristine Koozin, “The Vanitas Still Life”, in The Vanitas Still Lifes of Harmen Steenwyck: Metaphoric Realism (Renaissance Studies; 1), Lewiston, N.Y., Queenston, Ont.: Edwin Mellen Press, →ISBN, page 25:

The walls [of Naples Cathedral] have ranks of white marble niches capped by huge marble scallops, and flanked by urns and flowers, drapes and putti.

2004, Richard [Alan] Fortey, “Up and Down”, in The Earth: An Intimate History, London: HarperCollins, →ISBN; Earth: An Intimate Portrait, 1st Vintage Books edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, November 2005, →ISBN, page 15:

Whatever the case, the evangelical animals are appreciably larger than the puttos of the painting. The animals gaze upward, their mouths gaping. They are cawing, bellowing, roaring out the Gospel. [...] Only the attendant puttos seem to be taking the divine afflatus or descent in stride.

2005, David Farrell Krell, “God’s Footstool”, in The Tragic Absolute: German Idealism and the Languishing of God, Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana University Press, →ISBN, page 160:

A Galatea with Triton, 5 puttoes and 5 other figures, painted frame in fake marble and gilded, 12 palmi in height, copy of Raphael made by Caracci.

2018, Claudia La Malfa, “Copies of Raphael’s Mythological Paintings in the Collection of Cardinal Ludovisi”, in Maddalena Bellavitis, editor, Making Copies in European Art 1400–1600: Shifting Tastes, Modes of Transmission, and Changing Contexts (Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History; 286; Brill’s Studies on Art, Art History, and Intellectual History; 30), Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 347:

(art) A representation, especially in Renaissance or Baroque art, of a small, naked, often winged (usually male) child; a cherub.

пу́та

representation of a small, naked, often winged child


putto

→ English: putto

From Latin pūtus. Compare Spanish puto (“child”), Portuguese puto (“child”).


putto

putto n or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
putto (nominative singular)
putta (nominative plural)
putta (genitive singular)
putt (genitive plural)
puttu (dative singular)
puttom (dative plural)
putto (accusative singular)
putta (accusative plural)
puttem (instrumental singular)
puttami (instrumental plural)
putcie (locative singular)
puttach (locative plural)
putto (singular vocative)
putta (plural vocative)
putto (nominative singular)
putty (nominative plural)
putta (genitive singular)
puttów (genitive plural)
puttowi (dative singular)
puttom (dative plural)
putta (accusative singular)
putty (accusative plural)
puttem (instrumental singular)
puttami (instrumental plural)
putcie (locative singular)
puttach (locative plural)
putcie (singular vocative)
putty (plural vocative)


putto

putti (plural)
putto (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
puttoul (accusative definite nominative singular)
putti (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
puttile (accusative definite nominative plural)
putto (indefinite singular)
puttoului (definite singular)
putti (indefinite plural)
puttilor (definite plural)
puttoule (singular vocative)
puttilor (plural vocative)


nimbo

(art) nimbus (luminous disc around the heads of saints)


mandrake

en-noun

mandrake (countable and uncountable, plural mandrakes)

From Middle English mandrake, mandroke, an alteration of mandragora with the ending -dragora reinterpreted as related to dragon and replaced with native drake, from Old English mandragora, from Medieval Latin mandragorās.

(folklore) A kind of tiny demon immune to fire.


volute

From French volute, from Italian voluta, from Latin volūta, from the feminine of volūtus, perfect passive participle of volvō. Doublet of vault.


volute

(music, lutherie) scroll (of a musical instrument)


rå

rå f (definite singular råa, indefinite plural råer, definite plural råene)

råa (definite singular)
råer (indefinite plural)
råene (definite plural)


negativo

Learned borrowing from Latin negātīvus. By surface analysis, negar + -tivo.


Akt

de-noun

Akt m (strong, genitive Aktes or Akts, plural Akte)

Aktes (genitive)
Akts (genitive)
Akte (plural)
Akt (nominative singular)
Akte (definite nominative plural)
Aktes (genitive singular)
Akts (genitive singular)
Akte (definite genitive plural)
Akt (dative singular)
Akte (dative singular)
Akten (dative definite plural)
Akt (accusative singular)
Akte (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Latin āctus. The artistic sense derives from the 19th century practice of sketching models carrying out actions, for which the models would usually be nude.

(art, painting) nude; artwork of a naked person


neorealist

en-adj

neorealist (comparative more neorealist, superlative most neorealist)

more neorealist (comparative)
most neorealist (superlative)

(art) Of or pertaining to the neorealism movement in art, which emerged in Britain around 1914


sombra

sombras (plural)
sóma (alternative literary proscribed)
sôma (alternative literary proscribed)

From Old Galician-Portuguese soonbra, perhaps from Latin sub (“under”) + umbra (“shadow”).


sombra

Possibly from the verb sombrar (from Vulgar Latin *subumbrāre), or more likely from Latin umbra (“shade, shadow”), possibly altered by influence from sol (“sun”) (cf. Old Spanish solombra (literally “sunshade”)) or the Latin prefix sub-. An alternative explanation for this form is a Latin construction sub illa umbra (“under that shade”).

inh

quien a buen árbol se arrima, buena sombra le cobija

(art) shade (a color obtained by adding black)


Berlin green

en-noun

Berlin green (countable and uncountable, plural Berlin greens)

(art) A color of oil paint thought to resemble the color of the chemical.


middle ground

middle ground (countable and uncountable, plural middle grounds)

middle grounds (plural)
middle-ground (alternative)


古風

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kou⁵²⁻³⁵ hoŋ³³/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kou⁵²⁻³⁵ hoŋ³³/

(art) "ancient-style": with central elements modeled on ancient Han culture (dress, instruments, etc.)


assemblage

assemblage (countable and uncountable, plural assemblages)

Borrowed from French assemblage. By surface analysis, assemble + -age.

(art) A visual art form similar to collage, which combines two-dimensional and three-dimensional, often found, elements into works of art.


grayscale

grayscale (countable and uncountable, plural grayscales)

grayscales (plural)
greyscale (alternative)
gray-scale (alternative)
grey-scale (alternative)
gray scale (alternative)
grey scale (alternative)

(photography) A printed strip of graduated tones used to check exposure and development times.


glazing

glazing (countable and uncountable, plural glazings)

Inherited from Middle English glasynge; equivalent to glaze + -ing.

(art) Semi-transparent colours painted thinly over others to modify the effect.


hatching

hatching (countable and uncountable, plural hatchings)

(art, drawing, drafting) A method of shading areas of a drawing or diagram with fine parallel lines.


lapping

lapping (countable and uncountable, plural lappings)

From Middle English lapping, lappyng, lappinge, equivalent to lap + -ing.

(lutherie) Lengths of fine silk, metal wire, or whalebone wrapped tightly around the stick of the bow of a string instrument adjacent to the leather part of the bow grip at the heel.


ζῷον

grc-noun

ζῷον • (zôion) n (genitive ζῴου); second declension

zôion (romanization)
ζῴου (genitive)
τὸ ζῷον (nominative singular)
ζῴω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ζῷᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ζῴου (genitive singular)
ζῴοιν (dual genitive)
ζῴων (genitive plural)
τῷ ζῴῳ (dative singular)
ζῴοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ζῴοις (dative plural)
τὸ ζῷον (accusative singular)
ζῴω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ζῷᾰ (accusative plural)
ζῷον (singular vocative)
ζῴω (dual vocative)
ζῷᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: ζώο (zóo)

→ Coptic: ⲍⲱⲟⲛ (zōon)

→ English: zoon, zoo-, zo-, -zoic

→ Russian: зоо- (zoo-)

⇒ Translingual: Mycetozoa (taxonomic infraphylum)

From Proto-Hellenic *ďṓyyon, from Pre-Hellenic *gʷyōwyon, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷyeh₃w-y-om, from *gʷíh₃weti (“to live”). Cognate with βίος (bíos, “life”). Compare Avestan 𐬘𐬫𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (jyāⁱti), Proto-Slavic *gojь (“life”), Old Armenian կեամ (keam).


óleo

Learned borrowing from Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), replacing the semi-learned form oyo (13ᵗʰ century, Cantigas de Santa Maria).


genio

Borrowed from French génie, of Latin influence but based on Arabic جِنّ (jinn).

(folklore, mythology, fantasy) jinn, genie


amoretto

An Italian diminutive of Amore, the god of love.

1622, Henry Peacham, The Compleat Gentleman, London: Francis Constable, Chapter 12, “Andreas Orgagna,” p. 131,
One of his best peeces he wrought in Pisa, which was all sorts of worldly and sensuall Epicures, rioting and banquetting vnder the shaddow of an Orenge tree, within the branches and bowes whereof, sly little Amorettos or Cupids, shooting at sundry Ladies lasciuiously dancing and dallying amongst them […]

[…] a golden Eden of Joy, of bliss and marital raptures surrounded by choiring throngs of rosy amoretti […]

1936, Jeffery Farnol, chapter 8, in A Pageant of Victory, London: Sampson Low, Marston:

He was enchanted by the architecture of the city. Merry amoretti wove garlands above windows.

1969, Kurt Vonnegut, chapter 6, in Slaughterhouse-Five, New York: Dial, published 2005, page 192:

(art) A cupid or putto (representation of a naked baby or small child, often with wings).


photo finishing

(photography) All commercial aspects of the processing of photographs apart from simple developing and printing.


piling

[ˈpʰaɪ̯ɫlɪŋ]

(ironworking) The process of building up, heating, and working fagots or piles to form bars, etc.


adoptable

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-adoptable.wav

Alternative form: (informal) adopt

(art) A character designed by an artist that one can claim ownership of.


enlarger

(photography) An optical device used to make enlarged prints from a photographic negative


photofinishing

Berkey, a competitor in photofinishing, alleged violations of §2 arising from Kodak's failure to predisclose the nature of the new film, which would have given it time to adapt to the new requirements.

2021, Phillip E. Areeda, Louis Kaplow, Aaron S. Edlin, Antitrust Analysis: Problems, Text, and Cases, page 412:

(photography) The commercial developing and printing of photographs


photoflash

(photography) A lamp that emits a brief flash of bright light; used to take photographs in a dark environment


photoflood

(photography) A lamp that produces a broad beam of continuous bright light; used to illuminate a photographic subject


photofluorogram

(photography) A photograph made by photofluorography


photofluorography

(medicine, photography) The photographic recording of fluoroscope images


photomacrography

(photography) The photography of small objects, at close range, using a macro lens.

photomacrographie

photography of small objects at close range


macro lens

(photography) A lens that allows a camera to focus at very close range to photograph small objects.


photomicrograph

Coordinate term: electron micrograph

(photography) A photograph taken using a microscope.


photomicrography

(photography) Photography using a microscope.


photomontage

en-noun

photomontage (countable and uncountable, plural photomontages)

(photography) A composite image combining two or more photographs.

(photography) The art of constructing such images.


photomosaic

(photography) A composite image made of individual photographs, normally of the same shape and size, placed together in order to show a panoramic view etc.

fótamósáic

composite image made of individual photographs placed together


photoreconnaissance

(photography) The making of aerial photographs as a means of military reconnaissance, especially of potential targets.


aureola

aureolka (diminutive)
aureola (nominative singular)
aureole (nominative plural)
aureoli (genitive singular)
aureoli (genitive plural)
aureoli (dative singular)
aureolom (dative plural)
aureolę (accusative singular)
aureole (accusative plural)
aureolą (instrumental singular)
aureolami (instrumental plural)
aureoli (locative singular)
aureolach (locative plural)
aureolo (singular vocative)
aureole (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin aureola corōna.

lbor

(art, Christianity) aureole, glory, halo, nimbus (luminous disc around the heads of saints in sacred art)


endmill

(metalworking) A type of milling machine: a cutter (cutting tool used in machining) with cutting edges on both the end and sides.


پل

پُل (canonical)
pol (romanization)
پلها (plural)

→ Bengali: পুল (pul)

→ Gujarati: પુલ (pul)

→ Romani: phurt

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭫𐭩 (puhl, “bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”) (compare English ford, German Furt, and Latin portus).


nimb

nimb (nominative singular)
nimby (nominative plural)
nimbu (genitive singular)
nimbów (genitive plural)
nimbowi (dative singular)
nimbom (dative plural)
nimb (accusative singular)
nimby (accusative plural)
nimbem (instrumental singular)
nimbami (instrumental plural)
nimbie (locative singular)
nimbach (locative plural)
nimbie (singular vocative)
nimby (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French nimbe or Italian nimbo, from Latin nimbus, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.


animator

animators (plural)
animater (alternative obsolete)

From Latin animātor. By surface analysis, animate + -or. Piecewise doublet of animateur.

In recent years, animators using computer rendering have largely superseded artists working by hand.

(art) One who creates an animation or cartoon; a cartoonist.


animator

head

animator c (singular definite animatoren, plural indefinite animatorer)

animatoren (definite singular)
animatorer (indefinite plural)
animator (indefinite nominative singular)
animatoren (definite nominative singular)
animatorer (indefinite nominative plural)
animatorerne (definite nominative plural)
animators (genitive indefinite singular)
animatorens (definite genitive singular)
animatorers (genitive indefinite plural)
animatorernes (definite genitive plural)


animator

nl-noun

animator m (plural animatoren, diminutive animatortje n)

animatoren (plural)
animatortje (diminutive neuter)


animator

Borrowed from English animator. Doublet of animater.

(art) animator, cartoonist: one who creates an animation or cartoon


exposure meter

(photography) An instrument that measures the intensity of the light reflected from or falling on a subject, and calculates the optimum exposure depending on the film speed.


film speed

(photography) A measure of a film's sensitivity to light; faster films needing shorter exposures


sensitometer

(photography) An instrument used to measure the sensitivity of photographic film to light.


Platte

de-noun

Platte f (genitive Platte, plural Platten)

Platte (genitive)
Platten (plural)
Platte (nominative singular)
Platten (definite nominative plural)
Platte (genitive singular)
Platten (definite genitive plural)
Platte (dative singular)
Platten (dative definite plural)
Platte (accusative singular)
Platten (accusative definite plural)

→ Czech: plát

→ Kashubian: plata

From Middle High German plate, from late Old High German platta, from Vulgar Latin *platta, *plattus, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “wide; flat”). Doublet of Plätte.

der

(photography) clipping of Fotoplatte (“photographic plate”)


relational

en-adj

relational (comparative more relational, superlative most relational)

more relational (comparative)
most relational (superlative)

From relation + -al. The database sense is from the definition of relation as a set of ordered tuples.

relational art

(art) Dealing with the whole of human relations and their social context, rather than an independent and private space.


bota

ms-noun

bota (Jawi spelling بوتا, plural bota-bota)

بوتا (Jawi)
bota-bota (plural)
buta (alternative)

> Indonesian: bota (inherited)


literalist

(art) One who works in the style of literalism.


naturalismo

From naturala (“natural”) + -ismo (“a system, doctrine or cult”).


mashup

From mash (“to convert into a mash; to mix thoroughly”) + up.

What’s tiresome about Anna, though, is that it's such an obvious mashup of other movies, moving from homage right into ripoff.

2018 November 27, April Wolfe, “Anna And The Apocalypse is a Holiday-horror Cocktail of Singing, Maiming, and Clichés”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-11-04:

(informal) Something consisting of two or more elements combined together.

(art, slang) An artistic work that consists primarily of parts borrowed from other works, or features a mixture of genres.


metol

From a trade name, presumably a shortened form of the chemical name.

(chemistry, photography) The sulphate of 4-methylaminophenol, used as a photographic developer


virar

ca-verb

virar (first-person singular present viro, first-person singular preterite virí, past participle virat)

viro (first-person present singular)
virí (first-person preterite singular)
virat (participle past)
virar (infinitive)
virant (gerund)
virat (masculine participle past singular)
virada (feminine participle past singular)
virats (masculine participle past plural)
virades (feminine participle past plural)
viro (first-person indicative present singular)
vires (indicative present second-person singular)
vira (indicative present singular third-person)
virem (first-person indicative plural present)
vireu (indicative plural present second-person)
viren (indicative plural present third-person)
virava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
viraves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
virava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
viràvem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
viràveu (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
viraven (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
viraré (first-person future indicative singular)
viraràs (future indicative second-person singular)
virarà (future indicative singular third-person)
virarem (first-person future indicative plural)
virareu (future indicative plural second-person)
viraran (future indicative plural third-person)
virí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
virares (indicative preterite second-person singular)
virà (indicative preterite singular third-person)
viràrem (first-person indicative plural preterite)
viràreu (indicative plural preterite second-person)
viraren (indicative plural preterite third-person)
viraria (conditional first-person indicative singular)
viraries (conditional indicative second-person singular)
viraria (conditional indicative singular third-person)
viraríem (conditional first-person indicative plural)
viraríeu (conditional indicative plural second-person)
virarien (conditional indicative plural third-person)
viri (first-person present singular subjunctive)
viris (present second-person singular subjunctive)
viri (present singular subjunctive third-person)
virem (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vireu (plural present second-person subjunctive)
virin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
virés (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
viressis (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
virés (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
viréssim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
viréssiu (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
viressin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vira (imperative second-person)
viri (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular)
virem (first-person imperative plural)
vireu (imperative plural second-person)
virin (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically)
no viris (imperative negative second-person)
no viri (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular)
no virem (first-person imperative negative plural)
no vireu (imperative negative plural second-person)
no virin (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *virāre, probably from Latin vibrāre (in which case it is a doublet of vibrar). Other possibilities include an alteration of gȳrō (source of the synonym girar) or a derivation from Gaulish *viru (“to deviate, veer off”), itself derived from viros (“round, crooked”). Compare Italian virare, French virer.


animar

pt-verb

animar (first-person singular present animo, first-person singular preterite animei, past participle animado)

animo (first-person present singular)
animei (first-person preterite singular)
animado (participle past)
animar (impersonal infinitive)
animar (first-person infinitive singular)
animares (infinitive second-person singular)
animar (infinitive singular third-person)
animarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
animardes (infinitive plural second-person)
animarem (infinitive plural third-person)
animando (gerund)
animado (masculine participle past singular)
animados (masculine participle past plural)
animada (feminine participle past singular)
animadas (feminine participle past plural)
animo (first-person indicative present singular)
animas (indicative present second-person singular)
anima (indicative present singular third-person)
animamos (first-person indicative plural present)
animais (indicative plural present second-person)
animam (indicative plural present third-person)
animava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
animavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
animava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
animávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
animáveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
animavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
animei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
animaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
animou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
animamos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
animámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
animastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
animaram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
animara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
animaras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
animara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
animáramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
animáreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
animaram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
animarei (first-person future indicative singular)
animarás (future indicative second-person singular)
animará (future indicative singular third-person)
animaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
animareis (future indicative plural second-person)
animarão (future indicative plural third-person)
animaria (conditional first-person singular)
animarias (conditional second-person singular)
animaria (conditional singular third-person)
animaríamos (conditional first-person plural)
animaríeis (conditional plural second-person)
animariam (conditional plural third-person)
anime (first-person present singular subjunctive)
animes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
anime (present singular subjunctive third-person)
animemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
animeis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
animem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
animasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
animasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
animasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
animássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
animásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
animassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
animar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
animares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
animar (future singular subjunctive third-person)
animarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
animardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
animarem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
anima (imperative second-person singular)
anime (imperative singular third-person)
animemos (first-person imperative plural)
animai (imperative plural second-person)
animem (imperative plural third-person)
não animes (imperative negative second-person singular)
não anime (imperative negative singular third-person)
não animemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não animeis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não animem (imperative negative plural third-person)

O desenhista mandou os quadros para eu animar.

The draughtsman sent the panels for me to animate.

(art, transitive) to animate (to give the appearance of motion to)


webcam

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-webcam.wav

And while the Webcams focused on street scenes and other public gathering spots do seem to occupy an uncertain status as a new medium, they perhaps raise an ethical question: Is this the cinéma vérité of cyberspace or is it private surveillance?

1996 April 29, Steve Lohr, “Dining Out in Manhattan: How to See and Be Seen”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page D24:

As Covid-19 lockdowns took effect around the world, millions turned to remote working and organising virtual hangouts with friends. Overnight, webcams went from mundane computer accessories to gold dust.

2020 July 25, Chris Baraniuk, “No end to Covid-19 webcam shortage”, in BBC News:

(computing, photography) A video camera whose output may be viewed in real time over a computer network, originally the World Wide Web.


webcam

Unadapted borrowing from English webcam.


aloja

(folklore) a type of nymph or fairy woman believed to dwell in springs, pools, waterfalls, and lakes in areas of natural beauty


Cubist

To the world at large, relativity seemed to pull the rug out from under perceived reality. And for many advanced thinkers of the 1920s, from Dadaists to Cubists to Freudians, that was a fitting credo, reflecting what science historian David Cassidy calls "the incomprehensiveness of the contemporary scene--the fall of monarchies, the upheaval of the social order, indeed, all the turbulence of the 20th century."

1999 December 27, Frederic Golden, “Albert Einstein (1879-1955): Person of the century”, in CNN:

(art) An artist who works in the style of cubism.


estofar

ca-verb

estofar (first-person singular present estofo, first-person singular preterite estofí, past participle estofat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/

estofar (canonical)
root stress: (canonical)
ɔ (canonical)
estofo (first-person present singular)
estofí (first-person preterite singular)
estofat (participle past)

From estofa + -ar, if not directly from Old French estoffer (“to decorate”).

(art) to apply gesso to wood before gilding

(art) to apply tempura to gilding to create the appearance of brocaded fabric


doble

From Latin duplus or duplex; if from the former, it is uncertain whether it was inherited or not, and may have been taken from a Catalan or Provençal intermediate, as the final '-e' rather than '-o' is unexpected. If from the latter, it is possible that it came from a Vulgar Latin *duplem as a variant accusative to Latin duplex (rather than the normal duplicem), formed analogically. Alternatively, it may derive from duple, the vocative of duplus, though this is less likely. The word may have also simply undergone a change of suffix internally within Spanish; an old form doblo was attested, but only in a legal sense. Compare Galician dobre, Portuguese dobro. Cf. also duplo and dúplex, which were later borrowed from Latin and may be doublets.


quati

→ Hunsrik: Quatti

Borrowed from Old Tupi kûati, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʷati.

etymon

(Northeast Brazil, folklore) a type of roundelay


encanto

(folklore) apparition; otherworldly entity


encanto

Deverbal from encantar. Cognate with Portuguese encanto and Italian incanto.

(folklore) apparition, otherworldly entity


filmo

Borrowed from English film, French film, German Film, Italian film, Spanish film, Russian фильм (filʹm).

(photography, cinematography) photographic film


filme

head

filme (imperative film, infinitive at filme, present tense filmer, past tense filmede, perfect tense filmet)

film (imperative)
at filme (infinitive)
filmer (present)
filmede (past)
filmet (perfect)
filmer (active present)
filmes (passive present)
filmede (active past)
filme (active infinitive)
filmes (infinitive passive)
film (active imperative)
filmende (participle present)
filmet (participle past)
auxiliary verb have (participle past)
filmen (gerund participle)


filme

filme (imperative film, present tense filmer, passive filmes, simple past and past participle filma or filmet, present participle filmende)

film (imperative)
filmer (present)
filmes (passive)
filma (participle past)
filma (past)
filmet (participle past)
filmet (past)
filmende (participle present)


filme

filmes (plural)
film (alternative dated rare)


filtro

→ Tetum: filtru

Borrowed from French filtre, from Medieval Latin filtrum.

(photography) a translucent object placed in the light path of a camera


gloso

gloso (indefinite nominative singular)
glosos (genitive indefinite singular)
gloson (definite nominative singular)
glosons (definite genitive singular)
glosor (indefinite nominative plural)
glosors (genitive indefinite plural)
glosorna (definite nominative plural)
glosornas (definite genitive plural)

Compound of glo (“stare”) + so (“sow”). According to SAOB attested since 1863.

Den tredje gången möter man »gloson», och elden står om munnen på henne. Gloson rusar mellan benen på vandraren, men han får inte vara rädd.

1917, Elias Grip, “Trolldom och häxeri [Witchcraft and sorcery]”, in Några bidrag till kännedom om svenskt allmogeliv [Some contributions to the knowledge of Swedish peasant life], page 138:

The third time one encounters "the gloso", and fire blazes about her mouth. The gloso rushes between the traveller’s legs, but he must not be afraid.

Föreställningen om den hedniske Gloson såsom ett vitt svin har enl. Hylten-Cavallius sannolikt givet upphov till den i Västmanland gängse tron, att det är olyckligt att ha vita svin, utan höra de, som påläggas vara svarta eller fläckiga (W. & W. 1: Tillägg s. 59). Jfr, not 45.

1925, Paul Heurgren, “Förklaring av i föregående kapitel angivna noter [Explanation of notes mentioned in the previous chapter]”, in Husdjuren i nordisk folktro [Domestic animals in nordic folklore], page 407:

The notion of the heathen Gloso as a white boar has, according to Hylten-Cavallius, likely given rise to the belief prevalent in Västmanland that it is ill-fated to keep white swine but that they ought to be black or spotted (W. & W. 1: Appendix, p. 59). Cf. note 45.

Hos alla europeiska folk har nämligen särskilt jultiden med sina långa och mörka nätter ansetts som en spöktid, då dödingar och alla slags andeväsen äro ute och färdas såsom bland andra Jerusalems skomakare och gloson för att inte tala om Odens vilda akt (se sid. 580).

1937, Louise Hagberg, “Alla själars dag [All souls' day]”, in När döden gästar. [When death visits], page 653:

Among all European peoples, Christmastide, with its long and dark nights, has particularly been regarded as a time of hauntings when the dead and all manner of spirits roam abroad, such as, among others, the Wandering Jew and the gloso, not to mention Odin’s Wild Hunt (see p. 580).

(folklore, Southern) An (often) white pig or boar with red sparking glowing eyes, large snout and fiery tusks, occasionally with a sharp serrated back and a tendency to run twixt the legs and cleave their victim.


retratar

pt-verb

retratar (first-person singular present retrato, first-person singular preterite retratei, past participle retratado)

retrato (first-person present singular)
retratei (first-person preterite singular)
retratado (participle past)
retratar (impersonal infinitive)
retratar (first-person infinitive singular)
retratares (infinitive second-person singular)
retratar (infinitive singular third-person)
retratarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
retratardes (infinitive plural second-person)
retratarem (infinitive plural third-person)
retratando (gerund)
retratado (masculine participle past singular)
retratados (masculine participle past plural)
retratada (feminine participle past singular)
retratadas (feminine participle past plural)
retrato (first-person indicative present singular)
retratas (indicative present second-person singular)
retrata (indicative present singular third-person)
retratamos (first-person indicative plural present)
retratais (indicative plural present second-person)
retratam (indicative plural present third-person)
retratava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
retratavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
retratava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
retratávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
retratáveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
retratavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
retratei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
retrataste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
retratou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
retratamos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
retratámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
retratastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
retrataram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
retratara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
retrataras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
retratara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
retratáramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
retratáreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
retrataram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
retratarei (first-person future indicative singular)
retratarás (future indicative second-person singular)
retratará (future indicative singular third-person)
retrataremos (first-person future indicative plural)
retratareis (future indicative plural second-person)
retratarão (future indicative plural third-person)
retrataria (conditional first-person singular)
retratarias (conditional second-person singular)
retrataria (conditional singular third-person)
retrataríamos (conditional first-person plural)
retrataríeis (conditional plural second-person)
retratariam (conditional plural third-person)
retrate (first-person present singular subjunctive)
retrates (present second-person singular subjunctive)
retrate (present singular subjunctive third-person)
retratemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
retrateis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
retratem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
retratasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
retratasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
retratasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
retratássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
retratásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
retratassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
retratar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
retratares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
retratar (future singular subjunctive third-person)
retratarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
retratardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
retratarem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
retrata (imperative second-person singular)
retrate (imperative singular third-person)
retratemos (first-person imperative plural)
retratai (imperative plural second-person)
retratem (imperative plural third-person)
não retrates (imperative negative second-person singular)
não retrate (imperative negative singular third-person)
não retratemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não retrateis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não retratem (imperative negative plural third-person)

/ʁɨ.tɾɐˈtaɾ/

/ʁɨ.tɾɐˈtaɾ/


little green man

en-noun

little green man (plural little green men)

/ˌlɪtəl ˌɡɹiːn ˈmæn/

կանաչ մարդուկ

humorous: space alien, Martian — see also alien

It was the pantomime of "Jack and the Bean Stalk," and as the Hallicots entered a large number of little green men were hammering on anvils in a gloomy and spacious cave.

1866 May 5, The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser, page 4, column 1:

How funny to see the little green men, and the fairies in gossamer and dewdrops.

1883 March 17, The Brisbane Courier, page 3, column 3:

In an uncautions moment, once upon a time, I had informed Sweetheart that on the branches of that tree in years long past, when I used to trudge past it on foot, there used to be seen little green men, moping and mowing. So every time we pass that way Sweetheart requires the story with out variations. Not a single fairy must be added or subtracted.

1896 January 25, The Australasian, page 41, column 3:

Still the Green Isle is supposed to specialise in fairies - the little green men and fairy sprites have in spired many poems and stories of that distressful country[.]

1921 January 23, The Truth, page 8, column 4:

"Sure...the Little Green Men can't be as spiteful as some people say!"

1932 March 5, The Daily Mercury, page 14, column 2:

(folklore) A type of diminutive sprite or fairy that wears green clothing.


intermezzo

intermezzo (plural intermezzos or intermezzi)

intermezzos (plural)
intermezzi (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-intermezzo.wav

She had ample time, too, to change for the next scene, which started with a longish intermezzo staged by a ballet company whose services Scotty had engaged [...].

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published 2011, page 8:

(music, art) A short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle; a theatrical interlude.


tooled

en-adj

tooled (comparative more tooled, superlative most tooled)

more tooled (comparative)
most tooled (superlative)

A few sets of tooled leather bindings were set out on narrow polished tables, between book ends.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 22:

(bookbinding) Impressed with an ornamental design.


mino

(folklore) a magic spell cast, by a supernatural being, to confuse, disorient or make people lose their way


montase

montasê (canonical)
montase-montase (plural)
montaj (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch montage, from French montage.

(art) montage: A composite work, particularly an artwork, created by assembling or putting together other elements such as pieces of music, pictures, texts, videos, etc


retiro

[ɾɛˈt̪iː.ɾo]


tardo

From the same origin that trasno (“goblin”).

(folklore) nightmare (goblin who plagues people while they slept and cause a feeling of suffocation)


virare

it-verb

viràre (first-person singular present vìro, first-person singular past historic virài, past participle viràto, auxiliary avére)

viràre (canonical)
vìro (first-person present singular)
virài (first-person historic past singular)
viràto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
viràre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
viràndo (gerund)
virànte (participle present)
viràto (participle past)
vìro (first-person indicative present singular)
vìri (indicative present second-person singular)
vìra (indicative present singular third-person)
viriàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
viràte (indicative plural present second-person)
vìrano (indicative plural present third-person)
viràvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
viràvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
viràva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
viravàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
viravàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
viràvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
virài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
viràsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
virò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
viràmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
viràste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
viràrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
virerò (first-person future indicative singular)
virerài (future indicative second-person singular)
virerà (future indicative singular third-person)
virerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
vireréte (future indicative plural second-person)
virerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
virerèi (conditional first-person singular)
virerésti (conditional second-person singular)
virerèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
virerébbe (conditional singular third-person)
virerémmo (conditional first-person plural)
vireréste (conditional plural second-person)
virerèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
virerébbero (conditional plural third-person)
vìri (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vìri (present second-person singular subjunctive)
vìri (present singular subjunctive third-person)
viriàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
viriàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vìrino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
viràssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
viràssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
viràsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
viràssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
viràste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
viràssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vìra (imperative second-person singular)
vìri (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
viriàmo (first-person imperative plural)
viràte (imperative plural second-person)
vìrino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
viràre (imperative negative second-person singular)
vìri (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
viriàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
viràte (imperative negative plural second-person)
vìrino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

Russian: ви́ра (víra)

Borrowed from Old French virer, possibly from Vulgar Latin *virāre, perhaps a cross between Latin gȳrāre and vibrō.

(intransitive, art) to vary in color (of paint) [auxiliary avere]

(intransitive, photography) to chemically replace silver granules with colored ones [auxiliary avere]


f-number

(photography) The ratio of the focal length of a lens to its diameter; a measure of the light-gathering ability of the lens.


aleta

(castells) Hand signal given by the enxaneta upon reaching the top of the castell, signifying its completion


eclecticism

en-noun

eclecticism (countable and uncountable, plural eclecticisms)

(art) Any form of art that borrows from multiple other styles


sandman

E.T.A. Hoffmann
The Sandman (short story)
sandman

From sand + -man. The mythological sense may be from German Sandmann, Sandmännchen, as it is apparently first attested in English in the context of E.T.A. Hoffmann’s novella The Sandman (1816). The German is attested in the relevant sense since at least the mid-18th century.

This then was the Sandman; but what was his occupation, and what was his purpose ? The nursery-maid being applied to, gave a nursery-maid's explanation, that the Sandman was a bad man, who flung sand in the eyes of little children who did not go to bed.

1827, “On the Supernatural in Composition; and particularly on the Works of Ernest Theodore William Hoffman”, in Museum of Foreign Literature and Science, volume 11, page 458:

(folklore) A figure that brings sleep and dreams by sprinkling magical sand into people's eyes.


porządek

pl-noun

porządek m inan (diminutive porządeczek, related adjective porządkowy)

porządeczek (diminutive)
porządkowy (adjective)
porządek (nominative singular)
porządki (nominative plural)
porządku (genitive singular)
porządków (genitive plural)
porządkowi (dative singular)
porządkom (dative plural)
porządek (accusative singular)
porządki (accusative plural)
porządkiem (instrumental singular)
porządkami (instrumental plural)
porządku (locative singular)
porządkach (locative plural)
porządku (singular vocative)
porządki (plural vocative)

/pɔˈʐɔ̃.dɛk/

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *porędъkъ. By surface analysis, porządzić + -ek. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “porządek”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(countable, art) order (system of construction, composition and decoration of buildings established in antiquity, associated with maintaining specific proportions)


móc

vi-noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) móc • (木, 鈢, 𠣛, 𢪮)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
木 (CJK)
鈢 (CJK)
𠣛 (CJK)
𢪮 (CJK)

Inherited from Proto-Vietic *ɓɔːk, from Proto-Austroasiatic *ɓɔkʔ ~ *ɓuəkʔ (“to hook”). Cognate with Muong Bi bóc and Khmer ថ្ពក់ (thpŭək, “to hook”).

inh

*ɓɔkʔ ~ *ɓuəkʔ


منظر

ar-noun

مَنْظَر • (manẓar) m (plural مَنَاظِر (manāẓir))

مَنْظَر (canonical)
manẓar (romanization)
مَنَاظِر (plural)
مَنْظَر (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمَنْظَر (definite informal singular triptote)
مَنْظَر (construct informal singular triptote)
مَنْظَرٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَنْظَرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مَنْظَرُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
مَنْظَرًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَنْظَرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
مَنْظَرَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
مَنْظَرٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَنْظَرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
مَنْظَرِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
مَنْظَرَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمَنْظَرَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
مَنْظَرَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
مَنْظَرَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَنْظَرَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
مَنْظَرَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
مَنْظَرَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَنْظَرَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
مَنْظَرَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
مَنْظَرَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَنْظَرَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
مَنْظَرَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
مَنَاظِر (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
الْمَنَاظِر (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
مَنَاظِر (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
مَنَاظِرُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
الْمَنَاظِرُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
مَنَاظِرُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
مَنَاظِرَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
الْمَنَاظِرَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
مَنَاظِرَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
مَنَاظِرَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
الْمَنَاظِرِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
مَنَاظِرِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)

→ Ottoman Turkish: منظر (manzar)

Verbal noun and noun of place from the verb نَظَرَ (naẓara, “to perceive with the eyes”).


polyptych

From Ancient Greek πολύπτυχος (polúptukhos, “with many folds”), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + πτυχή (ptukhḗ, “a fold”).

uder

[...], a polyptych is a painting with more than one section – a diptych is a painting in two parts or sections, a triptych in three, and so on. Perhaps the most famous polyptych is the Ghent Altarpiece by the early Flemish painters Hubert and Jan van Eyck.

2021 September 7, Reginald Wiebe, Polyptych: Adaptation, Television, and Comics, Vernon Press, →ISBN:

(art) A work consisting of multiple painted or carved panels joined together, often with hinges.

liestaolenn

a work consisting of multiple painted or carved panels joined together


ripping

en-noun

ripping (countable and uncountable, plural rippings)

The action of one who rips (in any sense).

(woodworking) Wood that has been ripped (cut parallel to the grain).


capitalist realism

Possibly coined in 1963 when it was used as the title of an art exhibition/performance in Düsseldorf, alluding to socialist realism. The term was later reused in a political philosophy context by cultural theorist Mark Fisher.

Back in West Berlin, Rene Block thought the term 'Capitalist Realism' resonated strongly with other kinds of 'new realism' taking place there, in the shadow of the GDR. In 1971 he used the term again for a show of prints, but disappointedly […]

2008, Claudia Mesch, Modern Art at the Berlin Wall: Demarcating Culture in the Cold War Germanys, Tauris Academic Studies:

Richter's concept of 'capitalist realism' alluded to the doctrines of socialist realism east of the border. These approaches were taken further in the actions of Happening and Fluxus artists in the wake of the student movement.

2013, John Sandford, editor, Encyclopedia of Contemporary German Culture, Routledge, →ISBN:

Following two earlier major Sigmar Polke shows, at Tate Liverpool in 1996 and Tate Modern in 2005, this extensive retrospective aims to show the German painter, film-maker and sculptor in full. A founder, with Gerhard Richter, of capitalist realism (a rejoinder to British and American pop art) in the 1960s), Polke went on to make an enormous variety of hallucinatory, poisonous, gorgeous and unsettling works that still reverberate with a strange, dark humour.

2014 September 8, Oliver Wainwright, Jonathan Jones, Adrian Searle, “Art, design and architecture: what to see in autumn 2014”, in The Guardian:

(art) A short-lived German pop art movement of the 1960s.


negativ

negativ (nominative singular)
negativy (nominative plural)
negativu (genitive singular)
negativů (genitive plural)
negativu (dative singular)
negativům (dative plural)
negativ (accusative singular)
negativy (accusative plural)
negative (singular vocative)
negativy (plural vocative)
negativu (locative singular)
negativech (locative plural)
negativem (instrumental singular)
negativy (instrumental plural)


negativ

head

negativ n (singular definite negativet, plural indefinite negativer)

negativet (definite singular)
negativer (indefinite plural)
negativ (indefinite nominative singular)
negativet (definite nominative singular)
negativer (indefinite nominative plural)
negativerne (definite nominative plural)
negativs (genitive indefinite singular)
negativets (definite genitive singular)
negativers (genitive indefinite plural)
negativernes (definite genitive plural)


negativ

negative (plural)
negativ (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
negativul (accusative definite nominative singular)
negative (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
negativele (accusative definite nominative plural)
negativ (indefinite singular)
negativului (definite singular)
negative (indefinite plural)
negativelor (definite plural)
negativule (singular vocative)
negativelor (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian negativo or Latin negativus or French negatif or German negativ. Equivalent to nega + -tiv.


negativ

negativ (indefinite nominative singular)
negativs (genitive indefinite singular)
negativet (definite nominative singular)
negativets (definite genitive singular)
negativ (indefinite nominative plural)
negativs (genitive indefinite plural)
negativen (definite nominative plural)
negativens (definite genitive plural)


negativ

negativ (nominative singular)
negativad (nominative plural)
negativan (accusative singular)
negativad (accusative plural)
negativan (genitive singular)
negativoiden (genitive plural)
negativad (partitive singular)
negativoid (partitive plural)
negativan (essive-instructive singular)
negativoin (essive-instructive plural)
negativaks (singular translative)
negativoikš (plural translative)
negativas (inessive singular)
negativoiš (inessive plural)
negativaspäi (elative singular)
negativoišpäi (elative plural)
negativaha (illative singular)
negativoihe (illative plural)
negatival (adessive singular)
negativoil (adessive plural)
negativalpäi (ablative singular)
negativoilpäi (ablative plural)
negativale (allative singular)
negativoile (allative plural)
negativata (abessive singular)
negativoita (abessive plural)
negativanke (comitative singular)
negativoidenke (comitative plural)
negativadme (prolative singular)
negativoidme (plural prolative)
negativanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
negativoidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
negativannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
negativoidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
negativannopäi (egressive singular)
negativoidennopäi (egressive plural)
negativahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
negativoihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
negativalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
negativoilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
negativassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
negativahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
negativoihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
negativalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
negativoilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)


fleuve

Inherited from Middle French fleuve, from late Old French flueve (12th cent.), according to the traditional view, a dissimilated form of fluive, fluie, a re-borrowing of Latin fluvius (“stream”). Alternatively, confluence with Old French fluet, flot ("river, flood"; from Frankish *flōd) and/or borrowing from Old Norse flóð (“tidal flood, estuarine river or flood”) cannot be ruled out. See flot. Replaced native Old French fluns, flum, from Latin flūmen (compare Occitan flume, Romansch flüm, Italian fiume).

gl

"river, flood"; from Frankish <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*flōd</i>

cog

Les îles grandissent peu à peu et s'entourent d'une large ceinture de roches tapissées de mousses noirâtres ou de longs fucus bruns qui pendent à leurs flancs comme les roseaux de marbre dont les sculpteurs du dernier siècle ornaient leurs statues de fleuves.

1842, Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau, “L’Archipel de Chausey, souvenirs d’un Naturaliste,”, in Revue des Deux Mondes, volume 30:

The islands gradually grow and are surrounded by a broad belt of rocks carpeted with blackish mosses or long brown seaweed hanging from their sides, like the marble reeds with which last century's sculptors decorated their statues of river gods.

(mythology, art) a river god, or the allegorical artistic representation of a river as an old, bearded man lying on reeds and holding or leaning on an urn from which the river's water flows