Santa Claus

Santa Clauses (plural)
Santa Clause (alternative)
Santaclaus (alternative)
Santa Klaus (alternative)
Santiclaus (alternative)
Santy Claus (alternative)
Santeclaus (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch Sinterklaas (“Saint Nicholas”). Doublet of Sinterklaas.

bor+

Last Monday the Anniversary of St. Nicholas, otherwise called St. A Claus, was celebrated at Protestant-Hall.

1773 December 26, New York Gazette, p. 3

The noted St. Nicholas, vulgarly called Santaclaus—of all the saints in the kalendar the most venerated by true hollanders, and their unsophisticated descendants.

Here, too, the winter festivals are just commencing; and the toy-shops are full of dolls and gew-gaws for the Bifana, who acts here the same comedy for children that Santiclaus does in America.

1828 November, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, letter to his mother from Italy

This is one of the developments Karl Marx failed to predict. Had he foreseen it he might have expired in guffaws, rolling in the aisle of the British Museum Library amid the notes for Das Kapital, that bearded Santa Claus of the revolution who slipped the unwanted gift of communism down the world's chimneys.

1937 August, Lawrence Martin, "The Odyssey of a Bogeyman", Esquire, Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 39

Emmeline: Oh Richard, you can't know everything. Only God knows everything.
Richard: God—He can't find us any better than Santa Claus.

1980, Douglas Day Stewart, The Blue Lagoon:

By 1900, department-store Santa Clauses were common – lodged in grottoes, cottages, and workshops or on thrones, they presided over a never-ending stream of children.

2005, Gerry Bowler, “Santa the Adman”, in Santa Claus: A Biography, McClelland & Stewart, →ISBN, page 142:

(folklore) A figure said to bring presents to people (especially children) at Christmas time.

Christkind

Christmas; different figure with same role


impression

en-noun

impression (countable and uncountable, plural impressions)

From Old French impression, from Latin impressio.

(engraving) A print on paper from a wood block, metal plate, etc.


Baroque

en-adj

Baroque (comparative more Baroque, superlative most Baroque)

more Baroque (comparative)
most Baroque (superlative)

Via French (which originally meant a pearl of irregular shape) from Portuguese barroco (“irregular pearl”); related to Spanish barrueco and Italian barocco and Sicilian baroccu, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly from Latin verruca (“wart”), or possibly from the technical construction of scholastic logic, Baroco.

(art, music) From or characteristic of the Baroque period.

barokní

relating or belonging to the Baroque period


Baroque

(art, music) A period in western architecture, art and music from ca. 1600 to ca. 1760 CE, known for its abundance of drama, rich color, and extensive ornamentation.


auricular

/ɔːˈɹɪk.jʊl.ə/

Late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin auriculāris, from auricula (“the external ear; the ear”) + -āris (“-ar”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to auricle + -ar. Doublet of auricularis.
The finger is so called because it can be readily introduced into the ear passage.

af

(art, relational) Pertaining to a style of ornamental decoration, originating in Northern Europe in the first half of the 17th century, that uses softly flowing abstract shapes in relief some of which bear a resemblance to the human ear; commonly used in silverware, picture frames, and architecture.


hologram

pl-noun

hologram m inan (related adjective hologramowy)

hologramowy (adjective)
hologram (nominative singular)
hologramy (nominative plural)
hologramu (genitive singular)
hologramów (genitive plural)
hologramowi (dative singular)
hologramom (dative plural)
hologram (accusative singular)
hologramy (accusative plural)
hologramem (instrumental singular)
hologramami (instrumental plural)
hologramie (locative singular)
hologramach (locative plural)
hologramie (singular vocative)
hologramy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English hologram, French hologramme, German Hologramm, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos) + γραμμή (grammḗ).

(photography) hologram (recording of an interference pattern that can reproduce a 3D light field using diffraction)


diptych

From Late Latin diptycha, plural, from Ancient Greek, neuter plural of δίπτυχος (díptukhos, “folded, doubled”), from δι- (di-) + πτυχή (ptukhḗ, “fold, layer”).

(art) A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets, usually connected by hinges.


triptych

triptychs (plural)
triptich (alternative)

From Ancient Greek τρίπτυχος (tríptukhos, “consisting of three layers, threefold”), from τρι- (tri-) + πτυχή (ptukhḗ, “a fold”).

uder

Hieronymus Bosch
The Garden of Earthly Delights
triptych

Meronym: volet

I never thought breastfeeding would be hard. When I thought about it at all, my mind conjured beatific scenes suffused with a sort of religious glow. […] These days I envisage more of a triptych: the infant Jesus spluttering at the breast, face purple with hangry fury; the infant Jesus possetting milk down Mary’s front; the infant Jesus and the nappy explosion.

2022 May 9, Rhiannon Lucy Cosslett, “Turns out breastfeeding really does hurt – why does no one tell you?”, in The New York Times:

(art) A picture or series of pictures painted on three tablets connected by hinges.

եռապատկեր

art: a picture or series of pictures painted on three tablets connected by hinges


歌舞伎

English: kabuki

Daijisen
Tenshō (Momoyama period)
ja:松村明

Term first attested around the Tenshō era (1573-1592).
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 傾く (kabuku, “to tilt, to lean”).
The kanji spelling is an example of phono-semantic ateji (当て字), literally "song, dance, and skill".

(culture, art) kabuki: traditional Japanese dance-drama featuring bizarrely-dressed performers


fairy ring

The idea of a ring where fairies danced was a traditional explanation for the fungal phenomenon before it was understood.

They are fond of music and dancing. It is their dancing that forms the fairy rings.

1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 262:

1914, "Rhys at the Fairy Dance" in Maud Keary, Enchanted Tulips and Other Verses for Children, Macmillan and Company, page 102,
Though many a year has passed away, / None have seen Rhys since that day! / Does he dance and does he sing / For ever in a Fairy Ring?

Welsh folklore also reveals few references to fairy rings but there is a fine example found in the legend "Rhys at the Fairy Dance" (collected in 1827) in which Rhys is lost but found again when several people venture to a nearby fairy ring.

1972, North Carolina Folklore Society, North Carolina Folklore Journal, Volumes 20-21: 1972-1973, page 51:

(folklore) A place where fairies congregate in a ring, particularly in order to dance.


spik

spik (indefinite nominative singular)
spiks (genitive indefinite singular)
spiken (definite nominative singular)
spikens (definite genitive singular)
spikar (indefinite nominative plural)
spikars (genitive indefinite plural)
spikarna (definite nominative plural)
spikarnas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse spíkr, from Proto-Germanic *spīkaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“expand, extend, stretch”).

der

(glassblowing) a rod of iron used in manual production of glass objects. May have all kinds of length and diameter, and can be used in many different ways. May be hollow inside, but must never have any hole on the tip. Must not be confused with puntel and the glass-blower pipe.


negative

negatives (plural)
-ve (alternative abbreviation)
−ve (alternative abbreviation)

From Middle English negative, negatif, from Old French negatif, from Latin negātīvus (“that denies, negative”), from negāre (“to deny”); see negate.

Coordinate term: diapositive

(photography) An image in which dark areas represent light ones, and the converse.


render

en-verb

render (third-person singular simple present renders, present participle rendering, simple past and past participle rendered)

renders (present singular third-person)
rendering (participle present)
rendered (participle past)
rendered (past)
rendre (alternative archaic)

→ Dutch: renderen

→ Portuguese: renderizar

From Middle English renderen, rendren, from Old French rendre (“render, give back”), from Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere (“make, give back”).

(transitive, art, by extension) To apply realistic coloring and shading.


figurative

en-adj

figurative (comparative more figurative, superlative most figurative)

more figurative (comparative)
most figurative (superlative)

/ˈfɪɡəɹətɪv/

1875-1886, John Addington Symonds, Renaissance in Italy
They belonged to a nation dedicated to the figurative arts, and they wrote for a public familiar with painted form.

(art) Representing forms recognisable in life and clearly derived from real object sources, in contrast to abstract art.


Father Christmas

en-proper noun

Father Christmas (plural Father Christmases or Father Christmasses or Fathers Christmas)

Father Christmases (plural)
Father Christmasses (plural)
Fathers Christmas (plural)

The old men who had moustaches came with their breath frozen on them, and looked like so many old Father Christmasses: although all seemed poor and were indifferently clad, they almost all looked in good health and spirits.

1879 May, “Famine Relief. Welcome Words from Shan-si in a letter from Mr. James.”, in J[ames] Hudson Taylor, editor, China’s Millions, number 47, London: Morgan and Scott, […], page 63, column 2:

Again Donna Maria’s anger was interrupted by the rising of the curtain; or, rather, diverted from Carlo’s décadent æsthetics to the extreme badness of the mise en scène, to rows of Father Christmasses and ladies in grey waterproofs, who bellowed and gesticulated as unhappy shades at the gates of hell, and the chains of thick thighed and tight waisted furies who capered about in the rose-coloured Bengal light.

1889 June, Vernon Lee [pseudonym; Violet Paget], “Orpheus in Rome: Irrelevant Talks on the Use of the Beautiful”, in The Contemporary Review, volume LV, London: Isbister and Company […], section I, page 833:

The five Father Christmases walked slowly on, oblivious alike of the children who gaped at them and the man-hunt that was taking place under their noses.

1939, Nicholas Blake [pseudonym; Cecil Day-Lewis], The Smiler with the Knife, Harper & Row, page 199:

‘Yeah, I’ve seen those things they think are gnomes,’ said Ron, bent double with his head in a peony bush. ‘Like fat little Father Christmases with fishing rods …’

1998 July 2, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], “The Burrow”, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Harry Potter; 2), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

At the beginning of the 1990s, therefore, Bardo moved to the current establishment, and was finally able to house his Father Christmases in the style they deserve.

2003, Piers Letcher, Eccentric France: The Bradt Guide to Mad, Magical and Marvellous France, Bradt Travel Guides; The Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, page 207:

At Christmas, also in 2004, members processed as Fathers Christmas, employing the slogan ‘Put the fathers back into Christmas’.

2007, Duncan Watts, Pressure Groups (Politics Study Guides), Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 122:

After the confrontation with the fictitious peer’s solution process, namely actually drawing rectangles around the Fathers Christmas’ irregular shapes, in Phase 4, another nine of the remaining 22 students (five 12–13- and four 15–16-year olds^([sic])) exchanged their initial linear answer for the correct nonlinear one.

2007, Dirk De Bock, Wim Van Dooren, Dirk Janssens, Lieven Verschaffel, The Illusion of Linearity: From Analysis to Improvement, Springer, →ISBN, page 103:

I was paid £1.92 an hour to wear a pink tutu and entertain the children waiting to see the two Father Christmases (one on either side of the grotto) as the increasingly irate families inched their way past the hour wait markers.

2011, Clare Hemmings, “Crossings”, in Kathy Davis, Mary Evans, editors, Transatlantic Conversations: Feminism as Travelling Theory, Routledge, published 2016, →ISBN, part I (Becoming a Feminist in a Transatlantic Context), page 29:

The smiling carol singers and the laughing Father Christmasses on the television seemed to make my misery more acute.

2016, Bryony Gordon, “I think I might be dying”, in Mad Girl, London: Headline Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 20:

In 1836, English artist Robert Seymour illustrated Thomas K. Hervey’s Book of Christmas with a couple of boozy, wild-haired Fathers Christmas that set the tone for the next fifty years in which the London newspapers were more likely to emphasize the good father’s drinking than anything else.

2020, Tom A. Jerman, Santa Claus Worldwide: A History of St. Nicholas and Other Holiday Gift-Bringers, McFarland & Company, →ISBN, pages 166–167:

In 1958, it was reported that for "the fourth year in succession, staff of four South London stations have combined to decorate the booking hall at Peckham Rye station". They installed a nativity scene, models of Father Christmas, and a sleigh driven by huskies, and Christmas trees were placed around the station.

2023 December 27, David Turner, “Silent lines...”, in RAIL, number 999, page 29:

(folklore) A mythical figure said to bring presents to people (especially children) at Christmas time.


RSA

(art, UK) Initialism of Royal Society of Arts.


diabolo

→ Portuguese: diabolô, diábolo


diabolo

Borrowed from French diabolo, derived from diabolique (“diabolical”).


iterate

en-verb

iterate (third-person singular simple present iterates, present participle iterating, simple past and past participle iterated)

iterates (present singular third-person)
iterating (participle present)
iterated (participle past)
iterated (past)

From Latin iterō (“do it for a second time, repeat”), from iterum (“again”), akin to is (“he, that”).

der

For NASA and most private aerospace companies, a single crash is a setback that can take years to recover from. SpaceX works more like a Silicon Valley startup, where the goal is to fail quickly and iterate.

December 13 2021, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time Magazine:

(design, ambitransitive) To repeat an activity, making incremental changes each time.


edgy

en-adj

edgy (comparative edgier, superlative edgiest)

edgier (comparative)
edgiest (superlative)

From edge + -y. Compare German eckig (“angular, edgy”).

A sculptor's ideas must, I should guess, be somewhat rigid and inflexible, like the materials in which he works. Besides, Nollekens's style was comparatively hard and edgy.

1821–1822, William Hazlitt, “(please specify the essay name)”, in Table-Talk; or, Original Essays, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Warren; Henry Colburn and Co.:

(art) Having some of the forms, such as drapery or the like, too sharply defined.

éles vonalú/rajzú/rajzolatú

art: having some of the forms, such as drapery or the like, too sharply defined


coco

cocos (plural)
coca (alternative)
cucuy (alternative)
cuco (alternative)
cuca (alternative)
cucu (alternative)
cucuí (alternative)

Borrowed from Portuguese côco (“bogeyman, grinning face”), probably from Latin coccum (“kernel, seed”).

bor+

Duérmete niño, duérmete ya… que viene el coco y te comerá.

Sleep child, sleep now… lest the bogeyman come and eat you.


sympathy

en-noun

sympathy (countable and uncountable, plural sympathies)

Borrowed from Middle French sympathie, from Late Latin sympathīa (“feeling in common”), from Ancient Greek σῠμπᾰ́θειᾰ (sŭmpắtheiă, “fellow feeling”), from σῠμπᾰθής (sŭmpăthḗs, “affected by like feelings; exerting mutual influence, interacting”) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, “-y”, nominal suffix). Equivalent to sym- (“acting or considered together”) + -pathy (“feeling”). Displaced native Old English efnþrōwung (equivalent to even-throeing; literally, “co-suffering”).

af

An affinity, association or mutual relationship between people or things such that they are correspondingly affected by any condition.

(art) Artistic harmony, as of shape or colour in a painting.


pomelle

(woodworking) A specific type of woodgrain in lumber and veneers, also known as "quilted" from the French.


bunch

From Middle English bunche, bonche (“hump, swelling”), of uncertain origin.
Perhaps a variant of *bunge (compare dialectal bung (“heap, grape bunch”)), from Proto-Germanic *bunkō, *bunkô, *bungǭ (“heap, crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ-, *bʰénǵʰus (“thick, dense, fat”). Cognates include Saterland Frisian Bunke (“bone”), West Frisian bonke (“bone, lump, bump”), Dutch bonk (“lump, bone”), Low German Bunk (“bone”), German Bunge (“tuber”), Danish bunke (“heap, pile”), Faroese bunki (“heap, pile”); Hittite [Term?] (/panku/, “total, entire”), Tocharian B pkante (“volume, fatness”), Lithuanian búožė (“knob”), Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús, “thick”), Kamkata-viri břẽć, břez (“berry tree”), Prasuni vuzra (“berry tree”), Sanskrit बहु (bahú, “thick; much”)).
Alternatively, perhaps from a variant or diminutive of bump (compare hump/hunch, lump/lunch, etc.); or from dialectal Old French bonge (“bundle”) (compare French bongeau, bonjeau, bonjot), from West Flemish bondje, diminutive of West Flemish bond (“bundle”).

cog

(glassblowing, obsolete) A seventeenth-century unit of Rhenish glass, 60 of which constitute a way or web.


ponder

From Latin ponderis, pondere, etc., inflected forms of pondus (“weight”).

(glassblowing) A fourteenth-century unit of glass.


fillet

From Middle English filet, vylette, felet, filette, flette, from Old French filet, diminutive of fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”).

(woodworking) Any scantling smaller than a batten.


title

⇒ Wu: 抬頭 /抬头 (⁶de-deu)

→ Japanese: タイトル (taitoru)

→ Korean: 타이틀 (taiteul)

→ Welsh: teitl

From Middle English title, titel, from Old English titul (“title, heading, superscription”), from Latin titulus (“title, inscription”). Doublet of tilde, titer/titre, titlo, tittle, and titulus.

títol

section or division of a subject, as a law, lawbook, etc

With some City fans already leaving the stadium in tears, Edin Dzeko equalised in the second of five minutes of stoppage time before Sergio Aguero scored the goal that won the title.

2012 May 13, Phil McNulty, “Man City 3-2 QPR”, in BBC Sport:

Equally disadvantageous to Jackson was the fact that other than the Jacksonville Athletic Club and the National Sporting Club, virtually no organization was willing to sponsor a title fight between a black fighter and a white one.

1997, David Kenneth Wiggins, Glory Bound: Black Athletes in a White America:

(bookbinding) The panel for the name, between the bands of the back of a book.


podium

nl-noun

podium n (plural podia or podiums, diminutive podiumpje n)

podia (plural)
podiums (plural)
podiumpje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: podium

Borrowed from Latin podium, from Ancient Greek πόδιον (pódion, “base”), a diminutive of πούς (poús, “foot”). Doublet of pui.


相槌

ja-noun

相(あい)槌(づち) • (aizuchi) ^(←あひづち (afiduti)?)

相槌 (canonical)
aizuchi (romanization)
afiduti (romanization)
あひづち (hiragana historical)

→ English: aizuchi

From あい (ai-, “mutual, together”) + 槌(つち) (tsuchi, “hammer”). The tsuchi changes to zuchi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

鍛冶があひつちと云ふは、二人むかひてうつゆへ歟

When a blacksmith says aizuchi they mean two people working face-to-face

Kaji ga aizuchi to iu wa, futari mukai de utsu yue yo

(archaic, metalworking) (two persons) hammering an object alternately or in unison


caul

cauls (plural)
call (alternative)
cawl (alternative)

From Middle English calle, kelle, kalle, kolle (“caul, net, basket”), from Old English cāwl, cāul, cēawl, cēaul (“basket, container, net, sieve”), of uncertain origin. Reinforced by Old French cale (“close-fitting cap”), possibly a borrowing of the Old English term above, or alternatively related to Old French calotte (“headdress”), from Italian callotta, from Latin calautica (“type of female headdress which fell down over the shoulders”), itself of unknown origin. Cognate with Scots kell (“caul”).

ncog

(woodworking) A strip or block of wood used to distribute or direct clamping force.


boustrophedon

PIE word
 *gʷṓws
Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix).

bor+

βουστροφηδόν

af

(historical, calligraphy, of writing) In a fashion such that the reading direction changes from right-to-left to left-to-right with each new line.


boustrophedon

bor+

βουστροφηδόν

(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Written from right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines.


boustrophedon

en-noun

boustrophedon (countable and uncountable, plural boustrophedons)

boustrophedons (plural)
bustrophedon (alternative)

bor+

βουστροφηδόν

The number of Attic boustrophedon texts is fairly small; most of those just cited have been brought down by the experts to a date close to 550 B.C., a date to which several texts of more than one line inscribed left to right may also be assigned (cf. pp.56—57 infra), besides the four-line retrograde sep. mon. of Pediarchus cited in the previous section (cf. p.52 supra). Stone texts only really become numerous in Attica about 550, and by this time it is clear that left-to-right writing is just as common as boustrophedon, and may have been so even earlier.[…]After 540 boustrophedon was certainly unusual.

1980, Leslie Threatte, The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions: Phonology, page 55:

(Venetic apparently had both kinds of boustrophedon, either flipping the face of the characters when switching direction or else inverting them (Lejeune, 1974, pages 180-181).)

2000, Richard Sproat, A Computational Theory of Writing Systems, page 61:

He draws a sharp distinction between true boustrophedon, which has the tops of the runes pointed in the same direction, but with a change in the direction of writing with each line, and false boustrophedon, which changes from upright to inverted runes with each line, but the lines themselves are each written in the same direction.

2002, Elmer H. Antonsen, Runes and Germanic Linguistics, page 132:

(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Writing that is right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines.

بُطْرُفَة

writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right


carton

→ Persian: کارتن (kârton)


will o' the wisp

en-noun

will o' the wisp (plural will o' the wisps)

will o' the wisps (plural)
will-o'-the-wisp (alternative)
will-o'-wisp (alternative)
will of the wisp (alternative)
will-in-the-wisp (alternative)
Will-with-the-wisp (alternative)

/ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/

Will (“male given name”) + of + the + wisp (“bundle of straw or hay used as a torch”)

1988, Michael Weikath, "Keeper of the Seven Keys", Helloween, Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II.
Will o' the wisps / Misguiding your path / You can't throw a curse / Without takin' their wrath

Any of several kinds of pale, flickering light, appearing over marshland in many parts of the world with diverse folkloric explanations and multiple possible scientific explanations including bioluminescence and chemiluminescence.

(British folklore) A flickering light or lantern, especially over bogs, swamps or marshes, held by a supernatural creature who uses it to lure travelers at night to their demise.


composition

composition (countable and uncountable, plural compositions)

→ Korean: 컴포지션 (keompojisyeon)

/ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

From Middle English composicioun, borrowed from Old French composicion, from Latin compositiō, compositiōnem.

hyvitys

agreement to pay money in order to clear a liability or obligation

(painting, photography) The arrangement and flow of elements in a picture.

構圖 /构图

painting: arrangement and flow of elements in a picture


construction

construction (countable and uncountable, plural constructions)

From Middle English construccioun, construction, from Old French construction, from Latin cōnstructiō, from cōnstruere.
Morphologically construct + -ion.

"Construction in string and clockwork" took first prize.

(art) A (usually non-representational) structure, such as a collage etc.


hug

hug m (definite singular hugen, indefinite plural hugar, definite plural hugane)

hugen (definite singular)
hugar (indefinite plural)
hugane (definite plural)
hau (alternative)

From Old Norse hugr (“thought”), from Proto-Germanic *hugiz og uncertain origin. Cognates include Norwegian Bokmål hu.

(uncountable, folklore) an itch in the nose which comes when someone is thinking of one, or as a warning that someone is about to arrive


dorsal

From Late Middle English dorsal/dorsale, borrowing from Medieval Latin dorsālis (“of or relating to the back”), from dorsum (“the back”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to dorsum + -al.

af

(art) A hanging, usually of rich stuff, at the back of a throne, altar, etc.


moiré

fr-adj

moiré (feminine moirée, masculine plural moirés, feminine plural moirées)

moirée (feminine)
moirés (masculine plural)
moirées (feminine plural)

(design, textiles) moiré, watered (effect)


dau

From a Vulgar Latin *dadu, of uncertain origin; perhaps of Arabic origin, cf. أَعْدَاد (ʔaʕdād), or alternatively from Latin datum, from datus (“given”), the past participle of dare (“to give”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to lay out, to spread out”). Compare French dé, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese dado.


halo

From Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun or moon; ring of light around the sun or moon”), of unknown origin. The threshing floor's circular threshold or oxen walking on it in a circle gave rise to the other meanings. Used in English since 1563; the sense of light around someone’s head since 1646.

aureole

luminous disc around head of saints in paintings

massive astronomical compact halo object

massive astrophysical compact halo object

(art, religion, iconography) a circular annulus ring, frequently luminous, often golden, floating above the head


halo

Internationalism; compare English halo, French halo, German Halo, ultimately from Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs).

(photography) halo (luminous border in a photograph around shiny or reflective objects)


abbozzo

We speak of a typical instance. Now what is typical? It is derived from the Greek τύπος, the name which Greek artists used of their first sketches, the abozzi of the Italians.

1886, Good Words and Sunday Magazine, volume 27, page 536:

But as regards the first six, might they not be mistaken for an abbozzo or first sketch of the Bill which was presented to Parliament in April 1886, one hundred and one years later?

1887 August 2, The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art, page 270:

Either way, it is far enough advanced beyond the early abbozzo stage that it would be better to designate it as "unfinished" than as an abbozzo.

1997, Richard E. Spear, The "Divine" Guido: Religion, Sex, Money, and Art in the World of Guido Reni:


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Dutch schenkel, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

(metalworking) A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with long bars for handling it.


abacule

Learned borrowing from Latin abaculus, a diminutive of abacus (“panel”).

(art and architecture) a mosaic tessera; tessella; abaculus


frottage

en-noun

frottage (countable and uncountable, plural frottages)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-frottage.wav

From French frottage (“rubbing”), from frotter (“to rub”) + -age (suffix forming nouns).

(uncountable, art) A method of making an image by placing a piece of paper against an object and then rubbing over it, usually with a pencil or charcoal.

(countable, art) An illustration made by means of frottage.


megapixel

megapixelek (plural)
megapixel (nominative singular)
megapixelek (nominative plural)
megapixelt (accusative singular)
megapixeleket (accusative plural)
megapixelnek (dative singular)
megapixeleknek (dative plural)
megapixellel (instrumental singular)
megapixelekkel (instrumental plural)
megapixelért (causal-final singular)
megapixelekért (causal-final plural)
megapixellé (singular translative)
megapixelekké (plural translative)
megapixelig (singular terminative)
megapixelekig (plural terminative)
megapixelként (essive-formal singular)
megapixelekként (essive-formal plural)
megapixelben (inessive singular)
megapixelekben (inessive plural)
megapixelen (singular superessive)
megapixeleken (plural superessive)
megapixelnél (adessive singular)
megapixeleknél (adessive plural)
megapixelbe (illative singular)
megapixelekbe (illative plural)
megapixelre (singular sublative)
megapixelekre (plural sublative)
megapixelhez (allative singular)
megapixelekhez (allative plural)
megapixelből (elative singular)
megapixelekből (elative plural)
megapixelről (delative singular)
megapixelekről (delative plural)
megapixeltől (ablative singular)
megapixelektől (ablative plural)
megapixelé (singular)
megapixeleké (plural)
megapixeléi (singular)
megapixelekéi (plural)
megapixelem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
megapixeljeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
megapixeled (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
megapixeljeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
megapixelje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
megapixeljei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
megapixelünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
megapixeljeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
megapixeletek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
megapixeljeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
megapixeljük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
megapixeljeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

(photography) megapixel (unit of resolution of digital cameras equal to one million pixels)


flyer

→ Finnish: flaijeri

→ French: flyer

→ German: Flyer

→ Korean: 플라이어 (peullaieo)

→ Portuguese: flyer

From fly + -er (agent noun suffix).
With regard to the sense "female kangaroo": because of the high speed at which they move.

Coordinate term: base

(acrobatics, cheerleading, synchronized swimming) A person who is lifted and/or thrown by another person or persons.


dap

en-verb

dap (third-person singular simple present daps, present participle dapping, simple past and past participle dapped)

daps (present singular third-person)
dapping (participle present)
dapped (participle past)
dapped (past)

Onomatopoeic, from the sound made when a person runs while wearing daps.

(metalworking) To create a hollow indentation.


blotto

From blot + -o. The verb sense “to be annihilated or destroyed” may be related to blot out.

The authors' most penetrating work seems to me, their contribution along the lines of the interview with the child, the use of sketches, blottoes, etc. "Draw a picture of this house. Who lives there? Show where the different members sleep" […]

1932, Public Health Reviews, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Division of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Michigan, →OCLC:

The pictures on these cards which I am going to show you are such ink-blot pictures. They do not really represent anything. They are accidental blottos. All you have to do is to look at them one by one and tell me what they might be, what they could represent for you.

1942, Bruno Klopfer, Douglas McGlashan Kelley, “Appendix to Part Three”, in The Rorschach Technique: A Manual for a Projective Method of Personality Diagnosis, Yonkers-on-Hudson, N.Y.: World Book Company, →OCLC, page 292:

The ink splattered blottoes on the wall. The door closed precipitately. Screaming, "Told those monkeys to stay out unless I said come in!" The door opened and the jet brunette with the perfect profile minced in wearing a look of critical suffering.

1946, Theodora Du Bois, Death Sails in a High Wind, London: T[homas] V[olney] Boardman & Co., →OCLC, page 134:

One can object to a few of the crafts included—paper punch pictures, blottos and metal foil sculpture—because they are more likely to lead to "tricks" than to art.

1955, Craft Horizons, volume 15, New York, N.Y.: American Craft Council, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 49:

She feels that whatever they absorb of the basic fundamentals of art will be valuable in later life. Even a knowledge of balanced colors may be a help later in decorating a home. She starts them simply with ordinary "blottos." "Then they learn perspective, and the various techniques. I try to take them through as many as possible; water color, crayons, charcoal, tempera, and india ink, casein—everything but oil."

1963, Themis of Zeta Tau Alpha, volume 62, number 1, Menasha, Wis.: Zeta Tau Alpha, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 19, column 3:

Under the topic of Color, creative writing students will create blottos, using the primary colors; will listen for "color" in a familiar song and then write their own words; and, with the help of resource people from Mesabi Community College, will attempt to show color through facial expression […]

1974, Minnesota Elementary School Principal, St. Paul, Minn.: Minnesota Elementary School Principals' Association, →OCLC, page 132, column 1:

(art) An artwork created using blots of ink or paint.


exempt

ca-adj

exempt (feminine exempta, masculine plural exempts, feminine plural exemptes)

exempta (feminine)
exempts (masculine plural)
exemptes (feminine plural)

una escultura exempta


concretism

en-noun

concretism (countable and uncountable, plural concretisms)

(art) An abstractionist painting movement that evolved in the 1930s.


haul

From Middle English hālen, hailen, haulen, halien (“to drag, pull; to draw up”), from Old French haler (“to haul, pull”), from Frankish *halōn (“to drag, fetch, haul”) or Middle Dutch halen (“to drag, fetch, haul”), possibly merging with Old English *halian (“to haul, drag”); all from Proto-Germanic *halōną, *halēną, *hulōną (“to call, fetch, summon”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, summon”). The noun is derived from the verb.
Cognates
The word is cognate with Danish hale (“to haul”), Middle Dutch halen (“to draw, fetch, haul”), Dutch halen (“to fetch, bring, haul”), Old Frisian halia, Saterland Frisian halen (“to draw, haul, pull”), Low German halen (“to draw, pull”), Old High German halôn, holôn, German holen (“to fetch, get”), Norwegian hale (“to haul”), Old Saxon halôn (“to fetch, get”), Swedish hala (“to hale, haul, pull, tug”), and related to Old English ġeholian (“to get, obtain”).

cog

When the collected yarns number about 400, they are coiled up in a haul, and are ready either for tarring, or laying into white ropes. Previous to the haul being taken up for tarring, there is a slight turn put into it to keep it from getting entangled in the tar-kettle. […] 400 of such threads constituted a haul, and weighed 12 cwt. 2 qrs, and when tarred 15 cwt.

1842, B. S., “Rope-making”, in Macvey Napier, editor, The Encyclopædia Britannica, Or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, 7th edition, volume XIX, issue 2, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, →OCLC, page 461, column 2:

(ropemaking) A bundle of many threads to be tarred.


veneer

en-verb

veneer (third-person singular simple present veneers, present participle veneering, simple past and past participle veneered)

veneers (present singular third-person)
veneering (participle present)
veneered (participle past)
veneered (past)

From German Furnier, from furnieren (“to inlay, cover with a veneer”), from French fournir (“to furnish, accomplish”), from Middle French fornir, from Old French fornir, furnir (“to furnish”), from Old Frankish frumjan (“to provide”), from Proto-Germanic *frumjaną (“to further, promote”). Cognate with Old High German frumjan, frummen (“to accomplish, execute, provide”), Old English fremian (“to promote, perform”). More at furnish.

cog

to veneer a piece of furniture with mahogany

The stateroom walls are veneered with finely figured English chestnut with the skirting and mouldings in English walnut.

1947 January and February, “South African Royal Train”, in Railway Magazine, page 36:

(transitive, woodworking) To apply veneer to.


developed

en-adj

developed (comparative more developed, superlative most developed)

more developed (comparative)
most developed (superlative)

(photography, of film) Processed and fixed; containing a visible negative (or positive for slide film) image


quadro

From Latin quadrum. Compare Galician cadro, Spanish cuadro, and Italian quadro.


bugbear

bugbears (plural)
bug-bear (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-bugbear.wav

From obsolete meaning of bug (“something terrifying”) + bear. See Middle English bugge, modern bogey.

Ha, ha: alas poore wretch: a poore Chipochia, haſt not ſlept to night? would he not (a naughty man) let it ſleepe: a bug-beare take him.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

“How could you lie so glaringly as to affirm I hated the ‘poor child’? and invent bugbear stories to terrify her from my door-stones?[…]”

1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter XXII, in Wuthering Heights: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC:

"My young friends," quietly replied Jason, "I do not wonder that you think the dragon very terrible. You have grown up from infancy in the fear of this monster, and therefore still regard him with the awe that children feel for the bugbears and hobgoblins which their nurses have talked to them about.[…]"

1853, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Golden Fleece”, in Tanglewood Tales:

The partisans of the Administration object to the word “imperialism,” calling it a mere bugbear having no real existence.

1900, Carl Schurz, For Truth, Justice and Liberty:

(folklore, fantasy) A generic creature, often described as a large goblin, meant to inspire fear in children.


biscuit

en-noun

biscuit (countable and uncountable, plural biscuits)

Tok Pisin: bisket

→ Bengali: বিস্কুট (biskuṭ)

→ Burmese: ဘီစကွတ် (bhica.kwat)

→ Cebuano: biskuwít, biskwit

→ Fiji Hindi: biskut

→ Gujarati: બિસ્કિટ (biskiṭ)

→ Hausa: bìskît

desc

ביסקוויט//בִּיסְקְוִיט

→ Hebrew: ביסקוויט /בִּיסְקְוִיט (bískvit)

→ Hiligaynon: biskwit

desctree

→ Hindi: बिस्कुट (biskuṭ)
→ Jarawa: biskuʈ (“biscuit”)

→ Indonesian: beskit, biskit

→ Japanese: ビスケット (bisuketto)

→ Korean: 비스켓 (biseuket)

→ Malay: biskut

→ Marshallese: petkōj

→ Punjabi: ਬਿਸਕੁਟ (biskuṭ)

→⇒ Scottish Gaelic: briosgaid

→ Spanish: bísquet, bísquete

→ Swahili: biskuti

→ Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠍꠇꠥꠐ (bisókuṭ)

→ Tagalog: biskuwit

→ Thai: บิสกิต (bís-gìt)

→ Urdu: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)
→ Ushojo: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)

→ Yoruba: bisikíìtì

→ Zulu: bhisikidi

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-biscuit.wav

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From earlier bisket, from Middle English bisquyte, from Old French bescuit (French biscuit); doublet of biscotto.

(woodworking) A thin oval wafer of wood or other material inserted into mating slots on pieces of material to be joined to provide gluing surface and strength in shear.

lamelverbinding

woodworking: wafer to provide gluing surface


autograph

/ˈɔːtəɡɹɑːf/

From Latin autographum, in turn from Ancient Greek αὐτόγραφον (autógraphon, “a writing in one’s own hand”). Equivalent to auto- + -graph.

uder

Schiff […] believes most of the drawings are autograph.

1979, Nancy L Pressly, The Fuseli Circle in Rome, Yale Center for British Art, p. 37

Not surprisingly, he attributed to Kauffman two important works that are no longer accepted as autograph.

1992, Malise Forbes Adam, Mary Mauchline, edited by Wendy Wassyng Roworth, Angelica Kauffman, Reaktion Books, published 1992, page 116:

(art) Made by the artist himself or herself; authentic.


pickle

en-noun

pickle (countable and uncountable, plural pickles)

→ Dutch: pickles

→ French: pickles

→ Irish: picil

→ Korean: 피클 (pikeul)

→ Portuguese: picles

→ Spanish: pickles, picle

→ Welsh: picil

From Middle English pikel (“spicy sauce served with meat or fish”), borrowed from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pekel (“brine”). Cognate with Scots pikkill (“salt liquor, brine”), Saterland Frisian Piekele (“pickle, brine”), Dutch pekel (“pickle, brine”), Low German pekel, peckel, pickel, bickel (“pickle, brine”), German Pökel (“pickle, brine”).

cog

(metalworking) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale, rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their colour.

киселинна вана

metalworking: bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc.


actinic

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν- (aktís, aktîn-, “ray”) + -ic.

der

ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν-

It should be borne in mind that the actinic power of the sun is subject to considerable variations, due to its elevation above the horizon.

1883, Abraham Cowley Malley, Micro-photography: Including a Description of the Wet Collodion and Gelatino-Bromide Processes, page 32:

I got my picture, and it turned out quite a good one, despite the rather poor light which at that time of day, 7 p.m., was lacking in actinic value.

1943 May and June, Chas. S. Lake, “Some Continental Travel Experiences (1922-1939)—III”, in Railway Magazine, page 141:

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(chemistry, photography) Of or relating to actinism, the range of photochemical effects produced by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, particularly sunlight.


kasha

(folklore) A yokai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds.


ethos

ethe (plural)
ethea (plural)
ethoses (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “character; custom, habit”). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́, “habit, custom”).

cog

(art) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character, as influenced by the ethos (character or fundamental values) of a people, rather than emotional situations or individual character traits in a narrow sense; opposed to pathos.


hyper

en-verb

hyper (third-person singular simple present hypers, present participle hypering, simple past and past participle hypered)

hypers (present singular third-person)
hypering (participle present)
hypered (participle past)
hypered (past)

Shortenings, all ultimately from the prefix hyper-.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-hyper.wav

In the last fifteen years more and more amateurs, particularly in the USA, have been hypersensitising (‘hypering’) film to improve its performance. ¶ The hypering process removes moisture from the film and lightly pre-fogs the emulsion to form sites around which grains can form.

1995, M[artin] Mobberley, “Auxiliary Equipment” (chapter 6), in Patrick Moore, editor, The Modern Amateur Astronomer, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 78:

(transitive, photography) To subject (a film or plate) to photographic hypersensitization, chiefly as a technique in astrophotography.


mimesis

mimesis (nominative singular)
mimesikset (nominative plural)
mimesis (accusative nominative singular)
mimesikset (accusative nominative plural)
mimesiksen (accusative genitive singular)
mimesikset (accusative genitive plural)
mimesiksen (genitive singular)
mimesisten (genitive plural)
mimesiksien (genitive plural)
mimesistä (partitive singular)
mimesiksiä (partitive plural)
mimesiksessä (inessive singular)
mimesiksissä (inessive plural)
mimesiksestä (elative singular)
mimesiksistä (elative plural)
mimesikseen (illative singular)
mimesiksiin (illative plural)
mimesiksellä (adessive singular)
mimesiksillä (adessive plural)
mimesikseltä (ablative singular)
mimesiksiltä (ablative plural)
mimesikselle (allative singular)
mimesiksille (allative plural)
mimesiksenä (essive singular)
mimesiksinä (essive plural)
mimesikseksi (singular translative)
mimesiksiksi (plural translative)
mimesiksettä (abessive singular)
mimesiksittä (abessive plural)
mimesiksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mimesikseni (nominative singular)
mimesikseni (nominative plural)
mimesikseni (accusative nominative singular)
mimesikseni (accusative nominative plural)
mimesikseni (accusative genitive singular)
mimesikseni (accusative genitive plural)
mimesikseni (genitive singular)
mimesisteni (genitive plural)
mimesiksieni (genitive plural)
mimesistäni (partitive singular)
mimesiksiäni (partitive plural)
mimesiksessäni (inessive singular)
mimesiksissäni (inessive plural)
mimesiksestäni (elative singular)
mimesiksistäni (elative plural)
mimesikseeni (illative singular)
mimesiksiini (illative plural)
mimesikselläni (adessive singular)
mimesiksilläni (adessive plural)
mimesikseltäni (ablative singular)
mimesiksiltäni (ablative plural)
mimesikselleni (allative singular)
mimesiksilleni (allative plural)
mimesiksenäni (essive singular)
mimesiksinäni (essive plural)
mimesiksekseni (singular translative)
mimesiksikseni (plural translative)
mimesiksettäni (abessive singular)
mimesiksittäni (abessive plural)
mimesiksineni (comitative plural)
mimesiksesi (nominative singular)
mimesiksesi (nominative plural)
mimesiksesi (accusative nominative singular)
mimesiksesi (accusative nominative plural)
mimesiksesi (accusative genitive singular)
mimesiksesi (accusative genitive plural)
mimesiksesi (genitive singular)
mimesistesi (genitive plural)
mimesiksiesi (genitive plural)
mimesistäsi (partitive singular)
mimesiksiäsi (partitive plural)
mimesiksessäsi (inessive singular)
mimesiksissäsi (inessive plural)
mimesiksestäsi (elative singular)
mimesiksistäsi (elative plural)
mimesikseesi (illative singular)
mimesiksiisi (illative plural)
mimesikselläsi (adessive singular)
mimesiksilläsi (adessive plural)
mimesikseltäsi (ablative singular)
mimesiksiltäsi (ablative plural)
mimesiksellesi (allative singular)
mimesiksillesi (allative plural)
mimesiksenäsi (essive singular)
mimesiksinäsi (essive plural)
mimesikseksesi (singular translative)
mimesiksiksesi (plural translative)
mimesiksettäsi (abessive singular)
mimesiksittäsi (abessive plural)
mimesiksinesi (comitative plural)
mimesiksemme (nominative singular)
mimesiksemme (nominative plural)
mimesiksemme (accusative nominative singular)
mimesiksemme (accusative nominative plural)
mimesiksemme (accusative genitive singular)
mimesiksemme (accusative genitive plural)
mimesiksemme (genitive singular)
mimesistemme (genitive plural)
mimesiksiemme (genitive plural)
mimesistämme (partitive singular)
mimesiksiämme (partitive plural)
mimesiksessämme (inessive singular)
mimesiksissämme (inessive plural)
mimesiksestämme (elative singular)
mimesiksistämme (elative plural)
mimesikseemme (illative singular)
mimesiksiimme (illative plural)
mimesiksellämme (adessive singular)
mimesiksillämme (adessive plural)
mimesikseltämme (ablative singular)
mimesiksiltämme (ablative plural)
mimesiksellemme (allative singular)
mimesiksillemme (allative plural)
mimesiksenämme (essive singular)
mimesiksinämme (essive plural)
mimesikseksemme (singular translative)
mimesiksiksemme (plural translative)
mimesiksettämme (abessive singular)
mimesiksittämme (abessive plural)
mimesiksinemme (comitative plural)
mimesiksenne (nominative singular)
mimesiksenne (nominative plural)
mimesiksenne (accusative nominative singular)
mimesiksenne (accusative nominative plural)
mimesiksenne (accusative genitive singular)
mimesiksenne (accusative genitive plural)
mimesiksenne (genitive singular)
mimesistenne (genitive plural)
mimesiksienne (genitive plural)
mimesistänne (partitive singular)
mimesiksiänne (partitive plural)
mimesiksessänne (inessive singular)
mimesiksissänne (inessive plural)
mimesiksestänne (elative singular)
mimesiksistänne (elative plural)
mimesikseenne (illative singular)
mimesiksiinne (illative plural)
mimesiksellänne (adessive singular)
mimesiksillänne (adessive plural)
mimesikseltänne (ablative singular)
mimesiksiltänne (ablative plural)
mimesiksellenne (allative singular)
mimesiksillenne (allative plural)
mimesiksenänne (essive singular)
mimesiksinänne (essive plural)
mimesikseksenne (singular translative)
mimesiksiksenne (plural translative)
mimesiksettänne (abessive singular)
mimesiksittänne (abessive plural)
mimesiksinenne (comitative plural)
mimesiksensä (nominative singular)
mimesiksensä (nominative plural)
mimesiksensä (accusative nominative singular)
mimesiksensä (accusative nominative plural)
mimesiksensä (accusative genitive singular)
mimesiksensä (accusative genitive plural)
mimesiksensä (genitive singular)
mimesistensä (genitive plural)
mimesiksiensä (genitive plural)
mimesistään (partitive singular)
mimesistänsä (partitive singular)
mimesiksiään (partitive plural)
mimesiksiänsä (partitive plural)
mimesiksessään (inessive singular)
mimesiksessänsä (inessive singular)
mimesiksissään (inessive plural)
mimesiksissänsä (inessive plural)
mimesiksestään (elative singular)
mimesiksestänsä (elative singular)
mimesiksistään (elative plural)
mimesiksistänsä (elative plural)
mimesikseensä (illative singular)
mimesiksiinsä (illative plural)
mimesiksellään (adessive singular)
mimesiksellänsä (adessive singular)
mimesiksillään (adessive plural)
mimesiksillänsä (adessive plural)
mimesikseltään (ablative singular)
mimesikseltänsä (ablative singular)
mimesiksiltään (ablative plural)
mimesiksiltänsä (ablative plural)
mimesikselleen (allative singular)
mimesiksellensä (allative singular)
mimesiksilleen (allative plural)
mimesiksillensä (allative plural)
mimesiksenään (essive singular)
mimesiksenänsä (essive singular)
mimesiksinään (essive plural)
mimesiksinänsä (essive plural)
mimesiksekseen (singular translative)
mimesikseksensä (singular translative)
mimesiksikseen (plural translative)
mimesiksiksensä (plural translative)
mimesiksettään (abessive singular)
mimesiksettänsä (abessive singular)
mimesiksittään (abessive plural)
mimesiksittänsä (abessive plural)
mimesiksineen (comitative plural)
mimesiksinensä (comitative plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μῑ́μησις (mī́mēsis).


mimesis

Learned borrowing from Latin mīmēsis, from Ancient Greek μῑ́μησις (mī́mēsis).

(art, literature) mimesis (representation of aspects of the real world, especially human actions)


panorama

pl-noun

panorama f (related adjective panoramowy)

panoramowy (adjective)
panorama (nominative singular)
panoramy (nominative plural)
panoramy (genitive singular)
panoram (genitive plural)
panoramie (dative singular)
panoramom (dative plural)
panoramę (accusative singular)
panoramy (accusative plural)
panoramą (instrumental singular)
panoramami (instrumental plural)
panoramie (locative singular)
panoramach (locative plural)
panoramo (singular vocative)
panoramy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English panorama, French panorama, German Panorama, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὅραμα (hórama).

(photography) panorama (photograph depicting an extensive view, usually viewed from an elevated position) [with genitive ‘of what’]


surrealism

en-noun

surrealism (countable and uncountable, plural surrealisms)

From French surréalisme. By surface analysis, sur- + realism or surreal + -ism.

(art) An artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious.

սյուրռեալիզմ

artistic movement and aesthetic philosophy

(informal, art) Art with a surreal aesthetic or narrative, regardless of whether or not it is linked to the surrealist movement.


leprechaun

leprechauns (plural)
lepracaun (alternative)

→ German: Leprechaun

desc

→ Italian: leprecauno, leprechaun (unadapted), leprecano, lepricauno

→ Japanese: レプラコーン (repurakōn)

→ Korean: 레프러콘 (repeureokon)

→ Portuguese: leprechaun

→ Russian: лепреко́н (leprekón)

→ Spanish: leprechaun

/ˈlɛpɹəkɔːn/

/ˈlɛpɹəˌkɔn/

/ˈlɛpɹəˌkɑn/

From Irish leipreachán, luprachán, from Middle Irish luchrupán, from Old Irish luchorpán. See also Irish lucharachán.
The word's further etymology is disputed; it is traditionally explained as a compound containing lú (“small”, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-) + corp (“body”, which is from Latin corpus). However, an alternative suggestion is that it is a derivative of Latin Lupercī (“priests of Lupercus”), who were misinterpreted as an antediluvian species by medieval Irish scholars.

af

from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*h₁lengʷʰ-</i>

which is from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">corpus</i>

Do you not catch the tiny clamour, / Busy click of an elfin hammer, / Voice of the leprechaun singing shrill, / As he merrily plies his trade?

1888, William Allingham, “The Lepracaun; or Fairy Shoemaker”, in William Butler Yeats, editor, Irish Fairy and Folk Tales, pages 86–87:

(Irish folklore) One of a race of elves that can reveal hidden treasure to those who catch them.

（愛爾蘭民間傳說裡的）短妖精 /（爱尔兰民间传说里的）短妖精

[Àiěrlán mínjiān chuánshuō lǐ de] duǎn yāojing


leprechaun

Unadapted borrowing from English leprechaun, from Irish leipreachán.


manikin

Borrowed from English mannequin, from French mannequin, from Dutch manneken. Doublet of maniki.


diorama

diorama (nominative singular)
dioramy (nominative plural)
dioramy (genitive singular)
dioram (genitive plural)
dioramie (dative singular)
dioramom (dative plural)
dioramę (accusative singular)
dioramy (accusative plural)
dioramą (instrumental singular)
dioramami (instrumental plural)
dioramie (locative singular)
dioramach (locative plural)
dioramo (singular vocative)
dioramy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French diorama, from Ancient Greek δια- (dia-) + ὅραμα (hórama).

(art) diorama (three-dimensional display of a scenery)


diorama

[d͡ʒɪ.oˈɾɐ̃.mɐ]

/d͡ʒjoˈɾɐ̃.mɐ/

[d͡ʒɪ.oˈɾɐ̃.mɐ]

/d͡ʒjoˈɾɐ̃.mɐ/

(art) diorama (a three-dimensional display of a scenery)


lantern

lanterns (plural)
lanthorn (alternative archaic)

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).

ncog

(metalworking) A perforated barrel to form a core upon.


highlight

highlights (plural)
hilite (alternative informal)

The image blurred into the highlight, like something familiar seen beneath disturbed though clear water; he looked at the familiar image with a kind of quiet horror and despair, at a face suddenly older in sin than he would ever be, a face more blurred than sweet, at eyes more secret than soft.

1931, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Library of America, published 1985, page 114:

(painting, photography) An area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated.

llum

strongly illuminated area in a drawing, painting, or photograph


pietà

Inherited from Old Italian pietade, pietate, from Latin pietātem (“piety”, “pity”). By surface analysis, pio (“pious”) + -età (“-ity”).

surf

pieta (alternative)
pietade (alternative)
pietate (alternative)


intensifier

From intensify + -er; from the most common use of such terms, to intensify an adjective.

(photography) A chemical agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a photograph.

vahvistin

a chemical agent used to intensify the lights or shadows of a photograph


forcing

en-noun

forcing (countable and uncountable, plural forcings)

(photography) An extension in the development time of an underexposed negative in order to bring out detail


reduction

reduction (countable and uncountable, plural reductions)

From Middle English reduccion, a borrowing from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

The final stage of thickness reduction (typically 90% from about 2mm to <0.2mm) is carried out by cold rolling.

2016, Gordon L. Robertson, Food Packaging Principles and Practice, 3rd edition, page 191:

(metalworking) The ratio of a material's change in thickness compared to its thickness prior to forging and/or rolling.


scorcio

Deverbal from scorciare (“to shorten”) + -o.

it-deverbal

(art) foreshortening (technique for creating the appearance that the object of a drawing is extending into space)


pastel

en-noun

pastel (countable and uncountable, plural pastels)

Borrowed from French pastel, from Italian pastello (“pastel”), from Medieval Latin pastellum (“dough, paste”), from Latin pasta (“dough, paste”), ultimately from Ancient Greek πάστη (pástē, “dough, paste”). Doublet of pastegh, pastiglia, pastila, pastilla, and pastille.

doublet

(art) A drawing made with any of those colors.


pastel

→ English: pastel

→ Danish: pastel

→ Dutch: pastel

→ Indonesian: pastel

→ Romanian: pastel

From Italian pastello (“pastel”), from Medieval Latin pastellum (“dough, paste”), from Latin pasta (“dough, paste”), ultimately from Ancient Greek πάστη (pástē, “dough, paste”). Doublet of pastille.


pastel

From Old French pastel. Cognate with English pastel.


pastel

pastél (canonical)
ᜉᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
pastil (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish pastel, from Old French pastel, from Italian pastello, from Medieval Latin pastellum, from Latin pasta, ultimately from Ancient Greek πάστη (pástē).


initial

From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).

(typography, calligraphy) A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document.

caplletra

calligraphy: distinguished initial letter


kall

kall m (definite singular kallen, indefinite plural kallar, definite plural kallane)

kallen (definite singular)
kallar (indefinite plural)
kallane (definite plural)

From Old Norse karl, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz. Doublet of kar. Cognates include Elfdalian kall and Swedish karl.

(folklore) (a general term for) a male supernatural creature


focal point

(art) A feature that attracts particular attention.


prunt

Unknown. Akin to English print, Scots prent (“a print”), Dutch prent (“a print”).

(glassblowing) A small piece of glass fused to the main body of a piece of glasswork and then shaped or pressed, for decoration


overlap

en-verb

overlap (third-person singular simple present overlaps, present participle overlapping, simple past and past participle overlapped)

overlaps (present singular third-person)
overlapping (participle present)
overlapped (participle past)
overlapped (past)

From over- + lap.
Cognate with Dutch overlap.

(art) An illusion of depth is created when one object partially covers another.


orthochromatic

(photography) Sensitive to all colours except red


MLA

MLAs (plural)
M.L.A. (alternative)
M. L. A. (alternative)

(in the US, art) Initialism of master of liberal arts.


bois

fr-noun

bois m (countable and uncountable, plural bois)

Inherited from Middle French boys, from Old French bois, from Early Medieval Latin boscus, borrowed from Frankish *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz.

etymon

croix de bois, croix de fer, si je mens, je vais en enfer


cartoon

Punch (magazine)
Russian Bear
The Great Game
cartoon

→ Portuguese: cartune, cartum

→ Swahili: katuni

In British English first, from French carton (“sketch, cardboard, card”), from Italian cartone (“cardboard, carton, box”), augmentative of carta (“paper”), from Latin carta (“papyrus, paper”), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs) (see there for further etymology). Doublet of carton and card.

tekenprent

animated cartoon — see also animated cartoon

(art) A full-sized drawing that serves as the template for a fresco, a tapestry, etc.


cartoon

en-verb

cartoon (third-person singular simple present cartoons, present participle cartooning, simple past and past participle cartooned)

cartoons (present singular third-person)
cartooning (participle present)
cartooned (participle past)
cartooned (past)

(art, comics, animation) To draw a cartoon, a humorous drawing.


cartoon

Unadapted borrowing from English cartoon.


multiplex

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-multiplex.wav

From multi- + -plex or multi- + complex.

(juggling) A throwing motion where more than one ball is thrown with one hand at the same time.


multiplex

en-verb

multiplex (third-person singular simple present multiplexes, present participle multiplexing, simple past and past participle multiplexed)

multiplexes (present singular third-person)
multiplexing (participle present)
multiplexed (participle past)
multiplexed (past)


opener

(metalworking) A person employed to separate sheets of hot metal that become stuck together.


lucharachán

head

lucharachán m (genitive singular lucharacháin, nominative plural lucharacháin)

lucharacháin (genitive singular)
lucharacháin (nominative plural)
lucharachán (indefinite nominative singular)
lucharacháin (indefinite nominative plural)
a lucharacháin (indefinite singular vocative)
a lucharachána (indefinite plural vocative)
lucharacháin (genitive indefinite singular)
lucharachán (genitive indefinite plural)
lucharachán (dative indefinite singular)
lucharacháin (dative indefinite plural)
an lucharachán (definite nominative singular)
na lucharacháin (definite nominative plural)
an lucharacháin (definite genitive singular)
na lucharachán (definite genitive plural)
leis an lucharachán (dative definite singular)
don lucharachán (dative definite singular)
leis na lucharacháin (dative definite plural)
leipreachán (alternative)
lucharbán (alternative)
luchargán (alternative)
lucharpán (alternative)
luchormán (alternative)
luchorpán (alternative)
luchramán (alternative)
luprachán (alternative)

/ˈl̪ˠʊxəɾˠəxɑːnˠ/

From Middle Irish luchrupán, from Old Irish luchorpán (from Old Irish lú (“small”, from Proto-Indo-European *legʷʰ-) + corp (“body”, which is from Latin corpus) + -án (diminutive suffix)).

af

from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*legʷʰ-</i>


zoom lens

Now I’m looking at a flashback Sunday.
Zoom lens feelings just won’t disappear.
Close-up darkroom sweet-talk in my ear.

1981 October 26, The J. Geils Band, “Freeze-Frame”, in Freeze-Frame:

(photography) A lens containing a mechanical assembly of inner lenses, allowing the focal length to be changed rapidly.

zoomlinse

lens whose focal length can be rapidly changed


glory hole

(glassblowing) A hole in the side of a furnace used to heat glass held on a metal rod.

trummeli

glassblowing: hole in the side of a furnace


knock up

en-verb

knock up (third-person singular simple present knocks up, present participle knocking up, simple past and past participle knocked up)

knocks up (present singular third-person)
knocking up (participle present)
knocked up (participle past)
knocked up (past)

to knock up printed sheets

(bookbinding) To make even at the edges, or to shape into book form.


fantasia

fantasias (plural)
phantasia (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fantasia.wav

Borrowed from Italian fantasia (“imagination, fancy, fantasy; musical composition with improvisational characteristics”), from Latin phantasia (“fancy, fantasy; imagination”), borrowed from Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (phăntăsĭ́ā, “appearance, look; display, presentation; pageantry, pomp; impression, perception; image”), from φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (phắntăsĭs) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (Phắntăsĭs) is derived from φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phăntắzō, “to make visible, show; to become visible, appear; to imagine”), from φαίνω (phaínō, “to appear; to reveal; to shine”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). The English word is a doublet of fancy, fantasy, phantasia, and phantasy.

doublet

It is, however, a ceremony of immense antiquity, and the chief civil festival of the year among the Arabs, who love nothing more dearly than a "phantasia" of this sort.

1872 October 19, “The Cutting of the Nile: From The Pall Mall Gazette”, in Littel’s Living Age, volume XXVII (Fourth Series; volume CXV overall), number 1480, Boston, Mass.: Littel & Gay, →OCLC, page 189, column 2:

When, at the head-centre, the lady demonstrator, armed with a Brobdingnagian whalebone needle, threaded with a bright red cord, executed herringboned fantasias on a canvas frame resembling a violin stand, it all looked easy enough.

1899, I[srael] Zangwill, “The Keeper of Conscience”, in “They that Walk in Darkness”: Ghetto Tragedies, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Jewish Publication Society of America, →OCLC, section VII, page 289:

Consequently 'War in the Air' means social destruction instead of victory as the end of war. It not only alters the methods of war but the consequences of war. After all that has happened since this fantasia of possibility was written, I do not think that there is much wrong with this thesis.

[1921], H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Preface”, in The War in the Air (Collins’ Thin Paper Pocket Edition; 20), London, Glasgow: Collins Clear-Type Press, →OCLC; quoted in Charles E. Gannon, “Promoters of the Probable, Prophets of the Possible: Technological Innovation and Edwardian Near-future War Fiction”, in Rumors of War and Infernal Machines: Technomilitary Agenda-setting in American and British Speculative Fiction, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003, →ISBN, page 82:

[The Warrior's Barrow (Kjæmpehøjen)] admirably conformed to his employers' National-Romantic aims. This is equally true of the four new plays with which [Henrik] Ibsen honoured his contract: St. John's Night) (Sancthansnatten, 1853), a phantasia having a good deal in common with [William] Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream [...]

1966, Brian W[esterdale] Downs, “Ibsen before 1884”, in Modern Norwegian Literature 1860–1918, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, published 2010, →ISBN, page 44:

These are the years in which she [Ellen Terry] begins to sign her letters in a phantasia of different names.

1987, Nina Auerbach, “Our Lady of the Lyceum”, in Joan DeJean, Carroll Smith-Rosenberg, Peter Stallybrass, Gary Tomlinson, editors, Ellen Terry, Player in Her Time (New Cultural Studies), Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, published 1997, →ISBN, page 209:

Her art is always with her, clothing her from throat to toes in an indelible fantasia of color and form and myth.

2003, Ann K. Schwader, “Body of Work”, in Kevin L. O’Brien, editor, Strange Stars & Alien Shadows: The Dark Fiction of Ann K. Schwader, Aurora, Colo.: Lindisfarne Press, →ISBN, page 39:

David and my parents looked up from passing bowls of potato and chicken salad. Great, a mayonnaise fantasia.

2012, Zoe Fishman, chapter 2, in Saving Ruth, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow, →ISBN:

[T]he zippy musical numbers in which Mary Poppins (a stiff-lipped Emily Blunt) whisks cherubs Annabel, John, and Georgie (Pixie Davies, Nathanael Saleh, and Joel Dawson, respectively) away into colorful hyperreal fantasias impress.

2018 December 12, Charles Bramesco, “A Spoonful of Nostalgia Helps the Calculated Mary Poppins Returns Go Down”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-05-24:

But by the early 2000s, we were seeing fewer games like DOOM that dealt in the fantasia of ultraviolence and more games that tried to replicate the everyday violence of military encounters.

2021 October 29, Trevor Strunk, “How To Get Away With Making An Ultraviolent Video Game”, in Defector:

(chiefly art, by extension) Any work which is unstructured or comprises other works of different genres or styles.


croquis

(art) A quick and sketchy drawing, often of a live model. Croquis drawings are usually made in a few minutes, after which the model changes pose and another croquis is drawn.


plena

(castells) in a castell with three or five castellers per level, the column to the right of the rengla


warmth

en-noun

warmth (countable and uncountable, plural warmths)

From Middle English warmth, warmeth, wermþe, from Old English *wiermþu (“warmth”), from Proto-West Germanic *warmiþu (“warmness; warmth”), corresponding to warm + -th (abstract nominal suffix). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Waarmte (“warmth”), West Frisian waarmte (“warmth”), Dutch warmte (“warmth”), German Low German Warmte, Warmt (“warmth”).

inh

(art) The effect of using mostly red and yellow hues.


copia

it-noun

copia f (plural copie, diminutive (uncommon) copiétta, augmentative copióne m, pejorative copiàccia)

copie (plural)
copiétta (diminutive uncommon)
copióne (augmentative masculine)
copiàccia (pejorative)

Borrowed from Latin cōpia (“abundance”).


cornetto

From corno (“horn”, from Latin cornū) + -etto (diminutive suffix).

suffix

from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">cornū</i>

(folklore) horn-shaped amulet resembling a hot pepper


pancake

en-noun

pancake (countable and uncountable, plural pancakes)

pancakes (plural)
pan cake (alternative)

→ Cantonese: 班戟 (baan¹ gik¹)

→ Mandarin: 班戟 (bānjǐ)

→ Cebuano: pankeyk

→ French: pancake

→ German: Pancake

desc

→ Hijazi Arabic: بانكيك (bānkēk, pānkēk)

→⇒ Irish: pancóg

→ Japanese: パンケーキ (pankēki)

→⇒ Khmer: នំផេនខេក (num pheenkheek)

→ Korean: 팬케이크 (paenkeikeu)

→ Nauruan: epankeik

→ Portuguese: panqueca, (dated) panqueque, (dated) pancake

→ Russian: панкейк (pankejk)

→ Spanish: (Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay) panqueque, (Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico) pancake, (Venezuela) panqueca

→ Thai: แพนเค้ก (pɛɛn-kéek)

→ Turkish: pankek

→ Azerbaijani: pankek

→ Yoruba: pan̄kéèkì

Inherited from Middle English pancake, panne cake, pankake, ponkake, equivalent to pan + cake.
Perhaps adapted from Middle Low German pankôke, pannekôke, from Old Saxon *pannakōko (suggested by derivatives Old Saxon pannakōkilo and pannakōkilīn), where the compound is much older; compare Old High German phankuohho (8th century), whence Middle High German phankuoche, German Pfannkuchen (“pancake”); further
Saterland Frisian Ponkouke, Ponkuuke (“pancake”), West Frisian pankoek (“pancake”), Dutch pannenkoek (“pancake”), German Low German Pannkook (“pancake”).
The juggling sense is by analogy with a pancake being tossed in a pan.

have been working on pancake throws with rings for the past few months and I have been trying to make the throws perfectly spun and as consistent as possible.

2004, Beinn Muir <bm260@nospam4me.cam.ac.uk>, “Ring juggling: pancake throws”, in rec.juggling (Usenet):

(countable, juggling) A type of throw, usually with a ring where the prop is thrown in such a way that it rotates round an axis of the diameter of the prop.


whimsy

en-noun

whimsy (usually uncountable, plural whimsies)

Probably from whims + -y. Related to whim-wham, whim.

(glassblowing, countable) The support that protects a finished piece as it is detached from a punty.


punt

Borrowed from French pointe or Spanish punto (“point”). Doublet of point, pointe, ponto, puncto, punctum, and punto.

doublet

(glassblowing) A thin glass rod which is temporarily attached to a larger piece in order to better manipulate the larger piece.


punt

punt m (definite singular punten, indefinite plural puntar, definite plural puntane)

punten (definite singular)
puntar (indefinite plural)
puntane (definite plural)


macro

en-noun

macro (countable and uncountable, plural macros)

1933, from macro-, from French, from Latin, from Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”).

Most macros are made by camera manufacturers to fit their cameras

1980, Popular Science, volume 217, number 6, page 94:

The lens was a macro, capable of everything from an “infinity shot” to a close-up in which a single fingerprint filled the entire frame.

(colloquial, photography, countable) Ellipsis of macro lens.


macro

(photography) Clipping of macrofotografico


engraving

engraving (countable and uncountable, plural engravings)

(art) The practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it.

نَقْشْ

the practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface


whipping

whipping (countable and uncountable, plural whippings)

(bookbinding) The sewing of the edges of single leaves in sections by overcasting the thread.


chevalet

(lutherie) bridge (of guitar, violin, etc.)

(rare, crafts) a structure used to keep whatever is being worked on at a certain height; a bench or table


pointing

pointing (countable and uncountable, plural pointings)

(art) The act or process of measuring, at the various distances from the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece of statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the artist's model.


wide-angle

en-adj

wide-angle (comparative wider-angle, superlative widest-angle)

wider-angle (comparative)
widest-angle (superlative)

(cinematography, photography) Of or pertaining to a short focal length lens that has an angle of view greater than about 70°; of or pertaining to an image produced with such a lens.


wide-angle lens

en-noun

wide-angle lens (plural wide-angle lenses)

(photography) A short focal length lens having a wide field of view.


winding

winding (countable and uncountable, plural windings)

The noun is derived from Middle English winding, windinge, wyndynge (“directional change, curve, turn; bend of the leg at the knee; meandering course of a river; act of turning and twisting; twisting of things (especially thread) together; wrapping of a cloth around something; wattling of a structure; wattle(s); ornamentation with interwoven patterns; hoisting of something”) [and other forms], and then partly:
* from winden, wynden (“to go, move; to move forcefully or suddenly; to direct, guide, lead; to go along a meandering or twisting course; to move in a circular pattern, revolve, turn; to move restlessly, toss and turn; to wriggle free; to move with a turning or twisting motion, bend, turn, twist; to form or mould (something) in one’s hands; to mix together; to cover; to clothe, dress; to wrap (a baby, a corpse, etc.); to encircle, surround; to bind; to interlace; to winch; (figurative) to conceal, disguise; to embroil, involve”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming gerund nouns, and the present participle forms of verbs).; and
* from Old English windung (“woven object”), from windan (“to twist, wind; to circle, curl, eddy, spiral”) (from Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind; to wrap”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn; to wind”)) + -ung (suffix forming nouns denoting a verbal action or something involved in a verbal action).
The adjective is derived from the verb.
The English word is analysable as wind (“to turn coils of (a cord, etc.) around something; to encircle, enfold, entwist, wrap; to travel in a way that is not straight”) + -ing (suffix forming present participial adjectives and verbs, and nouns denoting an action or the embodiment of an action).

suffix

(lutherie) Synonym of lapping (“lengths of fine silk, metal wire, or whalebone wrapped tightly around the stick of the bow of a string instrument adjacent to the leather part of the bow grip at the heel”).


windmill

From Middle English wyndmylne, wyndmylle, equivalent to wind + mill. Cognate with Scots wyndmyln, wyndmyl, Saterland Frisian Wíendmäälne, West Frisian wynmûne, Dutch windmolen, Afrikaans windmeul, Dutch Low Saxon windmölle (Achterhooks), wiendmeule (Drents, Veluws), German Low German Windmöhl, German Windmühle, Danish vindmølle, Norwegian Bokmål vindmølle, Norwegian Nynorsk vindmølle, vindmylne, Swedish vindmölla, Icelandic vindmylla.
(imaginary enemy): A reference to Don Quixote tilting at windmills.


colonial

From colónia /colônia (“colony”) + -al (“of or relating to”).

affix

Arquitetura colonial.

(chiefly art) colonial (relating to the period when a country was a colony)


resolution

en-noun

resolution (countable and uncountable, plural resolutions)

/ˌɹɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n/

Recorded since 1412, as Middle English resolucioun (“dissolution”), either from Anglo-Norman resolucion or directly from Latin resolūtiō (“a loosening, solution”), from resolvō (“to loosen”), itself from the intensive prefix re- + solvō (“to loosen”).

der

Coordinate term: granularity

Printing at higher resolution will cause a reduction in performance.

(computing, photography) The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced, often expressed as the number of pixels per unit of length (typically an inch).

دِقَّة

computing, photography: degree of fineness of image


dodge

en-verb

dodge (third-person singular simple present dodges, present participle dodging, simple past and past participle dodged)

dodges (present singular third-person)
dodging (participle present)
dodged (participle past)
dodged (past)

Likely from dialectal dodge, dod, dodd (“to jog, trudge along, totter", also "to jerk, jig”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from unrecorded Middle English *dodden, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *dud- (“to move”), related to Old English dydrian, dyderian (“to delude, deceive”), Middle English dideren (“to tremble, quake, shiver”), English dodder, Norwegian dudra (“to tremble”).

cog

Coordinate term: burn

(photography, videography) To decrease the exposure for certain areas of an image in order to make them darker.

varjostaa

photography: to decrease the exposure for certain areas of a print


curvilinear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-curvilinear.wav

From curve + -i- + linear, compare curve, linear.

In early art rectilinear decoration marks an advance on curvilinear, which, in the long ages before pottery was thought of, would naturally be associated with the fibrous baskets that served as vessels.

1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 52:


projection

en-noun

projection (countable and uncountable, plural projections)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/

From either the Middle French projection or its etymon, the Classical Latin prōiectiō (stem: prōiectiōn-), from prōiciō, equivalent to project + -ion. Compare the Modern French projection, the German Projektion, and the Italian proiezione.

(photography) The image that a translucent object casts onto another object.

heijastuma

photography: image cast by a translucent object


virtualize

en-verb

virtualize (third-person singular simple present virtualizes, present participle virtualizing, simple past and past participle virtualized)

virtualizes (present singular third-person)
virtualizing (participle present)
virtualized (participle past)
virtualized (past)
virtualise (alternative)

(transitive, art) To make or conform to a virtual reality.


campo

From Latin campus (“wild field”). Compare English camp.


repose

en-noun

repose (countable and uncountable, plural reposes)

Berthe Morisot
Rhode Island School of Design Museum
Édouard Manet

The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsĭs, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).
Noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.
Cognates
Catalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)
Italian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)
Old Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)
Portuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)
Spanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)

ref

From the collection of the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

col

Cognates

հանգիստ

temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; an instance of this — see also break, rest

lepo

of the face, a muscle, etc.: state of being relaxed and not in tension

VVe are to take occaſion as much as poſſibly vve can, […] to find the repoſe of vvhich vve ſpeak, by the Light and by the Shadovv, vvhich naturally accompany ſolid Bodies.

1695, [Roger de Piles], “Observations on the Art of Painting of Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy”, in C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC, page 162:

(uncountable, architecture, art) The arrangement of elements of an artwork, a building, etc., that is restful and soothing to a viewer; harmony.


minimal

en-adj

minimal (comparative more minimal, superlative most minimal)

more minimal (comparative)
most minimal (superlative)
min. (alternative abbreviation)

mínimu

the smallest possible amount, quantity, or degree

(art) Characterised by the use of simple form or structures.

minimalista

art: characterised by the use of simple form or structures


minimal

(art) minimal (characterised by the use of simple form or structures)


shojo

ja-r

猩々(しょうじょう) (shōjō)

(folklore) A creature in Japanese folklore, often depicted as a sea spirit with red hair and a fondness for alcohol.


warp

en-verb

warp (third-person singular simple present warps, present participle warping, simple past and past participle warped)

warps (present singular third-person)
warping (participle present)
warped (participle past)
warped (past)

→ Japanese: ワープ (wāpu)

From Middle English werpen, weorpen, worpen, from Old English weorpan (“to throw”), from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną (“to throw, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).
Cognate with Scots warp (“to throw, warp”), North Frisian werpen (“to throw”), Dutch werpen (“to throw, cast”), German werfen (“to throw, cast”), Icelandic verpa (“to throw”).

der

The usual method is to warp the yarn, either in whole or half hauls, […]

1830, William Burney, A New Universal Dictionary of the Marine:

The next part of the process previous to tarring, is that of warping the yarns, or stretching them all to one length.

1852, Thomas Antisell, Hand-book of the Useful Arts: Including Agriculture, page 541:

(ambitransitive, obsolete, ropemaking) To run (yarn) off the reel into hauls to be tarred.


underdeveloped

en-adj

underdeveloped (comparative more underdeveloped, superlative most underdeveloped)

more underdeveloped (comparative)
most underdeveloped (superlative)

(photography) of a film that has had insufficient development before being fixed


foxy

foxy (comparative foxier, superlative foxiest)

foxier (comparative)
foxiest (superlative)

His eye for colour was so exquisite that I do not think there is a single instance in all his works of a heated tint which is called foxy. This cannot be said of Rubens or Rembrandt […]

1844, Benjamin Robert Haydon, Lectures on Painting and Design:

Although the skies of Brydael's pictures are often broken with rather heavy masses of orange and yellow clouds, yet, taking him altogether, he was not a 'foxy' painter; on the contrary, there is a silvery coolness about some of his pictures which pleases us.

1870, Frederick Peter Seguier, A Critical and Commercial Dictionary of the Works of Painters:

(art) Using too much of the reddish-brown colors.


cinc

(castells) a castell built with five castellers on each level


grim

grim m (definite singular grimen, indefinite plural grimar, definite plural grimane)

grimen (definite singular)
grimar (indefinite plural)
grimane (definite plural)


latitude

en-noun

latitude (countable and uncountable, plural latitudes)

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French latitude, from Latin lātitūdō (“breadth, width, latitude”), from lātus (“broad, wide”), from older stlātus.

der

en:room for error in photographic exposure

(photography) The extent to which a light-sensitive material can be over- or underexposed and still achieve an acceptable result.


fusain

Borrowed from French fusain, from Vulgar Latin *fusago, from Latin fusus.

ca. 1882, Vincent van Gogh, letter 287, in Brieven aan zijn broeder, part 2, publ. 1914, page 158.
Ik heb deze teekening gemaakt met fusain en bergkrijt en drukinkt.

I have made this drawing with fusain and mountain chalk and printer's ink.

(art, chiefly uncountable) fusain, a type of charcoal used for drawing


fusain

Inherited from Middle French fusain (“spindle tree”), receiving an artistic sense in early 18th c. because its carbonized sticks were very convenient for drawing, further from Old French fusain akin to Italian fusaggine (“spindle tree”), derived from Latin fuso (“spindle”), which is from fusus of unclear origin.


scroll

From Middle English scrowle, scrolle, from earlier scrowe, scrouwe (influenced by Middle English rolle), from Old French escroe, escrowe, escrouwe (“scroll, strip of parchment”), from Frankish *skrōda (“a shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō, from *skrew- (“to cut; cutting tool”), extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Doublet of shred and escrow.

(lutherie) The carved end of a violin, viola, cello or other stringed instrument, most commonly scroll-shaped but occasionally in the form of a human or animal head.


hypo

en-noun

hypo (countable and uncountable, plural hypos)

Clipping of various terms beginning with hypo-, from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”).

Sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate#English

(photography, informal) Sodium thiosulfate (also called hyposulfite of soda), a photographic fixing agent.


jour fixe

Borrowed from French jour fixe (literally “fixed day”).

bor

(art) A series of presentations and/or performances, discussions or similar events that happen on a fixed day every month (or similar; for example "every second Sunday of a month"). Used mainly by cultural and artistic organizations.

jour fixe

series of events that happen on a fixed day every month


forno

From Old Galician-Portuguese forno, from Latin furnus.


script

nl-noun

script n (plural scripts, diminutive scriptje n or (Netherlands, informal) scrippie n)

scripts (plural)
scriptje (diminutive neuter)
scrippie (Netherlands diminutive informal neuter)

Coordinate term: scenario

(art) script (written text of a dramatic performance)


abakus

abakus m (definite singular abakusen, indefinite plural abakuser, definite plural abakusene)

abakusen (definite singular)
abakuser (indefinite plural)
abakusene (definite plural)

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «abakus».ogg

From Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”), possibly from a Semitic source, such as Phoenician -𐤀𐤁𐤀𐤒 (-ʾbʾq) or Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

der

den korinthiske [søyle], hvis abacus, bøiet og med afskaarne hjørner, bar en liden roset paa hver sides midte

1902, Lorentz Dietrichson, Omrids af den kirkelige Kunstarkæologi, page 34:

the Corinthian [pillar], whose abacus, bent and with truncated corners, bore a small rosette in the middle of each side

Abakus er den øvre, plateformete delen av kapitélet på en søyle, som benyttes som opplagringspunkt for bjelker.

The abacus is the upper, plate-shaped part of the capital of a pillar, which is used as a storage point for beams.

(architecture, art) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave)


gathering

From Middle English gadering, from Old English gaderung (“gathering, assembly”), equivalent to gather + -ing (verbal noun ending).

inh

/ˈɡæð.ə.ɹɪŋ/

This gathering machine forms the backbone of a bookbinding operation.

(bookbinding) A section, a group of bifolios, or sheets of paper, stacked together and folded in half.


claw

From Middle English clawe, from Old English clawu, from Proto-Germanic *klawō. Compare West Frisian klau, Dutch klauw, German Klaue, Danish klo, Norwegian klo, and Swedish klo.

(juggling) The act of catching a ball overhand.


claw

en-verb

claw (third-person singular simple present claws, present participle clawing, simple past and past participle clawed)

claws (present singular third-person)
clawing (participle present)
clawed (participle past)
clawed (past)

From Middle English clawen, from Old English clawan, clāwan, *clēn, clawian, from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną.


transduction

en-noun

transduction (countable and uncountable, plural transductions)

Instead of applying a transduction method only once, we can apply different transduction methods to an initial network in sequence. In each sequence, different or identical transduction methods can be applied in different orders. This usually leads to many different final networks.

2003, Wai-Kai Chen, Logic Design, →ISBN:

(logic design) The improvement of an electronic logic network by reduction of redundant components in an initial version, using an established pruning procedure, then applying permissible functions for transformation of the network into a workable form. Thereafter the transformation and reduction may be repeated till no worthwhile further improvement results.


transparency

transparency (countable and uncountable, plural transparencies)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin trānspārentia.

bor+

According to Bray (Life of Stothard, p. 50), the silversmiths Rundell and Bridge displayed a large transparency by Thomas Stothard, painted in thin oils on canvas and lit from behind, in front of their house on Ludgate Hill in honour of the King's Jubilee in 1810.

1810, Royal Collection Trust, Design for a transparency of George III:

It soon came: as they were on their way to a transparency of their majesties, not a little larger than life—with Bellona, in a very handsome helmet, on one side, and Peace, with a cornucopia and a full blown wreath of roses, on the other—the path was interrupted by a little knot of gentlemen.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Fête”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 59:

(countable, art) A transparent artwork, viewable by shining light through it.

(countable, photography) A translucent film-like material with an image imprinted on it, viewable by shining light through it.


mortise

From Middle English morteys, from Old French mortaise, from Arabic مُرْتَزّ (murtazz), from اِرْتَزَّ (irtazza).

If there is much gauging for the same size mortise and tenon to be done, and if a mortise gauge is not handy, a simple improvised gauge for the purpose can easily be made with two pieces of wood and four or five steel sprigs…

2016 September 6, A Little Book of Woodworking Joints - Including Dovetailing, Mortise-and-Tenon and Mitred Joints, 2nd edition (paperback), Read Books Limited, →ISBN:

A keyed mortise-and-tenon joint is constructed the same as a doweled mortise and tenon joint except that the tenon projects far enough through the mortise to admit the insertion of a tapering key which draws the mortised piece firmly against the shoulder of the tenon.

1918, Herman Frederick Rusch, Shop Work, Joinery-cabinet-making-carpentry, Chicago, Illinois, United States: University of Chicago Press, page 56:

(woodworking) A hole that is made to receive a tenon so as to form a joint.


mortise

en-verb

mortise (third-person singular simple present mortises, present participle mortising, simple past and past participle mortised)

mortises (present singular third-person)
mortising (participle present)
mortised (participle past)
mortised (past)
mortice (alternative)

(transitive, woodworking) To cut a mortise in.

Sculptures from Mohenjodaro and Tell Asmar in 2400 B.C. show wheels consisting of three pieces of wood mortised together, and bound with leather tyres which were attached with copper nails. These wheels turned in one piece with the axle, which was secured to the body of the sledge with leather thongs.

1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 79:

(transitive, woodworking) To join by a mortise and tenon.


plaça

plaça de nou, a public location where a nine-storey castell has been successfully performed

plaça de deu, a public location where a ten-storey castell has been successfully performed

(castells) a location where castells are presented publicly

dur a plaça, successfully perform (a particular kind of castell) in public

(castells) a context of public performance, as opposed to during an assaig


exposure

en-noun

exposure (countable and uncountable, plural exposures)

/ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒɚ/

(photography) An instance of taking a photograph.

(photography) The piece of film exposed to light.

(photography) Details of the time and f-number used.


querubín

querubíns (plural)
querubim (alternative)


texture

texture (countable and uncountable, plural textures)

/ˈtɛkʃt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

Borrowed from Middle French texture, borrowed from Latin textūra (“a weaving, web, texture, structure”), from textus, past participle of texere (“to weave”). See text. Doublet of tessitura.

der

The piece of music had a mainly homophonic texture.

(art) The quality given to a work of art by the composition and interaction of its parts.

textura

art: quality produced by interaction of elements


sprezzatura

en-noun

sprezzatura (usually uncountable, plural sprezzaturas)

Borrowed from Italian sprezzatura (“nonchalance”), which was coined in 1528 by Baldassare Castiglione; the term gained currency in English in the mid-20th century, often to describe art.

[…] I have found quite a universal rule which in this matter seems to me valid above all others, and in all human affairs whether in word or deed: and that is to avoid affectation in every way possible as though it were some very rough and dangerous reef; and (to pronounce a new word perhaps) to practice in all things a certain sprezzatura [nonchalance]^([sic]), so as to conceal all art and make whatever is done or said appear to be without effort and almost without any thought about it.

1959, Charles S. Singleton, transl., The Book of the Courtier, translation of Il libro del Cortegiano by Baldassare Castiglione, The First Book, page 43:

Cassandra Wilson's music is the essence of sprezzatura, or calculated nonchalance, that special attitude described nearly 500 years ago by Baldassare Castiglione in “The Courtier,” his primer on how to ingratiate yourself with the aristocracy.

2002 February 19, Ben Ratliff, “Seeming So Nonchalant Can Be Harder Than It Looks”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Mr. Mork played with soulful intensity (and impeccable intonation), and the interplay between him and Mr. Repin, with nicely coordinated gestures and phrasings, was enjoyable to watch. But Mr. Repin’s technical struggles were all too evident — the very opposite of sprezzatura.

2013 August 18, Corinna da Fonseca-Wollheim, “Unloading the Weightiness of Brahms With a Few Flicks”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

In men's fashion the ultimate style move is sprezzatura, embracing intentional errors such as undone buttons and misaligned neckties. Gianni Agnelli, the head of Fiat, wore watches over his shirtsleeves.

2022, W. David Marx, chapter 4, in Status and Culture, Viking, →ISBN:

(chiefly art, music) The art of performing a difficult task so gracefully that it looks effortless; calculated nonchalance.


sprezzatura

→ English: sprezzatura

From sprezzare (“to despise”) + -tura. In the sense of nonchalance used by Baldassare Castiglione in Il Cortegiano, published in 1528.

[…] trovo una regula universalissima, la qual mi par valer circa questo in tutte le cose umane che si facciano o dicano piú che alcuna altra, e ciò è fuggir quanto piú si po, e come un asperissimo e pericoloso scoglio, la affettazione; e, per dir forse una nova parola, usar in ogni cosa una certa sprezzatura, che nasconda l’arte e dimostri ciò che si fa e dice venir fatto senza fatica e quasi senza pensarvi.

1528, Baldassare Castiglione, “XXVI”, in Il Cortegiano:

[…] have found quite a universal rule which in this matter seems to me valid above all others, and in all human affairs whether in word or deed: and that is to avoid affectation in every way possible as though it were some very rough and dangerous reef; and (to pronounce a new word perhaps) to practice in all things a certain Sprezzatura [nonchalance], so as to conceal all art and make whatever is done or said appear to be without effort and almost without any thought about it.

Baldassare Castiglione
The Book of the Courtier


Hermes

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Hermes.wav

From the Ancient Greek Ἑρμῆς (Hermês), itself of disputed meaning and origin, possibly of non-Indo-European substrate origin or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”).

der

(art) A head or bust on a square base, often double-faced.


flare

→ Italian: flare

Origin unknown, first recorded in the mid 16th century, probably related to Latin flagrō (“I burn”). Norwegian flara (“to blaze; to flaunt in gaudy attire”) has a similar meaning, but the English word predates it. Possibly related to Middle High German vlederen (“to flutter”), represented by modern German flattern.
The noun is derived from the verb.

unknown

Origin unknown

ярка светлина

source of brightly burning light or intense heat

Stulp

widening of an object with otherwise roughly constant width

разкрояване

widening of the lower legs of trousers and jeans

The defect in question is the flare which frequently arises from the use of compound lenses when there is a very bright object in front, resulting in a ghost-like image of that object being thrown upon the plate. If the image of the object thus duplicated be in focus we designate it a "ghost;" if out of focus we call it "flare."

1874 October 23, “On Certain Defects in Combination Landscape Lenses”, in The British Journal of Photography, volume XXI, number 755, London: Henry Greenwood, […], →OCLC, page 515, column 1: