word

en-noun

word (countable and uncountable, plural words)

words (plural)
worde (alternative obsolete)

desc

Chinese Pidgin English: word, 𭉉 (Chinese spelling)

From Middle English word, from Old English word, from Proto-West Germanic *word, from Proto-Germanic *wurdą, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰh₁om. Doublet of verb and verve; further related to vrata.

you get more with a kind word and a gun than you do with a kind word alone

Then all was silent save the voice of the high priest, whose words grew louder and louder, […]

1894, Alex. R. Mackwen, “The Samaritan Passover”, in Littell's Living Age, volume 1, number 6:

Mr. Cooke at once began a tirade against the residents of Asquith for permitting a sandy and generally disgraceful condition of the roads. So roundly did he vituperate the inn management in particular, and with such a loud flow of words, that I trembled lest he should be heard on the veranda.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

I can't believe you want me back.
You've got Jen to thank for that. Her words the other day moved me deeply. Very deeply indeed.
Really? What did she say.
Like I remember! Point is it's the effect of her words that's important.

2006 Feb. 17, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 1, Episode 4

(semantics) The smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language. (contrast morpheme.)

The smallest discrete unit of spoken language with a particular meaning, composed of one or more phonemes and one or more morphemes

Polonius: What do you read, my lord?
Hamlet: Words, words, words.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

The name was a confused gift of love from her father, who could not read the word but picked it out of the Bible for its visual shape, […]

2003, Jan Furman, Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon: A Casebook, →ISBN, page 194:

Well-meaning academics even introduced spelling absurdities such as the “s” in the word “island,” a misguided Renaissance attempt to restore the etymology of the [unrelated] Latin word insula.

2009, Stanislas Dehaene, Reading in the Brain: The New Science of How We Read, →ISBN:

The smallest discrete unit of written language with a particular meaning, composed of one or more letters or symbols and one or more morphemes

“Ain’t! How often am I to tell you ain’t ain’t a word?”

1896, Israel Zangwill, Without Prejudice, page 21:

Fisherwoman isn’t even a word. It’s not in the dictionary.

1999, Linda Greenlaw, The Hungry Ocean, Hyperion, page 11:

A discrete, meaningful unit of language approved by an authority or native speaker (compare non-word).

But every word, whether written or spoken, which urges the woman to antagonism against the man, every word which is written or spoken to try and make of her a hybrid, self-contained opponent of men, makes a rift in the lute to which the world looks for its sweetest music.

1897, Ouida, “The New Woman”, in An Altruist and Four Essays, page 239:

The word, whether written or spoken, does not look like or sound like its meaning — it does not resemble its signified. We only connect the two because we have learnt the code — language. Without such knowledge, 'Maggie' would just be a meaningless pattern of shapes or sounds.

1986, David Barrat, Media Sociology, →ISBN, page 112:

Brian and Abby signed the word clothing, in which the thumbs brush down the chest as though something is hanging there. They both spoke the word clothing. Brian then signed the word for change, […]

2009, Jack Fitzgerald, Viva La Evolucin, →ISBN, page 233:

Swearing doesn't just mean what we now understand by "dirty words". It is entwined, in social and linguistic history, with the other sort of swearing: vows and oaths. Consider for a moment the origins of almost any word we have for bad language – "profanity", "curses", "oaths" and "swearing" itself.

2013 June 14, Sam Leith, “Where the profound meets the profane”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 37:


antonym

From French antonyme (1840s and 1850s), which was modeled on earlier synonyme and influenced by the etymons of Ancient Greek ἀντωνυμία (antōnumía, “pronoun”); credit for popularization of the French loanword's naturalization into English is given principally to Charles John Smith and his 1867 book Synonyms and Antonyms: Or, Kindred Words and Their Opposites. Collected and Contrasted. By surface analysis, ant- + -onym.

der

“Rich” is an antonym of “poor”; “full” is an antonym of “empty”.

(semantics) A word which has the opposite meaning of another word.

All four lines of the pattern are required to establish that hot and cold are antonyms.
The water is hot entails The water is not cold.
The water is cold entails The water is not hot.
The water is not hot does not entail The water is cold.
The water is not cold does not entail The water is hot.

2005, Andrew John Merrison, Aileen Bloomer, Patrick Griffiths, Christopher J. Hall, Introducing Language in Use, page 111:

gradable antonym
gradable antonym#English

A word that describes one end of a scale, while its opposite describes the other end, such as large versus small; a gradable antonym.


connotation

/ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃən/

/ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/

/ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃən/

/ˌkɔnəˈtæɪʃən/

/ˌkɒnəˈtæɪʃən/

Borrowed from Medieval Latin connotātiō, from connotō (“I mark in addition”), from Latin con- (“together, with”) + noto (“I note”); equivalent to connote + -ation.

The word "advisedly" has a connotation of "wisely", although it denotes merely "intentionally" and "deliberately."

The word "happy" has a positive connotation, while "sad" has a negative connotation.

(semantics) A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.


denotation

en-noun

denotation (countable and uncountable, plural denotations)

From Late Latin dēnotātiō, from Latin dēnotāre (“to denote, mark out”) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns of action), from dē- (“completely”) + notāre (“to mark”); equivalent to denote + -ation.

(semantics) Something signified or referred to; a particular meaning of a symbol


synonym

synonyms (plural)
synonime (alternative obsolete)
synonyme (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English sinonyme, from Latin synōnymum, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), neuter singular form of συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos, “synonymous”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”). By surface analysis, syn- + -onym.

(semantics, strictly) A word or term whose meaning is the same as that of another.

“Happy” is a synonym of “glad”.

The proportion of English words that have an exact synonym is small.

1991, William T. Parry, Edward A. Hacker, Aristotelian Logic:

(semantics, loosely) A word or phrase with a meaning that is the same as, or very similar to, another word or phrase.


hyponym

From hyp- + -onym or hypo- + -nym; from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma) ("appellation"), a Doric specific dialectal form of ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).

The words “dog”, “cat”, and “human” are hyponyms of “animal” because dogs, cats, and humans are types of animal.

Woman itself has as other hyponyms, sculptress and waitress, but is itself a hyponym of adult.

1977, Ruth Kempson, Semantic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 86:

(semantics) A more specific term; a subordinate grouping word or phrase; a term designating a subclass of another more general class described by the given word.


hyponym

hyponym (indefinite nominative singular)
hyponyms (genitive indefinite singular)
hyponymen (definite nominative singular)
hyponymens (definite genitive singular)
hyponymer (indefinite nominative plural)
hyponymers (genitive indefinite plural)
hyponymerna (definite nominative plural)
hyponymernas (definite genitive plural)


definition

definition (countable and uncountable, plural definitions)

From Middle English diffinicioun, from Middle French definition, from Latin dēfīnītiō, from dēfīniō. Equivalent to define + -ition.

Your definition of "elephant" needs to be more precise than "a big animal with large ears".

DEFINITIONS mean nothing unless the concept in the mind of the men who makes the definition is the same as that in the mind of the man who hears it.

1925, Thomas R. Marshall, Recollections of Thomas R. Marshall, Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 65:

Phrases such as “woman of the moment” were added to equal the old saying of the “man of the moment.” And one of the definitions of “woman” now refers to a “person’s wife, girlfriend, or female lover,” as opposed to being tied to only a man.

2020 November 9, Christina Zdanowicz, “Oxford dictionaries change ‘sexist’ and outdated definitions of the word ‘woman’”, in CNN:

dictionary definition
dictionary definition

(semantics, lexicography) A statement of the meaning of a word, word group, sign, or symbol; especially, a dictionary definition.

përkufizim

statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol


achievement

achievement (countable and uncountable, plural achievements)

achievements (plural)
acheivement (alternative misspelling)

[əˈt͡ʃʰiːv.mɪ̈nt̚]

From Middle French achevement (compare Modern French achèvement), from Old French achevement, from the verb achever, achiever (“to finish”); equivalent to achieve + -ment. The heraldic sense may be influenced by hatchment.

[…]distinctions among states of affairs are reflected to a striking degree in distinctions among Aktionsart types. That is, situations are expressed by state verbs or predicates, events by achievement verbs or predicates, and actions by activity verbs or predicates.

1997, Robert van Valin, Randy LaPolla, Syntax, page 92:

(grammar, semantics) The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change in an instant.


homonym

From Latin homōnymum, from Ancient Greek ὁμώνυμον (homṓnumon), nominalized from the neuter of ὁμώνῠμος (homṓnŭmos, “homonymous”). By surface analysis, homo- + -onym.

en:word with same spelling or same sound or both

en:word with both same spelling and same sound

(loosely) A word that sounds or is spelled the same as another word (but not necessarily both).

(semantics, strictly) A word that both sounds and is spelled the same as another word.


homophone

From French homophone; equivalent to homo- (“same”) + -phone (“sound”).

homofon (not infrequently spelled homofón)

azonos kiejtésű, de eltérő jelentésű szó (és gyakran eltérő alakú)

(semantics) A word which is pronounced the same as another word but differs in spelling or meaning or origin.


homophone

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος (homóphōnos, “speaking the same language, making the same sound, in agreement, in unison”), from ὁμο- (homo-, “same”) + -φωνος (-phōnos, “with respect to language or sound”), a suffix derived from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, language”), in the linguistic sense coined by French philologist Jean-François Champollion 1822 (for the adjective) and 1824 (for the noun).


force

en-noun

force (countable and uncountable, plural forces)

From Middle English force, fors, forse, from Old French force, from Late Latin fortia, a noun derived from the neuter plural of Latin fortis (“strong”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”).

der

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

ուժեր

group that aims to attack, control, or constrain

ҡеүәт

ability to attack, control, or constrain

When the aspectual force of the verbal categories weakens, the 'terminative', punctual or determinative value of the prefix gains in importance,...

1962, J Gonda, The aspectual function of the R̥gvedic present and aorist, S̓-Gravenhage, Mouton, page 43:

(linguistics, semantics, pragmatics) Ability of an utterance or its element (word, form, prosody, ...) to effect a given meaning.

voima

linguistics: ability of an utterance to effect a given meaning


activity

en-noun

activity (countable and uncountable, plural activities)

From Middle French activité, from Latin activitas. Equivalent to active + -ity.

(grammar, semantics) The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change over time and have no natural end point.


accomplishment

accomplishment (countable and uncountable, plural accomplishments)

* First attested in the early 15th century.
* (completes, perfects, equips): First attested around 1600.
* accomplish + -ment
* Borrowed from French accomplissement, from accomplir

Thus it is attested that some children have taken an accomplishment verb like disappear, which does not have a causative counterpart, and used it as a causative accomplishment in sentences like He disappeared it, i.e. ‘He made it disappear.’

1997, Robert van Valin, Randy LaPolla, Syntax, pages 183-84:

(grammar, semantics) The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change over time until a natural end point.


מילה

he-noun

מילה / מִלָּה • (milá) f (plural indefinite מילים / מִלִּים, singular construct מילת / מִלַּת־, plural construct מילות / מִלּוֹת־) [pattern: קִטְלָה]

מִלָּה (canonical)
milá (romanization)
מילים (indefinite plural)
מִלִּים (indefinite plural)
מילת (construct singular)
מִלַּת־ (construct singular)
מילות (construct plural)
מִלּוֹת־ (construct plural)
מילה (indefinite singular)
מִלָּה (indefinite singular)
מילתי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מִלָּתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מילתנו (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
מִלָּתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
המילה (definite singular)
הַמִּלָּה (definite singular)
מילתך (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מִלָּתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מילתך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מִלָּתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מילתכם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מִלַּתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מילתכן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מִלַּתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מילת־ (construct singular)
מִלַּת־ (construct singular)
מילתו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מִלָּתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מילתה (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מִלָּתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מילתם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מִלָּתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מילתן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
מִלָּתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
מילים (indefinite plural)
מִלִּים (indefinite plural)
מיליי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מִלַּי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מילינו (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
מִלֵּינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
המילים (definite plural)
הַמִּלִּים (definite plural)
מיליך (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מִלֶּיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מילייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מִלַּיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מיליכם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מִלֵּיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מיליכן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מִלֵּיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מילי־ (construct plural)
מִלֵּי־ (construct plural)
מיליו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מִלָּיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מיליה (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מִלֶּיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מיליהם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מִלֵּיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מיליהן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
מִלֵּיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

he-decl

מילים\מִלִּים

cog

Aramaic מִלְּתָא


state

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Latin statuslbor.
Old French estatbor.
Middle English stat
English state
From Middle English stat (as a noun); adopted c. 1200 from both Old French estat and Latin stātus (“manner of standing, attitude, position, carriage, manner, dress, apparel; and other senses”), from stāre (“to stand”). Doublet of estate and status. The sense of "polity" develops in the 14th century. Compare French être, Greek στέω (stéo), Italian stare, Portuguese estar, Romanian sta, and Spanish estar. The verb is first attested around the beginning of the 16th century. Related to English stand.

der

something is rotten in the state of Denmark

there is something rotten in the state of Denmark

The most basic Aktionsart distinction is between states and occurrences.

2010, Nick Riemer, Introducing Semantics, page 320:

(grammar, semantics) The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that do not change over time.


sense

en-noun

sense (countable and uncountable, plural senses)

→ Afrikaans: sense

From Middle English sense, from Old French sens, sen, san (“sense, perception, direction”); partly from Latin sēnsus (“sensation, feeling, meaning”), from sentiō (“feel, perceive”); partly of Germanic origin (whence also Occitan sen, Italian senno), from Vulgar Latin *sennus (“sense, reason, way”), from Frankish *sinn ("reason, judgement, mental faculty, way, direction"; whence also Dutch zin, German Sinn, Swedish sinne, Norwegian sinn). Both Latin and Germanic from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”).

gl

enough sense to pound sand into a rathole

where there's no sense there's no feeling

en:meaning or reason, generally
en:semantics term

The meaning, reason, or value of something.

(semantics, lexicography) A single conventional use of a word; one of the entries or definitions for a word in a dictionary.


kata

From Malay kata, from Pali kathā, from Sanskrit कथा (kathā, “speech; story”).

(semantics) word (the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language)


genus

en-noun

genus (plural genera or (all nonstandard) genuses or genusses or genii)

genera (plural)
genuses (nonstandard plural)
genusses (nonstandard plural)
genii (nonstandard plural)

→ Malayalam: ജീനസ് (jīnasŭ)

→ Swahili: jenasi

→ Thai: สกุล (sà-gun) (semantic loan)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os
Latin genusbor.
English genus
Borrowed from Latin genus (“birth, origin, a race, sort, kind”) from the root gen- in Latin gignō (“to beget, produce”). Doublet of gender and genre, further related to kin.

genus

rank in a taxonomic classification between family and species

(semantics) Within a definition, a broader category of the defined concept.


prototype

[ˈpɹoʊɾəˌtaɪp]

[ˈpɹoʊɾəˌtʌɪp]

[ˈpɹəʉɾətɑep]

[ˈpɹɐʉɾətɑep]

[ˈpɹɐʉɾətaɪp]

From French prototype or Late Latin prototypon, from Ancient Greek πρωτότυπος (prōtótupos, “original; prototype”), from πρωτο- (prōto-, “first”) (from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first; earliest”)) + τῠ́πος (tŭ́pos, “blow, pressing; sort, type”) (from τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push; to stick”)). The word is analysable as proto- + -type.

der

A robin is a prototype of a bird; a penguin is not.

If the robin is the prototype of bird, do particular examples of robin constitute that prototype for different people? I think not. Rather, prototypes are themselves categories. Thus, to say that a robin is a prototypic bird is to propose that a class of similar creatures called robin is a prototype of bird.

2014, Cecil H. Brown, “A Survey of Category Types in Natural Language”, in S[avas] L. Tsohatzidis, editor, Meanings and Prototypes: Studies in Linguistic Categorization (Routledge Library Editions: Linguistics), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, part 1 (On the Content of Prototype Categories: Questions of Word Meaning), page 23:

Although it is common knowledge today that a great many linguistic categories are, indeed, prototype categories[…], a number of linguists still perceive grammatical categories as being classical in their nature[…]. These linguists are reluctant to accept the idea that prototypicality might be relevant to grammar and that grammatical categories, like all other categories, can also display prototype effects.

2015, [anonymous], “Introduction”, in Words, Affixes, and Clitics as Prototype Categories: Seminar Paper, [Munich, Bavaria]: GRIN Verlag, →ISBN, page 2:

(semantics) An instance of a category or a concept that combines its most representative attributes.


reference

en-noun

reference (countable and uncountable, plural references)

From Middle French référence, from Medieval Latin referentia, nominative neuter plural of referēns, present participle of referō (“return, reply”, literally “carry back”). Morphologically refer + -ence.

verwysing

academic writing: identification of a source

(semantics) A relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object.


homophonous

"Cot" and "caught" are homophonous in some American accents, as are "there" and "they're".

(phonetics, semantics) Having the same pronunciation.

azonos kiejtésű, de eltérő jelentésű (és gyakran eltérő alakú)


converse

From Latin conversus (“turned around”), past participle of converto (“turn about”).

converse antonym
converse antonym#English

relational antonym
relational antonym#English

(semantics) One of a pair of terms that name or describe a relationship from opposite perspectives; converse antonym; relational antonym.


fix

en-verb

fix (third-person singular simple present fixes, present participle fixing, simple past and past participle fixt or fixed)

fixes (present singular third-person)
fixing (participle present)
fixt (participle past)
fixt (past)
fixed (participle past)
fixed (past)
fix (infinitive)
fix (first-person present singular)
fixed (first-person past singular)
fix (present second-person singular)
fixest (archaic present second-person singular)
fixed (past second-person singular)
fixedst (archaic past second-person singular)
fixes (present singular third-person)
fixeth (archaic present singular third-person)
fixed (past singular third-person)
fix (plural present)
fixed (past plural)
fix (present subjunctive)
fixed (past subjunctive)
fix (imperative present)
fixing (participle present)
fixed (participle past)
fixe (alternative archaic)

→ Dutch: fixen, fiksen

From Middle English fixen, borrowed from Old French *fixer (attested only as ficher, fichier; > English fitch), from fix (“fastened; fixed”), from Latin fīxus (“immovable; steady; stable; fixed”), from fīgō (“to drive in; stick; fasten”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to jab; stick; set”). Related to dig.

der

The function f#58;#92;mathbb#123;R#125;#92;to#92;mathbb#123;R#125;#59;f(x)#58;#61;4x-3 fixes the point 1#92;in#92;mathbb#123;R#125;, since f(1)#61;4(1)-3#61;1.

(transitive, mathematics, semantics) To map (a point or subset) to itself.


synonymy

en-noun

synonymy (countable and uncountable, plural synonymies)

From Latin synonymia, from Ancient Greek συνωνυμία (sunōnumía), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).

(semantics) The quality of being synonymous; sameness of meaning.

synonymity (10× less common than synonymy)

synonymousness (600× less common than synonymy)

homosemy (2000× less common than synonymy)


antonymic

en-adj

antonymic (comparative more antonymic, superlative most antonymic)

more antonymic (comparative)
most antonymic (superlative)

Similarly, antonymic relationships vary by sense.

2003, M. Lynne Murphy, Semantic Relations and the Lexicon: Antonymy, Synonymy and Other Paradigms, page 30:

(semantics) Of, relating to, or being an antonym or antonyms.

enepster

of or relating to an antonym or antonyms


extension

en-noun

extension (countable and uncountable, plural extensions)

From Middle English extensioun, from Old French estension, from Latin extensiō, extensiōnem.

Perversely, we love John Wick himself. That lethal, bereaved assassin is a good bad guy for our times, the natural extension of Tony Soprano, Walter White and all the other heroic antiheroes the culture has embraced.

2023 March 14, Caryn James, “John Wick: Chapter 4: 'Soars above most action films'”, in BBC:

In addition to concepts and conceptual senses, Frege holds that there are extensions of concepts. Frege calls an extension of a concept a ‘course of values’. A course of values is determined by the value that the concept has for each of its arguments. Thus, the course of values for the concept __ is a dog records that its value for the argument Zermela is the True and for Socrates is the False, and so on. If two concepts have the same values for every argument, then their courses of values are the same. Thus, courses of values are extensional.

2011 July 20, Edwin Mares, “Propositional Functions”, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, retrieved 2012-07-15:

(semantics) Capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects; — correlative of intension.

extenze

semantics: capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects

(linguistics, semantics) semantic widening, broadening of meaning


extension

Inherited from Old French estension, borrowed from Latin extentiōnem.

(semantics, linguistics) semantic widening


occurrence

/əˈkɜːɹ.əns/

/əˈkøːɹ.əns/

From Middle French occurrence, from Medieval Latin occurrentia.
Morphologically occur + -ence.

The time interval of an occurrence—a temporal instantiation—is a single occasion. However, a series of such occasions can fall within a certain time interval; in this case we may represent the occurrence as a single situation (cf. I ran off and on for an hour, I ran and ran for an hour, I would run and then run some more).

1991, Robert Binnick, Time and the Verb: A Guide to Tense and Aspect, page 180:

The most basic Aktionsart distinction is between states and occurrences. […]Based on consideration of inherent differences between the events involved, Vendler distinguished three different types of occurrence, achievements, activities, and accomplishments.

(grammar, semantics) The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change in or over time.


meronymy

meronymy (countable and uncountable, plural meronymies)

From mero- + -onymy (from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”)); compare meronym.

This relationship of meronymy is controversial for various reasons. First, there are several types of meronymy, such as functional meronymy, where one concept is a functional part of another (e.g. FINGER-HAND) or more general part-whole relations, where the part and the whole exist as a continuous entity (e.g. FLAME-FIRE). Secondly, there are diverging opinions as to whether meronymy should be treated as a semantic primitive in the sense of s[yn]onymy, antonymy, and hyponymy.

1995, Jürgen Handke, The Structure of the Lexicon: Human Versus Machine, page 90:

But whereas hyponymy is a member–class relation, reflecting a taxonomy or conceptual hierarchy, meronymy is a part–whole relation, reflecting the existence of complex structures in concrete reality.

1999, Sylvia Adamson, “7: Literary Language”, in Roger Lass, editor, The Cambridge History of the English Language: Volume III: 1476-1776, page 564:

Possession, like meronymy, is described in English (and equivalently in other languages) with the verb to have (A millionaire has money) and the line between possession and part-having is fuzzy at best.[…]Priss (1998) suggests that meronymy might be formalized as an attribution relation, such that has-a-handle-for-a-part would be an attribute of hammer and cup. Thus, the case for separating attribution and possession from meronymy is not strong.

2003, M. Lynne Murphy, Semantic Relations and the Lexicon: Antonymy, Synonymy and Other Paradigms, pages 233–234:

(semantics, philosophy) The relationship of being a constituent part or member of something; a system of meronyms.


paronym

Coined around 1846 from Ancient Greek παρώνυμος (parṓnumos, “derivative”), equivalent to para- + -onym.

der

(semantics) A word derived from the same root or stem as another word; classes include cognates and naturalizations of foreign words.


hypernym

From hyper- (“over”) + -nym (“name”). From Ancient Greek roots; compare Latinate “superordinate term”.

“Musical instrument” is a hypernym of “guitar” because a guitar is a musical instrument: a guitar belongs to a class or type of musical instruments.

Hypernyms of “dog” and “cat” include “mammal”, “pet”, “carnivore”, and “quadruped”.

(semantics) A superordinate word or phrase; a term whose referents form a set which includes as a subset the referents of a subordinate term—as, for example, insect (being a hypernym) for ant.


toponymy

en-noun

toponymy (countable and uncountable, plural toponymies)

toponymies (plural)
toponomy (alternative)

(semantics) Lexicological study of place names; a branch of onomastics.


circular definition

circular definition (plural circular definitions)

Saying that obscenity is indecent and then saying something is indecent if it's obscene is a circular definition.

(semantics) A definition relying directly or indirectly on the term being defined.


coercion

coercion (countable and uncountable, plural coercions)

coercions (plural)
coersion (alternative misspelling)
coërcion (alternative dated)

Inherited from Middle English cohercioun, from Old French cohercion, from Latin coercitiō (“magisterial coercion”), from past participle coercitus of coerceō (“to restrain, coerce”), from co- (“with”) + arceō (“to shut in, enclose”); see coerce.

der

But often the pieces of information do not fit together and have to be shifted in meaning to confirm with the rest of the sentence. These shifts are called coercion

2008, Oliver Bott, “Doing It Again and Again May Be Difficult, But It Depends on What You Are Doing”, in Proceedings of the 27th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, page 63:

...a conversion of mass nouns into count readings according to sorter and portion coercion is only possible if the denotation of a mass noun already comprises minimal parts into which the noun can be subdivided.

2016, Susanne Mohr, “From Accra to Nairobi – the use of pluralized mass nouns in East and West African postcolonial Englishes”, in Daniel Schmidt-Brücken, Susanne Schuster, Marina Wienberg, editors, Aspects of (Post)Colonial Linguistics, Berlin: DeGruyter, →OCLC, page 161:

(linguistics, semantics) The process by which the meaning of a word or other linguistic element is reinterpreted to match the grammatical context.


語彙

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ wuːi̯²²/

/jyː¹³ wɐi̯²²/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²²/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hue⁴¹/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²²/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lui³³/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui³³/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ wuːi̯²²/

/jyː¹³ wɐi̯²²/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²²/

/ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hue⁴¹/

/ɡi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hue²²/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lui³³/

/ɡu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui³³/

(linguistics, semantics) vocabulary; lexicon


sem

sȇm (canonical masculine)
се̑м (Cyrillic)

(semantics) the smallest unit of meaning


referent

For quotations using this term, see Citations:referent.

(semantics) The specific entity in the world that a word or phrase identifies or denotes: what it refers to.


referent

referent (indefinite nominative singular)
referenten (definite nominative singular)
referenter (indefinite nominative plural)
referenterne (definite nominative plural)
referents (genitive indefinite singular)
referentens (definite genitive singular)
referenters (genitive indefinite plural)
referenternes (definite genitive plural)


referent

(semantics) the specific entity in the world that a word or phrase identifies or denotes; a referent


referent

referent (indefinite nominative singular)
referents (genitive indefinite singular)
referenten (definite nominative singular)
referentens (definite genitive singular)
referenter (indefinite nominative plural)
referenters (genitive indefinite plural)
referenterna (definite nominative plural)
referenternas (definite genitive plural)


Homonym

de-noun

Homonym n (strong, genitive Homonyms, plural Homonyme)

Homonyms (genitive)
Homonyme (plural)
Homonym (nominative singular)
Homonyme (definite nominative plural)
Homonyms (genitive singular)
Homonyme (definite genitive plural)
Homonym (dative singular)
Homonymen (dative definite plural)
Homonym (accusative singular)
Homonyme (accusative definite plural)

(semantics) homonym (word with the same sound and spelling as another but different meaning)


Hyponym

Hyponym n (strong, genitive Hyponyms, plural Hyponyme)

Hyponyms (genitive)
Hyponyme (plural)
Hyponym (nominative singular)
Hyponyme (definite nominative plural)
Hyponyms (genitive singular)
Hyponyme (definite genitive plural)
Hyponym (dative singular)
Hyponymen (dative definite plural)
Hyponym (accusative singular)
Hyponyme (accusative definite plural)

From hypo- (“under”) + -onym (“name; word”); from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma), Doric dialectal form of ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


monosemy

monosemic

these two terms are interchangeable variants

(semantics) The property of terms of having a single meaning; absence of ambiguity.

monosèmia

property of terms of having single meaning


synonymic

He intended to publish a flora of the island, and drafted out a synonymic catalogue, into which he inserted from time to time elaborate descriptions drawn up from living specimens of the species which he was able to procure.

1999, J. G. Baker, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles:

(semantics) Of, relating to, or being a synonym.


dictionary definition

en-noun

dictionary definition (plural dictionary definitions)

conceptual definition

all can [[overlap#Verb|overlap]] with dictionary definition

(semantics) A descriptive definition specifying one of the commonly used meanings of the defined term.


polysemy

polysemy (usually uncountable, plural polysemies)

Fifty years ago the linguist and semanticist Stephen Ullmann wrote that polysemy, the fact that some words have a network of multiple but related meanings, is "the pivot of semantic analysis" […]

2011, Brigitte Nerlich, Polysemy: Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language, page 3:

Polysemy proliferates in natural language: Virtually every word is polysemous to some extent.

2017 July 27, Agustín Vicente and Ingrid L. Falkum, “Polysemy”, in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Oxford University Press:

(semantics) The quality characteristic of a polyseme, a sign (such as a word or symbol) that has multiple meanings (senses), often including multiple similar ones.


exocentric

(semantics, of or relating to a compound term) Not having the same semantic referent as the semantic referent of any of its constituent parts.


referencia

referenciák (plural)
referencia (nominative singular)
referenciák (nominative plural)
referenciát (accusative singular)
referenciákat (accusative plural)
referenciának (dative singular)
referenciáknak (dative plural)
referenciával (instrumental singular)
referenciákkal (instrumental plural)
referenciáért (causal-final singular)
referenciákért (causal-final plural)
referenciává (singular translative)
referenciákká (plural translative)
referenciáig (singular terminative)
referenciákig (plural terminative)
referenciaként (essive-formal singular)
referenciákként (essive-formal plural)
referenciában (inessive singular)
referenciákban (inessive plural)
referencián (singular superessive)
referenciákon (plural superessive)
referenciánál (adessive singular)
referenciáknál (adessive plural)
referenciába (illative singular)
referenciákba (illative plural)
referenciára (singular sublative)
referenciákra (plural sublative)
referenciához (allative singular)
referenciákhoz (allative plural)
referenciából (elative singular)
referenciákból (elative plural)
referenciáról (delative singular)
referenciákról (delative plural)
referenciától (ablative singular)
referenciáktól (ablative plural)
referenciáé (singular)
referenciáké (plural)
referenciáéi (singular)
referenciákéi (plural)
referenciám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
referenciáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
referenciád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
referenciáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
referenciája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
referenciái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
referenciánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
referenciáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
referenciátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
referenciáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
referenciájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
referenciáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From English reference and French référence.

(semantics) reference (a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object)


stipulative definition

stipulative definition (plural stipulative definitions)

(semantics) A definition in which a new or extant term is given a new meaning for the purposes of argument or discussion in a given context.


sentido

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sentido, past participle of sentir, from Latin sentīre (“to feel”), from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to head for, go”).

der

Isto não faz sentido.

(semantics) meaning (objects or concept that a word or phrase denotes)


classe

(computing, mathematics, semantics, taxonomy) class (all senses)


meronym

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-meronym.wav

From mero- + -onym, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name”).

The word "leaf" is a meronym of the word "tree".

If one starts with some complex whole, like {automobile} or {human_body}, it can be broken down into several levels of meronyms, but many of those meronyms will also be meronyms of other wholes. That is to say, some components serve as parts of many different things: think of all the different mechanisms that have gears.

1998, George A. Miller, “Nouns in WordNet”, in Christiane Fellbaum, editor, Wordnet: An Electronic Lexical Database, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 38:

(semantics, philosophy) A term used to denote a thing that is a part of something else.

metonym

but be aware that some metonyms derive from meronyms; for example, wheels/automobile, jet/jet airplane, head/cow


meronym

meronym (indefinite nominative singular)
meronyms (genitive indefinite singular)
meronymen (definite nominative singular)
meronymens (definite genitive singular)
meronymer (indefinite nominative plural)
meronymers (genitive indefinite plural)
meronymerna (definite nominative plural)
meronymernas (definite genitive plural)


holonym

Holonyms: semantic network, wordnet, thesaurus

The word "face" is a holonym of the word "eye", which is a holonym of the word "retina".

(semantics, philosophy) A term that denotes the whole of which another term's referent is a part.


holonym

holonym (indefinite nominative singular)
holonyms (genitive indefinite singular)
holonymen (definite nominative singular)
holonymens (definite genitive singular)
holonymer (indefinite nominative plural)
holonymers (genitive indefinite plural)
holonymerna (definite nominative plural)
holonymernas (definite genitive plural)


ضد

ar-noun

ضِدّ • (ḍidd) m (plural أَضْدَاد (ʔaḍdād))

ضِدّ (canonical)
ḍidd (romanization)
أَضْدَاد (plural)
ضِدّ (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الضِّدّ (definite informal singular triptote)
ضِدّ (construct informal singular triptote)
ضِدٌّ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الضِّدُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
ضِدُّ (construct nominative singular triptote)
ضِدًّا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الضِّدَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
ضِدَّ (accusative construct singular triptote)
ضِدٍّ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الضِّدِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)
ضِدِّ (construct genitive singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الضِّدَّيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
ضِدَّانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الضِّدَّانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
ضِدَّا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الضِّدَّيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الضِّدَّيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَضْدَاد (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَضْدَاد (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَضْدَاد (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَضْدَادٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَضْدَادُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَضْدَادُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَضْدَادًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَضْدَادَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَضْدَادَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَضْدَادٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَضْدَادِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَضْدَادِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: zidd

→ Crimean Tatar: zıt

→ Karaim: зыт

→ Krymchak: зыт

→ Ottoman Turkish: ضد (żıd, żıt)

> Turkish: zıt (inherited)

→ Tatar: зыт (zıt)

→ Uyghur: زىت (zit)

→ Uzbek: zid

From the root ض د د (ḍ d d). Likely related to Hebrew צד (tsád).

ar-root

ض د د (ḍ d d)

(semantics) word with two opposite meanings; auto-antonym


ضد

ضِد (canonical)
zid (romanization)
ज़िद (Hindi)
ضِدّ (direct singular)
ضِدّیں (direct plural)
ضِدّ (oblique singular)
ضِدّوں (oblique plural)
ضِدّ (singular vocative)
ضِدّو (plural vocative)

First attested in c. 1665 as Middle Hindi ضد (zid, zidd), borrowed from Classical Persian ضِدّ (zidd), itself from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd). Cognate with Punjabi ضِدّ (ẓidd).


intension

From Latin intēnsiō (“straining, effort; intensifying”), from intēnsus (“stretched”), perfect passive participle of intendō (“strain or stretch toward”).

uder

'Is a plant', 'has a trunk', 'has leaves' are intensions of the concept tree. Its extension is the set of all trees existing in the real world.

This law is, that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse ratio of its extension.

1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:

(logic, semantics) Any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol, contrasted with actual instances in the real world to which the term applies.


antonymy

en-noun

antonymy (countable and uncountable, plural antonymies)

(semantics) The semantic relation between antonyms; the quality of being antonymous.


polyseme

(semantics) A word or phrase that has multiple meanings, or, more specifically, multiple etymologically related meanings.


definiendum

Borrowed from Latin dēfīniendum, gerund of dēfīniō.

However, most advocates of the importance of real definition have limited the definiendum to certain kinds of things: usually an abstract entity or a concept.

1991, William Thomas Parry, Edward A. Hacker, Aristotelian Logic, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 84:

The objects themselves are the definienda of the definition. The first set of properties through which the definienda are collected together to form a group is called ‘the limiting properties of being the definienda of the definition’.

2013, Edward Craig, editor, Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge, →ISBN, page 198:

(semantics) The term (word or phrase) defined in a definition (whether inside a sentence, as a dictionary entry, or otherwise).


definiens

From Latin, substantive use of dēfīniēns (“[a] defining”), present active participle of dēfīniō.

Yet such predicates will not in general even be interpreted over the domain of objects over which the definientia range.

1977, Nelson Goodman, The Structure of Appearance, 3rd edition, D. Reidel, →ISBN, page XLIV:

In these definitions, then, there is only one part of the definiens, the form (e.g. being a human soul), which is prior to the kind and its matter.

2011, Michail Peramatzis, Priority in Aristotle's Metaphysics, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 196:

(semantics) The word or phrase that defines the definiendum in a definition.


代名詞

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (代名詞):
* → Japanese: 代(だい)名(めい)詞(し) (daimeishi)
* → Korean: 대명사(代名詞) (daemyeongsa)
* → Vietnamese: đại danh từ (代名詞)

/taɪ̯⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tɔːi̯²² mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ¹³⁻²² su¹³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³⁻³³ su²³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sɯ²⁴/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tɔːi̯²² mɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ¹³⁻²² su¹³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³⁻³³ su²³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sɯ²⁴/

In the eyes of many Chinese mainlanders, the way Taiwanese people speak is always synonymous to "effiminate."

2019 March 26, 郑子宁 (Zhen Zining), 《台湾腔为什么这么“娘”》, in 《国防时报》, page 21

Zài bùshào dàlùrén yǎnzhōng, táiwānrén de shuōhuà fāngshì yīzhí shì “niáng” de dàimíngcí.

在不少大陸人眼中，臺灣人的說話方式一直是「娘」的代名詞。

在不少大陆人眼中，台湾人的说话方式一直是「娘」的代名词。


同義語

[do̞ːɡʲiɡo̞]


antonim

antonim (nominative singular)
antonimy (nominative plural)
antonimu (genitive singular)
antonimów (genitive plural)
antonimowi (dative singular)
antonimom (dative plural)
antonim (accusative singular)
antonimy (accusative plural)
antonimem (instrumental singular)
antonimami (instrumental plural)
antonimie (locative singular)
antonimach (locative plural)
antonimie (singular vocative)
antonimy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French antonyme, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- + ὄνυμα (anti- + ónuma). By surface analysis, anty- + -onim.

der

ἀντι- + ὄνυμα


synonymum

singular
plural
nominative
synonymum
synonymá
genitive
synonyma
synoným
dative
synonymu
synonymám
accusative
locative
synonyme
synonymách
instrumental
synonymom
synonymami


antonymum

antonymum (nominative singular)
antonyma (nominative plural)
antonyma (genitive singular)
antonym (genitive plural)
antonymu (dative singular)
antonymům (dative plural)
antonymum (accusative singular)
antonyma (accusative plural)
antonymum (singular vocative)
antonyma (plural vocative)
antonymu (locative singular)
antonymech (locative plural)
antonymem (instrumental singular)
antonymy (instrumental plural)


antonymum

singular
plural
nominative
antonymum
antonymá
genitive
antonyma
antoným
dative
antonymu
antonymám
accusative
locative
antonyme
antonymách
instrumental
antonymom
antonymami


smysl

smysl (nominative singular)
smysly (nominative plural)
smyslu (genitive singular)
smyslů (genitive plural)
smyslu (dative singular)
smyslům (dative plural)
smysl (accusative singular)
smysly (accusative plural)
smysle (singular vocative)
smysly (plural vocative)
smyslu (locative singular)
smyslech (locative plural)
smyslem (instrumental singular)
smysly (instrumental plural)

v tomto slova smyslu


význam

význam (nominative singular)
významy (nominative plural)
významu (genitive singular)
významů (genitive plural)
významu (dative singular)
významům (dative plural)
význam (accusative singular)
významy (accusative plural)
význame (singular vocative)
významy (plural vocative)
významu (locative singular)
významech (locative plural)
významem (instrumental singular)
významy (instrumental plural)


synonymie

synonymie (nominative singular)
synonymie (nominative plural)
synonymie (genitive singular)
synonymií (genitive plural)
synonymii (dative singular)
synonymiím (dative plural)
synonymii (accusative singular)
synonymie (accusative plural)
synonymie (singular vocative)
synonymie (plural vocative)
synonymii (locative singular)
synonymiích (locative plural)
synonymií (instrumental singular)
synonymiemi (instrumental plural)

(semantics) synonymy (quality of being synonymous)


synonymita

synonymita (nominative singular)
synonymity (nominative plural)
synonymity (genitive singular)
synonymit (genitive plural)
synonymitě (dative singular)
synonymitám (dative plural)
synonymitu (accusative singular)
synonymity (accusative plural)
synonymito (singular vocative)
synonymity (plural vocative)
synonymitě (locative singular)
synonymitách (locative plural)
synonymitou (instrumental singular)
synonymitami (instrumental plural)


definice

definice (nominative singular)
definice (nominative plural)
definice (genitive singular)
definic (genitive plural)
definicí (genitive plural)
definici (dative singular)
definicím (dative plural)
definici (accusative singular)
definice (accusative plural)
definice (singular vocative)
definice (plural vocative)
definici (locative singular)
definicích (locative plural)
definicí (instrumental singular)
definicemi (instrumental plural)

(semantics) definition (statement of the meaning)


acepción

acepciones (plural)
aceición (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin acceptio, acceptionem.


acepción

fax-noun

acepción f (plural (Lagarteiru, Mañegu) acepciós or (Valverdeñu) acepcións)


acepción

acepcións (plural)
acepçom (alternative)
aceçom (alternative)
acepção (alternative)
aceção (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin acceptiō, acceptiōnem.


نقيض

ar-noun

نَقِيض • (naqīḍ) m (plural نَقَائِض (naqāʔiḍ))

نَقِيض (canonical)
naqīḍ (romanization)
نَقَائِض (plural)
نَقِيض (indefinite informal singular triptote)
النَّقِيض (definite informal singular triptote)
نَقِيض (construct informal singular triptote)
نَقِيضٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
النَّقِيضُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نَقِيضُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
نَقِيضًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
النَّقِيضَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
نَقِيضَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
نَقِيضٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
النَّقِيضِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
نَقِيضِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
نَقِيضَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
النَّقِيضَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
نَقِيضَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
نَقِيضَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
النَّقِيضَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
نَقِيضَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
نَقِيضَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
النَّقِيضَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
نَقِيضَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
نَقِيضَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
النَّقِيضَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
نَقِيضَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
نَقَائِض (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
النَّقَائِض (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
نَقَائِض (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
نَقَائِضُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
النَّقَائِضُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
نَقَائِضُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
نَقَائِضَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
النَّقَائِضَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
نَقَائِضَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
نَقَائِضَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
النَّقَائِضِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
نَقَائِضِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)


homófono

pt-adj

homófono (feminine homófona, masculine plural homófonos, feminine plural homófonas)

homófona (feminine)
homófonos (masculine plural)
homófonas (feminine plural)

From Ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος (homóphōnos), from ὁμός (homós) + φωνή (phōnḗ). By surface analysis, homo- + -fono.

(phonetics, semantics) homophonous (having the same pronunciation)


homófono

(semantics) homophone (word with the same pronunciation as another)


cohyponym

cohyponyms (plural)
co-hyponym (alternative)

Seventy-two subjects attempted to recall the object nouns of seven once-exposed sentences given as retrieval cues the subject noun of each sentence and four other words related to the subject noun. The related cues were a remote superordinate, a close superordinate, a remote cohyponym, and a close cohyponym of the subject noun. Four predictions about differences in effectiveness of these cues, derived from the Katz and Fodor and the Quillian theories of semantics, were confirmed. There was one case about which the theories made different predictions. Consistent with Quillian's theory, but contrary to the Katz and Fodor theory, significantly more words were recalled when the cue was a close rather than a remote superordinate.

1972 December 1, Richard C. Anderson, “Semantic organization and retrieval of information from sentences”, in Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, volume 11, number 6, →DOI, pages 794-800:

coordinate term
coordinate term#English:_Q4118257


complementarity

en-noun

complementarity (countable and uncountable, plural complementarities)

For complementarity, there are entailments both from affirmative sentences to the corresponding negative sentences (which is what ordinary antonymy allows) and from negative sentences to the corresponding affirmative sentences. [...] That light is on entails That light is not off. That light is not on entails That light is off.

2005, Andrew John Merrison, Aileen Bloomer, Patrick Griffiths, Christopher J. Hall, Introducing Language in Use, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 112:

(linguistics, philosophy, semantics) A semantic relationship between two words wherein negative use of one entails the affirmative of the other with no gradability; the relation of binary antonyms.


omofono

it-adj

omofono (feminine omofona, masculine plural omofoni, feminine plural omofone)

omofona (feminine)
omofoni (masculine plural)
omofone (feminine plural)

From Ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος (homóphōnos). By surface analysis, omo- + -fono.


szinonima

szinonimák (plural)
szinonima (nominative singular)
szinonimák (nominative plural)
szinonimát (accusative singular)
szinonimákat (accusative plural)
szinonimának (dative singular)
szinonimáknak (dative plural)
szinonimával (instrumental singular)
szinonimákkal (instrumental plural)
szinonimáért (causal-final singular)
szinonimákért (causal-final plural)
szinonimává (singular translative)
szinonimákká (plural translative)
szinonimáig (singular terminative)
szinonimákig (plural terminative)
szinonimaként (essive-formal singular)
szinonimákként (essive-formal plural)
szinonimában (inessive singular)
szinonimákban (inessive plural)
szinonimán (singular superessive)
szinonimákon (plural superessive)
szinonimánál (adessive singular)
szinonimáknál (adessive plural)
szinonimába (illative singular)
szinonimákba (illative plural)
szinonimára (singular sublative)
szinonimákra (plural sublative)
szinonimához (allative singular)
szinonimákhoz (allative plural)
szinonimából (elative singular)
szinonimákból (elative plural)
szinonimáról (delative singular)
szinonimákról (delative plural)
szinonimától (ablative singular)
szinonimáktól (ablative plural)
szinonimáé (singular)
szinonimáké (plural)
szinonimáéi (singular)
szinonimákéi (plural)
szinonimám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
szinonimáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
szinonimád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
szinonimáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
szinonimája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
szinonimái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
szinonimánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
szinonimáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
szinonimátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
szinonimáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
szinonimájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
szinonimáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


szinonim

szinonim (nominative singular)
szinonimak (nominative plural)
szinonimat (accusative singular)
szinonimakat (accusative plural)
szinonimnak (dative singular)
szinonimaknak (dative plural)
szinonimmal (instrumental singular)
szinonimakkal (instrumental plural)
szinonimért (causal-final singular)
szinonimakért (causal-final plural)
szinonimmá (singular translative)
szinonimakká (plural translative)
szinonimig (singular terminative)
szinonimakig (plural terminative)
szinonimként (essive-formal singular)
szinonimakként (essive-formal plural)
szinonimban (inessive singular)
szinonimakban (inessive plural)
szinonimon (singular superessive)
szinonimakon (plural superessive)
szinonimnál (adessive singular)
szinonimaknál (adessive plural)
szinonimba (illative singular)
szinonimakba (illative plural)
szinonimra (singular sublative)
szinonimakra (plural sublative)
szinonimhoz (allative singular)
szinonimakhoz (allative plural)
szinonimból (elative singular)
szinonimakból (elative plural)
szinonimról (delative singular)
szinonimakról (delative plural)
szinonimtól (ablative singular)
szinonimaktól (ablative plural)
szinonimé (singular)
szinonimaké (plural)
szinoniméi (singular)
szinonimakéi (plural)
szinonim (nominative singular)
szinonimok (nominative plural)
szinonimot (accusative singular)
szinonimokat (accusative plural)
szinonimnak (dative singular)
szinonimoknak (dative plural)
szinonimmal (instrumental singular)
szinonimokkal (instrumental plural)
szinonimért (causal-final singular)
szinonimokért (causal-final plural)
szinonimmá (singular translative)
szinonimokká (plural translative)
szinonimig (singular terminative)
szinonimokig (plural terminative)
szinonimként (essive-formal singular)
szinonimokként (essive-formal plural)
szinonimban (inessive singular)
szinonimokban (inessive plural)
szinonimon (singular superessive)
szinonimokon (plural superessive)
szinonimnál (adessive singular)
szinonimoknál (adessive plural)
szinonimba (illative singular)
szinonimokba (illative plural)
szinonimra (singular sublative)
szinonimokra (plural sublative)
szinonimhoz (allative singular)
szinonimokhoz (allative plural)
szinonimból (elative singular)
szinonimokból (elative plural)
szinonimról (delative singular)
szinonimokról (delative plural)
szinonimtól (ablative singular)
szinonimoktól (ablative plural)
szinonimé (singular)
szinonimoké (plural)
szinoniméi (singular)
szinonimokéi (plural)

From German synonym, from French synonyme, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).

(semantics) synonymic, synonymical, synonymous (of, relating to, or being a synonym)


Referenz

de-noun

Referenz f (genitive Referenz, plural Referenzen)

Referenz (genitive)
Referenzen (plural)
Referenz (nominative singular)
Referenzen (definite nominative plural)
Referenz (genitive singular)
Referenzen (definite genitive plural)
Referenz (dative singular)
Referenzen (dative definite plural)
Referenz (accusative singular)
Referenzen (accusative definite plural)


Unterbegriff

Unterbegriff m (strong, genitive Unterbegriffes or Unterbegriffs, plural Unterbegriffe)

Unterbegriffes (genitive)
Unterbegriffs (genitive)
Unterbegriffe (plural)
Unterbegriff (nominative singular)
Unterbegriffe (definite nominative plural)
Unterbegriffes (genitive singular)
Unterbegriffs (genitive singular)
Unterbegriffe (definite genitive plural)
Unterbegriff (dative singular)
Unterbegriffe (dative singular)
Unterbegriffen (dative definite plural)
Unterbegriff (accusative singular)
Unterbegriffe (accusative definite plural)


differentia

/dɪfəˈɹɛnʃɪə/

From Latin differentia. Doublet of difference.

That character, it seems to me, should be regarded as the practically important differentia of religion for our purpose; and just what it is can easily be brought out by comparing the mind of an abstractly conceived Christian with that of a moralist similarly conceived.

1902, William James, “Lecture II: Circumscription of the Topic”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 45:

If genera are different and co-ordinate, their differentiae are themselves different in kind. Take as an instance the genus ‘animal’ and the genus ‘knowledge’. ‘With feet’, ‘two-footed’, ‘winged’, ‘aquatic’, are differentiae of ‘animal’; the species of knowledge are not distinguished by the same differentiae.

1928, E. M. Edghill, Categories, translation of original by Aristotle:

In the case of a word like “surfboard,” the differentiae seem pretty clear. How is this board different from all other boards?

2017, Kory Stamper, Word By Word, Vintage, published 2018, page 116:

(logic, semantics, taxonomy) A distinguishing feature which marks a species off from other members of the same genus.


ostensive definition

en-noun

ostensive definition (plural ostensive definitions)

(semantics) A process of binding the meaning to the defined term by pointing out examples and counterexamples: definition by exemplification.


definition by pointing

definition by pointing (plural definitions by pointing)

The peculiar advantages of definition by pointing are only two. First, it is available before any other method is, namely, at the beginning of each symbolizer's life.

Ampere is likewise incapable of definition by pointing and has to be defined ...

1954, F.A. Philbrick, Understanding English: An Introduction to Semantics:

He argues that independent of any verbal definitions, we know the meaning of blue and green, say through a definition by pointing.

1964, Ronald Christensen, Foundations of Inductive Reasoning:

Closely related to definition by pointing is definition by examples. Using this method to define "suspension bridge," one might mention the Brooklyn Bridge, ...

1976, Peter T. Manicas, Arthur N. Kruger, Logic: The Essentials:

Ostensive definition
ostensive definition


ostenzivní definice

ostenzivní definice (nominative singular)
ostenzivní definice (nominative plural)
ostenzivní definice (genitive singular)
ostenzivních definic (genitive plural)
ostenzivních definicí (genitive plural)
ostenzivní definici (dative singular)
ostenzivním definicím (dative plural)
ostenzivní definici (accusative singular)
ostenzivní definice (accusative plural)
ostenzivní definice (singular vocative)
ostenzivní definice (plural vocative)
ostenzivní definici (locative singular)
ostenzivních definicích (locative plural)
ostenzivní definicí (instrumental singular)
ostenzivními definicemi (instrumental plural)

ostensive definition
ostensive definition


definice ukázáním

definice ukázáním (nominative singular)
definice ukázáním (nominative plural)
definice ukázáním (genitive singular)
definic ukázáním (genitive plural)
definici ukázáním (dative singular)
definicím ukázáním (dative plural)
definici ukázáním (accusative singular)
definice ukázáním (accusative plural)
definice ukázáním (singular vocative)
definice ukázáním (plural vocative)
definici ukázáním (locative singular)
definicích ukázáním (locative plural)
definicí ukázáním (instrumental singular)
definicemi ukázáním (instrumental plural)

definition by pointing
definition by pointing


recursive definition

recursive definition (plural recursive definitions)

(semantics) A definition of a term within which the term itself appears, and that is well-founded, avoiding an infinite regress.


definice kruhem

definice kruhem (nominative singular)
definice kruhem (nominative plural)
definice kruhem (genitive singular)
definic kruhem (genitive plural)
definici kruhem (dative singular)
definicím kruhem (dative plural)
definici kruhem (accusative singular)
definice kruhem (accusative plural)
definice kruhem (singular vocative)
definice kruhem (plural vocative)
definici kruhem (locative singular)
definicích kruhem (locative plural)
definicí kruhem (instrumental singular)
definicemi kruhem (instrumental plural)


intensional definition

intensional definition (plural intensional definitions)

(semantics) A definition that gives the meaning of a term by specifying all the properties of the things to which the term applies.


extensional definition

extensional definition (plural extensional definitions)

(semantics) A definition of a term that specifies its extension, that is, every object that falls under the definition.


enumerative definition

enumerative definition (plural enumerative definitions)

(semantics) A definition that exhaustively lists all the objects that fall under the defined term.


absent referent

absent referent (plural absent referents)

(semantics) The condition of a sign which has an empty, absent, non-existent, paradoxical, hypothetical, supernatural, or undefined referent, such as nothing, null, vacuum, or void.


extenze

extenze (nominative singular)
extenze (nominative plural)
extenze (genitive singular)
extenzí (genitive plural)
extenzi (dative singular)
extenzím (dative plural)
extenzi (accusative singular)
extenze (accusative plural)
extenze (singular vocative)
extenze (plural vocative)
extenzi (locative singular)
extenzích (locative plural)
extenzí (instrumental singular)
extenzemi (instrumental plural)
extense (alternative dated)


intenze

intenze (nominative singular)
intenze (nominative plural)
intenze (genitive singular)
intenzí (genitive plural)
intenzi (dative singular)
intenzím (dative plural)
intenzi (accusative singular)
intenze (accusative plural)
intenze (singular vocative)
intenze (plural vocative)
intenzi (locative singular)
intenzích (locative plural)
intenzí (instrumental singular)
intenzemi (instrumental plural)
intense (alternative dated)


conceptual definition

conceptual definition (plural conceptual definitions)

(semantics) A definition in terms of concepts, instead of in terms of the results of measuring procedures or exemplification alone.


inductive definition

inductive definition (plural inductive definitions)

recursive definition
recursive definition


antônimo

pt-adj

antônimo (feminine antônima, masculine plural antônimos, feminine plural antônimas)

antônima (feminine)
antônimos (masculine plural)
antônimas (feminine plural)
antónimo (alternative Portugal)

(semantics) antonymous (having an opposite meaning)


antônimo

antônimos (plural)
antónimo (alternative Portugal)

(semantics) antonym (word which has the opposite meaning)


Konnotation

de-noun

Konnotation f (genitive Konnotation, plural Konnotationen)

Konnotation (genitive)
Konnotationen (plural)
Konnotation (nominative singular)
Konnotationen (definite nominative plural)
Konnotation (genitive singular)
Konnotationen (definite genitive plural)
Konnotation (dative singular)
Konnotationen (dative definite plural)
Konnotation (accusative singular)
Konnotationen (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin connotātiō, from Latin connotō.

(semantics) connotation (suggested or implied meaning)


υπώνυμο

ypónymo (romanization)
υπώνυμα (plural)
υπώνυμο (nominative singular)
υπώνυμα (nominative plural)
υπωνύμου (genitive singular)
υπώνυμου (genitive singular)
υπωνύμων (genitive plural)
υπώνυμο (accusative singular)
υπώνυμα (accusative plural)
υπώνυμο (singular vocative)
υπώνυμα (plural vocative)


tarkoite

tarkoite (nominative singular)
tarkoitteet (nominative plural)
tarkoite (accusative nominative singular)
tarkoitteet (accusative nominative plural)
tarkoitteen (accusative genitive singular)
tarkoitteet (accusative genitive plural)
tarkoitteen (genitive singular)
tarkoitteiden (genitive plural)
tarkoitteitten (genitive plural)
tarkoitetta (partitive singular)
tarkoitteita (partitive plural)
tarkoitteessa (inessive singular)
tarkoitteissa (inessive plural)
tarkoitteesta (elative singular)
tarkoitteista (elative plural)
tarkoitteeseen (illative singular)
tarkoitteisiin (illative plural)
tarkoitteihin (illative plural)
tarkoitteella (adessive singular)
tarkoitteilla (adessive plural)
tarkoitteelta (ablative singular)
tarkoitteilta (ablative plural)
tarkoitteelle (allative singular)
tarkoitteille (allative plural)
tarkoitteena (essive singular)
tarkoitteina (essive plural)
tarkoitteeksi (singular translative)
tarkoitteiksi (plural translative)
tarkoitteetta (abessive singular)
tarkoitteitta (abessive plural)
tarkoittein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
tarkoitteeni (nominative singular)
tarkoitteeni (nominative plural)
tarkoitteeni (accusative nominative singular)
tarkoitteeni (accusative nominative plural)
tarkoitteeni (accusative genitive singular)
tarkoitteeni (accusative genitive plural)
tarkoitteeni (genitive singular)
tarkoitteideni (genitive plural)
tarkoitteitteni (genitive plural)
tarkoitettani (partitive singular)
tarkoitteitani (partitive plural)
tarkoitteessani (inessive singular)
tarkoitteissani (inessive plural)
tarkoitteestani (elative singular)
tarkoitteistani (elative plural)
tarkoitteeseeni (illative singular)
tarkoitteisiini (illative plural)
tarkoitteihini (illative plural)
tarkoitteellani (adessive singular)
tarkoitteillani (adessive plural)
tarkoitteeltani (ablative singular)
tarkoitteiltani (ablative plural)
tarkoitteelleni (allative singular)
tarkoitteilleni (allative plural)
tarkoitteenani (essive singular)
tarkoitteinani (essive plural)
tarkoitteekseni (singular translative)
tarkoitteikseni (plural translative)
tarkoitteettani (abessive singular)
tarkoitteittani (abessive plural)
tarkoitteineni (comitative plural)
tarkoitteesi (nominative singular)
tarkoitteesi (nominative plural)
tarkoitteesi (accusative nominative singular)
tarkoitteesi (accusative nominative plural)
tarkoitteesi (accusative genitive singular)
tarkoitteesi (accusative genitive plural)
tarkoitteesi (genitive singular)
tarkoitteidesi (genitive plural)
tarkoitteittesi (genitive plural)
tarkoitettasi (partitive singular)
tarkoitteitasi (partitive plural)
tarkoitteessasi (inessive singular)
tarkoitteissasi (inessive plural)
tarkoitteestasi (elative singular)
tarkoitteistasi (elative plural)
tarkoitteeseesi (illative singular)
tarkoitteisiisi (illative plural)
tarkoitteihisi (illative plural)
tarkoitteellasi (adessive singular)
tarkoitteillasi (adessive plural)
tarkoitteeltasi (ablative singular)
tarkoitteiltasi (ablative plural)
tarkoitteellesi (allative singular)
tarkoitteillesi (allative plural)
tarkoitteenasi (essive singular)
tarkoitteinasi (essive plural)
tarkoitteeksesi (singular translative)
tarkoitteiksesi (plural translative)
tarkoitteettasi (abessive singular)
tarkoitteittasi (abessive plural)
tarkoitteinesi (comitative plural)
tarkoitteemme (nominative singular)
tarkoitteemme (nominative plural)
tarkoitteemme (accusative nominative singular)
tarkoitteemme (accusative nominative plural)
tarkoitteemme (accusative genitive singular)
tarkoitteemme (accusative genitive plural)
tarkoitteemme (genitive singular)
tarkoitteidemme (genitive plural)
tarkoitteittemme (genitive plural)
tarkoitettamme (partitive singular)
tarkoitteitamme (partitive plural)
tarkoitteessamme (inessive singular)
tarkoitteissamme (inessive plural)
tarkoitteestamme (elative singular)
tarkoitteistamme (elative plural)
tarkoitteeseemme (illative singular)
tarkoitteisiimme (illative plural)
tarkoitteihimme (illative plural)
tarkoitteellamme (adessive singular)
tarkoitteillamme (adessive plural)
tarkoitteeltamme (ablative singular)
tarkoitteiltamme (ablative plural)
tarkoitteellemme (allative singular)
tarkoitteillemme (allative plural)
tarkoitteenamme (essive singular)
tarkoitteinamme (essive plural)
tarkoitteeksemme (singular translative)
tarkoitteiksemme (plural translative)
tarkoitteettamme (abessive singular)
tarkoitteittamme (abessive plural)
tarkoitteinemme (comitative plural)
tarkoitteenne (nominative singular)
tarkoitteenne (nominative plural)
tarkoitteenne (accusative nominative singular)
tarkoitteenne (accusative nominative plural)
tarkoitteenne (accusative genitive singular)
tarkoitteenne (accusative genitive plural)
tarkoitteenne (genitive singular)
tarkoitteidenne (genitive plural)
tarkoitteittenne (genitive plural)
tarkoitettanne (partitive singular)
tarkoitteitanne (partitive plural)
tarkoitteessanne (inessive singular)
tarkoitteissanne (inessive plural)
tarkoitteestanne (elative singular)
tarkoitteistanne (elative plural)
tarkoitteeseenne (illative singular)
tarkoitteisiinne (illative plural)
tarkoitteihinne (illative plural)
tarkoitteellanne (adessive singular)
tarkoitteillanne (adessive plural)
tarkoitteeltanne (ablative singular)
tarkoitteiltanne (ablative plural)
tarkoitteellenne (allative singular)
tarkoitteillenne (allative plural)
tarkoitteenanne (essive singular)
tarkoitteinanne (essive plural)
tarkoitteeksenne (singular translative)
tarkoitteiksenne (plural translative)
tarkoitteettanne (abessive singular)
tarkoitteittanne (abessive plural)
tarkoitteinenne (comitative plural)
tarkoitteensa (nominative singular)
tarkoitteensa (nominative plural)
tarkoitteensa (accusative nominative singular)
tarkoitteensa (accusative nominative plural)
tarkoitteensa (accusative genitive singular)
tarkoitteensa (accusative genitive plural)
tarkoitteensa (genitive singular)
tarkoitteidensa (genitive plural)
tarkoitteittensa (genitive plural)
tarkoitettaan (partitive singular)
tarkoitettansa (partitive singular)
tarkoitteitaan (partitive plural)
tarkoitteitansa (partitive plural)
tarkoitteessaan (inessive singular)
tarkoitteessansa (inessive singular)
tarkoitteissaan (inessive plural)
tarkoitteissansa (inessive plural)
tarkoitteestaan (elative singular)
tarkoitteestansa (elative singular)
tarkoitteistaan (elative plural)
tarkoitteistansa (elative plural)
tarkoitteeseensa (illative singular)
tarkoitteisiinsa (illative plural)
tarkoitteihinsa (illative plural)
tarkoitteellaan (adessive singular)
tarkoitteellansa (adessive singular)
tarkoitteillaan (adessive plural)
tarkoitteillansa (adessive plural)
tarkoitteeltaan (ablative singular)
tarkoitteeltansa (ablative singular)
tarkoitteiltaan (ablative plural)
tarkoitteiltansa (ablative plural)
tarkoitteelleen (allative singular)
tarkoitteellensa (allative singular)
tarkoitteilleen (allative plural)
tarkoitteillensa (allative plural)
tarkoitteenaan (essive singular)
tarkoitteenansa (essive singular)
tarkoitteinaan (essive plural)
tarkoitteinansa (essive plural)
tarkoitteekseen (singular translative)
tarkoitteeksensa (singular translative)
tarkoitteikseen (plural translative)
tarkoitteiksensa (plural translative)
tarkoitteettaan (abessive singular)
tarkoitteettansa (abessive singular)
tarkoitteittaan (abessive plural)
tarkoitteittansa (abessive plural)
tarkoitteineen (comitative plural)
tarkoitteinensa (comitative plural)


contestualizzare

it-verb

contestualizzàre (first-person singular present contestualìzzo, first-person singular past historic contestualizzài, past participle contestualizzàto, auxiliary avére)

contestualizzàre (canonical)
contestualìzzo (first-person present singular)
contestualizzài (first-person historic past singular)
contestualizzàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
contestualizzàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
contestualizzàndo (gerund)
contestualizzànte (participle present)
contestualizzàto (participle past)
contestualìzzo (first-person indicative present singular)
contestualìzzi (indicative present second-person singular)
contestualìzza (indicative present singular third-person)
contestualizziàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
contestualizzàte (indicative plural present second-person)
contestualìzzano (indicative plural present third-person)
contestualizzàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
contestualizzàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
contestualizzàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
contestualizzavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
contestualizzavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
contestualizzàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
contestualizzài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
contestualizzàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
contestualizzò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
contestualizzàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
contestualizzàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
contestualizzàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
contestualizzerò (first-person future indicative singular)
contestualizzerài (future indicative second-person singular)
contestualizzerà (future indicative singular third-person)
contestualizzerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
contestualizzeréte (future indicative plural second-person)
contestualizzerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
contestualizzerèi (conditional first-person singular)
contestualizzerésti (conditional second-person singular)
contestualizzerèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
contestualizzerébbe (conditional singular third-person)
contestualizzerémmo (conditional first-person plural)
contestualizzeréste (conditional plural second-person)
contestualizzerèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
contestualizzerébbero (conditional plural third-person)
contestualìzzi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
contestualìzzi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
contestualìzzi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
contestualizziàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
contestualizziàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
contestualìzzino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
contestualizzàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
contestualizzàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
contestualizzàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
contestualizzàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
contestualizzàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
contestualizzàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
contestualìzza (imperative second-person singular)
contestualìzzi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
contestualizziàmo (first-person imperative plural)
contestualizzàte (imperative plural second-person)
contestualìzzino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
contestualizzàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
contestualìzzi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
contestualizziàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
contestualizzàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
contestualìzzino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

(transitive, also linguistics, semantics, literary theory) to contextualize


lexical item

For quotations using this term, see Citations:lexical item.

He also realized that by comparing different types of text you may be able to spot "a different density ( repetition rate ) of lexical items, and different degrees of cohesion, in the short story and in the novel.

1993, Roman Kopytko, Polite Discourse in Shakespeare's English, page 396:

It is not surprising that this is a very common structure in language, because it allows the flexibility that was identified earlier in this paper as essential for an adequate lexical item.

1998, Edda Weigand, Contrastive Lexical Semantics, page 22:

The meaning of lexical items may be described in terms of combinations of semantic features.

2007, Kristel Proost ·, Conceptual Structure in Lexical Items, page 114:

Thus there are 3751 lexical items covered in total. Taking into account polysemy, there are 4315 separate senses.

2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of Hobson-Jobson”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 31, number 4, →DOI, page 490:

(semantics) A term (that is, a word or sequence of words) that acts as a unit of meaning, including words, phrases, phrasal verbs and proverbs; exemplified by cat, traffic light, take care of, by-the-way, and don't count your chickens before they hatch.


lexical unit

(semantics) A pairing of a word or phrase with one of its meanings.


funktionaalinen

fi-adj

funktionaalinen (comparative funktionaalisempi, superlative funktionaalisin)

funktionaalisempi (comparative)
funktionaalisin (superlative)
funktionaalinen (nominative singular)
funktionaaliset (nominative plural)
funktionaalinen (accusative nominative singular)
funktionaaliset (accusative nominative plural)
funktionaalisen (accusative genitive singular)
funktionaaliset (accusative genitive plural)
funktionaalisen (genitive singular)
funktionaalisten (genitive plural)
funktionaalisien (genitive plural)
funktionaalista (partitive singular)
funktionaalisia (partitive plural)
funktionaalisessa (inessive singular)
funktionaalisissa (inessive plural)
funktionaalisesta (elative singular)
funktionaalisista (elative plural)
funktionaaliseen (illative singular)
funktionaalisiin (illative plural)
funktionaalisella (adessive singular)
funktionaalisilla (adessive plural)
funktionaaliselta (ablative singular)
funktionaalisilta (ablative plural)
funktionaaliselle (allative singular)
funktionaalisille (allative plural)
funktionaalisena (essive singular)
funktionaalisina (essive plural)
funktionaaliseksi (singular translative)
funktionaalisiksi (plural translative)
funktionaalisetta (abessive singular)
funktionaalisitta (abessive plural)
funktionaalisin (instructive plural)
funktionaalisine (comitative plural)
funktionaaliseni (nominative singular)
funktionaaliseni (nominative plural)
funktionaaliseni (accusative nominative singular)
funktionaaliseni (accusative nominative plural)
funktionaaliseni (accusative genitive singular)
funktionaaliseni (accusative genitive plural)
funktionaaliseni (genitive singular)
funktionaalisteni (genitive plural)
funktionaalisieni (genitive plural)
funktionaalistani (partitive singular)
funktionaalisiani (partitive plural)
funktionaalisessani (inessive singular)
funktionaalisissani (inessive plural)
funktionaalisestani (elative singular)
funktionaalisistani (elative plural)
funktionaaliseeni (illative singular)
funktionaalisiini (illative plural)
funktionaalisellani (adessive singular)
funktionaalisillani (adessive plural)
funktionaaliseltani (ablative singular)
funktionaalisiltani (ablative plural)
funktionaaliselleni (allative singular)
funktionaalisilleni (allative plural)
funktionaalisenani (essive singular)
funktionaalisinani (essive plural)
funktionaalisekseni (singular translative)
funktionaalisikseni (plural translative)
funktionaalisettani (abessive singular)
funktionaalisittani (abessive plural)
funktionaalisineni (comitative plural)
funktionaalisesi (nominative singular)
funktionaalisesi (nominative plural)
funktionaalisesi (accusative nominative singular)
funktionaalisesi (accusative nominative plural)
funktionaalisesi (accusative genitive singular)
funktionaalisesi (accusative genitive plural)
funktionaalisesi (genitive singular)
funktionaalistesi (genitive plural)
funktionaalisiesi (genitive plural)
funktionaalistasi (partitive singular)
funktionaalisiasi (partitive plural)
funktionaalisessasi (inessive singular)
funktionaalisissasi (inessive plural)
funktionaalisestasi (elative singular)
funktionaalisistasi (elative plural)
funktionaaliseesi (illative singular)
funktionaalisiisi (illative plural)
funktionaalisellasi (adessive singular)
funktionaalisillasi (adessive plural)
funktionaaliseltasi (ablative singular)
funktionaalisiltasi (ablative plural)
funktionaalisellesi (allative singular)
funktionaalisillesi (allative plural)
funktionaalisenasi (essive singular)
funktionaalisinasi (essive plural)
funktionaaliseksesi (singular translative)
funktionaalisiksesi (plural translative)
funktionaalisettasi (abessive singular)
funktionaalisittasi (abessive plural)
funktionaalisinesi (comitative plural)
funktionaalisemme (nominative singular)
funktionaalisemme (nominative plural)
funktionaalisemme (accusative nominative singular)
funktionaalisemme (accusative nominative plural)
funktionaalisemme (accusative genitive singular)
funktionaalisemme (accusative genitive plural)
funktionaalisemme (genitive singular)
funktionaalistemme (genitive plural)
funktionaalisiemme (genitive plural)
funktionaalistamme (partitive singular)
funktionaalisiamme (partitive plural)
funktionaalisessamme (inessive singular)
funktionaalisissamme (inessive plural)
funktionaalisestamme (elative singular)
funktionaalisistamme (elative plural)
funktionaaliseemme (illative singular)
funktionaalisiimme (illative plural)
funktionaalisellamme (adessive singular)
funktionaalisillamme (adessive plural)
funktionaaliseltamme (ablative singular)
funktionaalisiltamme (ablative plural)
funktionaalisellemme (allative singular)
funktionaalisillemme (allative plural)
funktionaalisenamme (essive singular)
funktionaalisinamme (essive plural)
funktionaaliseksemme (singular translative)
funktionaalisiksemme (plural translative)
funktionaalisettamme (abessive singular)
funktionaalisittamme (abessive plural)
funktionaalisinemme (comitative plural)
funktionaalisenne (nominative singular)
funktionaalisenne (nominative plural)
funktionaalisenne (accusative nominative singular)
funktionaalisenne (accusative nominative plural)
funktionaalisenne (accusative genitive singular)
funktionaalisenne (accusative genitive plural)
funktionaalisenne (genitive singular)
funktionaalistenne (genitive plural)
funktionaalisienne (genitive plural)
funktionaalistanne (partitive singular)
funktionaalisianne (partitive plural)
funktionaalisessanne (inessive singular)
funktionaalisissanne (inessive plural)
funktionaalisestanne (elative singular)
funktionaalisistanne (elative plural)
funktionaaliseenne (illative singular)
funktionaalisiinne (illative plural)
funktionaalisellanne (adessive singular)
funktionaalisillanne (adessive plural)
funktionaaliseltanne (ablative singular)
funktionaalisiltanne (ablative plural)
funktionaalisellenne (allative singular)
funktionaalisillenne (allative plural)
funktionaalisenanne (essive singular)
funktionaalisinanne (essive plural)
funktionaaliseksenne (singular translative)
funktionaalisiksenne (plural translative)
funktionaalisettanne (abessive singular)
funktionaalisittanne (abessive plural)
funktionaalisinenne (comitative plural)
funktionaalisensa (nominative singular)
funktionaalisensa (nominative plural)
funktionaalisensa (accusative nominative singular)
funktionaalisensa (accusative nominative plural)
funktionaalisensa (accusative genitive singular)
funktionaalisensa (accusative genitive plural)
funktionaalisensa (genitive singular)
funktionaalistensa (genitive plural)
funktionaalisiensa (genitive plural)
funktionaalistaan (partitive singular)
funktionaalistansa (partitive singular)
funktionaalisiaan (partitive plural)
funktionaalisiansa (partitive plural)
funktionaalisessaan (inessive singular)
funktionaalisessansa (inessive singular)
funktionaalisissaan (inessive plural)
funktionaalisissansa (inessive plural)
funktionaalisestaan (elative singular)
funktionaalisestansa (elative singular)
funktionaalisistaan (elative plural)
funktionaalisistansa (elative plural)
funktionaaliseensa (illative singular)
funktionaalisiinsa (illative plural)
funktionaalisellaan (adessive singular)
funktionaalisellansa (adessive singular)
funktionaalisillaan (adessive plural)
funktionaalisillansa (adessive plural)
funktionaaliseltaan (ablative singular)
funktionaaliseltansa (ablative singular)
funktionaalisiltaan (ablative plural)
funktionaalisiltansa (ablative plural)
funktionaaliselleen (allative singular)
funktionaalisellensa (allative singular)
funktionaalisilleen (allative plural)
funktionaalisillensa (allative plural)
funktionaalisenaan (essive singular)
funktionaalisenansa (essive singular)
funktionaalisinaan (essive plural)
funktionaalisinansa (essive plural)
funktionaalisekseen (singular translative)
funktionaaliseksensa (singular translative)
funktionaalisikseen (plural translative)
funktionaalisiksensa (plural translative)
funktionaalisettaan (abessive singular)
funktionaalisettansa (abessive singular)
funktionaalisittaan (abessive plural)
funktionaalisittansa (abessive plural)
funktionaalisineen (comitative plural)
funktionaalisinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English functional). Adapted with the adjectival suffix + -inen.


homonymy

en-noun

homonymy (countable and uncountable, plural homonymies)

(semantics) The property of being a homonym.


polysémie

polysémie (nominative singular)
polysémie (nominative plural)
polysémie (genitive singular)
polysémií (genitive plural)
polysémii (dative singular)
polysémiím (dative plural)
polysémii (accusative singular)
polysémie (accusative plural)
polysémie (singular vocative)
polysémie (plural vocative)
polysémii (locative singular)
polysémiích (locative plural)
polysémií (instrumental singular)
polysémiemi (instrumental plural)


homonymie

homonymie (nominative singular)
homonymie (nominative plural)
homonymie (genitive singular)
homonymií (genitive plural)
homonymii (dative singular)
homonymiím (dative plural)
homonymii (accusative singular)
homonymie (accusative plural)
homonymie (singular vocative)
homonymie (plural vocative)
homonymii (locative singular)
homonymiích (locative plural)
homonymií (instrumental singular)
homonymiemi (instrumental plural)


monosémie

monosémie (nominative singular)
monosémie (nominative plural)
monosémie (genitive singular)
monosémií (genitive plural)
monosémii (dative singular)
monosémiím (dative plural)
monosémii (accusative singular)
monosémie (accusative plural)
monosémie (singular vocative)
monosémie (plural vocative)
monosémii (locative singular)
monosémiích (locative plural)
monosémií (instrumental singular)
monosémiemi (instrumental plural)


nghĩa

Sino-Vietnamese word from 義. An early Sino-Vietnamese reading (ESV); the more regular reading would be nghị. Compare also Quảng Ngãi.

[…] nghĩa là gì?

theo nghĩa xấu

Nếu từ này có nghĩa xấu, tôi sẽ không bao giờ dùng nó nữa.

If this word is pejorative, I will never use it again.


polysemia

polysemia (nominative singular)
polysemiat (nominative plural)
polysemia (accusative nominative singular)
polysemiat (accusative nominative plural)
polysemian (accusative genitive singular)
polysemiat (accusative genitive plural)
polysemian (genitive singular)
polysemioiden (genitive plural)
polysemioitten (genitive plural)
polysemiain (genitive plural rare)
polysemiaa (partitive singular)
polysemioita (partitive plural)
polysemiassa (inessive singular)
polysemioissa (inessive plural)
polysemiasta (elative singular)
polysemioista (elative plural)
polysemiaan (illative singular)
polysemioihin (illative plural)
polysemialla (adessive singular)
polysemioilla (adessive plural)
polysemialta (ablative singular)
polysemioilta (ablative plural)
polysemialle (allative singular)
polysemioille (allative plural)
polysemiana (essive singular)
polysemioina (essive plural)
polysemiaksi (singular translative)
polysemioiksi (plural translative)
polysemiatta (abessive singular)
polysemioitta (abessive plural)
polysemioin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
polysemiani (nominative singular)
polysemiani (nominative plural)
polysemiani (accusative nominative singular)
polysemiani (accusative nominative plural)
polysemiani (accusative genitive singular)
polysemiani (accusative genitive plural)
polysemiani (genitive singular)
polysemioideni (genitive plural)
polysemioitteni (genitive plural)
polysemiaini (genitive plural rare)
polysemiaani (partitive singular)
polysemioitani (partitive plural)
polysemiassani (inessive singular)
polysemioissani (inessive plural)
polysemiastani (elative singular)
polysemioistani (elative plural)
polysemiaani (illative singular)
polysemioihini (illative plural)
polysemiallani (adessive singular)
polysemioillani (adessive plural)
polysemialtani (ablative singular)
polysemioiltani (ablative plural)
polysemialleni (allative singular)
polysemioilleni (allative plural)
polysemianani (essive singular)
polysemioinani (essive plural)
polysemiakseni (singular translative)
polysemioikseni (plural translative)
polysemiattani (abessive singular)
polysemioittani (abessive plural)
polysemioineni (comitative plural)
polysemiasi (nominative singular)
polysemiasi (nominative plural)
polysemiasi (accusative nominative singular)
polysemiasi (accusative nominative plural)
polysemiasi (accusative genitive singular)
polysemiasi (accusative genitive plural)
polysemiasi (genitive singular)
polysemioidesi (genitive plural)
polysemioittesi (genitive plural)
polysemiaisi (genitive plural rare)
polysemiaasi (partitive singular)
polysemioitasi (partitive plural)
polysemiassasi (inessive singular)
polysemioissasi (inessive plural)
polysemiastasi (elative singular)
polysemioistasi (elative plural)
polysemiaasi (illative singular)
polysemioihisi (illative plural)
polysemiallasi (adessive singular)
polysemioillasi (adessive plural)
polysemialtasi (ablative singular)
polysemioiltasi (ablative plural)
polysemiallesi (allative singular)
polysemioillesi (allative plural)
polysemianasi (essive singular)
polysemioinasi (essive plural)
polysemiaksesi (singular translative)
polysemioiksesi (plural translative)
polysemiattasi (abessive singular)
polysemioittasi (abessive plural)
polysemioinesi (comitative plural)
polysemiamme (nominative singular)
polysemiamme (nominative plural)
polysemiamme (accusative nominative singular)
polysemiamme (accusative nominative plural)
polysemiamme (accusative genitive singular)
polysemiamme (accusative genitive plural)
polysemiamme (genitive singular)
polysemioidemme (genitive plural)
polysemioittemme (genitive plural)
polysemiaimme (genitive plural rare)
polysemiaamme (partitive singular)
polysemioitamme (partitive plural)
polysemiassamme (inessive singular)
polysemioissamme (inessive plural)
polysemiastamme (elative singular)
polysemioistamme (elative plural)
polysemiaamme (illative singular)
polysemioihimme (illative plural)
polysemiallamme (adessive singular)
polysemioillamme (adessive plural)
polysemialtamme (ablative singular)
polysemioiltamme (ablative plural)
polysemiallemme (allative singular)
polysemioillemme (allative plural)
polysemianamme (essive singular)
polysemioinamme (essive plural)
polysemiaksemme (singular translative)
polysemioiksemme (plural translative)
polysemiattamme (abessive singular)
polysemioittamme (abessive plural)
polysemioinemme (comitative plural)
polysemianne (nominative singular)
polysemianne (nominative plural)
polysemianne (accusative nominative singular)
polysemianne (accusative nominative plural)
polysemianne (accusative genitive singular)
polysemianne (accusative genitive plural)
polysemianne (genitive singular)
polysemioidenne (genitive plural)
polysemioittenne (genitive plural)
polysemiainne (genitive plural rare)
polysemiaanne (partitive singular)
polysemioitanne (partitive plural)
polysemiassanne (inessive singular)
polysemioissanne (inessive plural)
polysemiastanne (elative singular)
polysemioistanne (elative plural)
polysemiaanne (illative singular)
polysemioihinne (illative plural)
polysemiallanne (adessive singular)
polysemioillanne (adessive plural)
polysemialtanne (ablative singular)
polysemioiltanne (ablative plural)
polysemiallenne (allative singular)
polysemioillenne (allative plural)
polysemiananne (essive singular)
polysemioinanne (essive plural)
polysemiaksenne (singular translative)
polysemioiksenne (plural translative)
polysemiattanne (abessive singular)
polysemioittanne (abessive plural)
polysemioinenne (comitative plural)
polysemiansa (nominative singular)
polysemiansa (nominative plural)
polysemiansa (accusative nominative singular)
polysemiansa (accusative nominative plural)
polysemiansa (accusative genitive singular)
polysemiansa (accusative genitive plural)
polysemiansa (genitive singular)
polysemioidensa (genitive plural)
polysemioittensa (genitive plural)
polysemiainsa (genitive plural rare)
polysemiaansa (partitive singular)
polysemioitaan (partitive plural)
polysemioitansa (partitive plural)
polysemiassaan (inessive singular)
polysemiassansa (inessive singular)
polysemioissaan (inessive plural)
polysemioissansa (inessive plural)
polysemiastaan (elative singular)
polysemiastansa (elative singular)
polysemioistaan (elative plural)
polysemioistansa (elative plural)
polysemiaansa (illative singular)
polysemioihinsa (illative plural)
polysemiallaan (adessive singular)
polysemiallansa (adessive singular)
polysemioillaan (adessive plural)
polysemioillansa (adessive plural)
polysemialtaan (ablative singular)
polysemialtansa (ablative singular)
polysemioiltaan (ablative plural)
polysemioiltansa (ablative plural)
polysemialleen (allative singular)
polysemiallensa (allative singular)
polysemioilleen (allative plural)
polysemioillensa (allative plural)
polysemianaan (essive singular)
polysemianansa (essive singular)
polysemioinaan (essive plural)
polysemioinansa (essive plural)
polysemiakseen (singular translative)
polysemiaksensa (singular translative)
polysemioikseen (plural translative)
polysemioiksensa (plural translative)
polysemiattaan (abessive singular)
polysemiattansa (abessive singular)
polysemioittaan (abessive plural)
polysemioittansa (abessive plural)
polysemioineen (comitative plural)
polysemioinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English polysemy).


lexikální jednotka

lexikální jednotka (nominative singular)
lexikální jednotky (nominative plural)
lexikální jednotky (genitive singular)
lexikálních jednotek (genitive plural)
lexikální jednotce (dative singular)
lexikálním jednotkám (dative plural)
lexikální jednotku (accusative singular)
lexikální jednotky (accusative plural)
lexikální jednotko (singular vocative)
lexikální jednotky (plural vocative)
lexikální jednotce (locative singular)
lexikálních jednotkách (locative plural)
lexikální jednotkou (instrumental singular)
lexikálními jednotkami (instrumental plural)


hyponymy

hyponymy (countable and uncountable, plural hyponymies)

By isolating these two main types of relation, hyponymy and incompatibility, we can characterize the relations between a large web of items.

1977, Ruth Kempson, Semantic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 86:

(semantics) The semantic relation between hyponyms; the quality of being hyponymous.


hypernymy

hypernymy (countable and uncountable, plural hypernymies)

(semantics) The semantic relation between hypernyms; the quality of being hypernymous.


coordinate term

coordinate term (plural coordinate terms)

The words oak, maple, spruce, and linden are coordinate terms beneath the hypernym of tree.

The terms HDA, LAMP, MDA, NASBA, RPA, SDA, and TMA are coordinate terms beneath the hypernymic term isothermal nucleic acid amplification test.

(semantics) A term (word or noun phrase) that shares a hypernym (or hypernymic noun phrase) with another: that is, one that names another type (kind) within the same class.

cohipònim

a term which shares a hypernym with another

Wiktionary:Semantic relations § Coordinate term


nominatum

However, it is certain that whoever seriously regards the sentence either as true or false also attributes to the name “Odysseus” a nominatum, not only a sense; […]

1987, Anna Whiteside, Michael Issacharoff, On Referring in Literature, page 71:

(semantics) Something that is named; the referent of a name or noun.