adjunct

/ˈæd͡ʒ.ʌŋkt/

From Latin adiunctus, perfect passive participle of adiungō (“join to”), from ad + iungō (“join”). Doublet of adjoint.

We can see from (34) that Determiners are sisters of N-bar and daughters of N-double-bar; Adjuncts are both sisters and daughters of N-bar; and Complements are sisters of N and daughters of N-bar. This means that Adjuncts resemble Complements in that both are daughters of N-bar; but they differ from Complements in that Adjuncts are sisters of N-bar, whereas Complements are sisters of N. Likewise, it means that Adjuncts resemble Determiners in that both are sisters of N-bar, but they differ from Determiners in that Adjuncts are daughters of N-bar, whereas Determiners are daughters of N-double-bar.

1988, Andrew Radford, Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 177:

(syntax, X-bar theory) A constituent which is both the daughter and the sister of an X-bar.


daughter

en-noun

daughter (plural daughters or (archaic) daughtren)

daughters (plural)
daughtren (archaic plural)

Australian Kriol: doda

From Middle English doughter, doghter, from Old English dohtor (“daughter”), from Proto-West Germanic *dohter, from Proto-Germanic *duhtēr, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr.

devil is beating his wife and marrying his daughter

We have distinguished two types of situations from the point of view of the placement of the obligatory X constituent within the phrase XP: one in which X is a daughter of XP, and one in which X is not a daughter of XP, but a daughter of one of the constituents of XP (in an adjunct configuration).

2013, Daniela Isac, Charles Reiss, “Chapter 7, Some details of sentence structure”, in I-Language: An Introduction to Linguistics as Cognitive Science, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 163:

Following the conventional pattern, the argument daughter of a node is assigned the index n0 and placed on the left side, and the functor daughter, the index n1, is placed on the right side.

2017, Yicheng Wu, “Chapter 2, The dynamics of language processing”, in The Interfaces of Chinese Syntax with Semantics and Pragmatics, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 17:


SD

sintagma determinante
sintagma determinante#Spanish

(grammar, syntax) Initialism of sintagma determinante (“determiner phrase”).


feed

en-verb

feed (third-person singular simple present feeds, present participle feeding, simple past and past participle fed)

feeds (present singular third-person)
feeding (participle present)
fed (participle past)
fed (past)

From Middle English feden, from Old English fēdan (“to feed”), from Proto-West Germanic *fōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *fōdijaną (“to feed”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to guard, graze, feed”). Cognate with West Frisian fiede (“to nourish, feed”), Dutch voeden (“to feed”), Danish føde (“to bring forth, feed”), Swedish föda (“to bring forth, feed”), Icelandic fæða (“to feed”), and more distantly with Latin pāscō (“feed, nourish”, verb) through Indo-European. More at food, fodder.

der

give a man a fish and you feed him for a day

teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime

This orthodox analysis […] leads to the conclusion that […] Subject–Auxiliary Inversion (SAI) is fed by the contraction operation.

1983, Arnold M. Zwicky, Geoffrey K. Pullum, “Cliticization vs. Inflection: English N'T”, in Language, volume 59, number 3, →JSTOR, page 506:

(syntax, of a syntactic rule) To create the syntactic environment in which another syntactic rule is applied; to be applied before another syntactic rule.


SN

sintagma nominal
sintagma nominal#Spanish

(grammar, syntax) Abbreviation of sintagma nominal.


fronting

en-noun

fronting (countable and uncountable, plural frontings)

(syntax) The movement of a word of phrase to nearer the beginning of a sentence or clause than it would usually appear, often for emphasis. May also occur as part of the standard syntax of particular constructions (e.g. wh-fronting).


grupu

grupu sintagmáticu
grupu sintagmáticu#Asturian

(linguistics, syntax) grupu sintagmáticu: a phrase


مفرد

ar-noun

مُفْرَد • (mufrad) m (plural مُفْرَدَات (mufradāt))

مُفْرَد (canonical)
mufrad (romanization)
مُفْرَدَات (plural)
مُفْرَد (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمُفْرَد (definite informal singular triptote)
مُفْرَد (construct informal singular triptote)
مُفْرَدٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمُفْرَدُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مُفْرَدُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
مُفْرَدًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْمُفْرَدَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
مُفْرَدٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمُفْرَدِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
مُفْرَدِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمُفْرَدَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمُفْرَدَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْمُفْرَدَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمُفْرَدَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
مُفْرَدَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْمُفْرَدَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
مُفْرَدَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
مُفْرَدَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْمُفْرَدَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
مُفْرَدَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
مُفْرَدَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْمُفْرَدَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
مُفْرَدَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
مُفْرَدَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْمُفْرَدَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
مُفْرَدَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

→ Malay: mufrad

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: مفرد (müfred)
→ Turkish: müfret

→ Persian: مفرد

Derived from the passive participle of أَفْرَدَ (ʔafrada).

(syntax) a sentence of no more than a subject and predicate


sintagma

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σύνταγμα (súntagma).


AOR

(syntax) Initialism of adjective ordering restrictions.


neitun

head

neitun f (genitive singular neitunar, nominative plural neitanir)

neitunar (genitive singular)
neitanir (nominative plural)
neitun (indefinite nominative singular)
neitunin (definite nominative singular)
neitanir (indefinite nominative plural)
neitanirnar (definite nominative plural)
neitun (accusative indefinite singular)
neitunina (accusative definite singular)
neitanir (accusative indefinite plural)
neitanirnar (accusative definite plural)
neitun (dative indefinite singular)
neituninni (dative definite singular)
neitunum (dative indefinite plural)
neitununum (dative definite plural)
neitunar (genitive indefinite singular)
neitunarinnar (definite genitive singular)
neitana (genitive indefinite plural)
neitananna (definite genitive plural)

Compare neita (“to deny; to refuse”) + -un.

sameiginleg neitun

joint denial, non-disjunction, rejection


PRO

(syntax) A theoretical phonologically null pronoun


c-command

A shortened form of "constituent command." The term may also have been chosen so as to eliminate confusion in speech with the similar notion kommand.

Given the key assumption of Trace Theory that a moved constituent leaves behind a coindexed trace, we might formulate the relevant principle that transformations cannot downgrade constituents in terms of an equivalent condition that a moved constituent cannot occupy a lower position than any of its traces. This principle might be stated more formally as in (85) below
 (85) C-COMMAND CONDITION
 (85) A moved constituent must c-command ( = constituent-command)
 (85) each of its traces at S-structure (X c-commands Y just in case the
 (85) first branching node dominating X dominates Y, and neither X
 (85) nor Y dominates the other)

1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 10, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 564:

(syntax) The relationship between a node in a parse tree and its sibling nodes (usually meaning the children of the first branching node that dominates the node) and all the sibling nodes' children.


c-command

en-verb

c-command (third-person singular simple present c-commands, present participle c-commanding, simple past and past participle c-commanded)

c-commands (present singular third-person)
c-commanding (participle present)
c-commanded (participle past)
c-commanded (past)

(syntax, transitive) To dominate in a c-command relationship.


málsgrein

head

málsgrein f (genitive singular málsgreinar, nominative plural málsgreinar)

málsgreinar (genitive singular)
málsgreinar (nominative plural)
málsgrein (indefinite nominative singular)
málsgreinin (definite nominative singular)
málsgreinar (indefinite nominative plural)
málsgreinarnar (definite nominative plural)
málsgrein (accusative indefinite singular)
málsgreinina (accusative definite singular)
málsgreinar (accusative indefinite plural)
málsgreinarnar (accusative definite plural)
málsgrein (dative indefinite singular)
málsgreininni (dative definite singular)
málsgreinum (dative indefinite plural)
málsgreinunum (dative definite plural)
málsgreinar (genitive indefinite singular)
málsgreinarinnar (definite genitive singular)
málsgreina (genitive indefinite plural)
málsgreinanna (definite genitive plural)

(grammar, syntax) sentence from the initial letter to the full stop, containing one or more setningar (“clauses”)

setningasamstæða

sentence from initial letter to full stop


wh-movement

en-noun

wh-movement (countable and uncountable, plural wh-movements)

Most English interrogative words start with wh-, for example, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, etc. (though how is an exception).

(syntax) a syntactic phenomenon found in many languages around the world, in which interrogative words (sometimes called wh-words) or phrases show a special word order. Unlike ordinary phrases, such wh-words appear at the beginning of an interrogative clause.

疑問詞移位

special order in interrogative sentences


predicand

In, "downhearted, he left," the predicand for downhearted is the person denoted by he (i.e. he was downhearted).

predicative complement
predicative complement

(syntax) What a clausal predicate, predicative complement or adjunct relates to.


kommand

From command; introduced by Howard Lasnik in 1976.

(syntax) The relationship between a node in a parse tree and other nodes dominated by the same minimal cyclic node.


σολοικισμός

head

σολοικισμός • (soloikismós) m

el-noun

σολοικισμός • (soloikismós) m

soloikismós (romanization)
σολοικισμός (nominative singular)
σολοικισμοί (nominative plural)
σολοικισμού (genitive singular)
σολοικισμών (genitive plural)
σολοικισμό (accusative singular)
σολοικισμούς (accusative plural)
σολοικισμέ (singular vocative)
σολοικισμοί (plural vocative)

el-decl-noun

σολοικισμούς

σο‧λοι‧κι‧σμός

Learnedly, from Ancient Greek σολοικισμός (soloikismós).

for mistakes in grammar, see βαρβαρισμός m (varvarismós, “barbarism -linguistics-”)

(linguistics, syntax) write or speak with mistakes in syntax, solecism

σόλοικος

with mistakes in syntax; figuratively: improper


aukafallsliður

head

aukafallsliður m (genitive singular aukafallsliðar, nominative plural aukafallsliðir)

aukafallsliðar (genitive singular)
aukafallsliðir (nominative plural)
aukafallsliður (indefinite nominative singular)
aukafallsliðurinn (definite nominative singular)
aukafallsliðir (indefinite nominative plural)
aukafallsliðirnir (definite nominative plural)
aukafallslið (accusative indefinite singular)
aukafallsliðinn (accusative definite singular)
aukafallsliði (accusative indefinite plural)
aukafallsliðina (accusative definite plural)
aukafallslið (dative indefinite singular)
aukafallsliðnum (dative definite singular)
aukafallsliðum (dative indefinite plural)
aukafallsliðunum (dative definite plural)
aukafallsliðar (genitive indefinite singular)
aukafallsliðarins (definite genitive singular)
aukafallsliða (genitive indefinite plural)
aukafallsliðanna (definite genitive plural)

prepositional phrase
prepositional phrase

(syntax) a noun phrase in an oblique (non-nominative) case, functioning as an adverb or a prepositional phrase wihout a preposition


תמורה

he-noun

תְּמוּרָה • (t'murá) f (plural indefinite תְּמוּרוֹת, singular construct תְּמוּרַת־)

תְּמוּרָה (canonical)
t'murá (romanization)
תְּמוּרוֹת (indefinite plural)
תְּמוּרַת־ (construct singular)


parse tree

context-free grammar
context-free grammar

(syntax) An ordered, rooted tree (data structure) that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some context-free grammar.

syntax tree

more commonly used in theoretical syntax


קשר

קַשָּׁר • (kashar) m (plural indefinite קַשָּׁרִים, singular construct קַשַּׁר־, plural construct קַשְּׁרֵי־, feminine counterpart קַשֶּׁרֶת or קַשָּׁרִית) [pattern: קַטָּל]

קַשָּׁר (canonical)
kashar (romanization)
קַשָּׁרִים (indefinite plural)
קַשַּׁר־ (construct singular)
קַשְּׁרֵי־ (construct plural)
קַשֶּׁרֶת (feminine)
קַשָּׁרִית (feminine)
קַשָּׁר (indefinite singular)
קַשָּׁרִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַשָּׁרֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַקַּשָּׁר (definite singular)
קַשָּׁרְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשָּׁרֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשַּׁרְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשַּׁרְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשַּׁר־ (construct singular)
קַשָּׁרוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשָּׁרָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשָּׁרָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַשָּׁרָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַשֶּׁרֶת (feminine indefinite singular)
קַשֶּׁרֶתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַשֶּׁרֶתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַקַּשֶּׁרֶת (definite feminine singular)
קַשֶּׁרֶתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשֶּׁרֶתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשֶּׁרֶתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשֶּׁרֶתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשֶּׁרֶת־ (construct feminine singular)
קַשֶּׁרֶתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשֶּׁרֶתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשֶּׁרֶתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַשֶּׁרֶתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַשָּׁרִית (feminine indefinite singular)
קַשָּׁרִיתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַשָּׁרִיתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַקַּשָּׁרִית (definite feminine singular)
קַשָּׁרִיתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשָּׁרִיתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשָּׁרִיתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשָּׁרִיתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשָּׁרִית־ (construct feminine singular)
קַשָּׁרִיתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשָּׁרִיתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשָּׁרִיתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַשָּׁרִיתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַשָּׁרִים (indefinite masculine plural)
קשריי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַשָּׁרַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַשָּׁרֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַקַּשָּׁרִים (definite masculine plural)
קַשָּׁרֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
קשרייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשָּׁרַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשָּׁרֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשָּׁרֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשָּׁרֵי־ (construct masculine plural)
קַשָּׁרָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשָּׁרֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשָּׁרֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַשָּׁרֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַשָּׁרוֹת (feminine indefinite plural)
קשרותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַשָּׁרוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַשָּׁרוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַקַּשָּׁרוֹת (definite feminine plural)
קַשָּׁרוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
קשרותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשָּׁרוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַשָּׁרוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשָּׁרוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַשָּׁרוֹת־ (construct feminine plural)
קַשָּׁרוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשָּׁרוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַשָּׁרוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַשָּׁרוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

Root
 ק־שׁ־ר (q-sh-r)
From the root ק־שׁ־ר.


πλαγιάζω

head

πλαγιάζω • (plagiázo)

el-verb

πλαγιάζω • (plagiázo) (past πλαγίασα, passive —)

plagiázo (romanization)
πλαγίασα (past)
πλαγιάζω (active first-person imperfective indicative present singular)
πλαγιάσω (active dependent first-person indicative perfective singular)
πλαγιάζεις (active imperfective indicative present second-person singular)
πλαγιάσεις (active dependent indicative perfective second-person singular)
πλαγιάζει (active imperfective indicative present singular third-person)
πλαγιάσει (active dependent indicative perfective singular third-person)
πλαγιάζουμε (active first-person imperfective indicative plural present)
‑ομε (active first-person imperfective indicative plural present rare)
πλαγιάσουμε (active dependent first-person indicative perfective plural)
‑ομε (active dependent first-person indicative perfective plural rare)
πλαγιάζετε (active imperfective indicative plural present second-person)
πλαγιάσετε (active dependent indicative perfective plural second-person)
πλαγιάζουν (active imperfective indicative plural present third-person)
πλαγιάζουνε (active imperfective indicative plural present third-person)
πλαγιάσουν (active dependent indicative perfective plural third-person)
πλαγιάσουνε (active dependent indicative perfective plural third-person)
πλαγίαζα (active first-person imperfect imperfective indicative singular)
πλαγίασα (active first-person indicative past perfective singular)
πλαγίαζες (active imperfect imperfective indicative second-person singular)
πλαγίασες (active indicative past perfective second-person singular)
πλαγίαζε (active imperfect imperfective indicative singular third-person)
πλαγίασε (active indicative past perfective singular third-person)
πλαγιάζαμε (active first-person imperfect imperfective indicative plural)
πλαγιάσαμε (active first-person indicative past perfective plural)
πλαγιάζατε (active imperfect imperfective indicative plural second-person)
πλαγιάσατε (active indicative past perfective plural second-person)
πλαγίαζαν (active imperfect imperfective indicative plural third-person)
πλαγιάζαν (active imperfect imperfective indicative plural third-person)
πλαγιάζανε (active imperfect imperfective indicative plural third-person)
πλαγίασαν (active indicative past perfective plural third-person)
πλαγιάσαν (active indicative past perfective plural third-person)
πλαγιάσανε (active indicative past perfective plural third-person)
θα πλαγιάζω (active first-person future imperfective indicative progressive singular)
θα πλαγιάσω (active first-person future indicative perfective singular)
Formed using present (active future imperfective perfective subjunctive)
dependent (for simple past) (active future imperfective perfective subjunctive)
πλαγίαζε (active imperative imperfective second-person singular)
πλαγίασε (active imperative perfective second-person singular)
πλαγιάζετε (active imperative imperfective plural second-person)
πλαγιάστε (active imperative perfective plural second-person)
πλαγιάζοντας (active indeclinable participle present)
έχοντας πλαγιάσει (active indeclinable participle perfect)
πλαγιασμένος (indeclinable participle passive perfect)
‑η (indeclinable participle passive perfect)
‑ο (indeclinable participle passive perfect)
πλαγιάσει (infinitive-aorist)

From Hellenistic Koine Greek πλαγιάζω (plagiázō, “turn sideways”). The sense "lean", since Medieval times.

inh

Babiniotis, Georgios
w:Georgios Babiniotis

(grammar, syntax, linguistics, transitive) to use indirect speech


αφορά

head

αφορά • (aforá)

el-verb

αφορά • (aforá) (imperfect αφορούσε) found only in the imperfective tenses

aforá (romanization)
αφορούσε (imperfect)
αφορά (present singular third-person)
αφορούν (plural present third-person)
αφορούνε (informal plural present third-person)
αφορούσε (imperfect singular third-person)
αφορούσαν (imperfect plural third-person)
αφορούσανε (imperfect informal plural third-person)

Third persons from Ancient Greek ἀφοράω, ἀφορῶ (aphoráō, aphorô, “look at carefully”). Morphologically, from αφ- (απο-) (prefix, here emphasizing) + the ancient ὁράω, ὁρῶ (horáō, horô, “look”). Semantic loan from French regarder (ça me regarde) or concerner (en ce qui concerne)

der

ἀφοράω, ἀφορῶ

Η διάσκεψη αφορά σε πολλά θέματα, κυρίως στην οικονομική κατάσταση.

The conference is about many issues, mainly about the economical situation.

I diáskepsi aforá se pollá thémata, kyríos stin oikonomikí katástasi.

(transitive, intransitive) to be concerning, to be about

to be concerning, to be about
[with σε (se)]


head movement

en-noun

head movement (countable and uncountable, plural head movements)

(syntax) Movement of a word from the head of one maximal projection to the head of another maximal projection above the first one (i.e., such that the destination head c-commands the original head).


satellite-framing

(linguistics, syntax) The use of a satellite to indicate a path of motion, a change of state, or grammatical aspect. For example, the use of "over" in "trip over".


satellite-framing

(linguistics, syntax) Making use of satellite-framing.


verb-framing

(linguistics, syntax) Encoding a path of motion, a change of state, or grammatical aspect in the main verb, as opposed to using a satellite to supply this information. For example "ascend" as opposed to "climb up" or "descend" as opposed to "climb down".


verb-framing

(linguistics, syntax) Making use of verb-framing.


cadrage verbal

fr-noun

cadrage verbal m (usually uncountable, plural cadrages verbaux)


cadrage satellitaire

cadrage satellitaire m (usually uncountable, plural cadrages satellitaires)


short passive

(syntax) A passive construction that does not have an agent.


long passive

(syntax) A passive construction that has an agent.


subcategorizand

(linguistics) The item which carries subcategorization information for the occurrence of other elements in the phrase or word.


Strukturbaum

de-noun

Strukturbaum m (strong, genitive Strukturbaumes or Strukturbaums, plural Strukturbäume)

Strukturbaumes (genitive)
Strukturbaums (genitive)
Strukturbäume (plural)
Strukturbaum (nominative singular)
Strukturbäume (definite nominative plural)
Strukturbaumes (genitive singular)
Strukturbaums (genitive singular)
Strukturbäume (definite genitive plural)
Strukturbaum (dative singular)
Strukturbaume (dative singular)
Strukturbäumen (dative definite plural)
Strukturbaum (accusative singular)
Strukturbäume (accusative definite plural)

/ʃtʁʊkˈtuːɐ̯ˌbaʊ̯m/


time-manner-place

Coordinate term: place-manner-time

(grammar, syntax, linguistics) A sentence structure that defines the order of adpositional phrases and adverbs in a sentence.


place-manner-time

Coordinate term: time-manner-place


contactive

Thus the proposed definition explains why the suffixes -aa and -vaa sometimes fail to signal the contrast between contactive and non-contactive causation.

1982, George Melville Bolling, Bernard Bloch, Language - Volume 58, page 827:

This causation may be principally of two kinds, "distant" and "contactive".

2002, Masayoshi Shibatani, The Grammar of Causation and Interpersonal Manipulation, page 11:

More generally, semantically absolutive normally marks an entity as participating as a whole in the situation identified by the verb, though not necessarily contactive, involving location.

2006, John M. Anderson, Modern Grammars of Case, page 131:

In series, re and direct object òè 'leg' join gbe to express contactive 'kick.'

2016, Ronald P. Schaefer, Francis O. Egbokhare, A Grammar of Emai, page 631:

(linguistics, syntax) Implying direct or physical contact.