easement

en-noun

easement (countable and uncountable, plural easements)

From Anglo-Norman aisement, easement, eisement, esament, esement, and Middle French aisement (“comfort, convenience, ease, facility, opportunity; a benefit, relief; a right to use land, a thing, etc.; a privy”), from aisier (“to put at ease; to facilitate”) + -ment (“-ment, suffix forming nouns, usually the action or state resulting from verbs”).

der

The power company has an easement to put their electricity poles along the edge of this land.

Eaſement is a privilege that one Neighbour hath of another, by Writing or Preſcription, without profit; as a Way or a Sink through his Land, or ſuch like.

[1708, anonymous [attributed to John Rastell or William Rastell], “Easement”, in Les Termes de la Ley: Or, Certain Difficult and Obscure Words and Terms of the Common Laws and Statutes of this Realm now in Use, Expounded and Explained. Now Corrected and Enlarged. With many Great and Useful Additions throughout the Whole Book, never Printed in any other Impression, corr. and enl. edition, London: Printed by Samuel Roycroft and James Rawlins, assigns of Richard and Edward Atkins, Esquires, →OCLC, page 278:

[page 1] That branch of these accessorial rights which confers merely a convenience to be exercised over the neighbouring land, without any participation in the profit of it, is called, by the law of England, Easements, as rights to the passage of light, air, and water. […] [page 2] The origin of some easements is as ancient as that of property—one tenement may be subjected to the convenience of another by the hand of nature itself—the inferior elevation of one in relation to the other, may subject it to the fall of water from the higher ground.

1839, C[harles] J[ames] Gale, T[homas] D[enman] Whatley, “Introduction”, in A Treatise on the Law of Easements, London: Printed for S. Sweet, 1, Chancery Lane, law bookseller and publisher; Dublin: Hodges and Smith, →OCLC, pages 1–2:

The 1955 Act gave powers for compulsory acquisition of "easements", or permission to tunnel beneath dwelling houses instead of, as had previously been necessary, following approximately the course of surface roads.

1962 October, “London gets its Victoria tube”, in Modern Railways, page 258:

The Lake Company actually had an easement – a right to flood some of this land – dating from 1845.

1991, Theodore Steinberg, “Maturation: The Struggle over Water”, in Nature Incorporated: Industrialization and the Waters of New England, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 133:

Pacific Telephone had an easement "for the stringing of telephone and electric light and power wires" over the property of Salvaty.

2002, William H. Pivar, Robert J[acques] Bruss, “Adjacent Property Rights”, in California Real Estate Law, 5th edition, Chicago, Ill.: Dearborn Real Estate Education, →ISBN, page 383:

The unrecorded document clearly granted an easement to the hallway and Watson had the document prior to closing.

2011, Marianne M. Jennings, “Nonpossessory Interests in Real Estate”, in Real Estate Law (South-Western Legal Studies in Business Academic Series; West Legal Studies in Business), 9th edition, Mason, Oh.: South-Western Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 75:

en:legal right to use another person's property

(law, property law) An interest in land which grants the legal right to use another person's real property (real estate), generally in order to cross a part of the property or to gain access to something on the property (right of way).


IND

(law) Initialism of Investigational New Drug application.


common law

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-common law.wav

Inherited from Middle English comun lawe, comune lawe (“general law, common law”), from comun (“shared, universal”) + lawe (“law”), referring to the law's uniform nature throughout a jurisdiction. Compare Medieval Latin lex commūne, iūs commūne and Anglo-Norman commune lei.

af

(law) Law developed by judges, courts, and agency adjudicatory tribunals, through their decisions and opinions (also called case law) (as opposed to statutes promulgated by legislatures, and regulations promulgated by the executive branch).

(law) Legal system mainly in England and its former colonies with a heavy emphasis on judge-made law, doctrines deduced by casuistry rather than from general principles, and law distributed among judicial decisions rather than codified statutes (as opposed to civil law).

普通法

legal system of England and its former colonies

(law, historical) Body of law and procedure administered in certain courts (known as law courts) in England and its former colonies characterized by a rigid system of writs, with a limited set of remedies (as opposed to equity or admiralty).

(law, Scots law, Roman-Dutch law) Law of general application throughout a country, province, or state as opposed to law having only a special or local application

Scots law; Roman-Dutch law; Scots law; Roman-Dutch law


common law

Unadapted borrowing from English common law.


sis

fr-adj

sis (feminine sise, masculine plural sis, feminine plural sises)

sise (feminine)
sis (masculine plural)
sises (feminine plural)

Par les larges hublots du lab, sis au sixième étage, la vue dominait une mer orangée de tuiles en terre cuite qui rappelaient que cette ville avait été, avant d'être « civinisée », une plutôt avenante cité provençale.

2019, Alain Damasio, chapter 4, in Les furtifs [The Stealthies], La Volte, →ISBN:

The view from the lab's big windows, located on the sixth floor, overlooked a sea of orange terracotta tiles, which were a reminder that before it was "civinized", this had been a rather charming Provençal town.


paternity

en-noun

paternity (countable and uncountable, plural paternities)

From Middle French paternité, from Old French, from Latin paternitās (“paternity”), from paternus (“of or pertaining to a father, paternal”) + -itās, from pater (“father”).

(law) Legal acknowledgement of a man's fatherhood of a child.


detention

detention (countable and uncountable, plural detentions)

Borrowed from Middle French détention, from Latin detentio, detentionem.

houderschap

holding in one's control with no intention to possess

(countable) A temporary state of custody or confinement.

(law) Confinement of a prisoner awaiting trial.


probation

probation (countable and uncountable, plural probations)

/ˌpɹoʊˈbeɪʃən/

From Middle French probation, from Old French probacion, from Latin probatio (“a trying, inspection, examination”), from probare, past participle probatus (“to test, examine”); see probate, probe, prove.

стаж

period of conditional employment or engagement

He got two years probation for robbery.

(law) A type of sentence where convicted criminals are permitted to continue living in a community but will automatically be sent to jail if they violate certain conditions.


coima

From Old Galician-Portuguese cooyma (“reparations”), from Latin calumnia (“fallacy”). Doublet of calumnia.


reschedule

en-verb

reschedule (third-person singular simple present reschedules, present participle rescheduling, simple past and past participle rescheduled)

reschedules (present singular third-person)
rescheduling (participle present)
rescheduled (participle past)
rescheduled (past)

/ɹiːˈʃɛd͡ʒuːl/

/ɹiˈʃɛd͡ʒuːl/

Judge Young had been considering a petition filed to have marijuana rescheduled under federal law.

1997, Mary Lynn Mathre, Cannabis in Medical Practice, page 25:

Moreover, marijuana could only be brought to market if it were rescheduled to acknowledge its “accepted medical use,” according to DEA standards.

2000, Marijuana As Medicine?: The Science Beyond the Controversy:

(transitive, US, law) To reclassify; to change the schedule (division into which something is classified) of.


complainant

complainants (plural)
complainaunt (alternative)

defendant

litigation; in civil or criminal proceedings

From Old French complaignant, present participle of complaindre.

(law) The party that brings a civil lawsuit against another; the plaintiff.

(law) An alleged victim in a criminal investigation or trial.


dower

From Middle English dower, dowere, from Old French doeire, from Medieval Latin dōtārium, from Latin dōs. Doublet of dowry.

(law) The part of or interest in a deceased husband's property provided to his widow, usually in the form of a life estate.

[…] how features are abroad, / I am skill-less of; but, by my modesty,— / The jewel in my dower,—I would not wish / Any companion in the world but you […]

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

In New Bedford, fathers, they say, give whales for dowers to their daughters, and portion off their nieces with a few porpoises a-piece.

1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 6:

(law) Property given by a groom directly to his bride at or before their wedding in order to legitimize the marriage; dowry.


jurist

/ˈd͡ʒʊəɹ.ɪst/

/ˈd͡ʒəɹ.ɪst/

(law) An expert of law or someone who researches jurisprudence.


emblement

1485, from Old French emblayement, emblaiment (“harvest, crop”), from emblaer, emblaier, emblader (French emblaver, “to sow with grain”), from Medieval Latin imblādāre (“to sow with grain”), from im- + blādum (French blé, “grain”), from Frankish *blād (“produce”), from Proto-Germanic *blēdaz, *blēdō (“flower, leaf”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhlēdh-, *bhlō(w)-, *bhol- (“to flower; leaf”). Cognate with Old High German blāt (“flower, blossom, prosperity”), Middle Dutch blaad (“leaf”), Old English blǣd (“shoot, flower, fruit, harvest, wealth”). More at bloom.

cog

(law) An annual crop produced by cultivation, treated as personal property.


booking

en-noun

booking (countable and uncountable, plural bookings)

(law) The process of photographing, fingerprinting and recording the identifying data of a suspect following arrest.


OST

The most important source of space law is the 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (OST).¹⁶ […] The OST is a product of the Cold War era when the United States and the Soviet Union—the only states with spacefaring capability—were bitter rivals, each fundamentally distrustful of the other.

2014, John G Sprankling, “Rights in Airspace and Outer Space”, in The International Law of Property, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 176:

(law, space science) Initialism of Outer Space Treaty: a treaty that represents the basic legal framework of international space law, signed in 1967.


reclaim

en-verb

reclaim (third-person singular simple present reclaims, present participle reclaiming, simple past and past participle reclaimed)

reclaims (present singular third-person)
reclaiming (participle present)
reclaimed (participle past)
reclaimed (past)

From Middle English reclaymen, recleymen, reclamen, from Anglo-Norman reclamer (noun reclaim and Middle French reclamer (noun reclaim), from Latin reclāmō, reclāmāre.

(intransitive, law, Scotland) To appeal from the Lord Ordinary to the inner house of the Court of Session.


Spruch

de-noun

Spruch m (strong, genitive Spruches or Spruchs, plural Sprüche, diminutive Sprüchlein n or Sprüchelchen n)

Spruches (genitive)
Spruchs (genitive)
Sprüche (plural)
Sprüchlein (diminutive neuter)
Sprüchelchen (diminutive neuter)
Spruch (nominative singular)
Sprüche (definite nominative plural)
Spruches (genitive singular)
Spruchs (genitive singular)
Sprüche (definite genitive plural)
Spruch (dative singular)
Spruche (dative singular)
Sprüchen (dative definite plural)
Spruch (accusative singular)
Sprüche (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German spruch, from Old High German *spruh, from Proto-West Germanic *spruki (“saying”), related to the verb *sprekan (“to speak”). Cognate with Dutch spreuk, German Low German Spröök.

Bibelspruch

Bible verse quoted or recited for inspiration


affaire

Saint Dominican Creole French: z'afair

→ Albanian: aferë

→ Breton: afer

→ Dutch: affaire

→ English: affair

→ Spanish: affair

→ German: Affäre

→ Italian: affaire

→ Macedonian: афера (afera)

→ Polish: afera

desc

Portuguese: → afazer (calque), → affaire

→ Russian: афера (afera)

→ Serbo-Croatian: афера

→ Spanish: affaire

→ Swedish: affär

→ Vietnamese: áp phe

L'affaire O.J. Simpson fut une des plus médiatisées.

The O. J. Simpson case was one of the most publicized.


לחי

he-noun

לְחִי or לֶחִי • (lekhí or lékhi) f (plural indefinite לְחָיַיִם, singular construct לְחִי־, plural construct לְחָיֵי־)

לְחִי (canonical)
לֶחִי (canonical)
lekhí (romanization)
lékhi (romanization)
לְחָיַיִם (indefinite plural)
לְחִי־ (construct singular)
לְחָיֵי־ (construct plural)

→ English: lechi

הֶכְשֵׁר מָבוֹי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, לֶחִי וְקוֹרָה, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֶחִי אוֹ קוֹרָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לְחָיַיִן.

a. 217 C.E., Mishnah. Eruvin, section 1.2:

Of the fitness of an entryway, the House of Shammai says, "A doorpost and a beam," and the house of Hillel says, "A doorpost or a beam." Rabbi Eliezer says, "Two doorposts."

Hekhshér mavóy, beit Shamái omrím, leḥi v-qorá, u-veit Hillél omrím, leḥi o qorá. Rábbi Eli'ézer omér, leḥayáyin.


liquid document

en-noun

liquid document (plural liquid documents)

NEDCOR BANK LTD v LISINFO 61 TRADING (PTY) LTD 2005 (2) SA 432 (C) is a trite principle of our law that the term 'liquid document' for purposes of summary judgment proceedings has the same meaning as a 'liquid document' for purposes of provisional sentence proceedings. In Rich and Others v Lagerwey 1974 (4) SA 748 (A) at 754H, the Court said that, if a document in question, upon a proper construction thereof, evidences by its terms and without resort to evidence extrinsic thereto, an unconditional acknowledgment of indebtedness in an ascertained amount of money, the payment of which is due to the creditor, it is one upon which provisional sentence may properly be granted.

(law) A document on which summary judgment or provisional sentence may be granted.


verja

head

verja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative varði, supine varið)

varði (indicative past singular third-person)
varið (supine)
varinn (masculine nominative singular)
varin (feminine nominative singular)
varið (neuter nominative singular)
varðir (masculine nominative plural)
varðar (feminine nominative plural)
varin (neuter nominative plural)
varinn (accusative masculine singular)
varða (accusative feminine singular)
varið (accusative neuter singular)
varða (accusative masculine plural)
varðar (accusative feminine plural)
varin (accusative neuter plural)
vörðum (dative masculine singular)
varinni (dative feminine singular)
vörðu (dative neuter singular)
vörðum (dative masculine plural)
vörðum (dative feminine plural)
vörðum (dative neuter plural)
varins (genitive masculine singular)
varinnar (feminine genitive singular)
varins (genitive neuter singular)
varinna (genitive masculine plural)
varinna (feminine genitive plural)
varinna (genitive neuter plural)
varði (masculine nominative singular)
varða (feminine nominative singular)
varða (neuter nominative singular)
vörðu (masculine nominative plural)
vörðu (feminine nominative plural)
vörðu (neuter nominative plural)
varða (accusative masculine singular)
vörðu (accusative feminine singular)
varða (accusative neuter singular)
vörðu (accusative masculine plural)
vörðu (accusative feminine plural)
vörðu (accusative neuter plural)
varða (dative masculine singular)
vörðu (dative feminine singular)
varða (dative neuter singular)
vörðu (dative masculine plural)
vörðu (dative feminine plural)
vörðu (dative neuter plural)
varða (genitive masculine singular)
vörðu (feminine genitive singular)
varða (genitive neuter singular)
vörðu (genitive masculine plural)
vörðu (feminine genitive plural)
vörðu (genitive neuter plural)

From Old Norse verja, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną.

(law) to defend (represent [a defendant] in a court of law) [with accusative]


verja

verja (singular present indicative verr, singular past indicative varði)

verr (indicative present singular)
varði (indicative past singular)
verja (infinitive)
verjandi (participle present)
varðr (participle past)
variðr (participle past)
ver (first-person indicative present singular)
varða (first-person indicative past singular)
verja (first-person present singular subjunctive)
verða (first-person past singular subjunctive)
verr (indicative present second-person singular)
varðir (indicative past second-person singular)
verir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
verðir (past second-person singular subjunctive)
verr (indicative present singular third-person)
varði (indicative past singular third-person)
veri (present singular subjunctive third-person)
verði (past singular subjunctive third-person)
verjum (first-person indicative plural present)
vǫrðum (first-person indicative past plural)
verim (first-person plural present subjunctive)
verðim (first-person past plural subjunctive)
verið (indicative plural present second-person)
vǫrðuð (indicative past plural second-person)
verið (plural present second-person subjunctive)
verðið (past plural second-person subjunctive)
verja (indicative plural present third-person)
vǫrðu (indicative past plural third-person)
veri (plural present subjunctive third-person)
verði (past plural subjunctive third-person)
ver (present second-person singular)
verjum (first-person plural present)
verið (plural present second-person)
verjask (infinitive)
verjandisk (participle present)
verzk (participle past)
varizk (participle past)
verjumk (first-person indicative present singular)
vǫrðumk (first-person indicative past singular)
verjumk (first-person present singular subjunctive)
verðumk (first-person past singular subjunctive)
versk (indicative present second-person singular)
varðisk (indicative past second-person singular)
verisk (present second-person singular subjunctive)
verðisk (past second-person singular subjunctive)
versk (indicative present singular third-person)
varðisk (indicative past singular third-person)
verisk (present singular subjunctive third-person)
verðisk (past singular subjunctive third-person)
verjumsk (first-person indicative plural present)
vǫrðumsk (first-person indicative past plural)
verimsk (first-person plural present subjunctive)
verðimsk (first-person past plural subjunctive)
verizk (indicative plural present second-person)
vǫrðuzk (indicative past plural second-person)
verizk (plural present second-person subjunctive)
verðizk (past plural second-person subjunctive)
verjask (indicative plural present third-person)
vǫrðusk (indicative past plural third-person)
verisk (plural present subjunctive third-person)
verðisk (past plural subjunctive third-person)
versk (present second-person singular)
verjumsk (first-person plural present)
verizk (plural present second-person)

non-conj-blank-full

Conjugation of verja — active (weak class 1)

Conjugation of verja — mediopassive (weak class 1)

non-conj-table

Icelandic: verja

Faroese: verja

Norwegian Nynorsk: verja

Old Swedish: væria

Swedish: värja

Old Danish: wæriæ

Danish: værge

Norwegian Bokmål: verge


foreclose

en-verb

foreclose (third-person singular simple present forecloses, present participle foreclosing, simple past and past participle foreclosed)

forecloses (present singular third-person)
foreclosing (participle present)
foreclosed (participle past)
foreclosed (past)

Partially from Middle English foreclosen, forclosen, from Old French forclos, past participle of forclore (“to exclude”), from for- (“(prefix used to express error, exclusion, or inadequacy)”) + clore (“to shut”), and partially from Middle English forclusen (“to close up”), from Old English forclȳsan (“to close up”), equivalent to fore- + close.

inh

They have to move out of their house because the bank foreclosed on their mortgage.

(transitive, law) To repossess a mortgaged property whose owner has failed to make the necessary payments; used with on.

(transitive, law) To cut off (a mortgager) by a judgment of court from the power of redeeming the mortgaged premises.


qualified fee

(law) An estate which has an annexed qualification; a base fee.


qualified property

(law) The right that a bailee has in the chattel transferred to him by the bailment.


quantum meruit

(law) An inference that the defendant has promised to pay the plaintiff for the plaintiff's work or labor as much as he should deserve.


quare clausum fregit

Latin, meaning "wherefore he broke the close".


peculation

en-noun

peculation (countable and uncountable, plural peculations)

From Latin pecūlātiō (“embezzlement”) from pecūlor (“to defraud the public”), related to pecūlium (“property in cattle, private property”), from pecū (“cattle, money”).

[The Chief Magistrate] might pervert his administration into a scheme of peculation or oppression.

1787, “Impeachment of the Executive, [20 July] 1787,” Founders Online, National Archives; Original source: The Papers of James Madison, vol. 10, 27 May 1787–3 March 1788, ed. Robert A. Rutland, Charles F. Hobson, William M. E. Rachal, and Frederika J. Teute. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977, p. 108

Sir Pitt Crawley (named after the great Commoner) was the son of Walpole Crawley, first Baronet, of the Tape and Sealing-Wax Office in the reign of George II., when he was impeached for peculation, as were a great number of other honest gentlemen of those days ...

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 7, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

Bulfinch, a solicitor at Redcastle, came to him with irrefragable proofs of gross peculation on the part of the bailiff.

1885, Charlotte M. Yonge, chapter 20, in Nuttie's Father:

She considered herself engaged to be married to a Scotch propaganda officer who had been dismissed for peculation and gone home to sell cars.

It was a feature of Athens’ democratic constitution that at the end of their year in office Athenian officials had to submit an account of their service, financial and otherwise, to public scrutiny. Ephialtes took the opportunity to bring charges of peculation against the outgoing archons who were about to enter the Areopagus and succeeded in having them removed from that council.

1990, Donald Kagan, Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy, chapter 2: “Politician”, page 42 (Guild Publishing; CN 2239)

(law, chiefly historical) The wrongful appropriation or embezzlement of shared or public property, usually by a person entrusted with the guardianship of that property.


habla

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish hablar. Attested in Fr. San Buenaventura's Vocabulario de lengua tagala (1613). Doublet of abla and pabula, later borrowings.


scandalous

en-adj

scandalous (comparative more scandalous, superlative most scandalous)

more scandalous (comparative)
most scandalous (superlative)

From Late Middle English scandalouse (“disgraceful, shameful”), borrowed from Old French scandaleux (“scandalous”) (modern French scandaleux), from Medieval Latin scandalōsus, from Ecclesiastical Latin scandalum (“scandal”) + Latin -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of; prone to’ forming adjectives). Scandalum is derived from Ancient Greek σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (skắndălon, “offence, scandal; snare, trap”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Pre-Greek or Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump”) (referring to a device for climbing or jumping on, such as might be used by someone setting a trap). By surface analysis, scandal + -ous (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, denoting presence of a quality in any degree (typically an abundance), or a relation to the nouns).

surf

Scandal may be taken advantage of at any time, impertinence not; if reported ſcandalous, it muſt be impertinent of courſe; but it may be impertinent vvithout being ſcandalous. […] [N]othing pertinent to the cauſe can be ſaid to be ſcandalous.

1750 October 17 (date delivered), Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor, “Fenhoulet versus Passavant”, in Francis Vezey, editor, Cases Argued and Determined, in the High Court of Chancery, in the Time of Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, from the Year 1746–7, to 1755. […], volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan and M. Woodfall, law-printers to his Majesty; for T[homas] Cadell, […], published 1771, →OCLC, case 9, page 24:

A party who makes an affidavit to oppose a motion is only authorized to state the facts; and it is scandalous and impertinent to draw inferences or state arguments in the affidavit, reflecting on the character or impeaching the motives of the adverse party or his solicitor. Ibid. [Powell v. Kane, 5 Paige, 265.]

1837, O[liver] L[orenzo] Barbour, E[benezer] B[urke] Harrington, “Practice. XXIII. Evidence.”, in An Analytical Digest of the Equity Cases Decided in the Courts of the Several States, and of the United States, from the Earliest Period; and of the Decisions in Equity, in the Courts of Chancery and Exchequer in England and Ireland, and the Privy Council and House of Lords, from Hilary Term, 1822: […], volume III, Springfield, Mass.: G[eorge] and C[harles] Merriam, →OCLC, paragraph 10, page 382:

(law) Of information, a statement, etc.: not pertinent to a matter; irrelevant.


administrador

ca-noun

administrador m (plural administradors, feminine administradora)

administradors (plural)
administradora (feminine)

(law) (a person who has been made responsible for overseeing the affairs of another person)


dol

Borrowed from Latin dolus (“deception; trickery; ruse”), from Ancient Greek δόλος (dólos).


replevy

en-verb

replevy (third-person singular simple present replevies, present participle replevying, simple past and past participle replevied)

replevies (present singular third-person)
replevying (participle present)
replevied (participle past)
replevied (past)

Old French replevir (“recover”), from re- + plevir (probably from a Germanic source which also gave pledge).

I humbly crave your Majestie / It to replevie , and my Sonne reprive

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


springing

(law, US, characterizing the power of attorney) That takes effect only after the incapacity of the grantor or some other definite future act or circumstance.


ذنب

ar-noun

ذَنْب • (ḏanb) m (plural ذُنُوب (ḏunūb))

ذَنْب (canonical)
ḏanb (romanization)
ذُنُوب (plural)
ذَنْب (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الذَّنْب (definite informal singular triptote)
ذَنْب (construct informal singular triptote)
ذَنْبٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الذَّنْبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
ذَنْبُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
ذَنْبًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الذَّنْبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
ذَنْبَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
ذَنْبٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الذَّنْبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
ذَنْبِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
ذَنْبَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الذَّنْبَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
ذَنْبَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
ذَنْبَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الذَّنْبَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
ذَنْبَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
ذَنْبَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الذَّنْبَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
ذَنْبَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
ذَنْبَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الذَّنْبَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
ذَنْبَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
ذُنُوب (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الذُّنُوب (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
ذُنُوب (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
ذُنُوبٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الذُّنُوبُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
ذُنُوبُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
ذُنُوبًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الذُّنُوبَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
ذُنُوبَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
ذُنُوبٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الذُّنُوبِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
ذُنُوبِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

→ Hausa: zàmba

→ Persian: ذنب

→ Ottoman Turkish: ذنب (zenb)

Turkish: zenb

→ Swahili: dhambi

Maltese: dnub

→ Fula: junuubu

→ Hausa: zùnubī̀

رَبَّنَا فَٱغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَكَفِّرْ عَنَّا سَيِّئَاتِنَا وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ الْأَبْرَارِ

Our Lord! Lo! we have heard a crier calling unto Faith: "Believe ye in your Lord!" So we believed. Our Lord! Therefor forgive us our sins, and remit from us our evil deeds, and make us die the death of the righteous.

rabbanā faḡfir lanā ḏunūbanā wakaffir ʕannā sayyiʔātinā watawaffanā maʕa l-ʔabrāri

وَإِذَا ٱلۡمَوۡءُودَةُ سُئِلَتۡ ۝ بِأَيِّ ذَنۢبࣲ قُتِلَتۡ ۝

And when the girl-child that was buried alive is asked. 9. For what sin she was slain


modus

Learned borrowing from Latin modus (“measure, manner, mood”). Doublet of mode.

lbor

(law, obsolete) The arrangement of, or mode of expressing, the terms of a contract or conveyance.

(law) A qualification involving the idea of variation or departure from some general rule or form, in the way of either restriction or enlargement, according to the circumstances of the case, as in the will of a donor, an agreement between parties, etc.

To make a good and sufficient modus, the following rules must be observed

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

When, instead either of a certain portion of the produce of land, or of the price of a certain portion, a certain sum of money is to be paid in full compensation for all tax or tythe; the tax becomes, in this case, exactly of the same nature with the land tax of England. It neither rises nor falls with the rent of the land. It neither encourages nor discourages improvement. The tythe in the greater part of those parishes which pay what is called a modus, in lieu of all other tythe is a tax of this kind. During the Mahometan government of Bengal, instead of the payment in kind of the fifth part of the produce, a modus, and, it is said, a very moderate one, was established in the greater part of the districts or zemindaries of the country. Some of the servants of the East India company, under pretence of restoring the public revenue to its proper value, have, in some provinces, exchanged this modus for a payment in kind. Under their management, this change is likely both to discourage cultivation, and to give new opportunities for abuse in the collection of the public revenue, which has fallen very much below what it was said to have been when it first fell under the management of the company. The servants of the company may, perhaps, have profited by the change, but at the expense, it is probable, both of their masters and of the country.

1776, Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations:

They, from time immemorial, had paid a modus, or composition.

1829, Walter Savage Landor, “Duke de Richelieu, Sir Firebrace Cotes, Lady Glengrin. and Mr. Normanby”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume V (second series, volume II), London: James Duncan, […], →OCLC:

That there is and from time immemorial has been within that part of the parish called Mablethorpe St. Mary's a laudable custom that, if any outdweller take ancient pasture ground, he shall pay a modus of 4d. an acre, and so in proportion, on the 1st of August, in lieu of all manner of tithe; and that if any of the ancient pasture be once ploughed up or meadowed, it shall, when restored to pasture again, pay 4d. the acre in the hands of such outdweller.

1917, The English Reports: Exchequer, page 789:

(law) A fixed compensation or equivalent given instead of payment of tithes in kind, expressed in full by the phrase modus decimandi.


stateless

無狀態 /无状态

(computer science) without remembering state

UN Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons

The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them[…]is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies.[…]current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate[…]“stateless income”: profit subject to tax in a jurisdiction that is neither the location of the factors of production that generate the income nor where the parent firm is domiciled.

2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:

(law) Without a state or nationality; not subject to any state.


re-entry

en-noun

re-entry (countable and uncountable, plural re-entries)

re-entries (plural)
reentry (alternative)
reëntry (alternative)

(law) The reestablishment of possession under a right or rights reserved in a previous conveyance.

(law) The act of retaking possession of land, etc.; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the lease.


plaint

From Middle English plainte, borrowed from Anglo-Norman plainte (“lamentation”), plaint (“lament”), and Old French pleinte (“lamentation”), pleint (“lament”) (modern French plainte), from Medieval Latin plancta (“plaint”), from Latin planctus (“a beating of the breast in lamentation, beating, lamentation”), from Latin plango (“I beat the breast, I lament”); see plain.

uder

Once the plaint had been made there was nothing that could be done to revoke it.


מלאכה

he-noun

מְלָאכָה • (m'lakhá, məlāḵā́) f (plural indefinite מְלָאכוֹת, singular construct מְלֶאכֶת־, plural construct מְלָאכוֹת־)

מְלָאכָה (canonical)
m'lakhá (romanization)
məlāḵā́ (romanization)
מְלָאכוֹת (indefinite plural)
מְלֶאכֶת־ (construct singular)
מְלָאכוֹת־ (construct plural)
מְלָאכָה (indefinite singular)
מְלַאכְתִּי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְלַאכְתֵּנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמְּלָאכָה (definite singular)
מְלַאכְתְּךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְלַאכְתֵּךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְלַאכְתְּכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְלַאכְתְּכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְלֶאכֶת־ (construct singular)
מְלַאכְתּוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְלַאכְתָּהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְלַאכְתָּם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְלַאכְתָּן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְלָאכוֹת (indefinite plural)
מלאכותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְלָאכוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מְלָאכוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמְּלָאכוֹת (definite plural)
מְלָאכוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מלאכותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְלָאכוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מְלָאכוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְלָאכוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מְלָאכוֹת־ (construct plural)
מְלָאכוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְלָאכוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מְלָאכוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מְלָאכוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

Contracted from *מְלְאָכָה (*məlʾāḵā́), related to מַלְאָךְ (mal'ákh, “messenger”).

מְלָאכוּתִי

resultant of reformative work rather than natural process

(Jewish law) Any activity forbidden on Shabbat and other holy days


תולדה

תּוֹלָדָה • (toladá) f (plural indefinite תּוֹלָדוֹת, singular construct תּוֹלְדַת־, plural construct תּוֹלְדוֹת־)

תּוֹלָדָה (canonical)
toladá (romanization)
תּוֹלָדוֹת (indefinite plural)
תּוֹלְדַת־ (construct singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹת־ (construct plural)
תּוֹלָדָה (indefinite singular)
תּוֹלְדָתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
תּוֹלְדָתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַתּוֹלָדָה (definite singular)
תּוֹלְדָתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
תּוֹלְדָתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
תּוֹלְדַתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
תּוֹלְדַתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
תּוֹלְדַת־ (construct singular)
תּוֹלְדָתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
תּוֹלְדָתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
תּוֹלְדָתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
תּוֹלְדָתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
תּוֹלָדוֹת (indefinite plural)
תולדותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַתּוֹלָדוֹת (definite plural)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
תולדותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹת־ (construct plural)
תּוֹלְדוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
תּוֹלְדוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)


concussion

en-noun

concussion (countable and uncountable, plural concussions)

Then Concussion, Rapine, Pillories, / Their Catalogue of Accusations fill.

1595, Samuel Daniel, “(please specify the folio number)”, in The First Fowre Bookes of the Ciuile Wars between the Two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke, London: […] P[eter] Short for Simon Waterson, →OCLC:

(obsolete, law) The unlawful forcing of another by threats of violence to yield up something of value.


Halacha

Halacha (nominative singular)
Halachy (genitive singular)
Halasze (dative singular)
Halachę (accusative singular)
Halachą (instrumental singular)
Halasze (locative singular)
Halacho (singular vocative)
halacha (alternative)

(Jewish law) Halacha (Jewish law, taken as a whole)


شهادة

ar-noun

شَهَادَة • (šahāda) f (plural شَهَادَات (šahādāt))

شَهَادَة (canonical)
šahāda (romanization)
شَهَادَات (plural)
شَهَادَة (ar-infl-a indefinite informal singular triptote)
الشَّهَادَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
شَهَادَة (ar-infl-a construct informal singular triptote)
شَهَادَةٌ (ar-infl-a indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الشَّهَادَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
شَهَادَةُ (ar-infl-a construct nominative singular triptote)
شَهَادَةً (accusative ar-infl-a indefinite singular triptote)
الشَّهَادَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
شَهَادَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct singular triptote)
شَهَادَةٍ (ar-infl-a genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الشَّهَادَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
شَهَادَةِ (ar-infl-a construct genitive singular triptote)
شَهَادَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الشَّهَادَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual informal singular triptote)
شَهَادَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual informal singular triptote)
شَهَادَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الشَّهَادَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual nominative singular triptote)
شَهَادَتَا (ar-infl-a construct dual nominative singular triptote)
شَهَادَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual indefinite singular triptote)
الشَّهَادَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual singular triptote)
شَهَادَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a construct dual singular triptote)
شَهَادَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الشَّهَادَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual genitive singular triptote)
شَهَادَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual genitive singular triptote)
شَهَادَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الشَّهَادَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
شَهَادَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
شَهَادَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الشَّهَادَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
شَهَادَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
شَهَادَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الشَّهَادَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
شَهَادَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
شَهَادَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الشَّهَادَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
شَهَادَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

Maltese: xhieda

→ Bengali: শাহাদাত (śahadat)

→ English: shahada

→ Hausa: shàhādā̀

desc

ਸ਼ਹਾਦਤ//شہادت

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਹਾਦਤ /شہادت (śahādat)

→ Swahili: shahada

lā ʔilāha ʔillā llāhu muḥammadun rasūlu llāhi

لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ

وَٱلَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ ٱلْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَٱجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْفَاسِقُونَ

As for those who accuse chaste women and do not bring four witnesses, strike them eighty lashes, and never accept any testimony from them after that, and they are transgressors.

wallaḏīna yarmūna l-muḥṣanāti ṯumma lam yaʔtū biʔarbaʕati šuhadāʔa fajlidūhum ṯamānīna jaldatan walā taqbalū lahum šahādatan ʔabadan waʔūlāʔika humu l-fāsiqūna


fixture

Alteration of older fixure, on the model of mixture.

The residence was sold with fixtures and fittings.

(law) Something that is fixed in place, especially a permanent appliance or other item of personal property that is considered part of a house and is sold with it; compare fitting, furnishing.


hypothec

en-noun

hypothec (usually uncountable, plural hypothecs)

From Latin hypothēca (“pledge, mortgage”), from Ancient Greek ὑποθήκη (hupothḗkē, “warning, pledge”).

der

(law) In Scotland, a landlord's right over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.

(law) In Québec, a legal right over property used as security for an obligation, such as a mortgage.


lineal

From Old French lineal, from Latin līneālis, from līnea (“a line”) + -ālis (adjective-forming suffix). By surface analysis, line + -al. Doublet of linear.

compound

Oh that your Brows my Laurel had ſuſtain'd, / Well had I been depos'd, if You had Reign'd! / The Father had deſcended for the Son; / For only you are lineal to the Throne.

1693 (first performance), John Dryden, “To My Dear Friend Mr. Congreve, on His Comedy, Call’d, The Double-Dealer”, in The Double-Dealer. A Comedy, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], published 1735, →OCLC, Act I,:

(anthropological, sociological, legal): Inheriting by direct descent; having the right by direct descent to succeed (to).

anthropological; sociological; anthropological; sociological


affidavit

From Medieval Latin affidavit (“he has sworn”), the third person singular perfect tense of affido (“swear”), from fīdō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to command, to persuade, to trust”). Cognate to fidelity and faith (same Latin root), but not to affirm (shared Latin ad- prefix, but different Latin and Proto-Indo-European roots).

der

He submitted his affidavit rather than appearing to testify in court.

Lee's case is urgent. He has to file an immediate affidavit that he is suffering from bubonic plague to avoid eviction from the house he has occupied ten years without paying the rent.

1962 [1959], William S. Burroughs, Naked Lunch, New York: Grove Press, page 170:

All lifters were certified by affidavit and polygraph to be steroid free.

1984 December 8, “Pressing Records”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 21, page 2:

(law) A signed document wherein an affiant makes a sworn statement.

afidàvit

legal, signed document wherein an affiant makes a sworn statement

宣誓供述書

せんせいきょうじゅつしょ


affidavit

en-verb

affidavit (third-person singular simple present affidavits, present participle affidaviting, simple past and past participle affidavited)

affidavits (present singular third-person)
affidaviting (participle present)
affidavited (participle past)
affidavited (past)


affidavit

(law) affidavit (legal, signed document wherein an affiant makes a sworn statement)


probate

en-noun

probate (countable and uncountable, plural probates)

From Middle English probate, from Latin probatus, past participle of probare (“to test, examine, judge of”); see probe, prove.

The probate file reveals that Stephen Tetuan, attorney for the estate and author of McBride's will, wrote to Lemieux on Auust 29, 1984, encouraging him "to serve as trustee and to retain local counsel to represent your interests as trustee."

1981 December 1, Micheline Justman, “Man Defends Erie Gay Will”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 20, page 15:

(law) The legal process of verifying the legality of a will.

легализиране

(law) A copy of a legally recognised and qualified will.


assets

assets pl (normally plural, singular asset)

From Anglo-Norman asetz, from Old French assez (“enough”). Originally singular, with the meaning "enough to meet liabilities"; later reanalyzed as a plural form.

(law) Sufficient estate; property sufficient in the hands of an executor or heir to pay the debts or legacies of the testator or ancestor to satisfy claims against it.


fixer

A professional bank robber commented on this [a point in the thief's memoir]: 'Perhaps the author means by this that the fixer with whom he is acquainted works only on crimes not involving violence. It is true that there are specialists even in the fix line, and a man who has an in [in = advantageous position] to fix con cases might not be able to fix robbery cases. But if the author means that the fix does not exist in armed robbery, he is badly mistaken. It is merely a matter of knowing the right party to go to.'

1937, Edwin H. (ed) Sutherland with Conwell, Chic (pseudonym), The Professional Thief: by a Professional Thief. Annotated and Interpreted by Edwin H. Sutherland, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, LCCN 37036112:

(criminal justice, law) A person who arranges immunity for defendants by tampering with the justice system via bribery or extortion, especially as a business endeavor for profit.


paralegal

(law) One who assists a lawyer in routine legal work, but who is without qualified status as a solicitor or barrister (England and Wales), attorney (U.S.), or advocate; known more commonly in the U.S. as a legal assistant.


criminal negligence

criminal negligence (usually uncountable, plural criminal negligences)

(law) Failure to use reasonable care, and thus put someone at risk of injury or death.


coucher

From Middle English coucher, from Anglo-Norman; equivalent to couch + -er.

She [the Herring-Buss] imployeth[…]at Land Viewers, Packers,[…]Couchers to make the Herrings lawful Merchandizes.

1601, John Keymor, “Observation made upon the Dutch fishing”, in The Phenix:

(UK, law, obsolete) A factor or agent resident in a country for traffic.


responder

pt-verb

responder (first-person singular present respondo, first-person singular preterite respondi, past participle respondido)

respondo (first-person present singular)
respondi (first-person preterite singular)
respondido (participle past)
responder (impersonal infinitive)
responder (first-person infinitive singular)
responderes (infinitive second-person singular)
responder (infinitive singular third-person)
respondermos (first-person infinitive plural)
responderdes (infinitive plural second-person)
responderem (infinitive plural third-person)
respondendo (gerund)
respondido (masculine participle past singular)
respondidos (masculine participle past plural)
respondida (feminine participle past singular)
respondidas (feminine participle past plural)
respondo (first-person indicative present singular)
respondes (indicative present second-person singular)
responde (indicative present singular third-person)
respondemos (first-person indicative plural present)
respondeis (indicative plural present second-person)
respondem (indicative plural present third-person)
respondia (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
respondias (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
respondia (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
respondíamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
respondíeis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
respondiam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
respondi (first-person indicative preterite singular)
respondeste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
respondeu (indicative preterite singular third-person)
respondemos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
respondestes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
responderam (indicative plural preterite third-person)
respondera (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
responderas (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
respondera (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
respondêramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
respondêreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
responderam (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
responderei (first-person future indicative singular)
responderás (future indicative second-person singular)
responderá (future indicative singular third-person)
responderemos (first-person future indicative plural)
respondereis (future indicative plural second-person)
responderão (future indicative plural third-person)
responderia (conditional first-person singular)
responderias (conditional second-person singular)
responderia (conditional singular third-person)
responderíamos (conditional first-person plural)
responderíeis (conditional plural second-person)
responderiam (conditional plural third-person)
responda (first-person present singular subjunctive)
respondas (present second-person singular subjunctive)
responda (present singular subjunctive third-person)
respondamos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
respondais (plural present second-person subjunctive)
respondam (plural present subjunctive third-person)
respondesse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
respondesses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
respondesse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
respondêssemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
respondêsseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
respondessem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
responder (first-person future singular subjunctive)
responderes (future second-person singular subjunctive)
responder (future singular subjunctive third-person)
respondermos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
responderdes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
responderem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
responde (imperative second-person singular)
responda (imperative singular third-person)
respondamos (first-person imperative plural)
respondei (imperative plural second-person)
respondam (imperative plural third-person)
não respondas (imperative negative second-person singular)
não responda (imperative negative singular third-person)
não respondamos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não respondais (imperative negative plural second-person)
não respondam (imperative negative plural third-person)

/ʁɨʃ.põˈdeɾ/

/ʁɨʃ.põˈdeɾ/

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese responder, from Latin respondēre (“answer”) (likely via Late Latin respondere), from re- & spondeō (“promise”).


peregrinus

la-noun

peregrīnus m (genitive peregrīnī); second declension

peregrīnus (canonical masculine)
peregrīnī (genitive)
peregrīnus (nominative singular)
peregrīnī (nominative plural)
peregrīnī (genitive singular)
peregrīnōrum (genitive plural)
peregrīnō (dative singular)
peregrīnīs (dative plural)
peregrīnum (accusative singular)
peregrīnōs (accusative plural)
peregrīnō (ablative singular)
peregrīnīs (ablative plural)
peregrīne (singular vocative)
peregrīnī (plural vocative)
pelegrinus (alternative Medieval-Latin)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: pellegrino

desc

פֵילֵיגְרִינוֹ

Judeo-Italian: פֵילֵיגְרִינוֹ (pelegərino /pel(l)egrino/)

Sicilian: piḍḍigrinu

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: pelegrìn

Lombard: pelegrìn

Piedmontese: pelerin, pelegrin

Romansch: pelegrin

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: pelerin, peligrin, pellegrin, peregrin
Middle French: pelerin
French: pèlerin
→ Romanian: pelerin m
Norman: pèlerîn
→ Middle English: pilegrim, pilgrim, pilgram, pilgrem, pilgrum, pilgerim, pilegrin, pillegrim (via peligrin, pellegrin)
English: pilgrim
Scots: pilgrim, pelegrin, pilgrin, pilgren, pylgryne
→ Middle English: pelerin, pelrin (via pelerin)
English: pelerin
Scots: pelerin, pellerin, pilleryn

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: pelegrí

Occitan: pelegrin

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: pelegrín

Galician: pelegrín → pelegrino

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: pirc'hirin

Welsh: pererin

→ Old French: peregrin
French: pérégrin
→ Middle English: peregrin, peregrine
English: peregrine
Scots: peregrine, peregryne

→ Galician: peregrino

→ Proto-West Germanic: *pelegrīm (see there for further descendants)

→ Manx: pirgrin

→ Old Norse: pílagrímr

Danish: pilgrim

Icelandic: pílagrímur

Norwegian: pilegrim

Swedish: pilgrim

→ Portuguese: peregrino

→ Romanian: peregrin

→ Spanish: peregrino

(law) a foreigner who is neither resident nor domiciled in the jurisdiction of the court


negligent

en-adj

negligent (comparative more negligent, superlative most negligent)

more negligent (comparative)
most negligent (superlative)

From Middle English necligent, negligent, from Old French negligent, from Latin negligēns.


endo

Borrowed from English endo, short for end of contract, as used on the contracts given to workers under the system.


суд

be-noun

суд • (sud) m inan (genitive суда́, nominative plural суды́, genitive plural судо́ў)

sud (romanization)
суда́ (genitive)
суды́ (nominative plural)
судо́ў (genitive plural)
суд (nominative singular)
суды́ (nominative plural)
суда́ (genitive singular)
судо́ў (genitive plural)
суду́ (dative singular)
суда́м (dative plural)
суд (accusative singular)
суды́ (accusative plural)
судо́м (instrumental singular)
суда́мі (instrumental plural)
судзе́ (locative singular)
суда́х (locative plural)
суды́ (count-form plural)
sud (alternative)


суд

mk-noun

суд • (sud) m (plural судови, relational adjective судски or суден)

sud (romanization)
судови (plural)
судски (adjective relational)
суден (adjective relational)
суд (indefinite singular)
судови (indefinite plural)
судот (definite singular unspecified)
судовите (definite plural unspecified)
судов (definite proximal singular)
судовиве (definite plural proximal)
судон (definite distal singular)
судовине (definite distal plural)
суду (singular vocative)
судови (plural vocative)
суда (count-form plural)


суд

ru-noun+

суд • (sud) m inan (genitive суда́, nominative plural суды́, genitive plural судо́в, relational adjective суде́бный or су́дный)

sud (romanization)
суда́ (genitive)
суды́ (nominative plural)
судо́в (genitive plural)
суде́бный (adjective relational)
су́дный (adjective relational)
су́д (nominative singular)
суды́ (nominative plural)
суда́ (genitive singular)
судо́в (genitive plural)
суду́ (dative singular)
суда́м (dative plural)
су́д (accusative singular)
суды́ (accusative plural)
судо́м (instrumental singular)
суда́ми (instrumental plural)
суде́ (prepositional singular)
суда́х (plural prepositional)
судъ (alternative)

→ Buryat: сүүд (süüd)

→ Chechen: суд (sud)

→ Ingrian: suuto

→ Kazakh:

Arabic script: سوت (sot)

Cyrillic script: сот (sot), суд (sud)

→ Kildin Sami: сӯдт (sūdt)

→ Kyrgyz:

Cyrillic script: сот (sot), суд (sud)

→ Tajik: суд (sud)

→ Turkmen: sud

→ Uyghur:

Arabic script: سوت (sot)

→ Uzbek:

Latin script: sud

→ Yakut: суут (suut)

Inherited from Old East Slavic сѫдъ (sǫdŭ), from Proto-Slavic *sǫdъ.


суд

uk-noun

суд • (sud) m inan (genitive су́ду, nominative plural суди́, genitive plural суді́в)

sud (romanization)
су́ду (genitive)
суди́ (nominative plural)
суді́в (genitive plural)
суд (nominative singular)
суди́ (nominative plural)
су́ду (genitive singular)
суді́в (genitive plural)
судо́ві (dative singular)
суду́ (dative singular)
суда́м (dative plural)
суд (accusative singular)
суди́ (accusative plural)
судо́м (instrumental singular)
суда́ми (instrumental plural)
суді́ (locative singular)
суда́х (locative plural)
су́де (singular vocative)
суди́ (plural vocative)


disposto

From disporre. Cognate with Piedmontese dispòst.


väcka

head

väcka (present väcker, preterite väckte, supine väckt, imperative väck)

väcker (present)
väckte (preterite)
väckt (supine)
väck (imperative)
väcka (active infinitive)
väckas (infinitive passive)
väckt (active supine)
väckts (passive supine)
väck (active imperative)
väcken (active archaic)
väcker (active indicative present)
väckte (active indicative past)
väcks (indicative passive present)
väckes (indicative passive present)
väcktes (indicative passive past)
väcka (active archaic present)
väckte (active archaic past)
väckas (archaic passive present)
väcktes (archaic passive past)
väcke (active dated present subjunctive)
väckte (active dated past subjunctive)
väckes (dated passive present subjunctive)
väcktes (dated passive past subjunctive)
väckande (active participle past present)
väckt (active participle past)

From Old Swedish vækia, vækkia, from Old Norse vekja, from Proto-Germanic *wakjaną.

väcka åtal mot

(law) to bring (indictment), press (charges)

väcka ett ärende


defeasance

en-noun

defeasance (countable and uncountable, plural defeasances)

defeasances (plural)
defeasaunce (alternative)

(US, law) The rendering void of a contract or deed; an annulment or abrogation.


defeasance

en-verb

defeasance (third-person singular simple present defeasances, present participle defeasancing, simple past and past participle defeasanced)

defeasances (present singular third-person)
defeasancing (participle present)
defeasanced (participle past)
defeasanced (past)
defeasaunce (alternative)

(US, law, transitive) To void; to annul.


liquidate

liquidate (third-person singular simple present liquidates, present participle liquidating, simple past and past participle liquidated)

liquidates (present singular third-person)
liquidating (participle present)
liquidated (participle past)
liquidated (past)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin liquidātus (“liquid; clear”, adjective) + English -ate (suffix forming verbs, and forming adjectives with the sense ‘characterized by [the specified things]’). Liquidātus is the perfect passive participle of liquidō (“to turn into a liquid, melt; to make clear”), from Latin liquidus (“fluid, liquid; clear, transparent”) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs); while liquidus is from liqueō (“to be fluid or liquid; to be clear or transparent”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wleykʷ- (“to make wet; moist”)) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’ forming adjectives). By surface analysis, liquid (adjective) + -ate.
Sense 1.2.3 (“to kill; to abolish or eliminate”) is a semantic loan from Russian ликвиди́ровать (likvidírovatʹ); while sense 1.2.4 and sense 2 (business-related senses) were influenced by French liquider and Italian liquidare, all ultimately from Latin liquidus (see above).

affix

suffix forming verbs, and forming adjectives with the sense ‘characterized by 􂀿the specified things􂁀’

semantic loan

ликвиди́ровать

How far progress has been made in liquidating the locomotive stock of the old companies may be judged from the shrinkage in their numbers, by some 50 per cent. at the end of 1931, to about 35 per cent. in 1938.

1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in The Railway Magazine, London: Tothill Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 161:

Her only relative was a niece in Boston, who arranged for a local lawyer to liquidate Mrs. Garner’s property.

2016, Colson Whitehead, The Underground Railroad […], New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, →ISBN, page 46:

To convert (assets) into cash; to encash, to realize, to redeem.

liquidar

to convert (assets) into cash — see also encash, realize, redeem

The excess of the former amount over the latter constitutes of course a debt due by this Company to the banking company, the settlement of which has engaged the earnest attention of the Board. Their wish was to liquidate that amount by the proceeds of sales of property; but the unfavourable state of the colony has prevented their doing more than effecting a reduction of the debt by a payment to account.

1844 June 29, “Summary of the Eighth Report of the South Australian Company”, in The Colonial Gazette: A Weekly Journal, volume VI, number 292, London: William Holme […], →OCLC, page 413, column 2:

Defence could not be merely passive: assistance must be given to Mülhausen to liquidate outstanding debts, while Sigismund [Archduke of Austria] was open to receive offers, within the limits of the treaty of St. Omer, to redeem some or all of the territories he had pledged.

1952 July, E[dgar] Bonjour, H[ilary] S[eton] Offler, G[eorge] R[ichard] Potter, “The Heroic Age”, in A Short History of Switzerland, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, published August 1952, →OCLC, page 126:

To settle (a debt) by paying the outstanding amount; to pay off.

изплащам

to settle (a debt) by paying the outstanding amount — see also pay off

ликвиди́ровать

задо́лженность

To settle the financial affairs of (a corporation, partnership, or other business) with the aim of ceasing operations, by determining liabilities, using assets to pay debts, and apportioning the remaining assets if any; to wind up.

All theſe Diſadvantages, vvith many others, vve vvere forced to lay before Sir Richard Steele, and farther to remonſtrate to him, that as he novv ſtood in [William] Collier’s Place, his Penſion of 700l. vvas liable to the ſame Conditions, that Collier had receiv’d it upon; vvhich vvere, that it ſhould be only payable during our being the only Company permitted to act, but in caſe another ſhould be ſet up againſt us, that then this Penſion vvas to be liquidated into an equal Share vvith us; and vvhich vve novv hoped he vvould be contented vvith.

1740, Colley Cibber, chapter XV, in An Apology for the Life of Mr. Colley Cibber, […], London: […] John Watts for the author, →OCLC, pages 294–295:

In your laſt letter, of the 7th, you accuſe me, moſt unjuſtly, of being in arrears in my correſpondence; vvhereas, if our epiſtolary accounts vvere fairly liquidated, I believe you vvould be brought in conſiderably debtor.

1759 February 27 (date written), Philip Dormer Stanhope, [4th] Earl of Chesterfield, “Letter CXXVIII”, in Letters Written by the Late Right Honourable Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield, to His Son, Philip Stanhope, Esq; Late Envoy Extraordinary at the Court of Dresden: […], 2nd edition, volume IV, London: […] J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC:

A debt or demand is liquidated whenever the amount due is agreed on by the parties, or fixed by the operation of law.

1858, John Phelps Putnam, “Bond”, in United States Digest; Containing a Digest of Decisions of the Courts of Common Law, Equity, and Admiralty, in the United States and in England, volume IX (Annual Digest for 1855), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, section I (Execution, Validity, and Construction of Bonds, in General; who Entitled to Sue thereon), page 93, column 2:

(obsolete) To make (something) clear and intelligible.

(chiefly law) To ascertain (an amount of money), especially by agreement or through litigation; also, to set out (financial accounts) properly.

COVID-19 hit the company hard—I foresee it will liquidate within a year.

A reverse triangular merger is the same as a triangular merger, except that the subsidiary created by the acquirer merges into the selling entity and then liquidates, leaving the selling entity as the surviving entity, and a subsidiary of the acquirer.

2017, Steven M. Bragg, “Mergers and Acquisitions”, in The CFO Guidebook, 3rd edition edition, Centennial, Colo.: Accounting Tools, →ISBN, page 125:

(intransitive, business, commercial law, finance) Of a corporation, partnership, or other business: to settle financial affairs with the aim of ceasing operations; to go into liquidation, to wind up.

уреждам

(transitive) to settle the financial affairs of (a corporation, partnership, or other business) with the aim of ceasing operations; (intransitive) of a corporation, partnership, or other business: to settle financial affairs with the aim of ceasing operations; to go into liquidation — see also wind up


liquidate

ликвиди́ровать

I A. B. [here name and design the Granter] grant me to have instantly borrowed and received C. D. [here name and design the Creditor] the Sum of [insert the Sum] Sterling; which Sum I bind myself and my Heirs, Executors, and Representatives whomsoever, without the Necessity of discussing them in their Order, to repay […] with a Fifth Part more of liquidate Penalty in case of Failure, […]

1847 June 25, “[10 & 11 Vict.] Cap. L. An Act to Facilitate the Constitution and Transmission of Heritable Securities for Debt in Scotland, and to Render the Same More Effectual for the Recovery of Debts. Schedule (A).”, in A Collection of the Public General Statutes Passed in the Tenth and Eleventh Year of the Reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, 1847, London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […]; and published […] by W. Benning & Co, […], →OCLC, page 521:

(law, archaic or obsolete, rare) Of an amount of money: ascertained, determined, fixed.


petitioner

From petition + -er. Doublet of petitionary.

(law) Someone who presents a petition to a court.

খাস্তগীর

someone who presents a petition to a court


terrier

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman terrier, from Old French terrier (“of earth”, adjective), from Medieval Latin terrarius (“of earth”), from Latin terra (“earth”).

der

(law, historical) A collection of acknowledgments of the vassals or tenants of a lordship, containing the rents and services they owed to the lord, etc.

(law) An inventory (book or roll) in which the lands of private persons or corporations are described by their site, boundaries, number of acres, etc.; a terrar.


perpetuity

en-noun

perpetuity (countable and uncountable, plural perpetuities)

From Middle English perpetuitee, perpetuite, perpetuyte, from Old French perpetüité, ultimately from Latin perpetuitās.

Perpetuity in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

(countable, law) A limitation intended to be unalterable and of indefinite duration; a disposition of property which attempts to make it inalienable beyond certain limits fixed or conceived as being fixed by the general law.


court costs

(law) Expenses other than attorney's fees associated with the prosecution or defense of a lawsuit for which, in some jurisdictions, the prevailing party may demand repayment.


peng

sq-noun

peng m (plural pengje, definite pengu, definite plural pengjet)

pengje (plural)
pengu (definite)
pengjet (definite plural)


prevailing party

en-noun

prevailing party (plural prevailing parties)

(law) The party in a civil lawsuit whom the factfinder determines to be right, and who, in some jurisdictions, may recover attorney's fees and other expenses associated with the prosecution or defense of the lawsuit.


attorney's fee

(law) The fee charged by an attorney for work done in relation to a lawsuit or other work done by an attorney.

In March 2017, the judge appointed a special master — the former federal judge Gerald E. Rosen — to look into the appropriateness of the fee package, including the issues of double-counting attorney hours spent on the case and the reasonableness of the rates charged by the lawyers. But during a 14-month investigation, Mr. Rosen made a startling discovery: Labaton had paid a lawyer in Texas a finder’s fee equal to 20 percent of the attorneys’ fee it received in the litigation.

2018 October 10, Matthew Goldstein, “Law Firm’s Fee Settlement Could Shake Up Securities Class Actions”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-10-10, Business Day:

(law) An amount set by a court to be awarded to a prevailing party based on the reasonable fee that their attorney should have charged, based on the length and complexity of the case.


abstention doctrine

abstention doctrine (plural abstention doctrines)

(law) A rule under which a federal court in the United States will decline to exercise jurisdiction over a lawsuit because the suit could or should instead be heard by a state court.


admiralty law

(law) The area of law that deals with ships at sea and the rights of sailors, passengers, and owners of cargo.


attorney's work product

(law, US): Evidence which a party to a lawsuit does not have to reveal during the discovery process because it represents the thought process of the attorney preparing for trial.


devisee

(law) The person or entity to whom property is devised in a will.


in forma pauperis

Unadapted borrowing from Latin in fōrma pauperis (literally “in the manner of a pauper”).

ubor

Come, stack arms, Men! Pile on the rails; stir up the campfire bright; no matter if the canteen fails, we'll make a roaring night. Here Shenandoah brawls along, there burly Blue Ridge echoes strong, to swell the Brigade's rousing song, of “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
We see him now — the old slouched hat cocked o’er his eye askew, the shrewd, dry smile, the speech so pat, so calm, so blunt, so true. The “Blue-Light Elder” knows ’em well; says he, “That’s Banks — he’s fond of shell; Lord save his soul! We’ll give him” — well, that’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
Silence! Ground arms! Kneel all! Caps off! Old Blue Light’s going to pray. Strangle the fool that dares to scoff: Attention! 'Tis his way. Appealing from his native sod in forma pauperis to God: “Lay bare thine arm, stretch forth thy rod! Amen!” That’s “Stonewall’s Way.”
He’s in the saddle now. Fall in! Steady, the whole brigade! Hill’s at the ford, cut off — we’ll win his way out, ball and blade! What matter if our shoes are worn? What matter if our feet are torn? “Quick step! We’re with him before the morn!” That’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in the lists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
Ah! Maiden, wait and watch and yearn for news of Stonewall’s band! Ah! Widow read with eyes that burn that ring upon thy hand. Ah! Wife, sew on, pray on, hope on! Thy life shall not be all forlorn. The foe had better ne’er been born that gets in “Stonewall’s Way.”

1862, John Williamson Palmer, Stonewall Jackson's Way

(historical, law) A request to have a court waive filing fees in a civil action because the plaintiff is indigent.


civil action

(law) In the United States, a lawsuit between private parties, including an action by a private person against a government entity, which will be treated as a private party by the court.

(law) In Roman Dutch law, a lawsuit that is not criminal in nature. It may be between the state and a private party. It is usually based in contract, or delict (tort).


defense in abatement

(law) A plea to the effect that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, lack of jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.


alternative dispute resolution

en-noun

alternative dispute resolution (countable and uncountable, plural alternative dispute resolutions)

alternative dispute resolutions (plural)

(law) The resolution of a dispute through negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or similar means, as opposed to litigation.

վեճերի այլընտրանքային կարգավորում

resolution of a dispute through negotiation or similar means

mode alternatif de résolution des conflits

裁判外紛争解決手続

さいばんがいふんそうかいけつてつづき


litigation

litigation (countable and uncountable, plural litigations)

/ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/

Borrowed from Latin lītigātiō, equivalent to litigate + -ion.

There is ongoing litigation in this matter.

This law firm is known for its litigation practice.

That attorney has been chastised for his litigation behavior.

“Google admitted that — for litigations spanning the past five years — it has never preserved all chats for relevant individuals by turning chat history on,” the DOJ filing said.

2023 February 23, Brian Fung, “DOJ seeks court sanctions against Google over ‘intentional destruction’ of chat logs”, in CNN:

The willingness to bring more marginal legal cases reflects how the amount of money being put toward election litigation has increased significantly, said Derek Muller, an election law professor at the University of Notre Dame who noted that the trend also applies to Democrats and outside groups across the ideological spectrum.

2024 April 11, Fredreka Schouten and Tierney Sneed, “GOP leaders pursue new lawsuits over 2024 election rules – including attacking methods of voting they want supporters to use”, in CNN:

Rechtsstreit

a legal dispute which may or may not have gone to court


lesser included offense

lesser included offense (plural lesser included offenses)

lesser included offenses (plural)
lesser included offence (alternative)

A robbery is an assault combined with a theft; a person can not be criminally charged with both the robbery and the assault that occurred during the robbery; the assault is a lesser included offense.

(law) A crime the elements of which coincide with the elements of a more serious crime, from which the prosecutor is therefore precluded from separately charging a criminal defendant.


mandatory sentence

mandatory sentence (plural mandatory sentences)

(law) A criminal sentence of a predetermined minimum period of time which a judge is required by statute to impose upon a conviction for a crime.


bluebook

en-verb

bluebook (third-person singular simple present bluebooks, present participle bluebooking, simple past and past participle bluebooked)

bluebooks (present singular third-person)
bluebooking (participle present)
bluebooked (participle past)
bluebooked (past)

After all, the nonmember author who has never participated in the endless chores of bluebooking and typing is more successful than most law review members in writing a piece of publishable quality.

1988, The Hastings Law Journal, Vol. 39, Part 2, page 914:

(law) To format a document, particularly a legal document including citations, according to the rules of the Bluebook, a US style guide.


trial by ordeal

en-noun

trial by ordeal (plural trials by ordeal)

(law) An archaic practice by which a person accused of a crime could prove their innocence by their survival of physically painful tests.


federal question

federal question (plural federal questions)

federal question jurisdiction
federal question jurisdiction

(US, law) a cause of action brought in a court under the United States Constitution or a federal statute. A federal question gives rise to federal question jurisdiction


federal question jurisdiction

federal question jurisdiction (uncountable)

(US, law) The authority that a United States federal court has to hear a cause of action brought under the United States Constitution or federal statutes.


cause of action

cause of action (plural causes of action)

If someone strikes you, then you have a cause of action for battery.

(law) A condition under which one party would be entitled to sue another.


compos mentis

From Latin compos (“in control, having mastery”) + mentis (“of mind”).

bor

‘[…] you have my hearty consent, sir, to marry the girl whensumdever it’s convenient.’ Dame Mayrose finished her speech with a low courtesy, and Tom Sponge sat like a petrified image. ‘For God’s sake, Mrs. Mayrose, are you compos mentis?’ said he. ‘Please your honour, I don’t understand no foreign languages,’ said the good woman, ‘but my darter tells me you want to make proposhalls.’

1810, [anonymous] […], chapter XXVIII, in Splendid Follies. A Novel, […]. Founded on Facts., volume III, London: […] J[ames] F[letcher] Hughes, […], →OCLC, pages 112–113:

(law) Of sound mind, sane; thus fully accountable (legally and/or morally) for one's deeds.


baron and femme

[see title]

1719, Baron and Femme: A Treatise of the Common Law Concerning Husbands and Wives …:

[see title]

1816, Tapping Reeve, The Law of Baron and Femme, of Parent and Child, of Guardian and Ward, of Master and Servant, and of the Powers of Courts of Chancery:


de facto corporation

en-noun

de facto corporation (plural de facto corporations)

(law) A business entity that is treated as a corporation for certain purposes despite its failure to meet all of the formal requirements imposed by law for a corporation to exist.


holographic will

holographic will (plural holographic wills)

(law) A will that is handwritten by the testator, without the usual formalities of execution.


testamentary

From Middle English testamentarie, from Anglo-Norman testamentarie and Latin testāmentārius (“of or belonging to wills”).

der

Although such letter shall not be interpreted as a testamentary writing, I request that my beneficiaries and executor carry out the requests made in the letter.

(law) of or pertaining to a will or testament


party of the second part

en-noun

party of the second part (plural parties of the second part)

(law, archaic) The party to a legal dispute against whom a complaint was initially raised in a court.

segunda parte

party against whom a complaint was initially raised in a court

(law, archaic) The second party named in a contract, generally the party to whom a duty is initially owed, and who is obligated to perform in response to the performance of that initial duty.


party of the first part

party of the first part (plural parties of the first part)

(law, archaic) The party to a legal dispute who first raised a complaint in a court.

(law, archaic) The first party named in a contract, generally the party agreeing to perform a duty thereunder.


nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur

Latin, ”no one alleging his own turpitude is to be heard”.

...non potendosi dai Tribunali accogliere l'Istanze di coloro che allegano la violazione dei propri doveri come un mezzo di esimersi dal soddisfare alle contratte obbligazioni. Nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur.

1823, Supremo consiglio di giustizia, Tesoro del foro toscano, o sia, Raccolta delle decisioni del Supremo consiglio, volume 13 (in Italian), page 90:

Nunca a malicia aproveita a quem a emprega, e sempre o erro desfaz o que se fez com elle; ou, como dizem as leis romanas: «Nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur... Non videntur, qui errant, consentire» (a).

1866, Diogo Pereira Forjaz de Sampaio Pimentel, Livro segundo da parte primeira, tít. I-VIII, IX-XV (in Portuguese), page 387:

The operation of the principle that nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur has been considerably curtailed in the public interest, and the resulting doctrine of recrimination is said to have a fundamental moral value.

1958, Law in Eastern Europe, number 16 (in English), page 104:

Ako nije izričito drukčije određeno, vrijede opća načela: ex turpi causa non oritur actio; nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur; in pari turpitudine potior est conditio possidentis.

1969, Nikola Tintić, Radno i socijalno pravo: Radni odnosi (I) (in Serbo-Croatian and Latin), page 689:

III. Keine Aufnahme der gemeinrechtlichen Regel nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur in die Nichtigkeitslehre
Im österreichischen Recht basiert die Anerkennung der relativen Nichtigkeit unter anderem auf dem gemeinrechtlichen Proverbium nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur.

1998, Roland Michael Beckmann, Nichtigkeit und Personenschutz: Parteibezogene Einschränkung der Nichtigkeit von Rechtsgeschäften (in German), page 149:

In France the courts invoke the principle nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur and in England the principle is that ex turpi causa non oritur actio...

2010, Hugh Beale, Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson, Jacobien Rutgers, Contract Law: Ius Commune Casebooks for the Common Law of Europe (in English), page 1175:

The general fundamental principle of nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur will be specified not only under the Introductory Provisions, but also in re invalidity, with the stipulation that the entity incurring the cause of nullity in an imputable manner may not refer to the invalidity of the contract.

2005, Ildikó Basa, “Re-Codification of the Civil Code? Conception for Drafting the New Civil Code”, in Acta Juridica Hungarica (in English), page 86:

Zgodnie z zasadą nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur ten, kto zawinił zerwanie więzów rodzinnych, nie może ze swej niegodziwości wywodzić korzystnych dla siebie skutków.

2020, Grzegorz Wolak, “O wydziedziczeniu z powodu uporczywego niedopełniania obowiązków rodzinnych względem spadkodawcy”, in Studia Prawnicze KUL (in Polish):

According to the principle nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur, a person who is guilty of breaking family ties cannot derive any benefits for himself from his wickedness.

(law) No person may base an in rem right or legal claim against someone if the claimant has fulfilled the requirements for the acquisition of this right by an illegal act of his.


illegality

illegality (countable and uncountable, plural illegalities)

From French illégalité, equivalent to il- + legality or illegal + -ity.

The criminal was aware of the illegality of his act.

In Fraenkel’s defiance of mortality and professionalism and his skill in navigating the triple state lay part of the origins of his idea of the dual state. He answered the illegality in the Nazi prerogative state with his own commitment to illegality in both the resistance and even the legal system itself.

2020, Douglas G. Morris, The Ernst Fraenkel Dilemma, page 208:

When sued for refusing to pay for services provided by a prostitute, the customer raised the defense of illegality.

(law, uncountable) a defense to the validity of a contract because it was in violation of the law


talion

Inherited from Middle French talion, borrowed from Latin taliōnem, from talis (“such”).

(law) a punishment equal to the injury sustained


vall

hu-conj

Forms in parentheses are somewhat archaic or literary.

This verb has no prefix that could split, despite its first few letters.

vallok (indefinite informal second-person singular)
vallasz (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallasz (indefinite singular third-person)
vall (first-person indefinite plural)
vallunk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
vallotok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallotok (indefinite plural third-person)
vallanak (indefinite)
vallom (definite informal second-person singular)
vallod (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallod (definite singular third-person)
vallja (definite first-person plural)
valljuk (definite informal plural second-person)
valljátok (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
valljátok (definite plural third-person)
vallják (definite)
vallak (informal second-person singular)
vallottam (indefinite informal past second-person singular)
vallottál (formal indefinite past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallottál (indefinite past singular third-person)
vallott (first-person indefinite past plural)
vallottunk (indefinite informal past plural second-person)
vallottatok (formal indefinite past plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallottatok (indefinite past plural third-person)
vallottak (indefinite past)
vallottam (definite informal past second-person singular)
vallottad (definite formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallottad (definite past singular third-person)
vallotta (definite first-person past plural)
vallottuk (definite informal past plural second-person)
vallottátok (definite formal past plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallottátok (definite past plural third-person)
vallották (definite past)
vallottalak (informal past second-person singular)
or a time adverb (first-person future plural)
or a time adverb (formal future second-person-semantically third-person)
or a time adverb (future informal second-person)
or a time adverb (future third-person)
e.g. vallani fog. (first-person future plural)
e.g. vallani fog. (formal future second-person-semantically third-person)
e.g. vallani fog. (future informal second-person)
e.g. vallani fog. (future third-person)
vallék (future indefinite)
vallál (indefinite informal second-person singular)
valla (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
valla (indefinite singular third-person)
vallánk (first-person indefinite plural)
vallátok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
vallának (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallának (indefinite plural third-person)
vallám (definite future)
vallád (definite informal second-person singular)
vallá (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallá (definite singular third-person)
vallánk (definite first-person plural)
vallátok (definite informal plural second-person)
vallák (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallák (definite plural third-person)
vallálak (future)
e.g. vall vala (future)
vallott vala (future)
volt. (future)
vallandok (future indefinite)
vallandasz (indefinite informal second-person singular)
valland (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
valland (indefinite singular third-person)
vallandunk (first-person indefinite plural)
vallandotok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
vallandanak (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallandanak (indefinite plural third-person)
vallandom (definite future)
vallandod (definite informal second-person singular)
vallandja (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallandja (definite singular third-person)
vallandjuk (definite first-person plural)
vallandjátok (definite informal plural second-person)
vallandják (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallandják (definite plural third-person)
vallandalak (future)
vallanék (indefinite informal second-person singular)
vallanál (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallanál (indefinite singular third-person)
vallana (first-person indefinite plural)
vallanánk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
vallanátok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallanátok (indefinite plural third-person)
vallanának (indefinite)
vallanám (definite future indefinite)
vallanád (definite informal second-person singular)
vallaná (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallaná (definite singular third-person)
vallanánk (definite first-person plural)
or vallanók (definite first-person plural)
vallanátok (definite informal plural second-person)
vallanák (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallanák (definite plural third-person)
vallanálak (future indefinite)
Indicative past forms followed by volna (indefinite past)
e.g. vallott volna (indefinite past)
valljak (indefinite informal second-person singular)
vallj or (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallj or (indefinite singular third-person)
valljál (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
valljál (indefinite singular third-person)
valljon (first-person indefinite plural)
valljunk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
valljatok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
valljatok (indefinite plural third-person)
valljanak (indefinite)
valljam (definite informal second-person singular)
valld or (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
valld or (definite singular third-person)
valljad (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
valljad (definite singular third-person)
valljalak (informal second-person singular)
e.g. vallott légyen
vallani (infinitive)
vallanom (infinitive informal second-person singular)
vallanod (formal infinitive second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallanod (infinitive singular third-person)
vallania (first-person infinitive plural)
vallanunk (infinitive informal plural second-person)
vallanotok (formal infinitive plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallanotok (infinitive plural third-person)
vallaniuk (infinitive)
vallás (noun-from-verb)
valló (future)
vallott
vallandó
vallva (adverbial first-person participle plural)
vallva (adverbial informal participle plural second-person)
vallván (adverbial first-person participle plural)
vallván (adverbial informal participle plural second-person)
-(t)et suffix as the causative
vallhatok (indefinite informal second-person singular)
vallhatsz (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatsz (indefinite singular third-person)
vallhat (first-person indefinite plural)
vallhatunk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
vallhattok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhattok (indefinite plural third-person)
vallhatnak (indefinite)
vallhatom (definite informal second-person singular)
vallhatod (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatod (definite singular third-person)
vallhatja (definite first-person plural)
vallhatjuk (definite informal plural second-person)
vallhatjátok (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhatjátok (definite plural third-person)
vallhatják (definite)
vallhatlak (informal second-person singular)
vallhattam (indefinite informal past second-person singular)
vallhattál (formal indefinite past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhattál (indefinite past singular third-person)
vallhatott (first-person indefinite past plural)
vallhattunk (indefinite informal past plural second-person)
vallhattatok (formal indefinite past plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhattatok (indefinite past plural third-person)
vallhattak (indefinite past)
vallhattam (definite informal past second-person singular)
vallhattad (definite formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhattad (definite past singular third-person)
vallhatta (definite first-person past plural)
vallhattuk (definite informal past plural second-person)
vallhattátok (definite formal past plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhattátok (definite past plural third-person)
vallhatták (definite past)
vallhattalak (informal past second-person singular)
vallhaték (indefinite)
vallhatál (indefinite informal second-person singular)
vallhata (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhata (indefinite singular third-person)
vallhatánk (first-person indefinite plural)
vallhatátok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
vallhatának (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhatának (indefinite plural third-person)
vallhatám (definite)
vallhatád (definite informal second-person singular)
vallhatá (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatá (definite singular third-person)
vallhatánk (definite first-person plural)
vallhatátok (definite informal plural second-person)
vallhaták (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhaták (definite plural third-person)
vallhatálak
e.g. vallhat vala (first-person past plural)
e.g. vallhat vala (first-person past singular third-person)
e.g. vallhat vala (first-person plural)
e.g. vallhat vala (first-person singular third-person)
e.g. vallhat vala (formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
e.g. vallhat vala (formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
e.g. vallhat vala (informal past second-person)
e.g. vallhat vala (informal second-person)
vallhatott vala (first-person past plural)
vallhatott vala (first-person past singular third-person)
vallhatott vala (first-person plural)
vallhatott vala (first-person singular third-person)
vallhatott vala (formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatott vala (formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatott vala (informal past second-person)
vallhatott vala (informal second-person)
volt. (first-person past plural)
volt. (first-person past singular third-person)
volt. (first-person plural)
volt. (first-person singular third-person)
volt. (formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
volt. (formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
volt. (informal past second-person)
volt. (informal second-person)
vallhatandok (indefinite)
or vallandhatok (indefinite)
vallhatandasz (indefinite informal second-person singular)
or vallandhatsz (indefinite informal second-person singular)
vallhatand (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatand (indefinite singular third-person)
or vallandhat (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
or vallandhat (indefinite singular third-person)
vallhatandunk (first-person indefinite plural)
or vallandhatunk (first-person indefinite plural)
vallhatandotok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
or vallandhattok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
vallhatandanak (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhatandanak (indefinite plural third-person)
or vallandhatnak (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
or vallandhatnak (indefinite plural third-person)
vallhatandom (definite)
or vallandhatom (definite)
vallhatandod (definite informal second-person singular)
or vallandhatod (definite informal second-person singular)
vallhatandja (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatandja (definite singular third-person)
or vallandhatja (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
or vallandhatja (definite singular third-person)
vallhatandjuk (definite first-person plural)
or vallandhatjuk (definite first-person plural)
vallhatandjátok (definite informal plural second-person)
or vallandhatjátok (definite informal plural second-person)
vallhatandják (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhatandják (definite plural third-person)
or vallandhatják (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
or vallandhatják (definite plural third-person)
vallhatandalak
or vallandhatlak
vallhatnék (indefinite informal second-person singular)
vallhatnál (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatnál (indefinite singular third-person)
vallhatna (first-person indefinite plural)
vallhatnánk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
vallhatnátok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhatnátok (indefinite plural third-person)
vallhatnának (indefinite)
vallhatnám (definite indefinite)
vallhatnád (definite informal second-person singular)
vallhatná (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatná (definite singular third-person)
vallhatnánk (definite first-person plural)
or vallhatnók (definite first-person plural)
vallhatnátok (definite informal plural second-person)
vallhatnák (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhatnák (definite plural third-person)
vallhatnálak (indefinite)
Indicative past forms followed by volna (first-person indefinite past third-person)
Indicative past forms followed by volna (formal indefinite past second-person-semantically third-person)
Indicative past forms followed by volna (indefinite informal past second-person)
e.g. vallhatott volna (first-person indefinite past third-person)
e.g. vallhatott volna (formal indefinite past second-person-semantically third-person)
e.g. vallhatott volna (indefinite informal past second-person)
vallhassak (indefinite informal second-person singular)
vallhass or (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhass or (indefinite singular third-person)
vallhassál (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhassál (indefinite singular third-person)
vallhasson (first-person indefinite plural)
vallhassunk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
vallhassatok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhassatok (indefinite plural third-person)
vallhassanak (indefinite)
vallhassam (definite informal second-person singular)
vallhasd or (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhasd or (definite singular third-person)
vallhassad (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhassad (definite singular third-person)
vallhassa (definite first-person plural)
vallhassuk (definite informal plural second-person)
vallhassátok (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhassátok (definite plural third-person)
vallhassák (definite)
vallhassalak (informal second-person singular)
e.g. vallhatott légyen
vallhatni (infinitive)
vallhatnom (infinitive informal second-person singular)
vallhatnod (formal infinitive second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatnod (infinitive singular third-person)
vallhatnia (first-person infinitive plural)
vallhatnunk (infinitive informal plural second-person)
vallhatnotok (formal infinitive plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhatnotok (infinitive plural third-person)
vallhatniuk (infinitive)
vallható
vallhatatlan (formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
vallhatatlan (informal second-person singular)
vallhatatlan (singular third-person)
vallhatva / vallhatván (adverbial first-person participle plural third-person)
vallhatva / vallhatván (adverbial formal participle plural second-person-semantically third-person)
vallhatva / vallhatván (adverbial informal participle plural second-person)

(intransitive, law) to testify, to bear witness

to confess, to admit
to testify, to bear witness

A vádlott ártatlannak vallotta magát.

(reflexively, as vallja magát, with definite conjugation, law) to plead (innocent or guilty) (used with -nak/-nek)


service of process

en-noun

service of process (countable and uncountable, plural services of process)

The process server could not effect service of process because the defendant was nowhere to be found.

(law) The delivery of information to a person or entity providing notice that they are being sued with sufficient detail for them to respond to the suit.

送达

delivery of information providing notice

The court found plaintiff's service of process effective, although the defendant refused to receive the complaint.

(law) The effective notification of a lawsuit such that a court may proceed with the case.


officious intermeddler

officious intermeddler (plural officious intermeddlers)

(law) A person who voluntarily, and without request or pre-existing legal duty, interjects themselves into the affairs of another, then seeks remuneration for services or reimbursement.