llys

From Proto-Celtic *ḷsso-s, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥t-to-, from *pleth₂- (“broad, flat”).

order to a person to bring a child to court

gorchymyn i berson ddod â phlentyn i'r llys

Children and Family Court Advisory Support Service

Gwasanaeth Cynghori a Chynorthwyo Llys i Blant a Theuluoedd

Llys Parhaol Cyfiawnder Rhyngwladol

Permanent Court of International Justice

pennaeth adran ysgrifenyddol y gwasanaeth llys

transaction that requires examination by the court

trafodiad y mae gofyn i'r llys ei archwilio


domicile

domiciles (plural)
domicil (alternative archaic)

Inherited from Middle English domicelle, domicylie, from Middle French domicile and directly from Latin domicilium.

the status of marriage has been indelibly fixed by the English celebration; and by this decision, her domicile, as a married woman, has been held to be that of her husband

1838, Reports of Cases Decided in the Supreme Courts of Scotland:

(law) A residence at a particular place accompanied with an intention to remain there for an unlimited time; a residence accepted as a final abode.


intendment

en-noun

intendment (countable and uncountable, plural intendments)

(law) the sense in which the legal system interprets something, especially the intention of legislation

понима́ние

зако́на (zakóna)


intromission

intromission (countable and uncountable, plural intromissions)

From Latin intro-, "into", + mission', "sending", from Latin missio, from perfect passive participle missus, "sent", from verb mittere, "send", + noun of action -io. Commonly used to refer to the instant at which sexual intercourse begins, when the penis first slides into (enters) the vagina.

(law, Scotland) An intermeddling with the affairs of another, either on legal grounds or without authority.


menor

(law, of a person) underage, minor (below legal adulthood)


menor

(law) minor, underage (person below the legal age of responsibility or accountability)


seduction

seduction (countable and uncountable, plural seductions)

Borrowed from Middle French séduction, from Latin sēductiō, from sēdūcō.

(dated, law, in English common law) The felony of, as a man, inducing a previously chaste unmarried female to engage in sexual intercourse on a promise of marriage.


reasons

The appellants sought at the hearing of the appeal, for the first time, to file the reasons of the Federal High Court of Nigeria for dismissing the respondent's motion to strike. Although the reasons were released February 2, 2015 and the motion before Perell J. was heard March 2, 2015, the reasons were not before the motion judge.

2015 November 17, Jean L. MacFarland, “James Bay Resources Limited v. Mak Mera Nigeria Limited, 2015 ONCA 781”, in CanLII, retrieved 2024-06-05:

(law, plural only) A written judgment or ruling by a judge or similar decision maker.


blacklist

The software included a lengthy blacklist of disreputable websites to block.

(law, computing) A list or set of people or entities to be shunned or banned, disallowed or blocked.


whitelist

(law, computing) A list or collection of people or entities that are known, trusted, or explicitly permitted.


untried

(law) Not put on trial; not taken before a legal court.


deposition

deposition (countable and uncountable, plural depositions)

From Middle English deposicion, from Old French deposicion (French déposition), from Latin depositio.

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease

(law) The process of taking sworn testimony out of court; the testimony so taken.


suspended

Caused to stop for a while; interrupted or delayed.


jurisconsult

/ˌd͡ʒʊəɹɪskənˈsʌlt/

/ˌd͡ʒʊəɹɪsˈkɒnsʌlt/

From Latin iūris consultus (“one skilled in the law”).

bor

The Court shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence in international law.

1945, United Nations, Statute of International Court of Justice:


short title

Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021

The short title of this Act is the Companies Act 2006.

2006, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Companies Act 2006, section 1298:

(law, Commonwealth, US, Philippines) A title given to an act (or other piece of legislation) to facilitate citation; generally used as the common name for that legislation.


force majeure

en-noun

force majeure (usually uncountable, plural forces majeures)

/ˌfɔːs mæˈʒɜː/

/ˌfoɹs mɑˈʒɜɹ/

PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
Borrowed from French force majeure (“exceptionally strong or superior force; (law) unavoidable circumstance that prevents someone from fulfilling a legal obligation”), from force (“force”) (ultimately from Latin fortis (“powerful, strong”)) + majeure (the feminine singular of majeur (“of great importance, major”), ultimately from Latin maior (“greater; large”),).

bor

Brazil's largest trader of sugar and ethanol declared force majeure to some third party exporters of sugar with contracts to ship through its Santos Port terminal that burned down on Friday, sources in the sugar trade said.

2013 October 22, “Brazil’s Copersucar Declares Force Majeure to 3rd Party Sugar Shippers”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-11-17:

18. GNM [Guardian News & Media Limited] shall not be liable for any failure to comply with its obligations where the failure is caused by something outside its reasonable control. Such circumstances shall include, but not be limited to, weather conditions, fire, flood, hurricane, strike, industrial dispute, war, hostilities, political unrest, riots, civil commotion, inevitable accidents, supervening legislation or any other circumstances amounting to force majeure.

2013 November 3, “Observer Magazine Competition: Win a Moncrief bag and Ipad case! [terms and conditions]”, in The Observer, London, archived from the original on 2021-11-23:

Dated 14 July, the letter from the Russian state gas monopoly said it was declaring force majeure on supplies, starting from 14 June. Known as an "act of God" clause, a force majeure clause is standard in business contracts and spells out extreme circumstances that excuse a party from their legal obligations.

2022 July 18, Reuters, “Russia’s Gazprom tells European buyers it cannot guarantee gas supplies”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-19:

(law) An unavoidable circumstance, especially one that prevents someone from fulfilling a legal (usually contractual) obligation.


force majeure

fr-noun

force majeure f (usually uncountable, plural forces majeures)

→ Danish: force majeure

→ English: force majeure

→ Norwegian Bokmål: force majeure

→ Ottoman Turkish: فورس ماژور

Turkish: forsmajör

→ Russian: форс-мажор (fors-mažor)

cas de force majeure


force majeure

Internationalism, unadapted borrowing from French force majeure.


können

de-verb

können<pretpres.kann#konnte,gekonnt:können􂀿as an auxiliary verb􂁀,könnte>

können (preterite-present, third-person singular present kann, past tense konnte, past participle gekonnt or (as an auxiliary verb) können, past subjunctive könnte, auxiliary haben)

kann (present singular third-person)
konnte (past)
gekonnt (participle past)
können (participle past)
könnte (past subjunctive)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
können (infinitive)
könnend (participle present)
gekonnt (participle past)
können (participle past)
kann (first-person indicative present singular)
können (first-person indicative plural present)
könne (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
können (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
kannst (indicative present second-person singular)
könnt (indicative plural present second-person)
könnest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
könnet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
kann (indicative present singular third-person)
können (indicative plural present third-person)
könne (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
können (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
konnte (first-person indicative preterite singular)
konnten (first-person indicative plural preterite)
könnte (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
könnten (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
konntest (indicative preterite second-person singular)
konntet (indicative plural preterite second-person)
könntest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
könntet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
konnte (indicative preterite singular third-person)
konnten (indicative plural preterite third-person)
könnte (singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
könnten (plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe gekonnt (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
habe können (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben gekonnt (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
haben können (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe gekonnt (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
habe können (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben gekonnt (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
haben können (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast gekonnt (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
hast können (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt gekonnt (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habt können (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest gekonnt (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habest können (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet gekonnt (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
habet können (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat gekonnt (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
hat können (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben gekonnt (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
haben können (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe gekonnt (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
habe können (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben gekonnt (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
haben können (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte gekonnt (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatte können (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten gekonnt (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hatten können (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte gekonnt (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätte können (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten gekonnt (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hätten können (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest gekonnt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattest können (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet gekonnt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hattet können (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest gekonnt (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättest können (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet gekonnt (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hättet können (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte gekonnt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatte können (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten gekonnt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hatten können (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte gekonnt (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätte können (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten gekonnt (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hätten können (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
können werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde können (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden können (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest können (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet können (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde können (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden können (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde können (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden können (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde können (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden können (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst können (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet können (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest können (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet können (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird können (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden können (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde können (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden können (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
gekonnt haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
können haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde gekonnt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde können haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden gekonnt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden können haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest gekonnt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest können haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet gekonnt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet können haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde gekonnt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde können haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden gekonnt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden können haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde gekonnt haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werde können haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden gekonnt haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
werden können haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde gekonnt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würde können haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden gekonnt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden können haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst gekonnt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
wirst können haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet gekonnt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
werdet können haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest gekonnt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdest können haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet gekonnt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet können haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird gekonnt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
wird können haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden gekonnt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
werden können haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde gekonnt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würde können haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden gekonnt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden können haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

From Middle High German künnen, kunnen, from Old High German kunnan, from Proto-West Germanic *kunnan, from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).

Nach § 1163 II BGB steht das im Grundbuch als »Hypothek« eingetragene dingliche Recht bis zur Übergabe des Hypothekenbriefs (noch) dem Eigentümer zu; dies gilt selbst dann, wenn die zu sichernde Forderung bereits beim Gläubiger entstanden ist, der Verbund zwischen Forderung und Hypothek mithin möglich wäre. § 1163 II BGB bestimmt aber, dass dieser Verbund noch nicht hergestellt ist. Wiederum hat der Eigentümer das dingliche Recht, allerdings ohne schuldrechtliche Forderung, die möglicherweise bereits dem Gläubiger zusteht; nach § 1177 I BGB steht dem Eigentümer deshalb eine Grundschuld zu.
Mit dieser Rechtsposition kann der Eigentümer nach Belieben verfahren, mag er auch gegenüber dem Gläubiger verpflichtet sein, ihm den Hypothekenbrief auszuhändigen und ihm dadurch das dingliche Recht zu verschaffen, wenn die Forderung bereits besteht.

2021 September 3, Jörg Maurer, “Die »forderungsentkleidete« Hypothek ist eine Grundschuld”, in JURA – Juristische Ausbildung, volume 43, number 4, →DOI, pages 371b–372a of 369–377:

Pursuant to § 1163 II BGB the in rem right entered into the land register as hypothec belives with the owner until the deed is tradited; this is true even if the secured claim has already arisen in the person of the creditor, and the alliance of claim and hypothec is thus possible. But § 1163 II BGB provides that this alliance is not realized yet. Then again the owner has the in rem right, but without obligatory claim though it be that it possibly already belives with the creditor; pursuant to § 1177 I BGB the owner therefore has a Grundschuld [a non-accessory lien on pieces of land in German civil law].
With this legal position the owner can effectively proceed as lists him, even if toward the creditor he be obliged to hand him the deed and thus provide the in rem right to him, when the claim is already there.

to be able (to do or be something), to have the possibility of, can.

(auxiliary, with an infinitive, past participle: “können” or “gekonnt”, law, the so-called rechtliches Können) to be in the legal situation of being able to realize a legal effect even if it be legally disallowed


negotiorum gestio

Borrowed from Latin negotiōrum gestiō (literally “management of business”).

bor

MT ARGUN; SHERIFF OF CAPE TOWN AND ANOTHER v MT ARGUN, HER OWNERS AND ALL PERSONS INTERESTED IN HER AND ANOTHER 2000 (4) SA 857 (C) @ 685.
The gestor is only entitled to reimbursement of expenses and not to remuneration, the underlying principle being that negotiorum gestio arises from an act of generosity and friendship and is not aimed at allowing the gestor to make a profit out of his administration.

(law) A situation in which a gestor acts on behalf of a principal for the benefit of that principal, but without the consent of that principal


vacatur

Latin third person singular present indicative passive of vacare (“it is made null and void”).

(law) An announcement in court that something is cancelled or set aside; an annulment.


adulterer

From adulter (“to commit adultery”) + -er.

en:one who commits adultery
en:unfaithful spouse

(law, strictly) A spouse who has sex with a non-spouse.

One who commits adultery.
A spouse who has sex with a non-spouse.


requisition

en-noun

requisition (countable and uncountable, plural requisitions)

/ˌɹɛkwɪˈzɪʃən/

From Middle English requisicion, from Old French requisicion, from Medieval Latin requisitio. By surface analysis, requisit(e) + -ion.

a requisition used upon an infeftment of annualrent

1828, John Erskine, An Institute of the Law of Scotland:

(law) A notarial demand for repayment of a debt.


enfranchise

en-verb

enfranchise (third-person singular simple present enfranchises, present participle enfranchising, simple past and past participle enfranchised)

enfranchises (present singular third-person)
enfranchising (participle present)
enfranchised (participle past)
enfranchised (past)

From Old French enfranchir (“to set free, enfranchise”), from en- (“in”) + franchir (“to set free”), equivalent to en- + franchise.

uder

(property law, England and Wales, historical) to convert a copyhold estate into a freehold estate


franchise

(law, finance) franchise (exemption from financial or legal obligation)


disabled

en-adj

disabled (comparative more disabled, superlative most disabled)

more disabled (comparative)
most disabled (superlative)


SPC

en-noun

SPC (countable and uncountable, plural SPCs)

(patent law) Initialism of supplementary protection certificate.


lex lata

Borrowed from Latin lēx lāta (“the law borne”) (see below).

1997, Lyal S Sunga, The Emerging System of International Criminal Law http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN9041104720&id=Dbb8eQH-vbQC&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&sig=3A8fBOXMx7bQAO7AWXOIUA6Lzyw
At that point, little purpose would be served in maintaining categories fashioned so closely to the lex lata that the Code would crystallize traditional technical distinctions.

2000, Nikolaos K. Tsagourias, The Jurisprudence of International Law http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN0719054656&id=V_YiUMuaIQwC&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&sig=Gpm22qlBVtypDtVqQreLbz6pDrw
This also betrays an interest in transforming world order by approximating lex lata with lex ferenda.

Lex ferenda serves as a label for something which has at least conceptual existence, as a contrast or opposite to lex lata, the law that exists and obliges the subjects of law to adopt, or to refrain from, certain defined courses of conduct in certain defined circumstances.

2002, Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 2001 http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN9067041556&id=7tV2LgZzjn8C&lpg=PA5&pg=PA4&sig=tqI91yfti-e5shuss0twPraRca8


lex lata

la-noun

lēx lāta f sg (genitive lēgis lātae); third declension

lēx lāta (canonical feminine singular)
lēgis lātae (genitive)
lēx lāta (nominative singular)
lēgis lātae (genitive singular)
lēgī lātae (dative singular)
lēgem lātam (accusative singular)
lēge lātā (ablative singular)
lēx lāta (singular vocative)

Literally "the law borne", i.e. ratified. Compare lēgislātor (“one who makes laws”); literally, "bearer of the law".


riba

From Hausa r̃ìba, or Hausa r̃ībā̀ ultimately from Arabic رِبًا (riban) or Arabic رِبْح (ribḥ).


cloud on title

clouds on title (plural)
cloud of title (alternative)

"Although the laws of a State cannot affect the equity jurisdiction of the Circuit Courts, when the former afford rules as to what shall be deemed clouds on title, the Circuit Courts of equity, in the exercise of an ancient chancery jurisdiction, may remove such clouds."

1856, “Bayerque v. Cohen et al.”, in Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Districts of California, page 113:

"A cloud on title is an instrument which may be used vexatiously or injuriously against the owner of land, or which may cast suspicion on the validity of his title so as to render his land unsaleable at its full value."

1914, Eugene Allen Gilmore, William Charles Wermuth, Modern American Law, page 88:

"Clouds on title are usually revealed by a title search and may be removed from the record by a quitclaim deed or a quiet title proceeding initiated by the property owner."

2000, John W. Reilly, The Language of Real Estate, page 71:

(property law) An encumbrance or claim on a title (ownership) to real property sufficient to interfere with title transfer until the problem has been resolved.


裁判官

цайпаньгуань

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ pʰän⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ pʰuːn³³ kuːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻²² pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻²² pʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuã³³/

/t͡sʰai¹³⁻²² pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²³⁻³³ pʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ pʰän⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ pʰuːn³³ kuːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻²² pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻²² pʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuã³³/

/t͡sʰai¹³⁻²² pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²³⁻³³ pʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ kuã⁴⁴/


裁判所

ja-noun

裁(さい)判(ばん)所(しょ) • (saibansho) ^(←さいばんしよ (saibansyo)?)

裁判所 (canonical)
saibansho (romanization)
saibansyo (romanization)
さいばんしよ (hiragana historical)

[sa̠ibã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞]

Compound of 裁(さい)判(ばん) (saiban, “court”) + 所(しょ) (sho, “place”).

原裁判所

原裁判所 げんさいばんしょ


裁判

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ pʰän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ pʰuːn³³/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻²² pʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻²² pʰuã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰai¹³⁻²² pʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰuã¹¹/

/t͡sʰai²³⁻³³ pʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰuaŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ pʰän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ pʰuːn³³/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻²² pʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻²² pʰuã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰai¹³⁻²² pʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰai²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰuã¹¹/

/t͡sʰai²³⁻³³ pʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰuaŋ²¹³/


beroep

nl-noun

beroep n (plural beroepen, diminutive beroepje n)

beroepen (plural)
beroepje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: beroep

From Middle Dutch beroep. Equivalent to a deverbal from beroepen.

Hij tekende beroep aan tegen de uitspraak van de rechtbank.

He filed an appeal against the court's verdict.

Het beroep zal worden gehoord door een hogere rechtbank.

The appeal will be heard by a higher court.


lichaam

lichaam n (plural lichamen, diminutive lichaampje n)

lichamen (plural)
lichaampje (diminutive neuter)
ligchaam (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: liggaam

Negerhollands: lichaam, likam

→ Indonesian: badan (semantic loan)

From Middle Dutch lichame, lechame, from Old Dutch lichamo, from Proto-West Germanic *līkahamō, from Proto-Germanic *līkahamô (“body, bodily frame, corpse”), equivalent to lijk (“body, lich”) + haam (“covering, cover”).

compound

(law) legal body, organisation such as a corporation, association or assembly


annulment

en-noun

annulment (countable and uncountable, plural annulments)

Recorded since the 15th century (sense destruction); from Middle English anullement, partly from annullen (from Middle French annuller, from Latin annūllāre, from ad (“to”) + nūllus (“not any, nothing”) + verbal ending -āre) + -ment (“means to”) (from Latin -mentum) and partly from Middle French annullement. By surface analysis, annul + -ment.

(law) An invalidation of something, especially a legal contract.

(law, Catholicism) A legal (notably judicial) declaration that a marriage is invalid; the procedure leading to it.

анулиране

invalidation; declaration of something as being invalid


zaak

nl-noun

zaak f (plural zaken, diminutive zaakje n)

zaken (plural)
zaakje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: saake, saek

→ Caribbean Javanese: sag

From Middle Dutch sāke, from Old Dutch *saka, from Proto-West Germanic *saku, from Proto-Germanic *sakō.
Cognate with English sake, West Frisian saak (“cause; business”), Low German Saak, German Sache (“thing; matter; cause; legal cause”), Yiddish זאַך (zakh), Danish sag, Swedish and Norwegian sak, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌾𐍉 (sakjō, “dispute, argument”).


reversion

en-noun

reversion (countable and uncountable, plural reversions)

/ɹɪˈvɜːʒ(ə)n̩/

/ɹɪˈvɜːʃ(ə)n̩/

Borrowed into late Middle English from Old French reversion (modern réversion), from Latin reversio, from revertō. By surface analysis, revert + -sion.

Why nothing capital of my master's wardrobe has drop'd lately—but I could give you a mortgage on some of his winter Cloaths with equity of redemption before November or—you shall have the reversion—of the French velvet, or a post obit on the Blue and Silver—

1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, III.ii:

Each day too slew it’s^([sic]) thousands six or seven,
Till at the crowning carnage—Waterloo—
They threw their pens down in divine disgust,
The page was so besmeared with blood and dust. […]
(Here, Sathan’s sole good work deserves insertion—
’Tis, that he has both Generals in reversion).

1822, Lord Byron, The Vision of Judgement, stanza 6:

By the spring of 1972, however, Peking’s general anti-Japanese offensive was fading away in any case, and in mid-May the reversion of Okinawa to Japanese jurisdiction brought the Self-Defense Forces into the vicinity of the Tiao Yü T’ai (or Senkaku). Peking accordingly dropped the issue as suddenly as it had taken it up.

1975, Harold C. Hinton, “Japan: Power and Problems”, in Three and A Half Powers: The New Balance in Asia, Indiana University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 223:

(property law) The return of an estate to the donor or grantor after expiry of the grant.

(property law) An estate which has been returned in this manner.

(property law) The right of succeeding to an estate, or to another possession.


reversioner

(law) A person who possesses the reversion to an estate or office.


maat

nl-noun

maat m (plural maten or maats, diminutive maatje n)

maten (plural)
maats (plural)
maatje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: maat
→ English: maat

Berbice Creole Dutch: mati

Negerhollands: maat, maet

Skepi Creole Dutch: matte

→ Polish: mat

desctree

→ Sranan Tongo: mati (via the diminutive)
Aukan: mati
Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin: mati
→ Dutch: mattie
→ Kari'na: mati

From a borrowing of Middle Low German māt, māte, from Old Saxon *gimato, of West Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *gamatjô, itself from *ga- (“together”) + *matjô, from *matiz (“food”).
Cognate with Old High German gimazzo, English mate.

(law, business) partner (in a business venture)


vouwen

vouwen (infinitive)
vouwen (gerund neuter)
vouw (first-person present singular)
vouwde (first-person past singular)
vouwt (present second-person singular)
vouw (present second-person singular)
vouwde (past second-person singular)
vouwt (formal present second-person singular)
vouwde (formal past second-person singular)
vouwt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
vouwt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
vouwde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
vouwde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
vouwt (present singular third-person)
vouwde (past singular third-person)
vouwen (plural present)
vouwden (past plural)
vouwe (archaic present singular subjunctive)
vouwde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
vouwen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
vouwden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
vouw (imperative present singular)
vouwt (archaic imperative plural present)
vouwend (participle present)
gevouwen (participle past)

Afrikaans: vou

Berbice Creole Dutch: fau

Negerhollands: vouw

From Middle Dutch vouden, from Old Dutch *faldan, from Proto-West Germanic *falþan, from Proto-Germanic *falþaną.


presents

Know all men by these presents...

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Gerald R. Ford, President of the United States, pursuant to the pardon power conferred upon me by Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution, have granted and by these presents do grant a full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States which he, Richard Nixon, has committed or may have committed or taken part in during the period from July^([sic – meaning January]) 20, 1969 through August 9, 1974.

1974 September 8, Gerald R. Ford, 00:24 from the start, in Proclamation 4311, archived from the original on 2017-05-18, page 2:

(law) The contents of the present document: the one in which the word presents appears.


Gesellschaft

de-noun

Gesellschaft f (genitive Gesellschaft, plural Gesellschaften)

Gesellschaft (genitive)
Gesellschaften (plural)
Gesellschaft (nominative singular)
Gesellschaften (definite nominative plural)
Gesellschaft (genitive singular)
Gesellschaften (definite genitive plural)
Gesellschaft (dative singular)
Gesellschaften (dative definite plural)
Gesellschaft (accusative singular)
Gesellschaften (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German gesellescaft, from Old High German giselliscaft. Equivalent to Geselle + -schaft.
Cognate with Dutch gezelschap.

(law) company, corporation (collection of people and assets with a legal identity, which may or may not be separate from that of its members)


Buchstabe

Buchstabe m (weak, genitive Buchstabens or (less common) Buchstaben, plural Buchstaben)

Buchstabens (genitive)
Buchstaben (genitive uncommon)
Buchstaben (plural)
Buchstabe (nominative singular)
Buchstaben (definite nominative plural)
Buchstabens (genitive singular)
Buchstaben (genitive singular uncommon)
Buchstaben (definite genitive plural)
Buchstaben (dative singular)
Buchstaben (dative definite plural)
Buchstaben (accusative singular)
Buchstaben (accusative definite plural)
Buchstab (alternative archaic)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

From Middle High German buochstabe, from Old High German *buohstabo (“letter, writing”) (attested only as Old High German buohstab; > German Buchstab), from Proto-West Germanic *bōkstabō, from Proto-Germanic *bōkstabô, a variant of *bōkstabaz. Compare English bookstaff, bookstave.

inh

(law) letter (a division unit of a piece of law marked by letters)


idem sonans

Borrowed from Latin idem sonāns (“sounding the same”).

bor+

(law, of a name) Incorrectly spelled, but sufficiently correct to identify someone.


infangthief

/ˈɪnfæŋθiːf/

From Middle English infangthef, from Old English infangeneþēof (“infangthief”), from in- + fangen (“seized, taken”) + þēof (“thief”). See also infang.

inh

infang (alternative)
infangthef (alternative)
infangenthef (alternative)
infangentheof (alternative)

The wrought-iron gates (infangthief and outfangthief in heavy balls on the gate-posts) were open for their hard-breathing entry.

1964, Anthony Burgess, The Eve of St Venus:

in flagrante delicto
in flagrante delicto

(historical, law) A privilege of some feudal lords permitting them to execute summary judgment upon thieves captured within their estates, sometimes restricted to the lord's tenants or men and sometimes limited to those caught in flagrante delicto.


tales

From Latin plural of talis (“such (persons)”).

(law) A person available to fill vacancies in a jury.

(law) A book or register of people available to fill jury vacancies.

(law) A writ to summon people to court to fill vacancies in a jury.


levant

(law) Rising or having risen from rest; said of cattle.


sublet

en-verb

sublet (third-person singular simple present sublets, present participle subletting, simple past and past participle sublet)

sublets (present singular third-person)
subletting (participle present)
sublet (participle past)
sublet (past)

(transitive, property law) To grant a sublease out of property held under a lease.


sublet

(property law, real estate, informal) Synonym of sublease.


treating

en-noun

treating (countable and uncountable, plural treatings)

In the ensuing year [ 1804 ], in the Middlesex case, Mr. Mainwaring was charged with treating - by means of victuals supplied at an inn, at Brentford, by the order of persons proved to be his agents, and for which other persons, also proved to be his agents, had promised to pay.

1853, Samuel Warren, The Law and Practice of Election Committees: Being the Completion of A Manual of Parliamentary Election Law ..., London : Butterworths, page 522:

Where such a combination does not exist, any amount of bribery, treating, and intimidation may be carried on with perfect impunity

1853, George Francis Stewart ELLIOT (Hon.), Thoughts on the subject of bribery and corruption at elections, page 25:

He said the ballots were double-cast or cast from false addresses; false statements were made against Mr Biggs [John Biggs AM, candidate for Mayor of Tower Hamlets]; there was money that was given to organisations who were ineligible for organisations; treating took place, that is to say free food and drink was dished out to people to vote for Mr Rahman; and there was what is called spiritual influence - voters were told it was their religious duty to vote for Mr Rahman.

2015 May 21, Boris Johnson, “Mayor's Question Time - Elections in Tower Hamlets”, in Greater London Authority:

(UK and Commonwealth, law, uncountable) The electoral offence of offering an inducement such as food, drink or entertainment to a voter.


messuage

From Late Middle English mesuage, messuage (“dwelling house, residence; farmstead; household”), from Anglo-Norman mesuage, messuage (“residence; holding”), probably from Late Latin mesuagium, messuagium, probably ultimately from Latin mānsiō (“abode, dwelling, habitation, home”) or its etymon mānsus (“having remained or stayed”), the perfect passive participle of maneō (“to abide; to remain, stay”), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to remain, stay”).
Cognates
* Late Latin mansuagium
* Old French masuage (“property rented on an annual basis”)

cog

Dying intestate, Juan was sole heir / To a chancery suit, and messuages, and lands, / Which, with a long minority and care, / Promised to turn out well in proper hands: […]

1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto I, stanza XXXVII, page 21:

And be it further ordained and enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the Right and Title of the said Ecclesiastics of the Seminary of Saint Sulpice of Montreal, in and to all and singular the said Fiefs and Seigniories of the Island of Montreal, of the Lake of the Two Mountains, and of Saint Sulpice, and their several Dependencies, and in and to all Seigniorial and Feudal Rights, Privileges, Dues, and Duties arising out of and from the same, and in and to all and every the Domains, Lands, Reservations, Buildings, Messuages, Tenements, and Hereditaments within the said several Fiefs and Seigniories now held and possessed by them as Proprietors thereof, […] shall be and they are hereby confirmed and declared good, valid, and effectual in the Law; […]

1840 June 8, C[harles] Poulett Thomson, “An Ordinance to Incorporate the Ecclesiastics of the Seminary of Saint Sulpice of Montreal; […] [No. 164 of 1840]”, in Copy of Ordinances Passed by the Governor and Special Council of Lower Canada, in the Third and Fourth Years of the Reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria (Accounts and Papers, Parliament of the United Kingdom, House of Commons; 1841, session 1), volume XV, published 3 February 1841, →OCLC, pages 151–152:

She went—and in one month / They wedded her to sixty thousand pounds, / To lands in Kent and messuages in York, / And slight Sir Robert with his watery smile / And educated whisker.

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “[English Idyls and Other Poems. (Published 1842.)] Edwin Morris; or, The Lake”, in Poems, 8th edition, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1853, →OCLC, page 235:

Page 174, line 25. Perhaps the Richard Longebothome here mentioned was the same man as the Richard who herioted the property in 1509. Apr. 23, I Hen. VIII (1509). Ric. Longebothome paid xxiijˢ iiijᵈ [23s 4d] fine for license of herioting one messuage called Longebothome, one cottage, and 40 acres of land and meadow in Soureby after the death of Ric. Longebothome and Agnes, his wife, grandfather […]

1904, Halifax Wills: Being Abstracts and Translations of the Wills Registered at York from the Parish of Halifax, volume 2:

Matthias turned his lonely house into a mart where furniture, plate and titledeeds to fields and messuages could be brought, evaluated, and transferred to the hands of the primal twelve as administrators.

1985 September 1, Anthony Burgess, chapter 1, in The Kingdom of the Wicked, London: Allison & Busby, published 2009, →ISBN, page 74:

(chiefly law) Originally, a plot of land as the site for a dwelling house and its appurtenant interests; now, a dwelling house or residential building together with its outbuildings and assigned land.


moble

ca-adj

moble m or f (masculine and feminine plural mobles)

Inherited from Old Catalan moble, from Latin mobilem, used in juridical contexts to refer to movable possessions. Compare Occitan mòble, French meuble, Spanish mueble. Doublet of mòbil, a borrowing from Latin.

(economics, law) movable (of property, as opposed to real estate)


herbage

en-noun

herbage (usually uncountable, plural herbages)

From Middle English herbage, from Old French erbage, from Early Medieval Latin herbāticum, from Latin herba (“grass”). By surface analysis, herb + -age.

(law) The natural pasture of a land, considered as distinct from the land itself; hence, right of pasture (on another man's land).


time and a half

(law, business, human resources) A rate of pay 50% greater than normal, commonly used for overtime work.


time immemorial

time immemorial (usually uncountable, plural times immemorial)

(UK law, uncountable) Time before 6 July 1189.


dark figure

In exploring the dark figure of crime, the primary question is not how much of it becomes revealed but rather what will be the selective properties of any particular innovation for its illumination.

1977, US Congressional House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, Suspension of the National Crime Survey, page 15:

The dark figure concerning these criminal offences, is very high and the attitude towards reporting such cases is not constant.

1992, Hisao Katoh, Louise I. Shelley, Hisao Katō, Hans-Günther Heiland, Crime and Control in Comparative Perspectives, Walter de Gruyter, page 49:

By definition, they ignore the unreported “dark figure” of crime. We turn now to a second source of official crime data.

2000, Piers Beirne, James W. Messerschmidt, Criminology:

Arguing that the dark figure is larger, perhaps very large (“The cases we know about are just the tip of the iceberg!”), makes any estimate seem possible, even reasonable.

2012, Joel Best, Damned Lies and Statistics […] , University of California Press, →ISBN, page 37:

(criminology, statistics) The estimated number of unreported criminal cases.


disability

disability (countable and uncountable, plural disabilities)

disability
medical model of disability
social model of disability

(countable, law) Lack of legal qualification to do something; legal incapacity or incompetency.


cognovit

(law) An instrument in writing whereby a defendant in an action acknowledges a plaintiff's demand to be just.


outfangthief

From out- + fang + thief, formed—probably in Middle English [Term?]—after the model of infangthief, with the only Old English [Term?] attestation a spurious charter forged in the 1st half of the 12th century.

outfangthef (alternative)
outfangenthef (alternative)
utfangenthef (alternative)
utfangenethef (alternative)
utfangthief (alternative)
utfangethef (alternative)
utfangthef (alternative)

A grant of outfangthief imports the trial of those of his fee taken for felony in another precinct.

1822, John Comyns, Anthony Hammond, A Digest of the Laws of England, Butterworth & Son, page 328:

The addition of outfangandthef is much less usual [than infangthief]; it seems to have meant the right to try a man of the barony taken stealing outside the barony, if necessary repledging him to the barony court.

1990, David Maxwell Walker, A Legal History of Scotland, volume II, page 640:

(historical, law, properly, rare) A privilege of some feudal lords permitting them to execute summary judgment upon thieves (particularly their own tenants) captured outside their estates and to keep any chattels forfeited upon conviction.

But feudalism also contained another principle, and that was, that within his own territory each lord was absolute; his suzerain could not interfere with his jurisdiction; infangthief and outfangthief implied a very perfect and intelligible power of hanging and imprisoning as he pleased.

1845, John Henry Newman, Lives of the English Saints, ST Freemantle, p. 19

(historical, law, generally, rare) A privilege of some feudal lords permitting them to execute summary judgment upon all thieves captured within their estates, regardless of their origin.

(historical, law, rare, countable) A thief so captured and tried.


respite

respite (countable and uncountable, plural respites)

From Anglo-Norman and Old French respit (“rest”), from Latin respectus. Doublet of respect.

Thenne spake sir gawayn and sayd my lord Arthur I wold counceylle yow not to be ouer hasty but that ye wold putte it in respyte this Iugement of my lady the quene for many causes.
"Then spake Sir Gawaine, and said: My lord Arthur, I would counsel you not to be over-hasty, but that ye would put it in respite, this judgment of my lady the queen, for many causes."

1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XX, Chapter vii, leaf 404v:

The PACC Act [Post-Appeal Applications in Capital Cases Act] also amends the CPC [Criminal Procedure Code] to provide that a capital sentence may be carried out unless:[…]The President has ordered a respite.

2024 June 24, “Operationalisation of the Post-Appeal Applications in Capital Cases Act 2022”, in Ministry of Law (Singapore):

(law) A reprieve, especially from a sentence of death.

отсрочка

(law) reprieve, especially from a sentence of death

(law) The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury beyond the proper term.

odklad

(law) delay of appearance at court granted to a jury beyond the proper term


title deed

(law) A deed or similar document by which the title to property is conveyed between parties.

нотариален акт

deed by which the title to property is conveyed


enfeoff

en-verb

enfeoff (third-person singular simple present enfeoffs or (obsolete) enfeoffes, present participle enfeoffing, simple past and past participle enfeoffed)

enfeoffs (present singular third-person)
enfeoffes (obsolete present singular third-person)
enfeoffing (participle present)
enfeoffed (participle past)
enfeoffed (past)
enfeoff (infinitive)
enfeoff (first-person present singular)
enfeoffed (first-person past singular)
enfeoff (present second-person singular)
enfeoffest (archaic present second-person singular)
enfeoffed (past second-person singular)
enfeoffedst (archaic past second-person singular)
enfeoffs (present singular third-person)
enfeoffeth (archaic present singular third-person)
enfeoffed (past singular third-person)
enfeoff (plural present)
enfeoffed (past plural)
enfeoff (present subjunctive)
enfeoffed (past subjunctive)
enfeoff (imperative present)
enfeoffing (participle present)
enfeoffed (participle past)
infeff (alternative)
infeft (alternative)
infeoff (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-enfeoff.wav

From Late Middle English enfeffen (“to grant (property, rights, etc.) under the feudal system”) [and other forms], from Old French enfeffer, enfieffer (compare Anglo-Latin infeoffāre, Anglo-Norman enfeoffer), from en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’) + fief (“estate held by a person on condition of providing military service to a superior”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peku-, *peḱu- (“sheep”)). The English word is analysable as en- + feoff.

nb...

enfefe, enfeffe, enfeffee, infeof, infeoff

Suppose a man bargains to enfeoff me, as in our case here, and he afterwards enfeoffs another, and then he re-enters [i.e. on the first feoffee] and enfeoffs me, and the other ousts me. Now here the action of covenant may not be brought, because he has at last enfeoffed me according to his covenant, and yet the deceit remains upon which an action may be based. Wherefore it does not always follow that where there is a covenant the action of deceit will not lie.

[1442, William Paston, Justice of the Common Pleas, Shipton v. Dogge (No. 2); Doige’s Case (Y. B. Trinity 20 Hen. VI, folio 34, pl. 4; Selden Society volume 51, page 97); quoted in A[lfred] W[illiam] B[rian] Simpson, “The Action for Breach of Promise”, in A History of the Common Law of Contract: The Rise of the Action of Assumpsit, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, 1975, →ISBN, part II (The Action for Breach of Promise), page 257:

I have infeffed Richarde Pygot, sarjeaunt of the lawe, John Norton, knyght, John Pygott of Rypon, gentilman, and Sir Thomas Nobull, prest, in lands and tenements within the fraunchese of Rypon, [...]

[1466 April 29, “XXXV. The Will of Ranulph Pigot, Esq. of Clotherham. [...] Apr. 20, 1466 [Julian calendar]”, in James Raine, Jun., editor, Testamenta Eboracensia. A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York (The Publications of the Surtees Society; XLV), volume III, Durham, County Durham: Published for the Society by Andrews and Co., […]; London: Whittaker and Co., […], published 1865, →OCLC, page 158:

And all this he [Pope Pius V] doth to enfeoff the pope with that fulness of power wherunto he entitleth Peter.

1582, John Jewel, edited by Io[hn] Garbrand, A Viewe of a Seditious Bul sent into Englande, from Pius Quintus Bishop of Rome, Anno. 1569. […], London: Printed by R[alph] Newberie & H[enry] Bynneman, →OCLC; republished in Richard William Jelf, editor, The Works of John Jewel, D.D. Bishop of Salisbury. … In Eight Volumes, volume VII, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the University Press, 1848, →OCLC, page 242:

If a man hath iſſue two Daughters and grant a Rent charge out of his land to one of them and dyeth the Rent ſhall be apportioned, and if the Grantee in this caſe enfeoffeth another of her part of the land, yet the moity of the Rent remaineth iſſuing out of her ſiſters part, becauſe the part of the Grantee in the land by the diſcent was diſcharged of the Rent.

1628, Edw[ard] Coke, “Of Rents”, in The First Part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England. […], London: […] [Adam Islip] for the Societe of Stationers, →OCLC, book 2, chapter 12, section 224, folio 150, recto:

[I]n February 1648, in a letter to [Thomas] Fairfax's secretary, [Robert] Overton expresses pleasure that the king's servants have been removed and suggests that it would 'prove a happy privation if the Father would please to dispossess him of three transitory kingdoms to infeoff him in an eternal one'.

1648 February, Barbara Taft, “‘They that Persew Perfaction on Earth …’: The Political Progress of Robert Overton”, in Ian Gentles, John Morrill, Blair Worden, editors, Soldiers, Writers and Statesmen of the English Revolution, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1998, →ISBN, page 289:

And if a Man doth bargain with another to enfeoff him of certain Lands, and afterwards he enfeoffeth another Man, he with whom he made the Bargain, ſhall have a Writ of Diſceit.

1718, Anthony Fitz-Herbert [i.e., Anthony Fitzherbert], “Writ de Deceit”, in The New Natura Brevium of the Most Reverend Judge, Mr. Anthony Fitz-Herbert. […], 6th corrected edition, in the Savoy [London]: Printed by Eliz[abeth] Nutt, and R. Gosling, (assigns of Edw[ard] Sayer Esq;) for B. Lintott […], R. Gosling […]; and T. Ward […], →OCLC, page 217:

There paſſes this Seal alſo a Precept, which is called the Fourth Precept, directed to a Sheriff in that Part, for infefting in Lands holden of a ſubject Superior, after the three Precepts are run againſt him.

1734, Thomas Hope, John Spotiswood, “Numb[er] IV. The Method of Expeding Infeftments in Lands, Annualrents, Heritable Jurisdictions and Offices Holding of His Majesty, through the Whole Registers and Seals.”, in Practical Observations upon Divers Titles of the Law of Scotland, Commonly Called Hope’s Minor Practicks. […], Edinburgh: Printed and sold by A. Davison […], →OCLC, page 553:

Estate ſimple, called alſo fee ſimple, is where a man by deed indented, enfeoffes another in fee, reſerving to him and his heirs a yearly rent; with this proviſo, that if the rent be behind, &c., it ſhall be lawful for the feoffer and his heirs, to enter.

1738, E[phraim] Chambers, “ESTATE”, in Cyclopædia: Or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […] In Two Volumes, 2nd corrected and amended edition, volumes I (A–K), London: […] D[aniel] Midwinter [et al.], →OCLC, column 2:

The deed by which a fee is brought into existence, or by which the superior authorizes a person to hold lands of him as his vassal, and entitles the vassal to be put in personal possession of such lands, is called a Feu-charter. It consists in general of the following clauses. [...] 10. Precept of Sasine, by which the superior empowers the vassal to be infeft.

1847, John Hill Burton, “Constitution of Rights in Land”, in Manual of the Law of Scotland. … The Law of Private Rights and Obligations, 2nd enlarged edition, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, […]; London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., →OCLC, part II (The Various Classes of Property and Their Respective Tenures), section 3 (Feu-charter), page 54:

[T]he Zhou conquerors had attempted to control their vast new territories through "enfeoffing" relatives and allies in walled towns throughout their kingdom.

1990, Mark Edward Lewis, “The Warring State”, in Sanctioned Violence in Early China (SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture), Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, →ISBN, page 54:

Hereditary fiefs meant that the king could not refuse to enfeoff a legitimate, able-bodied heir, but renewal was still required for the successor to exercise any rights or functions associated with the fief.

2016, Peter H[amish] Wilson, “Kingship”, in The Holy Roman Empire: A Thousand Years of Europe’s History, London: Allen Lane, Penguin Books, →ISBN; Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire, 1st Harvard University Press edition, Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2016, →ISBN, part III (Governance), page 331:

(transitive, chiefly law, historical) To transfer a fief to, to endow with a fief; to put (a person) in legal possession of a freehold interest.


enfeoffment

en-noun

enfeoffment (countable and uncountable, plural enfeoffments)

(law, common law) The act or process of transferring possession and ownership of an estate in land.

infeudació

act or process of transferring possession of land

(law, common law) The property or estate so transferred.

(law, common law) The instrument or deed by which one obtains such property or estate.


livery

livery (countable and uncountable, plural liveries)

liveries (plural)
liveray (alternative)
liverie (alternative)

From Middle English livery, liveree, from Anglo-Norman liveree, from Old French livree. Compare modern French livrée.

(law) The delivery of property from one owner to the next.

(law) The writ by which property is obtained.


lex ferenda

la-noun

lēx ferenda f sg (genitive lēgis ferendae); third declension

lēx ferenda (canonical feminine singular)
lēgis ferendae (genitive)
lēx ferenda (nominative singular)
lēgis ferendae (genitive singular)
lēgī ferendae (dative singular)
lēgem ferendam (accusative singular)
lēge ferendā (ablative singular)
lēx ferenda (singular vocative)

Literally, "the law to be borne", as opposed to lēx lāta.


corruption of blood

The Congreſs shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or
Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

1787 September 17, Constitutional Convention, Constitution of the United States, Philadelphia, →OCLC, page 3:

(historical, law) The doctrine in English common law that someone attainted of felony or treason has corrupt blood and so cannot inherit property and has no legal heirs.


brevet

Portuguese: brevê, brevete


remise

From Anglo-Norman remis, Middle French remis, past participle of remettre (“to remit”); Middle French remise (noun), from feminine past participle of remettre (“to remit”).

(obsolete, law) A return or surrender of a claim, property etc.


reprise

From Middle English reprise (noun) and reprisen (verb), from Old French reprise, from reprendre. In some senses borrowed anew from Modern French reprise.

(law, in the plural) Deductions and duties paid yearly out of a manor and lands, as rent charge, pensions, annuities, etc.; also spelled reprizes.


abstract of title

en-noun

abstract of title (countable and uncountable, plural abstracts of title)

(law, real estate) An epitome of the evidences of ownership; the condensed history of title to a particular parcel of real estate, with encumbrances.


in re

From Latin in rē, literally meaning "in the matter [of]".

Various groups throughout the country are thinking in terms of having a counter-demonstration in re the Fundamentalists' March to Return Morality to America.

1979 December 29, Vern Hall-Smith, “Fundamentalists March”, in Gay Community News, volume 7, number 23, page 5:

(chiefly law) In the matter of; with regard to.


foreman

foremen (plural)
forman (alternative obsolete)

→ Gulf Arabic: فورمن (fōrman)

→ Burmese: ဖိုမင် (hpuimang)

From Middle English foremon, forman; equivalent to fore- + man. Compare West Frisian foarman, Dutch voorman, German Vormann, Danish formand, Swedish förman, Icelandic formaður.

(law) The member of a jury who presides over it and speaks on its behalf.


llamamiento

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

(law) bequest (of personal property), devise (of real property)


escheatment

(law) The process of transferring unclaimed or abandoned property to a state authority, especially when a person dies intestate.


chambers

From chamber + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum and regular plurals of nouns, and the third-person singular simple present indicative forms of verbs).

suffix

Chiefly in in chambers: a judge's private office which is used for hearings that do not need to be held in open court.

tuomarin toimisto

judge’s private office which is used for hearings that do not need to be held in open court

[B]e you mannerly to her, becauſe you are to pretend only to be her Squire, to arm her to her Lavvyers Chambers; but I vvill be impudent and baudy, for ſhe muſt love and marry me.

1676 December 11 (first performance), [William] Wycherley, The Plain-Dealer. A Comedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for James Magnes and Rich[ard] Bentley […], published 1677, →OCLC, Act II, page 32:

[…] I dismissed my coach at the gate, and tripped it down to my counsel's chambers; for lawyer's fees take up too much of a small disputed jointure to admit any other expenses but mere necessaries.

1712 July 1 (Gregorian calendar), [Thomas Tickell], “FRIDAY, June 20, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 410; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 25:

They rapped violently at the door of his [Samuel Johnson's] chambers in the Temple, till at laſt he appeared in his ſhirt, vvith his little black vvig on the top of his head, inſtead of a nightcap, and a poker in his hand, imagining, probably, that ſome ruffians vvere coming to attack him.

1791, James Boswell, “[1752]”, in James Boswell, editor, The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. […], volume I, London: […] Henry Baldwin, for Charles Dilly, […], →OCLC, page 134:

Nevertheless, these venerable Inns which have the Lamb and Flag and the Winged Horse for their ensigns, have attractions for persons who inhabit them, and a share of the rough comforts and freedom, which men always remember with pleasure. I don't know whether the student of law permits himself the refreshment of enthusiasm, or indulges in poetical reminiscences as he passes by historical chambers, […] but the man of letters can't but love the place which has been inhabited by so many of his brethren, […] old Samuel Johnson rolling through the fog with the Scotch gentleman [James Boswell] at his heels on their way to Dr. [Oliver] Goldsmith's chambers in Brick Court; […]

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, “The Knights of the Temple”, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC, page 290:

To be well in chambers is melancholy, and lonely and selfish enough; but to be ill in chambers— […] —this, indeed, is a fate so dismal and tragic, that we shall not enlarge upon its horrors, and shall only heartily pity those bachelors in the Temple, who brave it every day.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Which Had Nearly Been the Last of the Story”, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume II, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC, page 120:

(British) Originally, a set of rooms at an Inn of Court used by one or more barristers as an office and residence; now, the office of one or more barristers in any building.

asianajajan toimisto

originally, a set of rooms at an Inn of Court used by one or more barristers as an office and residence; now, the office of one or more barristers in any building


mover

pt-verb

mover (first-person singular present movo, first-person singular preterite movi, past participle movido)

movo (first-person present singular)
movi (first-person preterite singular)
movido (participle past)
mover (impersonal infinitive)
mover (first-person infinitive singular)
moveres (infinitive second-person singular)
mover (infinitive singular third-person)
movermos (first-person infinitive plural)
moverdes (infinitive plural second-person)
moverem (infinitive plural third-person)
movendo (gerund)
movido (masculine participle past singular)
movidos (masculine participle past plural)
movida (feminine participle past singular)
movidas (feminine participle past plural)
movo (first-person indicative present singular)
moves (indicative present second-person singular)
move (indicative present singular third-person)
movemos (first-person indicative plural present)
moveis (indicative plural present second-person)
movem (indicative plural present third-person)
movia (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
movias (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
movia (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
movíamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
movíeis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
moviam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
movi (first-person indicative preterite singular)
moveste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
moveu (indicative preterite singular third-person)
movemos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
movestes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
moveram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
movera (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
moveras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
movera (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
movêramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
movêreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
moveram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
moverei (first-person future indicative singular)
moverás (future indicative second-person singular)
moverá (future indicative singular third-person)
moveremos (first-person future indicative plural)
movereis (future indicative plural second-person)
moverão (future indicative plural third-person)
moveria (conditional first-person singular)
moverias (conditional second-person singular)
moveria (conditional singular third-person)
moveríamos (conditional first-person plural)
moveríeis (conditional plural second-person)
moveriam (conditional plural third-person)
mova (first-person present singular subjunctive)
movas (present second-person singular subjunctive)
mova (present singular subjunctive third-person)
movamos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
movais (plural present second-person subjunctive)
movam (plural present subjunctive third-person)
movesse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
movesses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
movesse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
movêssemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
movêsseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
movessem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mover (first-person future singular subjunctive)
moveres (future second-person singular subjunctive)
mover (future singular subjunctive third-person)
movermos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
moverdes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
moverem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
move (imperative second-person singular)
mova (imperative singular third-person)
movamos (first-person imperative plural)
movei (imperative plural second-person)
movam (imperative plural third-person)
não movas (imperative negative second-person singular)
não mova (imperative negative singular third-person)
não movamos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não movais (imperative negative plural second-person)
não movam (imperative negative plural third-person)

From Old Galician-Portuguese mover, from Latin movēre. Compare Spanish mover, French mouvoir.

João moveu uma ação contra Pedro.

(law, with contra following the object) to sue (file legal action)


solicitation

en-noun

solicitation (countable and uncountable, plural solicitations)

/səˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃən/

From Middle French sollicitation, from Latin sollicitātiō.

(US, law) an inchoate offense that consists of a person offering money or inducing another to commit a crime with the specific intent that the person solicited commit the crime


immunity

immunity (countable and uncountable, plural immunities)

From Middle English immunite, from Old French immunité, from Latin immūnitās, in the legal sense; for the medical use see immunization.

Feudal privileges often included tax and other immunities.

(uncountable) The state of being insusceptible to something; notably:

(law) An exemption from specified duties, such as payments or services.

The prosecutor offered the lieutenant immunity for all the crimes he would testify having known to be planned by the elusive drug baron.


conveyance

conveyance (countable and uncountable, plural conveyances)

conveyances (plural)
conveyaunce (alternative)

(law) An instrument transferring title of an object from one person or group of persons to another.


conveyance

en-verb

conveyance (third-person singular simple present conveyances, present participle conveyancing, simple past and past participle conveyanced)

conveyances (present singular third-person)
conveyancing (participle present)
conveyanced (participle past)
conveyanced (past)
conveyaunce (alternative)

(law, transitive) To transfer (the title) of an object from one person or group of persons to another.


rule on

rule on (third-person singular simple present rules on, present participle ruling on, simple past and past participle ruled on)

rules on (present singular third-person)
ruling on (participle present)
ruled on (participle past)
ruled on (past)

The judge hasn't ruled on the case yet.

(law, transitive) To make a decision in an official capacity regarding some matter.


irritant

From French irritant, equivalent to irritate + -ant.

The states elected Harry, Duke of Anjou, for their king, with this clause irritant; that, if he did violate any part of his oath, the people should owe him no allegiance.

1603, Hayward, An Answer to the first part of a certaine conference concerning succession:

(law, Scotland) Rendering null and void; conditionally invalidating.


lis pendens

From Latin lis (“dispute”) + pendens (“pending”).

(law) A notice of pending litigation against a property.


renunciation

en-noun

renunciation (countable and uncountable, plural renunciations)

From Latin renūntiātiō. Compare renounce.

(law) The act by which a person abandons a right acquired, but without transferring it to another.

verzaking

the act by which a person abandons a right acquired, but without transferring it to another


mutuum

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin mūtuum (“loan”), neuter substantive of mūtuus (“borrowed, lent”).

(Roman law, civil law) A loan of a fungible thing to be restored by a similar thing of the same kind, quantity, and quality.


disapply

en-verb

disapply (third-person singular simple present disapplies, present participle disapplying, simple past and past participle disapplied)

disapplies (present singular third-person)
disapplying (participle present)
disapplied (participle past)
disapplied (past)

If we were to accept Amendment No. 144D, the effect of that would be to disapply the definition from properties that are not yet on the market.

2004 October 19, House of Lords Hansard for 19 Oct 2004, pt 5:

Article 4 does not require Italy to disapply its domestic legislation governing the sale of insect repellent products on the ground that, in another Member State, Germany in this instance, their marketing is not subject to any authorisation or registration.

2004 February 12, Opinion of Advocate General Ruiz-Jarabo, Court of Justice of the European Communities, in Case C-443/02, point 54:

The hard-right New Conservatives grouping demanded that Sunak’s new legislation “must disapply the Human Rights Act”, while the former home secretary Suella Braverman, who was sacked by Sunak last week, said the new bill must exclude all avenues of legal challenge.

2023 November 19, Rajeev Syal, “Sunak could block Human Rights Act to force through Rwanda asylum plan”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(transitive, law) To decline to apply a rule or law that previously applied


constructive

en-adj

constructive (comparative more constructive, superlative most constructive)

more constructive (comparative)
most constructive (superlative)

From Middle French constructif.
Morphologically construct + -ive.

constructive dismissal

constructive notice

constructive trust

(law) Deemed after the fact to exist or to have occurred, despite the formal process not having been followed; often when there was no intention to do so at the time.


commentator

commentators (plural)
commentatour (alternative)

In form, from Middle English commentator, from Latin commentātor (“author, inventor, interpreter, jailer”), from commentātus + -or (“-er: forming agent nouns”), from commentāri (“to ponder, to study, to write upon”), from comminīscor (“to think over, to invent”) + -tārī (“to frequently be ~ed”). In meaning, influenced by comment and commentary.

der

It would be well into the fourteenth century before the commentators came into their own.

2009, Randall Lesaffer, European Legal History: A Cultural and Political Perspective, →ISBN, page 257:

A person who makes a commentary, particularly

(law) A person who compiles explanations of the law, particularly (historical) comparatively innovative European jurists in the 14th century, as opposed to earlier glossators.


chapeau

Borrowed from Middle French chappeau. The interjection is after Modern French chapeau in similar use, originally short for chapeau bas.

(law) The text at the start of a numbered section of a legal document that appears directly beside the section number, ahead of any numbered subsections.


chapeau

Antillean Creole: chapo

→ Chinook Jargon: siyáputl, siyápo

→ Quileute: tsiyá·pos

→ Choctaw: shʋpo, shapo

→ Galician: chapeu

→ German: Chapeau

→ Hausa: shàpô

desc

→ Hebrew: שָׁאפּוֹ

→ Hebrew: שָׁאפּוֹ

→ Iberian:

Catalan: xapó

Galician: chapeu

desctree

Portuguese: chapéu; (obsolete) chapeo
→ Ambonese Malay: capeu
→ Guajajára: zapew
→ Konkani: चेपें (cepẽ)
→ Ladino: chapeo
→ Manado Malay: capeo (“hat”)
→ Swahili: chepeo

Spanish: chapeo

→ Jeju: 사포 (sapo)

→ Narragansett: shapú

Inherited from Middle French chappeau m, from Old French chapel m, from Early Medieval Latin cappellus m, diminutive from Late Latin cappa f. The interjection was originally short for chapeau bas.


immaterial

en-adj

immaterial (comparative more immaterial, superlative most immaterial)

more immaterial (comparative)
most immaterial (superlative)

/ˌɪ.məˈtɪə.ɹɪ.əl/

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English immaterial, inmateriall (“incorporeal; spiritual”), from Middle French immateriel (“not material”) (modern French immatériel), and from its etymon Medieval Latin immāteriālis (“not material”), from Latin im- (a variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘not’)) + māteriālis (“made of matter, material”) (from māteria (“matter, substance, material”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“to arrange, put together; to build (up)”)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)). The English word is analysable as im- + material.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

der

Objection, your Honour! The defendant’s criminal record is immaterial to this case.

He was perpetually at her side, trying, apparently, to preserve the thread of a disconnected talk, the fate of which was, to judge by her face, profoundly immaterial to the young lady.

1875 January–December, Henry James, Jr., “Christina”, in Roderick Hudson, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., published 1876, →OCLC, page 178:

(chiefly law) Especially of evidence; chiefly followed by to: not associated in any way that is important or useful to the context being discussed; irrelevant.


culpa

Every actual delict presupposes a dolus or culpa, with the concomitant consciousness and prepense

1849, James G. Butler, A Summary of the Roman Civil Law:

(law) Negligence or fault, as distinguishable from dolus (deceit, fraud), which implies intent, culpa being imputable to defect of intellect, dolus to defect of heart.


dictar

es-verb

dictar (first-person singular present dicto, first-person singular preterite dicté, past participle dictado)

dicto (first-person present singular)
dicté (first-person preterite singular)
dictado (participle past)
dictar (infinitive)
dictando (gerund)
dictado (masculine participle past singular)
dictada (feminine participle past singular)
dictados (masculine participle past plural)
dictadas (feminine participle past plural)
dicto (first-person indicative present singular)
dictas (indicative informal present second-person singular)
dictás (indicative informal present second-person singular vos-form)
dicta (indicative present singular third-person)
dictamos (first-person indicative plural present)
dictáis (indicative plural present second-person)
dictan (indicative plural present third-person)
dictaba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dictabas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dictaba (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dictábamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dictabais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dictaban (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dicté (first-person indicative preterite singular)
dictaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
dictó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
dictamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
dictasteis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
dictaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
dictaré (first-person future indicative singular)
dictarás (future indicative second-person singular)
dictará (future indicative singular third-person)
dictaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
dictaréis (future indicative plural second-person)
dictarán (future indicative plural third-person)
dictaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
dictarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
dictaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
dictaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
dictaríais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
dictarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
dicte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dictes (informal present second-person singular subjunctive)
dictés (informal present second-person singular subjunctive vos-form)
dicte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
dictemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dictéis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dicten (plural present subjunctive third-person)
dictara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dictaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dictara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dictáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dictarais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dictaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dictase (first-person imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive)
dictases (imperfect imperfect-se second-person singular subjunctive)
dictase (imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive third-person)
dictásemos (first-person imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive)
dictaseis (imperfect imperfect-se plural second-person subjunctive)
dictasen (imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive third-person)
dictare (first-person future singular subjunctive)
dictares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
dictare (future singular subjunctive third-person)
dictáremos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
dictareis (future plural second-person subjunctive)
dictaren (future plural subjunctive third-person)
dicta (imperative informal second-person singular)
dictá (imperative informal second-person singular vos-form)
dicte (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
dicte (imperative singular third-person)
dictemos (first-person imperative plural)
dictad (imperative plural second-person)
dicten (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
dicten (imperative plural third-person)
dictes (imperative negative second-person singular)
dicte (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
dicte (imperative negative singular third-person)
dictemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
dictéis (imperative negative plural second-person)
dicten (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
dicten (imperative negative plural third-person)
dictarme (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
dictarte (combined-form dative infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
dictarle (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
dictarse (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
dictarnos (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
dictaros (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
dictarles (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
dictarse (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
dictarme (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
dictarte (accusative combined-form infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
dictarlo (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
dictarla (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
dictarse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
dictarnos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
dictaros (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
dictarlos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
dictarlas (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
dictarse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
dictándome (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-singular)
dictándote (combined-form dative gerund object-second-person object-singular)
dictándole (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
dictándose (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
dictándonos (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-plural)
dictándoos (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-second-person)
dictándoles (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
dictándose (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
dictándome (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-singular)
dictándote (accusative combined-form gerund object-second-person object-singular)
dictándolo (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
dictándola (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
dictándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
dictándonos (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-plural)
dictándoos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-second-person)
dictándolos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
dictándolas (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
dictándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
díctame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
díctate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
díctale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
díctanos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
díctales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
díctame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
díctate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
díctalo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
díctala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
díctanos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
díctalos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
díctalas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
dictame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
dictate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
dictale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
dictanos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
dictales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
dictame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
dictate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
dictalo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
dictala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
dictanos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
dictalos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
dictalas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
dícteme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
díctele (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
díctese (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
díctenos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
dícteles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
dícteme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
díctelo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
díctela (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
díctese (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
díctenos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
díctelos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
díctelas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
dictémoste (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
dictémosle (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
dictémonos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
dictémoos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
dictémosles (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
dictémoste (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
dictémoslo (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
dictémosla (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
dictémonos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
dictémoos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
dictémoslos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
dictémoslas (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
dictadme (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
dictadle (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
dictadnos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
dictaos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
dictadles (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
dictadme (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
dictadlo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
dictadla (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
dictadnos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
dictaos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
dictadlos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
dictadlas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
díctenme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
díctenle (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
díctennos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
díctenles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
díctense (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
díctenme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
díctenlo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
díctenla (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
díctennos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
díctenlos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
díctenlas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
díctense (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)

[d̪iɣ̞ˈt̪aɾ]

dictar la ley

dictar la sentence

El rey de armas se encogió de hombros, y sin atreverse ya a contrarrestar la voluntad poderosa del almogávar, comenzó a dictar la sentencia, aunque no sin dudar y balbucir, y detenerse como quien obra de mala gana.

1854, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, La campana de Huesca:

The King of Arms shrugged his shoulders, and not daring to counteract the mighty will of the almogavar, began to lay down the sentence, not without spluttering and pausing like a reticent worker.

Asimismo, ha dictado Estados de Excepción (restricción de derechos políticos y militarización) en estados fronterizos que pudiera afectar cerca de 38 diputados a elegir, todo lo cual perturba el escenario electoral.

2015 September 29, “Latinoamérica, tres procesos. ¿Cuántos líderes?”, in El País:

Likewise, it has passed States of Exception (restrictions of political rights and militarization) in border states which could affect the voting of nearly 38 representatives, all of which disturbs the electoral scene.

2015 October 8, “El Supremo dicta la inviolabilidad del dormitorio de los soldados”, in El País:

The Supreme Court lays down the inviolability of the soldiers' dormitory

No sólo basta la licitud de la acción política para que sea acatada por los subordinados; es decir, que sea dictada o ejercida bajo determinadas normas legales sino que tenga un reconocimiento por parte de los ciudadanos como justa, razonable y equitativa.

2016 January, “Venezuela: La ilegitimidad política”, in El Nacional:

It's not enough that a political act simply be legal for subordinates to comply with it; that is, it can't just be be dictated or exercised under certain legal norms but also must be recognized by the citizens as just, reasonable, and equitable.


prosecutor

/ˈpɹɑ.səˌkjuːˌtəɹ/

1590s, from Medieval Latin prosecutor, from prōsequor (English prosecute). By surface analysis, prosecute + -or.

prokuror

a person instituting criminal prosecution

The prosecutor got the witness to admit he was lying.

(law) A person, as a complainant, victim, or chief witness, who institutes prosecution in a criminal proceeding.


appellant

From Anglo-Norman, from Old French apelant.

appellant jurisdiction.

1827, Henry Hallam, The Constitutional History of England from the Accession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

(law) of or relating to appeals; appellate


appellant

appellants (plural)
appellaunt (alternative obsolete)

The appellant made her submissions to the court.

(law) a litigant or party that is making an appeal in court


appellant

mt-noun

appellant m (plural appellanti, feminine appellanta)

appellanti (plural)
appellanta (feminine)


appellant

mt-adjective

appellant (feminine singular appellanta, plural appellanti)

appellanta (feminine singular)
appellanti (plural)


mémoire

Haitian Creole: memwa

→ English: memoir

Ils statuent en dernier ressort, sur défenses verbales, ou sur simple mémoire, sans procédures et sans frais.

1793, National Convention, Acte constitutionnel [Constitutional Act], Paris: Imprimerie de P. L. Siret, page 13:

They, in the last resort, rule upon oral defences, or upon [a] mere brief, without procedures and without charges.


community owned

For over seventy years, community owned rural telephony networks have flourished in the USA and about 1,000 exist today.

(law) of assets or organisations: owned and controlled through some representative mechanism that allows a community to influence their operation or use and to enjoy the benefits arising.


nedbalost

nedbalost (nominative singular)
nedbalosti (nominative plural)
nedbalosti (genitive singular)
nedbalostí (genitive plural)
nedbalosti (dative singular)
nedbalostem (dative plural)
nedbalost (accusative singular)
nedbalosti (accusative plural)
nedbalosti (singular vocative)
nedbalosti (plural vocative)
nedbalosti (locative singular)
nedbalostech (locative plural)
nedbalostí (instrumental singular)
nedbalostmi (instrumental plural)


praecipe

praecipes (plural)
præcipe (alternative)

From Middle English presepe, from Latin praecipe, imperative of praecipere (“to give rules or precepts”). See precept.

(law) A writ demanding action, or requiring a reason for neglecting it.

(law) A request to a court to issue process.


sentential

(linguistics, law, philosophy) Relating to a sentence.


envoy

From French envoyé (“envoy, messenger”), from envoyer (“send”).

(law) A diplomatic agent of the second rank, next in status after an ambassador.


executrix

en-noun

executrix (plural executrices or executrixes)

executrices (plural)
executrixes (plural)
execx (alternative)
exrx (alternative)
exx (alternative)
Ex'x (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-executrix.wav

From Middle English executrice, executrix, from Anglo-Norman and Medieval Latin execūtrīx. By surface analysis, execute + -trix.

‘That would be difficult, you know, Chettam, as she is an executrix, and she likes to go into these things—property, land, that kind of thing.’

1871–1872, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter 49, in Middlemarch […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book V, page 100:

His widow, Painter Georgia O'Keeffe, has carried on his educational work as executrix of his will by dividing Stieglitz' brilliant art collection and his own even more brilliant photographs among six widely spaced institutions […].

1949 November 14, “Art: Many Ways”, in Time, archived from the original on 2016-03-07:

One summer afternoon Mrs Oedipa Maas came home from a Tupperware party whose hostess had put perhaps too much kirsch in the fondue to find that she, Oedipa, had been named executor, or she supposed executrix, of the estate of one Pierce Inverarity […].

1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 1:

James A. H. Murray
w:James Murray (lexicographer)

Oxford English Dictionary
w:Oxford English Dictionary

Clarendon Press
w:Oxford University Press

(chiefly law) A female executor; a woman appointed to execute a will.


rack rent

rack rent (countable and uncountable, plural rack rents)

rack rents (plural)
rack-rent (alternative)
rackrent (alternative)

(law, formal) The full rental value of a property, including both land and improvements, if it were subject to an immediate open market rent review.


embezzle

en-verb

embezzle (third-person singular simple present embezzles, present participle embezzling, simple past and past participle embezzled)

embezzles (present singular third-person)
embezzling (participle present)
embezzled (participle past)
embezzled (past)

From Middle English embesilen, from Anglo-Norman embesiler, embesillier, embeseillier (“to steal, cause to disappear”), from em- + Old French besillier (“to torment, destroy, gouge”), of unknown origin.

der

You waste your education in burglary. You should do one of two things. Either you should forge or you should embezzle. For my own part, I embezzle.

1903, H. G. Wells, “Mr. Ledbetter's Vacation”, in Twelve Stories and a Dream:

You let Dunsey have it, sir? And how long have you been so thick with Dunsey that you must collogue with him to embezzle my money?

1861, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:

(law, business) To steal or misappropriate money that one has been trusted with, especially to steal money from the organisation for which one works.

غَلَّ

to steal money that one has been trusted with

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