acusar

ca-verb

acusar (first-person singular present acuso, first-person singular preterite acusí, past participle acusat)

acuso (first-person present singular)
acusí (first-person preterite singular)
acusat (participle past)
acusar (infinitive)
acusant (gerund)
acusat (masculine participle past singular)
acusada (feminine participle past singular)
acusats (masculine participle past plural)
acusades (feminine participle past plural)
acuso (first-person indicative present singular)
acuses (indicative present second-person singular)
acusa (indicative present singular third-person)
acusem (first-person indicative plural present)
acuseu (indicative plural present second-person)
acusen (indicative plural present third-person)
acusava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
acusaves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
acusava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
acusàvem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
acusàveu (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
acusaven (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
acusaré (first-person future indicative singular)
acusaràs (future indicative second-person singular)
acusarà (future indicative singular third-person)
acusarem (first-person future indicative plural)
acusareu (future indicative plural second-person)
acusaran (future indicative plural third-person)
acusí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
acusares (indicative preterite second-person singular)
acusà (indicative preterite singular third-person)
acusàrem (first-person indicative plural preterite)
acusàreu (indicative plural preterite second-person)
acusaren (indicative plural preterite third-person)
acusaria (conditional first-person indicative singular)
acusaries (conditional indicative second-person singular)
acusaria (conditional indicative singular third-person)
acusaríem (conditional first-person indicative plural)
acusaríeu (conditional indicative plural second-person)
acusarien (conditional indicative plural third-person)
acusi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
acusis (present second-person singular subjunctive)
acusi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
acusem (first-person plural present subjunctive)
acuseu (plural present second-person subjunctive)
acusin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
acusés (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
acusessis (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
acusés (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
acuséssim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
acuséssiu (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
acusessin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
acusa (imperative second-person)
acusi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular)
acusem (first-person imperative plural)
acuseu (imperative plural second-person)
acusin (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically)
no acusis (imperative negative second-person)
no acusi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular)
no acusem (first-person imperative negative plural)
no acuseu (imperative negative plural second-person)
no acusin (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically)

Learned borrowing from Latin accūsāre. First attested in the 13th century.

(transitive, law) to prosecute (to take criminal action)


will

wills (plural)
wille (alternative obsolete)

→ Bengali: উইল (uil)

From Middle English wille, from Old English willa (compare verb willian), from Proto-Germanic *wiljô (“desire, will”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”). Cognate with Dutch wil, German Wille, Swedish vilja, Norwegian vilje.

der

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

“Uncle Barnaby was always father and mother to me,” Benson broke in; then after a pause his mind flew off at a tangent. “Is old Hannah all right—in the will, I mean?”

1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 1, in Well Tackled!:

(law) A formal declaration of one's intent concerning the disposal of one's property and holdings after death; the legal document stating such wishes.


ordinary

ordinaries (plural)
ordinarie (alternative obsolete)

/ˈɔɹdɪnɛ(ə)ɹi/

From Anglo-Norman ordenarie, ordenaire et al., Middle French ordinaire, and their source, Medieval Latin ordinarius, noun use of Latin ōrdinārius (“regular, orderly”), from ōrdō (“order”).

A person with authority; authority, ordinance.

(ecclesiastical, law) A person having immediate jurisdiction in a given case of ecclesiastical law, such as the bishop within a diocese.

(law) A judge with the authority to deal with cases himself or herself rather than by delegation.


ordinary

en-adj

ordinary (comparative more ordinary, superlative most ordinary)

more ordinary (comparative)
most ordinary (superlative)
ordinarie (alternative obsolete)

extraordinary

antonym(s) of “having no special characteristics”

/ˈɔɹdɪnɛ(ə)ɹi/

(law, of a judge) Having regular jurisdiction; now only used in certain phrases.


condemn

en-verb

condemn (third-person singular simple present condemns, present participle condemning, simple past and past participle condemned)

condemns (present singular third-person)
condemning (participle present)
condemned (participle past)
condemned (past)

From Middle English condempnen, from Old French condamner, from Latin condemnāre (“to sentence, condemn, blame”), from com- + damnāre (“to harm, condemn, damn”), from damnum (“damage, injury, loss”). Displaced native Middle English fordemen (from Old English fordeman (“condemn, sentence, doom”) > Modern English fordeem.

cog

(transitive) To declare something to be unfit for use, or further use.

(transitive, law) To declare (a vessel) to be unfit for service.

todeta merikelvottomaksi

to declare a vessel forfeited or unfit for service

(transitive, law) To declare (a vessel) to be forfeited to the government or to be a prize.


protestant

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-protestant.wav

See Protestant. The legal sense either has the same source or is simply protest + -ant.

These are too mean parts of the pageant: and you don't hear widows' cries or mothers' sobs in the midst of the shouts and jubilation in the great Chorus of Victory. And yet when was the time that such have not cried out: heart-broken, humble protestants, unheard in the uproar of the triumph!

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

1915 November 3, decision in the case of the State of New Mexico v. Garrett, published in 1916 among the Decisions of the Department of the Interior in Cases Relating to Public Lands, volume 44 (edited by George J Hesselman), page 490: In the case of Hyacinthe Villeneuve a homestead entry had been allowed upon a tract of land that had been patented to the Santa Fe Railroad Company, whose grantees had expressed a willingness to reconvey in order that effect might be given to the equities of the homesteader, whereas in the present case the State stands in the position of a protestant.

(chiefly law) One who protests; a protester.


strange

en-adj

strange (comparative stranger, superlative strangest)

stranger (comparative)
strangest (superlative)

From Middle English straunge, strange, stronge, from Old French estrange, from Latin extrāneus (“that which is on the outside”). Doublet of extraneous and estrange. Cognate with French étrange (“strange, foreign”) and Spanish extraño (“strange, foreign”). Largely displaced native selcouth and uncouth, from Old English seldcūþ and uncūþ.


quash

en-verb

quash (third-person singular simple present quashes, present participle quashing, simple past and past participle quashed)

quashes (present singular third-person)
quashing (participle present)
quashed (participle past)
quashed (past)

From Middle English quaschen, quasshen, cwessen, quassen, from Old French quasser, from Latin quassāre, under the influence of cassō (“to annul”), from Latin quatiō (“I shake”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁t- (“to shake”) (same root for the English words: pasta, paste, pastiche, pastry). Cognate with Dutch kwetsen (“to hurt, injure”), German quetschen (“to crush, squash”), Spanish quejar (“to complain”).

qual

In the case of an appeal against conviction the Court shall, if they allow the appeal, quash the conviction.

1968, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Section 2(2)”, in Criminal Appeal Act 1968^(Criminal Appeal Act 1968), page 2:

(law) To void or suppress (a subpoena, decision, etc.).

отменям

to void or suppress (a subpoena, decision)


toro

Learned borrowing from Classical Latin torus.

lbor

(literary, law, obsolete) marriage bed
(loosely, rare) bed

(literary, law, obsolete) marriage bed
(figurative, rare) bed of torment

(law, obsolete) right to marital fidelity


LLC

In the context of LLC formation, your home state is the state where you originally registered (i.e., the domestic LLC). In general, LLCs are governed by the laws of their home states. So, for example, you can refer to your home state’s laws to resolve issues related to the internal affairs of your business.

2023 November 15, Kelsie Anderson, Jason Cother, Kristen Coates, “5 best states to form an LLC in 2024”, in CNN:

Limited Liability Company
limited liability company#English

(business, law, US) Initialism of Limited Liability Company.


limited liability company

en-noun

limited liability company (plural limited liability companies)

incorporated company
incorporated company

(law) A type or form of for-profit incorporated company where ownership is divided into shares, and where the governing rules are set forth in a contract entered into by all of the initial shareholders. The name derives from the fact that regardless of potential losses or even bankruptcy of the corporation, individual shareholders will bear a maximum liability of the price they paid for their shares.

սահմանափակն պատասխանատվությամբ ընկերություն

besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid

有限責任会社

ゆうげんせきにんがいしゃ

óbščestvo s ograníčennoj otvétstvennostʹju

о́бщество с ограни́ченной отве́тственностью


proctor

proctors (plural)
proctour (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Middle English procatour, contraction of procuratour; compare proxy. Doublet of procurator.

(British, law) A legal practitioner in ecclesiastical and some other courts.


privacy

privacy (countable and uncountable, plural privacies)

(obsolete, law) A relationship between parties seen as being a result of their mutual interest or participation in a given transaction, contract etc.


banal

fr-adj

banal (feminine banale, masculine plural banals or banaux, feminine plural banales)

banale (feminine)
banals (masculine plural)
banaux (masculine plural)
banales (feminine plural)

→ Belarusian: бана́льны (banálʹny)

→ Catalan: banal

desctree

→ Dutch: banaal
→ Indonesian: banal
→ Malay: banal

→ English: banal

→ German: banal

→ Polish: banalny

→ Portuguese: banal

→ Romanian: banal

→ Russian: бана́льный (banálʹnyj)
→ Georgian: ბანალური (banaluri)

→ Spanish: banal

→ Turkish: banal

→ Ukrainian: бана́льний (banálʹnyj)

→ Macedonian: банално (banalno)

From ban + -al, related to Medieval Latin bannālis, from bannus.

un four banal

un moulin banal

un pressoir banal


discharge

en-noun

discharge (countable and uncountable, plural discharges)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

From Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier (“to unload”), from Late Latin discarricāre (“unload”). By surface analysis, dis- + charge.

After having granted discharge from liability, the general meeting of shareholders may not demand for the company compensation for matters which it had knowledge of when granting discharge.

(law) Release from liability, as granted to someone having served in a position of trust, such as to the officers and governors of a corporate body.


accreditare

it-verb

accreditàre (first-person singular present accrédito, first-person singular past historic accreditài, past participle accreditàto, auxiliary avére)

accreditàre (canonical)
accrédito (first-person present singular)
accreditài (first-person historic past singular)
accreditàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
accreditàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
accreditàndo (gerund)
accreditànte (participle present)
accreditàto (participle past)
accrédito (first-person indicative present singular)
accréditi (indicative present second-person singular)
accrédita (indicative present singular third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
accreditàte (indicative plural present second-person)
accréditano (indicative plural present third-person)
accreditàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
accreditàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
accreditàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
accreditavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
accreditavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
accreditàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
accreditài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
accreditàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
accreditò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
accreditàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
accreditàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
accreditàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
accrediterò (first-person future indicative singular)
accrediterài (future indicative second-person singular)
accrediterà (future indicative singular third-person)
accrediterémo (first-person future indicative plural)
accrediteréte (future indicative plural second-person)
accrediterànno (future indicative plural third-person)
accrediterèi (conditional first-person singular)
accrediterésti (conditional second-person singular)
accrediterèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
accrediterébbe (conditional singular third-person)
accrediterémmo (conditional first-person plural)
accrediteréste (conditional plural second-person)
accrediterèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
accrediterébbero (conditional plural third-person)
accréditi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
accréditi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
accréditi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
accreditiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
accréditino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
accreditàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
accreditàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accreditàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accreditàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
accreditàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accreditàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accrédita (imperative second-person singular)
accréditi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
accreditàte (imperative plural second-person)
accréditino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
accreditàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
accréditi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
accreditàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
accréditino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(UK, law) The railing surrounding the part of a courtroom in which the judges, lawyers, defendants and witnesses stay.

He's studying hard to pass the Bar this time; he's failed it twice before.

(US, Philippines, law, usually with the) The bar exam, the legal licensing exam.

He was called to the bar.

(law, metonymic, "the Bar", "the bar") Collectively, lawyers or the legal profession; specifically applied to barristers in some countries, but including all lawyers in others.

"the Bar"; "the bar"; "the Bar"; "the bar"


illicit

en-adj

illicit (comparative more illicit, superlative most illicit)

more illicit (comparative)
most illicit (superlative)

Borrowed from French illicite, from Latin illicitus, from in- (“not”) + licitus (“allowed, permitted”), from licet (“it is allowed”). By surface analysis, il- + licit.

The bigamous marriage, while illicit, was not invalid.

Such migrants may violate our laws against illicit entry, but if that's all they do then they are trespassers, not criminals.

2008 January 8, Madeleine Albright, Memo to the President Elect: How We Can Restore America's Reputation and Leadership, New York: HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OL, page 225:

(law) Not approved by law, but not invalid.


nexus

en-noun

nexus (countable and uncountable, plural nexuses or nexusses or (rare) nexus)

nexuses (plural)
nexusses (plural)
nexus (plural rare)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-nexus.wav

From Latin nexus (“connection, nexus; act of binding, tying or fastening together; something which binds, binding, bond, fastening, joint; legal obligation”), from nectō (“to attach, bind, connect, fasten, tie; to interweave; to relate; to unite; to bind by obligation, make liable, oblige; to compose, contrive, devise, produce”) + -tus (suffix forming verbal nouns).

der

(Canada, US, finance, law) The relationship between a vendor and a jurisdiction for the purpose of taxation, established for example by the vendor operating a physical store in that jurisdiction.

(Ancient Rome, law, historical) A person who had contracted a nexum or obligation of such a kind that, if they failed to pay, their creditor could compel them to work as a servant until the debt was paid; an indentured servant.


damage

damages (plural)
damege (alternative)
dammage (alternative)
dampnage (alternative)
domage (alternative)

English: damage

Scots: dammish

From Old French damage, from Vulgar Latin *damnāticum.

(law, often in the plural) damages (compensation for loss)


user

From Middle English usere, equivalent to use + -er. Cognate with Scots usar, uiser (“user”).

parasite

one that unfairly takes advantage of or exploits

2012, R. (Stephen Malpass) v Durham County Council, [2012] EWHC 1934 (Admin) http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2012/1934.html
As to evidence of user...
As to quality of user (i.e. was use by the public "as of right"), the inspector found that the grass over the whole of the application land has been regularly cut...
...which the inspector did not find sufficient of itself to render user permissive. Moreover, the defendant could not, the inspector advised, rely on communication to users that access to the land was regulated. Deferment to users of the organised pitches...

(law, dated) In land law, meaning either 1. or 2. above or use. Usually in singular form to mean use wherever there is assiduous re-use of precedents and aloof textbooks verbatim.


malfeasance

en-noun

malfeasance (countable and uncountable, plural malfeasances)

From Old French malfaisance, derived from malfaire, maufaire (“to do evil”), from Latin malefaciō (“I do evil”), from male (“evilly”) + faciō (“do, make”).

By then, Mr. Altman had gathered more allies. Mr. Nadella, now confident that Mr. Altman was not guilty of malfeasance, threw Microsoft’s weight behind him.

2023 December 9, Tripp Mickle, Cade Metz, Mike Isaac, Karen Weise, “Inside OpenAI’s Crisis Over the Future of Artificial Intelligence”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(law) Misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official and causing damage.


cross

en-verb

cross (third-person singular simple present crosses, present participle crossing, simple past and past participle crossed)

crosses (present singular third-person)
crossing (participle present)
crossed (participle past)
crossed (past)
cross (infinitive)
cross (first-person present singular)
crossed (first-person past singular)
cross (present second-person singular)
crossest (archaic present second-person singular)
crossed (past second-person singular)
crossedst (archaic past second-person singular)
crosses (present singular third-person)
crosseth (archaic present singular third-person)
crossed (past singular third-person)
cross (plural present)
crossed (past plural)
cross (present subjunctive)
crossed (past subjunctive)
cross (imperative present)
crossing (participle present)
crossed (participle past)

From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), from Old Norse kross, from Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (crucī). In this sense displaced native Middle English rood, from Old English rōd; see rood. Compare Welsh croes, Irish crois.
The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.
Cognates
*Icelandic kross (“cross”)
*Faroese krossur (“cross”)
*Norwegian Nynorsk kross, kors (“cross”)
*Danish kors (“cross”)
*Swedish kors (“cross”)
*North Frisian kross, korss (“cross”)
*Saterland Frisian Krjuus, Kjus (“cross”)
*West Frisian krús (“cross”)
*Dutch kruis (“cross”)
*German Low German Krüüz (“cross”)
*German Kreuz (“cross”)

(law) To conduct a cross examination; to question a hostile witness.


nihil

en-noun

nihil (countable and uncountable, plural nihils)


fail

head

fail (definite accusative faili, plural failler)

faili (accusative definite)
failler (plural)
fail (nominative singular)
failler (nominative plural)
faili (accusative definite singular)
failleri (accusative definite plural)
faile (dative singular)
faillere (dative plural)
failde (locative singular)
faillerde (locative plural)
failden (ablative singular)
faillerden (ablative plural)
failin (genitive singular)
faillerin (genitive plural)
failim (first-person nominative singular)
faillerim (first-person nominative singular)
failin (nominative second-person singular)
faillerin (nominative second-person singular)
faili (nominative singular third-person)
failleri (nominative singular third-person)
failimiz (first-person nominative plural)
faillerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
failiniz (nominative plural second-person)
failleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
failleri (nominative plural third-person)
failimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
faillerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
failini (accusative definite second-person singular)
faillerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
failini (accusative definite singular third-person)
faillerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
failimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
faillerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
failinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
faillerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
faillerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
failime (dative first-person singular)
faillerime (dative first-person singular)
failine (dative second-person singular)
faillerine (dative second-person singular)
failine (dative singular third-person)
faillerine (dative singular third-person)
failimize (dative first-person plural)
faillerimize (dative first-person plural)
failinize (dative plural second-person)
faillerinize (dative plural second-person)
faillerine (dative plural third-person)
failimde (first-person locative singular)
faillerimde (first-person locative singular)
failinde (locative second-person singular)
faillerinde (locative second-person singular)
failinde (locative singular third-person)
faillerinde (locative singular third-person)
failimizde (first-person locative plural)
faillerimizde (first-person locative plural)
failinizde (locative plural second-person)
faillerinizde (locative plural second-person)
faillerinde (locative plural third-person)
failimden (ablative first-person singular)
faillerimden (ablative first-person singular)
failinden (ablative second-person singular)
faillerinden (ablative second-person singular)
failinden (ablative singular third-person)
faillerinden (ablative singular third-person)
failimizden (ablative first-person plural)
faillerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
failinizden (ablative plural second-person)
faillerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
faillerinden (ablative plural third-person)
failimin (first-person genitive singular)
faillerimin (first-person genitive singular)
failinin (genitive second-person singular)
faillerinin (genitive second-person singular)
failinin (genitive singular third-person)
faillerinin (genitive singular third-person)
failimizin (first-person genitive plural)
faillerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
failinizin (genitive plural second-person)
faillerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
faillerinin (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فاعل (fā'il), from Arabic فَاعِل (fāʕil), active participle of فَعَلَ (faʕala, “to do, to affect”).


element

From Middle English element, from Old French element, from Latin elementum (“a first principle, element, rudiment”) (see further etymology there).
The verb is from Middle English elementen, from the noun.

element

simplest or essential part or principle of anything

One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.

(law) A required aspect or component of a cause of action. A deed is regarded as a violation of law only if each element can be proved.


caveat

Learned borrowing from Latin caveat (“may he beware of”), third-person singular present active subjunctive of caveō (“I beware of”). Doublet of show.

lbor

If I adhered to the system of caveats, which would throw it upon an individual to be cautious, and to look out lest he should not have notice, if he did not enter a caveat I would require him to specify in respect of what he entered his caveat. General caveats, I think, should not be allowed against all the world and against general inventions, for the same reasons that I would not allow a person to have a patent for a general title without specifying upon what improvements he applied for a patent.

1849 August 25, Thomas Webster, “Law of Patents.—Report of the Committee on the Signet and Privy Seal Offices. Extracts from Minutes of Evidence.”, in J[oseph] C[linton] Robertson, editor, Mechanics’ Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal, and Gazette, volume LI, number 1359, London: Robertson and Co., Mechanics' Magazine Offices, No. 166, Fleet-street, London; and No. 99B, New-Street, Birmingham, →OCLC, pages 185–186:

The necessity for caveats arise in two cases: one class of caveats is prohibitory as regards some contemplated dealing or transaction affecting the property described in the caveat; while another class of caveats arises out of adverse claims to the land itself, or to some estate or interest in the land.

1861 May 29, William Charles Belt, “Minutes of Evidence”, in Real Property Law Commission, South Australia (chairman: Chief Justice Charles Cooper), Report of the Real Property Law Commission, with Minutes of Evidence and Appendix. Ordered by the Parliament to be Prited ([Parliamentary Paper, 1861]; no. 192), Adelaide, S.A.: Printed by authority, by W. C. Cox, Government Printer, Victoria-Square, published November 1861, →OCLC, page 94:

The purpose of a caveat is to give a person who has an unregistered interest in a property the ability to protect that interest from the harshness of indefeasibility of title, which is enjoyed by a later interest which is registered, assuming there is no exception to indefeasibility available to the holder of the earlier unregistered interest. Section 74H of the Real Property Act provides that a caveat operates to prevent dealings that are subsequently lodged from obtaining registration. In the absence of a caveat precluding the later interest from becoming registered, the later interest would be registerd and upon registration would enjoy the benefit of immediate indefeasibility of title.

2005, Geoffrey Moore, “Torrens Title: Priorities between Unregistered Interests”, in David Barker, editor, Essential Real Property (Cavendish Essential Series), Coogee, N.S.W.: Cavendish Publishing (Australia), →ISBN, page 76:

(law) A formal notice of interest in land under a Torrens land-title system.

(law) A notice requesting a postponement of a court proceeding.

Einspruch

notice requesting a postponement of a court proceedings

xodátajstvo o priostanóvke sudébnovo razbirátelʹstva

хода́тайство о приостано́вке суде́бного разбира́тельства


caveat

en-verb

caveat (third-person singular simple present caveats, present participle caveating or caveatting, simple past and past participle caveated or caveatted)

caveats (present singular third-person)
caveating (participle present)
caveatting (participle present)
caveated (participle past)
caveated (past)
caveatted (participle past)
caveatted (past)

But of all the Strategems to prevent the obtaining of Licences, commend me to that of entring Caveats againſt one another's Curates; a Project of vaſt Contrivance, and worthy the renowned Head that firſt invented it. By this means, 'tis eaſy to ſee, that if there be but Confederacy enough among the Incumbents, and Corruption enough in the Officer that receives them, the whole Body of Curates may be demoliſhed at once. "Tis but changing Hands, my caveating yours, and your caveating my Curate, and then a Fig for the Canons, that require them to be licenc'd Preachers."

1722, “a clergyman of the Church of England” [pseudonym; Thomas Stackhouse], The Miseries and Great Hardships of the Inferiour Clergy, in and about London. And a Modest Plea for Their Rights, and Better Usage; in a Letter to the Right Reverend Father in God, John Lord Bishop of London, London: Printed for T[homas] Payne, at the Crown in Pater-Noster-Row, →OCLC, paragraph 3, page 175:

With the facts that may thus be brought distinctly before the public, it may soon become generally understood whether Professor [Royal Earl] House's Letter Printing telegraph (the only American telegraph patented in Great Britain and other European kingdoms as well as in the United States) is any infringement of Prof. [Samuel] Morse's patent, or of anything which Prof. Morse has a right to claim; and it will also be seen whether the telegraph system caveatted in the United States Patent office by Col. Charles B. Moss, of Virginia, under claim for a patent, (in the same way that Prof. Morse caveatted his "vital" "principle" as late as 1845–6) is or is not at least as original and effective as any telegraph that makes arbitrary signs like the dots and lines first used by [Carl August von] Steinheil and by Davey^([sic – meaning Edward Davy]) in 1837 and 1838, and afterwards combined by Prof. Morse in his first patent of 1840.

1847 October 16, “Magnetic Telegraph”, in American Railroad Journal and General Advertiser for Railroads, Canals, Steamboats, Machinery and Mines, volume III, number 42 (Second Quarto Series; volume XX, number 591 overall), Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by D. K. Minor, editor and proprietor, No. 105 Chestnut Street, →OCLC, page 659, column 2:

Hurst in right of his wife, by counsel, on the 21st June, 1855, entered his caveat against the foregoing return and vouchers, and objected. […] 3d. He caveats the charge of fifty dollars paid McIntyre & Young, for making returns, as illegal and not a proper charge against ward. 4th. He also caveats the two expenditures to McIntyre & Ward and C. B. Cole, each for $150 00, as illegal, being for professional services rendered in defending himself in a suit against for mal-administration as guardian.

1857, B. Y. Martin (reporter), “No. 7.—William H. Hendry, guardian, plaintiff in error, vs. James M. Hurst and wife, defendants in error.”, in Reports of Cases in Law and Equity, Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Georgia, …, volume XXII, Columbus, Ga.: Times and Sentinel Steam Press, published 1858, →OCLC, page 314:

(transitive, law) To formally object to something.

It is unclear whether or not a purchaser upon exchange of contracts will be regarded as guilty of postponing conduct if failing to caveat.

2005, Geoffrey Moore, “Torrens Title: Priorities between Unregistered Interests”, in David Barker, editor, Essential Real Property (Cavendish Essential Series), Coogee, N.S.W.: Cavendish Publishing (Australia), →ISBN, page 93:

(transitive, law, specifically) To lodge a formal notice of interest in land under a Torrens land-title system.

The answer further alleged that the intestate, in right of his wife, caveated the probate in Virginia of the will of one William Hill, her relation; […]

1838 June, Judge William Gaston, “Hannah Gee v. Henry Gee and Peyton R. Tunstall”, in Thomas P. Devereux, William H[orn] Battle, editors, Reports of Cases in Equity, Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of North Carolina. From June Term, 1838, to December Term, 1839, both Inclusive, volume II, Raleigh, N.C.: Published by Turner and Hughes; Thos. J. Lemay, printer, published 1840, →OCLC, page 108:

The defendant, father of the testator, had caveated against granting of probate on the ground that the will was not duly executed, and that deceased did not know or approve of its contents.

1913 December 6, Justice Street, “Probate Court. (Before Mr. Justice Street.) Disputed Will. Wills v. Craven.”, in The Sydney Morning Herald, page 5:

(transitive, law, dated) To issue a notice requesting that proceedings be suspended.


prescribe

prescribe (third-person singular simple present prescribes, present participle prescribing, simple past and past participle prescribed)

prescribes (present singular third-person)
prescribing (participle present)
prescribed (participle past)
prescribed (past)
præscribe (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin praescrībere, from prae- (“before, in front”) and scrībere (“to write”).

Most probable that one presentation and 40 years possession thereafter, is sufficient to prescribe a right of patronage.

1753, Andrew McDouall, An Institute of the Laws of Scotland in Civil Rights […] , volume 3, Table of Contents, page 86:

[…] held, in a question with a party who had acquired right from the commissioners of the forfeited estates to the estate of the forfeited superior, as it stood in his person, that the crown charter of the vassal was a valid title on which to prescribe a right to the coal […]

1834, Patrick Shaw, Digest of Cases Decided in the Courts of Session, Teinds, and Justiciary in the House of Lords, 1821–1833 […] , page 135:

Because of the juristic difficulties associated with the Donation of Constantine, the question of whether the papacy had in any case prescribed its jurisdiction in the patrimony had become a common topic amongst jurists […]

1987, Joseph Canning, The Political Thought of Baldus de Ubaldis, page 53:

(law) To develop or assert a right; to make a claim (by prescription).

(law) To become invalidated or unenforceable by prescription, to lapse


affect

head

affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affectin, simple past affectit, past participle affectit)

affects (present singular third-person)
affectin (participle present)
affectit (past)
affectit (participle past)

(law) to burden property with a fixed charge or payment, or other condition or restriction


whereas

From where + as (“that”); first attested in the meaning of "where" First attested in the 14ᵗʰ century. Compare thereas.

1. Scottish2. from Middle English mid3. old dialectal form

And Whereas it hath pleased the Great Governor of the World to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of, and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union.

1778, United States Articles of Confederation:

(chiefly law) It being the fact that; inasmuch as. (Often used to begin recitals; sometimes emboldened or emphasized as a signifier.)


innuendo

en-noun

innuendo (plural innuendoes or innuendos or innuendis)

innuendoes (plural)
innuendos (plural)
innuendis (plural)
inuendo (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-innuendo.wav

From the Latin innuendō (“by nodding”), ablative singular form of innuendum (“a nodding”), gerund of innuō (“I give a nod”).

(law) Part of a pleading in cases of libel and slander, pointing out what and who was meant by the libellous matter or description.


innuendo

en-verb

innuendo (third-person singular simple present innuendos, present participle innuendoing, simple past and past participle innuendoed)

innuendos (present singular third-person)
innuendoing (participle present)
innuendoed (participle past)
innuendoed (past)
inuendo (alternative)

A statement that a person's presence at a certain club may be "irksome," may be innuendoed that the person is of such bad character as not to be a fit associate with honourable men.

1894, Frank Towers Cooper, A Handbook of the Law of Defamation and Verbal Injury, page 119:

(transitive, law) To interpret (something libellous or slanderous) in terms of what was implied.


permutation

permutation (indefinite nominative singular)
permutations (genitive indefinite singular)
permutationen (definite nominative singular)
permutationens (definite genitive singular)
permutationer (indefinite nominative plural)
permutationers (genitive indefinite plural)
permutationerna (definite nominative plural)
permutationernas (definite genitive plural)

(law) a change of the bylaws or instructions of a foundation from those set out in a testament


reception

en-noun

reception (countable and uncountable, plural receptions)

/ɹɪˈsɛp.ʃn̩/

Borrowed from Middle French reception, from Latin recipiō(n) (“the act of receiving; reception”), from recipiō (“receive”), from re- (“back”) + capiō (“I hold”).

der

Among the numerous receptions of Roman law one event stood out, to the extent that, at least in central Europe, it almost monopolized the term.

1942 October, Ernst Levy, “Reflections on the First "Reception" of Roman Law in Germanic States”, in The American Historical Review, →JSTOR, page 20:

(law) The conscious adoption or transplantation of legal phenomena from a different culture.

vastaanotto

adoption of legal phenomena from a different culture


outrage

→ Romanian: ultraj (calque)


minor

en-adj

minor (comparative more minor, superlative most minor)

more minor (comparative)
most minor (superlative)
miner (alternative)
maner (alternative)
minore (alternative)
minour (alternative)
mynor (alternative)
mynour (alternative)
mynowr (alternative)
mi (alternative)

antonym(s) of

serious, grave, severe, dangerous, fatal, life-threatening, acute (informal)

From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.

der

The defendant resides at 123 Fake Street with his partner and two minor children.

Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option, particularly:

(law) Underage, not having reached legal majority.


minor

minors (plural)
miner (alternative)
maner (alternative)
minore (alternative)
minour (alternative)
mynor (alternative)
mynour (alternative)
mynowr (alternative)
mi (alternative)

No, he can't get a mortgage or sell the house. He's still a minor. For the most part, he can't sign a legally binding contract.

He was only a minor when he succeeded his father to the barony.

King Richard the second... for the first tenne yeares of his raigne, was a Minor.

1612, John Davies, A Discouerie of the True Causes Why Ireland Was Neuer Entirely Subdued..., page 88:

(law) A child, a person who has not reached the age of majority, consent, etc. and is legally subject to fewer responsibilities and less accountability and entitled to fewer legal rights and privileges.


process

→ Japanese: プロセス (purosesu)

From Middle English proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin prōcessus (“course, progression”), nominalization of prōcēdō (“proceed, advance”).

But if either at Calling by the Clerk, after the Session Bell, or before the Ordinary by the Roll, an Advocat compears, and craves to be Marked for the Defender, and to see the Process; The Clerk in the first Case, and the Judge in the second, will allow him to see it

1711, John Spotiswood, The Form of Process, section 39:

(law) Documents issued by a court in the course of a lawsuit or action at law, such as a summons, mandate, or writ.


process

en-verb

process (third-person singular simple present processes, present participle processing, simple past and past participle processed)

processes (present singular third-person)
processing (participle present)
processed (participle past)
processed (past)

When I saw that he would not let me alone, I processed him for £12. My mother was with his brother John, and he allowed her six guineas for clothes; and if she did not want the money, he would allow it to me in the rent, and I made him pay that when he would not leave me alone.

1845, Report from Her Majesty's Commissioners of inquiry into the state of the law and practice in respect to the occupation of land in Ireland:

(transitive, law) To take legal proceedings against.


process

process (indefinite nominative singular)
process (genitive indefinite singular)
processen (definite nominative singular)
processens (definite genitive singular)
processer (indefinite nominative plural)
processers (genitive indefinite plural)
processerna (definite nominative plural)
processernas (definite genitive plural)

From Latin processus (“progression, progress, process”), perfect passive participle of prōcēdō (“I advance, proceed”), from prō- + cēdō (“I go, move, proceed”).


offer

offers (plural)
offre (alternative)
offa (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

→ Tokelauan: ofo

From Middle English offer, from Old English offrian (“offer or make a sacrifice”) rather than from Old French offre (“offer”), from offrir (“to offer”), from Latin offerō (“to present, bring before”). Compare North Frisian offer (“sacrifice, donation, fee”), Dutch offer (“offering, sacrifice”), German Opfer (“victim, sacrifice”), Danish offer (“victim, sacrifice”), Icelandic offr (“offering”). See verb below.

cog

His first letter was not a real offer, but an attempt to determine interest.

(law) An invitation to enter into a binding contract communicated to another party which contains terms sufficiently definite to create an enforceable contract if the other party accepts the invitation.

nabídka

law: invitation to enter binding contract


waste

en-noun

waste (countable and uncountable, plural wastes)

→ Japanese: ウエス (uesu)

→ Wu: 違司 /违司 (we⁶-sy¹)

From Middle English wast, waste (“a waste”, noun), from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wast, waste (“a waste”), from Frankish *wōstī (“a waste”), from Proto-Germanic *wōstaz, *wōstuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“empty, wasted”).

der

(law) A cause of action which may be brought by the owner of a future interest in property against the current owner of that property to prevent the current owner from degrading the value or character of the property, either intentionally or through neglect.

hävittäminen

legal: cause of action against degrading the value or character of a property


waste

en-verb

waste (third-person singular simple present wastes, present participle wasting, simple past and past participle wasted)

wastes (present singular third-person)
wasting (participle present)
wasted (participle past)
wasted (past)
waste (infinitive)
waste (first-person present singular)
wasted (first-person past singular)
waste (present second-person singular)
wastest (archaic present second-person singular)
wasted (past second-person singular)
wastedst (archaic past second-person singular)
wastes (present singular third-person)
wasteth (archaic present singular third-person)
wasted (past singular third-person)
waste (plural present)
wasted (past plural)
waste (present subjunctive)
wasted (past subjunctive)
waste (imperative present)
wasting (participle present)
wasted (participle past)

From Middle English wasten (“to waste, lay waste”), from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French waster (“to waste, devastate”) (compare also the variant gaster and French gâter from a related Old French word); the Anglo-Norman form waster was either from Frankish *wōstijan (“to waste”), from Proto-Indo-European *wāsto- (“empty, wasted”), or alternatively from Latin vastāre and influenced by the Frankish; the English word was assisted by similarity to native Middle English westen ("to waste"; > English weest). Cognate with Old High German wuostan, wuastan, wuostjan (“to waste”) (Modern German wüsten), Old English wēstan (“to lay waste, ravage”).
Displaced native Old English essian and strȳndan. Largely overtook Old English forspillan and weste.

gloss

"to waste"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">weest</i>

cog

Waste in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

(law) To damage, impair, or injure (an estate, etc.) voluntarily, or by allowing the buildings, fences, etc., to fall into decay.


purge

en-verb

purge (third-person singular simple present purges, present participle purging, simple past and past participle purged)

purges (present singular third-person)
purging (participle present)
purged (participle past)
purged (past)

From Middle English purgen, from Old French purgier, from Latin pūrgō (“I make pure, I cleanse”), from pūrus (“clean, pure”) + agō (“I make, I do”).

puhdistaa

(of an organization) to forcibly remove people from

(transitive, law) To clear of a charge, suspicion, or imputation.

оневинявам

to clear of a charge, suspicion, or imputation


service

en-noun

service (countable and uncountable, plural services)

services (plural)
seruice (alternative obsolete)

→ Dutch: service

→ Indonesian: servis

→ German: Service

→ Hindustani

Hindi: सर्विस (sarvis)

Urdu: سروس (sarvis)

→ Hungarian: szerviz

→ Japanese: サービス (sābisu)

→ Korean: 서비스 (seobiseu)

→ Persian:

Dari: سرویس (sarwīs)

→ Russian: сервис (servis)

→ Ukrainian: сервіс (servis)

From Middle English servise, from Old English serfise, from Old French servise (French service), from the verb servir, from Latin servitium (compare Portuguese serviço, Italian servizio, Norman sèrvice, Spanish servicio), from servus (“servant; serf; slave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Displaced native Old English þeġnung.

He Suſpends on theſe Reaſons, that Thomas Rue had granted a general Diſcharge to Adam Muſhet, who was his Conjunct, and correus debendi, after the alleadged Service, which Diſcharged Muſhet, and conſequently Houstoun his Partner.

1668 July 3, James Dalrymple, “Thomas Rue contra Andrew Houſtoun” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 548

The service happened yesterday.

(law) The serving, or delivery, of a summons or writ.


trust

trust (countable and uncountable, plural trusts)

From Middle English trust (“trust, protection”). Long considered a borrowing from Old Norse traust (“confidence, help, protection”), itself from Proto-Germanic *traustą, but the root vocalism is incompatible, and so it is considered a reflex of an unattested Old English *trust, from a rare zero-grade proto-Germanic variant of the same root also attested in Middle High German getrüste (“host”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deru- (“be firm, hard, solid”). Akin to Danish trøst (“comfort, solace”), Saterland Frisian Traast (“comfort, solace”), West Frisian treast (“comfort, solace”), Dutch troost (“comfort, consolation”), German Trost (“comfort, consolation”), Gothic trausti (“alliance, pact”). Doublet of tryst. More at true, tree.

cog

I put the house into my sister's trust.

(law) The confidence vested in a person who has legal ownership of a property to manage for the benefit of another.

vertrouwen

the confidence vested in a person who has legal ownership of a property to manage for the benefit of another


trust

en-adj

trust (comparative more trust, superlative most trust)

more trust (comparative)
most trust (superlative)


cot

Borrowed from Latin quotus (“how much”).

(historical, Catalan law) monetary penalty imposed by some Andorran councils


evergreen

en-verb

evergreen (third-person singular simple present evergreens, present participle evergreening, simple past and past participle evergreened)

evergreens (present singular third-person)
evergreening (participle present)
evergreened (participle past)
evergreened (past)

(patent law, pharmaceuticals) To extend the term of a patent beyond the normal legal limit, usually through repeated small modifications.


pool

pools (plural)
poole (alternative obsolete)

1. From French poule (“collective stakes in a game”). The French word "poule" in this context is an abbreviation of "poulain, pouliche" (foal, filly), and referred to races with female horses under 3 years old. It then became used by punters to designate bets on that race, and started to be used from the racetrack to the stadiums.
2. The OED suggests that this may be a transferred use of poule (“hen”), which has been explained anecdotally as deriving from an old informal betting game in France - 'jeu de poule' - Game of Chicken (or Hen, literally) in which poule became synonymous with the combined money pot claimed by the winner.

bor

pull (accents with FOOT-GOOSE merger or full-fool merger)

(law) An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common liabilities.

yhtymä

legal: aggregation of properties or rights


pirate

en-verb

pirate (third-person singular simple present pirates, present participle pirating, simple past and past participle pirated)

pirates (present singular third-person)
pirating (participle present)
pirated (participle past)
pirated (past)
pyrate (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English pirate, pirat, pyrat, from Old French pirate, from Latin pīrāta (“pirate”), from Ancient Greek πειρατής (peiratḗs), from πεῖρα (peîra, “trial, attempt, plot”). Displaced native Old English wīċing, which was the word for both "pirate" and "viking".

If a book is pirated there is a remedy for the author and publisher; if a photograph or an engraving is made of a picture without permission the law protects the painter.

1904, Edward Elgar, in a speech on 4 July, 1904:

(transitive, copyright law) To create and/or sell an unauthorized copy of.

Not willing to pay full price for the computer game, Heidi pirated a copy.

In the 1970s cable companies began to pirate some of the football games that the networks had contracted to televise.

2002, John Sayle Watterson, College Football: History, Spectacle, Controversy, page 343:

College students, with their limited budgets, often pirate software to save their money for buying more important items (like beer).

2004, Wally Wang, Steal this File Sharing Book: What They Won't Tell You about File Sharing:

Many college students now expect to sample, if not outright pirate, movies, music, software, and TV programs.

2007, Diane Kresh, Council on Library, Information Resources, The Whole Digital Library Handbook, page 85:

(transitive, copyright law) To knowingly obtain an unauthorized copy of.


nude

en-adj

nude (comparative nuder, superlative nudest)

nuder (comparative)
nudest (superlative)

Entered English 1493 as a legal term, meaning "unsupported, not formally attested," from Middle English nud, from Latin nūdus (“naked, bare”).

A void sale is that which can never take effect; in which the articles opposed to each other, or one of them, not bearing any legal value the contract is nude.

1825, Sir William Hay Macnaghten, Principles and Precedents of Moohummudan Law:


special

special (comparative more special or specialer, superlative most special or specialest)

more special (comparative)
specialer (comparative)
most special (superlative)
specialest (superlative)

common

antonym(s) of “distinguished by a unique or unusual quality”

From Middle English *special, especial, especiall, from Old French especial (whence also French spécial), from Latin speciālis (from speciēs). In this sense displaced native Old English synderlīċ. Doublet of especial.

מיוחד \ מְיֻחָד

of or related to disabilities, especially learning or intellectual disabilities

For the few times the U.S. Supreme Court has to actually try a case, they will appoint a special master to do so.

After the Watergate break in, a special prosecutor was appointed.

(law) Appointed specifically to examine a single event or issue.


aquaeductus

la-noun

aquaeductus m (genitive aquaeductūs); fourth declension

aquaeductūs (genitive)
aquaeductus (nominative singular)
aquaeductūs (nominative plural)
aquaeductūs (genitive singular)
aquaeductuum (genitive plural)
aquaeductuī (dative singular)
aquaeductibus (dative plural)
aquaeductum (accusative singular)
aquaeductūs (accusative plural)
aquaeductū (ablative singular)
aquaeductibus (ablative plural)
aquaeductus (singular vocative)
aquaeductūs (plural vocative)
aquiductus (alternative)

Italian: acquedotto

Late Latin: aquiductus (see there for further descendants)

→ Catalan: aqüeducte

→ English: aqueduct

→ French: aqueduc

→? Friulian: acuidot

→ Polish: akwedukt

→ Portuguese: aqueduto

→ Romanian: apeduct

→ Russian: акведу́к (akvedúk)

→ Spanish: acueducto

From aquae + ductus, lit. "conducting of water".

(law) the right to conduct water across or from another's land to one's own land by means of pipes, trenches, or canals


servitus

servitūs f (genitive servitūtis); third declension

servitūs (canonical feminine)
servitūtis (genitive)
servitūs (nominative singular)
servitūtēs (nominative plural)
servitūtis (genitive singular)
servitūtum (genitive plural)
servitūtī (dative singular)
servitūtibus (dative plural)
servitūtem (accusative singular)
servitūtēs (accusative plural)
servitūte (ablative singular)
servitūtibus (ablative plural)
servitūs (singular vocative)
servitūtēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: servitud

Italian: servitù

Portuguese: servitude

Spanish: servitud


lupa

+obj

inf1<t:to do><qq:or the illative of the verbal noun>

[with illative ‘to’; or with first infinitive ‘to do’ (or the illative of the verbal noun)]

lupa (nominative singular)
luvat (nominative plural)
lupa (accusative nominative singular)
luvat (accusative nominative plural)
luvan (accusative genitive singular)
luvat (accusative genitive plural)
luvan (genitive singular)
lupien (genitive plural)
lupain (genitive plural rare)
lupaa (partitive singular)
lupia (partitive plural)
luvassa (inessive singular)
luvissa (inessive plural)
luvasta (elative singular)
luvista (elative plural)
lupaan (illative singular)
lupiin (illative plural)
luvalla (adessive singular)
luvilla (adessive plural)
luvalta (ablative singular)
luvilta (ablative plural)
luvalle (allative singular)
luville (allative plural)
lupana (essive singular)
lupina (essive plural)
luvaksi (singular translative)
luviksi (plural translative)
luvatta (abessive singular)
luvitta (abessive plural)
luvin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
lupani (nominative singular)
lupani (nominative plural)
lupani (accusative nominative singular)
lupani (accusative nominative plural)
lupani (accusative genitive singular)
lupani (accusative genitive plural)
lupani (genitive singular)
lupieni (genitive plural)
lupaini (genitive plural rare)
lupaani (partitive singular)
lupiani (partitive plural)
luvassani (inessive singular)
luvissani (inessive plural)
luvastani (elative singular)
luvistani (elative plural)
lupaani (illative singular)
lupiini (illative plural)
luvallani (adessive singular)
luvillani (adessive plural)
luvaltani (ablative singular)
luviltani (ablative plural)
luvalleni (allative singular)
luvilleni (allative plural)
lupanani (essive singular)
lupinani (essive plural)
luvakseni (singular translative)
luvikseni (plural translative)
luvattani (abessive singular)
luvittani (abessive plural)
lupineni (comitative plural)
lupasi (nominative singular)
lupasi (nominative plural)
lupasi (accusative nominative singular)
lupasi (accusative nominative plural)
lupasi (accusative genitive singular)
lupasi (accusative genitive plural)
lupasi (genitive singular)
lupiesi (genitive plural)
lupaisi (genitive plural rare)
lupaasi (partitive singular)
lupiasi (partitive plural)
luvassasi (inessive singular)
luvissasi (inessive plural)
luvastasi (elative singular)
luvistasi (elative plural)
lupaasi (illative singular)
lupiisi (illative plural)
luvallasi (adessive singular)
luvillasi (adessive plural)
luvaltasi (ablative singular)
luviltasi (ablative plural)
luvallesi (allative singular)
luvillesi (allative plural)
lupanasi (essive singular)
lupinasi (essive plural)
luvaksesi (singular translative)
luviksesi (plural translative)
luvattasi (abessive singular)
luvittasi (abessive plural)
lupinesi (comitative plural)
lupamme (nominative singular)
lupamme (nominative plural)
lupamme (accusative nominative singular)
lupamme (accusative nominative plural)
lupamme (accusative genitive singular)
lupamme (accusative genitive plural)
lupamme (genitive singular)
lupiemme (genitive plural)
lupaimme (genitive plural rare)
lupaamme (partitive singular)
lupiamme (partitive plural)
luvassamme (inessive singular)
luvissamme (inessive plural)
luvastamme (elative singular)
luvistamme (elative plural)
lupaamme (illative singular)
lupiimme (illative plural)
luvallamme (adessive singular)
luvillamme (adessive plural)
luvaltamme (ablative singular)
luviltamme (ablative plural)
luvallemme (allative singular)
luvillemme (allative plural)
lupanamme (essive singular)
lupinamme (essive plural)
luvaksemme (singular translative)
luviksemme (plural translative)
luvattamme (abessive singular)
luvittamme (abessive plural)
lupinemme (comitative plural)
lupanne (nominative singular)
lupanne (nominative plural)
lupanne (accusative nominative singular)
lupanne (accusative nominative plural)
lupanne (accusative genitive singular)
lupanne (accusative genitive plural)
lupanne (genitive singular)
lupienne (genitive plural)
lupainne (genitive plural rare)
lupaanne (partitive singular)
lupianne (partitive plural)
luvassanne (inessive singular)
luvissanne (inessive plural)
luvastanne (elative singular)
luvistanne (elative plural)
lupaanne (illative singular)
lupiinne (illative plural)
luvallanne (adessive singular)
luvillanne (adessive plural)
luvaltanne (ablative singular)
luviltanne (ablative plural)
luvallenne (allative singular)
luvillenne (allative plural)
lupananne (essive singular)
lupinanne (essive plural)
luvaksenne (singular translative)
luviksenne (plural translative)
luvattanne (abessive singular)
luvittanne (abessive plural)
lupinenne (comitative plural)
lupansa (nominative singular)
lupansa (nominative plural)
lupansa (accusative nominative singular)
lupansa (accusative nominative plural)
lupansa (accusative genitive singular)
lupansa (accusative genitive plural)
lupansa (genitive singular)
lupiensa (genitive plural)
lupainsa (genitive plural rare)
lupaansa (partitive singular)
lupiaan (partitive plural)
lupiansa (partitive plural)
luvassaan (inessive singular)
luvassansa (inessive singular)
luvissaan (inessive plural)
luvissansa (inessive plural)
luvastaan (elative singular)
luvastansa (elative singular)
luvistaan (elative plural)
luvistansa (elative plural)
lupaansa (illative singular)
lupiinsa (illative plural)
luvallaan (adessive singular)
luvallansa (adessive singular)
luvillaan (adessive plural)
luvillansa (adessive plural)
luvaltaan (ablative singular)
luvaltansa (ablative singular)
luviltaan (ablative plural)
luviltansa (ablative plural)
luvalleen (allative singular)
luvallensa (allative singular)
luvilleen (allative plural)
luvillensa (allative plural)
lupanaan (essive singular)
lupanansa (essive singular)
lupinaan (essive plural)
lupinansa (essive plural)
luvakseen (singular translative)
luvaksensa (singular translative)
luvikseen (plural translative)
luviksensa (plural translative)
luvattaan (abessive singular)
luvattansa (abessive singular)
luvittaan (abessive plural)
luvittansa (abessive plural)
lupineen (comitative plural)
lupinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *lupa, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”) (note the descendant Old Norse lof (“praise, permission”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”). Attested since the time of Mikael Agricola (16th century).

fi-attest

valituslupa


lex

Borrowed from Latin lex (“law”), attested since 1842.

(law) Used before a given name to form names, often informal, for certain laws.


derogatory

en-adj

derogatory (comparative more derogatory, superlative most derogatory)

more derogatory (comparative)
most derogatory (superlative)

/dɪˈɹɒɡətɹi/

/dɪˈɹɑɡəˌtɔɹi/

Borrowed from Late Latin dērogātōrius, from Latin dērogō; corresponding to derogate + -ory.

(law, of a clause in a testament) Being or pertaining to a derogatory clause.


passer

passer (infinitive)
avoir (infinitive multiword-construction)
être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
passant (gerund participle present)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
passé (participle past)
passe (first-person indicative present singular)
passes (indicative present second-person singular)
passe (indicative present singular third-person)
passons (first-person indicative plural present)
passez (indicative plural present second-person)
passent (indicative plural present third-person)
passais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
passais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
passait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
passions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
passiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
passaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
passai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
passas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
passa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
passâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
passâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
passèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
passerai (first-person future indicative singular)
passeras (future indicative second-person singular)
passera (future indicative singular third-person)
passerons (first-person future indicative plural)
passerez (future indicative plural second-person)
passeront (future indicative plural third-person)
passerais (conditional first-person singular)
passerais (conditional second-person singular)
passerait (conditional singular third-person)
passerions (conditional first-person plural)
passeriez (conditional plural second-person)
passeraient (conditional plural third-person)
present indicative of avoir (indicative multiword-construction perfect present)
être + past participle (indicative multiword-construction perfect present)
imperfect indicative of avoir (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect)
être + past participle (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect)
past historic of avoir (anterior indicative multiword-construction past)
être + past participle (anterior indicative multiword-construction past)
future of avoir (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
passe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
passes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
passe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
passions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
passiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
passent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
passasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
passasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
passât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
passassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
passassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
passassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
present subjunctive of avoir (multiword-construction past subjunctive)
être + past participle (multiword-construction past subjunctive)
imperfect subjunctive of avoir (multiword-construction pluperfect subjunctive)
être + past participle (multiword-construction pluperfect subjunctive)
passe (imperative second-person singular)
passons (first-person imperative plural)
passez (imperative plural second-person)
simple imperative of avoir (imperative multiword-construction second-person singular)
être + past participle (imperative multiword-construction second-person singular)
simple imperative of avoir (first-person imperative multiword-construction plural)
être + past participle (first-person imperative multiword-construction plural)
simple imperative of avoir (imperative multiword-construction plural second-person)
être + past participle (imperative multiword-construction plural second-person)

→ Alemannic German: passiere

→ German: passieren

desc

Romanian: → pasa, → trece (semantic loan)

Inherited from Middle French passer, from Old French passer, from Vulgar Latin *passāre, derived from Latin passus (“step”, noun).

passer une loi


reply

From Middle English replyen, replien, borrowed from Old French replier (“to reply”), from the Latin replicō, replicāre (“I fold back”) (in Late or Medieval Latin "to reply, repeat"), from re + plicō (“I fold”); the noun derives from the verb by nominalisation. Doublet of replicate and replica.

der

refer someone to the reply given in Arkell v Pressdram

(US, law) A document written by a party specifically replying to a responsive declaration and in some cases an answer.


per

perek (plural)
per (nominative singular)
perek (nominative plural)
pert (accusative singular)
pereket (accusative plural)
pernek (dative singular)
pereknek (dative plural)
perrel (instrumental singular)
perekkel (instrumental plural)
perért (causal-final singular)
perekért (causal-final plural)
perré (singular translative)
perekké (plural translative)
perig (singular terminative)
perekig (plural terminative)
perként (essive-formal singular)
perekként (essive-formal plural)
perben (inessive singular)
perekben (inessive plural)
peren (singular superessive)
pereken (plural superessive)
pernél (adessive singular)
pereknél (adessive plural)
perbe (illative singular)
perekbe (illative plural)
perre (singular sublative)
perekre (plural sublative)
perhez (allative singular)
perekhez (allative plural)
perből (elative singular)
perekből (elative plural)
perről (delative singular)
perekről (delative plural)
pertől (ablative singular)
perektől (ablative plural)
peré (singular)
pereké (plural)
peréi (singular)
perekéi (plural)
perem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
pereim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
pered (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
pereid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
pere (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
perei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
perünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
pereink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
peretek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
pereitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
perük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
pereik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
pör (alternative dialectal)


incorporeal

en-adj

incorporeal (comparative more incorporeal, superlative most incorporeal)

more incorporeal (comparative)
most incorporeal (superlative)

/ɪnkɔː(ɹ)ˈpɔːɹiəl/

/ɪŋkɔː(ɹ)ˈpɔːɹiəl/

From Latin incorporeus + -al. By surface analysis, in- + corporeal.

(law) Relating to an asset that does not have a material form; such as a patent.


ไหม

Borrowed from Tai Dón ใม (“fine; to fine”) or Shan မႂ် (mǎue, “idem”).


same

From Middle English same, from Old Norse samr (“same”) and/or Old English same, sama (“same”) in the phrase swā same (swā) (“in like manner, in the same way (as)”), both from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Doublet of -some, some.
Cognate with Scots samin (“same, like, together”), Dutch samen (“together”), Danish samme (“same”), Swedish samma (“same”), Norwegian Bokmål samme (“same”), Norwegian Nynorsk same (“same”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (sama), a weak adjectival form, Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”), Old Irish som, Russian са́мый (sámyj), Sanskrit सम (samá), Persian هم (ham, “also, same”), Finnish sama (“same”), Estonian sama (“same”).

The question is his credibility or lack of same.

Light valve suspensions and films containing UV absorbers and light valves containing the same

Methods of selectively distributing data in a computer network and systems using the same

(formal, often law) It or them, without a connotation of similarity.


auto

Early borrowing from Latin actus. Doublet of the later borrowing acto.


estate

From Middle English estat, from Anglo-Norman estat and Old French estat (French: état), from Latin status. Doublet of state and status.

(law) The nature and extent of a person's interest in, or ownership of, land.

تركة

law: nature and extent of a person's interest in, or ownership of, land

oikeus maa-alueeseen (no exact translation for this umbrella term)


lid

nl-noun

lid n (plural leden, diminutive lidje n or ledeken n)

leden (plural)
lidje (diminutive neuter)
ledeken (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: lid

→ Indonesian: lid

Negerhollands: lid, leden, leeden

From Middle Dutch lit, let, leet, from Old Dutch *lid, from Proto-Germanic *liþuz.

(law) paragraph, subsection (legislative drafting)


canon

en-noun

canon (countable and uncountable, plural canons)

From Middle English canoun, from Old French canon and Old English canon, both from Latin canōn, from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn, “measuring rod, standard”), akin to κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Semitic (compare Hebrew קָנֶה (qane, “reed”) and Arabic قَنَاة (qanāh, “reed”)). Doublet of qanun. See also cane, cannon, canyon, canal.

der

The lessees of public lands had to pay a perpetual rent or "canon" at some periodical time.

1919 January 7, Charles P. Sherman, “A Brief History of Imperial Roman Canon Law”, in California Law Review, volume 7, number 2, Berkeley, California: University of California, pages 96–97:

(Roman law) A rent or stipend payable at some regular time, generally annual, e.g., canon frumentarius


scilicet

sc. (alternative)
scil. (alternative)
ss. (alternative)

(law) Done in the appropriate place within a jurisdiction for the documented act.


tender

From Middle English tendren, from Old French tendre (“stretch out”).

We will submit our tender to you within the week.

(law) A formal offer to buy or sell something.


IP

en-noun

IP (countable and uncountable, plural IPs)

In the past year, Disney has announced 4 sequels and one reboot, but not a single new IP

intellectual property
intellectual property#English

(law, countable and uncountable) Initialism of intellectual property.

(law, uncountable) Initialism of Indigenous peoples.


crimp

Uncertain. Likely from etymology 1, above, but the historical development is not clear. Attested since the seventeenth century.

(specifically, law) One who infringes sub-section 1 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1854, applied to a person other than the owner, master, etc., who engages seamen without a license from the Board of Trade.


murder

murder (countable and uncountable, plural murders)

murders (plural)
murther (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English murder, murdre, mourdre, alteration of earlier murthre (“murder”) (see murther), from Old English morþor (“secret slaying, unlawful killing”) and Old English myrþra (“murder, homicide”), both from Proto-West Germanic *morþr, from Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“death, killing, murder”), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tro- (“killing”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer-, *mor-, *mr̥- (“to die”). Akin to Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr, “murder”), Old High German mord (“murder”), Old Norse morð (“murder”), Old English myrþrian (“to murder”) and morþ.
The -d- in the Middle English form may have been influenced in part by Anglo-Norman murdre, from Old French murdre, from Medieval Latin murdrum (whence the English doublet of murdrum), from Frankish *morþr, *murþr (“murder”), from the same Germanic root, though this may also have been wholly the result of internal development (compare burden, from burthen).
(crows): Attested at least since 1475.

inh

(uncountable) The crime of killing a person unlawfully, especially with predetermination.

(uncountable, law, in jurisdictions which use the felony murder rule) The act of committing or abetting a crime that results in the killing of a person, regardless of intent, and even if the committer or abettor is not the one who killed the person: felony murder.


first-degree murder

en-noun

first-degree murder (countable and uncountable, plural first-degree murders)

(law, chiefly US, Canada) The criminal offence of murder in a form considered by law to be the most serious; the precise distinction may vary by jurisdiction but typically involves premeditation, or the choice of victim or other circumstances being regarded as especially blameworthy.

moord

premeditated or especially serious murder

előre megfontolt szándékkal elkövetett emberölés

(law, chiefly US, Canada) An act that constitutes the crime of first-degree murder.


vacation

vacation (countable and uncountable, plural vacations)

Inherited from Middle English vacation, vacacion, vacacioun, from Anglo-Norman vacacioun, from Old French vacacion, vacation, from Latin vacātiō. Equivalent to vacate + -ion.

(US, law) The act of making legally void.


walk

en-verb

walk (third-person singular simple present walks, present participle walking, simple past and past participle walked)

walks (present singular third-person)
walking (participle present)
walked (participle past)
walked (past)
walk (infinitive)
walk (first-person present singular)
walked (first-person past singular)
walk (present second-person singular)
walkest (archaic present second-person singular)
walked (past second-person singular)
walkedst (archaic past second-person singular)
walks (present singular third-person)
walketh (archaic present singular third-person)
walked (past singular third-person)
walk (plural present)
walked (past plural)
walk (present subjunctive)
walked (past subjunctive)
walk (imperative present)
walking (participle present)
walked (participle past)

Chinese Pidgin English: walkee

From Middle English walken (“to move, walk, roll, turn, revolve, toss”), a conflation of Old English wealcan (“to move round, revolve, roll, turn, toss”) (ġewealcan (“to go, traverse”)) and Old English wealcian (“to curl, roll up”); both from Proto-West Germanic *walkan, from Proto-Germanic *walkaną, *walkōną (“to twist, turn, roll about, full”), from Proto-Indo-European *walg- (“to twist, turn, move”).
Cognate with Scots walk (“to walk”), Saterland Frisian walkje (“to full; drum; flex; mill”), West Frisian swalkje (“to wander, roam”), Dutch walken (“to full, work hair or felt”), Dutch zwalken (“to wander about”), German walken (“to flex, full, mill, drum”), Danish valke (“to waulk, full”), Latin valgus (“bandy-legged, bow-legged”), Sanskrit वल्गति (válgati, “amble, bound, leap, dance”). More at vagrant and whelk. Doublet of waulk.

cog

If you can’t present a better case, that robber is going to walk.

(intransitive, colloquial, law) To "walk free", i.e. to win, or avoid, a criminal court case, particularly when actually guilty.

gå fri

colloquial: to avoid a criminal court case


opposition

/ˌɒp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/

/ˌɑ.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

From Middle English opposicioun, from Old French oposicion (whence French opposition), from Late Latin oppositiō, translating Ancient Greek ἀντίθεσις (antíthesis), from the past participle stem of classical Latin oppōnō (“I set against”).

intellectual property
intellectual property

(law) In United States intellectual property law, a proceeding in which an interested party seeks to prevent the registration of a trademark or patent.

kiistäminen

legal: proceeding to prevent registration of a trademark or patent


credit

en-noun

credit (countable and uncountable, plural credits)

Borrowed from Middle French crédit (“belief, trust”), from Latin crēditum (“a loan, credit”), neuter of crēditus, past participle of crēdere (“to believe”). The verb is from the noun. Doublet of shraddha, creed.

In view of your payment record, we are happy to extend further credit to you.

(uncountable, law, business, finance) A privilege of delayed payment extended to a buyer or borrower on the seller's or lender's belief that what is given will be repaid.


battery

battery (countable and uncountable, plural batteries)

→ Korean: 배터리 (baeteori)

Borrowed from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie (“action of beating”), from batre (“battre”), from Latin battuō (“beat”), from Gaulish. Doublet of batterie. By surface analysis, batter + -y.
The sense “electric battery” was coined by American polymath Benjamin Franklin by analogy with a military battery that his series of Leyden jars resembled.

coin

Holonym: assault and battery

[…] A battery is the actual infliction of unlawful personal violence. […] [The defendant] fell to the ground and lashed out with his feet and in doing so kicked the hand of one of the police officers, fracturing a bone. He was charged with assault […] although this was a battery.

2003, Mike Molan, Modern Criminal Law, 5th edition, 7.2.2-3, pages 221–222:

He offered three types of battery for which Mr. Trump might be liable under New York law: rape, sexual abuse and forcible touching.

2023 May 9, Lola Fadulu, “New York law gave jurors three types of battery to consider in the Trump case.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

An order asserted itself, and the hoods on the furnaces were oped wide, and a final march was organized. The wails of the injured and the roars of the dead-on-the-march overwhelmed the tinny speakers in the cell, and they all watched as nearly one thousand people reduced themselves to a few frantic hundred in less than an hour, then settled into a sustained orgy of battery, rapine and rape with no end in sight but the total depopulation of the entire facility.

2024 September 28, Harry Blank, “Not Ready for Prime Time”, in Deadlined, →ISBN, page 604:

(law) The infliction of unlawful physical violence on a person, legally distinguished from assault, which involves the threat of impending violence.


فتوى

ar-noun

فَتْوَى • (fatwā) f (dual فَتْوَيَانِ (fatwayāni), plural فَتَاوَى (fatāwā) or فَتَاوٍ (fatāwin))

فَتْوَى (canonical)
fatwā (romanization)
فَتْوَيَانِ (dual)
فَتَاوَى (plural)
فَتَاوٍ (plural)
فَتْوَى (indefinite informal invariable singular)
الْفَتْوَى (definite informal invariable singular)
فَتْوَى (construct informal invariable singular)
فَتْوَى (indefinite invariable nominative singular)
الْفَتْوَى (definite invariable nominative singular)
فَتْوَى (construct invariable nominative singular)
فَتْوَى (accusative indefinite invariable singular)
الْفَتْوَى (accusative definite invariable singular)
فَتْوَى (accusative construct invariable singular)
فَتْوَى (genitive indefinite invariable singular)
الْفَتْوَى (definite genitive invariable singular)
فَتْوَى (construct genitive invariable singular)
فَتْوَيَيْن (dual indefinite informal invariable singular)
الْفَتْوَيَيْن (definite dual informal invariable singular)
فَتْوَيَيْ (construct dual informal invariable singular)
فَتْوَيَانِ (dual indefinite invariable nominative singular)
الْفَتْوَيَانِ (definite dual invariable nominative singular)
فَتْوَيَا (construct dual invariable nominative singular)
فَتْوَيَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite invariable singular)
الْفَتْوَيَيْنِ (accusative definite dual invariable singular)
فَتْوَيَيْ (accusative construct dual invariable singular)
فَتْوَيَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite invariable singular)
الْفَتْوَيَيْنِ (definite dual genitive invariable singular)
فَتْوَيَيْ (construct dual genitive invariable singular)
فَتَاوَى (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
فَتَاوَى (broken-form indefinite informal invariable plural)
فَتَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
فَتَاوِي (broken-form indefinite informal invariable plural)
الْفَتَاوَى (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
الْفَتَاوَى (broken-form definite informal invariable plural)
الْفَتَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
الْفَتَاوِي (broken-form definite informal invariable plural)
فَتَاوَى (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
فَتَاوَى (broken-form construct informal invariable plural)
فَتَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
فَتَاوِي (broken-form construct informal invariable plural)
فَتَاوَى (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
فَتَاوَى (broken-form indefinite invariable nominative plural)
فَتَاوٍ (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
فَتَاوٍ (broken-form indefinite invariable nominative plural)
الْفَتَاوَى (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
الْفَتَاوَى (broken-form definite invariable nominative plural)
الْفَتَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
الْفَتَاوِي (broken-form definite invariable nominative plural)
فَتَاوَى (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
فَتَاوَى (broken-form construct invariable nominative plural)
فَتَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
فَتَاوِي (broken-form construct invariable nominative plural)
فَتَاوَى (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
فَتَاوَى (accusative broken-form indefinite invariable plural)
فَتَاوِيَ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
فَتَاوِيَ (accusative broken-form indefinite invariable plural)
الْفَتَاوَى (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote plural)
الْفَتَاوَى (accusative broken-form definite invariable plural)
الْفَتَاوِيَ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote plural)
الْفَتَاوِيَ (accusative broken-form definite invariable plural)
فَتَاوَى (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote plural)
فَتَاوَى (accusative broken-form construct invariable plural)
فَتَاوِيَ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote plural)
فَتَاوِيَ (accusative broken-form construct invariable plural)
فَتَاوَى (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
فَتَاوَى (broken-form genitive indefinite invariable plural)
فَتَاوٍ (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
فَتَاوٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite invariable plural)
الْفَتَاوَى (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
الْفَتَاوَى (broken-form definite genitive invariable plural)
الْفَتَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
الْفَتَاوِي (broken-form definite genitive invariable plural)
فَتَاوَى (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
فَتَاوَى (broken-form construct genitive invariable plural)
فَتَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
فَتَاوِي (broken-form construct genitive invariable plural)

ar-decl-noun

فَتَاوَى:inv

فَتَاوٍ:diin

→ Danish: fatwa

→ German: Fatwa

→ English: fatwa

→ Indonesian: fatwa

→ Malay: petua, fatwa

→ Indonesian: petuah

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فتوی (fetva)
Turkish: fetva
→ Albanian: fetva
→ Hungarian: fetva
→ Serbo-Croatian: fȅtva, фе̏тва

→ Persian: فتوا (fatvâ)

→ Portuguese: fátua

From Classical Syriac ܦܬܘܐ (peṯwā, “spinning out, breadth (of words)”), with some details in the sectarian semantics of Late Antiquity Aramaic crossed with Arabic, that led to the present specification, now being obscure. أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”) was parallelly borrowed.


abstème

(Quebec, law, historical) refusing to receive communion in Church under the species of wine


rescue

en-noun

rescue (countable and uncountable, plural rescues)

From Middle English rescouen, from Old French rescoure, rescurre, rescorre; from Latin prefix re- (“re-”) + excutere (“to shake or drive out”), from ex (“out”) + quatiō (“I shake”).

(law, largely obsolete) The act of unlawfully freeing a person, or confiscated goods, from custody.


fiction

fiction (countable and uncountable, plural fictions)

→ Irish: ficsean

→ Scottish Gaelic: ficsean

From Middle English ficcioun, from Old French ficcion (“dissimulation, ruse, invention”), from Latin fictiō (“a making, fashioning, a feigning, a rhetorical or legal fiction”), from fingō (“to form, mold, shape, devise, feign”). Displaced native Old English lēasspell (literally “false story”).


replevin

Anglo-Norman, from Old French replevir (“recover”), from re- + plevir (apparently from a Germanic word which was also the source of English pledge).

(law) An action to recover personal property unlawfully taken, especially that seized by way of distraint; the writ or procedure of such action.


location

→ German: Location

/ləʊˈkeɪʃən/

Borrowed from Latin locatio, locationis (“a placing”), from locare (“to place, put, set, let”), from locus (“a place”). Equivalent to locate + -ion.

(law, Scotland) A contract for the use of a thing, or service of a person, for hire.

(law, US) The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying the place or site of, a piece of land, according to the description given in an entry, plan, map, etc


ter

Learned borrowing from Latin ter (“thrice”).


trap

en-noun

trap (countable and uncountable, plural traps)

From Middle English trappe, from Old English træppe, treppe (“trap, snare”) (also in betræppan (“to trap”)) from Proto-West Germanic *trappjā (“trap, snare”), from Proto-West Germanic *trappjan (“to step”), from Proto-Germanic *trapjaną (“to tread, stamp”), from Proto-Indo-European *drebʰ- (“to step, trip, trample”).
Cognate with Dutch trap (“trap, snare”), German Low German Trapp (“trap”). Akin also to West Frisian traap (“stepping, treading, stairway”), German Treppe (“step, stair”), Old English træppan (“to step, tread”). Connection to "step" is "that upon which one steps". French trappe and Spanish trampa are ultimately borrowings from Germanic.

koppi

device used to hold and suddenly release an object

сифо́н

bend, sag, or other device in a waste-pipe to prevent the escape of noxious gases

vēuháutsīe

a type of trap to catch birds using bait with adjustable loop

trap street

A trick or arrangement designed to catch someone in a more general sense; a snare.

(by extension, cartography, law, technical) A (usually fictional) location or feature originally added to a map to detect plagiarism and copyright violations by other map makers or map services.


dom

dom (indefinite nominative singular)
doms (genitive indefinite singular)
domen (definite nominative singular)
domens (definite genitive singular)
domar (indefinite nominative plural)
domars (genitive indefinite plural)
domarna (definite nominative plural)
domarnas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse dómr (“judgement”), from Proto-Germanic *dōmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰóh₁mos.

(law) conviction, judgement of court, sentence, verdict, doom


discovery

en-noun

discovery (countable and uncountable, plural discoveries)

discoveries (plural)
discoverie (alternative obsolete)

from discover + -ery, on the pattern of the pair recover, recovery. Displaced native Old English onfundennes.

The prosecution moved to suppress certain items turned up during discovery.

(law, uncountable) A pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered.

vyšetřování

legal: pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered

The defense argued that the plaintiff's discovery was inadequate.

(law, uncountable) Materials revealed to the opposing party during the pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered.

näyttö

legal: materials revealed to the opposing party during the pre-trial phase


discover

en-verb

discover (third-person singular simple present discovers, present participle discovering, simple past and past participle discovered)

discovers (present singular third-person)
discovering (participle present)
discovered (participle past)
discovered (past)
discovre (alternative)

conceal

antonym(s) of “expose something previously covered”

From Middle English discoveren, from Old French descovrir, from Late Latin discoperīre < discooperiō, discooperīre, from Latin dis- + cooperiō. Displaced native Old English onfindan.

Indeed, the plaintiffs suggest that they may not need to call Ms. Samji at all if they are allowed to discover the defendant on the new documents before any new trial takes place.

2019 July 2, Ward K. Branch, “Gordon v. Canada, 2017 FC 454”, in CanLII, retrieved 2021-04-13:

(transitive, law) To question (a person) as part of discovery in a lawsuit.


acquiescence

en-noun

acquiescence (countable and uncountable, plural acquiescences)

(law) Inaction, passivity, or neglect to take legal action when it is called for in order to assert, preserve, or safeguard a right, and which inaction implies the abandonment of said right.

rechtsverwerking

inaction to take legal recourse which implies the abandonment of a right


acquittal

acquittal (countable and uncountable, plural acquittals)

acquittals (plural)
acquital (alternative)

(law) A legal decision that someone is not guilty with which they have been charged, or the formal dismissal of a charge by some other legal process.


acting

acting (countable and uncountable, plural actings)

(countable, law) Something done by a party—so called to avoid confusion with the legal senses of deed and action.


tale

From Middle English tale, from Old English talu (“tale, series, calculation”), from Proto-West Germanic *talu, from Proto-Germanic *talō (“calculation, number”), from Proto-Indo-European *del- (“to reckon, count”).
Cognate with West Frisian taal (“speech, language”), Dutch taal (“language, speech”), German Zahl (“number, figure”), Danish tale (“speech”), Icelandic tala (“speech, talk, discourse, number, figure”), Latin dolus (“guile, deceit, fraud”), Ancient Greek δόλος (dólos, “wile, bait”), Albanian ndjell (“to lure”), Northern Kurdish til (“finger”), Old Armenian տող (toł, “row”). Related to tell, talk.


instrument

From Middle English instrument, from Old French instrument, from Latin īnstrūmentum (“an implement, tool”),
From īnstruō (“build, construct; arrange”) + -mentum.

suffix

A bond indenture is the instrument that gives a bond its value.

Negotiable instruments are the foundation of the debt markets.

(law) A legal document, such as a contract, deed, trust, mortgage, power, indenture, or will.


actionable

en-adj

actionable (comparative more actionable, superlative most actionable)

more actionable (comparative)
most actionable (superlative)

From action + -able. Compare Late Latin actionabilis. See action.

I'm sure it's not good of me to write that he's a lush, but is it actionable?

Clearly the libelous book is actionable, but I'm not commenting on anything to do with legal issues.

"It may be so, or it may not, Mr. Holmes," said he, "but if you are so very sharp you ought to be sharp enough to know that it is you who are breaking the law now, and not me. I have done nothing actionable from the first, but as long as you keep that door locked you lay yourself open to an action for assault and illegal constraint."

1891 [September], A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Adventure III.—A Case of Identity.”, in Geo[rge] Newnes, editor, The Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, volume II (July to December), number [9], London: […], page 258, column 1:

(law) Affording grounds for legal action.


stale

stale (comparative staler, superlative stalest)

staler (comparative)
stalest (superlative)

From Middle English stale, from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), but probably originally from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): compare West Flemish stel in the same sense for ‘beer’ and ‘urine’.

a stale affidavit

a stale demand

The jury will rarely give credit to a stale complaint.

1769, William Blackstone, Common Laws of England, IV xv 211:

(law) Unreasonably long in coming, in reference to claims and actions.


administration

en-noun

administration (usually uncountable, plural administrations)

/ədˌmɪnəˈstɹeɪʃən/

From Middle English administracioun, from Old French administration, from Latin administratio, from administrare; see administer; compare French administration.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The company went into voluntary administration last week.

The other ambitions, and much of Prescott's plan, foundered just south of Hatfield that October, when a GNER express derailed on a shattered rail […], plunging the railway into a crisis that led to private track owner Railtrack being put into administration.

2024 September 4, Philip Haigh, “Can public-private partnerships be made to deliver?”, in RAIL, number 1017, page 52:

(uncountable, law, UK) An arrangement whereby an insolvent company can continue trading under supervision.


administrator

administrators (plural)
administratour (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin administrātor (literally “he that is near to attend”). Doublet of administrador.

bor+

(law) A person who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority

опеку́н

law: one to whom the right of administration has been committed


admiralty

en-noun

admiralty (countable and uncountable, plural admiralties)

From French amirauté, for an older amiralté (“office of admiral”), from Late Latin admīrālitās. See admiral. Analyzable as admiral + -ty.

(law) The court which has jurisdiction of maritime questions and offenses.

(law) The system of jurisprudence of admiralty courts.


admission

admission (countable and uncountable, plural admissions)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-admission.wav

Borrowed from Latin admissio, admissionis; compare French admission. See admit.

(law) Acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.

признание

(law) acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another

(British, ecclesiastical law) Declaration of the bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve the cure of the church to which he is presented.


advancement

advancement (countable and uncountable, plural advancements)

advancements (plural)
advancemente (alternative)
advauncement (alternative)
advauncemente (alternative)

From Middle English avancement, Old French avancement. See advance.
Morphologically advance + -ment

(law) Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.

voorschot op de erfenis

property given in advance of future distribution


admittance

admittance (countable and uncountable, plural admittances)

admittances (plural)
admittaunce (alternative)

(British, law) The act of giving possession of a copyhold estate.


-er

From Middle English -er, from Anglo-Norman -er, Old French -er, the infinitive verbal ending.

disclaim + -er → disclaimer

remit + -er → remitter

misname + -er → misnomer

rebut + -er → rebutter

attain + -er → attainder

(chiefly law, added to a verb) Instance of (the verbal action); used to form nouns from verbs.


agent

From Latin agēns, present active participle of agere (“to drive, lead, conduct, manage, perform, do”).


aggravated

en-adj

aggravated (comparative more aggravated, superlative most aggravated)

more aggravated (comparative)
most aggravated (superlative)

/ˈæɡ.ɹə.veɪ̯tɪd/

(criminology) Of or characterized by factors that increase the heinousness or offensiveness of the criminal offense.


aggrieved

aggrieved (comparative more aggrieved, superlative most aggrieved)

more aggrieved (comparative)
most aggrieved (superlative)

The aggrieved person may present their petition to the court for review.

(law) Having one's rights denied or curtailed.