property law

(law) The area of law concerned with the ownership and conveyance of property rights and title.

ejendomsret

area of law concerned with property rights


kohta

kohta (nominative singular)
kohdat (nominative plural)
kohta (accusative nominative singular)
kohdat (accusative nominative plural)
kohdan (accusative genitive singular)
kohdat (accusative genitive plural)
kohdan (genitive singular)
kohtien (genitive plural)
kohtain (genitive plural rare)
kohtaa (partitive singular)
kohtia (partitive plural)
kohdassa (inessive singular)
kohdissa (inessive plural)
kohdasta (elative singular)
kohdista (elative plural)
kohtaan (illative singular)
kohtiin (illative plural)
kohdalla (adessive singular)
kohdilla (adessive plural)
kohdalta (ablative singular)
kohdilta (ablative plural)
kohdalle (allative singular)
kohdille (allative plural)
kohtana (essive singular)
kohtina (essive plural)
kohdaksi (singular translative)
kohdiksi (plural translative)
kohdatta (abessive singular)
kohditta (abessive plural)
kohdin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kohtani (nominative singular)
kohtani (nominative plural)
kohtani (accusative nominative singular)
kohtani (accusative nominative plural)
kohtani (accusative genitive singular)
kohtani (accusative genitive plural)
kohtani (genitive singular)
kohtieni (genitive plural)
kohtaini (genitive plural rare)
kohtaani (partitive singular)
kohtiani (partitive plural)
kohdassani (inessive singular)
kohdissani (inessive plural)
kohdastani (elative singular)
kohdistani (elative plural)
kohtaani (illative singular)
kohtiini (illative plural)
kohdallani (adessive singular)
kohdillani (adessive plural)
kohdaltani (ablative singular)
kohdiltani (ablative plural)
kohdalleni (allative singular)
kohdilleni (allative plural)
kohtanani (essive singular)
kohtinani (essive plural)
kohdakseni (singular translative)
kohdikseni (plural translative)
kohdattani (abessive singular)
kohdittani (abessive plural)
kohtineni (comitative plural)
kohtasi (nominative singular)
kohtasi (nominative plural)
kohtasi (accusative nominative singular)
kohtasi (accusative nominative plural)
kohtasi (accusative genitive singular)
kohtasi (accusative genitive plural)
kohtasi (genitive singular)
kohtiesi (genitive plural)
kohtaisi (genitive plural rare)
kohtaasi (partitive singular)
kohtiasi (partitive plural)
kohdassasi (inessive singular)
kohdissasi (inessive plural)
kohdastasi (elative singular)
kohdistasi (elative plural)
kohtaasi (illative singular)
kohtiisi (illative plural)
kohdallasi (adessive singular)
kohdillasi (adessive plural)
kohdaltasi (ablative singular)
kohdiltasi (ablative plural)
kohdallesi (allative singular)
kohdillesi (allative plural)
kohtanasi (essive singular)
kohtinasi (essive plural)
kohdaksesi (singular translative)
kohdiksesi (plural translative)
kohdattasi (abessive singular)
kohdittasi (abessive plural)
kohtinesi (comitative plural)
kohtamme (nominative singular)
kohtamme (nominative plural)
kohtamme (accusative nominative singular)
kohtamme (accusative nominative plural)
kohtamme (accusative genitive singular)
kohtamme (accusative genitive plural)
kohtamme (genitive singular)
kohtiemme (genitive plural)
kohtaimme (genitive plural rare)
kohtaamme (partitive singular)
kohtiamme (partitive plural)
kohdassamme (inessive singular)
kohdissamme (inessive plural)
kohdastamme (elative singular)
kohdistamme (elative plural)
kohtaamme (illative singular)
kohtiimme (illative plural)
kohdallamme (adessive singular)
kohdillamme (adessive plural)
kohdaltamme (ablative singular)
kohdiltamme (ablative plural)
kohdallemme (allative singular)
kohdillemme (allative plural)
kohtanamme (essive singular)
kohtinamme (essive plural)
kohdaksemme (singular translative)
kohdiksemme (plural translative)
kohdattamme (abessive singular)
kohdittamme (abessive plural)
kohtinemme (comitative plural)
kohtanne (nominative singular)
kohtanne (nominative plural)
kohtanne (accusative nominative singular)
kohtanne (accusative nominative plural)
kohtanne (accusative genitive singular)
kohtanne (accusative genitive plural)
kohtanne (genitive singular)
kohtienne (genitive plural)
kohtainne (genitive plural rare)
kohtaanne (partitive singular)
kohtianne (partitive plural)
kohdassanne (inessive singular)
kohdissanne (inessive plural)
kohdastanne (elative singular)
kohdistanne (elative plural)
kohtaanne (illative singular)
kohtiinne (illative plural)
kohdallanne (adessive singular)
kohdillanne (adessive plural)
kohdaltanne (ablative singular)
kohdiltanne (ablative plural)
kohdallenne (allative singular)
kohdillenne (allative plural)
kohtananne (essive singular)
kohtinanne (essive plural)
kohdaksenne (singular translative)
kohdiksenne (plural translative)
kohdattanne (abessive singular)
kohdittanne (abessive plural)
kohtinenne (comitative plural)
kohtansa (nominative singular)
kohtansa (nominative plural)
kohtansa (accusative nominative singular)
kohtansa (accusative nominative plural)
kohtansa (accusative genitive singular)
kohtansa (accusative genitive plural)
kohtansa (genitive singular)
kohtiensa (genitive plural)
kohtainsa (genitive plural rare)
kohtaansa (partitive singular)
kohtiaan (partitive plural)
kohtiansa (partitive plural)
kohdassaan (inessive singular)
kohdassansa (inessive singular)
kohdissaan (inessive plural)
kohdissansa (inessive plural)
kohdastaan (elative singular)
kohdastansa (elative singular)
kohdistaan (elative plural)
kohdistansa (elative plural)
kohtaansa (illative singular)
kohtiinsa (illative plural)
kohdallaan (adessive singular)
kohdallansa (adessive singular)
kohdillaan (adessive plural)
kohdillansa (adessive plural)
kohdaltaan (ablative singular)
kohdaltansa (ablative singular)
kohdiltaan (ablative plural)
kohdiltansa (ablative plural)
kohdalleen (allative singular)
kohdallensa (allative singular)
kohdilleen (allative plural)
kohdillensa (allative plural)
kohtanaan (essive singular)
kohtanansa (essive singular)
kohtinaan (essive plural)
kohtinansa (essive plural)
kohdakseen (singular translative)
kohdaksensa (singular translative)
kohdikseen (plural translative)
kohdiksensa (plural translative)
kohdattaan (abessive singular)
kohdattansa (abessive singular)
kohdittaan (abessive plural)
kohdittansa (abessive plural)
kohtineen (comitative plural)
kohtinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *kokta, possibly from Proto-Uralic *kopta or from Baltic. Cognate with Estonian koht.

(law) paragraph (subdivision of a legal text smaller than a momentti (“subsection”))


pesä

pesä (nominative singular)
pesät (nominative plural)
pesä (accusative nominative singular)
pesät (accusative nominative plural)
pesän (accusative genitive singular)
pesät (accusative genitive plural)
pesän (genitive singular)
pesien (genitive plural)
pesäin (genitive plural rare)
pesää (partitive singular)
pesiä (partitive plural)
pesässä (inessive singular)
pesissä (inessive plural)
pesästä (elative singular)
pesistä (elative plural)
pesään (illative singular)
pesiin (illative plural)
pesällä (adessive singular)
pesillä (adessive plural)
pesältä (ablative singular)
pesiltä (ablative plural)
pesälle (allative singular)
pesille (allative plural)
pesänä (essive singular)
pesinä (essive plural)
pesäksi (singular translative)
pesiksi (plural translative)
pesättä (abessive singular)
pesittä (abessive plural)
pesin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
pesäni (nominative singular)
pesäni (nominative plural)
pesäni (accusative nominative singular)
pesäni (accusative nominative plural)
pesäni (accusative genitive singular)
pesäni (accusative genitive plural)
pesäni (genitive singular)
pesieni (genitive plural)
pesäini (genitive plural rare)
pesääni (partitive singular)
pesiäni (partitive plural)
pesässäni (inessive singular)
pesissäni (inessive plural)
pesästäni (elative singular)
pesistäni (elative plural)
pesääni (illative singular)
pesiini (illative plural)
pesälläni (adessive singular)
pesilläni (adessive plural)
pesältäni (ablative singular)
pesiltäni (ablative plural)
pesälleni (allative singular)
pesilleni (allative plural)
pesänäni (essive singular)
pesinäni (essive plural)
pesäkseni (singular translative)
pesikseni (plural translative)
pesättäni (abessive singular)
pesittäni (abessive plural)
pesineni (comitative plural)
pesäsi (nominative singular)
pesäsi (nominative plural)
pesäsi (accusative nominative singular)
pesäsi (accusative nominative plural)
pesäsi (accusative genitive singular)
pesäsi (accusative genitive plural)
pesäsi (genitive singular)
pesiesi (genitive plural)
pesäisi (genitive plural rare)
pesääsi (partitive singular)
pesiäsi (partitive plural)
pesässäsi (inessive singular)
pesissäsi (inessive plural)
pesästäsi (elative singular)
pesistäsi (elative plural)
pesääsi (illative singular)
pesiisi (illative plural)
pesälläsi (adessive singular)
pesilläsi (adessive plural)
pesältäsi (ablative singular)
pesiltäsi (ablative plural)
pesällesi (allative singular)
pesillesi (allative plural)
pesänäsi (essive singular)
pesinäsi (essive plural)
pesäksesi (singular translative)
pesiksesi (plural translative)
pesättäsi (abessive singular)
pesittäsi (abessive plural)
pesinesi (comitative plural)
pesämme (nominative singular)
pesämme (nominative plural)
pesämme (accusative nominative singular)
pesämme (accusative nominative plural)
pesämme (accusative genitive singular)
pesämme (accusative genitive plural)
pesämme (genitive singular)
pesiemme (genitive plural)
pesäimme (genitive plural rare)
pesäämme (partitive singular)
pesiämme (partitive plural)
pesässämme (inessive singular)
pesissämme (inessive plural)
pesästämme (elative singular)
pesistämme (elative plural)
pesäämme (illative singular)
pesiimme (illative plural)
pesällämme (adessive singular)
pesillämme (adessive plural)
pesältämme (ablative singular)
pesiltämme (ablative plural)
pesällemme (allative singular)
pesillemme (allative plural)
pesänämme (essive singular)
pesinämme (essive plural)
pesäksemme (singular translative)
pesiksemme (plural translative)
pesättämme (abessive singular)
pesittämme (abessive plural)
pesinemme (comitative plural)
pesänne (nominative singular)
pesänne (nominative plural)
pesänne (accusative nominative singular)
pesänne (accusative nominative plural)
pesänne (accusative genitive singular)
pesänne (accusative genitive plural)
pesänne (genitive singular)
pesienne (genitive plural)
pesäinne (genitive plural rare)
pesäänne (partitive singular)
pesiänne (partitive plural)
pesässänne (inessive singular)
pesissänne (inessive plural)
pesästänne (elative singular)
pesistänne (elative plural)
pesäänne (illative singular)
pesiinne (illative plural)
pesällänne (adessive singular)
pesillänne (adessive plural)
pesältänne (ablative singular)
pesiltänne (ablative plural)
pesällenne (allative singular)
pesillenne (allative plural)
pesänänne (essive singular)
pesinänne (essive plural)
pesäksenne (singular translative)
pesiksenne (plural translative)
pesättänne (abessive singular)
pesittänne (abessive plural)
pesinenne (comitative plural)
pesänsä (nominative singular)
pesänsä (nominative plural)
pesänsä (accusative nominative singular)
pesänsä (accusative nominative plural)
pesänsä (accusative genitive singular)
pesänsä (accusative genitive plural)
pesänsä (genitive singular)
pesiensä (genitive plural)
pesäinsä (genitive plural rare)
pesäänsä (partitive singular)
pesiään (partitive plural)
pesiänsä (partitive plural)
pesässään (inessive singular)
pesässänsä (inessive singular)
pesissään (inessive plural)
pesissänsä (inessive plural)
pesästään (elative singular)
pesästänsä (elative singular)
pesistään (elative plural)
pesistänsä (elative plural)
pesäänsä (illative singular)
pesiinsä (illative plural)
pesällään (adessive singular)
pesällänsä (adessive singular)
pesillään (adessive plural)
pesillänsä (adessive plural)
pesältään (ablative singular)
pesältänsä (ablative singular)
pesiltään (ablative plural)
pesiltänsä (ablative plural)
pesälleen (allative singular)
pesällensä (allative singular)
pesilleen (allative plural)
pesillensä (allative plural)
pesänään (essive singular)
pesänänsä (essive singular)
pesinään (essive plural)
pesinänsä (essive plural)
pesäkseen (singular translative)
pesäksensä (singular translative)
pesikseen (plural translative)
pesiksensä (plural translative)
pesättään (abessive singular)
pesättänsä (abessive singular)
pesittään (abessive plural)
pesittänsä (abessive plural)
pesineen (comitative plural)
pesinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *pesä, from Proto-Uralic *pesä. Cognate with Karelian pešä, Estonian pesa, Erzya пизэ (pizë) and Hungarian fészek.

(law) estate (collected property of a person or corporate entity)


suitor

From Middle English sutour, from Anglo-Norman suytour, seuter, from Late Latin secutor (“follower, pursuer”).


制裁

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰai²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰai²³/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai²⁴/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai¹³/

/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰai²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰai²³/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai²⁴/

/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai¹³/

/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵⁵/

經濟制裁

经济制裁

減輕制裁

减轻制裁


制裁

経済制裁

アラブ連盟が制裁を決めたあともアサド政権による弾圧が続く

Arabu Renmei ga seisai o kimeta ato mo Asado seiken ni yoru dan'atsu ga tsuzuku

The Assad administration continues oppression even after the Arab League imposed sanctions


制裁

ja-verb-suru

制(せい)裁(さい)する • (seisai suru) suru (stem 制(せい)裁(さい)し (seisai shi), past 制(せい)裁(さい)した (seisai shita))

制裁する (canonical)
seisai suru (romanization)
制裁し (stem)
制裁した (past)
制裁し
せいさいし
seisai shi
制裁する
せいさいする
seisai suru
制裁すれ
せいさいすれ
seisai sure
制裁せよ (imperative literary)
制裁しろ (colloquial imperative)
せいさいせよ (imperative literary)
せいさいしろ (colloquial imperative)
seisai seyo (imperative literary)
seisai shiro (colloquial imperative)
制裁される (passive)
せいさいされる (passive)
seisai sareru (passive)
制裁させる (causative)
制裁さす (causative)
せいさいさせる (causative)
せいさいさす (causative)
seisai saseru (causative)
seisai sasu (causative)
制裁できる (potential)
せいさいできる (potential)
seisai dekiru (potential)
制裁しよう (volitional)
せいさいしよう (volitional)
seisai shiyō (volitional)
制裁しない (negative)
せいさいしない (negative)
seisai shinai (negative)
制裁せず (continuative negative)
せいさいせず (continuative negative)
seisai sezu (continuative negative)
制裁します (formal)
せいさいします (formal)
seisai shimasu (formal)
制裁した (perfective)
せいさいした (perfective)
seisai shita (perfective)
制裁して (conjunctive)
せいさいして (conjunctive)
seisai shite (conjunctive)
制裁すれば (conditional hypothetical)
せいさいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
seisai sureba (conditional hypothetical)


gestor

STANDARD BANK FINANCIAL SERVICES LTD v TAYLAM (PTY) LTD 1979 (2) SA 383 (C) @p388.
his quasi- contractual relationship was brought about where the gestor, acting without a mandate, rendered a service to the dominus - in this instance the debtor - and in doing so acted reasonably and in the interest of the dominus with the intention not only of administering the affairs of the dominus but also of being compensated for such administration.


mala fide

Unadapted borrowing from Latin malā fidē (“in bad faith”).

ubor

Having regard to this dictum it is clear to me that the plaintiff cannot rely on negotiorum gestorum to recover damages. The gestor, ie the plaintiff, did not intend to serve the dominus, ie the defendants. The gestor did not act bona fide in the mistaken belief that he was serving the dominus. It was the plaintiff's evidence that in an attempt to preserve its good name and reputation it was decided to accept the cancellation of the agreement. It is thus clear that the gestor, the plaintiff acted mala fide in its own interest. In my view, the plaintiff cannot succeed on this principle of negotiorum gestorum.

2001, Maritime Motors (PTY) LTD v Von Steiger and another, 2001 (2) SA 584 (SE) @ 600


atentado

(law) attack (illegal act of violence toward another)


Campbell

* As a Scottish surname, from Scottish Gaelic Caimbeul, from cam (“crooked”) + beul (“mouth”). Compare Cameron, from Scottish Gaelic cam (“crooked”) + sròn (“nose”).
* As an Irish surname, from Mac Cathmhaoil (“son of Cathmhaol”), see Caulfield, Cowell.
* As an English surname, variant of Camel, probably influenced by the above.
* (duck breed): Developed by Adele Campbell.

(US, law, copyright law, US politics, informal, uncountable) Ellipsis of Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., a 1994 U.S. Supreme Court case that held that commercial parodies can be subject to fair use.


lay a foundation

en-verb

lay a foundation (third-person singular simple present lays a foundation, present participle laying a foundation, simple past and past participle laid a foundation)

lays a foundation (present singular third-person)
laying a foundation (participle present)
laid a foundation (participle past)
laid a foundation (past)

Figurative senses from the idea of laying a foundation as the first step in constructing a building.

In order to lay a foundation for the witness to describe the murder, the prosecutor first had to show that the witness was present when the murder occurred.

(law) To elicit information from a witness to show that the witness has knowledge of a matter before the witness testifies to the matter itself.


overrule

overrule (third-person singular simple present overrules, present participle overruling, simple past and past participle overruled)

overrules (present singular third-person)
overruling (participle present)
overruled (participle past)
overruled (past)

/ˌəʊ.vəˈɹuːl/

(transitive, law) To dismiss or throw out (a protest or objection) at a court.

отхвърлям

to dismiss or throw out a protest at a court


as of right

He may appeal the ruling as of right.

Parliament shall sit as of right.

The Constitutional Council shall, as of right, carry out such an examination.

But we have been educated, by a warped system, to believe that food is cheap as of right. That is why many of us are now suffering sticker shock when we eat out.

2023 June 10, Tim Hayward, “The pie's the limit”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 2:

(law) By virtue of an entitlement or authority which arises from certain legal conditions or circumstances; by operation of law.

itse lain nojalla

by virtue of an entitlement or authority which arises from certain legal conditions or circumstances


Korb

de-noun

Korb m (strong, genitive Korbes or Korbs, plural Körbe, diminutive Körbchen n or Körblein n)

Korbes (genitive)
Korbs (genitive)
Körbe (plural)
Körbchen (diminutive neuter)
Körblein (diminutive neuter)
Korb (nominative singular)
Körbe (definite nominative plural)
Korbes (genitive singular)
Korbs (genitive singular)
Körbe (definite genitive plural)
Korb (dative singular)
Korbe (dative singular)
Körben (dative definite plural)
Korb (accusative singular)
Körbe (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German korp, from Old High German korb, chorp, from Proto-West Germanic *korb.
The sense “rejection of a (romantic) request” is formed back from the expressions einen Korb geben (“to so reject”), einen Korb kriegen (“to be so rejected”). These derive from certain older customs, which involved a bottomless basket as a symbol of the end or inexistence of love. The further origin of this symbol seems uncertain, though it has been plausibly related to the apparent mediaeval practice of pulling a secret visitor up to one’s window in a basket. Compare the same in Dutch een korf krijgen and Swedish få korgen.

(figurative, often as ein ganzer Korb) a variety, selection, range

(law) a set of laws around a certain theme

a variety, selection, range
a set of laws around a certain theme


impleader

(law) A procedural device before trial in which a party joins a third party into a lawsuit because that party is liable to an original defendant.


distrain

en-verb

distrain (third-person singular simple present distrains, present participle distraining, simple past and past participle distrained)

distrains (present singular third-person)
distraining (participle present)
distrained (participle past)
distrained (past)

From Middle English distreynen, from Old French destraindre, from Latin distringō (“to pull asunder”), from dis- (“apart”) + stringō (“to draw tight, strain”).

to distrain a person by his goods and chattels

(law, transitive, obsolete) To force (someone) to do something by seizing their property.

anektować

(law, intransitive) To seize somebody's property in place of, or to force, payment of a debt.

налагам запор

To seize somebody's property in place of payment of a debt

distress

to seize somebody's property in place of, or to force payment of a debt


acceleration clause

en-noun

acceleration clause (plural acceleration clauses)

Joe was mortified to learn that his failure to make a scheduled car payment triggered an acceleration clause requiring that the entire balance due on the car be paid immediately.

(law) a provision in a contract that makes all obligations to be performed under the contract due immediately upon a specific occurrence, such as a breach


pluralism

pluralism (countable and uncountable, plural pluralisms)

(law) The existence of differing legal systems in a population or area.


plunderage

(maritime law) The embezzlement of goods on shipboard.


pollicitation

(Roman law) A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not been accepted by the person to whom it is made.


acquitter

acquitter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
acquittant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
acquitté (participle past)
acquitte (first-person indicative present singular)
acquittes (indicative present second-person singular)
acquitte (indicative present singular third-person)
acquittons (first-person indicative plural present)
acquittez (indicative plural present second-person)
acquittent (indicative plural present third-person)
acquittais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
acquittais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
acquittait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
acquittions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
acquittiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
acquittaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
acquittai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
acquittas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
acquitta (historic indicative past singular third-person)
acquittâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
acquittâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
acquittèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
acquitterai (first-person future indicative singular)
acquitteras (future indicative second-person singular)
acquittera (future indicative singular third-person)
acquitterons (first-person future indicative plural)
acquitterez (future indicative plural second-person)
acquitteront (future indicative plural third-person)
acquitterais (conditional first-person singular)
acquitterais (conditional second-person singular)
acquitterait (conditional singular third-person)
acquitterions (conditional first-person plural)
acquitteriez (conditional plural second-person)
acquitteraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
acquitte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
acquittes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
acquitte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
acquittions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
acquittiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
acquittent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
acquittasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
acquittasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
acquittât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
acquittassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
acquittassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
acquittassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
acquitte (imperative second-person singular)
acquittons (first-person imperative plural)
acquittez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old French acquiter, from Medieval Latin acquitāre, adquietāre (“to pay a debt”), from ad- + quitare (“to set free”), from Late Latin quietāre.


prior knowledge

All our policies require a declaration of no prior knowledge as a matter of routine.

(insurance law) Prior to the inception of an insurance policy, knowledge of specific extant circumstances that could reasonably give rise to a claim under that policy.


promissory

From Middle English promissorye, from Medieval Latin prōmissōrius.

(law, of a contractual provision) Stipulating the future actions required of the parties to an insurance policy or other business agreement.


attorney-client privilege

attorney-client privilege (countable and uncountable, plural attorney-client privileges)

(law) A legal doctrine that protects certain confidential communications between a lawyer and his or her clients.

律師—客戶特權 /律师—客户特权

law: legal doctrine that protects certain confidential communications between a lawyer and his or her clients


solicitor-client privilege

attorney-client privilege
attorney-client privilege#English

(law) Synonym of attorney-client privilege.


recompensation

recompensation (countable and uncountable, plural recompensations)

From recompense + -ation. Equivalent to re- + compensation.

(Scotland law, obsolete) A plea in cases of debt collection whereby a plaintiff counters a defendant's claim of compensation as a reason for absolving the alleged debt.


государственный

ru-adj

госуда́рственный

госуда́рственный • (gosudárstvennyj) (no comparative)

госуда́рственный (canonical)
gosudárstvennyj (romanization)
госуда́рственный (masculine nominative)
госуда́рственное (neuter nominative)
госуда́рственная (feminine nominative)
госуда́рственные (nominative plural)
госуда́рственного (genitive masculine neuter)
госуда́рственной (feminine genitive)
госуда́рственных (genitive plural)
госуда́рственному (dative masculine neuter)
госуда́рственной (dative feminine)
госуда́рственным (dative plural)
госуда́рственного (accusative animate masculine)
госуда́рственное (accusative neuter)
госуда́рственную (accusative feminine)
госуда́рственных (accusative animate plural)
госуда́рственный (accusative inanimate masculine)
госуда́рственные (accusative inanimate plural)
госуда́рственным (instrumental masculine neuter)
госуда́рственной (feminine instrumental)
госуда́рственною (feminine instrumental)
госуда́рственными (instrumental plural)
госуда́рственном (masculine neuter prepositional)
госуда́рственной (feminine prepositional)
госуда́рственных (plural prepositional)
госуда́рственен (masculine short-form)
госуда́рствен (masculine short-form)
госуда́рственно (neuter short-form)
госуда́рственна (feminine short-form)
госуда́рственны (plural short-form)
госуда́рственный (dated masculine nominative)
госуда́рственное (dated neuter nominative)
госуда́рственная (dated feminine nominative)
госуда́рственные (dated masculine nominative plural)
госуда́рственныя (dated feminine neuter nominative plural)
госуда́рственнаго (dated genitive masculine neuter)
госуда́рственной (dated feminine genitive)
госуда́рственныхъ (dated feminine genitive masculine neuter)
госуда́рственному (dated dative masculine neuter)
госуда́рственной (dated dative feminine)
госуда́рственнымъ (dated dative feminine masculine neuter)
госуда́рственнаго (accusative animate dated masculine)
госуда́рственное (accusative dated neuter)
госуда́рственную (accusative dated feminine)
госуда́рственныхъ (accusative animate dated feminine masculine neuter)
госуда́рственный (accusative dated inanimate masculine)
госуда́рственные (accusative dated inanimate masculine plural)
госуда́рственныя (accusative dated feminine inanimate neuter plural)
госуда́рственнымъ (dated instrumental masculine neuter)
госуда́рственной (dated feminine instrumental)
госуда́рственною (dated feminine instrumental)
госуда́рственными (dated feminine instrumental masculine neuter)
госуда́рственномъ (dated masculine neuter prepositional)
госуда́рственной (dated feminine prepositional)
госуда́рственныхъ (dated feminine masculine neuter prepositional)
госуда́рствененъ (dated masculine short-form)
госуда́рственъ (dated masculine short-form)
госуда́рственно (dated neuter short-form)
госуда́рственна (dated feminine short-form)
госуда́рственны (dated feminine masculine neuter short-form)
гос- (alternative)

ru-decl-adj

госуда́рственный

госуда́рственный

desc

государственн

→ Kalmyk: государственн (gosudarstvenn)

судаарыстыбаннай

государственнай

→ Yakut: судаарыстыбаннай (sudaarıstıbannay), государственнай (gosudarstvennay)

Ru-государственный.ogg

госуда́рство (gosudárstvo) + -енный (-ennyj)

af

госуда́рство

госуда́рственный переворо́т


комитет

Borrowed from Russian комитет (komitet).


binn

head

binn f (genitive singular binne, plural binnean)

binne (genitive singular)
binnean (plural)
binn
bhinn

From Proto-Celtic *bendi, *benni, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), see also Sanskrit भान (bhāna, “evidence”), English ban (“public proclamation, edict”).

cog

(law) sentence, judgement, verdict, decision, condemnation


tortious

en-adj

tortious (comparative more tortious, superlative most tortious)

more tortious (comparative)
most tortious (superlative)

(law) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of torts.


lodestar

lodestars (plural)
lode starre (alternative)
loadstar (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lodestar.wav

From Middle English lode (“journey, course”) + star, where lode is an archaic noun from the verb lithe (“to go, journey”), related to lead. Other Middle English spellings include: 14th century loode sterre, lood-sterre, lade-sterne; and 15th century lode sterre. Cognate with Old Norse leiðarstjarna, Dutch leidster, German Leitstern, Danish ledestjerne, Swedish ledstjärna.

Many, though not all, of the objections to lodestars seem to us to be overstated.

1992, Richard L. Marcus, Complex litigation: cases and materials on advanced civil procedure:

(law) A calculated amount to award as attorney's fees derived by multiplying the reasonable number of hours spent working on a case by the reasonable hourly billing rate.


laches

From Anglo-Norman laches, from Old French lachesse (“laxness”), from laschier, from Vulgar Latin laxico, frequentative of Latin laxo (“relax, moderate, weaken”).

It ill became him to take advantage of such a laches with the eagerness of a shrewd attorney.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XV, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

(law) An unreasonable delay in bringing a claim alleging a wrong, which means the person who waited shall not be permitted to seek an equitable remedy because the delay prejudiced the moving party.


letters patent

From letters patents (archaic), from Late Middle English lettres patentes, lettres patent (“document or documents granting a privilege, power, or right, making an appointment or decree, etc.”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman lettres patentes (the plural of lettre patente), from Latin litterae patentēs, the plural of littera patēns (so called because they were written on open sheets of parchment), from littera (“letter”) + patēns (“accessible, open”) (the present active participle of pateō (“to be accessible or open; to be clear or evident”), from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out; to fly”)). The English term is analysable as letters + patent (“open, unconcealed; (archaic) open to public perusal”).

nb...

letres patentes, letters patentes, lettirs patentes, lettre patent, lettres patents, patent lettre, patente lettres

compound

(law) A type of legal document in the form of an open letter issued by an authority to direct that some action be taken; to grant a monopoly, right, status, or title to a person or organization; to record a contract.

patentbrief

英皇制誥 /英皇制诰 (Yīnghuáng zhìgào, literally “decree of the United Kingdom monarch”)


third-party claim

en-noun

third-party claim (plural third-party claims)

(law) A derivative lawsuit brought by a defendant in an original lawsuit, claiming that another new party being brought in is responsible for or should share in the plaintiff's damages against the defendant.


after the fact

/ˌɑːftə ðə ˈfækt/

/ˌæftɚ ðə ˈfækt/

(law) After the occurrence of some action or event, such as a crime or the formation of a contract.


unilateral contract

unilateral contract (plural unilateral contracts)

(law) An agreement in which an offeror's offer can be accepted only by the performance of an act by the offeree; a "promise for a performance".


alter ego

/ˈɔːl.təɹ iːɡəʊ/

From Latin alter ego (literally “other me”).

Captain Underpants
Emma Watson
Hermione Granger
Lois Lane
Miley Stewart
Superwoman
alter ego

(law) A corporation used by a person to conduct personal business in an attempt to shield himself or herself from personal liability, and which a court may penetrate by "piercing the corporate veil" to impose liability on the person when they commit fraud or injustice.


muller

prendre muller


conclusions

(European Union law) opinion (judicial opinion delivered by an Advocate General to the European Court of Justice for a legal solution in a case)


immovable

en-adj

immovable (comparative more immovable, superlative most immovable)

more immovable (comparative)
most immovable (superlative)
immoveable (alternative)

From Middle English immevable, immoveable. Equivalent to im- + movable.

an immovable estate

(law) not liable to be removed; permanent in place or tenure; fixed


immovable

immovables (plural)
immoveable (alternative)

(law, plural) Immovable objects or property, as land, buildings, etcetera.


seoir

seoir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
séant (gerund participle present)
seyant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
sis (participle past)
sieds (first-person indicative present singular)
sieds (indicative present second-person singular)
sied (indicative present singular third-person)
seyons (first-person indicative plural present)
seyez (indicative plural present second-person)
siéent (indicative plural present third-person)
seyais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
seyais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
seyait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
seyions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
seyiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
seyaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
sis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
sis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
sit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
sîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
sîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
sirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
siérai (first-person future indicative singular)
siéras (future indicative second-person singular)
siéra (future indicative singular third-person)
siérons (first-person future indicative plural)
siérez (future indicative plural second-person)
siéront (future indicative plural third-person)
siérais (conditional first-person singular)
siérais (conditional second-person singular)
siérait (conditional singular third-person)
siérions (conditional first-person plural)
siériez (conditional plural second-person)
siéraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
siée (first-person present singular subjunctive)
siées (present second-person singular subjunctive)
siée (present singular subjunctive third-person)
siéent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sieds (imperative second-person singular)
seyons (first-person imperative plural)
seyez (imperative plural second-person)
soir (alternative)

Inherited from Middle French seoir, from Old French seoir, from earlier sedeir, from Latin sedēre, from Proto-Italic *sedēō, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-.


sist

en-verb

sist (third-person singular simple present sists, present participle sisting, simple past and past participle sisted)

sists (present singular third-person)
sisting (participle present)
sisted (participle past)
sisted (past)

Latin sistō (“I bring to a stand, stop”).

der

(law, Scotland) To stay (e.g. judicial proceedings); to delay or suspend; to stop

Some, however, have preposterously sisted nature as the first or generative principle.

1852, William Hamilton, Discussions on Philosophy and Literature, Education and University Reform:

(law, Scotland) to cause to take a place, as at the bar of a court; hence, to cite; to summon; to bring into court


sist

Fourteen Days are only allowed for Sists of Execution, from the Date the Bill was signed, for the Clerks inquiring in the Condition of the Cautioner […]

1693, James Dalrymple Stair, The institutions of the law of Scotland, page 755:

(law, Scotland) a stay or suspension of proceedings


pendere

it-verb

pèndere (first-person singular present pèndo, first-person singular past historic pendétti or (traditional) pendètti or pendéi, past participle (rare) pendùto, auxiliary avére)

pèndere (canonical)
pèndo (first-person present singular)
pendétti (first-person historic past singular)
pendètti (first-person historic past singular traditional)
pendéi (first-person historic past singular)
pendùto (participle past rare)
avére (auxiliary)
pèndere (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
pendèndo (gerund)
pendènte (participle present)
pendùto (participle past rare)
pèndo (first-person indicative present singular)
pèndi (indicative present second-person singular)
pènde (indicative present singular third-person)
pendiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
pendéte (indicative plural present second-person)
pèndono (indicative plural present third-person)
pendévo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
pendévi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
pendéva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
pendevàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
pendevàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
pendévano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pendétti (first-person historic indicative past singular)
pendètti (Traditional first-person historic indicative past singular)
pendéi (first-person historic indicative past singular)
pendésti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
pendétte (historic indicative past singular third-person)
pendètte (Traditional historic indicative past singular third-person)
pendé (historic indicative past singular third-person)
pendémmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
pendéste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
pendéttero (historic indicative past plural third-person)
pendèttero (Traditional historic indicative past plural third-person)
pendérono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
penderò (first-person future indicative singular)
penderài (future indicative second-person singular)
penderà (future indicative singular third-person)
penderémo (first-person future indicative plural)
penderéte (future indicative plural second-person)
penderànno (future indicative plural third-person)
penderèi (conditional first-person singular)
penderésti (conditional second-person singular)
penderèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
penderébbe (conditional singular third-person)
penderémmo (conditional first-person plural)
penderéste (conditional plural second-person)
penderèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
penderébbero (conditional plural third-person)
pènda (first-person present singular subjunctive)
pènda (present second-person singular subjunctive)
pènda (present singular subjunctive third-person)
pendiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
pendiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
pèndano (plural present subjunctive third-person)
pendéssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pendéssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pendésse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pendéssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pendéste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pendéssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pèndi (imperative second-person singular)
pènda (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
pendiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
pendéte (imperative plural second-person)
pèndano (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
pèndere (imperative negative second-person singular)
pènda (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
pendiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
pendéte (imperative negative plural second-person)
pèndano (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

From Late Latin pendĕre (conjugation confused with or altered by pendere (“to suspend, hang”)) for Latin pendēre (“to hang down, to be suspended”), from Proto-Italic *pendēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”).

der

la vertenza pende da più di un anno

the lawsuit has been ongoing for over a year

(law) to be ongoing or pending (of a lawsuit, criminal case, etc.)


drunk driving

(law, automotive, US) The act of driving under the influence of alcohol.

Specifically, the criminal offence of driving with a blood alcohol content (BAC) level higher than the local legal limit.


sigillum

From Latin sigillum. Doublet of sigil and seal.


wobbler

(colloquial, law) A case that could go either way depending on factors that cannot be controlled.

(colloquial, law) A class of crime that can be charged as a lower penalty or a higher penalty, e.g. a crime punishable as either a misdemeanor or a felony at the discretion of the prosecutor.


fair use

en-noun

fair use (countable and uncountable, plural fair uses)

intellectual property
intellectual property

(copyright law) A doctrine in intellectual property law that permits one party to make use of another party's protected intellectual property (such as a copyright or trademark) under narrowly defined circumstances.

Many commentators have argued that training AI with copyrighted material constitutes “fair use”

2023 August 19, Alex Reisner, “Revealed: The Authors Whose Pirated Books Are Powering Generative AI”, in The Atlantic:

Use of another party's intellectual property that is protected by this doctrine.


per procurationem

to per pro (abbreviation)
p.p. (abbreviation)

Borrowed from Latin per procurationem (“by the agency of/on the instruction of/by proxy”).

bor

(law) by the agency of, especially when signing a letter in place of someone else


regering

nl-noun

regering f (plural regeringen, diminutive regerinkje n)

regeringen (plural)
regerinkje (diminutive neuter)
regeering (alternative archaic)

Afrikaans: regering

Negerhollands: regeering

/rəˈɣeː.rɪŋ/

De regering heeft nieuwe maatregelen aangekondigd.

The government has announced new measures.

Veel mensen zijn het niet eens met het beleid van de regering.

Many people disagree with the government's policy.

(law) government (a governing council: especially the executive branch of government)


notary public

en-noun

notary public (plural notaries public or (rare) notaries publics)

notaries public (plural)
notaries publics (plural rare)

Anglo-Norman/Law French, on model of notaire publique, hence the unusual order of adjective following noun, instead of idiomatic English *public notary. Compare attorney general, court martial, fee simple, secretary general, surgeon general.

(law) An officer who can administer oaths and statutory declarations, witness and authenticate documents and perform certain other acts varying from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.


notary

From Middle English notarie, from Old French notarie (French notaire), from Latin notārius.

Originally an official of the medieval European ecclesiastical courts, the notary developed into a noncontentious secular legal professional in France. In England, partly because the canon and secular laws were not on speaking terms, "the notarial system never took deep root." For one thing, an important aspect of the notary’s duties, his authority to "authenticate" documents, was of little use to the English. The whole notion of a state-sanctioned authenticator of private acts was entirely foreign to English common law; whereas in France we see notaries "making" and "passing" contracts, the common law left that to the parties.

1985, Morris Arnold, Unequal Laws Unto a Savage Race: European Legal Traditions in Arkansas, page 19:

Unlike the United States, where a notary public is often a clerk you find working in a bank or real estate office, a Mexican notary has a higher ranking than an ordinary attorney who is not a notary. (In Mexico all notaries are attorneys, but not all attorneys are notaries.)

2007, John Howells, Don Merwin, Choose Mexico for Retirement, 10th edition, →ISBN, page 49:

Although advocates sometimes get involved in drafting instruments, notaries continue to do most of this work in civil law nations.

2007, John Merryman, Rogelio Pérez-Perdomo, The Civil Law Tradition, 3rd edition, →ISBN, page 107:

It is not known whether any Puebla residents did go to the capital to bid for properties in their state because in such cases the purchases would have been formalized before a notary in Mexico City, [...]

2008, Alienation of Church Wealth in Mexico: Social and Economic Aspects, page 63:

(law, especially civil law) A lawyer of noncontentious private civil law who drafts, takes, and records legal instruments for private parties, and provides legal advice, but does not appear in court on his or her clients' behalf.

(common law) A public notary, a legal practitioner who prepares, attests to, and certifies documents, witnesses affidavits, and administers oaths.

The giving of legal advice by notaries and others who are not admitted to practice law is, in its opinion, dangerous to the welfare of the community, because such persons have not demonstrated their capacity [...]

1904, The Bulletin of the Commercial Law League of America, volumes 9-18, page 29:

Although signed by a notary in New York, it lacked a physical description or documentation. It could have been issued to anyone, or resold to anyone willing to change his name.

2001, Christopher H. Pyle, Extradition, Politics, and Human Rights, →ISBN, page 33:

"In 1961, there was a case Torcaso v. Watkins, in which a public notary in Maryland refused to take the oath, “so help me God,” and the court said he wasn't required to acknowledge God [although] the Maryland law said you were."

2004, Richard J. Rolwing, My Daily Constitution, volume IV, →ISBN, page 182:

This was completely unofficial, of course, since a notary in Vermont can only swear in people who plan to be working in Vermont, and they might as well have stayed in bed, but for a public relations ploy you couldn't beat it, […]

2007, Barbara Holland, Hail to the Chiefs, →ISBN, page 175:

(law, Canada, US) A notary public, a public officer who serves as an impartial witness to the signing of important documents, but who is not authorised to practise law.


dilution

dilution (countable and uncountable, plural dilutions)

trademark dilution
trademark dilution#English

(copyright law) Ellipsis of trademark dilution.


apel

apèl (canonical)
apel-apel (plural)
apél (alternative)

Borrowed from Dutch appel (“roll call, appeal”), previously spelled appèl, from Middle Dutch appeel, from Old French apel, deverbal of Old French apeler, from Latin appellāre, present active infinitive of Latin appellō. Cognate of Afrikaans appèl (“roll call; appeal”).

bor+

...dalam praktik “Raden van Justitie” dalam apel, tidak mengharuskan kepada hakim banding untuk meninjau....

In Raden van Justitie practice in appeal, appellate judge was not obligated to consider....

(law) appeal: an application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for re-examination or review


apel

...dan bisa apel di Pengadilan Tinggi.

(law) to appeal: to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


adjudication

en-noun

adjudication (countable and uncountable, plural adjudications)

Borrowed from Latin adiudicatio, adiudicationem.

In case two or more petitions for adjudication of bankruptcy shall be filed in different districts by different members of the same copartnership for an adjudication of the bankruptcy of said copartnership , the court in which the petition is first filed having jurisdiction[…]

1869, Benjamin Vaughan Abbott, A Treatise Upon the United States Courts, and Their Practice:

(law) The decision upon the question of whether the debtor is a bankrupt.

(law, Scotland) A process by which land is attached as security or in satisfaction of a debt.


calendar call

(law) A hearing at which a judge will require all attorneys with cases pending before the court to appear so that the court may schedule hearings and trials.


double jeopardy

(law) The act of trying someone twice for the same offense, especially after an acquittal in the first trial.

雙重追訴 /双重追诉

ertsa da imave današaulistvis sisxlis samartlis orǯer ṗasuxisgeba

ერთსა და იმავე დანაშაულისთვის სისხლის სამართლის ორჯერ პასუხისგება

sisxlis samartlis ṗasuxisgebaši orǯer micema erti da igive današaulistvis

სისხლის სამართლის პასუხისგებაში ორჯერ მიცემა ერთი და იგივე დანაშაულისთვის

risk dváždy ponestí ugolóvnuju otvétstvennostʹ za odnó i tó že prestuplénije

риск два́жды понести́ уголо́вную отве́тственность за одно́ и то́ же преступле́ние


countersign

From Middle French contresigne. Equivalent to counter- + sign.

(law) A second signature added to a document to affirm the validity of the signature of the first person.


presumption

presumption (countable and uncountable, plural presumptions)

Borrowed from Middle French presumption, from Old French presumption, from Latin praesumptiō.

vermoeden

legal inference based on a rule or policy of law regardless of the facts

The state, in the exercise of its general power to prescribe rules of evidence, may provide that proof of a particular fact, or of several facts taken collectively, shall be prima facie evidence of another fact when there is some rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed. The legislative presumption is invalid when it is entirely arbitrary, or creates an invidious discrimination, or operates to deprive a party of a reasonable opportunity to present the pertinent facts in his defense.

Bandini Petroleum Co. v. Superior Court, 284 U.S. 8, 18–19 (1931)

(law) An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence.


presumption

fro-noun

presumption oblique singular, f (oblique plural presumptions, nominative singular presumption, nominative plural presumptions)

presumption oblique singular or (canonical feminine)
presumptions (oblique plural)
presumption (nominative singular)
presumptions (nominative plural)

→ English: presumption

French: présomption

First known attestation circa 1180 in Anglo-Norman as presumpsion. Borrowed from Latin praesumptiō.

(often law) presumption (something which is presumed)


aliunde

a case proved aliunde

evidence aliunde

(law) From another source; from elsewhere.


право

head

право (pravo) n (related adjective правни)

pravo (romanization)
правни (adjective)
право (nominative singular)
права (nominative plural)
права (genitive singular)
правох (genitive plural)
праву (dative singular)
правом (dative plural)
право (accusative singular)
права (accusative plural)
правом (instrumental singular)
правами (instrumental plural)
праву (locative singular)
правох (locative plural)
право (singular vocative)
права (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Slovak právo, from Proto-Slavic *pravo.

обичайне право


право

ru-noun+

пра́во • (právo) n inan (genitive пра́ва, nominative plural права́, genitive plural прав, relational adjective правово́й)

пра́во (canonical)
právo (romanization)
пра́ва (genitive)
права́ (nominative plural)
прав (genitive plural)
правово́й (adjective relational)
пра́во (nominative singular)
права́ (nominative plural)
пра́ва (genitive singular)
пра́в (genitive plural)
пра́ву (dative singular)
права́м (dative plural)
пра́во (accusative singular)
права́ (accusative plural)
пра́вом (instrumental singular)
права́ми (instrumental plural)
пра́ве (prepositional singular)
права́х (plural prepositional)
пра́во (dated nominative singular)
права́ (dated nominative plural)
пра́ва (dated genitive singular)
пра́въ (dated genitive plural)
пра́ву (dated dative singular)
права́мъ (dated dative plural)
пра́во (accusative dated singular)
права́ (accusative dated plural)
пра́вомъ (dated instrumental singular)
права́ми (dated instrumental plural)
пра́вѣ (dated prepositional singular)
права́хъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Yakut: быраап (bıraap)

Inherited from Old East Slavic право (pravo), from Proto-Slavic *pravo. Calque of German Recht and French droit, based on пра́вый (právyj, “right, correct; straight”). Cognate with Ukrainian пра́во (právo), Belarusian пра́ва (práva), Old Church Slavonic право (pravo), Bulgarian пра́во (právo), Serbo-Croatian пра̏во, Slovene prȃvo (tonal orthography), Czech právo, Slovak právo, Polish prawo.


право

uk-noun

пра́во • (právo) n inan (genitive пра́ва, nominative plural права́, genitive plural прав, relational adjective правови́й)

пра́во (canonical)
právo (romanization)
пра́ва (genitive)
права́ (nominative plural)
прав (genitive plural)
правови́й (adjective relational)
пра́во (nominative singular)
права́ (nominative plural)
пра́ва (genitive singular)
прав (genitive plural)
пра́ву (dative singular)
права́м (dative plural)
пра́во (accusative singular)
права́ (accusative plural)
пра́вом (instrumental singular)
права́ми (instrumental plural)
пра́ві (locative singular)
права́х (locative plural)
пра́во (singular vocative)
права́ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Slavic *pravъ via Old East Slavic право (pravo).


uncharged

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-uncharged.wav


Suizid

de-noun

Suizid m or (rare) n (strong, genitive Suizids or Suizides, plural Suizide)

Suizids (genitive)
Suizides (genitive)
Suizide (plural)
Suizid (definite nominative singular)
Suizide (definite nominative plural)
Suizids (genitive singular)
Suizides (genitive singular)
Suizide (definite genitive plural)
Suizid (dative singular)
Suizide (dative singular)
Suiziden (dative definite plural)
Suizid (accusative definite singular)
Suizide (accusative definite plural)

Learned borrowing from New Latin suicidium. First attested in the 18th century, but in more regular use only since the mid-20th century.

lbor

Das Wort „Suizid“ benutzen nur Leute, die „Verkehr“ statt „Sex“ sagen, oder „sich frisch machen gehen“, wenn sie mal müssen.

2014/15, Monheim, Mark & Rehbock, Martin, About a Girl, spoken by Charleen (Jasna Fritzi Bauer):

The word „Suizid“ [instead of Selbstmord] is only used by people who say “intercourse” for “sex”, or “go freshen up” when they have to go [to the loo].

(chiefly medicine, law, higher register) suicide


cognitio

la-noun

cognitiō f (genitive cognitiōnis); third declension

cognitiō (canonical feminine)
cognitiōnis (genitive)
cognitiō (nominative singular)
cognitiōnēs (nominative plural)
cognitiōnis (genitive singular)
cognitiōnum (genitive plural)
cognitiōnī (dative singular)
cognitiōnibus (dative plural)
cognitiōnem (accusative singular)
cognitiōnēs (accusative plural)
cognitiōne (ablative singular)
cognitiōnibus (ablative plural)
cognitiō (singular vocative)
cognitiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: cognició

→ English: cognition

→ French: cognition

→ Galician: cognición

→ Italian: cognizione

→ Occitan: cognicion

→ Portuguese: cognição

→ Spanish: cognición

From cognōscō (“to get to know”) + -tiō (“resultative noun suffix”).

af

(law) investigation, judicial examination, inquiry, cognizance, trial


driving under the influence

en-noun

driving under the influence (uncountable)

(law, automotive) Operating a motor vehicle while impaired due to the consumption of drugs or alcohol.


威力

ja-noun

威(い)力(りょく) • (iryoku) ^(←ゐりょく (wiryoku)?)

威力 (canonical)
iryoku (romanization)
wiryoku (romanization)
ゐりょく (hiragana historical)

威力業務妨害

業務妨害 ぎょうむぼうがい

The new bomb showed the world its power.

2004 April 24, Ministry of Justice (Japan), “第(だい)二百三十四(にひゃくさんじゅうし)条(じょう) （威力(いりょく)業務(ぎょうむ)妨害(ぼうがい)） [Article 234 (Forcible Obstruction of Business)]”, in 刑(けい)法(ほう) [Penal Code of Japan]:

A person who obstructs the business of another person by force is dealt with in the same manner as prescribed under the preceding Article.

威力を用いて人の業務を妨害した者も、前条の例による。

Iryoku o mochīte hito no gyōmu o bōgaishita mono mo, zenjō no reini yoru.


seriatim

/sɪəɹɪˈeɪtɪm/

/sɛɹɪˈeɪtɪm/

From Medieval Latin seriatim, from Latin seriēs (“row, chain”) + -ātim, adverbial suffix.

a seriatim review

The argument will also be the first test of the court’s announced hybrid system for oral argument, involving both the usual free-for-all questioning that was missing from the telephone arguments, and one round of seriatim questioning at the end of each arguing attorney’s presentation.

2021 October 4, Mark Walsh, “A View from the courtroom: In-person arguments come out of storage”, in SCOTUSblog:

(chiefly law) Point by point; sequential.


golden rule

statutory interpretation
statutory interpretation

(law, England and Wales, idiomatic) A method of statutory interpretation, whereby a judge will deviate from a literal interpretation of the law to the extent necessary to circumvent obvious absurdities or (sometimes) conclusions repugnant to public policy.


polisi

ms-noun

polisi (Jawi spelling ڤوليسي, plural polisi-polisi)

From English policy, from Middle French policie, from Late Latin politia (“citizenship; government”), classical Latin polītīa (in Cicero), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía, “citizenship; polis, (city) state; government”), from πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”).

der

(Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore) A policy:
(law) A contract of insurance.


casebook

casebooks (plural)
case-book (alternative)
case book (alternative)

From case + book. First use appears c. 1675.

(US, law) A kind of book, used in law schools, containing the text of court opinions in legal cases accompanied by analysis and related materials.


étude

→ Danish: etude

→ Dutch: etude

→ English: etude

→ Polish: etiuda

desctree

→ Russian: этю́д (etjúd), этю́дъ (etjúd) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: этюд (étüd)
→ Uzbek: etyud

→ Turkish: etüt

From Old French estude, borrowed from Latin studium.

study (room in a house intended for reading and writing)

(law) office of a notary, solicitor, etc.


2L and 3L programs in moot court and trial advocacy are optional.

2001, Eric Owens, Complete Book of Law Schools, 2002 Edition, page 254:

During 2L year Charles was the spokesperson for a highly visible committee of graduate and undergraduate students...

2003, Richard Harrison et al., Working on Mysteries: The Coming of Age, page 26:

Almost every interviewer you'll see during 3L recruiting will ask you whether you received an offer from your 2L firm...

2004, Robert Harrax Miller, Law School Confidential: A Complete Guide to the Law School Experience, page 373:

When I told a group of 2L friends of mine about my fate my first day, they reminisced in minute detail about the first individual to be called on in their section a year earlier.

1999, Broken Contract: A Memoir of Harvard Law School, page 13:

Few activities are more fulfilling to 2Ls and 3Ls than giving advice to new students.

2001, Andrew J. McClurg, The Law School Trip: The Insider's Guide to Law School, page 56:

...it's up to the 2L member editors to make sure that an article's footnotes are accurately and correctly cited.

2003, Jungle Media Group, The JD Jungle Law School Survival Guide, page 69:

Many law schools assign 1L’s a 2L or 3L as a mentor for the 1L to learn from.

2005, J. Keith Essmyer, Jr., Stress, Tests, and Success: The Ultimate Law School Survival Guide, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 31:

The top of the 2L class landed some summer associate positions at all but the most prestigious firms in DC...

2007, Vault Editors, The Law School Buzz Book, page 297:

(law) A law student in the second year of law school.


près

From Old French pres (“closely”), from Vulgar Latin *pressō, from Latin pressus (“concise”), from premō (“to press, push, condense”). Cognate with Italian presso and Sicilian pressu.

un expert près les tribunaux

les procureurs près les tribunaux

l'ambassade de France près le Saint-Siège

l'ambassadeur près le Saint-Siège

(formal or law) attached to, connects a person or an organisation delegated officially to a setting.


uno flatu

/ˈuːnəʊ ˈflɑːtuː/

Borrowed from Latin ūnō flātū (“in one breath”, “at one blast”), ablative of time-within-which of ūnus flātus (“a single blast of wind or expulsion of breath”).

bor

For quotations using this term, see Citations:uno flatu.

(law) At once, at one blast, at the same moment, contemporaneously, simultaneously.


warta

ms-noun

warta (Jawi spelling ورتا, plural warta-warta)

> Indonesian: warta (inherited)

Borrowed from Javanese warta (ꦮꦂꦠ), from Old Javanese warta, wṛtta, from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā). Doublet of berita.

Akta ini mula berkuat kuasa pada tarikh yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri melalui pemberitahuan dalam Warta.

This Act comes into operation on a date to be appointed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette.

(law, often capitalized and italicized in legislations) gazette (official periodical publication by government)


répondre

répondre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
répondant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
répondu (participle past)
réponds (first-person indicative present singular)
réponds (indicative present second-person singular)
répond (indicative present singular third-person)
répondons (first-person indicative plural present)
répondez (indicative plural present second-person)
répondent (indicative plural present third-person)
répondais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
répondais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
répondait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
répondions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
répondiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
répondaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
répondis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
répondis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
répondit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
répondîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
répondîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
répondirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
répondrai (first-person future indicative singular)
répondras (future indicative second-person singular)
répondra (future indicative singular third-person)
répondrons (first-person future indicative plural)
répondrez (future indicative plural second-person)
répondront (future indicative plural third-person)
répondrais (conditional first-person singular)
répondrais (conditional second-person singular)
répondrait (conditional singular third-person)
répondrions (conditional first-person plural)
répondriez (conditional plural second-person)
répondraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
réponde (first-person present singular subjunctive)
répondes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
réponde (present singular subjunctive third-person)
répondions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
répondiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
répondent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
répondisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
répondisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
répondît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
répondissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
répondissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
répondissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
réponds (imperative second-person singular)
répondons (first-person imperative plural)
répondez (imperative plural second-person)
repondre (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Middle French respondre, from Old French respondre, from Late Latin respondere, from Latin respondēre.

répondre de ses actes


of even date

SIR,— Our client, Mr. Robert Ferguson, of Ferguson & Muirhead, tea brokers, of Mincing Lane, has made some inquiry from us in a communication of even date concerning vampires.

1924, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire, Norton, published 2005, page 1555:


palm tree justice

According to the Chambers Dictionary (Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap, 1998) the phrase is “from the old Arabic or Jewish idea of a wise man dispensing justice under a palm tree.” Thus: “And she dwelt under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in mount Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.” (Judges 4:5)

[…] vary agreed or established rights to property in an endeavor to achieve a kind of palm tree justice […]

1965, National Provincial Bank v. Hastings Car Mart, [1965] 8. W.L.R. 1 at p. 11, per Lord Hodson

(law, derogatory) A pragmatic approach to justice that is entirely discretionary and transcends legal rights or precedent, enabling the court to make such order as it thinks fair and just in the circumstances of the case.


sav

head

sav (definite accusative savı, plural savlar)

savı (accusative definite)
savlar (plural)
sav (nominative singular)
savlar (nominative plural)
savı (accusative definite singular)
savları (accusative definite plural)
sava (dative singular)
savlara (dative plural)
savda (locative singular)
savlarda (locative plural)
savdan (ablative singular)
savlardan (ablative plural)
savın (genitive singular)
savların (genitive plural)
savım (first-person nominative singular)
savlarım (first-person nominative singular)
savın (nominative second-person singular)
savların (nominative second-person singular)
savı (nominative singular third-person)
savları (nominative singular third-person)
savımız (first-person nominative plural)
savlarımız (first-person nominative plural)
savınız (nominative plural second-person)
savlarınız (nominative plural second-person)
savları (nominative plural third-person)
savımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
savlarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
savını (accusative definite second-person singular)
savlarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
savını (accusative definite singular third-person)
savlarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
savımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
savlarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
savınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
savlarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
savlarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
savıma (dative first-person singular)
savlarıma (dative first-person singular)
savına (dative second-person singular)
savlarına (dative second-person singular)
savına (dative singular third-person)
savlarına (dative singular third-person)
savımıza (dative first-person plural)
savlarımıza (dative first-person plural)
savınıza (dative plural second-person)
savlarınıza (dative plural second-person)
savlarına (dative plural third-person)
savımda (first-person locative singular)
savlarımda (first-person locative singular)
savında (locative second-person singular)
savlarında (locative second-person singular)
savında (locative singular third-person)
savlarında (locative singular third-person)
savımızda (first-person locative plural)
savlarımızda (first-person locative plural)
savınızda (locative plural second-person)
savlarınızda (locative plural second-person)
savlarında (locative plural third-person)
savımdan (ablative first-person singular)
savlarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
savından (ablative second-person singular)
savlarından (ablative second-person singular)
savından (ablative singular third-person)
savlarından (ablative singular third-person)
savımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
savlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
savınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
savlarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
savlarından (ablative plural third-person)
savımın (first-person genitive singular)
savlarımın (first-person genitive singular)
savının (genitive second-person singular)
savlarının (genitive second-person singular)
savının (genitive singular third-person)
savlarının (genitive singular third-person)
savımızın (first-person genitive plural)
savlarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
savınızın (genitive plural second-person)
savlarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
savlarının (genitive plural third-person)
savım (first-person singular)
savlarım (first-person singular)
savsın (second-person singular)
savlarsın (second-person singular)
sav (singular third-person)
savdır (singular third-person)
savlar (singular third-person)
savlardır (singular third-person)
savız (first-person plural)
savlarız (first-person plural)
savsınız (plural second-person)
savlarsınız (plural second-person)
savlar (plural third-person)
savlardır (plural third-person)

Learned borrowing from Ottoman Turkish ساو (sav) or from other historic Turkic varieties. The term fell out of use in Turkey in the XVII-th century and was reintroduced during the language reform in order to replace داعیه (dâiye, “incitement, cause, motive”) and ادعا (iddiâ). The last term is still in use, however, see iddia.
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *sāb.


presumptive

en-adj

presumptive (comparative more presumptive, superlative most presumptive)

more presumptive (comparative)
most presumptive (superlative)

PIE word
 *upó
From Late Middle English presumptif, presumptijf (“based on presumption”), from Anglo-Norman presumptif and Middle French presumptif, présomptif (“based on presumption; of an heir or heiress: presumed to be entitled to inherit unless someone with a superior entitlement is born; presumptuous”) (modern French présomptif), and directly from their etymon Late Latin praesumptivus (“based on presumption; bold; insolent”), from Latin praesūmptus (“presumed”) + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives). Praesūmptus is the perfect passive participle of praesūmō (“to presume”), from prae- (prefix meaning ‘before; in front’) + sūmō (“to seize, take; to accept, presuppose; to undertake”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to distribute; to take”)).

предполагаем

based on presumption or conjecture — see also presumed

The perſon in this ſituation [having a mere right of property without possession or the right of possession of the property] may have the true ultimate property of the lands in himſelf: but by the intervention of certain circumſtances, either by his ovvn negligence, the ſolemn act of his anceſtor, or the determination of a court of juſtice, the preſumptive evidence of that right is ſtrongly in favour of his antagoniſt; vvho has thereby obtained the abſolute right of poſſeſſion.

1766, William Blackstone, “Of the Title to Things Real, in General”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book II (Of the Rights of Things), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 197:

Though we had seen no land since leaving Calloa, Cape Horn was said to be somewhere to the West of us; and though there was no positive evidence of the fact, the weather encountered might be accounted pretty good presumptive proof.

1850, Herman Melville, “Edging Away”, in White Jacket; or, The World in a Man-of-War, volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, pages 182–183:

(often law) Chiefly in presumptive evidence: providing a reasonable basis for a certain presumption or conclusion to be drawn.


lemon law

You should consult the applicable lemon laws and see if you have grounds for a return or replacement.

(law, idiomatic) A law dealing with defective items, especially automobiles, and the rights of consumers.


attorn

en-verb

attorn (third-person singular simple present attorns, present participle attorning, simple past and past participle attorned)

attorns (present singular third-person)
attorning (participle present)
attorned (participle past)
attorned (past)

From Middle English attournen, from Old French atorner (“designate”), from a- (“to”) + torner (“turn”).

(intransitive, law) To transfer one's obligations from one person to another person.

(intransitive, law) To consent to the transfer of one's obligations as tenant under a lease to a new landlord.

(intransitive, law) To acknowledge the jurisdiction of (a particular court) over one's dispute.


voetstoots

Dutch met de voet te stoten: to kick. Through Afrikaans.

(South Africa, law) Descriptive of a sale without guarantees where the thing is sold as is or with all its faults.


voetstoots

(South Africa, law) Sold in this manner.


excuss

excuss (third-person singular simple present excusses, present participle excussing, simple past and past participle excussed)

excusses (present singular third-person)
excussing (participle present)
excussed (participle past)
excussed (past)

Borrowed from Latin excussus, past participle of excutere (“to shake off”).

(transitive, law) To seize and detain by law.

The surety claimed relief in terms of the beneficium excussionis, thus obliging the creditor to excuss against the principal debtor.

(law) To proceed against a principal debtor where there are either joint debtors or debtors and sureties.


tax protester

It is readily apparent that Hattman's appeal and "petitions" in this Court, as well as his petition for redetermination filed in the Tax Court, are nothing other than the thinly veiled arguments of a tax protester. These types of tax protester arguments have been rejected as patently frivolous, and require no additional analysis here.

Hattman v. Commissioner, NO. 05-1376 (3d Cir. 2005) (per curiam)

Some people believe with great fervor preposterous things that just happen to coincide with their self-interest. Tax protesters have convinced themselves that wages are not income, that only gold is money, that the Sixteenth Amendment is unconstitutional, and so on. These beliefs all lead--so tax protesters think--to the elimination of their obligation to pay taxes.

Coleman v. Commissioner, 791 F.2d 68, 69 (7th Cir. 1986)

(law) In the United States, a person who denies the obligation to pay a tax for which the government has determined that person is liable, based on a belief that the government lacks the legal authority to impose taxes.


minimum contacts

personal jurisdiction
personal jurisdiction

(law) In United States civil procedure, the contact required between a party and a state in order for the courts of that state to constitutionally assert personal jurisdiction over that party.


personal jurisdiction

en-noun

personal jurisdiction (countable and uncountable, plural personal jurisdictions)

(law) in the law of civil procedure, the ability of a court to hear a case brought against a party stemming from that party's presence, activities, or contacts within a specified set of geographical boundaries, usually the borders of a county, state, or nation.


subject matter jurisdiction

The divorce court was overturned when it rendered a criminal conviction against a party, because it lacked the subject matter jurisdiction to hear a criminal case.

(law) In the law of civil procedure, the ability of a court to hear a case based on the authority granted to the court to hear that particular type of case.


beneficium excussionis

beneficium ordinis seu excussionis#Translingual

(law) short for beneficium ordinis seu excussionis


beneficium ordinis seu excussionis

exceptio ordinis seu excussionis#Translingual

(law) synonym of exceptio ordinis seu excussionis


exceptio ordinis seu excussionis

(law) An exception whereby a debtor claims the “benefit of excussion”.

voorreg van uitwinning

The exception that the creditor has to try to be satisfied by the principal debtor first

väite, että saatavat on perittävä ensin päävelalliselta


statement of claim

statement of claim (plural statements of claim)

(law) A statement issued in civil court proceedings by a plaintiff. It sets forth the complaints against the defendants, and the prayers for relief from the court.


semble

en-verb

semble (third-person singular simple present sembles, present participle sembling, simple past and past participle sembled)

sembles (present singular third-person)
sembling (participle present)
sembled (participle past)
sembled (past)

From Middle English semblen, from Old French sembler (“to resemble”).

(law, third-person singular only) It seems; it appears that


suspendatur

(law) "Let him be hanged"; Used as warrant for the executioner in medieval plea rolls for capital cases.


種族滅絕

ㄓㄨㄥˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

ㄓㄨㄥˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

чжунцзу мецзюэ

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ mi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʊk̚² miːt̚² t͡syːt̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ mi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʊk̚² miːt̚² t͡syːt̚²/


sunshine agenda

en-noun

sunshine agenda (plural sunshine agendas)

(US, government, law) An agenda on which an item has been placed for which the decision-making body will not entertain discussion or commentary.

(US, government, law) A public agenda on which an item for decision has been placed for which the decision-making body will not entertain commentary, discussion or influence during a certain defined time-frame prior to the decision, in order to give the body "a period of repose" in which to make decisions.


feme covert

feme covert (plural femes covert or femes coverts)

femes covert (plural)
femes coverts (plural)

From Anglo-Norman feme (“woman”) covert (“covered, protected”).

[…]—you, Diana Vernon, spinstress, not being a femme covert; and being a convict popish recusant, are bound to repair to your own dwelling, and that by the nearest way, under penalty of being held felon to the king—[…]

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter IX, in Rob Roy. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, pages 213–214:

A deed of a feme covert, to be valid, must be executed by the husband also.

1851, Thomas W Waterman, American Chancery Digest, volume II:

Connecticut courts failed to recognize feme couvert property rights until 1723, when the legislature finally passed an act significantly reforming the law on conveyancing.

1986, Marylynn Salmon, Women and the Law of Property in Early America:

(law, now chiefly historical) A married woman.


feme sole

From Anglo-Norman feme (“woman”) sole (“alone”).

To Mary Smith, an adult feme sole, you are hereby summonsed...

(law) A single woman, whether unmarried, spinster, widow or divorcee.


commandment

commandment (countable and uncountable, plural commandments)

commandments (plural)
commaundment (alternative obsolete)
commandement (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Middle English comaundement, from Old French comandement, from comander. See command.

inh+

(law) The offence of commanding or inducing another to violate the law.


cabotage

en-noun

cabotage (countable and uncountable, plural cabotages)

/ˈkæbətɪd͡ʒ/

Borrowed from French cabotage (“coasting trade”), from caboter (“to travel by the coast”). It originally (16th c.) referred to restrictions allowing only French ships to trade or transport between French ports. Other countries adopted this concept and extended it to land and air travel.

Cabotage, used as a legal term, here refers to the right to transport goods or passengers between ports of a country.

2002, Kevin Colin Ingram, Xingang Li, Maritime Law and Policy in China, page 19:

(law) The right to engage in such transport.


binder

From Middle English byndere; equivalent to bind + -er.

(law) A down payment on a piece of real property that secures the payor the right to purchase the property from the payee upon an agreement of terms.

voorschot

law: down payment on a piece of real property


real property

real property (usually uncountable, plural real properties)

(law) Synonym of real estate, land, buildings, etc. as property.


down payment

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-down payment.wav

(law, finance) A payment representing a fraction of the price of something being purchased, made to secure the right to continue making payments towards that purchase.


legitim

(law) Common in Continental Law jurisdictions, a portion of property fixed by law, which a testator with issue is bound to bequeath to his children.


MRA

mutual recognition agreement
mutual recognition agreement#English

(international trade, law) Initialism of mutual recognition agreement.


manu militari

As they did not present themselves their addresses were obtained, and one fine morning soldiers called at their houses and manu militari led them to the shops.

1916, Bernard Miall, transl., Belgians Under the German Eagle, translation of original by Jean Massart:


mortification

mortification (countable and uncountable, plural mortifications)

honor

antonym(s) of “a sensation of extreme shame”

/ˌmɔːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

From Middle French mortification, from Old French, from Latin mortificatio.

(law, Scotland) A bequest to a charitable institution.


tahi

Older/archaic variant of tai; see it for more.

(coordinating, now chiefly law, otherwise dialectal or archaic) or


amici curiae

(law) People/entities who have been allowed by the court to plead or make submissions but who, however, are not directly involved in the action.


uttering

The girl using a fake ID to enter a bar was guilty of uttering.

If two jointly prepare counterfeit coin, and utter it in different shops apart from each other, but in concert, and intending to share the proceeds, the utterings of each are the joint utterings of both, and they may be convicted jointly.

1881, Ephraim Arnold Jacob, Robert Alexander Fisher., An Analytical Digest of the Law and Practice of the Courts of Common Law:

(law) The crime of knowingly presenting forged documentation.


par delictum

From Latin in pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis (“if both (parties) are in the wrong, a defence is set up”).

uder

The 'clean hands doctrine', derived from English law, is similar in effect to the Roman law maxim in pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis, which operated as an absolute bar to the grant of relief to the plaintiff. The par delictum rule is concerned with the moral guilt of contracting parties, not their criminal liability.

(law) The par delictum rule prescribes that a party should not obtain satisfaction from a court of law with where his own conduct is wrongful.


pound the table

en-verb

pound the table (third-person singular simple present pounds the table, present participle pounding the table, simple past and past participle pounded the table)

pounds the table (present singular third-person)
pounding the table (participle present)
pounded the table (participle past)
pounded the table (past)

There's an old legal aphorism that goes, "If you have the facts on your side, pound the facts. If you have the law on your side, pound the law. If you have neither on your side, pound the table."

(figuratively, law) To base an argument on bluster or rhetoric when unsupported by more substantive elements.


attachiamenta de spinis et boscis

Borrowed from Latin attachiamenta de spinis et boscis.

bor+

(law, dated) An ancient privilege granted to forest officers to take for their own any thorns, brushwood, and windfalls within their own precincts.


dedans

(court tennis) A division, at one end of a tennis court, for spectators.


disposing

en-adj

disposing (comparative more disposing, superlative most disposing)

more disposing (comparative)
most disposing (superlative)

In the name and fear of God, I Jane Ford of Oldswinford in the county of Worcester Widdow Relict & Exec of Joseph Ford gent my late dear husband deceased having in mind the certainty of death but great uncertainty of the time thereof & being desirous to settle my affairs & being now in perfect mind & most disposing memory (thanks to Almighty God) Doe make & ordain this my last Will and Testament […]

1721 July 4, Last Will and Testament of Jane Ford:

And it is said by Lord Coke, in the Marquis of Winchester's case, (m) that it is not sufficient that the testator be of memory when he makes his Will, to answer familiar and usual questions, but he ought to have a disposing memory so as to be able to make a disposition of his property with understanding and reason; and that is such a memory which the law calls sane and perfect memory.

1849, Edward Vaughan Williams, A Treatise on the Law of Executors and Administrators, page 170:

And though the disability of coverture is, in some respects, distinguishable from and less absolute than that of infancy, (a feme covert having, it is said, a disposing mind , but not a disposing power, while an infant has neither the one nor the other,) yet the principle seems, according to the authorities, to apply to the attempted dispositions of married women.

1880, Thomas Jarman, Joseph Fitz Randolph, William Talcott, A Treatise on Wills - Volume 2, page 9:

(law) Capable of specifying a complete and reasonable disposal of one's estate.

Bayley, J., before whom the prisoner was tried, said, to bring the case within the statute, the order must be such as, on the face of it, imports to be made by a person who has a disposing power over the funds.

1852, Henry Roscoe, A Digest of the Law of Evidence in Criminal Cases, page 526:

It seems also we may form an inference, that in the profits of the two laborious classes, either in the culture of the earth or industry, there is a disposable portion, namely, that which answers to the interest of the advances, calculated on the current rate of interest of money lent; it appears also that this conclusion seems to agree with what we have said, that the mere class of proprietors had a revenue properly so called, a disposing revenue, and that all the members of the other classes had only salaries or profits.

1859, John Ramsay McCulloch, A Select Collection of Scarce and Valuable Economical Tracts, page 311:

The agreement has a 'disposing effect' and Kevin Prosser QC sitting as a Deputy Judge of the High Court had to decide whether this meant that the contract was void for not being made in writing and therefore not complying with s2.

2020, Emma Lees, The Principles of Land Law, page 102:

(law) Involving the disposal or legal transfer of property.


agir

agir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
agissant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
agi (participle past)
agis (first-person indicative present singular)
agis (indicative present second-person singular)
agit (indicative present singular third-person)
agissons (first-person indicative plural present)
agissez (indicative plural present second-person)
agissent (indicative plural present third-person)
agissais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
agissais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
agissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
agissions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
agissiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
agissaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
agis (first-person historic indicative past singular)
agis (historic indicative past second-person singular)
agit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
agîmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
agîtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
agirent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
agirai (first-person future indicative singular)
agiras (future indicative second-person singular)
agira (future indicative singular third-person)
agirons (first-person future indicative plural)
agirez (future indicative plural second-person)
agiront (future indicative plural third-person)
agirais (conditional first-person singular)
agirais (conditional second-person singular)
agirait (conditional singular third-person)
agirions (conditional first-person plural)
agiriez (conditional plural second-person)
agiraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
agisse (first-person present singular subjunctive)
agisses (present second-person singular subjunctive)
agisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
agissions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
agissiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
agissent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
agisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
agisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
agît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
agissions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
agissiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
agissent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
agis (imperative second-person singular)
agissons (first-person imperative plural)
agissez (imperative plural second-person)
s'agir (infinitive)
s'être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
s'agissant (gerund participle present)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
agi (participle past)
s'agit (indicative present singular third-person)
s'agissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
s'agit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
s'agira (future indicative singular third-person)
s'agirait (conditional singular third-person)
future of s'être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of s'être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
s'agisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
s'agît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
s'en agir (infinitive)
s'en être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
s'en agissant (gerund participle present)
s'en étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
agi (participle past)
s'en agit (indicative present singular third-person)
s'en agissait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
s'en agit (historic indicative past singular third-person)
s'en agira (future indicative singular third-person)
s'en agirait (conditional singular third-person)
future of s'en être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
s'en agisse (present singular subjunctive third-person)
s'en agît (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)

→ Catalan: agir

→ Franco-Provençal: ag·ir

→ Friulian: azî

→ Esperanto: agi

→ Italian: agire

→ Portuguese: agir

→ Romansch: agir

→ Sicilian: aggiri

→ Spanish: agir

→ Venetan: agir

Borrowed from Latin agere. Attested from the fifteenth century.

Il a été obligé d'agir contre son tuteur.

(law, followed by contre) prosecute, sue


mafioso

it-noun

mafioso m (plural mafiosi, feminine mafiosa)

(law) Anyone who is part of a criminal (mafia-like) association formed by three or more people (as established in the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure)

(law, by extension, derogatory) Any Sicilian related to such activity


aste

aste (nominative singular)
asteet (nominative plural)
aste (accusative nominative singular)
asteet (accusative nominative plural)
asteen (accusative genitive singular)
asteet (accusative genitive plural)
asteen (genitive singular)
asteiden (genitive plural)
asteitten (genitive plural)
astetta (partitive singular)
asteita (partitive plural)
asteessa (inessive singular)
asteissa (inessive plural)
asteesta (elative singular)
asteista (elative plural)
asteeseen (illative singular)
asteisiin (illative plural)
asteihin (illative plural)
asteella (adessive singular)
asteilla (adessive plural)
asteelta (ablative singular)
asteilta (ablative plural)
asteelle (allative singular)
asteille (allative plural)
asteena (essive singular)
asteina (essive plural)
asteeksi (singular translative)
asteiksi (plural translative)
asteetta (abessive singular)
asteitta (abessive plural)
astein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
asteeni (nominative singular)
asteeni (nominative plural)
asteeni (accusative nominative singular)
asteeni (accusative nominative plural)
asteeni (accusative genitive singular)
asteeni (accusative genitive plural)
asteeni (genitive singular)
asteideni (genitive plural)
asteitteni (genitive plural)
astettani (partitive singular)
asteitani (partitive plural)
asteessani (inessive singular)
asteissani (inessive plural)
asteestani (elative singular)
asteistani (elative plural)
asteeseeni (illative singular)
asteisiini (illative plural)
asteihini (illative plural)
asteellani (adessive singular)
asteillani (adessive plural)
asteeltani (ablative singular)
asteiltani (ablative plural)
asteelleni (allative singular)
asteilleni (allative plural)
asteenani (essive singular)
asteinani (essive plural)
asteekseni (singular translative)
asteikseni (plural translative)
asteettani (abessive singular)
asteittani (abessive plural)
asteineni (comitative plural)
asteesi (nominative singular)
asteesi (nominative plural)
asteesi (accusative nominative singular)
asteesi (accusative nominative plural)
asteesi (accusative genitive singular)
asteesi (accusative genitive plural)
asteesi (genitive singular)
asteidesi (genitive plural)
asteittesi (genitive plural)
astettasi (partitive singular)
asteitasi (partitive plural)
asteessasi (inessive singular)
asteissasi (inessive plural)
asteestasi (elative singular)
asteistasi (elative plural)
asteeseesi (illative singular)
asteisiisi (illative plural)
asteihisi (illative plural)
asteellasi (adessive singular)
asteillasi (adessive plural)
asteeltasi (ablative singular)
asteiltasi (ablative plural)
asteellesi (allative singular)
asteillesi (allative plural)
asteenasi (essive singular)
asteinasi (essive plural)
asteeksesi (singular translative)
asteiksesi (plural translative)
asteettasi (abessive singular)
asteittasi (abessive plural)
asteinesi (comitative plural)
asteemme (nominative singular)
asteemme (nominative plural)
asteemme (accusative nominative singular)
asteemme (accusative nominative plural)
asteemme (accusative genitive singular)
asteemme (accusative genitive plural)
asteemme (genitive singular)
asteidemme (genitive plural)
asteittemme (genitive plural)
astettamme (partitive singular)
asteitamme (partitive plural)
asteessamme (inessive singular)
asteissamme (inessive plural)
asteestamme (elative singular)
asteistamme (elative plural)
asteeseemme (illative singular)
asteisiimme (illative plural)
asteihimme (illative plural)
asteellamme (adessive singular)
asteillamme (adessive plural)
asteeltamme (ablative singular)
asteiltamme (ablative plural)
asteellemme (allative singular)
asteillemme (allative plural)
asteenamme (essive singular)
asteinamme (essive plural)
asteeksemme (singular translative)
asteiksemme (plural translative)
asteettamme (abessive singular)
asteittamme (abessive plural)
asteinemme (comitative plural)
asteenne (nominative singular)
asteenne (nominative plural)
asteenne (accusative nominative singular)
asteenne (accusative nominative plural)
asteenne (accusative genitive singular)
asteenne (accusative genitive plural)
asteenne (genitive singular)
asteidenne (genitive plural)
asteittenne (genitive plural)
astettanne (partitive singular)
asteitanne (partitive plural)
asteessanne (inessive singular)
asteissanne (inessive plural)
asteestanne (elative singular)
asteistanne (elative plural)
asteeseenne (illative singular)
asteisiinne (illative plural)
asteihinne (illative plural)
asteellanne (adessive singular)
asteillanne (adessive plural)
asteeltanne (ablative singular)
asteiltanne (ablative plural)
asteellenne (allative singular)
asteillenne (allative plural)
asteenanne (essive singular)
asteinanne (essive plural)
asteeksenne (singular translative)
asteiksenne (plural translative)
asteettanne (abessive singular)
asteittanne (abessive plural)
asteinenne (comitative plural)
asteensa (nominative singular)
asteensa (nominative plural)
asteensa (accusative nominative singular)
asteensa (accusative nominative plural)
asteensa (accusative genitive singular)
asteensa (accusative genitive plural)
asteensa (genitive singular)
asteidensa (genitive plural)
asteittensa (genitive plural)
astettaan (partitive singular)
astettansa (partitive singular)
asteitaan (partitive plural)
asteitansa (partitive plural)
asteessaan (inessive singular)
asteessansa (inessive singular)
asteissaan (inessive plural)
asteissansa (inessive plural)
asteestaan (elative singular)
asteestansa (elative singular)
asteistaan (elative plural)
asteistansa (elative plural)
asteeseensa (illative singular)
asteisiinsa (illative plural)
asteihinsa (illative plural)
asteellaan (adessive singular)
asteellansa (adessive singular)
asteillaan (adessive plural)
asteillansa (adessive plural)
asteeltaan (ablative singular)
asteeltansa (ablative singular)
asteiltaan (ablative plural)
asteiltansa (ablative plural)
asteelleen (allative singular)
asteellensa (allative singular)
asteilleen (allative plural)
asteillensa (allative plural)
asteenaan (essive singular)
asteenansa (essive singular)
asteinaan (essive plural)
asteinansa (essive plural)
asteekseen (singular translative)
asteeksensa (singular translative)
asteikseen (plural translative)
asteiksensa (plural translative)
asteettaan (abessive singular)
asteettansa (abessive singular)
asteittaan (abessive plural)
asteittansa (abessive plural)
asteineen (comitative plural)
asteinensa (comitative plural)

→ Livvi: aste

astua (“to step”) + -e. Coined by Finnish physician and translator Wolmar Schildt in 1846, based on dialectal "step (in stairs)", cases of which was also used as adverbs with more figurative meanings like those currently used.

coin

(law) instance (occasion; order of occurrence)