descend

en-verb

descend (third-person singular simple present descends, present participle descending, simple past and past participle descended)

descends (present singular third-person)
descending (participle present)
descended (participle past)
descended (past)
descend (infinitive)
descend (first-person present singular)
descended (first-person past singular)
descend (present second-person singular)
descendest (archaic present second-person singular)
descended (past second-person singular)
descendedst (archaic past second-person singular)
descends (present singular third-person)
descendeth (archaic present singular third-person)
descended (past singular third-person)
descend (plural present)
descended (past plural)
descend (present subjunctive)
descended (past subjunctive)
descend (imperative present)
descending (participle present)
descended (participle past)

PIE word
 *de
The verb is derived from Middle English descenden (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to go from a better to a worse condition, decline, degenerate; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”), from Anglo-Norman descendere, descendre, and Old French descendere, descendre (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”) (modern French descendre), and from their etymon Latin dēscendere, the present active infinitive of dēscendō (“to come or go down, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant; etc.”), from de- (prefix meaning ‘from; down from’) + scandō (“to ascend, climb; to clamber”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to climb, scale; to dart; to jump”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.

laskea

to pass from a higher to a lower part of (something)

afgaan

to physically move or pass from a higher to a lower place or position

The crown descends to the heir of the previous monarch.

[I]f the Tenant giue a part of the Tenancie to the father of the Lord in Taile, the father dieth, and this deſcends to the Lord, in this caſe by Act in Law the Seigniorie is ſuſpended in part and in eſſe for part, and the ſame Law is of a Rent charge.

1628, Edw[ard] Coke, “Of Rents”, in The First Part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England. […], London: […] [Adam Islip] for the Societe of Stationers, →OCLC, book 2, section 222, folio 148, verso:

As to eleemoſynary corporations, by the dotation the founder and his heirs are of common right the legal viſitors, to ſee that that property is rightly employed, vvhich vvould otherwiſe have deſcended to the viſitor himſelf: […]

1765, William Blackstone, “Of Corporations”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book I (Of the Rights of Persons), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 469:

The possession of the sacred fire and of the ancestral sticks, carrying with it both political authority and priestly dignity, descends in the male line, and hence generally passes from father to son.

1911, J[ames] G[eorge] Frazer, “The Fire-drill”, in The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, 3rd edition, part I (The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings, volume II), London: Macmillan and Co., […], →OCLC, page 217:

Senses relating to passing down from a source to another thing.

(intransitive, chiefly law) Of property, a right, etc.: to pass down to a generation, a person, etc., by inheritance.

periytyä

of property, a right, etc.: to pass down to a generation, a person, etc., by inheritance


affirm

en-verb

affirm (third-person singular simple present affirms, present participle affirming, simple past and past participle affirmed)

affirms (present singular third-person)
affirming (participle present)
affirmed (participle past)
affirmed (past)

From Middle English affermen, from Old French afermer, affermer, from Latin affirmare, adfirmare (“to present as fixed, aver, affirm”), from ad (“to”) + firmare (“to make firm”), from firmus (“firm”).

(law) To state under a solemn promise to tell the truth which is considered legally equivalent to an oath, especially of those who have religious or other moral objections to swearing oaths; also solemnly affirm.


refresher

(law) A fee paid to counsel to continue with a case, especially one that was adjourned.


prenda

Inherited from Old Spanish pendra, peñdra (with metathesis), from péñora, from Latin pignŏra, plural of pignus (“pledge; hostage”).


prender

Audio (US)

Borrowed from French prendre (“to take”), from Latin prehendere (“to take”).

(law) The power or right of taking a thing before it is offered


dette

dettes (plural)
dett (alternative)
det (alternative)
debte (alternative)
deatte (alternative)
debt (alternative)

English: debt

Scots: det, debt

From Old French dete, from Latin dēbita, from the plural of dēbitum.

(law, rare) A legal action in order to collect a money owed to one.


capital stock

en-noun

capital stock (usually uncountable, plural capital stocks)

(law, accounting, US) The total amount of common and preferred stock (shares) that a company can issue.


coterminous

From Latin conterminus, from con- (“with”) + terminus (“border, end”). The spelling with co- instead of con- is probably influenced by the related prefix co-.

(law) Said of linked or related property leases that expire together.


exigent

exigents (plural)
exigeant (alternative)

From Latin exigēns, present active participle of exigō (“demand, require”). Doublet of exigeant.

They also make forthe writs of executions, and of seifin, writs of super seders, for appearance to exigents

(obsolete, British, law) A writ in proceedings before outlawry.


caput

Unadapted borrowing from Latin caput (“the head”). Doublet of cabo, chefe, and chef.

ubor

(law) a title or header of a legal article containing its central idea


drop-dead

drop-dead date

The intruding investor (VC #2) makes an offer at a pre-money valuation of $15 million, subject to due diligence, and the expiration of the "drop dead" date, meaning the date in the initial investor's term sheet when exclusivity expires.

2003, Joseph W. Bartlett, Ross Barrett, Michael Butler, Advanced Private Equity Term Sheets and Series A Documents:

As the drop-dead date approaches, my mind becomes more focused.

2010, Richard L. Daft, The Executive and the Elephant, page 96:

If the assets [of a steel mill] were not sold by a fixed date, […]the “drop-dead” provision of the settlement agreement would take effect. Under that provision, the mills would be closed, the stay would be lifted, and the secured creditors would take possession. Probably neither the debtor nor the secured creditors believed that a sale could be completed before the drop-dead date.

2019, Lynn M. LoPucki, Elizabeth Warren, Robert M. Lawless, Secured Transactions: A Systems Approach, page 107:

(informal, not comparable, business, law) Absolutely final; being the deadline, especially in relation to a date set out in a contract upon which adverse consequences will flow if the contract has not been fulfilled.


amortize

en-verb

amortize (third-person singular simple present amortizes, present participle amortizing, simple past and past participle amortized)

amortizes (present singular third-person)
amortizing (participle present)
amortized (participle past)
amortized (past)
amortise (alternative UK)

From Middle English amortisen, from Old French amortir (via the stem amortiss-), from Vulgar Latin *admortīre, derived from Latin mortuus (“dead”).

(real estate, property law, transitive) To alienate (property) in mortmain.


decapitalize

decapitalize (third-person singular simple present decapitalizes, present participle decapitalizing, simple past and past participle decapitalized)

decapitalizes (present singular third-person)
decapitalizing (participle present)
decapitalized (participle past)
decapitalized (past)
decapitalise (alternative)

In 1801 Connecticut decapitalized arson, but only where no victim's life had been placed in danger.

2009, Stuart Banner, The Death Penalty: an American history, page 131:

(transitive, law) To remove (something's) status as a capital crime; to cause (something) to no longer be a capital crime.


constituent

From Latin cōnstituēns, present participle of cōnstituō (“I establish”), from com- (“together”) + statuo (“I set, place, establish”); see statute or statue, and compare institute and restitute.

(law) One who appoints another to act for him as attorney in fact


cease and desist

cease and desist (third-person singular simple present ceases and desists, present participle ceasing and desisting, simple past and past participle ceased and desisted)

ceases and desists (present singular third-person)
ceasing and desisting (participle present)
ceased and desisted (participle past)
ceased and desisted (past)

From cease (“stop”), and desist (“to not do again”).

We are told to cease and desist or we will cease to exist.


cease and desist

She received a cease-and-desist letter from his solicitors soon after the podcast.

copyright infringement
copyright infringement

(law, chiefly attributive) A written demand that a party stops and does not resume a certain behavior, such as copyright infringement, slander, or libel, threatening legal action if the recipient fails to do so.

His remarks did not stop the courts from issuing the cease-and-desist order.

(US, law, chiefly attributive) An order by a government agency, sanctioned by a court, that one must stop and not resume a certain (usually illegal) behavior.


injuria

/ɪnˈdʒʊəɹi.ə/

Borrowed from Latin iniuria. Doublet of injury.

(law) injury; invasion of another's rights


indecent exposure

en-noun

indecent exposure (usually uncountable, plural indecent exposures)

(law) The crime of intentionally exposing one's genitalia in public; in some cases also including the act of public urination and defecation.


defender

defenders (plural)
defendor (alternative obsolete)
defendour (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English defender, deffender, defendere, defendour, defendoure, partly from Anglo-Norman defendour, from Old French defendëor; partly from Middle English defenden + -ere, equivalent to defend + -er.

There was another protection to which she was intitled by that law, namely, a defender; but she had none.

1822, Thomas Bayly Howell, A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783, page 729:

So, what is contemplated under this model is that the defender would work with civil legal services lawyers to address the clients' needs.

2007, Barry Krisberg, Susan Marchionna, Christopher Baird, Continuing the Struggle for Justice, →ISBN, page 248:

It puts you at the head of the table, at a right angle to the witness; the court reporter sits to your right, and the defender sits on the witness's far side.

2010, Henry L. Hecht, Effective Depositions, →ISBN, page 243:

(law, rare) A lawyer who represents defendants, especially a public defender; a defense attorney (US) or defence counsel (UK).


faute

Inherited from Old French faute, from Vulgar Latin *fallita, feminine of *fallitus, in place of Latin falsus, perfect passive participle of fallō. Compare Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese falta. Doublet of faillite. Compare English fault and Spanish falta (“lack, shortage”).


busca

From Old Galician-Portuguese busca. Deverbal from buscar.

1354, M. Lucas Alvarez & M. J. Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). (Edición diplomática). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 237;

I give you all said right and voice and action, prosecution and complaint, I have against said Afonso Anes because of the leasehold charter of said farm and property of Seares

douuos todo o dito dereyto et uoz et auçon, busca et demanda que eu ey contra o dito Affonso Eanes por rason do praso de arrendamento que el a min fezo do dito casal et herdade de Seares


AE

Allerhöchste Entscheidung
Allerhöchste Entscheidung#German

(Germany, law) abbreviation of Allerhöchste Entscheidung (agency commission)

(Germany, law) abbreviation of Aufenthaltsermittlung (person search)

(Germany, law) abbreviation of Aufwandsentschädigung (compensation)

(Germany, law) abbreviation of Ausfuhrerklärung (export declaration)


AE

Allerhöchster Erlass
Allerhöchster Erlass#German

(Germany, law) abbreviation of Allerhöchster Erlass (supreme decree)


AE

(Germany, law, vehicles) Vogtlandkreis (Auerbach/Vogtl.)


squib

Possibly imitative of a small explosion.

unk

Possibly

(law) In a legal casebook, a short summary of a legal action placed between more extensively quoted cases.


consent decree

(law) A decree of a court giving effect to an agreement between the litigating parties.


TUPE

w:Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006

(UK, law) Acronym of Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006.


POA

power of attorney
power of attorney#English


DPOA

(law) Initialism of durable power of attorney.


PD

en-noun

PD (countable and uncountable, plural PDs)


FOP

FOP (countable and uncountable, plural FOPs)

freedom of panorama
freedom of panorama#English

(law) Initialism of freedom of panorama.


SORA

(law) Acronym of Sex Offenders Registration Act.


MCL

(law) Initialism of Michigan Compiled Laws.


MCR

(law) Initialism of Michigan Court Rules.


HIPAA

Because there is no HIPAA requirement that insurance companies also accept DSM-IV-TR codes, insurance companies are likely to only accept electronic claims that use ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes, and which will require psychologists who are only familiar with DSM-IV-TR to convert their DSM-IVTR diagnosis codes into ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes.

2012 July 7, “Covered Diagnoses & Crosswalk of DSM-IV Codes to ICD-9-CM Codes”, in CNN en Español, page 1:

However, several health privacy and ethics experts CNN consulted questioned whether Conley is bound by HIPAA rules, which apply only to providers who accept health insurance.

2020 October 7, Tami Lubby, “HIPAA and what it means for Trump, his doctor and the American public”, in CNN:

(US, law) Acronym of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.


PT

PT (countable and uncountable, plural PTs)


registrar

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪsˌtɹɑɹ/

From Medieval Latin registrārius, from registrum (“register”) + -ārius (“agent”). See more at register.

chief executive officer
chief executive officer

An official keeper or recorder of records.

(law) The chief executive officer of a judicial forum, in charge of the entire registry of the department.


ADR

ADR (countable and uncountable, plural ADRs)

/eɪ diː ˈɑː/

alternative dispute resolution
alternative dispute resolution#English

(law) Initialism of alternative dispute resolution.


APA

The complaint asserts ultra vires, Tenth Amendment, and APA claims, all primarily based on the allegation that Defendants unlawfully called into federal service members of the California National Guard.

2025 June 19, “Gavin Newsom v. Donald J. Trump”, in United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, page 7:

Administrative Procedure Act
w:Administrative Procedure Act

(law) Initialism of Administrative Procedure Act.


APA

(law) Initialism of assistant prosecuting attorney.


CAA

(law) Initialism of court-appointed attorney.


CJ

And though in Dodd and Eletcher the judgment was reversed, it was to the dissatisfaction of C. J. Holt, and other judges […]

1792, Reports of Cases Argued and Adjudged in the Court of King's Bench: In the Eleventh and Twelfth Years of the Reign of King George the Second. [1737-1738]:


PPO

PPO (countable and uncountable, plural PPOs)

(law) Initialism of personal protection order.


qadi

qadis (plural)
cadee (alternative)
cadi (alternative)
kadi (alternative)
Kazi (alternative)
qazi (alternative)
Quazi (alternative)
casis (alternative)
caxis (alternative)
casiz (alternative)
cashish (alternative)
cauzy (alternative)
cazee (alternative)
cazy (alternative)
kajee (alternative)
kashish (alternative)
cadjee (alternative)
cogee (alternative)

From Arabic قَاضٍ (qāḍin, “judge”). Doublet of alcalde, casis, and cauzee.

To this the Jew agreed, and the two went together to the great hall, in which the kadi was administering justice.

legal treatises dealing with the subject usually spoke of the appointment to office of a qadi [...].

1985, Yasmin Hussain, Sharon Siddique, Ahmad Ibrahim, Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia:

The Qazi, his spiritual adviser, had recommended that the Russian be taken out into the desert and buried alive [...].

1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 74:

While sharia law for divorce in many Muslim countries has been modified by governments, in Israel reform was initiated by qadis.

2011 July 22, Jill Hamilton, The Guardian:

(Islam, law) A judge who is trained in and practices Islamic law


HR

HR (countable and uncountable, plural HRs)

/eɪt͡ʃ ɑː(ɹ)/

(law, politics) Initialism of house resolution.


meretricious

en-adj

meretricious (comparative more meretricious, superlative most meretricious)

more meretricious (comparative)
most meretricious (superlative)

/ˌmɛɹɪˈtɹɪʃəs/

/ˌmɛɹəˈtɹɪʃəs/

From Latin meretrīcius, from meretrīx (“harlot, prostitute”), from mereō (“earn, deserve, merit”) (English merit) + -trīx (“(female agent)”) (English -trix).

(law) Involving unlawful sexual connection or lack of consent by at least one party (said of a romantic relationship).


uplift

en-verb

uplift (third-person singular simple present uplifts, present participle uplifting, simple past and past participle uplifted)

uplifts (present singular third-person)
uplifting (participle present)
uplifted (participle past)
uplifted (past)

извисявам

to raise something or someone to a higher level

A man who abused a Police Community Support Officer for being transgender has received an uplifted sentence at Mold Magistrates' Court... At Court the prosecutor applied for the sentence for the public order offence to be uplifted to reflect the hate crime aspect. This resulted in the Court imposing a greater penalty.

2020 January 29, “Transphobic hate crime results in increased sentence for Mold teenager”, in Crown Prosecution Service, London: Crown Prosecution Service, retrieved 2020-01-30:

(law, of a penalty) To aggravate; to increase.

(law, Australia, transitive) To remove (a document) from its current possessor and take it into one's own possession.


uplift

en-noun

uplift (countable and uncountable, plural uplifts)

The CMA fined the companies involved £3.4 million, which included uplifts for director level involvement.

2020, David Begg, Economics for Business, page 148:

(law) An increase in a fine or penalty due to aggravating circumstances.


COBRA

There were COBRA forms to fill out for insurance, and unemployment to file for.

2021, Ruth Ozeki, The Book of Form and Emptiness, Canongate Books (2022), page 478:

w:Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985

(US, law) Initialism of Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, especially the provision that allows some employees to continue their group-based health insurance after leaving a job; also, health insurance obtained under this law.


RSC

(Canada, law) Initialism of Revised Statutes of Canada.


EPA

EPA (countable and uncountable, plural EPAs)

enduring power of attorney
enduring power of attorney#English

(countable, law, England and Wales) Initialism of enduring power of attorney.


PII

public-interest immunity
w:public-interest immunity

(UK, law) Initialism of public-interest immunity.


RC

RC (countable and uncountable, plural RCs)

(law) Initialism of receiving and concealing (stolen property).


RC

responsabilité civile
w:fr:responsabilité civile

(law) initialism of responsabilité civile


CER

Three principal types of emission credits may also be traded under this regime: (a) the “emission reduction unit” (ERU); (b) the “certified emission reduction” (CER); and (c) the “removal unit” (RMU). Each ERU, CER, and RMU is an entitlement to emit the equivalent of one metric ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. […] CERs arise from the “clean development mechanism” in Article 12 of the protocol.

2014, John G Sprankling, “Rights in Airspace and Outer Space”, in The International Law of Property, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 174:

certified emission reduction
certified emission reduction#English

(law) Initialism of certified emission reduction.

(Michigan, law) Initialism of certified electronic recorder.


CPS

‘Itʼs entrapment,’ said Silver. ‘The CPS wonʼt prosecute.’

2020, Ben Aaronovitch, False Value, Gollancz, page 233:

Big showering of affection at beginning of relationship can be used to confuse victims and gain control, CPS warns[.]

2023 April 23, Amelia Gentleman, “CPS includes ‘love-bombing’ in guidance on abusive partners prosecution”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Crown Prosecution Service
w:Crown Prosecution Service

(UK, law) Initialism of Crown Prosecution Service.


FOIA

First use appears c. 1968, in the publication Administrative Law Review.

FOIA is what enables regular people to pester powerful federal agencies into handing over information about what they’ve been up to. FOIA’s website calls it “the law that keeps citizens in the know about their government.”

2017 July 23, Michelle Cottle, “The War on the Freedom of Information Act”, in The Atlantic:

The watchdog group behind the FOIA litigation has taken up Cooper’s invitation for discovery, seeking depositions of Gleason and of Steve Davis, a longtime Musk adviser now involved with DOGE, as well as other internal information about its work.

2025 March 30, Tierney Sneed, “Is DOGE actually an agency? The answer could have major ramifications”, in CNN:

w:Freedom of Information Act (United States)

(law, US politics) Acronym of Freedom of Information Act.


FOIA

en-verb

FOIA (third-person singular simple present FOIAs, present participle FOIAing, simple past and past participle FOIAed)

FOIAs (present singular third-person)
FOIAing (participle present)
FOIAed (participle past)
FOIAed (past)

(law, transitive) To request or obtain records using the Freedom of Information Act.


GAL

(law) Initialism of guardian ad litem, an individual (often a lawyer) appointed to represent the best interests of a child or incapacitated person for the purpose of a legal procedure.


FC

en-noun

FC (countable and uncountable, plural FCs)


residue

residue (countable and uncountable, plural residues)

From Middle English residue, from Old French residu, from Latin residuum, neuter of residuus (“remaining”), from resideō (“I remain behind”). Doublet of residuum.

(law) Whatever property or effects are left in an estate after payment of all debts, other charges and deduction of what is specifically bequeathed by the testator.

kuolinpesän jakamaton nettovarallisuus

(law) property or effects remaining in an estate after deduction of debts, charges and bequests


司法

/sz̩⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɑʔ²⁴/

/ɬo⁵³³⁻¹³ haʔ²¹/

/ɬo⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ haʔ²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɑʔ²⁴/

/ɬo⁵³³⁻¹³ haʔ²¹/

/ɬo⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ haʔ²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ huat̚³²/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

司法機關

司法机关

司法運作

司法运作

司法合作

(government, law) administration of justice; judiciary; judicature


tacking

tacking (countable and uncountable, plural tackings)

The English doctrine of tacking was first solemnly established in Marsh v . Lee , under the assistance of Sir Matthew Hale , who compared the operation to a plank in shipwreck gained by the last mortgagee

1826, James Kent, Commentaries on American Law:

(law) A union of securities given at different times, all of which must be redeemed before an intermediate purchaser can interpose a claim.

(law) The joining together of consecutive periods of possession of property, especially between squatters in cases of adverse possession.


reporter

reporters (plural)
reportor (alternative)
reportour (alternative)

→ Catalan: repòrter

→ Greek: ρεπόρτερ (repórter)

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English reportour, from Old French reporteur; equivalent to report + -er.

(law) A case reporter; a bound volume of printed legal opinions from a particular jurisdiction.


ex post facto

From Latin ex (“from”) + post (“after”) + facto, ablative of factum (“deed”). In Latin, ex takes the ablative case, while post takes the accusative case. (See Wikipedia for a discussion of the grammatical form and usage of this phrase.)

expost facto (alternative)
expostfacto (alternative)

Coupled with the Constitution's proscription of ex post facto laws is a similar prohibition against bills of attainder.

1998, Daniel E. Troy, Retroactive Legislation, page 56:

That the tax would take effect after some of the payments were made also raises issues. Says former Attorney General Richard Thornburg, also in an e-mail: "Such legislation could well run afoul of constitutional restrictions on bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, laws impairing the obligations of contract, unauthorized takings of property and the like."

2009 March 21, Jim McTague, “Would a Tax on Bonuses Be Constitutional?”, in Barron's:

(law) Formulated or enacted after some event, and then retroactively applied to it.

taannehtiva

formulated or enacted after some event, then retroactively applied to it


ex post facto

What he did was not a crime when he did it, but he was convicted ex post facto.

(law) By retroactive application of a law formulated or enacted after the deed in question.


factum

(law, civil law) Anything stated and made certain.

Somebody's own act and deed.
Anything stated and made certain.

(law) The due execution of a will, including everything necessary to its validity.

But according to a factum filed by Crown prosecutors, Shaikh's status was "confidential informer," therefore RCMP did not direct him about what to do at the camp.

2009 January 31, Isabel Teotonio, “Police mole trapped teen, court told”, in Toronto Star:

(law, Canada) A statement of fact and law delivered before a court.

Fraud in the factum


ICT

ICT (countable and uncountable, plural ICTs)

(law) Initialism of International Crimes Tribunal.


FAA

Federal Arbitration Act
w:Federal Arbitration Act

(law) Initialism of Federal Arbitration Act (9 USC 1).


CR

CR (countable and uncountable, plural CRs)

Most continuing resolutions are temporary measures that expire on the date specified in the CR, or are superseded by enactment of the regular appropriations act.

2004, Allen Schick, The Federal Budget: Politics, Policy, Process, →ISBN, page 228:

A few days later in a meeting with the president, Clinton asked Gingrich for a continuing resolution (CR) to continue funding the government until they could work out a compromise. “If I go back and try to get a longterm CR without a budget from you, the next time you'll be dealing with Speaker Armey," he said.

2008, Steven M. Gillon, The Pact: Bill Clinton, Newt Gingrich, and the Rivalry that Defined a Generation, →ISBN:

CRs are a common occurrence because it is highly unusual for Congress and the president to pass all 13 appropriations bills by the start of the new fiscal year.

2014, Robert E. Dewhirst, John David Rausch, Encyclopedia of the United States Congress, →ISBN, page 149:

continuing resolution
continuing resolution#English

(US politics, law) Initialism of continuing resolution.


AHA

AHA (countable and uncountable, plural AHAs)

Agricultural Holdings Act tenancy#English

(countable, property law, England and Wales) Initialism of Agricultural Holdings Act tenancy.


AHA

Agricultural Holdings Act
w:Agricultural Holdings Act

(countable, property law, England and Wales) Initialism of Agricultural Holdings Act.


MQSA

(US, law) Initialism of Mammography Quality Standards Act.


PL

(copyright law) Initialism of public license.

The government's primary market promotion tool is Public Law 480, the Food for Peace program. Since its inception in 1954, PL 480 has provided an outlet in less-developed countries for American agricultural surpluses.

1982, Richard Gilmore, A Poor Harvest: The Clash of Policies and Interests in the Grain Trade, page 21:

(US, law, government) Initialism of public law.


PL

projeto de lei
projeto de lei#Portuguese

(law) initialism of projeto de lei (“bill”)


CPR

Civil Procedure Rules
w:Civil Procedure Rules

(law, England and Wales) Initialism of Civil Procedure Rules.


WMO

(Netherlands, healthcare, law) initialism of wet medisch-wetenschappelijk onderzoek met mensen (“Act on medical scientific research with human beings”)


JAG

JAG (countable and uncountable, plural JAGs)

Of the three JAGs who were dismissed, I know Lt. Gen. Charles Plummer and worked with him for more than three years.

2025 February 24, Frank Kendall, “America Has a Rogue President”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(US military, law) Acronym of judge advocate general.


MSA

MSA (countable and uncountable, plural MSAs)

(law) Initialism of master service agreement.


CFR

Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 77 requires that anyone building a structure near an airport report their intentions to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

2024 August 19, “LAKETOWN 115-kV TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT IN CARVER COUNTY, MN”, in Great River Energy, page 25:

Code of Federal Regulations
w:Code of Federal Regulations

(US, law) Initialism of Code of Federal Regulations.


STA

(law, US) Initialism of special temporary authority (to operate a radio station in the US).


Sen.

Republican Sens. Susan Collins of Maine and Mitt Romney of Utah both confirmed that a bipartisan group of lawmakers will have a series of video meetings starting in the next several days to see if they could agree on a deal soon.

2022 January 20, Lauren Fox, Morgan Rimmer and Clare Foran, “Senate votes to confirm Pam Bondi as attorney general”, in CNN:

The vote was 54-46. The vote was mostly along party lines though Democratic Sen. John Fetterman of Pennsylvania joined Republicans in supporting Bondi.

2025 February 4, Shania Shelton and Morgan Rimmer, “Senate votes to confirm Pam Bondi as attorney general”, in CNN:


living will

(law) A document, made by a person when still legally fit to do so, which provides clear instructions or principles to be employed by a surrogate decision-maker, such as expressing a desire to be allowed to die instead of being kept alive by artificial means, in the event of being severely disabled or suffering from a terminal illness.

生前遺囑 /生前遗嘱

document giving durable power of attorney to a surrogate decision-maker for healthcare purposes


CBA

(law) Initialism of County Bar Association.


Rep.

Reps. Seth Moulton, a Democrat from Massachusetts, and Peter Meijer, a Republican from Michigan, said in a joint statement Tuesday that they had traveled to Kabul “to conduct oversight on the mission to evacuate Americans and our allies” and that the trip had been conducted in secret “to minimize the risk and disruption to the people on the ground.” […] Democratic Rep. Sara Jacobs of California, a member of the Armed Services Committee, also criticized her colleagues’ decision to travel overseas, saying in a tweet: “Whether it is Haiti or Afghanistan, taking up space in a disaster zone for your own ego helps no one.”

2021 August 24, Devan Cole, Ryan Nobles, Zachary Cohen and Oren Liebermann, “Two congressmen traveled to Afghanistan amid frantic evacuation efforts”, in CNN:


Gen.

Gens. (plural)
Gen (alternative)
Genl (alternative)
Gen'l (alternative)

(law) Abbreviation of general (business or agency description).


DNC

(US, law, historical) Initialism of District of North Carolina, a former United States federal court.


Tenn.

(law) Abbreviation of Tennessee: a state of the United States, as used in case citations.


CAS

Court of Arbitration for Sport
w:Court of Arbitration for Sport

(law, sports) Initialism of Court of Arbitration for Sport.


Del.

(law) Abbreviation of Delaware: a state of the United States, as used in case citations.


Va.

(law) Abbreviation of Virginia: a state of the United States, as used in case citations.


Wis.

(law) Abbreviation of Wisconsin: a state of the United States, as used in case citations.


Wyo.

(law) Abbreviation of Wyoming: a state of the United States, as used in case citations.


Vt.

(law) Abbreviation of Vermont: a state of the United States, as used in case citations.


PACE

Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
w:Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984

(UK, law) Acronym of Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984.


Pa.

(law) Abbreviation of Pennsylvania: a state of the United States, as used in case citations.


Wash.

(law) Abbreviation of Washington: a state of the United States, as used in case citations.


ATP

ATP (countable and uncountable, plural ATPs)

Mr Sumption said: "The object would be to enable the Secretary of State to reconsider the decision, not simply so as to consider the reduction in the scope of the extradition proceedings which arises from the decision of the House of Lords, but to consider whether, in the light of that reduction, it would be right to issue an ATP (authorisation to proceed) at all."

1999 March 29, “Pinochet lawyers to challenge extradition ruling”, in The Guardian:

(law, project management) Initialism of authorization to proceed.


soc

From Middle English soke, sok, soc, from Old English sōcn. More at soke.

As proprietors of the soc, the lords claimed a great number of fees and perquisites, payable by all classes of people, whether free or servile, who negotiated any affairs within the soc, and which no doubt formed in themselves a considerable source of revenue.

1869, George Norton, Commentaries on the History, Constitution, and Chartered Franchises of the City of London, page 96:

Doubts have recently been cast upon Maitland's view that the Anglo-Saxon "sac and soc" included the right to hold a petty court, to compel tenants to attend it, and to take profits from it.

2001, Theodore Frank Thomas Plucknett, A Concise History of the Common Law, page 96:

(UK, law, historical) The lord's power or privilege of holding a court in a district, as in manor or lordship; jurisdiction of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction.


escheat

escheat (countable and uncountable, plural escheats)

From Middle English eschete, from Anglo-Norman escheat, Old French eschet, escheit, escheoit (“that which falls to one”), from the past participle of escheoir (“to fall”), from Vulgar Latin *excadēre, from Latin ex + cadere (“fall”).

(law) The return of property of a deceased person to the state (originally to a feudal lord) where there are no legal heirs or claimants.


tried

en-adj

tried (comparative more tried, superlative most tried)

more tried (comparative)
most tried (superlative)
tryed (alternative)

From Middle English tried, tryed, equivalent to try + -ed.

(law) Put on trial, taken before a lawcourt.


NPS

en-noun

NPS (countable and uncountable, plural NPSs)

new psychoactive substance
new psychoactive substance#English

(law) Initialism of new psychoactive substance.


JIT

joint investigation team
joint investigation team#English

(law) Initialism of joint investigation team.


dico

la-verb

dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative

dīcō (canonical)
irregular short imperative (canonical)
dīcere (infinitive present)
dīxī (active perfect)
dictum (supine)
dīcō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dīcis (active indicative present second-person singular)
dīcit (active indicative present singular third-person)
dīcimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
dīcitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
dīcunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
dīcēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dīcēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dīcēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dīcēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dīcēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dīcēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dīcam (active first-person future indicative singular)
dīcēbō (active first-person future indicative singular)
dīcēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
dīcet (active future indicative singular third-person)
dīcēbit (active future indicative singular third-person)
dīcēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
dīcētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
dīcent (active future indicative plural third-person)
dīxī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dīxistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dīxtī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dīxit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dīximus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dīxistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dīxērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dīxēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dīxeram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dīxerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dīxerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dīxerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dīxerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dīxerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dīxerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dīxeris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dīxerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dīxerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dīxeritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dīxerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dīxō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
dīxis (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
dīxit (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
dīximus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
dīxitis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
dīxint (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
dīcor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
dīceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dīcere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dīcitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
dīcimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
dīciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dīcuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dīcēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
dīcēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dīcēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dīcēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
dīcēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
dīcēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
dīcēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
dīcar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
dīcēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dīcēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dīcētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
dīcēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
dīcēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
dīcentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
dīcam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dīcās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dīcāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dīcātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dīcant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dīcerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dīcerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dīceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dīcerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dīcerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dīcerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dīxerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dīxerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dīxerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dīxerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dīxerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dīxerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dīxissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dīxissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dīxisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dīxissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dīxissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dīxissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dīxim (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
dīxīs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
dīxīt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
dīxīmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
dīxītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
dīxint (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
dīcar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dīcāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dīcāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dīcāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dīcantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dīcerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
dīcerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dīcerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dīcerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
dīcerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dīcerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dīc (active imperative present second-person singular)
dīce (active imperative present second-person singular)
dīcite (active imperative plural present second-person)
dīcitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
dīcitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
dīcitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
dīcuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
dīcere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
dīciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
dīcitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
dīcitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
dīcuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
dīcere (active infinitive present)
dīcī (infinitive passive present)
dīcier (infinitive passive present)
dīcēns (active participle present)
dictūrum esse (active future infinitive)
dictum īrī (future infinitive passive)
dictūrus (active future participle)
dīcendus (future participle passive)
dīcundus (future participle passive)
dīxisse (active infinitive perfect)
dīxe (active infinitive perfect)
dictum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
dictus (participle passive perfect)
dictum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
dictūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
dīcendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
dīcendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
dīcendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
dīcendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
dictum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
dictū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)
deicō (alternative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dzãc, dzãtsiri

Istro-Romanian: zic

Megleno-Romanian: zic, ziceri, zițiri

Romanian: zice, zicere

Dalmatian:

dicro, decro, dekro

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: dì

Gallurese: dì

Italian: dire

Judeo-Italian: דִירֵי (dire)

Neapolitan: dicere

Sassarese: dì

Sicilian: diri, dìciri

North Italian:

Friulian: dî

Istriot: deî

Ladin: dì, dir

Ligurian: dî

Piedmontese: dì

desc

Romansch: dir, deir (Surmiran), dür (Puter, Vallader), gir, dir (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader), deir (Surmiran), deir, dir (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Rumantsch Grischun), dür (Puter, Vallader)

Venetan: dir

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: dére

French: dire

→ Esperanto: diri

Norman: dithe (Jersey)

Walloon: dire

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: dir, dire (Northern, Alghero), diure (Alghero)

Occitan: dire, díder, díser, díguer

Ibero-Romance:

Old Navarro-Aragonese: dezir, deçir, dizir

Aragonese: decir, dicir

Old Leonese: dizer

Asturian: dicir, dicer

Extremaduran: dizil

Leonese: dicire

Mirandese: dezir, dexir

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: dizer
Galician: dicir, dizer (reintegrationist), decer
Portuguese: dizer, dezer

Old Spanish: dezir, deçir, dicer, dizer, dizir
Ladino: dezir, dizer, dizir
Spanish: decir

Borrowings:

→ English: dictum, ipse dixit

→ French: dixit

From Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”) (reformed as a thematic verb). The perfect forms are derived from Proto-Indo-European *dḗyḱst.
Cognates include Oscan 𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌊𐌖𐌌 (deíkum, “to show, point out”), Sanskrit दिशति (diśáti), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi) and Old English tǣċan (English teach).


tax evasion

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tax evasion.wav

(taxation, criminology) The illegal reduction of paying tax, especially by making a false declaration of income etc.


tax haven

Such colonies claim to be "more British than the British", except that they pay no UK tax and act as tax havens for funds from Britain. Gibraltar has made a particular specialism of internet gambling.

2013 August 14, Simon Jenkins, “Gibraltar and the Falklands deny the logic of history”, in The Guardian:

(law, business, taxation) A jurisdiction that levies low tax rates on certain economic activities, especially to attract wealthy individuals and foreign businesses.

belastingparadys

country that levies low taxes on foreign businesses


SVG

de-noun

SVG n (strong, genitive SVG, plural SVGs)

(Germany, law) initialism of Soldatenversorgungsgesetz

(Switzerland, law) abbreviation of Strassenverkehrsgesetz


precept

precepts (plural)
præcept (alternative archaic)

Borrowed from Late Latin praeceptum, form of praecipiō (“to teach”), from Latin prae (“pre-”) + capiō (“take”).

(law) A written command, especially a demand for payment.


telephone call

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-telephone call.wav

(law, colloquial) A quick, informal consultation or conversation with a lawyer, usually by a party in distress or that is about to be placed under arrest.


IST

(law) Initialism of incompetent to stand trial.


DMCA

The DMCA also gives the targets of notice-and-takedown complaints a limited opportunity to have access to their materials restored.

2001, Charles H. Kennedy, An introduction to U.S. telecommunications law:

Digital Millennium Copyright Act
w:Digital Millennium Copyright Act

(US law) Initialism of Digital Millennium Copyright Act.


disclaimer

Partly from Middle English discleymer, from Anglo-Norman desclamer; and partly from disclaim + -er.

Subject to the provisions of this section, any person who, after the commencement of this Act, succeeds to a peerage in the peerage of England, Scotland, Great Britain or the United Kingdom may, by an instrument of disclaimer delivered to the Lord Chancellor within the period prescribed by this Act, disclaim that peerage for his life.

1963, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “section 1(1)”, in Peerage Act 1963ᵂⁱᵏⁱˢᵒᵘʳᶜᵉ, page 1:

(law) A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title, claim, interest, estate, or trust; relinquishment or waiver of an interest or estate.

farağatnamə

law: denial, disavowal, or renunciation (as of a title, claim, interest, estate, or trust; relinquishment or waiver of an interest or estate)


warranty

en-noun

warranty (countable and uncountable, plural warranties)

From Middle English warantye, warantie, from Anglo-Norman warrantie, an Old Northern French variant of Old French guarantie (Modern French garantie). Doublet of guarantee and guaranty. More at warrant.

covenant of warranty
covenant of warranty

(countable, law, real estate, obsolete) A legal agreement that was a real covenant and ran with the land: The grantor of a piece of real estate held in freehold, and their heirs, were required to officially guarantee their claim and plead their case for the title. If evicted by someone with a superior claim (paramount title), they were also required to hand over other real estate of equal value in recompense. It has now been replaced by personal covenants and the covenant of warranty.

(law, countable, real estate) A covenant, also called the covenant of warranty, whereby the grantor assures the grantee that he or she will not be subject to the claims of someone with a paramount title, thereby guaranteeing the status of the title that is being conveyed.

(countable, law) A legal agreement, either written or oral (an expressed warranty) or implied through the actions of the buyer and seller (an implied warranty), which states that the goods or property in question will be in exactly the same state as promised, such as in a sale of an item or piece of real estate.

garanci

legal: an agreement which states that the goods or property in question will be in exactly the same state as promised

(countable, insurance law) A stipulation of an insurance policy made by an insuree, guaranteeing that the facts of the policy are true and the insurance risk is as stated, which if not fulfilled renders the policy void.

אחראיות יצרן

insurance law: a stipulation of an insurance policy made by an insuree, guaranteeing that the facts of the policy are true and the insurance risk is as stated


acquest

acquest (countable and uncountable, plural acquests)

From Middle English aqueste (later conflating with enqueste), from Old French aquest, (French acquêt), from Vulgar Latin *acquaesitum, ultimately from Latin quaerere (“seek”). Doublet of acquis.

(law) Property acquired by purchase, gift, or otherwise than by inheritance.


AST

AST (countable and uncountable, plural ASTs)

assured shorthold tenancy
w:assured shorthold tenancy

(property law, real estate, England and Wales) Initialism of assured shorthold tenancy.


reversible

/ɹəˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪbəl/

Probably from Middle French, equivalent to reverse + -ible.

(law) Providing sufficient reason for a court decision to be overturned on appeal.


FBT

FBT (countable and uncountable, plural FBTs)

farm business tenancy
farm business tenancy#English

(countable, property law, England and Wales) Initialism of farm business tenancy.


FQPA

(US, law) Initialism of Food Quality Protection Act.


alimony

alimony (countable and uncountable, plural alimonies)

→ Welsh: alimoni

Known since the 17th century, from Latin alimōnia (“food, support, nourishment, sustenance”) (English aliment, as in alimentary), itself from alō (“to nourish”) + -mōnia (“action, state, condition”).

der

In that case he has to pay her alimony even if there are no children, and if she is one of those smart ones, interested in nothing but a good living and independence, she is set for life.

1938 November 11, Westbrook Pegler, “Fair Enough”, in The Evening Independent, St. Petersburg, Florida, retrieved 2008-12-20, page A1:

Who won, huh? Nobody. Used to be sex was the only free thing, No longer. Alimony… palimony… it's all financial. Love is an illusion.

1985, Joel Schumacher, Carl Kurlander, St. Elmo's Fire (motion picture), spoken by Kevin Dolenz (Andrew McCarthy):

Audball's latest pickup didn't seem to care where they were, or anything at all about alimony, palimony, or child support […]

2002, James A. Abrahamson, Confessions of a Diplomatic Pouch Clerk, page 192:

(law, sometimes derogatory) A court-mandated allowance made to a former spouse by a divorced or legally separated person.


appurtenance

appurtenances (plural)
appertainance (alternative dated)
appurtenaunce (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English appurtenaunce, from Anglo-Norman apurtenance and Old French apartenance, from apartenir, from Latin appertineō (“I belong, I appertain”). More at appertain. By surface analysis, appertain + -ance.

It is well settled that a water right may pass with land as an appurtenance thereto, or as a parcel thereof.

1908, Samuel Charles Wiel, Water Rights in the Western States, page 340:

Also I will that anon after the said nine years after my decease determined that my said feoffees make estate of all the said manors, lands and tenements with the appurtenance to my next heir and to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten.

2019, Michèle Schindler, Lovell our Dogge:

(law) A subordinate interest in land which benefits a principal estate, which cannot be detached from or held separately to that estate; an appurtenant interest.

Zubehör

(law) minor property that passes with the main property


arguendo

1978, Matter of Green, 586 F. 2d 1247 - U.S. Court of Appeals, 8th Circuit
Assuming arguendo that those assertions are factually true, we find respondent's claim to be without legal merit.

Grant me, arguendo, that sort of scenario, with the Soviet federation rebuilding and small wars raging here and there, as the world of the millennium.

1990 February 5, William Safire, “Staying a Superpower”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(law) for the sake of argument; assuming without deciding; identifying the premises of a hypothetical argument while making it clear that no finding is being made on whether the premises are true.

(law) Used to set off the facts presented in an argument on a point of law from facts in dispute in the case.


tenement

From Middle English tenement, from Anglo-Norman tenement (“holding”), from Old French tenement, from Medieval Latin tenimentum, from Latin teneō (“hold”).

The island of Brecqhou is a tenement of Sark.

(law) Any form of property that is held by one person from another, rather than being owned.

verpachting

any form of property that is held by one person from another, rather than being owned


PP

peraturan pemerintah
peraturan pemerintah#Indonesian

(government, law) initialism of peraturan pemerintah


murha

murha (nominative singular)
murhat (nominative plural)
murha (accusative nominative singular)
murhat (accusative nominative plural)
murhan (accusative genitive singular)
murhat (accusative genitive plural)
murhan (genitive singular)
murhien (genitive plural)
murhain (genitive plural rare)
murhaa (partitive singular)
murhia (partitive plural)
murhassa (inessive singular)
murhissa (inessive plural)
murhasta (elative singular)
murhista (elative plural)
murhaan (illative singular)
murhiin (illative plural)
murhalla (adessive singular)
murhilla (adessive plural)
murhalta (ablative singular)
murhilta (ablative plural)
murhalle (allative singular)
murhille (allative plural)
murhana (essive singular)
murhina (essive plural)
murhaksi (singular translative)
murhiksi (plural translative)
murhatta (abessive singular)
murhitta (abessive plural)
murhin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
murhani (nominative singular)
murhani (nominative plural)
murhani (accusative nominative singular)
murhani (accusative nominative plural)
murhani (accusative genitive singular)
murhani (accusative genitive plural)
murhani (genitive singular)
murhieni (genitive plural)
murhaini (genitive plural rare)
murhaani (partitive singular)
murhiani (partitive plural)
murhassani (inessive singular)
murhissani (inessive plural)
murhastani (elative singular)
murhistani (elative plural)
murhaani (illative singular)
murhiini (illative plural)
murhallani (adessive singular)
murhillani (adessive plural)
murhaltani (ablative singular)
murhiltani (ablative plural)
murhalleni (allative singular)
murhilleni (allative plural)
murhanani (essive singular)
murhinani (essive plural)
murhakseni (singular translative)
murhikseni (plural translative)
murhattani (abessive singular)
murhittani (abessive plural)
murhineni (comitative plural)
murhasi (nominative singular)
murhasi (nominative plural)
murhasi (accusative nominative singular)
murhasi (accusative nominative plural)
murhasi (accusative genitive singular)
murhasi (accusative genitive plural)
murhasi (genitive singular)
murhiesi (genitive plural)
murhaisi (genitive plural rare)
murhaasi (partitive singular)
murhiasi (partitive plural)
murhassasi (inessive singular)
murhissasi (inessive plural)
murhastasi (elative singular)
murhistasi (elative plural)
murhaasi (illative singular)
murhiisi (illative plural)
murhallasi (adessive singular)
murhillasi (adessive plural)
murhaltasi (ablative singular)
murhiltasi (ablative plural)
murhallesi (allative singular)
murhillesi (allative plural)
murhanasi (essive singular)
murhinasi (essive plural)
murhaksesi (singular translative)
murhiksesi (plural translative)
murhattasi (abessive singular)
murhittasi (abessive plural)
murhinesi (comitative plural)
murhamme (nominative singular)
murhamme (nominative plural)
murhamme (accusative nominative singular)
murhamme (accusative nominative plural)
murhamme (accusative genitive singular)
murhamme (accusative genitive plural)
murhamme (genitive singular)
murhiemme (genitive plural)
murhaimme (genitive plural rare)
murhaamme (partitive singular)
murhiamme (partitive plural)
murhassamme (inessive singular)
murhissamme (inessive plural)
murhastamme (elative singular)
murhistamme (elative plural)
murhaamme (illative singular)
murhiimme (illative plural)
murhallamme (adessive singular)
murhillamme (adessive plural)
murhaltamme (ablative singular)
murhiltamme (ablative plural)
murhallemme (allative singular)
murhillemme (allative plural)
murhanamme (essive singular)
murhinamme (essive plural)
murhaksemme (singular translative)
murhiksemme (plural translative)
murhattamme (abessive singular)
murhittamme (abessive plural)
murhinemme (comitative plural)
murhanne (nominative singular)
murhanne (nominative plural)
murhanne (accusative nominative singular)
murhanne (accusative nominative plural)
murhanne (accusative genitive singular)
murhanne (accusative genitive plural)
murhanne (genitive singular)
murhienne (genitive plural)
murhainne (genitive plural rare)
murhaanne (partitive singular)
murhianne (partitive plural)
murhassanne (inessive singular)
murhissanne (inessive plural)
murhastanne (elative singular)
murhistanne (elative plural)
murhaanne (illative singular)
murhiinne (illative plural)
murhallanne (adessive singular)
murhillanne (adessive plural)
murhaltanne (ablative singular)
murhiltanne (ablative plural)
murhallenne (allative singular)
murhillenne (allative plural)
murhananne (essive singular)
murhinanne (essive plural)
murhaksenne (singular translative)
murhiksenne (plural translative)
murhattanne (abessive singular)
murhittanne (abessive plural)
murhinenne (comitative plural)
murhansa (nominative singular)
murhansa (nominative plural)
murhansa (accusative nominative singular)
murhansa (accusative nominative plural)
murhansa (accusative genitive singular)
murhansa (accusative genitive plural)
murhansa (genitive singular)
murhiensa (genitive plural)
murhainsa (genitive plural rare)
murhaansa (partitive singular)
murhiaan (partitive plural)
murhiansa (partitive plural)
murhassaan (inessive singular)
murhassansa (inessive singular)
murhissaan (inessive plural)
murhissansa (inessive plural)
murhastaan (elative singular)
murhastansa (elative singular)
murhistaan (elative plural)
murhistansa (elative plural)
murhaansa (illative singular)
murhiinsa (illative plural)
murhallaan (adessive singular)
murhallansa (adessive singular)
murhillaan (adessive plural)
murhillansa (adessive plural)
murhaltaan (ablative singular)
murhaltansa (ablative singular)
murhiltaan (ablative plural)
murhiltansa (ablative plural)
murhalleen (allative singular)
murhallensa (allative singular)
murhilleen (allative plural)
murhillensa (allative plural)
murhanaan (essive singular)
murhanansa (essive singular)
murhinaan (essive plural)
murhinansa (essive plural)
murhakseen (singular translative)
murhaksensa (singular translative)
murhikseen (plural translative)
murhiksensa (plural translative)
murhattaan (abessive singular)
murhattansa (abessive singular)
murhittaan (abessive plural)
murhittansa (abessive plural)
murhineen (comitative plural)
murhinensa (comitative plural)

Probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*murþa-), from Proto-Germanic *murþą (for *þ > *h, compare huopa), SSA however instead opines that the word may be a back-derivation from murhe, with influence in meaning from the Germanic word. If a loan, doublet of marras.


aspirational

en-adj

aspirational (comparative more aspirational, superlative most aspirational)

more aspirational (comparative)
most aspirational (superlative)

/ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃənəl/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-aspirational.wav

(law) Expressing a hope or intention but not creating a legally binding obligation.


proceeding

proceedings (plural)
proceding (alternative obsolete)

/pɹəˈsiːdɪŋ/

December 7 2016, Kelly Phillips Erb writing in Forbes, House Says No To Renewed Efforts To Impeach IRS Commissioner
Since impeachment is a legal proceeding, while anyone can make a motion to start the process, the Judiciary Committee determines whether there are sufficient grounds for impeachment.

(law) Any legal action, especially one that is not a lawsuit.


intellectual property

en-noun

intellectual property (usually uncountable, plural intellectual properties)

According to this saga of intellectual-property misanthropy, these creatures [patent trolls] roam the business world, buying up patents and then using them to demand extravagant payouts from companies they accuse of infringing them. Often, their victims pay up rather than face the costs of a legal battle.

2013 June 8, “Obama goes troll-hunting”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 55:

The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies. […] current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate […] “stateless income”: profit subject to tax in a jurisdiction that is neither the location of the factors of production that generate the income nor where the parent firm is domiciled.

2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:

(copyright law, uncountable) A kind of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect, such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks.

One area of current change concerns intellectual properties and intellectual property rights.
"Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture"

For technology companies, a well-constructed system for managing intellectual properties is fundamental to being able to extract full value from the properties
"Profiting from Intellectual Capital: Extracting Value from Innovation" By Patrick H. Sullivan

(copyright law, countable) Any individual work that is protected under intellectual property law.


on the bench

(law, of a judge) Presiding over a court.


surma

surma (nominative singular)
surmat (nominative plural)
surma (accusative nominative singular)
surmat (accusative nominative plural)
surman (accusative genitive singular)
surmat (accusative genitive plural)
surman (genitive singular)
surmien (genitive plural)
surmain (genitive plural rare)
surmaa (partitive singular)
surmia (partitive plural)
surmassa (inessive singular)
surmissa (inessive plural)
surmasta (elative singular)
surmista (elative plural)
surmaan (illative singular)
surmiin (illative plural)
surmalla (adessive singular)
surmilla (adessive plural)
surmalta (ablative singular)
surmilta (ablative plural)
surmalle (allative singular)
surmille (allative plural)
surmana (essive singular)
surmina (essive plural)
surmaksi (singular translative)
surmiksi (plural translative)
surmatta (abessive singular)
surmitta (abessive plural)
surmin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
surmani (nominative singular)
surmani (nominative plural)
surmani (accusative nominative singular)
surmani (accusative nominative plural)
surmani (accusative genitive singular)
surmani (accusative genitive plural)
surmani (genitive singular)
surmieni (genitive plural)
surmaini (genitive plural rare)
surmaani (partitive singular)
surmiani (partitive plural)
surmassani (inessive singular)
surmissani (inessive plural)
surmastani (elative singular)
surmistani (elative plural)
surmaani (illative singular)
surmiini (illative plural)
surmallani (adessive singular)
surmillani (adessive plural)
surmaltani (ablative singular)
surmiltani (ablative plural)
surmalleni (allative singular)
surmilleni (allative plural)
surmanani (essive singular)
surminani (essive plural)
surmakseni (singular translative)
surmikseni (plural translative)
surmattani (abessive singular)
surmittani (abessive plural)
surmineni (comitative plural)
surmasi (nominative singular)
surmasi (nominative plural)
surmasi (accusative nominative singular)
surmasi (accusative nominative plural)
surmasi (accusative genitive singular)
surmasi (accusative genitive plural)
surmasi (genitive singular)
surmiesi (genitive plural)
surmaisi (genitive plural rare)
surmaasi (partitive singular)
surmiasi (partitive plural)
surmassasi (inessive singular)
surmissasi (inessive plural)
surmastasi (elative singular)
surmistasi (elative plural)
surmaasi (illative singular)
surmiisi (illative plural)
surmallasi (adessive singular)
surmillasi (adessive plural)
surmaltasi (ablative singular)
surmiltasi (ablative plural)
surmallesi (allative singular)
surmillesi (allative plural)
surmanasi (essive singular)
surminasi (essive plural)
surmaksesi (singular translative)
surmiksesi (plural translative)
surmattasi (abessive singular)
surmittasi (abessive plural)
surminesi (comitative plural)
surmamme (nominative singular)
surmamme (nominative plural)
surmamme (accusative nominative singular)
surmamme (accusative nominative plural)
surmamme (accusative genitive singular)
surmamme (accusative genitive plural)
surmamme (genitive singular)
surmiemme (genitive plural)
surmaimme (genitive plural rare)
surmaamme (partitive singular)
surmiamme (partitive plural)
surmassamme (inessive singular)
surmissamme (inessive plural)
surmastamme (elative singular)
surmistamme (elative plural)
surmaamme (illative singular)
surmiimme (illative plural)
surmallamme (adessive singular)
surmillamme (adessive plural)
surmaltamme (ablative singular)
surmiltamme (ablative plural)
surmallemme (allative singular)
surmillemme (allative plural)
surmanamme (essive singular)
surminamme (essive plural)
surmaksemme (singular translative)
surmiksemme (plural translative)
surmattamme (abessive singular)
surmittamme (abessive plural)
surminemme (comitative plural)
surmanne (nominative singular)
surmanne (nominative plural)
surmanne (accusative nominative singular)
surmanne (accusative nominative plural)
surmanne (accusative genitive singular)
surmanne (accusative genitive plural)
surmanne (genitive singular)
surmienne (genitive plural)
surmainne (genitive plural rare)
surmaanne (partitive singular)
surmianne (partitive plural)
surmassanne (inessive singular)
surmissanne (inessive plural)
surmastanne (elative singular)
surmistanne (elative plural)
surmaanne (illative singular)
surmiinne (illative plural)
surmallanne (adessive singular)
surmillanne (adessive plural)
surmaltanne (ablative singular)
surmiltanne (ablative plural)
surmallenne (allative singular)
surmillenne (allative plural)
surmananne (essive singular)
surminanne (essive plural)
surmaksenne (singular translative)
surmiksenne (plural translative)
surmattanne (abessive singular)
surmittanne (abessive plural)
surminenne (comitative plural)
surmansa (nominative singular)
surmansa (nominative plural)
surmansa (accusative nominative singular)
surmansa (accusative nominative plural)
surmansa (accusative genitive singular)
surmansa (accusative genitive plural)
surmansa (genitive singular)
surmiensa (genitive plural)
surmainsa (genitive plural rare)
surmaansa (partitive singular)
surmiaan (partitive plural)
surmiansa (partitive plural)
surmassaan (inessive singular)
surmassansa (inessive singular)
surmissaan (inessive plural)
surmissansa (inessive plural)
surmastaan (elative singular)
surmastansa (elative singular)
surmistaan (elative plural)
surmistansa (elative plural)
surmaansa (illative singular)
surmiinsa (illative plural)
surmallaan (adessive singular)
surmallansa (adessive singular)
surmillaan (adessive plural)
surmillansa (adessive plural)
surmaltaan (ablative singular)
surmaltansa (ablative singular)
surmiltaan (ablative plural)
surmiltansa (ablative plural)
surmalleen (allative singular)
surmallensa (allative singular)
surmilleen (allative plural)
surmillensa (allative plural)
surmanaan (essive singular)
surmanansa (essive singular)
surminaan (essive plural)
surminansa (essive plural)
surmakseen (singular translative)
surmaksensa (singular translative)
surmikseen (plural translative)
surmiksensa (plural translative)
surmattaan (abessive singular)
surmattansa (abessive singular)
surmittaan (abessive plural)
surmittansa (abessive plural)
surmineen (comitative plural)
surminensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *surma, from Proto-Uralic *śurma. Equivalent to surra + -ma (although the original meaning of surra is not found in Finnish). Cognates include Estonian surm, Karelian šurma.

(law) killing, voluntary manslaughter under mitigating circumstances


extort

en-verb

extort (third-person singular simple present extorts, present participle extorting, simple past and past participle extorted)

extorts (present singular third-person)
extorting (participle present)
extorted (participle past)
extorted (past)

Borrowed from Latin extortus, past participle of extorquere (“to twist or wrench out, to extort”); from ex (“out”) + -tort, from torqueō (“twist, turn”).

Weirdly, Renton doesn’t look too much older and the same also goes for Sick Boy (Jonny Lee Miller), who has exchanged heroin for cocaine and nowadays runs an escort-and-blackmail business, secretly videoing clients and extorting money, working with his female business partner, Veronika (Anjela Nedyalkova).

2017 January 19, Peter Bradshaw, “T2 Trainspotting review – choose a sequel that doesn't disappoint”, in the Guardian:

(transitive, law) To obtain by means of the offense of extortion.

勒索

to obtain by means of the offense of extortion


floater

From float + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

kelluja

person who physically floats in a gas or liquid

paikanvaihtaja

person without a fixed or lasting affiliation, position, or role

kelluva esine

thing which physically floats in a gas or liquid

leijuri

["]Suppose I should tell you that there's a permanent order in the sheriff's office, left there by the old sheriff, that if I ever use your name or admit I'm your wife I'll get a floater out of the county and out of the state. Does that tempt you?" / "Tempt me to do what?" / "To get me floated and take all the money."

1952 September 19, John Steinbeck, chapter 31, in East of Eden, New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press, →OCLC, book 3, section 1, page 383:

(figurative) A thing which moves from place to place, as if floating.

(US, law) A criminal sentence which is suspended so long as the convicted person leaves an area.


bing

head

bing f (genitive singular bingey, plural bingaghyn)

bingey (genitive singular)
bingaghyn (plural)


ransom

en-noun

ransom (usually uncountable, plural ransoms)

⇒ Cantonese: 參 /参 (sam¹, “hostage”)

From the Middle English ransoun, from the Old French raençon, from stem of Latin redemptio. Entered English ca. the 13th century. Doublet of redemption.

punished with imprisonment and ransom at the King's will

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

(historical, law, UK) A sum paid for the pardon of some great offence and the discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.


procession

en-verb

procession (third-person singular simple present processions, present participle processioning, simple past and past participle processioned)

processions (present singular third-person)
processioning (participle present)
processioned (participle past)
processioned (past)

From Middle English processioun, borrowed from Old French pourciession, from Latin prōcessiō (“a marching forward, an advance, in Late Latin a religious procession”), from prōcēdere, past participle prōcessus (“to move forward, advance, proceed”); see proceed.

der

To procession the lands of such persons as desire it.

1856, Alexander Mansfield Burrill, A Law Dictionary and Glossary, PROCESSIONING:

(transitive, law, US, North Carolina, Tennessee) To ascertain, mark, and establish the boundary lines of (lands).

North Carolina; Tennessee; North Carolina; Tennessee


purview

From Middle English purveu (“proviso”), from Anglo-Norman purveu est (“it is provided”), or purveu que (“provided that”) (statutory language), from Old French porveü (“provided”), past participle of porveoir (“to provide”), from Latin prōvideō (see provide). Influenced by view and its etymological antecedents.


einlassen

de-verb

einlassen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present lässt ein, past tense ließ ein, past participle eingelassen, auxiliary haben)

lässt ein (present singular third-person)
ließ ein (past)
eingelassen (participle past)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
einlassen (infinitive)
einlassend (participle present)
eingelassen (participle past)
einzulassen (infinitive infinitive-zu)
lasse ein (first-person indicative present singular)
lassen ein (first-person indicative plural present)
lasse ein (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lassen ein (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lässt ein (indicative present second-person singular)
lasst ein (indicative plural present second-person)
lassest ein (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lasset ein (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lässt ein (indicative present singular third-person)
lassen ein (indicative plural present third-person)
lasse ein (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
lassen ein (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
ließ ein (first-person indicative preterite singular)
ließen ein (first-person indicative plural preterite)
ließe ein (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließen ein (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließest ein (indicative preterite second-person singular)
ließt ein (indicative preterite second-person singular)
ließt ein (indicative plural preterite second-person)
ließest ein (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließt ein (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließet ein (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließt ein (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
ließ ein (indicative preterite singular third-person)
ließen ein (indicative plural preterite third-person)
ließe ein (singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
ließen ein (plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
lass ein (imperative second-person singular)
lasse ein (imperative second-person singular)
lasst ein (imperative plural second-person)
haben (auxiliary)
einlasse (first-person indicative present singular subordinate-clause)
einlassen (first-person indicative plural present subordinate-clause)
einlasse (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause)
einlassen (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause)
einlässt (indicative present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
einlasst (indicative plural present second-person subordinate-clause)
einlassest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause)
einlasset (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause)
einlässt (indicative present singular subordinate-clause third-person)
einlassen (indicative plural present subordinate-clause third-person)
einlasse (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause third-person)
einlassen (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i subordinate-clause third-person)
einließ (first-person indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause)
einließen (first-person indicative plural preterite subordinate-clause)
einließe (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließen (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließest (indicative preterite second-person singular subordinate-clause)
einließt (indicative preterite second-person singular subordinate-clause)
einließt (indicative plural preterite second-person subordinate-clause)
einließest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließt (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließt (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause)
einließ (indicative preterite singular subordinate-clause third-person)
einließen (indicative plural preterite subordinate-clause third-person)
einließe (singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause third-person)
einließen (plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii subordinate-clause third-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe eingelassen (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben eingelassen (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe eingelassen (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben eingelassen (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest eingelassen (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet eingelassen (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe eingelassen (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben eingelassen (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte eingelassen (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten eingelassen (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte eingelassen (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten eingelassen (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest eingelassen (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet eingelassen (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten eingelassen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte eingelassen (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten eingelassen (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
einlassen werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde einlassen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden einlassen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde einlassen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden einlassen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde einlassen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden einlassen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst einlassen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet einlassen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird einlassen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden einlassen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden einlassen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
eingelassen haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden eingelassen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst eingelassen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet eingelassen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird eingelassen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden eingelassen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden eingelassen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

[ˈʔäe̯nˌläsn̩]

From Middle High German īnlāzen, from Old High German inlāzan. Equivalent to ein- (“in”) + lassen (“to let”).

Der Beschuldigte hat sich eingelassen, das Haus nie betreten zu haben.

The accused has declared never to have entered the house.

(reflexive, formal, law, usually of a defendant) to testify; to declare; to state


strike out

en-verb

strike out (third-person singular simple present strikes out, present participle striking out, simple past struck out, past participle struck out or (somewhat archaic) stricken out)

strikes out (present singular third-person)
striking out (participle present)
struck out (past)
struck out (participle past)
stricken out (archaic participle past)

A Suit filed by respondent Establissment Sima of Vaduz was on the 2nd day of March, 1988 struck out by the Federal High Court. An application under Order 9 rule 6 Federal High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules was argued before that court on 17th day of October, 1988 for relisting the suit. Even though the present appellant as respondent to that motion opposed, the prayer was granted.

1990 December 14, Supreme Court of Nigeria, Nigeria National Supply Co. Ltd v Establissment Sima of Vaduz, number SC 137/1989:

The Government requested that the applications be partly struck out of the list of cases in accordance with Article 37 § 1 (c) of the Convention, challenging the right of the heirs of the four applicants who had died in the course of the proceedings (Mr Hristozov, Mr Petrov, Ms Pencheva and Mr Behar, see paragraph 4 above) to pursue the applications in their stead. In their view, those heirs could not claim to be indirect victims, and did not have a valid interest in obtaining a ruling by the Court, because the alleged breaches of Articles 2, 3 and 8 of the Convention did not affect them, for two reasons. First, the authorities’ refusal to allow the applicants access to the unauthorised medicinal product that they wished to have administered did not affect other individuals, such as their heirs. Secondly, the rights invoked by the applicants were deeply personal in nature. Moreover, it was not the Court’s task to determine in the abstract whether the relevant domestic law provisions were in line with the Convention.

2012 November 13, European Court of Human Rights, Hristozov and others v. Bulgaria, number 47039/11, marginal 68:

In 2016 36,579 applications were declared inadmissible or struck out of the list of cases by a Single Judge, a Committee or a Chamber, a 15% decrease compared with 2015 (43,133). The Single-Judge formation decided 30,998 cases in 2016, a decrease of 15% compared with 2015 (36,308). 3,772 applications were struck out by a Chamber or a Committee, in a decision or a judgment, following a friendly settlement or a unilateral declaration, a decrease of 18% (4,628 in 2015). Friendly settlements (2,005) increased by 21% (1,658 in 2015) and unilateral declarations decreased by 41% (1,767 compared to 2,970 in 2015). The remainder of the applications were declared inadmissible by a Chamber or a Committee or struck out by these formations on other grounds.

2016, European Court of Human Rights, Analysis of statistics 2016, page 4:

(law, figurative) to treat something as settled


malice

en-noun

malice (usually uncountable, plural malices)

From Middle English malice, borrowed from Old French malice, from Latin malitia (“badness, bad quality, ill-will, spite”), from malus (“bad”).

der

The question that would have been before the jury was whether Fox committed “actual malice” in airing the claims. That required Dominion to show whether key decision makers were aware the claims were false or acted with reckless disregard for the truth.

2023 April 18, Sam Levine, Kira Lerner, “Fox and Dominion settle for US$787.5m in defamation lawsuit over election lies”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(law) An intention to do injury to another party, which in many jurisdictions is a distinguishing factor between the crimes of murder and manslaughter.


coroner

From Middle English coroner, from Old French curuner, from Medieval Latin custōs placitōrum corōnae (“guardian of the crown's pleas”). The function was originally to protect royal properties.

(Commonwealth, Ireland, Japan, law) A public official who presides over an inquest into unnatural deaths, and who may have (or historically had) additional powers such as investigating cases of treasure trove.


aktor

pl-noun

aktor m pers (female equivalent aktorka, diminutive aktorzyk, augmentative aktorzyna or aktorzysko)

aktorka (feminine)
aktorzyk (diminutive)
aktorzyna (augmentative)
aktorzysko (augmentative)
aktor (nominative singular)
aktorzy (nominative plural)
aktory (derogatory nominative plural)
aktora (genitive singular)
aktorów (genitive plural)
aktorowi (dative singular)
aktorom (dative plural)
aktora (accusative singular)
aktorów (accusative plural)
aktorem (instrumental singular)
aktorami (instrumental plural)
aktorze (locative singular)
aktorach (locative plural)
aktorze (singular vocative)
aktorzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin āctor. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French acteur. First attested in 1587.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “aktor”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(obsolete, law) actor (one who institutes a legal suit)


court martial

en-noun

court martial (plural (formal) courts martial or (informal) court martials)

courts martial (formal plural)
court martials (informal plural)
court-martial (alternative)
courtmartial (alternative)

A calque of French cour martiale, hence the unusual order of adjective following noun.

(law, military) A court where cases of military law are heard.

(law, military) A trial before such a tribunal.


court martial

en-verb

court martial (third-person singular simple present court martials, present participle (US) court martialing or (UK) court martialling, simple past and past participle (US) court martialed or (UK) court martialled)

court martials (present singular third-person)
court martialing (US participle present)
court martialling (UK participle present)
court martialed (US participle past)
court martialed (US past)
court martialled (UK participle past)
court martialled (UK past)
court-martial (alternative)
courtmartial (alternative)

(law, military) To subject to trial in a military court.


test case

test cases (plural)
testcase (alternative)

Although these decisions imply acceptance of gay and lesbian parenting, most of the second-parent adoption cases have been brought following "test-case" criteria that maximize the likelihood of judicial acceptance. The couples usually have had long-term monogamous relationships; they are economically stable; there is often direct economic benefit to the child of granting the adoption […] Also, in these cases there is no heterosexual parent or family member challenging custody, so the child will be raised in a lesbian or gay home regardless of the judge's decision.

1993 October, Nancy D. Polikoff, “Lesbian And Gay Parenting: What's At Stake?”, in Gay Community News, page 3:

(law) A legal action intended to set a precedent.

proefproces

a legal action intended to set a precedent


test paper

(law) An instrument admitted as a standard or comparison of handwriting in those jurisdictions in which comparison of hands is permitted as a mode of proving handwriting.


näyttö

näyttö (nominative singular)
näytöt (nominative plural)
näyttö (accusative nominative singular)
näytöt (accusative nominative plural)
näytön (accusative genitive singular)
näytöt (accusative genitive plural)
näytön (genitive singular)
näyttöjen (genitive plural)
näyttöä (partitive singular)
näyttöjä (partitive plural)
näytössä (inessive singular)
näytöissä (inessive plural)
näytöstä (elative singular)
näytöistä (elative plural)
näyttöön (illative singular)
näyttöihin (illative plural)
näytöllä (adessive singular)
näytöillä (adessive plural)
näytöltä (ablative singular)
näytöiltä (ablative plural)
näytölle (allative singular)
näytöille (allative plural)
näyttönä (essive singular)
näyttöinä (essive plural)
näytöksi (singular translative)
näytöiksi (plural translative)
näytöttä (abessive singular)
näytöittä (abessive plural)
näytöin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
näyttöni (nominative singular)
näyttöni (nominative plural)
näyttöni (accusative nominative singular)
näyttöni (accusative nominative plural)
näyttöni (accusative genitive singular)
näyttöni (accusative genitive plural)
näyttöni (genitive singular)
näyttöjeni (genitive plural)
näyttöäni (partitive singular)
näyttöjäni (partitive plural)
näytössäni (inessive singular)
näytöissäni (inessive plural)
näytöstäni (elative singular)
näytöistäni (elative plural)
näyttööni (illative singular)
näyttöihini (illative plural)
näytölläni (adessive singular)
näytöilläni (adessive plural)
näytöltäni (ablative singular)
näytöiltäni (ablative plural)
näytölleni (allative singular)
näytöilleni (allative plural)
näyttönäni (essive singular)
näyttöinäni (essive plural)
näytökseni (singular translative)
näytöikseni (plural translative)
näytöttäni (abessive singular)
näytöittäni (abessive plural)
näyttöineni (comitative plural)
näyttösi (nominative singular)
näyttösi (nominative plural)
näyttösi (accusative nominative singular)
näyttösi (accusative nominative plural)
näyttösi (accusative genitive singular)
näyttösi (accusative genitive plural)
näyttösi (genitive singular)
näyttöjesi (genitive plural)
näyttöäsi (partitive singular)
näyttöjäsi (partitive plural)
näytössäsi (inessive singular)
näytöissäsi (inessive plural)
näytöstäsi (elative singular)
näytöistäsi (elative plural)
näyttöösi (illative singular)
näyttöihisi (illative plural)
näytölläsi (adessive singular)
näytöilläsi (adessive plural)
näytöltäsi (ablative singular)
näytöiltäsi (ablative plural)
näytöllesi (allative singular)
näytöillesi (allative plural)
näyttönäsi (essive singular)
näyttöinäsi (essive plural)
näytöksesi (singular translative)
näytöiksesi (plural translative)
näytöttäsi (abessive singular)
näytöittäsi (abessive plural)
näyttöinesi (comitative plural)
näyttömme (nominative singular)
näyttömme (nominative plural)
näyttömme (accusative nominative singular)
näyttömme (accusative nominative plural)
näyttömme (accusative genitive singular)
näyttömme (accusative genitive plural)
näyttömme (genitive singular)
näyttöjemme (genitive plural)
näyttöämme (partitive singular)
näyttöjämme (partitive plural)
näytössämme (inessive singular)
näytöissämme (inessive plural)
näytöstämme (elative singular)
näytöistämme (elative plural)
näyttöömme (illative singular)
näyttöihimme (illative plural)
näytöllämme (adessive singular)
näytöillämme (adessive plural)
näytöltämme (ablative singular)
näytöiltämme (ablative plural)
näytöllemme (allative singular)
näytöillemme (allative plural)
näyttönämme (essive singular)
näyttöinämme (essive plural)
näytöksemme (singular translative)
näytöiksemme (plural translative)
näytöttämme (abessive singular)
näytöittämme (abessive plural)
näyttöinemme (comitative plural)
näyttönne (nominative singular)
näyttönne (nominative plural)
näyttönne (accusative nominative singular)
näyttönne (accusative nominative plural)
näyttönne (accusative genitive singular)
näyttönne (accusative genitive plural)
näyttönne (genitive singular)
näyttöjenne (genitive plural)
näyttöänne (partitive singular)
näyttöjänne (partitive plural)
näytössänne (inessive singular)
näytöissänne (inessive plural)
näytöstänne (elative singular)
näytöistänne (elative plural)
näyttöönne (illative singular)
näyttöihinne (illative plural)
näytöllänne (adessive singular)
näytöillänne (adessive plural)
näytöltänne (ablative singular)
näytöiltänne (ablative plural)
näytöllenne (allative singular)
näytöillenne (allative plural)
näyttönänne (essive singular)
näyttöinänne (essive plural)
näytöksenne (singular translative)
näytöiksenne (plural translative)
näytöttänne (abessive singular)
näytöittänne (abessive plural)
näyttöinenne (comitative plural)
näyttönsä (nominative singular)
näyttönsä (nominative plural)
näyttönsä (accusative nominative singular)
näyttönsä (accusative nominative plural)
näyttönsä (accusative genitive singular)
näyttönsä (accusative genitive plural)
näyttönsä (genitive singular)
näyttöjensä (genitive plural)
näyttöään (partitive singular)
näyttöänsä (partitive singular)
näyttöjään (partitive plural)
näyttöjänsä (partitive plural)
näytössään (inessive singular)
näytössänsä (inessive singular)
näytöissään (inessive plural)
näytöissänsä (inessive plural)
näytöstään (elative singular)
näytöstänsä (elative singular)
näytöistään (elative plural)
näytöistänsä (elative plural)
näyttöönsä (illative singular)
näyttöihinsä (illative plural)
näytöllään (adessive singular)
näytöllänsä (adessive singular)
näytöillään (adessive plural)
näytöillänsä (adessive plural)
näytöltään (ablative singular)
näytöltänsä (ablative singular)
näytöiltään (ablative plural)
näytöiltänsä (ablative plural)
näytölleen (allative singular)
näytöllensä (allative singular)
näytöilleen (allative plural)
näytöillensä (allative plural)
näyttönään (essive singular)
näyttönänsä (essive singular)
näyttöinään (essive plural)
näyttöinänsä (essive plural)
näytökseen (singular translative)
näytöksensä (singular translative)
näytöikseen (plural translative)
näytöiksensä (plural translative)
näytöttään (abessive singular)
näytöttänsä (abessive singular)
näytöittään (abessive plural)
näytöittänsä (abessive plural)
näyttöineen (comitative plural)
näyttöinensä (comitative plural)

[ˈnæy̯t̪ːø̞]

(law) evidence (anything admitted by a court to prove or disprove alleged matters of fact in a trial collectively) [with elative ‘for, in support of’]


textualism

en-noun

textualism (countable and uncountable, plural textualisms)

And this is the upshot of textualism: textualists do not want judges to make the law. This, at least, is the official doctrine, and it sounds very democratic.

2007, Andrei Marmor, Law in the Age of Pluralism, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 198:

The Supreme Court’s conservative majority is generally committed to textualism, a judicial approach that focuses on the words of the law as written rather than its larger purpose or the intentions of its drafters. In a 2015 appearance at Harvard Law School, Justice Kagan said that textualism had triumphed across the ideological spectrum. “We’re all textualists now,” she said then.

2022 June 30, Adam Liptak, “Supreme Court Limits E.P.A.’s Ability to Restrict Power Plant Emissions”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(law) A formalist legal theory that interprets based on the ordinary meaning of the legal text.


recto

verso

antonym(s) of “front side of a flat object”

reverso

antonym(s) of “right-hand page of a book”

Borrowed from Latin rēctō foliō (“on the right leaf, on the right page”), the ablative case of the Latin rēctus (“right”). Compare versus (“turned”).


dep

dep (countable and uncountable, plural deps)

deps (plural)
dep. (alternative)
dép (alternative)
dép. (alternative)

*Abbreviation of several English terms that begin with "dep"
*Clipping of several English terms that begin with "dep"

clipping

Don't worry too much if they don’t give us everything we need in their rog answers; we'll fill the gaps in dep.


Strafrecht

de-noun

Strafrecht n (strong, genitive Strafrechtes or Strafrechts, plural Strafrechte)

Strafrechtes (genitive)
Strafrechts (genitive)
Strafrechte (plural)
Strafrecht (nominative singular)
Strafrechte (definite nominative plural)
Strafrechtes (genitive singular)
Strafrechts (genitive singular)
Strafrechte (definite genitive plural)
Strafrecht (dative singular)
Strafrechte (dative singular)
Strafrechten (dative definite plural)
Strafrecht (accusative singular)
Strafrechte (accusative definite plural)