adultizar

pt-verb

adultizar (first-person singular present adultizo, first-person singular preterite adultizei, past participle adultizado)

adultizo (first-person present singular)
adultizei (first-person preterite singular)
adultizado (participle past)
adultizar (impersonal infinitive)
adultizar (first-person infinitive singular)
adultizares (infinitive second-person singular)
adultizar (infinitive singular third-person)
adultizarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
adultizardes (infinitive plural second-person)
adultizarem (infinitive plural third-person)
adultizando (gerund)
adultizado (masculine participle past singular)
adultizados (masculine participle past plural)
adultizada (feminine participle past singular)
adultizadas (feminine participle past plural)
adultizo (first-person indicative present singular)
adultizas (indicative present second-person singular)
adultiza (indicative present singular third-person)
adultizamos (first-person indicative plural present)
adultizais (indicative plural present second-person)
adultizam (indicative plural present third-person)
adultizava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
adultizavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
adultizava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
adultizávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
adultizáveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
adultizavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
adultizei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
adultizaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
adultizou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
adultizamos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
adultizámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
adultizastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
adultizaram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
adultizara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
adultizaras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
adultizara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
adultizáramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
adultizáreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
adultizaram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
adultizarei (first-person future indicative singular)
adultizarás (future indicative second-person singular)
adultizará (future indicative singular third-person)
adultizaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
adultizareis (future indicative plural second-person)
adultizarão (future indicative plural third-person)
adultizaria (conditional first-person singular)
adultizarias (conditional second-person singular)
adultizaria (conditional singular third-person)
adultizaríamos (conditional first-person plural)
adultizaríeis (conditional plural second-person)
adultizariam (conditional plural third-person)
adultize (first-person present singular subjunctive)
adultizes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
adultize (present singular subjunctive third-person)
adultizemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
adultizeis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
adultizem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
adultizasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
adultizasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
adultizasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
adultizássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
adultizásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
adultizassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
adultizar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
adultizares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
adultizar (future singular subjunctive third-person)
adultizarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
adultizardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
adultizarem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
adultiza (imperative second-person singular)
adultize (imperative singular third-person)
adultizemos (first-person imperative plural)
adultizai (imperative plural second-person)
adultizem (imperative plural third-person)
não adultizes (imperative negative second-person singular)
não adultize (imperative negative singular third-person)
não adultizemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não adultizeis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não adultizem (imperative negative plural third-person)

(transitive, sociology, psychology) to adultize (to raise a child such that he adopts adult behaviours earlier)


alcoologia

(sociology) alcohology (study of the effects of alcohol)


armadilha do desemprego

(sociology) welfare trap; unemployment trap (situation where someone stays in welfare because the benefits of a low-paying job are lower)


macroaggression

en-noun

macroaggression (countable and uncountable, plural macroaggressions)

People of color, particularly African-American men, have been caught up in a twister of macroaggressions and micro ones. No amount of ignoring can alleviate it; no amount of achieving can ameliorate it.

2015 January 5, Charles M. Blow, “Privilege of ‘Arrest Without Incident’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

They meet microaggression with macroaggression, bullying kids and adults who, say, refer to the transgender reality star Caitlyn Jenner as anything less than “stunning and brave.”

2015 December 8, James Poniewozik, “How ‘South Park’ Perfectly Captures Our Era of Outrage”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

These are juxtaposed with brutal news footage and Isis YouTube propaganda. Here are the alienations and macroaggressions of the contemporary world.

2018 May 11, Peter Bradshaw, “The Image Book review – Godard's eyeball-frazzling video essay bewilders and delights”, in The Guardian:

(sociology) Large-scale or overt aggression toward those of a certain race, culture, gender, etc.; contrasted with microaggression.


industrialização

pt-noun

industrialização f (plural industrializações)

(sociology, economics) industrialization (social and economic change associated with the adoption of manufacturing industries)


collective memory

en-noun

collective memory (plural collective memories)

Coordinate term: institutional memory

Is it important, or even possible, for people to remember the events of Sept. 11 as they happened? Or is it more important for a society to concentrate on collective memory?

2001 October 27, Sarah Boxer, “A Memorial Is Itself A Shaper Of Memory”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

At the same time it vividly evokes the almost preposterous horror of war itself, which Mr. [Walid] Raad experiences both first hand and from a distance, and has evoked as semifictional collective memory.

2006 March 5, Holland Cotter, “The Collective Conscious”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The shift in the collective memory is also taking place in local schools, where some teachers still refuse to teach lessons on 1921.

2020 February 11, Russell Cobb, “Shifting Collective Memory in Tulsa”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(sociology) A shared pool of information held in the memories of multiple members of a group.


metroethnicity

metroethnicity (countable and uncountable, plural metroethnicities)

From metro- + ethnicity, coined by John C. Maher.

(sociology) A hybrid ethnicity associated with a modern multicultural urban lifestyle.


alternância de código

pt-noun

alternância de código f (plural alternâncias de código)

(sociolinguistics) code-switching (alternation between languages in a conversation)


islamização

(sociology) Islamization (the conversion of a society to Islam)


socialização

(sociology, psychology) socialization (the process of learning one’s culture)


wyścig szczurów

wyścig szczurów (nominative singular)
wyścigi szczurów (nominative plural)
wyścigu szczurów (genitive singular)
wyścigów szczurów (genitive plural)
wyścigowi szczurów (dative singular)
wyścigom szczurów (dative plural)
wyścig szczurów (accusative singular)
wyścigi szczurów (accusative plural)
wyścigiem szczurów (instrumental singular)
wyścigami szczurów (instrumental plural)
wyścigu szczurów (locative singular)
wyścigach szczurów (locative plural)
wyścigu szczurów (singular vocative)
wyścigi szczurów (plural vocative)

(derogatory, idiomatic, sociology) rat race (activity which is hectic, tedious, and congested with participants)


sociography

en-noun

sociography (countable and uncountable, plural sociographies)

(sociology) The branch of sociology that concentrates on the descriptive analysis of social phenomena.

sociographie

the branch of sociology that concentrates on the descriptive analysis of social phenomena


Appaduraian

en-adj

Appaduraian (comparative more Appaduraian, superlative most Appaduraian)

more Appaduraian (comparative)
most Appaduraian (superlative)

(sociology) Of or relating to Arjun Appadurai (born 1949), social-cultural anthropologist known for his work on globalization.


imagology

en-noun

imagology (countable and uncountable, plural imagologies)

Applied to American Studies, imagology—the term derives from Latin “imago”/image—asks not how Americans themselves see America, but how other cultures view the United States. In other words, what is the image of the United States as seen in literatures from outside the United States?

2016, Reingard M. Nischik, “On Imagology, Canadian-US Relations, and Popular Culture: National Images and Border Crossings in Margaret Atwood’s Works”, in Comparative North American Studies, page 93:

(social sciences) The study of cultural stereotypes as presented in literature etc.


divortiality

Comparing the southern and the nordic countries he found that Spain, Italy, Portugal and Greece were low in fertility, divortiality, cohabitation and births out of marriage, while in Denmark and Sweden fertility was relatively high, divortiality and cohabitation were high and births out of marriage strong or medium.

1998, Koen Matthijs, The Family: Contemporary Perspectives and Challenges, →ISBN, page 52:

(sociology) The likelihood, in a specific population, that marriages end in divorce.


antinaturalism

Nature's waters are subverted to turn against its guests, complementing a xenofeminist commitment to an anti-naturalism that also entails dismantling nuclear domestic spaces.

2020, Jennifer Cooke, “Feminist Manuals and Manifestos in the Twenty-first Century”, in Jennifer Cooke, editor, The New Feminist Literary Studies, page 196:

(sociology) The view that the natural world and the social world are different, related to antipositivism.

antynaturalizm

the view that the natural world and the social world are different


antimyth

On a deeper level, Stivers believes, there is "an underlying commonality" to myth and ritual of traditional societies and the antimyth of modern, technological society.

1996, John R. Maier, Desert Songs, page 86:

Indeed, one way of reading this is not as a myth, but as an antimyth, intended to limit further mythic development.

2004, Howard Schwartz, Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism:

(sociology) A belief or system that opposes a myth or myths.

antimito

a belief or system that opposes a myth or myths


antinaturalistic

en-adj

antinaturalistic (comparative more antinaturalistic, superlative most antinaturalistic)

more antinaturalistic (comparative)
most antinaturalistic (superlative)

(philosophy, sociology) Of or relating to antinaturalism; opposing naturalism.


transformationalism

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transformationalism.wav

"That's why you need Transformationalism," he said. "Your mind has to evolve to match this permanent situation of permanent change. You've got to get rid of that instantaneous personality that was frozen in a previous cultural matrix that no longer exists...."

1980, Norman Spinrad, The Mind Game, page 64:

According to Mezirow (2000), transformationalism helps adults make sense of their environment so they can act upon it. This is a complex process in which the personalities of the teachers and learners interact with the educational setting and the political environment. Learners examine themselves and the beliefs they bring to the learning experience.

2007, Edith Valladares McElroy, The Effects of the College Student Success Course on the Retention and Academic Performance of English as a Second Language Students Enrolled in Developmental Reading and English at Central Piedmont Community College, →ISBN, page 5:

For me, this is part of transformationalism. A transformationalist does not just favour change: they foment it.

2010, Anne Boran, Poverty: Malaise of Development, →ISBN, page 57:

At the next level, we must practice transformationalism, which goes hand in hand with unlearning.

2012, Kurt April, Nick D Milton, Performance Through Learning, →ISBN, page v:

(sociology, education) A sociological and educational theory that focuses on the process of learned concepts and skills to reframe and transform unthinking culturally-generated assumptions and cognitive categories.


minority language

en-noun

minority language (plural minority languages)

(sociolinguistics) A language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory.


factual relativism

factual relativism ... attempts to argue that the world itself, or the “facts,” are different for different individuals (groups, cultures). Hence truth, too, is relative.

2013, Henrik Rydenfelt, Constructivist Problems, Realist Solutions, in J. Kegley and K. Skowronski, eds. Persuasion and Compulsion in Democracy. Lanham: Lexington Books, p. 164

Factual relativism, according to which the facts ... may differ across perspectives — that is, different facts obtain relative to different perspectives.

2005, Iris Einheuser, “Varieties of Relativism: Indexical, Propositional and Factual”, in Varieties of Relativism: Indexical, Propositional and Factual:

Whereas moral relativism deals with matters of value, cognitive relativism deals with matters of fact (although sharp distinctions may at times be difficult to make) (Hollis and Lukes 1982, p. 2).

2001, Jean Bricmont, Alan Sokal, “Chapter 3: Science and Sociology of Science: Beyond War and Peace”, in Jay A. Labinger, Harry M. Collins, editors, One Culture?: A Conversation about Science, page 38:

(philosophy, sociology) The claim that the world itself, or the facts about the world, are different for different individuals, or groups, or cultures.


集體回憶

ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄧˇ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄧˋ

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡saːp̚² tʰɐi̯³⁵ wuːi̯²¹ jɪk̚⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡saːp̚² tʰɐi̯³⁵ wuːi̯²¹ jɪk̚⁵/


集體記憶

ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄧˇ ㄐㄧˋ ㄧˋ

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/


digital native

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-digital native.wav

Coined by education consultant Marc Prensky in 2001.

coin

This may potentially have a negative impact on the ultimate utility of this feedback method with present-day students who perceive themselves as ‘digital natives’.

2017, Di Zou, James Lambert, “Feedback methods for student voice in the digital age”, in British Journal of Educational Technology, volume 48, number 5, page 1085:

(technology, sociology) A person who has grown up in an environment replete with digital interactions and ways of communicating, thought to increase difficulty with traditional nondigital teaching methods, work practices, etc.


kuşak

head

kuşak (definite accusative kuşağı, plural kuşaklar)

kuşağı (accusative definite)
kuşaklar (plural)
kuşak (nominative singular)
kuşaklar (nominative plural)
kuşağı (accusative definite singular)
kuşakları (accusative definite plural)
kuşağa (dative singular)
kuşaklara (dative plural)
kuşakta (locative singular)
kuşaklarda (locative plural)
kuşaktan (ablative singular)
kuşaklardan (ablative plural)
kuşağın (genitive singular)
kuşakların (genitive plural)
kuşağım (first-person nominative singular)
kuşaklarım (first-person nominative singular)
kuşağın (nominative second-person singular)
kuşakların (nominative second-person singular)
kuşağı (nominative singular third-person)
kuşakları (nominative singular third-person)
kuşağımız (first-person nominative plural)
kuşaklarımız (first-person nominative plural)
kuşağınız (nominative plural second-person)
kuşaklarınız (nominative plural second-person)
kuşakları (nominative plural third-person)
kuşağımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
kuşaklarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
kuşağını (accusative definite second-person singular)
kuşaklarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
kuşağını (accusative definite singular third-person)
kuşaklarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
kuşağımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
kuşaklarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
kuşağınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
kuşaklarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
kuşaklarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
kuşağıma (dative first-person singular)
kuşaklarıma (dative first-person singular)
kuşağına (dative second-person singular)
kuşaklarına (dative second-person singular)
kuşağına (dative singular third-person)
kuşaklarına (dative singular third-person)
kuşağımıza (dative first-person plural)
kuşaklarımıza (dative first-person plural)
kuşağınıza (dative plural second-person)
kuşaklarınıza (dative plural second-person)
kuşaklarına (dative plural third-person)
kuşağımda (first-person locative singular)
kuşaklarımda (first-person locative singular)
kuşağında (locative second-person singular)
kuşaklarında (locative second-person singular)
kuşağında (locative singular third-person)
kuşaklarında (locative singular third-person)
kuşağımızda (first-person locative plural)
kuşaklarımızda (first-person locative plural)
kuşağınızda (locative plural second-person)
kuşaklarınızda (locative plural second-person)
kuşaklarında (locative plural third-person)
kuşağımdan (ablative first-person singular)
kuşaklarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
kuşağından (ablative second-person singular)
kuşaklarından (ablative second-person singular)
kuşağından (ablative singular third-person)
kuşaklarından (ablative singular third-person)
kuşağımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
kuşaklarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
kuşağınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
kuşaklarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
kuşaklarından (ablative plural third-person)
kuşağımın (first-person genitive singular)
kuşaklarımın (first-person genitive singular)
kuşağının (genitive second-person singular)
kuşaklarının (genitive second-person singular)
kuşağının (genitive singular third-person)
kuşaklarının (genitive singular third-person)
kuşağımızın (first-person genitive plural)
kuşaklarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
kuşağınızın (genitive plural second-person)
kuşaklarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
kuşaklarının (genitive plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish قوشاق, from Ottoman Turkish قوشامق (kuşamak). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kur.

2022 June 14, Ateş İlyas Başsoy, “Ergen muhalefeti”, BirGün website:
Belki de hepimiz ergeniz, hepimiz Z Kuşağı’yız.
Maybe we’re all adolescents, we’re all Generation Z.


suicidologia

(psychology, sociology) suicidology (the study of suicide)


sociometer

(psychology, sociology) A theoretical gauge of interpersonal relationships, typically realised as self-esteem.


interdiscursive

en-adj

interdiscursive (comparative more interdiscursive, superlative most interdiscursive)

more interdiscursive (comparative)
most interdiscursive (superlative)


walkalong

The method of walkalongs, first described by Margarethe Kusenbach (2003), combines interview and observation.

2014, Garth Lean, Russell Staff, editors, Stories of Cosmopolitan Belonging: Emotion and Location, →ISBN:

This chapter draws on our ethnographic analysis of the diaries, walkalongs and followup conversations with Janet, who had recently resigned from a managerial position to look after her first child.

2016, Garth Lean, Emma Watson, “Travel and Imagination: An Invitation”, in Garth Lean, Russell Staff, editors, Travel and Imagination, →ISBN:

(sociology) A type of interview in which the interviewer and subject walk together while talking.


респондент

ru-noun+

респонде́нтка

респонде́нт • (respondént) m anim (genitive респонде́нта, nominative plural респонде́нты, genitive plural респонде́нтов, feminine респонде́нтка)

респонде́нт (canonical)
respondént (romanization)
респонде́нта (genitive)
респонде́нты (nominative plural)
респонде́нтов (genitive plural)
респонде́нтка (feminine)
респонде́нт (nominative singular)
респонде́нты (nominative plural)
респонде́нта (genitive singular)
респонде́нтов (genitive plural)
респонде́нту (dative singular)
респонде́нтам (dative plural)
респонде́нта (accusative singular)
респонде́нтов (accusative plural)
респонде́нтом (instrumental singular)
респонде́нтами (instrumental plural)
респонде́нте (prepositional singular)
респонде́нтах (plural prepositional)

Ru-респондент.ogg

Borrowed from English respondent, from to respond, ultimately from Latin respondēre.


ruling class

From ruling + class. First use appears c. 1653.

One thing that has always shown that the English ruling class are morally fairly sound, is that in time of war they are ready enough to get themselves killed... What is to be expected of them is not treachery or physical cowardice, but stupidity, unconscious sabotage, an infallible instinct for doing the wrong thing. They are not wicked, or not altogether wicked; they are merely unteachable... Few if any of these people are consciously treacherous, some of them are not even fools, but as a class they are quite incapable of leading us to victory... Inevitably, because of their position and upbringing, the ruling class are fighting for their own privileges, which cannot possibly be reconciled with the public interest.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. I & II:

The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force.

1947, Anonymous translation of Karl Marx & al. as "Feuerbach" in The German Ideology, International Publishers Co., §I.B

...until our own time America's upper crust was a mixture of people who had gained prominence in a variety of ways, who drew their money and status from different sources and were not predictably of one mind on any given matter. The Boston Brahmins, the New York financiers, the land barons of California, Texas, and Florida, the industrialists of Pittsburgh, the Southern aristocracy, and the hardscrabble politicians who made it big in Chicago or Memphis had little contact with one another... All that has changed. Today's ruling class, from Boston to San Diego, was formed by an educational system that exposed them to the same ideas and gave them remarkably uniform guidance, as well as tastes and habits... whether formally in government, out of it, or halfway, America's ruling class speaks the language and has the tastes, habits, and tools of bureaucrats.

2010 July 16, Angelo Codevilla, "America's Ruling Class", The Spectator

For our ruling class, identity always trumps. Much less does membership... depend on high academic achievement. To see something closer to an academic meritocracy consider France, where elected officials have little power, a vast bureaucracy explicitly controls details from how babies are raised to how to make cheese, and people get into and advance in that bureaucracy strictly by competitive exams... for good or ill, France's ruling class are bright people—certifiably. Not ours... while getting into the Ecole Nationale d'Administration or the Ecole Polytechnique... requires outperfoming others in blindly graded exams, and graduating from such places requires passing exams that many fail, getting into America's "top schools" is less a matter of passing exams than of showing up with acceptable grades and an attractive social profile.

We once had a coherent ruling class, the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs), who more or less owned and ran the United States from its founding through the 1970s.

2021 Apr., Doug Henwood, "Take Me to Your Leader: The Rot of the American Ruling Class", Jacobin

The C.C.P. is colossal, highly hierarchical and regimented. From its inception in 1921 with only 12 members, it has expanded to over 90 million, averaging almost 20 percent growth a year for 100 years... The C.C.P., like any of the more effective ancient Chinese ruling classes, diligently reads historical events for lessons. That has helped it navigate crises and, often, emerge stronger.

2021 July 1, Lian Yizheng, "The Chinese Communist Party Is 100. It's Not Going Anywhere.", New York Times

(sociology, politics) The social class of a given society that controls that society's political agenda, whether as a formal aristocracy or a party leadership or as an informal unit within democracies.


racenicity

Blend of race + ethnicity, coined by Pepi Leistyna in a paper published in 1999.

(sociology, rare, neologism) A social construct combining race and ethnicity.


chumship

en-noun

chumship (countable and uncountable, plural chumships)

(social sciences) preadolescent friendship between two people of the same sex


alternativismo

pt-noun

alternativismo m (plural alternativismos)

(sociology) alternativism (rejection of social normality)


anarcoprimitivismo

(sociology) anarchoprimitivism (philosophy advocating return to a hunter-gatherer society)


androcracia

(sociology) androcracy (rule or government by men)


poststratification

en-noun

poststratification (countable and uncountable, plural poststratifications)

(sociology) Stratification performed after another process.


antimulticultural

en-adj

antimulticultural (comparative more antimulticultural, superlative most antimulticultural)

more antimulticultural (comparative)
most antimulticultural (superlative)


antimulticultural

pt-adj

antimulticultural m or f (plural antimulticulturais)

(sociology) antimulticultural (opposing multiculturalism)


anglicização

(sociology) anglicisation (the process of making English)


anglocentrismo

pt-noun

anglocentrismo m (plural anglocentrismos)

(sociology) Anglocentrism (the practice of viewing the world from an English or Anglo-American perspective)


anti-igualitarismo

(sociology) antiegalitarianism (opposition to egalitarianism)


anti-igualitário

pt-adj

anti-igualitário (feminine anti-igualitária, masculine plural anti-igualitários, feminine plural anti-igualitárias)

anti-igualitária (feminine)
anti-igualitários (masculine plural)
anti-igualitárias (feminine plural)

(sociology) antiegalitarian (opposing egalitarianism)


anti-igualitário

pt-noun

anti-igualitário m (plural anti-igualitários)

(sociology) antiegalitarian (one who opposes egalitarianism)


antiassimilacionista

pt-adj

antiassimilacionista m or f (plural antiassimilacionistas)

(sociology) antiassimilationist (opposing assimilationism)


antiburguês

antiburguês (feminine antiburguesa, masculine plural antiburgueses, feminine plural antiburguesas)

antiburguesa (feminine)
antiburgueses (masculine plural)
antiburguesas (feminine plural)

[ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃi.buʁˈɡe(ɪ̯)ʃ]

[ˌɐ̃.ti.βuɾˈɣeʃ]

(sociology) antibourgeois (opposed to the bourgeoisie)


anticastas

/ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃiˈkaʃ.tɐʃ/

(sociology) anticaste (opposing the social system of caste)


anticlasse

(sociology) anticlass (opposed to a class system in society)


anticlassismo

(sociology) anticlassism (opposition to classism)


anticomercialismo

(sociology) anticommercialism (an ideology that opposes commercialism)


anticomunidade

(sociology) anticommunity (a community that defies the rules that usually govern communities)


anticrioulo

anticrioulo (feminine anticrioula, masculine plural anticrioulos, feminine plural anticrioulas)

anticrioula (feminine)
anticrioulos (masculine plural)
anticrioulas (feminine plural)

(sociolinguistics) anticreole (opposing the use of a creole)


anticultura

(sociology) anticulture (a culture set up in opposition to another culture)


antidiscursivo

antidiscursivo (feminine antidiscursiva, masculine plural antidiscursivos, feminine plural antidiscursivas)

antidiscursiva (feminine)
antidiscursivos (masculine plural)
antidiscursivas (feminine plural)

(social sciences) antidiscursive (opposing an institutionalized way of thinking)


antielitismo

(sociology) antielitism (opposition to elitism)


antielitista

antielitista m or f (plural antielitistas)

(sociology) antielitist (opposed to elitism)


antielitista

pt-noun

antielitista m or f by sense (plural antielitistas)

(sociology) antielitist (one who opposes elitism)


antiescravatura

(sociology) antislavery (opposed to the practice of slavery)


antiescravista

pt-adj

antiescravista m or f (plural antiescravistas)

[ɐ̃.tjɛʃ.kɾɐˈβiʃ.tɐ]


antiescravista

pt-noun

antiescravista m or f by sense (plural antiescravistas)

[ɐ̃.tjɛʃ.kɾɐˈβiʃ.tɐ]

(sociology) antislaver (one who opposes slavery)


antiestabelecimento

(sociology) antiestablishment (opposed to the political or cultural establishment)


antiestigma

(sociology) antistigma (opposing or countering a social stigma)


antiestrutura

(sociology) antistructure (a sociocultural structure that intentionally counteracts the mainstream)


antiestrutural

pt-adj

antiestrutural m or f (plural antiestruturais)

(sociology) antistructural (of or relating to antistructure)


antiestruturalismo

(sociology) antistructuralism (opposition to structuralism)


antiestruturalista

antiestruturalista m or f (plural antiestruturalistas)

(sociology) antistructural (of or relating to antistructuralism)


antiestruturalista

pt-noun

antiestruturalista m or f by sense (plural antiestruturalistas)

(sociology) antistructuralist (one who opposes structuralism)


antifamília

(sociology) antifamily (opposed to the traditional social construct of the family)


antigueto

(sociology) antighetto (opposing or countering ghettos)


antilíngua

/ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃiˈlĩ.ɡwɐ/

/ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃiˈlĩ.ɡwɐ/

(sociolinguistics) antilanguage (a language used by a social group to prevent outsiders from understanding what is being said)


antimaterialismo

antimaterialismo m (plural antimaterialismos)

(sociology) antimaterialism (opposition to economical materialism or consumerism)


antimessiânico

pt-adj

antimessiânico (feminine antimessiânica, masculine plural antimessiânicos, feminine plural antimessiânicas)

antimessiânica (feminine)
antimessiânicos (masculine plural)
antimessiânicas (feminine plural)

(sociology) antimessianic (opposing a messiah)


antimito

(sociology) antimyth (a belief or system that opposes a myth or myths)


antinatalismo

(philosophy, sociology) antinatalism (opposition to the increase in human population)


antinatalista

pt-noun

antinatalista m or f by sense (plural antinatalistas)

(philosophy, sociology) antinatalist (a supporter of antinatalism)


antinaturalismo

(sociology) antinaturalism (the view that the natural world and the social world are different)


antinaturalista

pt-adj

antinaturalista m or f (plural antinaturalistas)

(philosophy, sociology) antinaturalist (opposing or rejecting naturalism)


antinaturalista

pt-noun

antinaturalista m or f by sense (plural antinaturalistas)

(philosophy, sociology) antinaturalist (one who opposes or rejects naturalism)


antipatriarcal

pt-adj

antipatriarcal m or f (plural antipatriarcais)

(sociology) antipatriarchal (opposing the patriarchy)


antipatriarcal

es-adj

antipatriarcal m or f (masculine and feminine plural antipatriarcales)

antipatriarcales (feminine masculine plural)

Además de estudiar a Beauvoir, manifestarse como las anticapitalistas y antipatriarcales que son y hacer activismo en redes, llevan a cabo acciones como pintar un coño sobre un anuncio de Massimo Dutti o hacer vídeos críticos.

2015 September 22, “Operación Scum, o cuando todo se ve violeta”, in El País:


antipluralista

pt-adj

antipluralista m or f (plural antipluralistas)

(sociology) antipluralist (opposing pluralism)


antipluralista

pt-noun

antipluralista m or f by sense (plural antipluralistas)

(sociology) antipluralist (one who opposes pluralism)


antipositivismo

(social sciences) antipositivism (the view that the social realm may not be subject to the same methods of investigation as the natural world)


antipositivista

pt-adj

antipositivista m or f (plural antipositivistas)

(social sciences) antipositivist (relating to antipositivism)


antipositivista

pt-noun

antipositivista m or f by sense (plural antipositivistas)

(social sciences) antipositivist (an advocate of antipositivism)


antipositivista

es-adj

antipositivista m or f (masculine and feminine plural antipositivistas)

antipositivistas (feminine masculine plural)


antiprisão

/ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃi.pɾiˈzɐ̃w̃/

[ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃi.pɾiˈzɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

(sociology) antiprison (opposing prisons)


antirracismo

(sociology) antiracism (opposition to racism)


antirracista

pt-adj

antirracista m or f (plural antirracistas)

(sociology) antiracist (opposed to racism)


antirracista

pt-noun

antirracista m or f by sense (plural antirracistas)

(sociology) antiracist (one who opposes racism)


antirracista

es-adj

antirracista m or f (masculine and feminine plural antirracistas)

antirracistas (feminine masculine plural)


antirrural

[ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃi.huˈɾaʊ̯]

[ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃi.huˈɾaʊ̯]

[ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃi.χuˈɾaʊ̯]

(sociology) antirural (biased against rural areas or people)


antissecular

pt-adj

antissecular m or f (plural antisseculares)

(sociology, religion) antisecular (opposing what is secular)


antissocialidade

(sociology, psychology) antisociality (the quality of being antisocial)


antissociedade

pt-noun

antissociedade f (plural antissociedades)

(sociology) antisociety (underground or marginalised social group)


antitortura

(sociology) antitorture (acting against or opposing torture)


antitradicional

pt-adj

antitradicional m or f (plural antitradicionais)

(sociology) antitraditional (opposed to what is traditional)


antitradicionalismo

(sociology) antitraditionalism (opposition to traditionalism)


antitradicionalista

pt-noun

antitradicionalista m or f by sense (plural antitradicionalistas)

(sociology) antitraditionalist (an opponent of traditionalism)


antiurbano

pt-adj

antiurbano (feminine antiurbana, masculine plural antiurbanos, feminine plural antiurbanas)

antiurbana (feminine)
antiurbanos (masculine plural)
antiurbanas (feminine plural)

(sociology) antiurban (showing a negative view of cities or city life)


antiviolência

(law enforcement, sociology) antiviolence (acting against or opposing violence)


antiétnico

antiétnico (feminine antiétnica, masculine plural antiétnicos, feminine plural antiétnicas)

antiétnica (feminine)
antiétnicos (masculine plural)
antiétnicas (feminine plural)

(sociology) antiethnic (opposing those of a particular ethnicity)


anómico

anómico (feminine anómica, masculine plural anómicos, feminine plural anómicas, not comparable)

anómica (feminine)
anómicos (masculine plural)
anómicas (feminine plural)

(sociology) anomic (socially disorganised, disoriented or alienated)


anómico

es-adj

anómico (feminine anómica, masculine plural anómicos, feminine plural anómicas)


assimilacionismo

pt-noun

assimilacionismo m (plural assimilacionismos)

(sociology) assimilationism (the policy or practice of the assimilation into a mainstream culture)


assimilacionista

assimilacionista m or f by sense (plural assimilacionistas)

(sociology) assimilationist (an advocate of the assimilation into a mainstream culture)


safe space

Lesbians at this conference often referred to the search for the sacred "safe space" where we are all the same. This is an avoidance of confrontation in our communities, in society. Separation is a retreat which only a privileged few can enjoy. Real safety will come by uniting with all our allies to defeat the right wing, capitalism and the patriarchy.

1983 December 24, Nancy Reiko, Midge Ward, Nellie Wong, Merle Woo, Emily Woo Yamasaki, “Lesbians Of Color”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 23, page 4:

This confirms the claim that the internet is not an entirely safe space, and while blogs offer LGBTQs the opportunity to express their views freely and anonymously, they grant this possibility to haters and homophobes, too […]

2016, Alexander Dhoest, Lukasz Szulc, Bart Eeckhout, LGBTQs, Media and Culture in Europe, page 166:

Ideally, these safe spaces would also be environments in which students would find support, develop coping skills, and hone effective techniques for communicating with one another in a way that honors tolerance, avoids stereotypes, and cuts down on hate on campuses.

2017, John Palfrey, Safe Spaces, Brave Spaces: Diversity and Free Expression in Education, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 21:

Even Fox News, once Trump’s safe space, the TV network where he would often just call in for a chat, seems to have officially moved on.

2022 November 10, Adam Gabbatt, “Has ‘Trumpty Dumpty’ taken a great fall from Rupert Murdoch’s grace?”, in The Guardian:

The plot picks up where the last film left off. The High Table, the organisation that controls crime around the world, has a multi-million-dollar contract out on Wick, who killed a High Table member. In more familiar Mafia terms, it's as if he murdered a made man. And he violated another rule by doing it on the grounds of a Continental hotel, the supposed safe spaces for assassins around the world.

2023 March 14, Caryn James, “John Wick: Chapter 4: 'Soars above most action films'”, in BBC:

(sociology) A place or domain serving as a tolerant environment for people (especially a marginalized group) where they do not face harassment, criticism, scrutiny, etc.; especially one in which participants are understood to share a given political or social viewpoint.


socioleto

(sociolinguistics) sociolect (a language variant used by a particular social group)


方言學

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² hak̚⁴/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² hak̚⁴/


方言学

ja-noun

方(ほう)言(げん)学(がく) • (hōgengaku) ^(←はうげんがく (faugengaku)?)

方言学 (canonical)
hōgengaku (romanization)
faugengaku (romanization)
はうげんがく (hiragana historical)

[ho̞ːɡẽ̞ŋɡa̠kɯ̟]

方言 (hōgen, “dialect”) + 学 (-gaku, “-graphy; -logy”)


arnoldiano

pt-adj

arnoldiano (feminine arnoldiana, masculine plural arnoldianos, feminine plural arnoldianas)

arnoldiana (feminine)
arnoldianos (masculine plural)
arnoldianas (feminine plural)

(sociology) Arnoldian (relating to Matthew Arnold and his works)


proletário

proletário (feminine proletária, masculine plural proletários, feminine plural proletárias)

proletária (feminine)
proletários (masculine plural)
proletárias (feminine plural)

(sociology) proletarian (relating to proletariat)


proletário

(sociology) proletarian (a member of the proletariat)


arracial

(sociology) aracial (without race or race distinctions)


Angla-Shacsanach

head

Angla-Shacsanach (genitive singular masculine Angla-Shacsanaigh, genitive singular feminine Angla-Shacsanaí, plural Angla-Shacsanacha, comparative Angla-Shacsanaí)

Angla-Shacsanaigh (genitive masculine singular)
Angla-Shacsanaí (feminine genitive singular)
Angla-Shacsanacha (plural)
Angla-Shacsanaí (comparative)
nominative (positive)
Angla-Shacsanach (masculine singular)
Angla-Shacsanacha (plural)
vocative (positive)
genitive (positive)
Angla-Shacsanaí (feminine singular)
Angla-Shacsanacha (plural strong)
Angla-Shacsanach (plural weak)
dative (positive)
Angla-Shacsanach (feminine singular)
Angla-Shacsanaigh (archaic feminine singular)
níos Angla-Shacsanaí (comparative)
is Angla-Shacsanaí (superlative)

From Angla- (“Anglo-”) + Sacsanach (“Saxon”).


Angla-Shacsanach

Angla-Shacsanach m (genitive singular Angla-Shacsanaigh, nominative plural Angla-Shacsanaigh)

Angla-Shacsanaigh (genitive singular)
Angla-Shacsanaigh (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
Angla-Shacsanach (indefinite singular)
Angla-Shacsanaigh (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a Angla-Shacsanaigh (indefinite singular)
a Angla-Shacsanacha (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
Angla-Shacsanaigh (indefinite singular)
Angla-Shacsanach (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an tAngla-Shacsanach (definite singular)
na hAngla-Shacsanaigh (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an Angla-Shacsanaigh (definite singular)
na nAngla-Shacsanach (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an Angla-Shacsanach (definite singular)
don Angla-Shacsanach (definite singular)
leis na hAngla-Shacsanaigh (definite plural)
Angla-Shacsanach
nAngla-Shacsanach
hAngla-Shacsanach
tAngla-Shacsanach


sociosymbolic

(social sciences) Relating to society and symbols.


araciality

Such symbols were of no minor importance for a show such as Cosby, roundly and repeatedly criticized for its "araciality."

1994, Kristal Brent Zook, "How I Became Prince of a Town Called Bel Air: Nationalist Desire in Black Television", dissertation submitted to the University of California, Santa Cruz, page 72

I think we don’t pay enough attention to the fact that Michael Jackson, for much of his career, was asexual. And it’s almost as if he was trying to get to some sort of araciality in terms of his presentation, when you think about, you know, someone wearing a mask, someone trying to morph — I mean, Madonna has done it very well without necessarily having to have cosmetic surgery, but this kind of figure that morphs into something else as time goes on.

2009 June 30, “Michael Jackson 1958-2009: The Life and Legacy of the King of Pop”, in Democracy Now:

Though Maouyo and Spencer’s lives have parallels, Maouyo’s journey to araciality was not so much a tireless social justice mission than a process of finding an identity that felt like a good fit.

2011 October 13, Zoe A. Y. Weinberg, “Raceless Like Me”, in The Harvard Crimson:

(sociology, philosophy) The state of being aracial.


racelessness

She says she can finally breathe now. She feels freed by the privilege of relative racelessness.

2022, Jonathan Escoffery, If I Survive You, 4th Estate (2023), page 137:

(sociology, philosophy) The condition of having no perceived race.


anti-racialize

en-verb

anti-racialize (third-person singular simple present anti-racalizes, present participle anti-racializing, simple past and past participle anti-racialized)

anti-racalizes (present singular third-person)
anti-racializing (participle present)
anti-racialized (participle past)
anti-racialized (past)

Interpellating the crystal in the midst of an anti-racializing dialog, Sun Ra intimates emphasizes his power to move race from its historical determinants to rest in mystic powers.

2007, Sue-Ellen Case, Performing Science and the Virtual, Routledge, →ISBN, page 192:

The racializing epistemology that these plays help to codify serves to empower the white/right gaze, which implicitly normalizes and, as I will argue, anti-racializes the English gaze.

2008, Ayanna Thompson, Performing Race and Torture on the Early Modern Stage, Routledge, →ISBN, page 20:

At the same time, the prompt increase in resources and tools made available to Arab and Muslim American organizations, the intensification of anti-racializing work within civil society organizations, and the American public's increased interest in learning more about Arabs and Muslims provided a majority of the Arab Muslims interviewed in this study with a degree of optimism for the future, even though many remained concerned because of the connection they saw between social constructions of Arabs/Muslims and American foreign policy.

2009, Louise A. Cainkar, Homeland Insecurity: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11, Russell Sage Foundation, →ISBN, page 72:

(sociology, philosophy) To act against racial identity or racism.


синыф

head

синыф • (sinıf)

ba-noun

синыф • (sinıf)

sinıf (romanization)
синыф (absolute singular)
синыфтар (absolute plural)
синыфтың (definite genitive singular)
синыфтарҙың (definite genitive plural)
синыфҡа (dative singular)
синыфтарға (dative plural)
синыфты (accusative definite singular)
синыфтарҙы (accusative definite plural)
синыфта (locative singular)
синыфтарҙа (locative plural)
синыфтан (ablative singular)
синыфтарҙан (ablative plural)

From Arabic صِنْف (ṣinf, “kind, sort; class”).
Cognate with
Tatar сыйныф (sıynıf),
Uzbek sinf,
Turkish sınıf (“political class; grade in school”).

cog

Хаким синыф.

Урта синыф.


VAW

(sociology) Initialism of violence against women.


cultural appropriation

en-noun

cultural appropriation (countable and uncountable, plural cultural appropriations)

/ˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl əˌpɹoʊpɹiˈeɪʃən/

White Americans engaged in cultural appropriation when they performed dances involving blackface and mock Native American regalia.

What are the implications for our understanding of the ethics of cultural appropriation when the sound of a Pacific island women's choir becomes the hook of a club hit in Europe, without reward, recompense, or credit for that choir?

2000, David Hesmondhalgh, in Born/Hesmondhalgh, Western Music and Its Others, p. 280

Are yoga classes just bad cultural appropriation?

2015, The Guardian, headline, 23 November:

Where, then, is the line that divides the simple pleasure of cultural fusion from cultural appropriation? One answer is that it becomes appropriation when one group's sense of "normal" inexplicably and unfairly dominates over another.

2015 April 2, Navneet Alang, “Must We Forfeit Our Ghee?”, in Hazlitt, retrieved 2023-05-14:

The party guests were subsequently investigated by the college for ‘ethnic stereotyping’ and placed on ‘social probation’, while the students' general assembly denounced the event as an act of ‘cultural appropriation’.

2016 November, Frances Wilson, “Whose Life Is It Anyway?”, in Literary Review:

(sociology) The (often financially) exploitative, oppressive and/or inaccurate cooption of elements of one culture by members of a different culture.


social constructionism

(sociology) A theory of knowledge according to which human beings rationalize their experience by creating a model of the social world and how it functions, and language is the most essential system through which humans construct reality.


stereotype tax

stereotype tax (plural stereotype taxes)

Such taxes may result from stereotyping, conditioning, or imposed social roles. Merchants' discrimination on the basis of skin colour is a stereotype tax on Black Nova Scotians.

2002, Elena Hannah, Swani Vethamany-Globus, Linda Paul, Women in the Canadian Academic Tundra: Challenging the Chill:

(sociology) A disadvantage that affects a person due to a stereotype about them held and acted upon by others.


street gang

(law, criminology, sociology) An organized group of lower-class criminals; an urban gang.


metaconsumption

In metaconsumption, the objectification, rather than the object itself, is shared, circulated, and consumed. This objectification can impart status to and shape identity for those who are able to lay claim to it through language.

2008, Shalini Shankar, Desi Land: Teen Culture, Class, and Success in Silicon Valley:

(social sciences) The consumption of a process of consumption, rather than of an actual work or product.


saviorism

I show how white men attempted to save brown women from brown men in colonial India. […] Spivak notes the efforts to build discourses of saviorism in thinking about Muslim women and Muslim men.

2016, Heather Ashley Hayes, Violent Subjects and Rhetorical Cartography in the Age of the Terror Wars:

(sociology) A worldview according to which some people are saviors and others need to be saved by them.


integrierbar

de-adj

integrierbar (strong nominative masculine singular integrierbarer, not comparable)

integrierbarer (masculine nominative singular strong)

Nach Hans-Ulrich Wehler sind Muslime nicht integrierbar. Er behauptet, daß „die muslimische Diaspora nicht integrierbar sei.“

2011, Hüseyin Kurt, Edmund Weber, editors, Die Zukunft der Muslime in Deutschland, Peter Lang, page 82:

(politics, sociology) able to be integrated


מבטא

he-noun

מִבְטָא • (mivtá) m (plural indefinite מִבְטָאִים) [pattern: מִקְטָל]

מִבְטָא (canonical)
mivtá (romanization)
מִבְטָאִים (indefinite plural)
מִבְטָא (indefinite singular)
מִבְטָאִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מִבְטָאֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמִּבְטָא (definite singular)
מִבְטָאֲךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מִבְטָאֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מִבְטַאֲכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מִבְטַאֲכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מִבְטָא־ (construct singular)
מִבְטָאוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מִבְטָאָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מִבְטָאָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מִבְטָאָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
מִבְטָאִים (indefinite plural)
מבטאיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מִבְטָאַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מִבְטָאֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמִּבְטָאִים (definite plural)
מִבְטָאֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מבטאייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מִבְטָאַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מִבְטָאֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מִבְטָאֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מִבְטָאֵי־ (construct plural)
מִבְטָאָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מִבְטָאֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מִבְטָאֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מִבְטָאֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

(linguistics, sociolinguistics) accent (the distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect)


weberiano

pt-adj

weberiano (feminine weberiana, masculine plural weberianos, feminine plural weberianas)

weberiana (feminine)
weberianos (masculine plural)
weberianas (feminine plural)

(sociology, economy) Weberian (of or relating to German sociologist and political economist Max Weber)


superdiversity

en-noun

superdiversity (usually uncountable, plural superdiversities)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superdiversity.wav

(sociology) A high level of diversity within and between the ethnic groups in a population.


Hochsprache

de-noun

Hochsprache f (genitive Hochsprache, plural Hochsprachen)

Hochsprache (genitive)
Hochsprachen (plural)
Hochsprache (nominative singular)
Hochsprachen (definite nominative plural)
Hochsprache (genitive singular)
Hochsprachen (definite genitive plural)
Hochsprache (dative singular)
Hochsprachen (dative definite plural)
Hochsprache (accusative singular)
Hochsprachen (accusative definite plural)


coolitude

From coolie + -itude; coined by Mauritian poet Khal Torabully.

(social sciences) An international cultural identity of the Indian or Chinese "coolie" diaspora, and by extension also similar migrations.


osakulttuuri

osakulttuuri (nominative singular)
osakulttuurit (nominative plural)
osakulttuuri (accusative nominative singular)
osakulttuurit (accusative nominative plural)
osakulttuurin (accusative genitive singular)
osakulttuurit (accusative genitive plural)
osakulttuurin (genitive singular)
osakulttuurien (genitive plural)
osakulttuureiden (genitive plural)
osakulttuureitten (genitive plural)
osakulttuuria (partitive singular)
osakulttuureita (partitive plural)
osakulttuureja (partitive plural)
osakulttuurissa (inessive singular)
osakulttuureissa (inessive plural)
osakulttuurista (elative singular)
osakulttuureista (elative plural)
osakulttuuriin (illative singular)
osakulttuureihin (illative plural)
osakulttuurilla (adessive singular)
osakulttuureilla (adessive plural)
osakulttuurilta (ablative singular)
osakulttuureilta (ablative plural)
osakulttuurille (allative singular)
osakulttuureille (allative plural)
osakulttuurina (essive singular)
osakulttuureina (essive plural)
osakulttuuriksi (singular translative)
osakulttuureiksi (plural translative)
osakulttuuritta (abessive singular)
osakulttuureitta (abessive plural)
osakulttuurein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
osakulttuurini (nominative singular)
osakulttuurini (nominative plural)
osakulttuurini (accusative nominative singular)
osakulttuurini (accusative nominative plural)
osakulttuurini (accusative genitive singular)
osakulttuurini (accusative genitive plural)
osakulttuurini (genitive singular)
osakulttuurieni (genitive plural)
osakulttuureideni (genitive plural)
osakulttuureitteni (genitive plural)
osakulttuuriani (partitive singular)
osakulttuureitani (partitive plural)
osakulttuurejani (partitive plural)
osakulttuurissani (inessive singular)
osakulttuureissani (inessive plural)
osakulttuuristani (elative singular)
osakulttuureistani (elative plural)
osakulttuuriini (illative singular)
osakulttuureihini (illative plural)
osakulttuurillani (adessive singular)
osakulttuureillani (adessive plural)
osakulttuuriltani (ablative singular)
osakulttuureiltani (ablative plural)
osakulttuurilleni (allative singular)
osakulttuureilleni (allative plural)
osakulttuurinani (essive singular)
osakulttuureinani (essive plural)
osakulttuurikseni (singular translative)
osakulttuureikseni (plural translative)
osakulttuurittani (abessive singular)
osakulttuureittani (abessive plural)
osakulttuureineni (comitative plural)
osakulttuurisi (nominative singular)
osakulttuurisi (nominative plural)
osakulttuurisi (accusative nominative singular)
osakulttuurisi (accusative nominative plural)
osakulttuurisi (accusative genitive singular)
osakulttuurisi (accusative genitive plural)
osakulttuurisi (genitive singular)
osakulttuuriesi (genitive plural)
osakulttuureidesi (genitive plural)
osakulttuureittesi (genitive plural)
osakulttuuriasi (partitive singular)
osakulttuureitasi (partitive plural)
osakulttuurejasi (partitive plural)
osakulttuurissasi (inessive singular)
osakulttuureissasi (inessive plural)
osakulttuuristasi (elative singular)
osakulttuureistasi (elative plural)
osakulttuuriisi (illative singular)
osakulttuureihisi (illative plural)
osakulttuurillasi (adessive singular)
osakulttuureillasi (adessive plural)
osakulttuuriltasi (ablative singular)
osakulttuureiltasi (ablative plural)
osakulttuurillesi (allative singular)
osakulttuureillesi (allative plural)
osakulttuurinasi (essive singular)
osakulttuureinasi (essive plural)
osakulttuuriksesi (singular translative)
osakulttuureiksesi (plural translative)
osakulttuurittasi (abessive singular)
osakulttuureittasi (abessive plural)
osakulttuureinesi (comitative plural)
osakulttuurimme (nominative singular)
osakulttuurimme (nominative plural)
osakulttuurimme (accusative nominative singular)
osakulttuurimme (accusative nominative plural)
osakulttuurimme (accusative genitive singular)
osakulttuurimme (accusative genitive plural)
osakulttuurimme (genitive singular)
osakulttuuriemme (genitive plural)
osakulttuureidemme (genitive plural)
osakulttuureittemme (genitive plural)
osakulttuuriamme (partitive singular)
osakulttuureitamme (partitive plural)
osakulttuurejamme (partitive plural)
osakulttuurissamme (inessive singular)
osakulttuureissamme (inessive plural)
osakulttuuristamme (elative singular)
osakulttuureistamme (elative plural)
osakulttuuriimme (illative singular)
osakulttuureihimme (illative plural)
osakulttuurillamme (adessive singular)
osakulttuureillamme (adessive plural)
osakulttuuriltamme (ablative singular)
osakulttuureiltamme (ablative plural)
osakulttuurillemme (allative singular)
osakulttuureillemme (allative plural)
osakulttuurinamme (essive singular)
osakulttuureinamme (essive plural)
osakulttuuriksemme (singular translative)
osakulttuureiksemme (plural translative)
osakulttuurittamme (abessive singular)
osakulttuureittamme (abessive plural)
osakulttuureinemme (comitative plural)
osakulttuurinne (nominative singular)
osakulttuurinne (nominative plural)
osakulttuurinne (accusative nominative singular)
osakulttuurinne (accusative nominative plural)
osakulttuurinne (accusative genitive singular)
osakulttuurinne (accusative genitive plural)
osakulttuurinne (genitive singular)
osakulttuurienne (genitive plural)
osakulttuureidenne (genitive plural)
osakulttuureittenne (genitive plural)
osakulttuurianne (partitive singular)
osakulttuureitanne (partitive plural)
osakulttuurejanne (partitive plural)
osakulttuurissanne (inessive singular)
osakulttuureissanne (inessive plural)
osakulttuuristanne (elative singular)
osakulttuureistanne (elative plural)
osakulttuuriinne (illative singular)
osakulttuureihinne (illative plural)
osakulttuurillanne (adessive singular)
osakulttuureillanne (adessive plural)
osakulttuuriltanne (ablative singular)
osakulttuureiltanne (ablative plural)
osakulttuurillenne (allative singular)
osakulttuureillenne (allative plural)
osakulttuurinanne (essive singular)
osakulttuureinanne (essive plural)
osakulttuuriksenne (singular translative)
osakulttuureiksenne (plural translative)
osakulttuurittanne (abessive singular)
osakulttuureittanne (abessive plural)
osakulttuureinenne (comitative plural)
osakulttuurinsa (nominative singular)
osakulttuurinsa (nominative plural)
osakulttuurinsa (accusative nominative singular)
osakulttuurinsa (accusative nominative plural)
osakulttuurinsa (accusative genitive singular)
osakulttuurinsa (accusative genitive plural)
osakulttuurinsa (genitive singular)
osakulttuuriensa (genitive plural)
osakulttuureidensa (genitive plural)
osakulttuureittensa (genitive plural)
osakulttuuriaan (partitive singular)
osakulttuuriansa (partitive singular)
osakulttuureitaan (partitive plural)
osakulttuurejaan (partitive plural)
osakulttuureitansa (partitive plural)
osakulttuurejansa (partitive plural)
osakulttuurissaan (inessive singular)
osakulttuurissansa (inessive singular)
osakulttuureissaan (inessive plural)
osakulttuureissansa (inessive plural)
osakulttuuristaan (elative singular)
osakulttuuristansa (elative singular)
osakulttuureistaan (elative plural)
osakulttuureistansa (elative plural)
osakulttuuriinsa (illative singular)
osakulttuureihinsa (illative plural)
osakulttuurillaan (adessive singular)
osakulttuurillansa (adessive singular)
osakulttuureillaan (adessive plural)
osakulttuureillansa (adessive plural)
osakulttuuriltaan (ablative singular)
osakulttuuriltansa (ablative singular)
osakulttuureiltaan (ablative plural)
osakulttuureiltansa (ablative plural)
osakulttuurilleen (allative singular)
osakulttuurillensa (allative singular)
osakulttuureilleen (allative plural)
osakulttuureillensa (allative plural)
osakulttuurinaan (essive singular)
osakulttuurinansa (essive singular)
osakulttuureinaan (essive plural)
osakulttuureinansa (essive plural)
osakulttuurikseen (singular translative)
osakulttuuriksensa (singular translative)
osakulttuureikseen (plural translative)
osakulttuureiksensa (plural translative)
osakulttuurittaan (abessive singular)
osakulttuurittansa (abessive singular)
osakulttuureittaan (abessive plural)
osakulttuureittansa (abessive plural)
osakulttuureineen (comitative plural)
osakulttuureinensa (comitative plural)


ultrapoor

en-adj

ultrapoor (comparative more ultrapoor, superlative most ultrapoor)

more ultrapoor (comparative)
most ultrapoor (superlative)

The authors' research -- which included data analysis and interviews with ultrapoor families in four regions -- found that many families weren't even aware of TANF.

2015 January 9, Aimee Picchi, “The surging ranks of America's ultrapoor”, in CBS News:

(sociology) Exceptionally poor; in a state of dire poverty.


αστυφιλία

astyfilía (romanization)
αστυφιλία (nominative singular)
αστυφιλίας (genitive singular)
αστυφιλία (accusative singular)
αστυφιλία (singular vocative)

(sociology) deruralisation (UK), deruralization (US)


prekariaatti

prekariaatti (nominative singular)
prekariaatit (nominative plural)
prekariaatti (accusative nominative singular)
prekariaatit (accusative nominative plural)
prekariaatin (accusative genitive singular)
prekariaatit (accusative genitive plural)
prekariaatin (genitive singular)
prekariaattien (genitive plural)
prekariaattia (partitive singular)
prekariaatteja (partitive plural)
prekariaatissa (inessive singular)
prekariaateissa (inessive plural)
prekariaatista (elative singular)
prekariaateista (elative plural)
prekariaattiin (illative singular)
prekariaatteihin (illative plural)
prekariaatilla (adessive singular)
prekariaateilla (adessive plural)
prekariaatilta (ablative singular)
prekariaateilta (ablative plural)
prekariaatille (allative singular)
prekariaateille (allative plural)
prekariaattina (essive singular)
prekariaatteina (essive plural)
prekariaatiksi (singular translative)
prekariaateiksi (plural translative)
prekariaatitta (abessive singular)
prekariaateitta (abessive plural)
prekariaatein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
prekariaattini (nominative singular)
prekariaattini (nominative plural)
prekariaattini (accusative nominative singular)
prekariaattini (accusative nominative plural)
prekariaattini (accusative genitive singular)
prekariaattini (accusative genitive plural)
prekariaattini (genitive singular)
prekariaattieni (genitive plural)
prekariaattiani (partitive singular)
prekariaattejani (partitive plural)
prekariaatissani (inessive singular)
prekariaateissani (inessive plural)
prekariaatistani (elative singular)
prekariaateistani (elative plural)
prekariaattiini (illative singular)
prekariaatteihini (illative plural)
prekariaatillani (adessive singular)
prekariaateillani (adessive plural)
prekariaatiltani (ablative singular)
prekariaateiltani (ablative plural)
prekariaatilleni (allative singular)
prekariaateilleni (allative plural)
prekariaattinani (essive singular)
prekariaatteinani (essive plural)
prekariaatikseni (singular translative)
prekariaateikseni (plural translative)
prekariaatittani (abessive singular)
prekariaateittani (abessive plural)
prekariaatteineni (comitative plural)
prekariaattisi (nominative singular)
prekariaattisi (nominative plural)
prekariaattisi (accusative nominative singular)
prekariaattisi (accusative nominative plural)
prekariaattisi (accusative genitive singular)
prekariaattisi (accusative genitive plural)
prekariaattisi (genitive singular)
prekariaattiesi (genitive plural)
prekariaattiasi (partitive singular)
prekariaattejasi (partitive plural)
prekariaatissasi (inessive singular)
prekariaateissasi (inessive plural)
prekariaatistasi (elative singular)
prekariaateistasi (elative plural)
prekariaattiisi (illative singular)
prekariaatteihisi (illative plural)
prekariaatillasi (adessive singular)
prekariaateillasi (adessive plural)
prekariaatiltasi (ablative singular)
prekariaateiltasi (ablative plural)
prekariaatillesi (allative singular)
prekariaateillesi (allative plural)
prekariaattinasi (essive singular)
prekariaatteinasi (essive plural)
prekariaatiksesi (singular translative)
prekariaateiksesi (plural translative)
prekariaatittasi (abessive singular)
prekariaateittasi (abessive plural)
prekariaatteinesi (comitative plural)
prekariaattimme (nominative singular)
prekariaattimme (nominative plural)
prekariaattimme (accusative nominative singular)
prekariaattimme (accusative nominative plural)
prekariaattimme (accusative genitive singular)
prekariaattimme (accusative genitive plural)
prekariaattimme (genitive singular)
prekariaattiemme (genitive plural)
prekariaattiamme (partitive singular)
prekariaattejamme (partitive plural)
prekariaatissamme (inessive singular)
prekariaateissamme (inessive plural)
prekariaatistamme (elative singular)
prekariaateistamme (elative plural)
prekariaattiimme (illative singular)
prekariaatteihimme (illative plural)
prekariaatillamme (adessive singular)
prekariaateillamme (adessive plural)
prekariaatiltamme (ablative singular)
prekariaateiltamme (ablative plural)
prekariaatillemme (allative singular)
prekariaateillemme (allative plural)
prekariaattinamme (essive singular)
prekariaatteinamme (essive plural)
prekariaatiksemme (singular translative)
prekariaateiksemme (plural translative)
prekariaatittamme (abessive singular)
prekariaateittamme (abessive plural)
prekariaatteinemme (comitative plural)
prekariaattinne (nominative singular)
prekariaattinne (nominative plural)
prekariaattinne (accusative nominative singular)
prekariaattinne (accusative nominative plural)
prekariaattinne (accusative genitive singular)
prekariaattinne (accusative genitive plural)
prekariaattinne (genitive singular)
prekariaattienne (genitive plural)
prekariaattianne (partitive singular)
prekariaattejanne (partitive plural)
prekariaatissanne (inessive singular)
prekariaateissanne (inessive plural)
prekariaatistanne (elative singular)
prekariaateistanne (elative plural)
prekariaattiinne (illative singular)
prekariaatteihinne (illative plural)
prekariaatillanne (adessive singular)
prekariaateillanne (adessive plural)
prekariaatiltanne (ablative singular)
prekariaateiltanne (ablative plural)
prekariaatillenne (allative singular)
prekariaateillenne (allative plural)
prekariaattinanne (essive singular)
prekariaatteinanne (essive plural)
prekariaatiksenne (singular translative)
prekariaateiksenne (plural translative)
prekariaatittanne (abessive singular)
prekariaateittanne (abessive plural)
prekariaatteinenne (comitative plural)
prekariaattinsa (nominative singular)
prekariaattinsa (nominative plural)
prekariaattinsa (accusative nominative singular)
prekariaattinsa (accusative nominative plural)
prekariaattinsa (accusative genitive singular)
prekariaattinsa (accusative genitive plural)
prekariaattinsa (genitive singular)
prekariaattiensa (genitive plural)
prekariaattiaan (partitive singular)
prekariaattiansa (partitive singular)
prekariaattejaan (partitive plural)
prekariaattejansa (partitive plural)
prekariaatissaan (inessive singular)
prekariaatissansa (inessive singular)
prekariaateissaan (inessive plural)
prekariaateissansa (inessive plural)
prekariaatistaan (elative singular)
prekariaatistansa (elative singular)
prekariaateistaan (elative plural)
prekariaateistansa (elative plural)
prekariaattiinsa (illative singular)
prekariaatteihinsa (illative plural)
prekariaatillaan (adessive singular)
prekariaatillansa (adessive singular)
prekariaateillaan (adessive plural)
prekariaateillansa (adessive plural)
prekariaatiltaan (ablative singular)
prekariaatiltansa (ablative singular)
prekariaateiltaan (ablative plural)
prekariaateiltansa (ablative plural)
prekariaatilleen (allative singular)
prekariaatillensa (allative singular)
prekariaateilleen (allative plural)
prekariaateillensa (allative plural)
prekariaattinaan (essive singular)
prekariaattinansa (essive singular)
prekariaatteinaan (essive plural)
prekariaatteinansa (essive plural)
prekariaatikseen (singular translative)
prekariaatiksensa (singular translative)
prekariaateikseen (plural translative)
prekariaateiksensa (plural translative)
prekariaatittaan (abessive singular)
prekariaatittansa (abessive singular)
prekariaateittaan (abessive plural)
prekariaateittansa (abessive plural)
prekariaatteineen (comitative plural)
prekariaatteinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈpre̞kɑ̝riˌɑ̝ːt̪ːi]

Internationalism (see English precariat).


precarization

en-noun

precarization (usually uncountable, plural precarizations)

(sociology) The process by which the number of people who live in precarity increases.


prekarisaatio

prekarisaatio (nominative singular)
prekarisaatiot (nominative plural)
prekarisaatio (accusative nominative singular)
prekarisaatiot (accusative nominative plural)
prekarisaation (accusative genitive singular)
prekarisaatiot (accusative genitive plural)
prekarisaation (genitive singular)
prekarisaatioiden (genitive plural)
prekarisaatioitten (genitive plural)
prekarisaatiota (partitive singular)
prekarisaatioita (partitive plural)
prekarisaatiossa (inessive singular)
prekarisaatioissa (inessive plural)
prekarisaatiosta (elative singular)
prekarisaatioista (elative plural)
prekarisaatioon (illative singular)
prekarisaatioihin (illative plural)
prekarisaatiolla (adessive singular)
prekarisaatioilla (adessive plural)
prekarisaatiolta (ablative singular)
prekarisaatioilta (ablative plural)
prekarisaatiolle (allative singular)
prekarisaatioille (allative plural)
prekarisaationa (essive singular)
prekarisaatioina (essive plural)
prekarisaatioksi (singular translative)
prekarisaatioiksi (plural translative)
prekarisaatiotta (abessive singular)
prekarisaatioitta (abessive plural)
prekarisaatioin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
prekarisaationi (nominative singular)
prekarisaationi (nominative plural)
prekarisaationi (accusative nominative singular)
prekarisaationi (accusative nominative plural)
prekarisaationi (accusative genitive singular)
prekarisaationi (accusative genitive plural)
prekarisaationi (genitive singular)
prekarisaatioideni (genitive plural)
prekarisaatioitteni (genitive plural)
prekarisaatiotani (partitive singular)
prekarisaatioitani (partitive plural)
prekarisaatiossani (inessive singular)
prekarisaatioissani (inessive plural)
prekarisaatiostani (elative singular)
prekarisaatioistani (elative plural)
prekarisaatiooni (illative singular)
prekarisaatioihini (illative plural)
prekarisaatiollani (adessive singular)
prekarisaatioillani (adessive plural)
prekarisaatioltani (ablative singular)
prekarisaatioiltani (ablative plural)
prekarisaatiolleni (allative singular)
prekarisaatioilleni (allative plural)
prekarisaationani (essive singular)
prekarisaatioinani (essive plural)
prekarisaatiokseni (singular translative)
prekarisaatioikseni (plural translative)
prekarisaatiottani (abessive singular)
prekarisaatioittani (abessive plural)
prekarisaatioineni (comitative plural)
prekarisaatiosi (nominative singular)
prekarisaatiosi (nominative plural)
prekarisaatiosi (accusative nominative singular)
prekarisaatiosi (accusative nominative plural)
prekarisaatiosi (accusative genitive singular)
prekarisaatiosi (accusative genitive plural)
prekarisaatiosi (genitive singular)
prekarisaatioidesi (genitive plural)
prekarisaatioittesi (genitive plural)
prekarisaatiotasi (partitive singular)
prekarisaatioitasi (partitive plural)
prekarisaatiossasi (inessive singular)
prekarisaatioissasi (inessive plural)
prekarisaatiostasi (elative singular)
prekarisaatioistasi (elative plural)
prekarisaatioosi (illative singular)
prekarisaatioihisi (illative plural)
prekarisaatiollasi (adessive singular)
prekarisaatioillasi (adessive plural)
prekarisaatioltasi (ablative singular)
prekarisaatioiltasi (ablative plural)
prekarisaatiollesi (allative singular)
prekarisaatioillesi (allative plural)
prekarisaationasi (essive singular)
prekarisaatioinasi (essive plural)
prekarisaatioksesi (singular translative)
prekarisaatioiksesi (plural translative)
prekarisaatiottasi (abessive singular)
prekarisaatioittasi (abessive plural)
prekarisaatioinesi (comitative plural)
prekarisaatiomme (nominative singular)
prekarisaatiomme (nominative plural)
prekarisaatiomme (accusative nominative singular)
prekarisaatiomme (accusative nominative plural)
prekarisaatiomme (accusative genitive singular)
prekarisaatiomme (accusative genitive plural)
prekarisaatiomme (genitive singular)
prekarisaatioidemme (genitive plural)
prekarisaatioittemme (genitive plural)
prekarisaatiotamme (partitive singular)
prekarisaatioitamme (partitive plural)
prekarisaatiossamme (inessive singular)
prekarisaatioissamme (inessive plural)
prekarisaatiostamme (elative singular)
prekarisaatioistamme (elative plural)
prekarisaatioomme (illative singular)
prekarisaatioihimme (illative plural)
prekarisaatiollamme (adessive singular)
prekarisaatioillamme (adessive plural)
prekarisaatioltamme (ablative singular)
prekarisaatioiltamme (ablative plural)
prekarisaatiollemme (allative singular)
prekarisaatioillemme (allative plural)
prekarisaationamme (essive singular)
prekarisaatioinamme (essive plural)
prekarisaatioksemme (singular translative)
prekarisaatioiksemme (plural translative)
prekarisaatiottamme (abessive singular)
prekarisaatioittamme (abessive plural)
prekarisaatioinemme (comitative plural)
prekarisaationne (nominative singular)
prekarisaationne (nominative plural)
prekarisaationne (accusative nominative singular)
prekarisaationne (accusative nominative plural)
prekarisaationne (accusative genitive singular)
prekarisaationne (accusative genitive plural)
prekarisaationne (genitive singular)
prekarisaatioidenne (genitive plural)
prekarisaatioittenne (genitive plural)
prekarisaatiotanne (partitive singular)
prekarisaatioitanne (partitive plural)
prekarisaatiossanne (inessive singular)
prekarisaatioissanne (inessive plural)
prekarisaatiostanne (elative singular)
prekarisaatioistanne (elative plural)
prekarisaatioonne (illative singular)
prekarisaatioihinne (illative plural)
prekarisaatiollanne (adessive singular)
prekarisaatioillanne (adessive plural)
prekarisaatioltanne (ablative singular)
prekarisaatioiltanne (ablative plural)
prekarisaatiollenne (allative singular)
prekarisaatioillenne (allative plural)
prekarisaationanne (essive singular)
prekarisaatioinanne (essive plural)
prekarisaatioksenne (singular translative)
prekarisaatioiksenne (plural translative)
prekarisaatiottanne (abessive singular)
prekarisaatioittanne (abessive plural)
prekarisaatioinenne (comitative plural)
prekarisaationsa (nominative singular)
prekarisaationsa (nominative plural)
prekarisaationsa (accusative nominative singular)
prekarisaationsa (accusative nominative plural)
prekarisaationsa (accusative genitive singular)
prekarisaationsa (accusative genitive plural)
prekarisaationsa (genitive singular)
prekarisaatioidensa (genitive plural)
prekarisaatioittensa (genitive plural)
prekarisaatiotaan (partitive singular)
prekarisaatiotansa (partitive singular)
prekarisaatioitaan (partitive plural)
prekarisaatioitansa (partitive plural)
prekarisaatiossaan (inessive singular)
prekarisaatiossansa (inessive singular)
prekarisaatioissaan (inessive plural)
prekarisaatioissansa (inessive plural)
prekarisaatiostaan (elative singular)
prekarisaatiostansa (elative singular)
prekarisaatioistaan (elative plural)
prekarisaatioistansa (elative plural)
prekarisaatioonsa (illative singular)
prekarisaatioihinsa (illative plural)
prekarisaatiollaan (adessive singular)
prekarisaatiollansa (adessive singular)
prekarisaatioillaan (adessive plural)
prekarisaatioillansa (adessive plural)
prekarisaatioltaan (ablative singular)
prekarisaatioltansa (ablative singular)
prekarisaatioiltaan (ablative plural)
prekarisaatioiltansa (ablative plural)
prekarisaatiolleen (allative singular)
prekarisaatiollensa (allative singular)
prekarisaatioilleen (allative plural)
prekarisaatioillensa (allative plural)
prekarisaationaan (essive singular)
prekarisaationansa (essive singular)
prekarisaatioinaan (essive plural)
prekarisaatioinansa (essive plural)
prekarisaatiokseen (singular translative)
prekarisaatioksensa (singular translative)
prekarisaatioikseen (plural translative)
prekarisaatioiksensa (plural translative)
prekarisaatiottaan (abessive singular)
prekarisaatiottansa (abessive singular)
prekarisaatioittaan (abessive plural)
prekarisaatioittansa (abessive plural)
prekarisaatioineen (comitative plural)
prekarisaatioinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English precarization).


countertext

Alice Randall's novel "The Wind Done Gone" is a countertext to Margaret Mitchell's novel "Gone with the Wind".

(literature, social sciences) A text that opposes another, often by presenting similar events from a different perspective.


omniracial

(sociology, philosophy) Concerning or including every race.


moniarvoisuus

moniarvoisuus (nominative singular)
moniarvoisuudet (nominative plural)
moniarvoisuus (accusative nominative singular)
moniarvoisuudet (accusative nominative plural)
moniarvoisuuden (accusative genitive singular)
moniarvoisuudet (accusative genitive plural)
moniarvoisuuden (genitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksien (genitive plural)
moniarvoisuutta (partitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksia (partitive plural)
moniarvoisuudessa (inessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksissa (inessive plural)
moniarvoisuudesta (elative singular)
moniarvoisuuksista (elative plural)
moniarvoisuuteen (illative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiin (illative plural)
moniarvoisuudella (adessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksilla (adessive plural)
moniarvoisuudelta (ablative singular)
moniarvoisuuksilta (ablative plural)
moniarvoisuudelle (allative singular)
moniarvoisuuksille (allative plural)
moniarvoisuutena (essive singular)
moniarvoisuuksina (essive plural)
moniarvoisuudeksi (singular translative)
moniarvoisuuksiksi (plural translative)
moniarvoisuudetta (abessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksitta (abessive plural)
moniarvoisuuksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
moniarvoisuuteni (nominative singular)
moniarvoisuuteni (nominative plural)
moniarvoisuuteni (accusative nominative singular)
moniarvoisuuteni (accusative nominative plural)
moniarvoisuuteni (accusative genitive singular)
moniarvoisuuteni (accusative genitive plural)
moniarvoisuuteni (genitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksieni (genitive plural)
moniarvoisuuttani (partitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksiani (partitive plural)
moniarvoisuudessani (inessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksissani (inessive plural)
moniarvoisuudestani (elative singular)
moniarvoisuuksistani (elative plural)
moniarvoisuuteeni (illative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiini (illative plural)
moniarvoisuudellani (adessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksillani (adessive plural)
moniarvoisuudeltani (ablative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiltani (ablative plural)
moniarvoisuudelleni (allative singular)
moniarvoisuuksilleni (allative plural)
moniarvoisuutenani (essive singular)
moniarvoisuuksinani (essive plural)
moniarvoisuudekseni (singular translative)
moniarvoisuuksikseni (plural translative)
moniarvoisuudettani (abessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksittani (abessive plural)
moniarvoisuuksineni (comitative plural)
moniarvoisuutesi (nominative singular)
moniarvoisuutesi (nominative plural)
moniarvoisuutesi (accusative nominative singular)
moniarvoisuutesi (accusative nominative plural)
moniarvoisuutesi (accusative genitive singular)
moniarvoisuutesi (accusative genitive plural)
moniarvoisuutesi (genitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksiesi (genitive plural)
moniarvoisuuttasi (partitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksiasi (partitive plural)
moniarvoisuudessasi (inessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksissasi (inessive plural)
moniarvoisuudestasi (elative singular)
moniarvoisuuksistasi (elative plural)
moniarvoisuuteesi (illative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiisi (illative plural)
moniarvoisuudellasi (adessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksillasi (adessive plural)
moniarvoisuudeltasi (ablative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiltasi (ablative plural)
moniarvoisuudellesi (allative singular)
moniarvoisuuksillesi (allative plural)
moniarvoisuutenasi (essive singular)
moniarvoisuuksinasi (essive plural)
moniarvoisuudeksesi (singular translative)
moniarvoisuuksiksesi (plural translative)
moniarvoisuudettasi (abessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksittasi (abessive plural)
moniarvoisuuksinesi (comitative plural)
moniarvoisuutemme (nominative singular)
moniarvoisuutemme (nominative plural)
moniarvoisuutemme (accusative nominative singular)
moniarvoisuutemme (accusative nominative plural)
moniarvoisuutemme (accusative genitive singular)
moniarvoisuutemme (accusative genitive plural)
moniarvoisuutemme (genitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksiemme (genitive plural)
moniarvoisuuttamme (partitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksiamme (partitive plural)
moniarvoisuudessamme (inessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksissamme (inessive plural)
moniarvoisuudestamme (elative singular)
moniarvoisuuksistamme (elative plural)
moniarvoisuuteemme (illative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiimme (illative plural)
moniarvoisuudellamme (adessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksillamme (adessive plural)
moniarvoisuudeltamme (ablative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiltamme (ablative plural)
moniarvoisuudellemme (allative singular)
moniarvoisuuksillemme (allative plural)
moniarvoisuutenamme (essive singular)
moniarvoisuuksinamme (essive plural)
moniarvoisuudeksemme (singular translative)
moniarvoisuuksiksemme (plural translative)
moniarvoisuudettamme (abessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksittamme (abessive plural)
moniarvoisuuksinemme (comitative plural)
moniarvoisuutenne (nominative singular)
moniarvoisuutenne (nominative plural)
moniarvoisuutenne (accusative nominative singular)
moniarvoisuutenne (accusative nominative plural)
moniarvoisuutenne (accusative genitive singular)
moniarvoisuutenne (accusative genitive plural)
moniarvoisuutenne (genitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksienne (genitive plural)
moniarvoisuuttanne (partitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksianne (partitive plural)
moniarvoisuudessanne (inessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksissanne (inessive plural)
moniarvoisuudestanne (elative singular)
moniarvoisuuksistanne (elative plural)
moniarvoisuuteenne (illative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiinne (illative plural)
moniarvoisuudellanne (adessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksillanne (adessive plural)
moniarvoisuudeltanne (ablative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiltanne (ablative plural)
moniarvoisuudellenne (allative singular)
moniarvoisuuksillenne (allative plural)
moniarvoisuutenanne (essive singular)
moniarvoisuuksinanne (essive plural)
moniarvoisuudeksenne (singular translative)
moniarvoisuuksiksenne (plural translative)
moniarvoisuudettanne (abessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksittanne (abessive plural)
moniarvoisuuksinenne (comitative plural)
moniarvoisuutensa (nominative singular)
moniarvoisuutensa (nominative plural)
moniarvoisuutensa (accusative nominative singular)
moniarvoisuutensa (accusative nominative plural)
moniarvoisuutensa (accusative genitive singular)
moniarvoisuutensa (accusative genitive plural)
moniarvoisuutensa (genitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksiensa (genitive plural)
moniarvoisuuttaan (partitive singular)
moniarvoisuuttansa (partitive singular)
moniarvoisuuksiaan (partitive plural)
moniarvoisuuksiansa (partitive plural)
moniarvoisuudessaan (inessive singular)
moniarvoisuudessansa (inessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksissaan (inessive plural)
moniarvoisuuksissansa (inessive plural)
moniarvoisuudestaan (elative singular)
moniarvoisuudestansa (elative singular)
moniarvoisuuksistaan (elative plural)
moniarvoisuuksistansa (elative plural)
moniarvoisuuteensa (illative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiinsa (illative plural)
moniarvoisuudellaan (adessive singular)
moniarvoisuudellansa (adessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksillaan (adessive plural)
moniarvoisuuksillansa (adessive plural)
moniarvoisuudeltaan (ablative singular)
moniarvoisuudeltansa (ablative singular)
moniarvoisuuksiltaan (ablative plural)
moniarvoisuuksiltansa (ablative plural)
moniarvoisuudelleen (allative singular)
moniarvoisuudellensa (allative singular)
moniarvoisuuksilleen (allative plural)
moniarvoisuuksillensa (allative plural)
moniarvoisuutenaan (essive singular)
moniarvoisuutenansa (essive singular)
moniarvoisuuksinaan (essive plural)
moniarvoisuuksinansa (essive plural)
moniarvoisuudekseen (singular translative)
moniarvoisuudeksensa (singular translative)
moniarvoisuuksikseen (plural translative)
moniarvoisuuksiksensa (plural translative)
moniarvoisuudettaan (abessive singular)
moniarvoisuudettansa (abessive singular)
moniarvoisuuksittaan (abessive plural)
moniarvoisuuksittansa (abessive plural)
moniarvoisuuksineen (comitative plural)
moniarvoisuuksinensa (comitative plural)


antipluralism

(sociology) Opposition to sociological pluralism.


nomadology

nomadology (countable and uncountable, plural nomadologies)

(social sciences) The study of personal identities that are not rooted in one place or limited to a single fixed worldview.


heterosex

en-verb

heterosex (third-person singular simple present heterosexes, present participle heterosexing, simple past and past participle heterosexed)

heterosexes (present singular third-person)
heterosexing (participle present)
heterosexed (participle past)
heterosexed (past)

From hetero- + sex. Attested since the 20th century.

For example, the heterosexing of public space means that while heterosexual couples can hold hands or kiss goodbye in the street, the same behaviour from same-sex couples is likely to attract attention and sometimes verbal or physical sanctions against them.

2013, Paul Cloke, Philip Crang, Mark Goodwin, Introducing Human Geographies, page 651:

Although each society defines its own norms, most of them assign a higher status to men over women, to heterosexual persons over non-heterosexual ones, and to heterosexed bodies over non-heterosexed ones.

2014, MariaCaterina La Barbera, Identity and Migration in Europe: Multidisciplinary Perspectives:

(sociology, transitive) To make heterosexual.


reverse sexism

Coordinate term: reverse racism

Others look to dismiss the female cast as some sort of reverse-sexism, a “marketing gimmick” that diminishes the stars by turning them into tokens.

2016 May 18, David Sims, “The Outcry Against the All-Female ‘Ghostbusters’ Remake Gets Louder”, in The Atlantic:

(sociology) Sexism against the dominant sex.


patriology

From Ancient Greek πατέρας (patéras, “father”) + -logy.

uder

(sociology) A complex of male-dominated or male-centered aspects of cultural and social life; patriarchy.


abstand

(linguistics, sociolinguistics) Of a language or dialect (a lect), being different from another lect in its intrinsic linguistic features (as opposed to extrinsic features such as social, political or legal status)


covert prestige

(sociolinguistics) Prestige acquired in a community by using a non-standard language variety, such as a working-class dialect.


whitestream

en-verb

whitestream (third-person singular simple present whitestreams, present participle whitestreaming, simple past and past participle whitestreamed)

whitestreams (present singular third-person)
whitestreaming (participle present)
whitestreamed (participle past)
whitestreamed (past)

In addition to manipulating the curriculum, Native American children were whitestreamed by severely controlling their actions and very closely monitoring their behavior.

(transitive, social sciences) To bias toward white people and their history.


cooperative principle

(sociolinguistics) The idea that listeners and speakers need to cooperate in order to communicate effectively.


cultural appropriator

en-noun

cultural appropriator (plural cultural appropriators)

Though Ms. Mnouchkine is more of a blithe cultural appropriator than a purveyor of stereotypes, the sex-crazed sheikhs seem to go too far. “A Room in India” also tries, with mixed success, to see if terrorists can be made funny, in the manner of the Keystone Kops. And yet, for all of the company’s catholic tastes, there are lines of relativism it will not cross.

2017 December 6, Jesse Green, “Review: ‘A Room in India’ Overflows With Astonishing Visions”, in The New York Times:

cultural appropriation
cultural appropriation

(sociology) One who engages in cultural appropriation.

kulttuurinen omija

one who engages in cultural appropriation


culturally appropriative

en-adj

culturally appropriative (comparative more culturally appropriative, superlative most culturally appropriative)

more culturally appropriative (comparative)
most culturally appropriative (superlative)

(sociology) Characteristic of cultural appropriation.


culturally appropriate

en-verb

culturally appropriate (third-person singular simple present culturally appropriates, present participle culturally appropriating, simple past and past participle culturally appropriated)

culturally appropriates (present singular third-person)
culturally appropriating (participle present)
culturally appropriated (participle past)
culturally appropriated (past)

(sociology, transitive) To engage in cultural appropriation.


middelklasse

middelklassa (definite singular)
middelklassen (definite singular)
middelklasser (indefinite plural)
middelklassene (definite plural)


middelklasse

middelklassen (definite singular)
middelklassar (indefinite plural)
middelklassane (definite plural)
middelklassa (definite singular)
middelklasser (indefinite plural)
middelklassene (definite plural)


ausbau

Thus the Hindi/Urdu situation was created by an ausbau process, not unlike the process which created Norwegian as distinct from Danish, and Afrikaans as distinct from Dutch.

1988, “Religion and language varieties: the case of Hindi-Urdu”, in Mohammad Ali Jazayery, Werner Winter, editors, Languages and Cultures, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 745:

(linguistics, sociolinguistics, of a language or dialect) Constituting a standard; being deliberately shaped and standardized; having the social, political, or legal status of a standard language.


isograph

From iso- (“same, self”) + -graph (“writing”).

confix

(sociolinguistics) A line indicating the geographical boundaries within which a particular feature of a written script is used.


assimilatie

Afrikaans: assimilasie

→ Indonesian: asimilasi

Borrowed from French assimilation, from Latin assimilātiō, alternative form of assimulātiō.

(society, sociology) assimilation (adoption of customs and values by a group)


monocultuur

nl-noun

monocultuur f (plural monoculturen, diminutive monocultuurtje n)

monoculturen (plural)
monocultuurtje (diminutive neuter)

Probably borrowed. Equivalent to mono- + cultuur.

De stad probeert monocultuur te vermijden door diversiteit te bevorderen.

The city tries to avoid monoculture by promoting diversity.

Critici beweren dat monocultuur de samenleving minder veerkrachtig maakt.
Critics argue that monoculture makes society less resilient.

(society, sociology) monoculture (rather homogeneous, undiverse culture)


acculturalisatie

acculturalisatie f (plural acculturalisaties)

Borrowed from English acculturalisation.


mimeticism

en-noun

mimeticism (usually uncountable, plural mimeticisms)

(sociology) The adoption of the habits or attitudes of a colonizing group by the colonized people.


women are wonderful effect

the women are wonderful effect (canonical)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-women are wonderful effect.wav

(psychology, sociology) The phenomenon in psychological and sociological research that people seem to associate more positive attributes with women in general than with men in general, reflecting an emotional bias.


negative eugenics

(biology, sociology) A social philosophy which advocates for human enhancement by discouraging those with inferior genetics from reproducing.


precarized

en-adj

precarized (comparative more precarized, superlative most precarized)

more precarized (comparative)
most precarized (superlative)

(sociology) Placed in a position of precarity.


sosiolekt

sosiolekten (definite singular)
sosiolekter (indefinite plural)
sosiolektene (definite plural)

From sosio- + -lekt, ending taken from -λεκτος (-lektos).


sosiolekt

sosiolekten (definite singular)
sosiolekta (definite singular)
sosiolekter (indefinite plural)
sosiolektar (indefinite plural)
sosiolektene (definite plural)
sosiolektane (definite plural)

From sosio- + -lekt, ending from -λεκτος (-lektos).


schuldcultuur

nl-noun

schuldcultuur f (plural schuldculturen, diminutive schuldcultuurtje n)

schuldculturen (plural)
schuldcultuurtje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of schuld (“guilt, blame”) + cultuur (“culture”).

compound

(sociology) culture characterised by the dominance of wrongdoing, guilt and conscience in value judgements


schaamtecultuur

nl-noun

schaamtecultuur f (plural schaamteculturen, diminutive schaamtecultuurtje n)

schaamteculturen (plural)
schaamtecultuurtje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of schaamte (“shame, dishonour”) + cultuur (“culture”).

compound

(sociology) culture characterised by the dominance of honour and shame in value judgements


tygiel

pl-noun

tygiel m inan (diminutive tygielek or tyglik)

tygielek (diminutive)
tyglik (diminutive)
tygiel (nominative singular)
tygle (nominative plural)
tygla (genitive singular)
tygli (genitive plural)
tyglowi (dative singular)
tyglom (dative plural)
tygiel (accusative singular)
tygle (accusative plural)
tyglem (instrumental singular)
tyglami (instrumental plural)
tyglu (locative singular)
tyglach (locative plural)
tyglu (singular vocative)
tygle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Tiegel, from Middle High German tigel, tegel, from Old High German tegel, tegal, from Proto-Germanic *digulaz.

(figuratively, sociology) melting pot (place where many divergent things come together and are homogenized)


cultural identity

en-noun

cultural identity (plural cultural identities)

(sociology) An identity or feeling of belonging to a group.


文化認同

ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄖㄣˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ

вэньхуа жэньтун

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐən⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³ jɪŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hua²¹⁻⁵³ lim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹⁻⁵³ lim³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lim⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/bun²³⁻³³ hua²¹⁻⁴¹ zim³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/bun¹³⁻²² hua²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐən⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³ jɪŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hua²¹⁻⁵³ lim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹⁻⁵³ lim³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/bun²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lim⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/bun²³⁻³³ hua²¹⁻⁴¹ zim³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/bun¹³⁻²² hua²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/


superexploit

en-verb

superexploit (third-person singular simple present superexploits, present participle superexploiting, simple past and past participle superexploited)

superexploits (present singular third-person)
superexploiting (participle present)
superexploited (participle past)
superexploited (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superexploit.wav

The difference between a superexploited black man in the US, or a superexploited Spaniard in Switzerland and a superexploited colonial worker in pre-independence Nigeria is instructive.

1991, Hillel Ticktin, The Politics of Race: Discrimination in South Africa, page 76:

(transitive, sociology) To exploit (a worker) to a particularly severe degree.


hyperghetto

en-noun

hyperghetto (plural hyperghettos or hyperghettoes)

hyperghettos (plural)
hyperghettoes (plural)

Coined by Loïc Wacquant. From hyper- + ghetto.

(sociology) a severely impoverished and anomic ghetto whose inhabitants are mostly working-class people of a specific ethnic minority, without any significant presence of wealthier strata


longue durée

Borrowed from French longue durée (“long duration”). Attested since the 1960s.

lange linjer

historiographical term, "long lines of history"

The "Annales" school draws attention to the virtually unchanging geography of a region, the rising and ebbing movements of the economy, or the rhythmic repetitions in social relations — i.e., to the "longue duree" — rather than to those fleeting events we call political.

1978, Lynn Avery Hunt, Revolution and Urban Politics in Provincial France: Troyes and Reims, 1786-1790, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 1:

(historiography, social sciences) A long period of time during which social processes develop or social structures evolve.


toxic masculinity

Coined by psychologist Shepherd Bliss of the mythopoetic men's movement around 1986 and first attested in 1990 (see quote below). Compare hegemonic masculinity, which was coined in 1982.

For example, I speak of toxic masculinity as that which damages men, women, children and the earth through neglect, abuse and violence.

1990 January 18, Shepherd Bliss, “Letters (Gay Supportive)”, in Bay Area Reporter, volume XX, number 3, San Fransisco: Benro Enterprises, page 8:

In addition, many male feminists seek to rid themselves of what they regard as toxic masculinity promoted in men by socialization and to develop in themselves sensitivities and tenderness more typically socialized into women.

2005, Eli Sagan, Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender & and Culture, Wadsworth, →ISBN, page 302:

The facts of toxic masculinity are rarely discussed after mass shootings, as we beat the usual drums of gun control and mental health.

2016 June 27, Stephen T. Asma, “The weaponised loser”, in Aeon:

(social sciences, media criticism) The aspects of traditional masculinity perceived to reinforce aggression, emotionlessness and other negative qualities.


translocal

In the following account of ethnographic research carried out in the context of a textual community, I demonstrate how 'translocal phenomena,' which I understand to include diasporic communities and communities that emerge in relation to the mass media and electronic communications, do not entirely evade classical methods of participant observation as some ethnographers have assumed.

2001, “Sites Unseen: Ethnographic Research in a Textual Community”, in Qualitative Studies in Education, 14.4, p. 568:

First, I attempt to conceptualize the ethnic restaurant as a translocal space that is characterized by intercultural transfers of foods, technologies, and information, and that functions as a nodal point in transnational networks.

2007, German Historical Institute, Bulletin, numbers 40-43, page 80:

(sociology) Involving a sense of identity split between or blended from multiple locations, especially in multiple ethnic regions.


perspektivere

perspektiverer (active present)
perspektiveres (passive present)
perspektiverede (active past)
perspektiveredes (passive past)
perspektivere (active infinitive)
perspektiveres (infinitive passive)
perspektiver (active imperative)
perspektiverende (participle present)
perspektiveret (participle past)
auxiliary verb have (participle past)

(humanities, social sciences) to endow an issue, literary work, discussion etc. with a perspective by comparing it with other, similar and/or relevant things


social policy

(politics, sociology) The sociopolitical guidelines that deal with communal issues.