on

Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *ana
Old English on
Middle English on
English on
From Middle English on, from Old English on, an (“on, upon, onto, in, into”), from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.
Cognate with North Frisian a (“on, in”), Saterland Frisian an (“on, at”), West Frisian oan (“on, at”), Dutch aan (“on, at, to”), Low German an (“on, at”), German an (“to, at, on”), Swedish å (“on, at, in”), Faroese á (“on, onto, in, at”), Icelandic á (“on, in”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana), Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, upon”), Albanian në (“in”); and from Old Norse upp á: Danish på, Swedish på, Norwegian på, see upon.

etymon

Southern US, Midland US, Philadelphia, Baltimore

(acting, drama, roleplaying games) Acting in character.


English

en-adj

English (comparative more English, superlative most English)

more English (comparative)
most English (superlative)
Inglish (alternative dated rare)
Englishe (alternative archaic)
english (alternative US)
english (alternative dated rare)

From Middle English Englisch, English, Inglis, from Old English Englisċ (“of the Angles; English”), from Engle (“the Angles”), a Germanic tribe + -isċ; equivalent to Engle + -ish. Compare West Frisian Ingelsk, Scots Inglis (older ynglis), Dutch Engels, Danish engelsk, Old French Englesche (whence French anglais), German englisch, Spanish inglés, all ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow”) (compare Sanskrit अंहु (áṃhu, “narrow”), अंहस् (áṃhas, “anxiety, sin”), Latin angustus (“narrow”), Old Church Slavonic ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ, “narrow”)).

inglés

of or pertaining to an Englishman, Englishwoman, the English

(film, television) Denoting a vertical orientation of the barn doors on a camera.


y

Abbreviations.
y
# (Stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɔɪ̯/.
# (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of why.
# (Stenoscript) the suffix -ry or -rry.

(UK, television) Abbreviation of youth, usually followed by an age appropriate for the content so marked.


season

→ Japanese: シーズン (shīzun)

→ Korean: 시즌 (sijeun)

From Middle English sesoun, seson (“time of the year”), from Old French seson, saison (“time of sowing, seeding”), from Latin satiō (“act of sowing, planting”) from satum, past participle of serō (“to sow, plant”) from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, plant”). Akin to Old English sāwan (“to sow”), sǣd (“seed”). Doublet of saison. Displaced native Middle English sele (“season”) (from Old English sǣl (“season, time, occasion”)), Middle English tide (“season, time of year”) (from Old English tīd (“time, period, yeartide, season”)).

temps

(obsolete) an extended, undefined period of time

The third season of Friends aired from 1996 to 1997.

Or - is she Erin Gray in the second season of Buck Rogers beautiful?

1998 February 11, “Tom's Rhinoplasty”, in South Park, season 1, episode 11:

(Canada, US, Australia, broadcasting) A group of episodes of a television or radio program broadcast in regular intervals with a long break between each group, usually with one year between the beginning of each.


de

(radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)


lens

en-verb

lens (third-person singular simple present lenses, present participle lensing, simple past and past participle lensed)

lenses (present singular third-person)
lensing (participle present)
lensed (participle past)
lensed (past)
lense (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”), with Medieval Latin later taking on the sense of “lens”, a semantic loan from Arabic عَدْسَة (ʕadsa, “lentil; optic lens”).

semantic loan

It’s set in an anonymous, upper-middle-class suburb, lensed in the generic gunmetal gray that will one day appear as dated as the fuzzy outlines of ’80s direct-to-video horror movies.

2020 May 7, Katie Rife, “If you’re looking to jump in your seat, make a playdate with Z”, in The Onion AV Club, archived from the original on 2020-05-16:

(transitive, cinematography) To film, shoot.


star

Sranan Tongo: stari
Aukan: sitali

→ Finnish: stara

→ French: star

→ German: Star

→ Italian: star

→ Swahili: staa

From Middle English sterre, from Old English steorra (“star”), from Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Doublet of aster, stella, étoile, and estoile.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots starn, ster, North Frisian steer, West Frisian stjer, Saterland Frisian Stiern, Dutch ster, Luxembourgish Stär, German Stern, Yiddish שטערן (shtern), Vilamovian śtaom, Swedish stjärna, Norwegian stjerne, Icelandic stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō), Spanish estrella, Portuguese estrela, French étoile, Italian stella, Romanian stea, Occitan estela, Venetan stéła, Sicilian stidda, Sardinian isteddu, Mirandese streilha, Walloon sitoele, Romansch staila, Megleno-Romanian steau̯ă, Istriot stila, Istro-Romanian ste, Latin stēlla, Greek αστέρι (astéri), Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr), Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Persian ستاره (setâre), Tajik ситора (sitora), Pashto ستوری (storay), Mazanderani اساره (ëssâre), Northern Kurdish stêr, Central Kurdish ئەستێرە (estêre), Zazaki astare, Ossetian стъалы (st’aly), Hindi तारा (tārā), Urdu تارا (tārā), Punjabi ਤਾਰਾ (tārā), Gujarati તારો (tāro), Sanskrit तारा (tārā).

аеҵǝа

a celestial body appearing as a point of light on the clear night sky, whose position is relatively fixed with respect to each other

Many Hollywood stars attended the launch party.


two

twos (plural)
twain (alternative dated)
twey (alternative archaic)

→ Russian: туз (tuz, “two-oar dinghy”)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English two, twa, from Old English twā, feminine and neuter of twēġen (whence twain), from Proto-West Germanic *twai-, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.
Cognate with Scots twa (“two”); North Frisian tou, tuu (“two”); Saterland Frisian twäin, two (“two”); West Frisian twa (“two”); Dutch twee (“two”); Low German twee, twei (“two”); German zwei, zwo (“two”); Danish and Norwegian to (“two”); Swedish två, tu (“two”); Icelandic tvö (“two”); Faroese tvey (“two”); Latin duō (“two”); Ancient Greek δύο (dúo, “two”); Irish dhá (“two”); Lithuanian dù (“two”); Russian два (dva, “two”); Albanian dy (“two”); Old Armenian երկու (erku, “two”); Sanskrit द्व (dvá, “two”); Tocharian A wu, Tocharian B wi. Doublet of duo. See also twain.


AD

en-noun

AD (countable and uncountable, plural ADs)

ADs (plural)
A.D. (alternative)
A. D. (alternative)

A few moments later, the A.D. reappears. "They need you," she says. "And could you stop by Wardrobe?" Shannen rolls her eyes. "O.K.!" she snaps.

1993 November, Lynn Hirschberg, “Brat on a Hot Tin Roof”, in Vanity Fair:

assistant director
assistant director#English

(film) Initialism of assistant director.

audio description
audio description#English

(television) Abbreviation of audio description.


umbrella

umbrellas (plural)
brelly (alternative UK diminutive)
brellie (alternative UK diminutive)
brolly (alternative UK diminutive)
humbrella (alternative archaic)
ombrella (alternative obsolete)
umbrello (alternative obsolete)
umbreller (alternative)

→ Igbo: mbalarị

→ Welsh: ymbarél

→ Yoruba: ọ̀bùrẹ́là

→ Tok Pisin: ambrela

Borrowed from Italian ombrella, umbrella (“parasol, sunshade”), diminutive of ombra (“shade”) (or from a Late Latin or Medieval Latin umbrella), from Latin umbra (“shadow”).

chatra

royal & religious symbol in South & East Asia

Using umbrellas for shooting a wedding party is ok, but not necessary.

2014, Michael Allen, Modern Wedding Photography, page 97:

(photography, television) An umbrella-shaped reflector with a white or silvery inner surface, used to diffuse a nearby light.


nigger

niggers (plural)
n****r (alternative)
n-word (alternative euphemistic)
nigga (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
niggah (alternative pronunciation-spelling)
nigguh (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

desctree

>? Sranan Tongo: nengre
Aukan: nengee
Saramaccan: në́ngë

→ Danish: nigger

→ Dutch: nikker

→ German: Nigger

→ Norwegian: nigger

→ Swedish: nigger

Probably immediately from Middle French nègre or Spanish and Portuguese negro (“a black person”); ultimately from Latin niger (“black”), thus a doublet of negro and noir. Compare Danish nigger, Swedish neger, German Nigger, Dutch nikker. First use appears c. 1577, in the writings of Edward Hellowes (fl. 1574–1601). The expected Modern English pronunciation would be with /iː/; compare neger. The modern pronunciation with /ɪ/ may be due to influence from the Latin etymon (compare the older Southern US pronunciation of negro with /ɪ/), but compare the dialectal American pronunciations of eagle and eager as /ˈɪɡəl/ and /ˈɪɡɚ/.

чёрный

note: негр m (negr) and негритя́нка f (negritjánka) are neutral terms

حبشی

offensive if intended otherwise 'Male Ethiopian/Abyssian'

حبشن

offensive if intended otherwise 'Female Ethiopian/Abyssinian'

Care should be taken to check visually from the position occupied by the subject and from the camera also, to ascertain that the nigger is positioned correctly and does not obstruct the picture area.

1961, Peter Snow, Electronic Flashlight Photography, page 114:

(film, dated) A black screen used in conjunction with the camera to block light or produce special lighting effects.


reality

en-noun

reality (usually uncountable, plural realities)

From French réalité (“quality of being real”), from Middle French realité (“property, possession”), from Medieval Latin reālitās, from Late Latin reālis (“real”), equivalent to real + -ity. Recorded since 1550 as a legal term in the sense of “fixed property” (compare real estate, realty); the sense “real existence” is attested from 1647. First attested in c. 1540.

der

a foray into reality programming

Reality television
reality television#English

(broadcasting, attributive) Reality television.


reality

Clipping of reality show, from English reality show.


reality

Pseudo-anglicism, a clipping of reality show, from English reality show.


reality

es-noun

reality m (plural realities or realitys)

Clipping of reality show, from unadapted borrowing from English reality show.

ubor

Hace un mes fueron precisamente las protestas (digitales) las que tumbaron el estreno de The Activist, un reality estadounidense al que se acusó de querer mercantilizar el altruismo, promover la rivalidad entre causas sociales y reducir su éxito al alcance en redes de quienes defienden los derechos humanos.

2021 October 26, Celia Fernández, “El activismo altruista como carne de ‘reality’”, in El País:


NATO

en:National Association of Theatre Owners

From National Association of Theatre Owners.

(US, film) Acronym of National Association of Theatre Owners.


BM

en-noun

BM (countable and uncountable, plural BMs)

Life support for BM formats
Robert M. Lowery acknowledges that beautiful music formats are in the decline […]

1983, Television/Radio Age, volume 30, page 72:

Practically every dentist or doctor's office carries a BM station.

1988, Donald F. Harvey, Strategic management and business policy, page 300:

(uncountable, broadcasting) Initialism of beautiful music.


BBC

Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
w:Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation

(Philippines, broadcasting, historical) Initialism of Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation, a defunct Philippine television network active from 1973 to 1986.


AM

AM (countable and uncountable, plural AMs)

AMs (plural)
A.M. (alternative)
A. M. (alternative)
A M (alternative)

amplitude modulation
amplitude modulation#English

(communication, broadcasting) Initialism of amplitude modulation; contrasted with FM.


AA

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

(broadcasting) Initialism of average audience.


take

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

From Middle English taken (“to take, lay hold of, grasp, strike”), from Old English tacan (“to grasp, touch”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse taka (“to touch, take”), from Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to touch”), from pre-Germanic *deh₁g- (“to touch”), possibly a phonetically altered form of Proto-Indo-European *te-th₂g- (“to touch, take”) (see there for details).
Gradually displaced native Middle English nimen (“to take”; see nim), from Old English niman (“to take”).
Cognates
Scots tak, Icelandic and Norwegian Nynorsk taka (“to take”), Norwegian Bokmål ta (“to take”), Swedish ta (“to take”), Danish tage (“to take, seize”), Middle Dutch taken (“to grasp”), Dutch taken (“to take; grasp”), Middle Low German tacken (“to grasp”). English thack may be from the same root. Compare tackle. Despite superficial similarity, unrelated to Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to take by hand, obtain”), which is instead cognate with English thig (“to beg”).

gloss

“to take”; see <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">nim</i>

noncog

It's a take.

Act seven, scene three, take two.

(film) A scene recorded (filmed) at one time, without an interruption or break; a recording of such a scene.


take

(Hong Kong Cantonese, film) take; attempts of recording or filming at one time (Classifier: 個／个 c)


add

From Middle English adden, from Latin addō (“add, give unto”).

In a typical week, 10 to 15 songs may be up for consideration as “adds” of new songs for the station's playlist.

2006, David Baskerville, Music Business Handbook and Career Guide, page 370:

Effectiveness of their work is measured by the number of “adds” they receive on the airplay charts of major trades.

2013, Russ Hepworth-Sawyer, From Demo to Delivery:

(radio) The addition of a song to a station's playlist.


network

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *neHd-
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Germanic *natją
Proto-West Germanic *nati
Old English nett
Middle English net
English net
Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-om
Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom
Proto-Germanic *werką
Proto-West Germanic *werk
Old English weorc
Middle English werk
English work
English network
Compound of net + work; the nonliteral sense and its subsenses are extended from the literal sense; they are now the dominant senses.

etymon

filtered-popping recursive transition network

2008, Lou Schuler, "Foreward", in Nate Green, Built for Show, page xi
TV back then was five channels (three networks, PBS, and an independent station that ran I Love Lucy reruns), […]

(broadcasting) A group of affiliated television stations that broadcast common programs from a parent company.


network

en-verb

network (third-person singular simple present networks, present participle networking, simple past and past participle networked)

networks (present singular third-person)
networking (participle present)
networked (participle past)
networked (past)

(transitive, broadcasting) To broadcast across an entire network of stations and affiliates at the same time.

diffuser sur l'ensemble du réseau

to broadcast across a network of stations and affiliates


mobile station

(radio) A radio transceiver installed in a vehicle.


feature

→ German: Feature

→ Polish: ficzer

→ Ukrainian: фі́ча (fíča)

From Middle English feture, from Anglo-Norman feture, from Old French faiture, from Latin factūra, from Latin factus, from Latin faciō (“do, make”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”). Doublet of facture.

feature

(media) A long, prominent article or item in the media, or the department that creates them; frequently used technically to distinguish content from news.


industrial

en-noun

industrial (countable and uncountable, plural industrials)

Actor, director, and producer for three decades offers coaching and directing in scenes, improves, cold copy, script analysis, commercials, voice-overs, industrials, film, and stage.

2012, Stuart J. Scesney, How to Enter the Business of Commercial Modeling and Acting Without Getting Ripped Off:

(film) A film made for use within an industry, not for a movie-going audience.


gag

gag (countable and uncountable, plural gags)

→ French: gag

→ Italian: gag

→ Spanish: gag

The noun is from Early Modern English gagge; the verb is from Middle English gaggen. Possibly imitative or perhaps related to or influenced by Old Norse gag-háls ("with head thrown backwards"; > Norwegian dialectal gaga (“bent backwards”)). The intransitive sense "to retch" is from 1707. The noun is from the 16th century, figurative use (for "repression of speech") from the 1620s. The secondary meaning "(practical) joke" is from 1863, of unclear origin.

gloss

"with head thrown backwards"; > Norwegian dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="no">gaga</i> (“bent backwards”)

On Hacksaw Ridge, Oliver and his team of effects artisans devised gags for that spectacular flamethrower shot along with other devastating body and bullet hits, and several mortar and full-scale explosions, all aimed at communicating the reality of battle.

2016 November 3, Ian Failes, “How the King of Practical Effects Conquered ‘Hacksaw Ridge’”, in Inverse:

(film) a device or trick used to create a practical effect; a gimmick


ID

en-noun

ID (countable and uncountable, plural IDs)

If not done at the top of the hour, however, the station ID should come at the next possible break in the programme.

2015, Simran Kohli, The Radio Jockey Hand Book, page 93:


green

en-adj

green (comparative greener, superlative greenest)

greener (comparative)
greenest (superlative)

Bislama: grin

→ Marshallese: kūriin

Tok Pisin: grin

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *grōniz
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Germanic *-į̄
Proto-West Germanic *-ī
Proto-West Germanic *grōnī
Old English grēne
Middle English grene
English green
From Middle English grene, from Old English grēne, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”). More at grow. Doublet of Gruen.
See also North Frisian green, West Frisian grien, Dutch groen, Low German grön, green, greun, German grün, Danish and Norwegian Nynorsk grøn, Swedish grön, Norwegian Bokmål grønn, Icelandic grænn.
The sense of obscene, pornographic, or sexual in the Philippines is from a calque of Spanish verde.

der

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

Following initial drying of film in a motion picture laboratory (after treatment in a hardening-fixing bath) the gelatin structure of an emulsion contracts and is permanently changed. The hardening action still continues for a time as a further small amount of residual moisture is given up. While traces of excess moisture remain, the emulsion is "green," relatively soft, […]

1947, Theatre Catalog, volume 5, page 570:

[…] attaching pre-photographed and pre-printed footage of a focusing chart to daily film footage without taking into consideration that such film may be worn or dried out and therefore, in its plane of best focus, would not be identical to that of the green film of the daily rushes.

1961, American Cinematographer, volume 42, page 618:

(film, television, historical) Of film: freshly processed by the laboratory and not yet fully physically hardened.


clapper

(cinematography) The hinged part of a clapperboard, used to synchronise images and soundtrack, or the clapperboard itself.


musical

musical (nominative singular)
musicale (nominative plural)
musicalu (genitive singular)
musicali (genitive plural)
musicalowi (dative singular)
musicalom (dative plural)
musical (accusative singular)
musicale (accusative plural)
musicalem (instrumental singular)
musicalami (instrumental plural)
musicalu (locative singular)
musicalach (locative plural)
musicalu (singular vocative)
musicale (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English musical, from Middle English musical, from Old French, from Medieval Latin mūsicālis, from Latin mūsica + -ālis.

ubor

(film, music, theater) musical (stage performance, show or film)


thirty

thirties (plural)
threety (alternative)
thirtie (alternative)
XXX (alternative)

From Middle English thirty, metathetic alternant of Middle English thriti, þrittiȝ, from Old English þrītiġ (“thirty”), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz tigiwiz (“thirty”, literally “three tens”), equivalent to three + -ty. Cognate with Scots therty, tretty (“thirty”), West Frisian tritich (“thirty”), Dutch dertig (“thirty”), German dreißig (“thirty”).

inh

[…] instead of thirties [thirty-second commercials], they buy sixties, which cost twice as much. They spend more on filming it than they need to; they buy a lot of ads that are garbage and don't really say anything, just to fill up the space.

2014, Jules Witcover, No Way to Pick a President:

(broadcasting) A commercial lasting 30 seconds.


sixty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-sixty.wav

From Middle English sixty, sexty, Old English sixtiġ, from Proto-Germanic *sehs tigiwiz (“sixty”), equivalent to six + -ty. Cognate with Scots sexty, saxty (“sixty”), Saterland Frisian säkstich (“sixty”), West Frisian sechstich (“sixty”), Dutch zestig (“sixty”), German Low German sesstig (“sixty”), German sechzig (“sixty”), Swedish sextio (“sixty”), Norwegian seksti (“sixty”), Icelandic sextíu (“sixty”). Compare also Sanskrit षष्टि (ṣaṣṭi).

(broadcasting) A commercial lasting 60 seconds.


el

(intransitive, drama) exit, exeunt; he/she leaves or they leave the scene or stage (stage direction for an actor or multiple actors)


affirmative

/əˈfɜːmətɪv/

From Middle English affirmative, affirmatyve, from Old French affirmatif, from Latin affirmativus, from affirmare (“to assert”).

(military, especially radio communications) Yes; true; correct.


bird

en-verb

bird (third-person singular simple present birds, present participle birding, simple past and past participle birded)

birds (present singular third-person)
birding (participle present)
birded (participle past)
birded (past)

From Middle English bird, brid, from Old English bridd (“chick, fledgling, chicken”), of uncertain origin (see Old English bridd for more). Originally from a term used of birds that could not fly (chicks, fledglings, chickens) as opposed to the general Old English term for flying birds, fugol (modern fowl). Gradually replaced fowl as the most common term starting in the 14th century.
The "booing/jeering" and "vulgar hand gesture" senses derived from the expression “to give the big bird”, as in “to hiss someone like a goose”, dated in the mid‐18th century.

inh

Unless the TV crew has its own flyaway, the locals can still defeat a story they couldn't prevent reporters from covering by cutting it off at the pass, when it is being birded through their facilities.

1995, David D. Pearce, Wary Partners: Diplomats and the Media, page 43:

After being sent by fast car to Tel Aviv the cassettes would be 'birded' by satellite to the USA and London.

2012, Yoel Cohen, Media Diplomacy, page 127:

(transitive, television) To transmit via satellite.


finger

Sranan Tongo: finga

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English fynger, finger, from Old English finger (“finger”), from Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz (“finger”), from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷrós, from *pénkʷe (“five”). Compare West Frisian finger, Low German/German Finger, Dutch vinger, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish finger; also Old Armenian հինգեր-որդ (hinger-ord, “fifth”). More at five.

sormi

something similar in function to a finger

(radio) Any of the individual receivers used in a rake receiver to decode signal components.


hack

Abbreviation of hackney (“an ordinary horse”), probably from place name Hackney.

Dason is nothing but a two-bit hack.

He's nothing but the typical hack writer.

(derogatory, authorship) An untalented writer.


ours

Haitian Creole: ous

Louisiana Creole: lours, lous

Mauritian Creole: lours, lurs

Seychellois Creole: lours

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *orssos
Latin ursus
Old French urs
Middle French ours
French ours
Inherited from Middle French ours, from Old French urs, from Latin ursus, from Proto-Italic *orssos.
The Early Modern French pronunciation was /uʁ/ before consonants, /uʁz/ before vowels, and /uʁs/ in pausa. For the most part, the pausal pronunciations were eventually lost, but in some cases they were re-established as the basic form (reinforced in part by the spelling, in part by related words; in this case perhaps the feminine ourse).

etymon

il ne faut pas vendre la peau de l'ours avant de l'avoir tué


jump

Brill Publishers
hydraulic jump
jump cut
jump discontinuity
jump instruction

From Middle English jumpen (“to walk quickly, run, jump”), probably of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gumpōną ~ *gumbōną (“to hop, skip, bounce”), an iterative verb. The OED suggests an imitative origin. Related to jumble. In the sense “to propel oneself” it displaced leap partially and spring largely.
Cognates
Cognate with German Low German jumpen (“to jump”), archaic German gumpen (“to jump, hop, bounce”), dialectal German gampen (“to hop”), Alemannic German gumpe (“to leap, jump”), Walser dialect kumpu, Old Norse gopta (“to jump; make jump”) Danish gumpe (“to jolt”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump”), Danish gimpe (“to move up and down”), Middle English jumpren, jumbren (“to mix, jumble”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


remote

From Middle English remote, from Old French remot, masculine, remote, feminine, from Latin remotus, past participle of removere (“to remove”), from re- + movere (“to move”).

(broadcasting) An element of broadcast programming originating away from the station's or show's control room.


atmosphere

en-noun

atmosphere (countable and uncountable, plural atmospheres)

atmospheres (plural)
atmosphære (alternative archaic)

/ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/

Borrowed from French atmosphère, from New Latin atmosphaera, from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “steam”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”); corresponding to atmo- + -sphere.

you could cut the atmosphere with a knife

Central Casting is in the business of extras, also known as atmosphere or background actors […]

2006, Los Angeles Magazine, volume 51, number 2, page 100:

"It is estimated conservatively that there are some 50,000 would-be film extras in and around the celluloid capital, persons who would jump at the opportunity to appear as atmosphere in pictures," Scott concluded.

2013, Kerry Segrave, Extras of Early Hollywood: A History of the Crowd, 1913-1945, page 38:

By the way, I discovered that we were not extras but background, as far as the director was concerned; and for the producer, we were atmosphere.

2015, William R. Phillippe, The Pastor's Diary:

(television, film, uncountable) Extras in a scene who have no spoken lines.

массо́вка

extras in a scene who have no spoken lines


turtle

Modification of Middle English tortou, tortu, from Old French tortüe (under the influence of Middle English turtel, turtur (“turtledove”), see Etymology 2 below), from Medieval Latin tortuca (compare Spanish tortuga), the same source of tortoise (see there for more). Displaced native Old English byrdling.

Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television
Using an appropriate turtle allows the full range of pan and tilt adjustments on the luminaire and avoids possible heat damage to floor coverings.

(television) A low stand for a lamp etc.


lavender

lavender (countable and uncountable, plural lavenders)

From Middle English lavendre, from Anglo-Norman lavendre (French lavande), from Medieval Latin lavendula, possibly from Latin lividus (“bluish”), but influenced by lavō (“wash”) due to use of lavender in washing clothes.

(film, historical, uncountable) A kind of film stock for creating positive prints from negatives as part of the process of duplicating the negatives.


slate

slate (countable and uncountable, plural slates)

From Middle English slate, slat, slatte, sclate, sclatte, from Old French esclate, from esclat (French éclat), from Old French esclater (“to break, shatter”), from Frankish *slaitijan (“to split, break”), from Proto-Germanic *slaitijaną, causative of *slītaną (“to cut up, split”). Doublet of éclat.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-slate.wav


slate

en-verb

slate (third-person singular simple present slates, present participle slating, simple past and past participle slated)

slates (present singular third-person)
slating (participle present)
slated (participle past)
slated (past)

From Middle English slatten, sclatten, from the noun (see above).

Why You Want to Slate your Shots

2013, Rick Smith, Kim Miller, Shoot to Sell: Make Money Producing Special Interest Videos:

(transitive, film) To record a synchronization mark using a clapperboard.


gun

Sranan Tongo: gon

From Middle English gunne, gonne, possibly from Gunnhild, a female given name formerly used as a nickname for engines of war. The name is composed of the Norse elements gunnr and hildr, both meaning "battle".

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

you get more with a kind word and a gun than you do with a kind word alone

The problem is figuring out how to get the electrons from the red gun to hit only the red phosphors, the electrons from the blue gun to hit only the blue phosphors, and so on.

2012, Brand Fortner, Theodore E. Meyer, Number by Colors, page 202:


replica

→ Crimean Tatar: replika

→ Dutch: replica

→ English: replica

→ Finnish: replika

→ French: réplique (see there for further descendants)

→ Polish: replika

→ Romanian: replică

→ Serbo-Croatian: rèplika

→ Turkish: replika


AC

ACs (plural)
a.c. (alternative)
A/C (alternative)
a/c (alternative)
A.C. (alternative)
a.c. (alternative)
ac (alternative)
A.C. (alternative)
A.C. (alternative)
A. C. (alternative)
a.c. (alternative)

adult contemporary
adult contemporary#English

(music, radio) Initialism of adult contemporary (a radio format).


hammock

hammock (third-person singular simple present hammocks, present participle hammocking, simple past and past participle hammocked)

hammocks (present singular third-person)
hammocking (participle present)
hammocked (participle past)
hammocked (past)

Borrowed from Spanish hamaca, from Taíno *hamaka (compare Lokono hamaka, Wayuu jama'a), from Proto-Arawak *hamaka. Columbus, in the narrative of his first voyage, says: “A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they sleep.”

(transitive, broadcasting) To schedule (a new or unpopular programme) between two popular ones in the hope that viewers will watch it.


MA

en-noun

MA (countable and uncountable, plural MAs)

(US, television) Initialism of mature audience, a television rating.


MS

MS (countable and uncountable, plural MSes)

(broadcasting) Initialism of medium shot.


RR

Radio Rumantsch
Radio Rumantsch#Romansch

(broadcasting) initialism of Radio Rumantsch, the Swiss-Romansch radio station


beat

→ Pennsylvania German: biede

From Middle English beten, from Old English bēatan (“to beat, pound, strike, lash, dash, thrust, hurt, injure”), from Proto-West Germanic *bautan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to push, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to hit, strike”).
Compare Old Irish fo·botha (“he threatened”), Latin confutō (“to strike down”), fūstis (“stick, club”), Albanian bahe (“sling”), Lithuanian baudžiù, Old Armenian բութ (butʻ)).

der

march to the beat of a different drummer

(authorship) A short pause in a play, screenplay, or teleplay, for dramatic or comedic effect.


NU

(chiefly acting) Initialism of nonunion.


ML

en-noun

ML (countable and uncountable, plural MLs)

(slang, manga, anime) Abbreviation of male lead.


PU

PU (countable and uncountable, plural PUs)

PUs (plural)
P.U. (alternative)
P. U. (alternative)


bite

bite (countable and uncountable, plural bites)

Sranan Tongo: beti

From Middle English biten, from Old English bītan (“bite”), from Proto-West Germanic *bītan, from Proto-Germanic *bītaną (“bite”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“split”).
Cognates include Saterland Frisian biete (“bite”), West Frisian bite (“bite”), Dutch bijten (“bite”), German Low German bieten (“bite”), German beißen, beissen (“bite”), Danish bide (“bite”), Swedish bita (“bite”), Norwegian Bokmål bite (“bite”), Norwegian Nynorsk bita (“bite”), Icelandic bíta (“bite”), Gothic 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan, “bite”), Latin findō (“split”), Ancient Greek φείδομαι (pheídomai), Sanskrit भिद् (bhid, “break”).

cold open: Starting a TV newscast with video or a bite from the lead story rather than starting with the anchor or the standard show open.

2015, Robert A. Papper, Broadcast News and Writing Stylebook:


FL

FLs (plural)
effell (alternative)
Fl (alternative)

(slang, manga, anime) Abbreviation of female lead.


SD

standard definition
standard definition#English

(television) Initialism of standard definition (“typically 640×480 pixels”).


TX

(broadcasting) Abbreviation of transmission.


VA

V.A. (alternative)
V. A. (alternative)
va (alternative)
v.a. (alternative)
v. a. (alternative)

(initialism, film) "version anglaise" — English-language version (EV); a film dubbed in English


voice

en-verb

voice (third-person singular simple present voices, present participle voicing, simple past and past participle voiced)

voices (present singular third-person)
voicing (participle present)
voiced (participle past)
voiced (past)
voyce (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English voysen, voicen, from the noun (see above).

The openly ridiculous plot has The Pirate Captain (Hugh Grant) scheming to win the Pirate Of The Year competition, even though he’s a terrible pirate, far outclassed by rivals voiced by Jeremy Piven and Salma Hayek.

2012 April 26, Tasha Robinson, “Film: Reviews: The Pirates! Band Of Misfits :”, in The Onion AV Club:

(television, film) To act as a voice actor to portray a character.


gaffer

From gaff (“hook”) + -er.
* (cinema): The natural lighting on early film sets was adjusted by opening and closing flaps in the tent cloths, called gaff cloths or gaff flaps.
* (glass)

(film) A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production.


pizza

→ Albanian: picë

→ Arabic: بِيتْزَا (bītzā)

⇒? Armenian: պիցցա (picʻcʻa)

→ Belarusian: пі́ца (píca)

→ Bulgarian: пи́ца (píca)

→ Burmese: ပီဇာ (pija)

→ Catalan: pizza

→? Chinese: 比薩 /比萨 (bǐsà)

→ Czech: pizza

→ Danish: pizza

→ Dutch: pizza

→ Estonian: pitsa

→ French: pizza

→ German: Pizza

→ Greek: πίτσα (pítsa)

desc

→ Hebrew: פִּיצָה

→ Hebrew: פִּיצָה

→ Hungarian: pizza

→ Icelandic: pitsa

→ Indonesian: piza

→ Irish: píotsa

→ Japanese: ピザ

→ Khmer: ភីហ្សា (phiizaa)

→ Korean: 피자 (pija)

→ Latvian: pica

→ Lithuanian: picà

→ Macedonian: пица (pica)

→? Maltese: pizza

→ Norwegian Bokmål: pizza

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: pizza

→ Polish: pizza

→ Portuguese: pizza

→ Romanian: pizza

→ Russian: пи́цца (pícca) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏ца

Latin script: pȉca

→ Slovak: pizza

→ Slovene: pīca

→ Spanish: pizza

→ Swedish: pizza

→ Turkish: pizza

→ Turkmen: pissa

→ Ukrainian: пі́ца (píca)

1590, as Neapolitan pizza (Velardiniello, La storia de cient'anne arreto). Likely related to Byzantine Greek πίτα (píta, “cake, pie”) (12th century);
the origin of the Greek word is itself uncertain. Also possibly from Lombardic bizzo.


slug

Nicoline van der Sijs
Slug (disambiguation)

Originally referred to a slow, lazy person, from Middle English slugge (“lazy person", also "sloth, slothfulness”), probably of either Old English or Old Norse origin; compare Norn slug (“lazy, slothful, sluggish”), dialectal Norwegian slugg (“a large, heavy body”), sluggje (“heavy, slow person”), Danish slog (“rascal, rogue”); perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sliǵ-ōn, from *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”) or otherwise from the root of Old Norse slókr (“lazy person, oaf”), whence Icelandic slókur (“laziness”). Compare also Dutch slak (“snail, slug”). Doublet of slotch.

inh

(television editing) A black screen used to separate broadcast items.


trail

→ German: Trail

→ Russian: трейл (trejl)

From Middle English trailen, from Old French trailler (“to tow; pick up the scent of a quarry”), from Vulgar Latin *tragulāre (“to drag”), from Latin tragula (“dragnet, javelin thrown by a strap”), probably related to Latin trahere (“to pull, drag along”).

der

(television) A trailer broadcast on television for a forthcoming film or programme.


traffic

en-noun

traffic (usually uncountable, plural traffics)

traffics (plural)
traffick (alternative)
traffique (alternative)

From Middle French trafique, traffique (“traffic”), from Italian traffico (“traffic”) from trafficare (“to carry on trade”). Potentially from Vulgar Latin *trānsfrīcāre (“to rub across”); Klein instead suggests the Italian has ultimate origin in Arabic تَفْرِيق (tafrīq, “distribution, dispersion”), reshaped to match the native prefix tra- (“trans-”).
The adjectival sense is possibly influenced by Tagalog trapik and follows a general trend in Philippine English to construct a noun from an adjective.

trafik

pedestrians or vehicles on roads or on the air

Vakea

The exchange or flux of information, messages or data, as in a computer or telephone network.

(radio) Of CB radio, formal written messages relayed on behalf of others.


exit

From Middle English exit, from Latin exitus (“departure, going out; way by which one may go out, egress; (figuratively) conclusion, termination; (figuratively) death; income, revenue”), from exeō (“to depart, exit; to avoid, evade; (figuratively) to escape; of time: to expire, run out”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). Exeō is derived from ex- (prefix meaning ‘out, away’) + eō (“to go”) (ultimately from ). The English word is cognate with Italian esito, Portuguese êxito, Spanish éxito. Doublet of ejido and exitus.
The verb is derived from the noun.

ikje

action of going out or going away, or leaving — see also departure

All the world's a ſtage, / And all the men and women, meerely Players; / They haue their Exits and their Entrances, / And one man in his time playes many parts, / His Acts being ſeuen ages.

c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii], page 194, column 1:

Why do directors assume that exits and entrances need not be rehearsed?

1968, Leon C. Miller, “Blocking the Play”, in How to Direct the High School Play, Chicago, Ill.: The Dramatic Publishing Company, →OCLC, pages 39 and 43:

An act of going out or going away, or leaving; a departure.

(specifically, drama) The action of an actor leaving a scene or the stage.


exit

Borrowed from Latin exit, the third-person singular present active indicative of exeō (“to depart, exit; to avoid, evade; (figuratively) to escape; of time: to expire, run out”); see further at etymology 1 above.

I take no mony, but good vvords, raile not if I tell true, if I do not reuenge. Farevvell. Exit Bom[bie].

c. 1590 (date written), [John Lyly], Mother Bombie. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Thomas Creede, for Cuthbert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC, Act III, scene iv, signature [E4], verso:

A ſauage clamor? / Well may I get a-boord: This is the Chace, / I am gone for euer. / Exit purſued by a Beare.

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 288, column 2:

Agnes exit rapidly, and Ravenſburg is partly perſuaded, and partly forced off, by the Prince Palatine. END OF ACT I.

1810 July, Frederic Reynolds, “The Free Knights; or The Edict of Charlemagne. A Drama, in Three Acts, Interspersed with Music; as Performed at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden.”, in The Jersey Magazine; or Monthly Recorder, volume II, number 7, Jersey: Printed and published by J. Stead, →OCLC, act I, scene iii, page 325, column 1:

(intransitive, drama, also figuratively) Used as a stage direction for an actor: to leave the scene or stage.

el

used as a stage direction for an actor: to leave the scene or stage


ad lib

ad libs (plural)
ad lib. (alternative adverb)
ad-lib (alternative noun verb)
adlib (alternative noun verb)

Abbreviation of ad libitum, borrowed from New Latin ad libitum.

(acting) An instance of something improvised, especially a line.


vocal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-vocal.wav

Late Middle English vocal, borrowed from Latin vōcālis (“uttering a voice, sounding, speaking”), from vōx (“a voice, sound, tone”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of vowel and vocalis. Compare Old French vocal.

af

(music) A part of a piece of music that is sung.

(acting) A musical performance involving singing.


lead

en-noun

lead (countable and uncountable, plural leads)

leads (plural)
lede (alternative obsolete)
leed (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English leden, from Old English lǣdan (“to lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną (“to cause one to go, lead”), causative of Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to leave, die”).
Cognate with West Frisian liede (“to lead”), Dutch leiden (“to lead”), German leiten (“to lead”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål lede (“to lead”), Norwegian Nynorsk leia (“to lead”), Swedish leda (“to lead”). Related to Old English līþan (“to go, travel”).

der

"You make moving pictures. In jungles and places." "That's me. And I've picked you for the lead in my next picture."

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 43:

(acting, theater) The main role in a play or film; the lead role.

(acting) The actor who plays the main role; lead actor.


blow

From Middle English blowe, blaw, northern variant of blēwe, from Proto-Germanic *blewwaną (“to beat”) (compare Old Norse blegði (“wedge”), German einbläuen, Middle Dutch blouwen). Related to block.

The blow is important because it transitions the reader and eventually the audience from one scene to another.

2014, Martie Cook, Write to TV: Out of Your Head and onto the Screen, page 105:

(television) Synonym of button (“the punchy or suspenseful line of dialogue that concludes a scene”).


cut

en-verb

cut (third-person singular simple present cuts, present participle cutting, simple past cut or (nonstandard) cutted, past participle cut or (archaic) cutten)

cuts (present singular third-person)
cutting (participle present)
cut (past)
cutted (nonstandard past)
cut (participle past)
cutten (archaic participle past)

From Middle English cutten, kitten, kytten, ketten (“to cut”) (compare Scots kut, kit (“to cut”)), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse *kytja, *kutta, from Proto-Germanic *kutjaną, *kuttaną (“to cut”), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *kwetwą (“meat, flesh”) (compare Old Norse kvett (“meat”)). Akin to Middle Swedish kotta (“to cut or carve with a knife”) (compare dialectal Swedish kåta, kuta (“to cut or chip with a knife”), Swedish kuta, kytti (“a knife”)), Norwegian Bokmål kutte (“to cut”), Norwegian Nynorsk kutte (“to cut”), Icelandic kuta (“to cut with a knife”), Old Norse kuti (“small knife”), Norwegian kyttel, kytel, kjutul (“pointed slip of wood used to strip bark”). Displaced native Middle English snithen (from Old English snīþan; compare German schneiden), which still survives in some dialects as snithe or snead. See snide. Adjective sense of "drunk" (now rare and now usually used in the originally jocular derivative form of half-cut) dates from the 17th century, from cut in the leg, to have cut your leg, euphemism for being very drunk.

tondi

to cut out fabric to specific lengths and shapes to make clothes

klippa bort

remove a portion during editing of a tape

cut the ground from under someone's feet

one's stomach thinks one's throat has been cut

The camera then cut to the woman on the front row who was clearly overcome and crying tears of joy.

(intransitive, film) To make an abrupt transition from one scene or image to another.

(transitive, film) To edit a film by selecting takes from original footage.


cut

en-noun

cut (countable and uncountable, plural cuts)

leikkaus

notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or digging

The director asked the cast to note down the following cuts.

en:any result of cutting, literally or figuratively

(literal, figurative) The result of cutting.

(especially theater, film) A passage omitted or to be omitted from a play, movie script, speech, etc.

the director's cut

(film) A particular version or edit of a film.

The result of cutting.
A particular version or edit of a film.

versio

cinema: particular version or edit of a film


cut

Near-synonym: scene!

(film and television) An instruction to cease recording.


cut

(film and television) An instruction to cease recording


canal

From Old Galician-Portuguese canal, from Latin canālis (“canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). This form may possibly be an early borrowing or semi-learned term; compare the fully inherited doublet cale, and related calha.

(radio) channel (broadcasting: specific radio frequency or band of frequencies)


actor

ca-noun

actor m (plural actors, feminine actriu)


actor

ro-noun

actor m (plural actori, feminine equivalent actriță or actoriță)

actori (plural)
equivalent actriță (feminine)
actoriță (feminine)
actor (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
actorul (accusative definite nominative singular)
actori (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
actorii (accusative definite nominative plural)
actor (indefinite singular)
actorului (definite singular)
actori (indefinite plural)
actorilor (definite plural)
actorule (singular vocative)
actorilor (plural vocative)
aftor (alternative dated)

Borrowed from French acteur, Latin āctor.


actor

actorion (plural)
actor
hactor (prothesis-h)


cable

Recorded since c.1205 as Middle English cable, from Old Northern French cable, from Late Latin capulum (“lasso, rope, halter”), from Latin capiō (“to take, seize”). Use of the term "cable" to refer to the USD/GBP exchange rate originated in the mid-19th century, when the exchange rate began to be transmitted across the Atlantic by a submarine communications cable.

կաբելային

communications system with coaxial or fiber optic

cable television
cable television#English

(communication) A system for transmitting television or Internet services over a network of coaxial or fibreoptic cables.

(television) Ellipsis of cable television, broadcast over the above network, not by antenna.


bug

bugs (plural)
bugg (alternative obsolete)

First attested in this form around 1620 (referring to a “bedbug”), from earlier bugge (“beetle”), from Middle English bugge (“scarecrow, hobgoblin”) which is traced alternatively to:
* a Celtic root found in Scots bogill (“goblin, bugbear”) and obsolete Welsh bwg (“ghost, hobgoblin”); compare Welsh bwgwl (“threat, fear”) and Isthmus Mixe bocanách (“supernatural being”).
* Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”); compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge (“goblin, snot”).
* or to a word related to buck and originally referring to a goat-shaped spectre.
For the “insect” meaning the assonance with Middle English budde (“beetle”), from Old English budda, from Proto-Germanic *buddô, *buzdô, from the same ultimate source as above, might have played a role. Compare Low German Budde (“louse, grub”), Norwegian budda (“newborn domestic animal”)). More at bud. But ultimately this convergence of meaning doesn't prove a conflation of the two terms, they might have existed parallely since PIE times with similar meanings, even if unnoticed by literary sources.
The term is used to refer to technical errors and problems at least as early as the 19th century, predating the commonly known story of a moth being caught in a computer.

cog

given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow

Channel 4's bug distracted Jim from his favorite show.

The score bug displays the current football score over the ongoing match.

(television) A small, usually transparent or translucent image placed in a corner of a television program to identify the broadcasting network or cable channel.

logo

a small image placed in a corner of a television program


business

en-noun

business (countable and uncountable, plural businesses)

businesses (plural)
biz (alternative clipping)
bisoness (alternative obsolete)
businesse (alternative obsolete)
busynesse (alternative obsolete)
bizness (alternative African-American-Vernacular-English pronunciation-spelling)
bidness (alternative African-American-Vernacular-English Southern pronunciation-spelling)

Tok Pisin: bisnis

→ Albanian: biznes

→ Belarusian: бі́знэс (bíznes)

→ Bulgarian: би́знес (bíznes)

→ Czech: business, byznys

→ Dutch: business

→ Indonesian: bisnis, bisnes

→ Faroese: besnissaður

→ Finnish: bisnes, business

→ French: business

→ Haitian Creole: biznis

→ Italian: business

→ Japanese: ビジネス (bijinesu)

→ Jersey Dutch: bääznäs

→ Marshallese: peejnej

→ Moroccan Arabic: بزناس (biznās)

desc

→ Newar: बनय्ज्या (banêjyā), बनेज्या (banejyā)

→ Pennsylvania German: Bisniss

→ Polish: biznes

→ Romanian: bișniță

desctree

→ Russian: би́знес (bíznes), би́знесъ (bíznɛs) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: բիզնես (biznes)
→ Yakut: биисинэс (biisines)

→ Slovak: biznis

→ Spanish: bisnes, bisne

→ Tatar: business

→ Ukrainian: бі́знес (bíznes)

→ Welsh: busnes

From Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”), equivalent to busy + -ness. Doublet of busyness.

business

action carried out with a prop or piece of clothing

business in the front, party in the back

The business with the hat is a fine example of the difficulty of distinguishing between 'natural' and 'formal' acting.

1983, Peter Thomson, Shakespeare's Theatre, →ISBN, page 155:

(acting, theater) Ellipsis of stage business (“aspect of acting”).


card

en-noun

card (countable and uncountable, plural cards)

→ Bengali: কার্ড (karḍo)

→ Burmese: ကတ် (kat)

→ Chinese: 卡 (kǎ)

→ Gujarati: કાર્ડ (kārḍ)

→ Hausa: kati

→ Hindi: कार्ड (kārḍ)

→ Italian: card

→ Japanese: カード (kādo)

→ Korean: 카드 (kadeu)

→ Malay: kad

→ Pashto: کارډ (kārḍ)

Pitcairn-Norfolk: kaad

→ Sinhalese: කාඩ් (kāḍ)

→ Swahili: kadi

→ Tagalog: kard

→ Urdu: کارڈ (kārḍ)

From Middle English carde (“playing card”), from Old French carte, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “paper, papyrus”). Doublet of chart.

der

(television) A title card or intertitle: a piece of filmed, printed text edited into the midst of the photographed action at various points, generally to convey character dialogue or descriptive narrative material related to the plot.


bubble

Partly imitative, also influenced by burble. Compare Middle Dutch bobbe (“bubble”) > Dutch bubbel (“bubble”), Low German bubbel (“bubble”), Danish boble (“bubble”), Swedish bubbla (“bubble”). The word was first used in its economic sense in association with the collapse of the South Sea Company in 1720, based on the metaphor of an inflated soap bubble bursting.

onom

imitative

A bare lamp (bulb, globe, 'bubble') radiates light in all directions.

2013, Gerald Millerson, Lighting for TV and Film, page 296:

(television, slang) A bulb or lamp; the part of a lighting assembly that actually produces the light.


button

→ German: Button

→ Hindi: बटन (baṭan)

→ Gujarati: બટન (baṭan)

→ Korean: 버튼 (beoteun)

→ Maori: pātene

→ Marathi: बटण (baṭaṇ)

→ Urdu: بَٹَن (baṭan)

From Middle English boton, botoun, from Old French boton (Modern French bouton), from Old French bouter, boter (“to push; thrust”), ultimately from a Germanic language. Doublet of Biden and beat. More at butt.

One thing you definitely don't want to do is write past the button. For example, a scene's natural button might run something like this:
TONY: That kind of talk is exactly what I'm talking about.
Whereas an example of writing past the button would sound something like this:
TONY: That kind of talk is exactly what I'm talking about.
CARMELLA: Okay. 'Bye.
TONY: Bye.

2006, David Kukoff, Vault Guide to Television Writing Careers, page 77:

(television) The punchy or suspenseful line of dialogue that concludes a scene.


recast

en-verb

recast (third-person singular simple present recasts, present participle recasting, simple past and past participle recast)

recasts (present singular third-person)
recasting (participle present)
recast (participle past)
recast (past)

According to As the World Turns producer, Michael Laibson, the decision was made to recast the role, because the producers and writers felt it would annoy the audience to have Betsy discontinued so soon after her long-delayed marriage […]

2002, Robert C. Allen, To Be Continued...: Soap Operas Around the World, Routledge, →ISBN, page 153:

(transitive, film, theater) To assign (roles in a play or performance) to different actors.

She was recast as the villain.

(transitive, film, theater) To assign (actors) to different roles.


remake

Le duel qui se rejoue dimanche 24 avril entre les deux finalistes du scrutin de 2017 ne saurait être un simple remake.

2022 April 23, Patrick Roger, “Présidentielle 2022 : les clés de lecture avant le second tour entre Emmanuel Macron et Marine Le Pen”, in Le Monde.fr:

The rematch between the two finalists in the 2017 election that will take place on Sunday 24 April cannot be a simple repeat of last time.


remake

remake (nominative singular)
remaki (nominative plural)
remake'u (genitive singular)
remake'ów (genitive plural)
remake'owi (dative singular)
remake'om (dative plural)
remake (accusative singular)
remaki (accusative plural)
remakiem (instrumental singular)
remake'ami (instrumental plural)
remake'u (locative singular)
remake'ach (locative plural)
remake'u (singular vocative)
remaki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English remake.


ride

ride (third-person singular simple present rides, present participle riding, simple past rode or (obsolete) rade or (obsolete) rid, past participle ridden or (now colloquial and nonstandard) rode)

rides (present singular third-person)
riding (participle present)
rode (past)
rade (obsolete past)
rid (obsolete past)
ridden (participle past)
rode (colloquial nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English riden, from Old English rīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīdan, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreydʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-.
Cognates
From Proto-Germanic: North Frisian ride (“to ride”), Saterland Frisian riede (“to ride”), West Frisian ride (“to ride”), Low German rieden (“to ride”), Dutch rijden (“to ride”), German reiten (“to ride”), Danish ride (“to ride”), Swedish rida (“to ride”).
From Indo-European: Welsh rhwyddhau (“to hurry”).

set a beggar on horseback and he'll ride to the Devil

vocal riding

The board operator normally watches the meter scale marked for modulation percentage, riding the gain to bring volume peaks into the 85% to 100% range.

2006, Simran Kohli, Radio Jockey Handbook:

“You don't want them riding the volume knob, so that's why you learn how to do your levels properly to make the whole thing transparent for the listener. […]

2017, Michael O'Connell, Turn Up the Volume: A Down and Dirty Guide to Podcasting, page 22:

(radio, television, transitive) To monitor (some component of an audiovisual signal) in order to keep it within acceptable bounds.


shoot

shoot (third-person singular simple present shoots, present participle shooting, simple past shot, past participle shot or (rare) shotten)

shoots (present singular third-person)
shooting (participle present)
shot (past)
shot (participle past)
shotten (participle past rare)
shoot (infinitive)
shoot (first-person present singular)
shot (first-person past singular)
shooted (archaic first-person past singular)
shoot (present second-person singular)
shootest (archaic present second-person singular)
shot (past second-person singular)
shooted (archaic past second-person singular)
shootedst (archaic past second-person singular)
shoots (present singular third-person)
shooteth (archaic present singular third-person)
shot (past singular third-person)
shooted (archaic past singular third-person)
shoot (plural present)
shot (past plural)
shooted (archaic past plural)
shoot (present subjunctive)
shot (past subjunctive)
shooted (archaic past subjunctive)
shoot (imperative present)
shooting (participle present)
shot (participle past)
shooted (archaic participle past)
shotten (archaic participle past)

→ Catalan: xut

→ Greek: σουτ (sout)

→ Hijazi Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ North Levantine Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ Persian: شوت (šut)

desc

→ Portuguese: chuto, chute (Brazil), chutar

→ Romanian: șut

→ Vietnamese: sút

From Middle English shoten, from Old English scēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwd-e-ti, from *(s)kewd- (“to shoot, throw”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sjitte, Low German scheten, Dutch schieten, German schießen, Danish skyde, Norwegian Bokmål skyte, Norwegian Nynorsk skyta, Swedish skjuta; and also, through Indo-European, with Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Albanian hedh (“to throw, toss”), Persian چست (čost, “quick, active”), Lithuanian skudrùs.

(+ partitive object when injuring or genitive object when killing) ampua

when the looting starts, the shooting starts

The film was mostly shot in France.

(transitive, intransitive, analogous, film, television) To film.


shot

en-noun

shot (countable and uncountable, plural shots)

→ Dutch: shot

→ French: shot

→ Macedonian: шот (šot)

→ Malay: syot

→ Polish: shot

→ Portuguese: shot

→ Russian: шот (šot)

→ Spanish: shot

→ Swedish: shot

→ Ukrainian: шот (šot)

From Old English sceot, from Proto-Germanic *skutą; compare the doublet scot.

you miss 100% of the shots you don't take

We got a good shot of the hummingbirds mating.

Even if everyone else is taking close-up shots of the crumpled body of a rock climber who fell to his death, and your photographer did too, maybe you don't feel the need to air that shot.

2004, Robert Thompson, Cindy Malone, The Broadcast Journalism Handbook: A Television News Survival Guide, →ISBN, page 4:

On arrival at Birmingham New Street, I make my way upstairs to the mezzanine to get shots of an almost deserted concourse, polka-dotted with social distancing circles like some strange board-game.

2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 68:

(photography, film) A single snapshot or an unbroken sequence of photographic film exposures, or the digital equivalent; an unedited sequence of frames.

لَقْطَة

photography: single unbroken sequence of photographic exposures


shot

nl-noun

shot n or m (plural shots, diminutive shotje n)

shots (plural)
shotje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English shot. Doublet of schot.

(film, photography) shot (sequence of frames)


speed

From Middle English spede (“prosperity, good luck, quickness, success”), from Old English spēd (“success”), from Proto-West Germanic *spōdi (“prosperity, success”), from Proto-West Germanic *spōan, from Proto-Germanic *spōaną (“to prosper, succeed, be happy”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, turn out well”). Cognate with Scots spede, speid (“success, quickness, speed”), Dutch spoed (“haste; speed”), German Low German Spood (“haste; speed; eagerness; success”), German Sput (“progress, acceleration, haste”). Related also to Old English spōwan (“to be successful, succeed”), Albanian shpejt (“to speed, to hurry”) and Russian спеши́ть (spešítʹ, “to hurry”), Latin spēs (“hope, expectation”), spērō (“hope”, verb), perhaps also to Ancient Greek σπεύδω (speúdō, “to urge on, hasten, press on”).

cog

“Speed,” Carlos, the soundman, said. […]
“Camera.”
“Rolling,” replied Bryce, the cameraman.

2000, Brian J. Hayes, A Boy Scout in Hollywood, page 30:

[…] the director called, “Roll 'em,” the sound man said, “Speed,” and Norling stepped in and said, […]

2012, Tom Mascaro, Into the Fray, page 52:

(film) Called by the soundman when the recording equipment has reached running speed and is ready to go.


tell

en-verb

tell (third-person singular simple present tells, present participle telling, simple past and past participle told or (dialectal or nonstandard) telled)

tells (present singular third-person)
telling (participle present)
told (participle past)
told (past)
telled (dialectal participle past)
telled (dialectal past)
tell (infinitive)
tell (first-person present singular)
told (first-person past singular)
tell (present second-person singular)
tellest (archaic present second-person singular)
told (past second-person singular)
toldest (archaic past second-person singular)
tells (present singular third-person)
telleth (archaic present singular third-person)
told (past singular third-person)
tell (plural present)
told (past plural)
tell (present subjunctive)
told (past subjunctive)
tell (imperative present)
telling (participle present)
told (participle past)

From Middle English tellen (“to count, tell”), from Old English tellan (“to count, tell”), from Proto-West Germanic *talljan, from Proto-Germanic *taljaną, *talzijaną (“to count, enumerate”), from Proto-Germanic *talą, *talǭ (“number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *dol- (“calculation, fraud”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian tälle (“to say; tell”), West Frisian telle (“to count”), West Frisian fertelle (“to tell, narrate”), Dutch tellen (“to count”) and Dutch vertellen (“to tell”), Low German tellen (“to count”), German zählen, Faroese telja. More at tale.

cog

don't pee on my leg and tell me it's raining

don't piss on my leg and tell me it's raining

piss on someone's leg and tell them it's raining

Maria rewrote the section of her novel that talked about Meg and Sage's friendship to have less telling and more showing.

(authorship, intransitive) To reveal information in prose through outright expository statement — contrasted with show.


round

en-adj

round (comparative rounder or more round, superlative roundest or most round)

rounder (comparative)
more round (comparative)
roundest (superlative)
most round (superlative)
around (alternative)
ron (alternative)

From Middle English round, rounde, from Old Northern French roünt, rund, Old French ront, runt, reont ( > French rond), from both Late Latin retundus and the original Latin rotundus. The noun developed partly from the adjective and partly from the corresponding French noun rond. Doublet of rotund.

pyöreä

pronounced with the mouth in the shape of an "O"

(authorship, of a fictional character) Well-written and well-characterized; complex and reminiscent of a real person.


crush

en-noun

crush (countable and uncountable, plural crushes)

From Middle English cruschen (“to crush, smash, squeeze, squash”), from Old French croissir (“to crush”), from Late Latin *crusciō (“to brush”), from Frankish *krustijan (“to crush, squeeze, squash”), from Proto-Germanic *kreustaną (“to crush, grind, strike, smash”). Cognate with Middle Low German tokrosten (“to crush, shatter”).
Akin also to Middle Dutch crosen (“to bruise, crush”), Middle Low German krossen, krȫsen (“to break, shatter”), Old Swedish krusa (“to crush”), Swedish krysta (“to squeeze”), Danish kryste (“to squash”), Icelandic kreista (“to squeeze, squash”), Faroese kroysta (“to squeeze”), Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to gnash”).

cog

black crush; white crush

(television, uncountable) The situation where certain colors are so similar as to be hard to distinguish, either as a deliberate effect or as a limitation of a display.


crush

en-verb

crush (third-person singular simple present crushes, present participle crushing, simple past and past participle crushed)

crushes (present singular third-person)
crushing (participle present)
crushed (participle past)
crushed (past)

He frames his subject in distant close-ups (we feel the distance, due mostly to the crushed perspective brought about by the telephoto lens).

2003, Michel Chion, The Films of Jacques Tati, page 78:

They realise that trajectories, space expansion and crushing are different with different lenses, whether wide angle or telephoto, and that actors' eyelines will be altered.

2010, Birgit Bräuchler, John Postill, Theorising Media and Practice, page 319:

(film, television) To give a compressed or foreshortened appearance to.

My old TV set crushes the blacks when the brightness is lowered.

(transitive, television) To make certain colors so similar as to be hard to distinguish, either as a deliberate effect or as a limitation of a display.


anchor

anchors (plural)
anchour (alternative archaic)

→ Chuukese: angko

From Middle English anker, from Old English ancor, ancra, from Latin ancora, from (or cognate with) Ancient Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkura). The modern form is a sixteenth-century modification after the Medieval Latin spelling anchora. Doublet of ancora, anker, angora, and Ankara.

doublet

Condoleezza Rice pops up on Fox to be told by the anchor: “When you invade a sovereign nation, that is a war crime.”

2022 March 17, Aditya Chakrabortty, “Western values? They enthroned the monster who is shelling Ukrainians today”, in The Guardian:

(television) An anchorman or anchorwoman.


act

en-noun

act (countable and uncountable, plural acts)

From Middle English acte, from Old French acte, from Latin ācta (“register of events”), plural of āctum (“decree, law”), from agere (“to do, to act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti. Compare German Akte (“file”). Partially displaced deed, from Old English dǣd (“act, deed”).

“H'm !” he said, “so, so—it is a tragedy in a prologue and three acts. I am going down this afternoon to see the curtain fall for the third time on what […] will prove a good burlesque ; but it all began dramatically enough. It was last Saturday […] that two boys, playing in the little spinney just outside Wembley Park Station, came across three large parcels done up in American cloth. […]”

1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Lisson Grove Mystery”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:

The pivotal moment in the play was in the first scene of the second act.

(countable, drama) A division of a theatrical performance.

գործողություն

drama: division of theatrical performance


cover

en-verb

cover (third-person singular simple present covers, present participle covering, simple past and past participle covered)

covers (present singular third-person)
covering (participle present)
covered (participle past)
covered (past)

→ German: covern

→ Danish: lave en cover

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Old Latin com
Latin cum
Latin con-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Latin operiō
Latin cooperiō
Old French covrirbor.
Middle English coveren
English cover
From Middle English coveren, borrowed from Old French covrir, cueuvrir (modern French couvrir), from Late Latin coperire, from Latin cooperiō (“I cover completely”), from co- (intensive prefix) + operiō (“I close, cover”). Displaced native Middle English thecchen and bethecchen (“to cover”) (from Old English þeccan, beþeccan (“to cover”)), Middle English helen, (over)helen, (for)helen (“to cover, conceal”) (from Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”)), Middle English wrien, (be)wreon (“to cover”) (from Old English (be)wrēon (“to cover”)), Middle English hodren, hothren (“to cover up”) (from Low German hudren (“to cover up”)).
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the original sense of the verb and noun cover was “hide from view” as in its cognate covert. Except in the limited sense of “cover again”, the word recover is unrelated and is cognate with recuperate. Cognate with Spanish cubrir (“to cover”).

cog

I wish that popular afternoon show would let us cover some of their commercials – their national stuff can be so annoying.

(transitive, broadcasting) To air or run locally originated material in place of network material during an internal spot break in a syndicated program.


effect

en-noun

effect (countable and uncountable, plural effects)

Of the noun: from Middle English effect, from Old French effect (modern French effet), from Latin effectus (“an effect, tendency, purpose”), from efficiō (“accomplish, complete, effect”); see effect as a verb. Displaced Old English fremming, fremednes from fremman.
Of the verb: from Middle English effecten, partly from Medieval Latin effectuō, from Latin effectus, perfect passive participle of efficiō (“accomplish, complete, do, effect”), from ex (“out”) + faciō (“do, make”) (see fact and compare affect, infect) and partly from the noun effect.

der

The effect of flying was most convincing.

The colored bands of color that strobe through much of the text and other visual elements are perhaps the most prototypical of all Amiga demoscene effects and, again, are a direct result of the hardware on which Megademo was created to run.

2018, Jimmy Maher, The Future Was Here: The Commodore Amiga, page 186:

(cinematography, computer graphics, demoscene) An illusion produced by technical means (as in "special effect")


flat

en-adj

flat (comparative flatter, superlative flattest)

flatter (comparative)
flattest (superlative)
flatt (alternative obsolete)
flatte (alternative obsolete)

bumpy

antonym(s) of “having no variations in altitude”

→ Portuguese: flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

The author added a chapter to flesh out the book's flatter characters.

(figurative) Lacking liveliness or action; depressed; uninteresting; dull and boring.

(authorship, figuratively, especially of a character) Lacking in depth, substance, or believability; underdeveloped; one-dimensional.


crisis

From Latin crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis, “a separating, power of distinguishing, decision, choice, election, judgment, dispute”), from κρίνω (krínō, “pick out, choose, decide, judge”).

der

(drama) A point in a drama at which a conflict reaches a peak before being resolved.


polecat

From Middle English polcat, pulkat, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Middle English *pole, *poule (“hen”), from Old French poule (“hen”) + Middle English cat. Compare English foulmart.

This is adjustable telescopic tubing, wedged securely between floor and ceiling (vertical pole) or wall-to-wall (horizontal pole), within corridors, arches, window openings, doorways, etc. It may be held in position by a strong internal spring or end-screws. Designs include polecat, varipole, barricuda, jack tube, Acrow.

1991, Gerald Millerson, The Technique of Lighting for Television and Film, page 323:

This uses a battery-operated HMI/MSR 200 W rigged on a magic arm fastened to a vertical 'pole-cat'. Check that the car roof is suitable for this application and remember to include a clean card (beer mat) between the top of the pole-cat and the car roof!

2013, Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television, page 196:

(television) A tubular device used to support lights on a set.


dialogue

en-noun

dialogue (countable and uncountable, plural dialogues)

dialogues (plural)
dialog (alternative US)

Inherited from Middle English dialog, from Old French dialoge (French dialogue), from Late Latin dialogus, from Ancient Greek διάλογος (diálogos, “conversation, discourse”), from διά (diá, “through, inter”) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, oration, discourse”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse”), from διά (diá) + λέγειν (légein, “to speak”).

der

The movie had great special effects, but the dialogue was lackluster.

In 1936, Anstey had co-directed Housing Problems, which featured direct dialogue recording - allowing the subjects of the film to speak for themselves. As Anstey said: "At the time nobody had done it, and we gave slum dwellers a chance to make their own films."

2021 March 10, Greg Morse, “Telling the railway's story on film”, in RAIL, number 926, page 42:

(authorship) In a dramatic or literary presentation, the verbal parts of the script or text; the verbalizations of the actors or characters.

حِوَار

verbal part of a literary or dramatic work


dark

en-adj

dark (comparative darker, superlative darkest)

darker (comparative)
darkest (superlative)

From Middle English derk, from Old English deorc, from Proto-West Germanic *derk (“dark”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“dim, dull”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“dull, dirty”).

donker

having an absolute or relative lack of light

the darkest hour is just before the dawn

(broadcasting, of a television station) Off the air; not transmitting.


broad

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-der.?
Proto-Germanic *braidaz
Proto-West Germanic *braid
Old English brād
Middle English brod
English broad
From Middle English brood, brode, from Old English brād (“broad, flat, open, extended, spacious, wide, ample, copious”), from Proto-West Germanic *braid, from Proto-Germanic *braidaz (“broad”), of uncertain origin.
Cognate with Scots braid (“broad”), West Frisian breed (“broad”), Saterland Frisian breed (“broad”), Low German breed (“broad”), breet, Dutch breed (“broad”), German breit (“broad, wide”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål bred (“broad”), Norwegian brei (“broad”), Icelandic breiður (“broad, wide”).

inh

[…] fresnel spotlights, old-type broads, sky-pans, cone-lights, etc.

Some broads have barn doors (see page 115) to block gross light spill into other set areas; others have even an adjustable beam, […]

1976, Herbert Zettl, Television Production Handbook, volume 10, page 105:

Light bounced from large white surfaces (e.g., matte reflector boards, or a white ceiling). Floodlights include scoops, broads, floodlight, banks, internally reflected units, strip lights, and cyclorama lights.

2015, Jim Owens, Television Production, page 194:

(film, television) A kind of floodlight.


live

en-adj

live (comparative more live, superlative most live)

more live (comparative)
most live (superlative)

The station presented a live news program every evening.

Are we live?

(broadcasting) Being broadcast ("on the air"), as it happens.

مُباشِر

(broadcasting) seen or heard from a broadcast, as it happens

(film) Featuring humans; not animated, in the phrases “live actors” or “live action”.


live

live (some technical senses)
(broadcasting) on air


live

pl-adj

live (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(broadcasting, colloquial, postpositive) live (seen or heard from a broadcast, as it happens)


live

live (nominative singular)
live'y (nominative plural)
live'a (genitive singular)
live'u (genitive singular)
live'ów (genitive plural)
live'owi (dative singular)
live'om (dative plural)
live'a (accusative singular)
live'u (accusative singular)
live'y (accusative plural)
live'em (instrumental singular)
live'ami (instrumental plural)
livie (locative singular)
live'ach (locative plural)
livie (singular vocative)
live'y (plural vocative)
lajw (alternative)

(broadcasting, colloquial) live transmission


play

en-verb

play (third-person singular simple present plays, present participle playing, simple past and past participle played)

plays (present singular third-person)
playing (participle present)
played (participle past)
played (past)

desc

→ Kashubian: plejowac (Canada, United States)

From Middle English pleyen, playen, pleȝen, plæien, also Middle English plaȝen, plawen (compare English plaw), from Old English pleġan, pleoġan, plæġan, and Old English plegian, pleagian, plagian (“to play, exercise, etc.”), from Proto-West Germanic *plehan (“to care about, be concerned with”) and Proto-West Germanic *plegōn (“to engage, move”); both perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *blek- (“to move, move about”), from Proto-Indo-European *bal- (compare Ancient Greek βλύω (blúō), βλύζω (blúzō, “I gush out, spring”), Sanskrit बल्बलीति (balbalīti, “it whirls, twirls”)).
cognates and related terms
Cognate with Scots play (“to act or move briskly, cause to move, stir”), Saterland Frisian pleegje (“to look after, care for, maintain”), West Frisian pleegje, pliigje (“to commit, perform, bedrive”), Middle Dutch pleyen ("to dance, leap for joy, rejoice, be glad"; compare Modern Dutch pleien (“to play a particular children's game”)), Dutch plegen (“to commit, bedrive, practice”), German pflegen (“to care for, be concerned with, attend to, tend”). Related also to Old English plēon (“to risk, endanger”). More at plight, pledge.
The noun is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, plega, plæġa (“play, quick motion, movement, exercise; (athletic) sport, game; festivity, drama; battle; gear for games, an implement for a game; clapping with the hands, applause”), deverbative of plegian (“to play”); see above.

gloss

compare English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">plaw</i>

gloss

"to dance, leap for joy, rejoice, be glad"; compare Modern Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">pleien</i> (“to play a particular children's game”)

cog

His latest film is playing in the local theatre tomorrow.

Some kind of lounge music was playing in the background.

(transitive, intransitive) To produce sound (especially music), moving pictures, or theatrical performance.

(intransitive, of a theatrical performance, film or music) To be performed, reproduced, or shown.


fog

hu-conj

Forms in parentheses are somewhat archaic or literary.

This verb has no prefix that could split, despite its first few letters.

fogok (indefinite informal second-person singular)
fogsz (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogsz (indefinite singular third-person)
fog (first-person indefinite plural)
fogunk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
fogtok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fogtok (indefinite plural third-person)
fognak (indefinite)
fogom (definite informal second-person singular)
fogod (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogod (definite singular third-person)
fogja (definite first-person plural)
fogjuk (definite informal plural second-person)
fogjátok (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fogjátok (definite plural third-person)
fogják (definite)
foglak (informal second-person singular)
fogtam (indefinite informal past second-person singular)
fogtál (formal indefinite past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogtál (indefinite past singular third-person)
fogott (first-person indefinite past plural)
fogtunk (indefinite informal past plural second-person)
fogtatok (formal indefinite past plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fogtatok (indefinite past plural third-person)
fogtak (indefinite past)
fogtam (definite informal past second-person singular)
fogtad (definite formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogtad (definite past singular third-person)
fogta (definite first-person past plural)
fogtuk (definite informal past plural second-person)
fogtátok (definite formal past plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fogtátok (definite past plural third-person)
fogták (definite past)
fogtalak (informal past second-person singular)
or a time adverb (first-person future plural)
or a time adverb (formal future second-person-semantically third-person)
or a time adverb (future informal second-person)
or a time adverb (future third-person)
e.g. fogni fog. (first-person future plural)
e.g. fogni fog. (formal future second-person-semantically third-person)
e.g. fogni fog. (future informal second-person)
e.g. fogni fog. (future third-person)
fogék (future indefinite)
fogál (indefinite informal second-person singular)
foga (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foga (indefinite singular third-person)
fogánk (first-person indefinite plural)
fogátok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
fogának (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fogának (indefinite plural third-person)
fogám (definite future)
fogád (definite informal second-person singular)
fogá (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogá (definite singular third-person)
fogánk (definite first-person plural)
fogátok (definite informal plural second-person)
fogák (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fogák (definite plural third-person)
fogálak (future)
e.g. fog vala (future)
fogott vala (future)
volt. (future)
fogandok (future indefinite)
fogandasz (indefinite informal second-person singular)
fogand (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogand (indefinite singular third-person)
fogandunk (first-person indefinite plural)
fogandotok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
fogandanak (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fogandanak (indefinite plural third-person)
fogandom (definite future)
fogandod (definite informal second-person singular)
fogandja (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogandja (definite singular third-person)
fogandjuk (definite first-person plural)
fogandjátok (definite informal plural second-person)
fogandják (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fogandják (definite plural third-person)
fogandalak (future)
fognék (indefinite informal second-person singular)
fognál (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fognál (indefinite singular third-person)
fogna (first-person indefinite plural)
fognánk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
fognátok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fognátok (indefinite plural third-person)
fognának (indefinite)
fognám (definite future indefinite)
fognád (definite informal second-person singular)
fogná (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogná (definite singular third-person)
fognánk (definite first-person plural)
or fognók (definite first-person plural)
fognátok (definite informal plural second-person)
fognák (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fognák (definite plural third-person)
fognálak (future indefinite)
Indicative past forms followed by volna (indefinite past)
e.g. fogott volna (indefinite past)
fogjak (indefinite informal second-person singular)
fogj or (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogj or (indefinite singular third-person)
fogjál (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogjál (indefinite singular third-person)
fogjon (first-person indefinite plural)
fogjunk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
fogjatok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fogjatok (indefinite plural third-person)
fogjanak (indefinite)
fogjam (definite informal second-person singular)
fogd or (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogd or (definite singular third-person)
fogjad (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fogjad (definite singular third-person)
fogjalak (informal second-person singular)
e.g. fogott légyen
fogni (infinitive)
fognom (infinitive informal second-person singular)
fognod (formal infinitive second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fognod (infinitive singular third-person)
fognia (first-person infinitive plural)
fognunk (infinitive informal plural second-person)
fognotok (formal infinitive plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fognotok (infinitive plural third-person)
fogniuk (infinitive)
fogás (noun-from-verb)
fogó (future)
fogott
fogandó
fogva (adverbial first-person participle plural)
fogva (adverbial informal participle plural second-person)
fogván (adverbial first-person participle plural)
fogván (adverbial informal participle plural second-person)
-(t)et suffix as the causative
foghatok (indefinite informal second-person singular)
foghatsz (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatsz (indefinite singular third-person)
foghat (first-person indefinite plural)
foghatunk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
foghattok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghattok (indefinite plural third-person)
foghatnak (indefinite)
foghatom (definite informal second-person singular)
foghatod (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatod (definite singular third-person)
foghatja (definite first-person plural)
foghatjuk (definite informal plural second-person)
foghatjátok (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghatjátok (definite plural third-person)
foghatják (definite)
foghatlak (informal second-person singular)
foghattam (indefinite informal past second-person singular)
foghattál (formal indefinite past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghattál (indefinite past singular third-person)
foghatott (first-person indefinite past plural)
foghattunk (indefinite informal past plural second-person)
foghattatok (formal indefinite past plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghattatok (indefinite past plural third-person)
foghattak (indefinite past)
foghattam (definite informal past second-person singular)
foghattad (definite formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghattad (definite past singular third-person)
foghatta (definite first-person past plural)
foghattuk (definite informal past plural second-person)
foghattátok (definite formal past plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghattátok (definite past plural third-person)
foghatták (definite past)
foghattalak (informal past second-person singular)
foghaték (indefinite)
foghatál (indefinite informal second-person singular)
foghata (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghata (indefinite singular third-person)
foghatánk (first-person indefinite plural)
foghatátok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
foghatának (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghatának (indefinite plural third-person)
foghatám (definite)
foghatád (definite informal second-person singular)
foghatá (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatá (definite singular third-person)
foghatánk (definite first-person plural)
foghatátok (definite informal plural second-person)
foghaták (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghaták (definite plural third-person)
foghatálak
e.g. foghat vala (first-person past plural)
e.g. foghat vala (first-person past singular third-person)
e.g. foghat vala (first-person plural)
e.g. foghat vala (first-person singular third-person)
e.g. foghat vala (formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
e.g. foghat vala (formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
e.g. foghat vala (informal past second-person)
e.g. foghat vala (informal second-person)
foghatott vala (first-person past plural)
foghatott vala (first-person past singular third-person)
foghatott vala (first-person plural)
foghatott vala (first-person singular third-person)
foghatott vala (formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatott vala (formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatott vala (informal past second-person)
foghatott vala (informal second-person)
volt. (first-person past plural)
volt. (first-person past singular third-person)
volt. (first-person plural)
volt. (first-person singular third-person)
volt. (formal past second-person-semantically singular third-person)
volt. (formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
volt. (informal past second-person)
volt. (informal second-person)
foghatandok (indefinite)
or fogandhatok (indefinite)
foghatandasz (indefinite informal second-person singular)
or fogandhatsz (indefinite informal second-person singular)
foghatand (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatand (indefinite singular third-person)
or fogandhat (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
or fogandhat (indefinite singular third-person)
foghatandunk (first-person indefinite plural)
or fogandhatunk (first-person indefinite plural)
foghatandotok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
or fogandhattok (indefinite informal plural second-person)
foghatandanak (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghatandanak (indefinite plural third-person)
or fogandhatnak (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
or fogandhatnak (indefinite plural third-person)
foghatandom (definite)
or fogandhatom (definite)
foghatandod (definite informal second-person singular)
or fogandhatod (definite informal second-person singular)
foghatandja (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatandja (definite singular third-person)
or fogandhatja (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
or fogandhatja (definite singular third-person)
foghatandjuk (definite first-person plural)
or fogandhatjuk (definite first-person plural)
foghatandjátok (definite informal plural second-person)
or fogandhatjátok (definite informal plural second-person)
foghatandják (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghatandják (definite plural third-person)
or fogandhatják (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
or fogandhatják (definite plural third-person)
foghatandalak
or fogandhatlak
foghatnék (indefinite informal second-person singular)
foghatnál (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatnál (indefinite singular third-person)
foghatna (first-person indefinite plural)
foghatnánk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
foghatnátok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghatnátok (indefinite plural third-person)
foghatnának (indefinite)
foghatnám (definite indefinite)
foghatnád (definite informal second-person singular)
foghatná (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatná (definite singular third-person)
foghatnánk (definite first-person plural)
or foghatnók (definite first-person plural)
foghatnátok (definite informal plural second-person)
foghatnák (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghatnák (definite plural third-person)
foghatnálak (indefinite)
Indicative past forms followed by volna (first-person indefinite past third-person)
Indicative past forms followed by volna (formal indefinite past second-person-semantically third-person)
Indicative past forms followed by volna (indefinite informal past second-person)
e.g. foghatott volna (first-person indefinite past third-person)
e.g. foghatott volna (formal indefinite past second-person-semantically third-person)
e.g. foghatott volna (indefinite informal past second-person)
foghassak (indefinite informal second-person singular)
foghass or (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghass or (indefinite singular third-person)
foghassál (formal indefinite second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghassál (indefinite singular third-person)
foghasson (first-person indefinite plural)
foghassunk (indefinite informal plural second-person)
foghassatok (formal indefinite plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghassatok (indefinite plural third-person)
foghassanak (indefinite)
foghassam (definite informal second-person singular)
foghasd or (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghasd or (definite singular third-person)
foghassad (definite formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghassad (definite singular third-person)
foghassa (definite first-person plural)
foghassuk (definite informal plural second-person)
foghassátok (definite formal plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghassátok (definite plural third-person)
foghassák (definite)
foghassalak (informal second-person singular)
e.g. foghatott légyen
foghatni (infinitive)
foghatnom (infinitive informal second-person singular)
foghatnod (formal infinitive second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatnod (infinitive singular third-person)
foghatnia (first-person infinitive plural)
foghatnunk (infinitive informal plural second-person)
foghatnotok (formal infinitive plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghatnotok (infinitive plural third-person)
foghatniuk (infinitive)
fogható
foghatatlan (formal second-person-semantically singular third-person)
foghatatlan (informal second-person singular)
foghatatlan (singular third-person)
foghatva / foghatván (adverbial first-person participle plural third-person)
foghatva / foghatván (adverbial formal participle plural second-person-semantically third-person)
foghatva / foghatván (adverbial informal participle plural second-person)

From Proto-Ugric *puŋɜ- (“to grasp, to catch”). Cognates include Northern Mansi пувуӈкве (puvuňkve).

inh

Egyébként egészen jól lehetett fogni az adást.

1996, István Kamarás, István Péter Németh, “Világverseny a berekben”, in Origósdi:

As a matter of fact, I received the broadcast quite clearly.

[…] azóta minden este otthon a régi VEF-en a Kossuthot próbálták fogni – a határokat már lezárták, kívülről nem jöhetett segítség –, így amint meghallotta az egyre ütemesebb és összehangoltabb utcai kiabálást, tudta, hogy ez már nem afféle tét nélküli kóruspróba […]

2010, Andrea Tompa, A hóhér háza, 2nd edition, Budapest: Libri Kiadó, published 2015, →ISBN, page 5:

(transitive, broadcasting) to receive (to detect a signal from a transmitter)


lift

en-noun

lift (countable and uncountable, plural lifts)

→ Cantonese: 𨋢 /䢂 (lip¹)

→ Dutch: lift
→ Papiamentu: left

→ Malay: lif

desctree

→ Russian: лифт (lift)
→ Armenian: լիֆտ (lift)
→ Georgian: ლიფტი (lipṭi)
→ Kazakh: лифт (lift)
→ Mongolian: лифт (lift)
→ Uyghur: لىفت (lift)
→ Uzbek: lift
→ Yakut: лифт (lift)

→ Swahili: lifti

→ Swedish: lift

From Middle English liften, lyften, from Old Norse lypta (“to lift, air”, literally “to raise in the air”), from Proto-Germanic *luftijaną (“to raise in the air”), related to *luftuz (“roof, air”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”) or from a root meaning roof (see *luftuz). Cognate with Danish and Norwegian Bokmål løfte (“to lift”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish lyfta (“to lift”), German lüften (“to air, lift”), Old English lyft (“air”). See above. 1851 for the noun sense "a mechanical device for vertical transport".
(To steal): For this sense Cleasby suggests perhaps a relation to the root of Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃 (hliftus) "thief", cognate with Latin cleptus and Greek κλέπτω (kléptō)).

der

(broadcasting) A shorter extract from a commercial/advertisement, able to be used on its own.


ether

Afrikaans: eter

→ Indonesian: ètêr

→ Japanese: エーテル (ēteru)

From Middle Dutch ether, from Latin aethēr, from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr).

De televisieaanbieder gaat digitale televisie via de ether uitzenden.

The television provider is going to broadcast digital television over the air.

(broadcasting, uncountable) air, broadcasting


key

From Middle English keye, kaye, keiȝe, from Old English cǣġ (“key, solution, experiment”) (whence also Scots key and kay (“key”)), of uncertain origin. The only sure cognates are Saterland Frisian Koai (“key”), West Frisian kaai (“key”), and North Frisian kay (“key”). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *kēgaz, *kēguz (“stake, post, pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵogʰ-, *ǵegʰ-, *ǵegʰn- (“branch, stake, bush”), which would make it cognate with Middle Low German kāk (“whipping post, pillory”), and perhaps to Middle Dutch keige (“javelin, spear”) and Middle Low German keie, keige (“spear”). For the semantic development, note that medieval keys were simply long poles (ending in a hook) with which a crossbar obstructing a door from the inside could be removed from the outside, by lifting it through a hole in the door. Liberman has noted, however, "The original meaning of *kaig-jo- was presumably '*pin with a twisted end.' Words with the root *kai- followed by a consonant meaning 'crooked, bent; twisted' are common only in the North Germanic languages."

шпи́лка

object used to maintain the orientation between two others

Key in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

You can easily create this type of user interface by creating a bitmap with certain portions set to a predefined color you want to use as the transparency key.

2004, Mark Schmidt, Simon Robinson, Microsoft Visual C# .NET 2003 Developer's Cookbook, page 195:

There are key controls that adjust the “slice level” or the level at which the key kicks-in and starts cutting a hole for the “fill” […] Chroma key is another form of keying, which derives the key cutter or hole from a selected color.

2016, Jerry C. Whitaker, The SBE Broadcast Engineering Handbook:

(computer graphics, television) A color to be masked or made transparent.


key

en-verb

key (third-person singular simple present keys, present participle keying, simple past and past participle keyed)

keys (present singular third-person)
keying (participle present)
keyed (participle past)
keyed (past)

(telegraphy and radio telegraphy) To depress (a telegraph key).

(radio) To operate (the transmitter switch of a two-way radio).

avaintaa

radio: operate (transmitter switch of a two-way radio)


field

→ Japanese: フィールド (fīrudo)

From Middle English feeld, feld, from Old English feld, from Proto-West Germanic *felþu, from Proto-Germanic *felþuz (“field”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“field, plain”) or *pleth₂- (“flat”) (with schwebeablaut).
Cognate with Scots feld, feild (“field”), North Frisian fjild (“field”), West Frisian fjild (“field”), Dutch veld (“field”), German Feld (“field”), Swedish fält (“field”). Related also to Old English folde (“earth, land, territory”), Old English folm (“palm of the hand”). More at fold.

veld

land area free of woodland, cities, and towns; open country

fushë

sports: area reserved for playing a game

Euclidean domain ⊂ principal ideal domain ⊂ unique factorization domain

Noetherian domain ⊂ integral domain ⊂ commutative ring

Any of various figurative meanings, often dead metaphors.

(electronics, film, animation) Part (usually one half) of a frame in an interlaced signal.


-sama

(anime and manga, fandom slang) Appended to a person's name or nickname to convey honour and respect.