aggregate

aggregate (countable and uncountable, plural aggregates)

/ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/

From Latin aggregātus, perfect passive participle of aggregō (“I flock together”), from ag- (combining form of ad (“to, toward”)) + gregō (“I flock or group”), from grex (“flock”). Compare gregarious.

(music) The full chromatic scale of twelve equal tempered pitches.

the full chromatic or the set of all twelve pitch classes


bow

From Middle English bowe, from Old English boga, Proto-West Germanic *bogō, from Proto-Germanic *bugô.
Cognate with West Frisian boge, Dutch boog, German Bogen, Swedish båge.

strykstok

rod used for playing stringed instruments

(music) A rod with horsehair (or an artificial substitute) stretched between the ends, used for playing various stringed musical instruments.


dynamic

en-adj

dynamic (comparative more dynamic, superlative most dynamic)

more dynamic (comparative)
most dynamic (superlative)

static

antonym(s) of “Changing, active, in motion”

From French dynamique, from Ancient Greek δυναμικός (dunamikós, “powerful”), from δύναμις (dúnamis, “power”), from δύναμαι (dúnamai, “I am able”).

der

The dynamic marking in bar 40 is forte.

(music) Having to do with the volume of sound.


dynamic

If you pay attention to the dynamics as you play, it's a very moving piece.

(music) The varying loudness or volume of a song or the markings that indicate the loudness.

(music) A symbol in a musical score that indicates the desired level of volume.


drone

From Middle English drounen (“to roar, bellow”), from Proto-West Germanic *drunnjan, from Proto-Germanic *drunjaną (“to drone, roar, make a sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to roar, hum, drone”).
Cognate with Scots drune (“to drone, moan, complain”), Dutch dreunen (“to drone, boom, thud”), Low German drönen (“to drone, buzz, hum”), German dröhnen (“to roar, boom, rumble”), Danish drøne (“to roar, boom, peel out”), Swedish dröna (“to low, bellow, roar”), Icelandic drynja (“to roar”).

cog

(music) One of the fixed-pitch pipes on a bagpipe.

(music, uncountable) A genre of music that uses repeated lengthy droning sounds.


tie

From Middle English teye (“cord, chain”), from Old English tēag, tēah (“cord, chain”), from Proto-West Germanic *taugu, from Proto-Germanic *taugō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-. Compare Danish tov, Icelandic taug.

(music) A curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch denoting that they should be played as a single note with the combined length of both notes.

boog

curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch, combining their lengths


tie

en-verb

tie (third-person singular simple present ties, present participle tying, simple past and past participle tied)

ties (present singular third-person)
tying (participle present)
tied (participle past)
tied (past)

From Middle English teien, teiȝen, from Old English tīġan, tīeġan, from Proto-West Germanic *taugijan, from Proto-Germanic *taugijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to tug, draw”). Cognate with Icelandic teygja.

der

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on

(music) To unite (musical notes) with a line or slur in the notation.


lyre

From Ancient Greek λύρᾱ (lúrā, “lyre, a stringed instrument with a sounding-board formed of the shell of a tortoise”). Doublet of lira and Lyra.

(music) An ancient stringed musical instrument (a yoke lute chordophone) of Greek origin, consisting of two arms extending from a body to a crossbar (a yoke), and strings, parallel to the soundboard, connecting the body to the yoke.

Any instrument of the same musicological classification; any yoke lute.


lyre

lyra (definite singular)
lyren (definite singular)
lyrer (indefinite plural)
lyrene (definite plural)


lyre

lyra (definite singular)
lyrer (indefinite plural)
lyrene (definite plural)


score

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English score, skore, schore, from Old English scoru (“notch; tally; score”), from Old Norse skor, from Proto-Germanic *skurō (“incision; tear; rift”), which is related to *skeraną (“to cut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“cut”). Cognate with Icelandic skora, Swedish skåra, Danish skår. Related to shear.
For the sense “twenty”: The mark on a tally made by drovers for every twenty beasts passing through a tollgate.

der

(music) The written form of a musical composition showing all instrumental and vocal parts.

Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.

2013 June 29, “Travels and travails”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 55:


score

en-verb

score (third-person singular simple present scores, present participle scoring, simple past and past participle scored)

scores (present singular third-person)
scoring (participle present)
scored (participle past)
scored (past)
score (infinitive)

→⇒ Irish: scóráil

Godfather II is nothing like ready. It is not yet scored, and thus not mixed. There remain additional shooting, looping, editing.

1974, New York Magazine, volume 7, number 45, page 98:

Robertson scored several of Scorsese’s films, including Raging Bull, Casino, The Wolf of Wall Street and The Irishman.

2023 August 10, Adrian Horton, “Robbie Robertson, member of the Band, dies at age 80”, in The Guardian, UK:

(transitive, music, film) To provide (a film, etc.) with a musical score.

soitintaa

to provide a film, etc. with a musical score


arc

Inherited from Latin arcus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷo-.

(music) bow (used to play string instruments)


hamer

head

hamer (plural hamers, diminutive hamertjie)

From Dutch hamer, from Middle Dutch hāmer, from Old Dutch *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz.

(music) a hammer; part of a piano, dulcimer and similar instruments which strikes the string


achromatic

en-adj

achromatic (comparative more achromatic, superlative most achromatic)

more achromatic (comparative)
most achromatic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀχρωμάτιστος (akhrōmátistos, “uncolored”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”), equivalent to a- + chromatic; compare French achromatique.

der

ἀχρωμάτιστος

(music) Having only the diatonic notes of the scale; not modified by accidentals.

диатоничен

music: having only the diatonic notes of the scale


forte

This passage is forte, then there's a diminuendo to mezzo piano.

(music) Loud. Used as a dynamic directive in sheet music in its abbreviated form, "f.", to indicate raising the volume of the music. (Abbreviated in musical notation with an f, the Unicode character 1D191.)


forte

The musicians played the passage forte.


forte

From Italian forte, from Latin fortis (“strong”).


forte

es-adj

forte m or f (masculine and feminine plural fortes)

Borrowed from Italian forte. Doublet of fuerte.


forte

forte (indefinite nominative singular)
fortet (definite nominative singular)
forten (indefinite nominative plural)
fortena (definite nominative plural)
fortes (genitive indefinite singular)
fortets (definite genitive singular)
fortens (genitive indefinite plural)
fortenas (definite genitive plural)

(music) forte (passage to be played loudly)


demo

demoen (definite singular)
demoar (indefinite plural)
demoane (definite plural)


frappé

→ Portuguese: frapê

→ Turkish: frape


cent

→ Cantonese: 仙 (sin¹)

→ Catalan: cent

→ French: cent

→ Georgian: ცენტი (cenṭi)

→ Hebrew: סנט (sent)

→ Italian: cent

→ Korean: 센트 (senteu)

→ Min Nan: 仙 (sian)

→ Polish: cent

→ Samoan: sene
→ English: sene

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: це̏нт

Latin script: cȅnt

→ Swahili: senti

→ Swedish: cent

Tok Pisin: sen
→ Rotokas: sieri

From Middle English cent, from Old French cent, from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

(music) A hundredth of a semitone or half step.


cent

Borrowed from English cent. These senses of the word cent in Catalan derive from the inversion of meaning that took place in English where it was used to indicate one hundredth.

cèntim

a subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the base unit

(music) cent (a hundredth of a half step)


cent

cȅnt (canonical masculine)
це̏нт (Cyrillic)
cȅnt (nominative singular)
cȅnti (nominative plural)
centa (genitive singular)
cȇntā (genitive plural)
centu (dative singular)
centima (dative plural)
cȅnt (accusative singular)
cente (accusative plural)
centu (singular vocative)
cente (singular vocative)
centi (plural vocative)
centu (locative singular)
centima (locative plural)
centom (instrumental singular)
centima (instrumental plural)


dis

dis (nominative singular)
disit (nominative plural)
dis (accusative nominative singular)
disit (accusative nominative plural)
disin (accusative genitive singular)
disit (accusative genitive plural)
disin (genitive singular)
disien (genitive plural)
disiä (partitive singular)
disejä (partitive plural)
disissä (inessive singular)
diseissä (inessive plural)
disistä (elative singular)
diseistä (elative plural)
disiin (illative singular)
diseihin (illative plural)
disillä (adessive singular)
diseillä (adessive plural)
disiltä (ablative singular)
diseiltä (ablative plural)
disille (allative singular)
diseille (allative plural)
disinä (essive singular)
diseinä (essive plural)
disiksi (singular translative)
diseiksi (plural translative)
disittä (abessive singular)
diseittä (abessive plural)
disein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
disini (nominative singular)
disini (nominative plural)
disini (accusative nominative singular)
disini (accusative nominative plural)
disini (accusative genitive singular)
disini (accusative genitive plural)
disini (genitive singular)
disieni (genitive plural)
disiäni (partitive singular)
disejäni (partitive plural)
disissäni (inessive singular)
diseissäni (inessive plural)
disistäni (elative singular)
diseistäni (elative plural)
disiini (illative singular)
diseihini (illative plural)
disilläni (adessive singular)
diseilläni (adessive plural)
disiltäni (ablative singular)
diseiltäni (ablative plural)
disilleni (allative singular)
diseilleni (allative plural)
disinäni (essive singular)
diseinäni (essive plural)
disikseni (singular translative)
diseikseni (plural translative)
disittäni (abessive singular)
diseittäni (abessive plural)
diseineni (comitative plural)
disisi (nominative singular)
disisi (nominative plural)
disisi (accusative nominative singular)
disisi (accusative nominative plural)
disisi (accusative genitive singular)
disisi (accusative genitive plural)
disisi (genitive singular)
disiesi (genitive plural)
disiäsi (partitive singular)
disejäsi (partitive plural)
disissäsi (inessive singular)
diseissäsi (inessive plural)
disistäsi (elative singular)
diseistäsi (elative plural)
disiisi (illative singular)
diseihisi (illative plural)
disilläsi (adessive singular)
diseilläsi (adessive plural)
disiltäsi (ablative singular)
diseiltäsi (ablative plural)
disillesi (allative singular)
diseillesi (allative plural)
disinäsi (essive singular)
diseinäsi (essive plural)
disiksesi (singular translative)
diseiksesi (plural translative)
disittäsi (abessive singular)
diseittäsi (abessive plural)
diseinesi (comitative plural)
disimme (nominative singular)
disimme (nominative plural)
disimme (accusative nominative singular)
disimme (accusative nominative plural)
disimme (accusative genitive singular)
disimme (accusative genitive plural)
disimme (genitive singular)
disiemme (genitive plural)
disiämme (partitive singular)
disejämme (partitive plural)
disissämme (inessive singular)
diseissämme (inessive plural)
disistämme (elative singular)
diseistämme (elative plural)
disiimme (illative singular)
diseihimme (illative plural)
disillämme (adessive singular)
diseillämme (adessive plural)
disiltämme (ablative singular)
diseiltämme (ablative plural)
disillemme (allative singular)
diseillemme (allative plural)
disinämme (essive singular)
diseinämme (essive plural)
disiksemme (singular translative)
diseiksemme (plural translative)
disittämme (abessive singular)
diseittämme (abessive plural)
diseinemme (comitative plural)
disinne (nominative singular)
disinne (nominative plural)
disinne (accusative nominative singular)
disinne (accusative nominative plural)
disinne (accusative genitive singular)
disinne (accusative genitive plural)
disinne (genitive singular)
disienne (genitive plural)
disiänne (partitive singular)
disejänne (partitive plural)
disissänne (inessive singular)
diseissänne (inessive plural)
disistänne (elative singular)
diseistänne (elative plural)
disiinne (illative singular)
diseihinne (illative plural)
disillänne (adessive singular)
diseillänne (adessive plural)
disiltänne (ablative singular)
diseiltänne (ablative plural)
disillenne (allative singular)
diseillenne (allative plural)
disinänne (essive singular)
diseinänne (essive plural)
disiksenne (singular translative)
diseiksenne (plural translative)
disittänne (abessive singular)
diseittänne (abessive plural)
diseinenne (comitative plural)
disinsä (nominative singular)
disinsä (nominative plural)
disinsä (accusative nominative singular)
disinsä (accusative nominative plural)
disinsä (accusative genitive singular)
disinsä (accusative genitive plural)
disinsä (genitive singular)
disiensä (genitive plural)
disiään (partitive singular)
disiänsä (partitive singular)
disejään (partitive plural)
disejänsä (partitive plural)
disissään (inessive singular)
disissänsä (inessive singular)
diseissään (inessive plural)
diseissänsä (inessive plural)
disistään (elative singular)
disistänsä (elative singular)
diseistään (elative plural)
diseistänsä (elative plural)
disiinsä (illative singular)
diseihinsä (illative plural)
disillään (adessive singular)
disillänsä (adessive singular)
diseillään (adessive plural)
diseillänsä (adessive plural)
disiltään (ablative singular)
disiltänsä (ablative singular)
diseiltään (ablative plural)
diseiltänsä (ablative plural)
disilleen (allative singular)
disillensä (allative singular)
diseilleen (allative plural)
diseillensä (allative plural)
disinään (essive singular)
disinänsä (essive singular)
diseinään (essive plural)
diseinänsä (essive plural)
disikseen (singular translative)
disiksensä (singular translative)
diseikseen (plural translative)
diseiksensä (plural translative)
disittään (abessive singular)
disittänsä (abessive singular)
diseittään (abessive plural)
diseittänsä (abessive plural)
diseineen (comitative plural)
diseinensä (comitative plural)


manual

en-noun

manual (countable and uncountable, plural manuals)

From Middle English manuel, from Anglo-Norman manuel, Old French manual, from Latin manuālis, from manus (“hand”).

(countable) A device that is operated using the hands, or by a human rather than a machine.

(music) A keyboard for the hands on a harpsichord, organ, or other musical instrument.


manual

manualen (definite singular)
manualer (indefinite plural)
manualene (definite plural)

Borrowed from Latin manualis, or English manual (“handbook”).


manual

manualen (definite singular)
manualar (indefinite plural)
manualane (definite plural)


manual

manual (indefinite nominative singular)
manualen (definite nominative singular)
manualer (indefinite nominative plural)
manualerna (definite nominative plural)
manuals (genitive indefinite singular)
manualens (definite genitive singular)
manualers (genitive indefinite plural)
manualernas (definite genitive plural)


course

→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

From Middle English cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of cursus and cour.

polku

path that something or someone moves along

the course of true love never did run smooth

(music) One or more strings on some musical instruments (such as the guitar, lute or vihuela): if multiple, then closely spaced, tuned in unison or octaves and intended to be played together.


minor

en-adj

minor (comparative more minor, superlative most minor)

more minor (comparative)
most minor (superlative)

antonym(s) of

serious, grave, severe, dangerous, fatal, life-threatening, acute (informal)

From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.

der

The musical interval between C and E♭ is a minor third while C to E is a major third.

...a certaine Fraction, which may be the difference betwixt a Tone major and a Tone minor, which we nominate a Schism...

1653, Rene Descartes, translated by Lord Brouncker, Excellent Compendium of Musick, page 30:

Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option, particularly:

(music) Smaller by a diatonic semitone than the equivalent major interval.

Beethoven's melancholy Moonlight Sonata is scored in the key of C# minor, using the diatonic scale C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, A, and B, but modulates throughout.

The minor mode of D is tender.

1772, William Jones, “On the Arts, Commonly Called Imitative”, in Poems..., page 209:

The first chorus: ‘Behold the Lamb of God’, with its dark minor chords, brings threatening clouds over us.

1843 March, United States Magazine & Democratic Review, page 273:

Modern harmonists are unwilling to acknowledge that the minor triad is less consonant than the major.

1880, Edmund Gurney, The Power of Sound, page 271:

After harmony was introduced into music during the late Middle Ages, major and minor triads emerged as the principal chords. The major triad, as C E G, was regarded with especial favor, because it occurs naturally in the harmonic series, as on bugles, and can be expressed by the simple ratios, 4:5:6. A system of tuning for the diatonic scale known today as just intonation gained support in the 16th century, because its principal triads, C E G, F A C, and G B D, had these just ratios. But an important minor triad, D F A, is harsh in just intonation, and other unsatisfactory triads result when this tuning is extended to the complete chromatic scale.

1948 November, J.M. Barbour, “Music and Ternary Continued Fractions”, in American Mathematical Monthly, volume 55, number 9, page 545:

The first voice of the fugue that Elizabeth had played... came to him, inverted mockingly and in a minor key.

1951, Carson McCullers, “The Sojourner”, in O. Henry Prize Stories of 1951, page 200:

Tufnel: It's part of a trilogy, really, a musical trilogy that I'm doing in D... minor which I always find is really the saddest of all keys, really. I don't know why but it makes people weep instantly to play it... This piece is called "Lick My Love Pump".

1984, Christopher Guest et al., This Is Spin̈al Tap:

He was a moralist in a minor key, more concerned that people should say ‘tinned peaches’ and not ‘tin peaches’, than that they should worry about nuclear disarmament.

1995 October 23, John Walsh, “The Pragmatic Entertainer Who Said the Unsayable”, in The Independent, page 3:

(music) Incorporating a minor third interval above the (in scales) tonic or (in chords) root note, (also figurative) tending to produce a dark, discordant, sad, or pensive effect.

The minor perfect mode was marked by one single line which crossed three spaces, and the longue was equal to three breves... The minor imperfect mode was marked by a line which crossed two spaces only, and its longue was equal only to two breves.

1779, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, translated by William Waring, Complete Dictionary of Music, page 243:

(music, historical) Of or related to the relationship between the longa and the breve in a score.

Josquin works in minor prolation—that is, works in which the signature indicates that a semibreve is equal to two minims, often have a 3 as a medial signature for a few measures, indicating that until the 3 is canceled by the reappearance of a sign for minor prolation, there are to be 3 minims to a semibreve.

1969, Arthur Mendel, "Some Preliminary Attempts at Computer-Assisted Style Analysis in Music", Computers and the Humanities, Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 45

(music, historical) Having semibreves twice as long as a minim.


minor

byvak

subject of secondary undergraduate study

(music) Ellipsis of minor interval, scale, mode, key, chord, triad, etc.


si

From Middle English si (“seventh degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian si in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the initials of Latin Sāncte Iohannēs (“Saint John (the Baptist)”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon; thus, also an initialism of Sāncte Iohannēs.

der

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.


si

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

(music) si (seventh note of a diatonic scale)


si

*IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ˈsi/, /ˈsi/^*
* Rhymes: -i
* Hyphenation: sì


si

(music) si (seventh note of a major scale)


si

si-en (definite singular)
si-ar (indefinite plural)
si-ane (definite plural)

Acronym of Latin Sancte Ioannes, the phrase ending the hymn Ut queant laxis from earlier words of which the other notes of solfège were derived. A younger alteration, ti, allows for every note of the solfège to begin with a different letter.

(music) si, a syllable used in seventh note of a major scale


si

si (plural)
si (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
un si (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
siul (accusative definite nominative singular)
si (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște si (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
sii (accusative definite nominative plural)
si (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unui si (dative genitive indefinite singular)
siului (dative definite genitive singular)
si (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor si (dative genitive indefinite plural)
silor (dative definite genitive plural)
siule (singular vocative)
silor (plural vocative)


si

head

si (definite accusative siyi, plural siler)

siyi (accusative definite)
siler (plural)


hymn

hymn (nominative singular)
hymny (nominative plural)
hymnu (genitive singular)
hymnów (genitive plural)
hymnowi (dative singular)
hymnom (dative plural)
hymn (accusative singular)
hymny (accusative plural)
hymnem (instrumental singular)
hymnami (instrumental plural)
hymnie (locative singular)
hymnach (locative plural)
hymnie (singular vocative)
hymny (plural vocative)

→? Belarusian: гімн m inan (himn)

desctree

→ Russian: гимн m inan (gimn) (likely)
→ Armenian: հիմն (himn)
→ Bashkir: гимн (gimn)
→ Crimean Tatar: gimn
→ Georgian: ჰიმნი (himni)
→ Kazakh: gïmn
→ Kildin Sami: гӣммн (gīmmn)
→ Urum: гимн
→ Uzbek: gimn

→? Ukrainian: гімн m inan (himn)

Learned borrowing from Latin hymnus, from Ancient Greek ὕμνος (húmnos).


ska

Origin uncertain. Probably imitative of the crisp guitar sound; other suggestions include a contraction of “skavoovie” (a word invented and used by musician Cluett Johnson), or of “speed polka”.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Musical Hairsplitting: The act of classifying music and musicians into pathologically picayune categories: “The Vienna Franks are a good example of urban white acid folk revivalism crossed with ska.”

1991, Douglas Coupland, “Eat Your Parents”, in Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 85:

Everyone who loves ska has their own story to tell—the first time they heard the Specials back in the '70s, the first time they danced onstage at a Toasters show in the '80s, the first time they saw the Skatalites perform in the '90s.

2014, Heather Augustyn, “Preface”, in Ska: An Oral History, McFarland, →ISBN, page 3:

(music) A style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.


ska

ska (absolutive indefinite)
ska (absolutive singular)
skak (ergative singular)
skari (dative singular)
skaren (genitive singular)
skarekin (comitative singular)
skarengatik (causative singular)
skarentzat (benefactive singular)
skaz (indefinite instrumental)
skaz (instrumental singular)
skan (inessive singular)
skarik (indefinite partitive)
skatzat (indefinite prolative)


harpsichord

From French harpechorde, from New Latin harpicordium, from harpa (“harp”) + chorda (“string”).

(music) A musical instrument with a keyboard that produces sound through a mechanical process. When the performer presses a key, a corresponding plectrum plucks a tuned string. The harpsichord originated in late medieval Europe and is one of the most important instruments used to perform Baroque music.


cembalo

Borrowed from Italian cembalo, from Latin. Doublet of cymbal.


pause

From Middle French pause, from Latin pausa, from Ancient Greek παῦσις (paûsis), from Ancient Greek παύω (paúō, “stop”), of uncertain origin. Compare the doublet pausa.

(music) A sign indicating continuance of a note or rest.


harmonia

From Ancient Greek ἁρμονίᾱ (harmoníā). Doublet of harmony.

[…]concerning the ancient Greek harmoniai, or modes, in the diatonic genus.[…]degree signify the harmonia in which it appears and what degree it represents; for instance, “D-2” means that this ratio—11/10—is the second degree (ascending) in the Dorian harmonia.

1949, Harry Partch, Genesis of a Music: Monophony: the Relation of Its Music to Historic and Contemporary Trends; Its Philosophy, Concepts, and Principles; Its Relation to Historic and Proposed Intonations; and Its Application to Musical Instruments, The University of Wisconsin Press, pages 320 and 323:

In the case of Mixolydian harmonia, the framework chord is ¹⁄₁, ¹⁴⁄₁₁, ¹⁴⁄₁₀, and ²⁄₁.[…]while the various diatonic harmoniai are modes of each other, this is not true of the other two genera, which are uniquely derived from their corresponding diatonic forms.

1991, 1/1: The Quarterly Journal of the Just Intonation Network, pages 4 and 5:

In 1935, Hamilton trained a chamber orchestra in Stuttgart to perform in the harmoniai.

1993, John H. Chalmers, Jr., Divisions of the Tetrachord: A Prolegomenon to the Construction of Musical Scales, →ISBN, page 146:

While Pollux attributed to Diodorus of Thebes the expansion of the aulos beyond four trupemata, Athenaeus and Pausanias refer to Pronomus of Thebes as the one who developed an aulos that was capable of playing aulema in Dorian, Phrygian, or Lydian harmoniai. In his description of a statue of Pronomus in Boeotia, Pausanias observes: For a time, auletes had three types of auloi. They played Dorian aulema on one, different auloi were made for pieces in the Phrygian harmonia, and the so-called Lydian aulema was played on other auloi.

1999, Thomas J. Mathiesen, Apollo’s Lyre: Greek Music and Music Theory in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Lincoln, Neb., London: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 183:

That rhythm was somehow implicated in the identity of the harmoniai is suggested in Aristotle’s anecdote about the composer Philoxenus, who attempted to compose a dithyramb, The Mysians, in the Dorian harmonia, but was unable to do so.

2020, Edward Nowacki, Greek and Latin Music Theory: Principles and Challenges, University of Rochester Press, →ISBN, page 18:

(music) A harmonic mode in ancient Greek music, characterized by a particular set of chords and rhythmic patterns.


harmonia

harmonia (nominative singular)
harmonie (nominative plural)
harmonii (genitive singular)
harmonii (genitive plural)
harmonij (archaic genitive plural)
harmonii (dative singular)
harmoniom (dative plural)
harmonię (accusative singular)
harmonie (accusative plural)
harmonią (instrumental singular)
harmoniami (instrumental plural)
harmonii (locative singular)
harmoniach (locative plural)
harmonio (singular vocative)
harmonie (plural vocative)

(uncountable, music) harmony, consonance (agreement; absence of discordance)


bes

nl-noun

bes f (plural bessen, diminutive besje n)

bessen (plural)
besje (diminutive neuter)


juice

en-noun

juice (usually uncountable, plural juices)

Tok Pisin: jus

→ Czech: džus

→ Danish: juice

→ Faroese: djús

→ Hungarian: dzsúsz

→ Icelandic: djús

→ Indonesian: jus

→ Japanese: ジュース (jūsu)

→ Korean: 주스 (juseu), 쥬스 (juseu)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: juice, jus

Norwegian Nynorsk: juice, jus

→ Papiamentu: djus

→ Serbo-Croatian: džus

→ Slovak: džús

→ Swahili: juisi, jusi

→ Swedish: juice, jos

→ Zulu: újúsi

From Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs, from *yewH- (“to mix (of meal preparation)”). Doublet of jus and ukha. In this sense, mostly displaced native Middle English sew (“juice”), from Old English sēaw (“juice, sap”) (> English sew (“juice, broth, gravy”)). Sense of "soft drink" most likely an ellipsis of fizzy juice, another similarly common term in Scotland.

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

The Nashville Teens convened in 1962 when Ramon "Ray" Phillips and Arthur Sharp, members of two local rival groups, decided to join their musical juices.

1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 160:

(uncountable, slang, music) Musical agreement between instrumentalists.


tuna

Borrowed from Spanish tuna (“singing group”).

bor+

(music) a college singing group, wearing ornate clothes


symphonia

en-noun

symphonia (countable and uncountable, plural symphonias)

From Ancient Greek σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ (sumphōníā). Doublet of sinfonia, symphony, tsampouna, and zampogna.


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(music) A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.


thesis

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Johann Gottlieb Fichte

From Late Middle English thesis (“lowering of the voice”) and also borrowed directly from its etymon Latin thesis (“proposition, thesis; lowering of the voice”), from Ancient Greek θέσῐς (thésis, “arrangement, placement, setting; conclusion, position, thesis; lowering of the voice”), from τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “to place, put, set; to put down in writing; to consider as, regard”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”)) + -σῐς (-sis, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result). The English word is a doublet of deed.
Sense 1.1 (“proposition or statement supported by arguments”) is adopted from antithesis. Sense 1.4 (“initial stage of reasoning”) was first used by the German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), and later applied to the dialectical method of his countryman, the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).
The plural form theses is borrowed from Latin thesēs, from Ancient Greek θέσεις (théseis).

der

(music, prosody, originally) The action of lowering the hand or bringing down the foot when indicating a rhythm; hence, an accented part of a measure of music or verse indicated by this action; an ictus, a stress.

(music, prosody, with a reversal of meaning) A depression of the voice when pronouncing a syllables of a word; hence, the unstressed part of the metrical foot of a verse upon which such a depression falls, or an unaccented musical note.


timbre

→ Hausa: tambur

→ Luxembourgish: Timber

→ Persian: تمبر
→ Azerbaijani: təmr

Inherited from Old French timbre, via Byzantine Greek, from Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum”). Less likely a direct descendant of Latin tympanum. Doublet of tympan.


harpe

head

harpe c (singular definite harpen, plural indefinite harper)

harpen (definite singular)
harper (indefinite plural)
harpe (indefinite nominative singular)
harpen (definite nominative singular)
harper (indefinite nominative plural)
harperne (definite nominative plural)
harpes (genitive indefinite singular)
harpens (definite genitive singular)
harpers (genitive indefinite plural)
harpernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Danish harpæ, from Old Norse harpa (“harp”), from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ. Compare Norwegian Bokmål harpe, Swedish and Icelandic harpa, German Harfe, Dutch and English harp.


harpe

From Late Latin harpa, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ.


harpe

English: harp


harpe

harpa (definite singular)
harpen (definite singular)
harper (indefinite plural)
harpene (definite plural)

From Old Norse harpa, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ. Compare with Danish harpe, Swedish and Icelandic harpa, German Harfe, Dutch and English harp.


harpe

harpa (definite singular)
harper (indefinite plural)
harpene (definite plural)

From Old Norse harpa, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ.


lyra

la-noun

lyra f (genitive lyrae); first declension

lyrae (genitive)
lyra (nominative singular)
lyrae (nominative plural)
lyrae (genitive singular)
lyrārum (genitive plural)
lyrae (dative singular)
lyrīs (dative plural)
lyram (accusative singular)
lyrās (accusative plural)
lyrā (ablative singular)
lyrīs (ablative plural)
lyra (singular vocative)
lyrae (plural vocative)

→ English: Lyra

→ English: lyra

→ French: lyre

→ Spanish: lira

‘septēna putāris, Plēiadum numerum, fīla dedisse lyrae’
‘‘you are thought to have given seven – the number of the Pleiads – strings to the lyre’’

(The muse Calliope credits Hermes/Mercury with inventing the lyre, and giving it seven strings to honor his mother Maia, eldest of the Pleiades (Greek mythology).)


lyra

lyra (indefinite nominative singular)
lyran (definite nominative singular)
lyror (indefinite nominative plural)
lyrorna (definite nominative plural)
lyras (genitive indefinite singular)
lyrans (definite genitive singular)
lyrors (genitive indefinite plural)
lyrornas (definite genitive plural)

(music) a lyre (stringed musical instrument)


major

en-adj

major (comparative more major, superlative most major)

more major (comparative)
most major (superlative)

From Middle English major, from Latin maior, comparative of magnus (“great, large; noble, important”), from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂yōs (“greater”), comparative of *meǵh₂- (“great”). Compare West Frisian majoar (“major”), Dutch majoor (“major”), French majeur. Doublet of mayor.

major scale

Having intervals of a semitone between the third and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees. (of a scale)

major third

Equivalent to that between the tonic and another note of a major scale, and greater by a semitone than the corresponding minor interval. (of an interval)

major triad

durový

music: containing the note which is a major third above the tonic

(postpositive) (of a key) Based on a major scale, tending to produce a bright or joyful effect.

(campanology) Bell changes rung on eight bells.


major

pääaineopiskelija

student specializing in a specified subject

(campanology) A system of change-ringing using eight bells.


major

ca-adj

major m or f (masculine and feminine plural majors)


vinco

Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico

Attested since the 15th century (binco). Semi-learned borrowing from Latin vinculum. Doublet of brinco and vínculo.


opus

Beethoven's "Razumovsky" Quartets, Op. 59, are considered by many to be the beginning of the Romantic era.

(music) A work of music or set of works with a specified rank in an ordering of a composer's complete published works.

опус

a work of music or set of works with a specified rank


opus

opus (nominative singular)
opukset (nominative plural)
opus (accusative nominative singular)
opukset (accusative nominative plural)
opuksen (accusative genitive singular)
opukset (accusative genitive plural)
opuksen (genitive singular)
opusten (genitive plural)
opuksien (genitive plural)
opusta (partitive singular)
opuksia (partitive plural)
opuksessa (inessive singular)
opuksissa (inessive plural)
opuksesta (elative singular)
opuksista (elative plural)
opukseen (illative singular)
opuksiin (illative plural)
opuksella (adessive singular)
opuksilla (adessive plural)
opukselta (ablative singular)
opuksilta (ablative plural)
opukselle (allative singular)
opuksille (allative plural)
opuksena (essive singular)
opuksina (essive plural)
opukseksi (singular translative)
opuksiksi (plural translative)
opuksetta (abessive singular)
opuksitta (abessive plural)
opuksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
opukseni (nominative singular)
opukseni (nominative plural)
opukseni (accusative nominative singular)
opukseni (accusative nominative plural)
opukseni (accusative genitive singular)
opukseni (accusative genitive plural)
opukseni (genitive singular)
opusteni (genitive plural)
opuksieni (genitive plural)
opustani (partitive singular)
opuksiani (partitive plural)
opuksessani (inessive singular)
opuksissani (inessive plural)
opuksestani (elative singular)
opuksistani (elative plural)
opukseeni (illative singular)
opuksiini (illative plural)
opuksellani (adessive singular)
opuksillani (adessive plural)
opukseltani (ablative singular)
opuksiltani (ablative plural)
opukselleni (allative singular)
opuksilleni (allative plural)
opuksenani (essive singular)
opuksinani (essive plural)
opuksekseni (singular translative)
opuksikseni (plural translative)
opuksettani (abessive singular)
opuksittani (abessive plural)
opuksineni (comitative plural)
opuksesi (nominative singular)
opuksesi (nominative plural)
opuksesi (accusative nominative singular)
opuksesi (accusative nominative plural)
opuksesi (accusative genitive singular)
opuksesi (accusative genitive plural)
opuksesi (genitive singular)
opustesi (genitive plural)
opuksiesi (genitive plural)
opustasi (partitive singular)
opuksiasi (partitive plural)
opuksessasi (inessive singular)
opuksissasi (inessive plural)
opuksestasi (elative singular)
opuksistasi (elative plural)
opukseesi (illative singular)
opuksiisi (illative plural)
opuksellasi (adessive singular)
opuksillasi (adessive plural)
opukseltasi (ablative singular)
opuksiltasi (ablative plural)
opuksellesi (allative singular)
opuksillesi (allative plural)
opuksenasi (essive singular)
opuksinasi (essive plural)
opukseksesi (singular translative)
opuksiksesi (plural translative)
opuksettasi (abessive singular)
opuksittasi (abessive plural)
opuksinesi (comitative plural)
opuksemme (nominative singular)
opuksemme (nominative plural)
opuksemme (accusative nominative singular)
opuksemme (accusative nominative plural)
opuksemme (accusative genitive singular)
opuksemme (accusative genitive plural)
opuksemme (genitive singular)
opustemme (genitive plural)
opuksiemme (genitive plural)
opustamme (partitive singular)
opuksiamme (partitive plural)
opuksessamme (inessive singular)
opuksissamme (inessive plural)
opuksestamme (elative singular)
opuksistamme (elative plural)
opukseemme (illative singular)
opuksiimme (illative plural)
opuksellamme (adessive singular)
opuksillamme (adessive plural)
opukseltamme (ablative singular)
opuksiltamme (ablative plural)
opuksellemme (allative singular)
opuksillemme (allative plural)
opuksenamme (essive singular)
opuksinamme (essive plural)
opukseksemme (singular translative)
opuksiksemme (plural translative)
opuksettamme (abessive singular)
opuksittamme (abessive plural)
opuksinemme (comitative plural)
opuksenne (nominative singular)
opuksenne (nominative plural)
opuksenne (accusative nominative singular)
opuksenne (accusative nominative plural)
opuksenne (accusative genitive singular)
opuksenne (accusative genitive plural)
opuksenne (genitive singular)
opustenne (genitive plural)
opuksienne (genitive plural)
opustanne (partitive singular)
opuksianne (partitive plural)
opuksessanne (inessive singular)
opuksissanne (inessive plural)
opuksestanne (elative singular)
opuksistanne (elative plural)
opukseenne (illative singular)
opuksiinne (illative plural)
opuksellanne (adessive singular)
opuksillanne (adessive plural)
opukseltanne (ablative singular)
opuksiltanne (ablative plural)
opuksellenne (allative singular)
opuksillenne (allative plural)
opuksenanne (essive singular)
opuksinanne (essive plural)
opukseksenne (singular translative)
opuksiksenne (plural translative)
opuksettanne (abessive singular)
opuksittanne (abessive plural)
opuksinenne (comitative plural)
opuksensa (nominative singular)
opuksensa (nominative plural)
opuksensa (accusative nominative singular)
opuksensa (accusative nominative plural)
opuksensa (accusative genitive singular)
opuksensa (accusative genitive plural)
opuksensa (genitive singular)
opustensa (genitive plural)
opuksiensa (genitive plural)
opustaan (partitive singular)
opustansa (partitive singular)
opuksiaan (partitive plural)
opuksiansa (partitive plural)
opuksessaan (inessive singular)
opuksessansa (inessive singular)
opuksissaan (inessive plural)
opuksissansa (inessive plural)
opuksestaan (elative singular)
opuksestansa (elative singular)
opuksistaan (elative plural)
opuksistansa (elative plural)
opukseensa (illative singular)
opuksiinsa (illative plural)
opuksellaan (adessive singular)
opuksellansa (adessive singular)
opuksillaan (adessive plural)
opuksillansa (adessive plural)
opukseltaan (ablative singular)
opukseltansa (ablative singular)
opuksiltaan (ablative plural)
opuksiltansa (ablative plural)
opukselleen (allative singular)
opuksellensa (allative singular)
opuksilleen (allative plural)
opuksillensa (allative plural)
opuksenaan (essive singular)
opuksenansa (essive singular)
opuksinaan (essive plural)
opuksinansa (essive plural)
opuksekseen (singular translative)
opukseksensa (singular translative)
opuksikseen (plural translative)
opuksiksensa (plural translative)
opuksettaan (abessive singular)
opuksettansa (abessive singular)
opuksittaan (abessive plural)
opuksittansa (abessive plural)
opuksineen (comitative plural)
opuksinensa (comitative plural)


doh

Audio (US)

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the first and eighth tonic of a major scale.


label

→ Danish: label

→ Dutch: label

→ French: label

→ Japanese: ラベル (raberu)

→ Polish: label

From Middle English label (“narrow band, strip of cloth”), from Old French label, lambel (Modern French lambeau), from Frankish *lappā (“torn piece of cloth”), from Proto-Germanic *lappǭ, *lappô (“cloth stuff, rag, scraps, flap, dewlap, lobe, rabbit ear”), from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“blade”). Cognate with Old High German lappa (“rag, piece of cloth”), Old English læppa (“skirt, flap of a garment”). More at lap.

cog

The label signed the band after hearing a demo tape.


label

Borrowed from English label, itself from Old French label, lambel (“fringe, strip”), 1899.


label

label (nominative singular)
labele (nominative plural)
labela (genitive singular)
labeli (genitive plural)
labelowi (dative singular)
labelom (dative plural)
label (accusative singular)
labele (accusative plural)
labelem (instrumental singular)
labelami (instrumental plural)
labelu (locative singular)
labelach (locative plural)
labelu (singular vocative)
labele (plural vocative)


system

→ Japanese: システム (shisutemu)

Partly borrowed from Middle French sisteme, systeme, partly directly from its etymon Late Latin systēma (“harmony; musical scale; set of celestial objects; set of troops; system”), from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠνίστημῐ (sunístēmi, “to combine, organize”) + -μᾰ (-ma, resultative suffix). σῠνίστημῐ is from σῠν- (sun-, “with, together”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”).
Cognate with Dutch systeem, modern French système, German System, Italian sistema, Portuguese sistema, Spanish sistema. Doublet of systema.

sistem

To notate music that is played on a piano or is played by different musicians on various instruments, one often uses several staves to notate the various musical voices. A single vertical line drawn to the left of multiple staves creates a staff system, which indicates that the music on all staves is to be played simultaneously. A bracket is an additional vertically aligned symbol joining staves. This symbol shows groupings of instruments that function as a unit, such as the string section of an orchestra[…].

2015, Meinhard Müller, “Music Representations”, in Fundamentals of Music Processing: Audio, Analysis, Algorithms, Applications, Cham, Switzerland, Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, section 1.1.2 (Western Music Notation), page 8:

A group or set of related things that operate together as a complex whole.

(music) A set of staves linked by a brace that indicate instruments or sounds that are to be played simultaneously.

譜表組

(music) set of staves indicating instruments or sounds to be played simultaneously


system

pl-noun

system m inan (diminutive systemik, related adjective systemowy)

systemik (diminutive)
systemowy (adjective)
system (nominative singular)
systemy (nominative plural)
systemu (genitive singular)
systemów (genitive plural)
systemowi (dative singular)
systemom (dative plural)
system (accusative singular)
systemy (accusative plural)
systemem (instrumental singular)
systemami (instrumental plural)
systemie (locative singular)
systemach (locative plural)
systemie (singular vocative)
systemy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French système. First attested in 1628.

ref

Maksym (Melecjusz) Smotrycki (1628) APOLOGIA PEREGRYNATIEY do Kráiow Wschodnich, Przez mię MELETIVSZA SMOTRZYSKIE[G]O … Roku P. 1623 y 24. obchodzonej, przez fałszywą Bracią słownie y na pismie spotwarzoney, do przezacnego Narodu Ruskieo … sporządzona y podana. A. 1628. Augusti, Die 25. w Monasteru Dermaniu (in Polish), page 4: “O rzecz drugą, iż Haeretyckie swe bluźnierstwá poddał pod obronę systemu Kátholikowi, mężowi wysokich cnot, y okazáłey pobożnośći.”

(obsolete, music) system (set of staves linked by a brace that indicate instruments or sounds that are to be played simultaneously)


cornu

la-noun

cornū n (genitive cornūs); fourth declension

cornū (canonical neuter)
cornūs (genitive)
cornū (nominative singular)
cornua (nominative plural)
cornūs (genitive singular)
cornuum (genitive plural)
cornū (dative singular)
cornibus (dative plural)
cornū (accusative singular)
cornua (accusative plural)
cornū (ablative singular)
cornibus (ablative plural)
cornū (singular vocative)
cornua (plural vocative)

Aromanian: cornu

Asturian: cuernu

Catalan: corn

Dalmatian: cuarno

English: cornet, corn, -corn

Esperanto: korno

Franco-Provençal: côrna

French: cor, corne

Friulian: cuar

Galician: corno

Ido: korno

→ Irish: corn

Istriot: cuorno

Italian: corno

Old French: corn, corne

Portuguese: corno

Romanian: corn

Romansch: corn, corna

Sardinian: corru

Sicilian: cornu

Spanish: cuerno

Venetian: corno

→ Welsh: corn

Occitan: còrn

Inherited from Proto-Italic *kornū. Cognate with English horn, hirn; Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “skull”), κέρας (kéras, “horn”); Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅgá, “horn, tusk”). See also cerebrum (“brain”), cervus (“deer”).

cog

musical instrument
musical instrument#English


crust

en-noun

crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)

From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).

cog

(music) Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)


steel

en-noun

steel (countable and uncountable, plural steels)

From Middle English stele, stel, from Old English stīele, from Proto-West Germanic *stahlī (“something made of steel”), enlargement of *stahl (“steel”), from Proto-Germanic *stahlą, from *stah- or *stag- (“to be firm, rigid”), from Proto-Indo-European *stak- (“to stay, to be firm”). Compare Scots stele, Yola stehli.

der

(music, guitar) A type of slide used while playing the steel guitar.


lento

en-adj

lento (comparative more lento, superlative most lento)

more lento (comparative)
most lento (superlative)


lento

(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played very slowly.


lento

Borrowed from Italian lento. Doublet of lent.


lento

Unadapted borrowing from Italian lento, from Latin lentus.


passer

passer (infinitive)
avoir (infinitive multiword-construction)
être + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
passant (gerund participle present)
ayant (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
étant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
passé (participle past)
passe (first-person indicative present singular)
passes (indicative present second-person singular)
passe (indicative present singular third-person)
passons (first-person indicative plural present)
passez (indicative plural present second-person)
passent (indicative plural present third-person)
passais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
passais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
passait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
passions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
passiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
passaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
passai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
passas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
passa (historic indicative past singular third-person)
passâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
passâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
passèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
passerai (first-person future indicative singular)
passeras (future indicative second-person singular)
passera (future indicative singular third-person)
passerons (first-person future indicative plural)
passerez (future indicative plural second-person)
passeront (future indicative plural third-person)
passerais (conditional first-person singular)
passerais (conditional second-person singular)
passerait (conditional singular third-person)
passerions (conditional first-person plural)
passeriez (conditional plural second-person)
passeraient (conditional plural third-person)
present indicative of avoir (indicative multiword-construction perfect present)
être + past participle (indicative multiword-construction perfect present)
imperfect indicative of avoir (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect)
être + past participle (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect)
past historic of avoir (anterior indicative multiword-construction past)
être + past participle (anterior indicative multiword-construction past)
future of avoir (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
être + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
être + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
passe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
passes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
passe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
passions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
passiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
passent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
passasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
passasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
passât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
passassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
passassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
passassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
present subjunctive of avoir (multiword-construction past subjunctive)
être + past participle (multiword-construction past subjunctive)
imperfect subjunctive of avoir (multiword-construction pluperfect subjunctive)
être + past participle (multiword-construction pluperfect subjunctive)
passe (imperative second-person singular)
passons (first-person imperative plural)
passez (imperative plural second-person)
simple imperative of avoir (imperative multiword-construction second-person singular)
être + past participle (imperative multiword-construction second-person singular)
simple imperative of avoir (first-person imperative multiword-construction plural)
être + past participle (first-person imperative multiword-construction plural)
simple imperative of avoir (imperative multiword-construction plural second-person)
être + past participle (imperative multiword-construction plural second-person)

→ Alemannic German: passiere

→ German: passieren

desc

Romanian: → pasa, → trece (semantic loan)

Inherited from Middle French passer, from Old French passer, from Vulgar Latin *passāre, derived from Latin passus (“step”, noun).


lip

en-noun

lip (countable and uncountable, plural lips)

From Middle English lippe, from Old English lippa, lippe (“lip”), from Proto-West Germanic *lippjō (“lip”), from Proto-Germanic *lepô, from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely, droop, sag”).
Cognate with West Frisian lippe (“lip”), Dutch lip (“lip”), German Lippe and Lefze (“lip”), Swedish läpp (“lip”), Norwegian leppe (“lip”),
Danish læbe (“lip”),
Latin labium (“lip”).

der

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

(music, colloquial) Embouchure: the condition or strength of a wind instrumentalist's lips.


lip

en-verb

lip (third-person singular simple present lips, present participle lipping, simple past and past participle lipped)

lips (present singular third-person)
lipping (participle present)
lipped (participle past)
lipped (past)

(transitive, music) To change the sound of (a musical note played on a wind instrument) by moving or tensing the lips.


dreadnought

Named after HMS Dreadnought, the first battleship finished of this type, itself named for Etymology 2.

(by extension) One that is the largest or the most powerful of its kind.

(music) A type of acoustic guitar with a very large body and a waist that is less pronounced than on other guitar shapes, producing a deep, bold sound.


key signature

The key signatures of D major and b minor both have two sharps.

(music) An indication of the key of a composition, giving the number of sharps or flats in the corresponding scale.


ketju

ketju (nominative singular)
ketjut (nominative plural)
ketju (accusative nominative singular)
ketjut (accusative nominative plural)
ketjun (accusative genitive singular)
ketjut (accusative genitive plural)
ketjun (genitive singular)
ketjujen (genitive plural)
ketjua (partitive singular)
ketjuja (partitive plural)
ketjussa (inessive singular)
ketjuissa (inessive plural)
ketjusta (elative singular)
ketjuista (elative plural)
ketjuun (illative singular)
ketjuihin (illative plural)
ketjulla (adessive singular)
ketjuilla (adessive plural)
ketjulta (ablative singular)
ketjuilta (ablative plural)
ketjulle (allative singular)
ketjuille (allative plural)
ketjuna (essive singular)
ketjuina (essive plural)
ketjuksi (singular translative)
ketjuiksi (plural translative)
ketjutta (abessive singular)
ketjuitta (abessive plural)
ketjuin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
ketjuni (nominative singular)
ketjuni (nominative plural)
ketjuni (accusative nominative singular)
ketjuni (accusative nominative plural)
ketjuni (accusative genitive singular)
ketjuni (accusative genitive plural)
ketjuni (genitive singular)
ketjujeni (genitive plural)
ketjuani (partitive singular)
ketjujani (partitive plural)
ketjussani (inessive singular)
ketjuissani (inessive plural)
ketjustani (elative singular)
ketjuistani (elative plural)
ketjuuni (illative singular)
ketjuihini (illative plural)
ketjullani (adessive singular)
ketjuillani (adessive plural)
ketjultani (ablative singular)
ketjuiltani (ablative plural)
ketjulleni (allative singular)
ketjuilleni (allative plural)
ketjunani (essive singular)
ketjuinani (essive plural)
ketjukseni (singular translative)
ketjuikseni (plural translative)
ketjuttani (abessive singular)
ketjuittani (abessive plural)
ketjuineni (comitative plural)
ketjusi (nominative singular)
ketjusi (nominative plural)
ketjusi (accusative nominative singular)
ketjusi (accusative nominative plural)
ketjusi (accusative genitive singular)
ketjusi (accusative genitive plural)
ketjusi (genitive singular)
ketjujesi (genitive plural)
ketjuasi (partitive singular)
ketjujasi (partitive plural)
ketjussasi (inessive singular)
ketjuissasi (inessive plural)
ketjustasi (elative singular)
ketjuistasi (elative plural)
ketjuusi (illative singular)
ketjuihisi (illative plural)
ketjullasi (adessive singular)
ketjuillasi (adessive plural)
ketjultasi (ablative singular)
ketjuiltasi (ablative plural)
ketjullesi (allative singular)
ketjuillesi (allative plural)
ketjunasi (essive singular)
ketjuinasi (essive plural)
ketjuksesi (singular translative)
ketjuiksesi (plural translative)
ketjuttasi (abessive singular)
ketjuittasi (abessive plural)
ketjuinesi (comitative plural)
ketjumme (nominative singular)
ketjumme (nominative plural)
ketjumme (accusative nominative singular)
ketjumme (accusative nominative plural)
ketjumme (accusative genitive singular)
ketjumme (accusative genitive plural)
ketjumme (genitive singular)
ketjujemme (genitive plural)
ketjuamme (partitive singular)
ketjujamme (partitive plural)
ketjussamme (inessive singular)
ketjuissamme (inessive plural)
ketjustamme (elative singular)
ketjuistamme (elative plural)
ketjuumme (illative singular)
ketjuihimme (illative plural)
ketjullamme (adessive singular)
ketjuillamme (adessive plural)
ketjultamme (ablative singular)
ketjuiltamme (ablative plural)
ketjullemme (allative singular)
ketjuillemme (allative plural)
ketjunamme (essive singular)
ketjuinamme (essive plural)
ketjuksemme (singular translative)
ketjuiksemme (plural translative)
ketjuttamme (abessive singular)
ketjuittamme (abessive plural)
ketjuinemme (comitative plural)
ketjunne (nominative singular)
ketjunne (nominative plural)
ketjunne (accusative nominative singular)
ketjunne (accusative nominative plural)
ketjunne (accusative genitive singular)
ketjunne (accusative genitive plural)
ketjunne (genitive singular)
ketjujenne (genitive plural)
ketjuanne (partitive singular)
ketjujanne (partitive plural)
ketjussanne (inessive singular)
ketjuissanne (inessive plural)
ketjustanne (elative singular)
ketjuistanne (elative plural)
ketjuunne (illative singular)
ketjuihinne (illative plural)
ketjullanne (adessive singular)
ketjuillanne (adessive plural)
ketjultanne (ablative singular)
ketjuiltanne (ablative plural)
ketjullenne (allative singular)
ketjuillenne (allative plural)
ketjunanne (essive singular)
ketjuinanne (essive plural)
ketjuksenne (singular translative)
ketjuiksenne (plural translative)
ketjuttanne (abessive singular)
ketjuittanne (abessive plural)
ketjuinenne (comitative plural)
ketjunsa (nominative singular)
ketjunsa (nominative plural)
ketjunsa (accusative nominative singular)
ketjunsa (accusative nominative plural)
ketjunsa (accusative genitive singular)
ketjunsa (accusative genitive plural)
ketjunsa (genitive singular)
ketjujensa (genitive plural)
ketjuaan (partitive singular)
ketjuansa (partitive singular)
ketjujaan (partitive plural)
ketjujansa (partitive plural)
ketjussaan (inessive singular)
ketjussansa (inessive singular)
ketjuissaan (inessive plural)
ketjuissansa (inessive plural)
ketjustaan (elative singular)
ketjustansa (elative singular)
ketjuistaan (elative plural)
ketjuistansa (elative plural)
ketjuunsa (illative singular)
ketjuihinsa (illative plural)
ketjullaan (adessive singular)
ketjullansa (adessive singular)
ketjuillaan (adessive plural)
ketjuillansa (adessive plural)
ketjultaan (ablative singular)
ketjultansa (ablative singular)
ketjuiltaan (ablative plural)
ketjuiltansa (ablative plural)
ketjulleen (allative singular)
ketjullensa (allative singular)
ketjuilleen (allative plural)
ketjuillensa (allative plural)
ketjunaan (essive singular)
ketjunansa (essive singular)
ketjuinaan (essive plural)
ketjuinansa (essive plural)
ketjukseen (singular translative)
ketjuksensa (singular translative)
ketjuikseen (plural translative)
ketjuiksensa (plural translative)
ketjuttaan (abessive singular)
ketjuttansa (abessive singular)
ketjuittaan (abessive plural)
ketjuittansa (abessive plural)
ketjuineen (comitative plural)
ketjuinensa (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Swedish kedja, ultimately from Latin catēna, compare Karelian ket’t’u.


envelope

PIE word
 *h₁én
From French enveloppe. The engineering sense is derived from flight envelope. The verb is from the noun.

(music) The shape of a sound, which may be controlled by a synthesizer or sampler.


pattern

From earlier patten, paterne, from Middle English patron (“patron; example”), from Old French patron, from Medieval Latin patrōnus (“patron”). Doublet of padrone, patron, and Patronus.

skemo

intelligible arrangement which has a mathematical, geometric, statistical etc. relationship

Pattern 10 is open in figure 3.9, showing the 64 notes in the pattern (each pattern in this song has 64 beats).

2008, Karen Collins, Game Sound, page 59:

A MOD file contains a number of short audio samples, and instructions or a “pattern” for how and when those samples are to be played.

2017, Gerard Goggin, Mark McLelland, The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories, page 444:

(computing, music) A sequence of notes, percussion etc. in a tracker module, usable once or many times within the song.


morna

en-noun

morna (countable and uncountable, plural mornas)

She [Cesária Évora] is most famous for singing morna, which roughly translates to “songs of mourning.” As with many other kinds of folk music, morna songs are handed down from generation to generation, tracing dominant themes in a people's history.

2005, Kate Tuttle, “Evora, Cesaria”, in edited by Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates (Jr.), Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 593:

(uncountable, music) A genre of Cape Verdean music and dance.


flag

(music) A hook attached to the stem of a written note that assigns its rhythmic value


cob

cob (countable and uncountable, plural cobs)

Of uncertain origin. The word has many disparate senses, which are likely of diverse origin. The specifics of these origins have long been debated, as has the question of which senses arise from which origins. At least the swan sense originated in Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”). Some other senses likely originated as a variant of cop (“head, top, peak, summit”). In other senses, the word may be related to cub, itself of obscure origin but possibly from Old Norse kobbi (“seal”). However, many alternative etymologies have been proposed to account for some or all senses of cob; various sources have related it, for example, to English cot (“cottage”), Welsh cob (“top, tuft”), or German Kübel (“large container”). All these etymologies are disputed, and the exact origins of cob cannot be known with any certainty.

inh

(music, historical) A cylinder with pins in it, encoding music to be played back mechanically by a barrel organ.


alternative

From Middle French alternatif, from Medieval Latin alternātīvus (“alternating”), from the participle stem of Latin alternō (“interchange, alternate”). Compare alternate.


double

half

antonym(s) of “made up of two matching or complementary elements”

→ Gulf Arabic: دبل (dabal)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English double, from Old French doble, double, from Latin duplus (“twofold”). Doublet of doppio and duple.

a double bass

(music) Of an instrument, sounding an octave lower.

contra

in music, of an instrument, sounding an octave lower


double

(music) Playing the same part on two instruments, alternately.

The saxophone is a valuable and rewarding double, and opens up many gigs that aren’t available to players of just the “orchestral” woodwinds.

2020 January 4, Bret Pimentel, “Woodwind doubling and saxophone problems”, in Bret Pimentel, woodwinds:

(music) A secondary instrument with which a musician is skilled.


double

en-verb

double (third-person singular simple present doubles, present participle doubling, simple past and past participle doubled)

doubles (present singular third-person)
doubling (participle present)
doubled (participle past)
doubled (past)

(music) To duplicate (a part) either in unison or at the octave above or below it.

(music, intransitive, usually followed by "on") To be capable of performing (upon an additional instrument).

dubblera

music: to be capable of performing upon an additional instrument


double

→ Romanian: dublu

Inherited from Old French doble, from Latin duplus.

une double croche


lattice

→ Japanese: ラティス (ratisu)

From Middle English latis, from Middle French lattis (“lathing”), from Old French lattis, from latte (“a lath”), from Frankish *lattā, *lattu (“a lath”), from Proto-Germanic *lattǭ, *lattō, *laþþō (“board; plank; ledge”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)latn-, *(s)lat- (“beam; log”). Cognate with Old High German latta (“lath”), (German Latte), Old English lætt (“lath”), Middle Low German lāde (“plank, counter, sales counter”), German Laden (“shop”). More at lath.

cog

(music) A model of the tuning relationships of a just intonation system, comprising an array of points in a periodic multidimensional pattern.


ping pong

en-noun

ping pong (countable and uncountable, plural ping pongs)

→ Chinese: 乒乓球 (pīngpāngqiú)

→ Greek: πινγκ πονγκ (pingk pongk)

→ Italian: ping pong

→ Japanese: ピンポン (pin pon)

→ Korean: 핑퐁 (pingpong)

→ Portuguese: pingue-pongue

→ Russian: пинг-понг (ping-pong)

→ Spanish: ping pong

Onomatopoeic. The name “ping-pong” was in wide use before British manufacturer J. Jaques & Son Ltd trademarked it in 1901. Jaques sold the rights to the “ping-pong” name in the United States to Parker Brothers. Registered in the United States in 1930, Ping-Pong (with dash) is still a registered wordmark of Parker Brothers, Inc. Contrary to a common misconception, the word does not originate from Chinese 乒乓 (pīngpāng), though there are possibilities that the coiners encountered Chinese themselves.

Most ping pongs were 35- to 45-gallon drums. The larger drum had room for more notes; the tones were also louder and clearer and could be sustained longer.

2012, Angela Smith, Steel Drums and Steelbands: A History, page 158:


fuga

it-noun

fuga f (plural fughe, diminutive fughétta, augmentative fugóna or fugóne)

fughe (plural)
fughétta (diminutive)
fugóna (augmentative)
fugóne (augmentative)

→ Arabic: فوغا (fūḡā)

→ Armenian: ֆուգա (fuga)

→ Azerbaijani: fuqa

→ Bulgarian: фуга (fuga)

→ Catalan: fuga

→ Chinese: 賦格／赋格 (fùgé)

→ Danish: fuga

→ Dutch: fuga

→ English: fuga

→ Estonian: fuuga

→ Finnish: fuuga

→ Friulian: fughe

→ Georgian: ფუგა (puga)

desctree

→ German: Fuge
→ Czech: fuga
→ Russian: фуга (fuga)
→ Kazakh: фуга (fuga)

→ Greek: φούγκα (foúgka)

→ Hungarian: fúga

→ Icelandic: fúga

→ Japanese: フーガ

→ Korean: 푸가 (puga)

→ Lithuanian: fuga

→ Macedonian: фуга (fuga)

→ Portuguese: fuga

→ Romanian: fugă

→ Slovak: fuga

→ Slovene: fuga

→ Spanish: fuga

→ Swedish: fuga

→ Turkish: füg

Borrowed from Latin fuga. Compare the inherited doublet foga.


fuga

fuga (nominative singular)
fugi (nominative plural)
fugi (genitive singular)
fug (genitive plural)
fudze (dative singular)
fugom (dative plural)
fugę (accusative singular)
fugi (accusative plural)
fugą (instrumental singular)
fugami (instrumental plural)
fudze (locative singular)
fugach (locative plural)
fugo (singular vocative)
fugi (plural vocative)


fuga

(music) fugue (piece of music wherein a particular melody is played in a number of voices)


fuga

fúga (canonical feminine)
фу́га (Cyrillic)
fúga (nominative singular)
fúge (nominative plural)
fúgē (genitive singular)
fúgā (genitive plural)
fúgi (dative singular)
fúgama (dative plural)
fúgu (accusative singular)
fúge (accusative plural)
fȗgo (singular vocative)
fúge (plural vocative)
fȗge (plural vocative)
fúgi (locative singular)
fúgama (locative plural)
fúgōm (instrumental singular)
fúgama (instrumental plural)

sh-decl-noun

fúge / fȗgeᵃʳᶜʰᵃⁱᶜ

Borrowed from Italian fuga (“musical form, fleeing”).


fuga

fuga (indefinite nominative singular)
fugan (definite nominative singular)
fugor (indefinite nominative plural)
fugorna (definite nominative plural)
fugas (genitive indefinite singular)
fugans (definite genitive singular)
fugors (genitive indefinite plural)
fugornas (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed from Italian fuga, from Latin fuga (“flight; escape”).


horn

en-noun

horn (countable and uncountable, plural horns)

From Middle English horn, horne, from Old English horn, from Proto-West Germanic *horn, from Proto-Germanic *hurną. Compare West Frisian hoarn, Dutch hoorn, Low German Hoorn, horn, German Horn, Danish and Swedish horn, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn).
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-nó-m, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”). Compare Breton kern (“horn”), Latin cornū, Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras), Proto-Slavic *sьrna, Old Church Slavonic сьрна (sĭrna, “roedeer”), Hittite [script needed] (surna, “horn”), Persian سر (sar), Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”).
(telephone): From the horn-shaped earpieces of old communication systems that used air tubes.

cog

hunting horn

(countable, music) An instrument resembling a musical horn and used to signal others.

(informal, music, countable) Generally, any brass wind instrument.

рог

informal: generally, any brass wind instrument


horn

fo-noun

horn n (genitive singular horns, plural horn)

horns (genitive singular)
horn (plural)
horn (indefinite nominative singular)
hornið (definite nominative singular)
horn (indefinite nominative plural)
hornini (definite nominative plural)
horn (accusative indefinite singular)
hornið (accusative definite singular)
horn (accusative indefinite plural)
hornini (accusative definite plural)
horni (dative indefinite singular)
horninum (dative definite singular)
hornum (dative indefinite plural)
hornunum (dative definite plural)
horns (genitive indefinite singular)
hornsins (definite genitive singular)
horna (genitive indefinite plural)
hornanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse horn, from Proto-Norse ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ (horna), from Proto-Germanic *hurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-.


horn

head

horn n (genitive singular horns, nominative plural horn)

horns (genitive singular)
horn (nominative plural)
horn (indefinite nominative singular)
hornið (definite nominative singular)
horn (indefinite nominative plural)
hornin (definite nominative plural)
horn (accusative indefinite singular)
hornið (accusative definite singular)
horn (accusative indefinite plural)
hornin (accusative definite plural)
horni (dative indefinite singular)
horninu (dative definite singular)
hornum (dative indefinite plural)
hornunum (dative definite plural)
horns (genitive indefinite singular)
hornsins (definite genitive singular)
horna (genitive indefinite plural)
hornanna (definite genitive plural)


horn

hornet (definite singular)
horn (indefinite plural)
horna (definite plural)
hornene (definite plural)


horn

hornet (definite singular)
horn (indefinite plural)
horna (definite plural)


horn

horn (indefinite nominative singular)
hornet (definite nominative singular)
horn (indefinite nominative plural)
hornen (definite nominative plural)
horns (genitive indefinite singular)
hornets (definite genitive singular)
horns (genitive indefinite plural)
hornens (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse horn, from Proto-Norse ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ (horna), from Proto-Germanic *hurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-.


tube

→ Romanian: tub

→ Turkish: tüp

Chacune de ses chansons était un tube.


grasshopper

/ˈɡɹɑːsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/

/ɡɹæsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/

/ˈɡɹæsˌhɑpəɹ/

From Middle English grashoppere, alteration of earlier grashoppe, from Old English græshoppa (“grasshopper”). Equivalent to grass + hopper.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gäärshupper, Dutch grashupper, grashipper, German Low German Grashüpper, Gresshüpper, German Grashüpfer, Danish græshoppe, Swedish gräshoppa, Norwegian gresshoppe.

John Geib […]patented the hopper with two separate escapements, one of which soon became adopted in the grasshopper of the square piano

1894, “Pianoforte”, in Encyclopædia_Britannica:

(music) In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key.


speaker

From Middle English speker, spekere, an alteration (with change of suffix) of Old English speca, spreca (“speaker”), from Proto-Germanic *sprekô (“speaker”), equivalent to speak + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Spreeker (“speaker”), West Frisian sprekker (“speaker”), Dutch spreker (“speaker”), German Low German Spreker (“speaker”), German Sprecher (“speaker”).

puhuja

linguistics: producer of a given utterance

(music) A key on a woodwind instrument of the clarinet family (cf octave key on other instruments) which induces the instrument to overblow.


pello

la-verb

pellō (present infinitive pellere, perfect active pepulī, supine pulsum); third conjugation

pellō (canonical)
pellere (infinitive present)
pepulī (active perfect)
pulsum (supine)
pellō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pellis (active indicative present second-person singular)
pellit (active indicative present singular third-person)
pellimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
pellitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
pellunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
pellēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
pellēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
pellēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
pellēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
pellēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
pellēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pellam (active first-person future indicative singular)
pellēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
pellet (active future indicative singular third-person)
pellēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
pellētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
pellent (active future indicative plural third-person)
pepulī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pepulistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
pepulit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepulimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pepulistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepulērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pepulēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pepuleram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
pepulerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
pepulerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
pepulerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
pepulerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
pepulerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
pepulerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
pepuleris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
pepulerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepulerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
pepuleritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepulerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
pellor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pelleris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pellere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pellitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pellimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pelliminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pelluntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pellēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
pellēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
pellēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
pellēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
pellēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
pellēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
pellēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
pellar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
pellēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
pellēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
pellētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
pellēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
pellēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
pellentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
pellam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pellās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pellat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pellāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pellātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pellant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pellerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pellerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pelleret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pellerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pellerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pellerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pepulerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
pepulerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pepulerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pepulerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
pepulerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pepulerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pepulissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
pepulissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pepulisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pepulissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
pepulissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pepulissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pellar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pellāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pellāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pellātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pellāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pellāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pellantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pellerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
pellerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pellerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pellerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
pellerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
pellerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
pellerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
pelle (active imperative present second-person singular)
pellite (active imperative plural present second-person)
pellitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
pellitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
pellitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
pelluntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
pellere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pelliminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
pellitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
pellitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
pelluntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
pellere (active infinitive present)
pepulisse (active infinitive perfect)
pulsūrum esse (active future infinitive)
pellī (infinitive passive present)
pulsum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
pulsum īrī (future infinitive passive)
pellēns (active participle present)
pulsūrus (active future participle)
pulsus (participle passive perfect)
pellendus (future participle passive)
pellundus (future participle passive)
pellendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
pellendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
pellendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
pellendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
pulsum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
pulsū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From Proto-Italic *pelnō or *pelnaō, a nasal-infix present derived from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to drive, strike, thrust”). See Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō), πελεμίζω (pelemízō, “shake, cause to tremble”), ψάλλω (psállō), Latin palpō.


leggero

it-adj

leggero (feminine leggera, masculine plural leggeri, feminine plural leggere, superlative leggerissimo)

leggera (feminine)
leggeri (masculine plural)
leggere (feminine plural)
leggerissimo (superlative)

Borrowed from Old French legier, from Vulgar Latin *leviārius, from Latin levis.

non mi piace la musica leggera


reply

From Middle English replyen, replien, borrowed from Old French replier (“to reply”), from the Latin replicō, replicāre (“I fold back”) (in Late or Medieval Latin "to reply, repeat"), from re + plicō (“I fold”); the noun derives from the verb by nominalisation. Doublet of replicate and replica.


mode

From Old French mode (masculine), from Latin modus (“measure, due measure, rhythm, melody”). Doublet of modus.

(music) One of several ancient Greek scales.

(music) One of several common scales in modern Western music, one of which corresponds to the modern major scale and one to the natural minor scale.


mode

Borrowed from Latin modus. Doublet of moda, a borrowing through French.


mode

Inherited from Middle French mode, from Old French mode f, ultimately from Latin modus m. The masculine gender was reintroduced for some senses during the Middle French period under influence of the Latin. Doublet of mœuf.


great

mediocre

antonym(s) of “person of major significance, accomplishment or acclaim”

From Middle English greet (“great, large”), from Old English grēat (“big, thick, coarse, massive”), from Proto-West Germanic *graut, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big in size, coarse, coarse grained”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-, *gʰer- (“to rub, grind, remove”).
Cognate with Scots great (“coarse in grain or texture, thick, great”), West Frisian grut (“large, great”), Dutch groot (“large, stour”), German groß (“large”), Old English grēot (“earth, sand, grit”). Related to grit. Doublet of gross.

cog

(music) The main division in a pipe organ, usually the loudest division.


trio

PIE word
 *tréyes
1715-25; borrowing from Italian trio.

I love his music, but it is a bit disconcerting to realize that you could die in extreme old age and still only be familiar with a mere handful of the baryton trios.

2013, Simon Winder, Danubia, Picador, published 2014, page 281:

(music) A piece of music written for three musicians.

trio

a piece of music written for three musicians

(music) A passage in the middle of a minuet, frequently in a different key.


trio

(music) trio (a piece of music written for three musicians)

(music) trio (a group of three musicians)


trio

trio (nominative singular)
tria (nominative plural)
tria (genitive singular)
triów (genitive plural)
triu (dative singular)
triom (dative plural)
trio (accusative singular)
tria (accusative plural)
triem (instrumental singular)
triami (instrumental plural)
triu (locative singular)
triach (locative plural)
trio (singular vocative)
tria (plural vocative)

(music) trio (piece of music written for three musicians)


corda

Inherited from Latin chorda, from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “rope, cord”).

der

a casa d'un penjat no hi anomenis cordes

tant s'estira la corda, que a la fi es trenca


corda

From Old Galician-Portuguese corda (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin chorda (“cord”), from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “string of gut, the string of a lyre”).

(music) string, cord (of a musical instrument)


corda

head

corda m (genitive singular corda, nominative plural cordaí)

corda (genitive singular)
cordaí (nominative plural)
corda (indefinite nominative singular)
cordaí (indefinite nominative plural)
a chorda (indefinite singular vocative)
a chordaí (indefinite plural vocative)
corda (genitive indefinite singular)
cordaí (genitive indefinite plural)
corda (dative indefinite singular)
cordaí (dative indefinite plural)
an corda (definite nominative singular)
na cordaí (definite nominative plural)
an chorda (definite genitive singular)
na gcordaí (definite genitive plural)
leis an gcorda (dative definite singular)
don chorda (dative definite singular)
leis na cordaí (dative definite plural)
corda (mutation mutation-radical)
chorda (lenition mutation)
gcorda (eclipsis mutation)


corda

From Latin chorda (“cord”), from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “string of gut, the string of a lyre”).


ton

→ Turkish: ton

Borrowed from Latin tonus. Doublet of tonus, a later borrowing.

Il y a un ton entre do et ré


ton

ton m (genitive singular toin, nominative plural toin)

toin (genitive singular)
toin (nominative plural)
ton (indefinite nominative singular)
toin (indefinite nominative plural)
a thoin (indefinite singular vocative)
a thona (indefinite plural vocative)
toin (genitive indefinite singular)
ton (genitive indefinite plural)
ton (dative indefinite singular)
toin (dative indefinite plural)
an ton (definite nominative singular)
na toin (definite nominative plural)
an toin (definite genitive singular)
na dton (definite genitive plural)
leis an ton (dative definite singular)
don ton (dative definite singular)
leis na toin (dative definite plural)
ton (mutation mutation-radical)
thon (lenition mutation)
dton (eclipsis mutation)


ton

ton (nominative singular)
tony (nominative plural)
tonu (genitive singular)
tonów (genitive plural)
tonowi (dative singular)
tonom (dative plural)
ton (accusative singular)
tony (accusative plural)
tonem (instrumental singular)
tonami (instrumental plural)
tonie (locative singular)
tonach (locative plural)
tonie (singular vocative)
tony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tónos, from *ten-.


ton

ton (indefinite nominative singular)
tonen (definite nominative singular)
toner (indefinite nominative plural)
tonerna (definite nominative plural)
tons (genitive indefinite singular)
tonens (definite genitive singular)
toners (genitive indefinite plural)
tonernas (definite genitive plural)


labium

Learned borrowing from Latin labium (“a lip”). Doublet of lip.

lbor

(music) The lip against which pressured air is driven to produce sound in a recorder and in a pipe organ with flue pipes.


value

en-noun

value (countable and uncountable, plural values)

From Middle English valew, value, from Old French value, feminine past participle of valoir, from Latin valēre (“be strong, be worth”), from Proto-Italic *walēō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to be strong”).

der

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class V § 812a. Value

The value of a crotchet is twice that of a quaver.

(music) The relative duration of a musical note.


development

en-noun

development (countable and uncountable, plural developments)

From French développement, from Old French desvelopemens (“unrolling”). By surface analysis, develop + -ment. First attested in 1756.

(music) The process by in which previous material is transformed and restated.

ανάπτυξη

music: transformation and restatement of previous material

(music) The second section of a piece of music in sonata form, in which the original theme is revisited in altered and varying form.


figure

→ Japanese: フィギュア (figyua)

From Middle English figure, borrowed from Old French figure, from Latin figūra (“form, shape, form of a word, a figure of speech, Late Latin a sketch, drawing”), from fingō (“to form, shape, mold, fashion”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold, shape, form, knead”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos), Sanskrit देग्धि (degdhi), Old English dāg (“dough”). More at dough. Doublet of figura.

der

Here, Beethoven limits the syncopations and modifications of rhythm which are so prominent in the first and third movements, and employs a rapid, busy, and most melodious figure in the Violins, which is irresistible in its gay and brilliant effect[…]

1888, George Grove, Beethoven's Nine Symphonies: Analytical Essays:

(music) Any short succession of notes, either as melody or as a group of chords, which produce a single complete and distinct impression.

(music) A form of melody or accompaniment kept up through a strain or passage; a motif; a florid embellishment.


figure

en-verb

figure (third-person singular simple present figures, present participle figuring, simple past and past participle figured)

figures (present singular third-person)
figuring (participle present)
figured (participle past)
figured (past)

(music) To write over or under the bass, as figures or other characters, in order to indicate the accompanying chords.


battery

en-noun

battery (countable and uncountable, plural batteries)

Korean: 배터리 (baeteori)

Borrowed from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie (“action of beating”), from batre (“battre”), from Latin battuō (“beat”), from Gaulish. Doublet of batterie.

der

(music) A marching percussion ensemble; the section of the drumline that marches on the field during a performance.


maior

From Old Galician-Portuguese maior, mayor, from Latin māiōrem, from Proto-Indo-European *mag- (“great”) + *-yos (comparative suffix). Doublet of major.


lingua

la-noun

lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension

linguae (genitive)
lingua (nominative singular)
linguae (nominative plural)
linguae (genitive singular)
linguārum (genitive plural)
linguae (dative singular)
linguīs (dative plural)
linguam (accusative singular)
linguās (accusative plural)
linguā (ablative singular)
linguīs (ablative plural)
lingua (singular vocative)
linguae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: limbã

Istro-Romanian: limbĕ

Megleno-Romanian: limbă

Romanian: limbă

Dalmatian:

langa

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: lingua

desctree

Italian: lingua
→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)
→ Maltese: lingwa
→? Sabir: lingua

⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: lengua, lenga

Sicilian: lingua

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: längua

Ligurian: lengua

Lombard: lengua

Piedmontese: lenga

Romagnol: lèngva

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lenghe

Ladin: lënga

desc

Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua

Istriot: lèngua

Venetian: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lengoua

desctree

Old French: langue, lingue, lengue
Middle French: langue
French: langue (see there for further descendants)
Norman: laungue
Picard: lingue
Walloon: linwe

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: lengua

Catalan: llengua

Old Occitan: lengua, lenga
Occitan: lenga
Gascon: lengua
Limousin: linga
Provençal: lengo, lenguo

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: llingua

Extremaduran: luenga

Leonese: llingua

Mirandese: lhéngua

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua
Fala: lengua
Galician: lingua
Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: lengua

Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua

Spanish: lengua
Chavacano: lengua
Papiamentu: lenga

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: lingua

→ Esperanto: lingvo

From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.

[…] homines repertos qui sonum earum addita in transversas harundines aqua foramen inspirantes linguave parva aliqua opposita mora indiscreta redderent similitudine.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.84

[…] there have been found persons who could reproduce the birds' song with an indistinguishable resemblence by putting water into slanted reeds and breathing into the holes or by applying some slight check with the tongue.

(music) the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae

tongue-shaped things:
the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae


bout

From Middle English bught, probably from Old English *buht (“bend, turn”), an unrecorded variant of Old English byht (“a bend, curve”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz (“a bend”). Doublet of bight and bought.

(music) A bulge or widening in a musical instrument, such as either of the two characteristic bulges of a guitar.

poski

music: bulge or widening in a musical instrument


tom

From generic use of the proper name Tom.