hadron

head

hadron (definite accusative hadronu, plural hadronlar)

hadronu (accusative definite)
hadronlar (plural)
hadron (nominative singular)
hadronlar (nominative plural)
hadronu (accusative definite singular)
hadronları (accusative definite plural)
hadrona (dative singular)
hadronlara (dative plural)
hadronda (locative singular)
hadronlarda (locative plural)
hadrondan (ablative singular)
hadronlardan (ablative plural)
hadronun (genitive singular)
hadronların (genitive plural)


cue

From earlier qu, abbreviation of Latin quandō (“when”), marked on actor's play copy where they were to begin.

(electronics, computing) A marker or signal that triggers something, such as the start of an audio recording.


diode

→ French: diode (see there for further descendants)

From di- (“two”) + -ode. Learned formation, coined by William Henry Eccles in 1919, after Ancient Greek δίοδος (díodos, “passage through”), which however is formed not with δι- (di-, “two”) but with δια- (dia-, “through”).

der

I propose to give the name diode to a tube with two electrodes.

1919 April 18, William Eccles, Electrician, page 475:

If a crystal or a diode is used, the amplifier-voltmeter combination may be used with an amplitude-modulated source; or with a c-w source, the detector may be connected to a microammeter or galvanometer as an indicating device.

1949, Samuel Silver, Microwave Antenna Theory and Design, page 593:

In this circuit when the diode is forward biased, the voltage across the diode remains fairly close to the diode's barrier potential.

2005, Robert Diffenderfer, Electronic Devices: Systems and Applications, page 69:

(electronics) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only; used chiefly as a rectifier.


diode

diode (indefinite nominative singular)
dioden (definite nominative singular)
dioder (indefinite nominative plural)
dioderne (definite nominative plural)
diodes (genitive indefinite singular)
diodens (definite genitive singular)
dioders (genitive indefinite plural)
diodernes (definite genitive plural)


diode

→ Turkish: diyot


dipole

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dipole.wav

(physics) Any object (such as a magnet, polar molecule or antenna) that is oppositely charged at two points (or poles).

dipol

any object that is oppositely charged at two points


dynamo

A shortening of dynamo-electric machine. The element dynamo- is ultimately from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis, “power”).

uder

dynamo-electric machine
dynamo-electric machine

(electromagnetism) An electricity generator; a dynamo-electric machine.


dynamo

dynamo (nominative singular)
dynama (nominative plural)
dynama (genitive singular)
dynam (genitive plural)
dynamu (dative singular)
dynamom (dative plural)
dynamo (accusative singular)
dynama (accusative plural)
dynamem (instrumental singular)
dynamami (instrumental plural)
dynamie (locative singular)
dynamach (locative plural)
dynamo (singular vocative)
dynama (plural vocative)

(electromagnetism) dynamo, dynamo-electric machine, DC generator (electrical machine whose main function is to convert mechanical energy into electricity)


erg

erg (nominative singular)
ergi (nominative plural)
erga (genitive singular)
ergów (genitive plural)
ergowi (dative singular)
ergom (dative plural)
erg (accusative singular)
ergi (accusative plural)
ergiem (instrumental singular)
ergami (instrumental plural)
ergu (locative singular)
ergach (locative plural)
ergu (singular vocative)
ergi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon).


focal

pt-adj

focal m or f (plural focais, not comparable)

Learned borrowing from New Latin focālis. By surface analysis, foco + -al.


iris

irises (plural)
iris (plural)
irides (plural)

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). If so, it would be cognate to English wire.

der

(electronics) A constricted opening in the path inside a waveguide, used to form a resonator.


jounce

Unknown, possibly a portmanteau / Blend of jolt + bounce.

(physics) The fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time; the time derivative of jerk.


kern

nl-noun

kern f (plural kernen, diminutive kerntje n)

kernen (plural)
kerntje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch kerne, from Old Dutch *kerno, from Proto-Germanic *kernô, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-n-on-, *ǵr̥h₂nóm, related to *kurną (“corn, grain”).


levy

levy (nominative singular)
levyt (nominative plural)
levy (accusative nominative singular)
levyt (accusative nominative plural)
levyn (accusative genitive singular)
levyt (accusative genitive plural)
levyn (genitive singular)
levyjen (genitive plural)
levyä (partitive singular)
levyjä (partitive plural)
levyssä (inessive singular)
levyissä (inessive plural)
levystä (elative singular)
levyistä (elative plural)
levyyn (illative singular)
levyihin (illative plural)
levyllä (adessive singular)
levyillä (adessive plural)
levyltä (ablative singular)
levyiltä (ablative plural)
levylle (allative singular)
levyille (allative plural)
levynä (essive singular)
levyinä (essive plural)
levyksi (singular translative)
levyiksi (plural translative)
levyttä (abessive singular)
levyittä (abessive plural)
levyin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
levyni (nominative singular)
levyni (nominative plural)
levyni (accusative nominative singular)
levyni (accusative nominative plural)
levyni (accusative genitive singular)
levyni (accusative genitive plural)
levyni (genitive singular)
levyjeni (genitive plural)
levyäni (partitive singular)
levyjäni (partitive plural)
levyssäni (inessive singular)
levyissäni (inessive plural)
levystäni (elative singular)
levyistäni (elative plural)
levyyni (illative singular)
levyihini (illative plural)
levylläni (adessive singular)
levyilläni (adessive plural)
levyltäni (ablative singular)
levyiltäni (ablative plural)
levylleni (allative singular)
levyilleni (allative plural)
levynäni (essive singular)
levyinäni (essive plural)
levykseni (singular translative)
levyikseni (plural translative)
levyttäni (abessive singular)
levyittäni (abessive plural)
levyineni (comitative plural)
levysi (nominative singular)
levysi (nominative plural)
levysi (accusative nominative singular)
levysi (accusative nominative plural)
levysi (accusative genitive singular)
levysi (accusative genitive plural)
levysi (genitive singular)
levyjesi (genitive plural)
levyäsi (partitive singular)
levyjäsi (partitive plural)
levyssäsi (inessive singular)
levyissäsi (inessive plural)
levystäsi (elative singular)
levyistäsi (elative plural)
levyysi (illative singular)
levyihisi (illative plural)
levylläsi (adessive singular)
levyilläsi (adessive plural)
levyltäsi (ablative singular)
levyiltäsi (ablative plural)
levyllesi (allative singular)
levyillesi (allative plural)
levynäsi (essive singular)
levyinäsi (essive plural)
levyksesi (singular translative)
levyiksesi (plural translative)
levyttäsi (abessive singular)
levyittäsi (abessive plural)
levyinesi (comitative plural)
levymme (nominative singular)
levymme (nominative plural)
levymme (accusative nominative singular)
levymme (accusative nominative plural)
levymme (accusative genitive singular)
levymme (accusative genitive plural)
levymme (genitive singular)
levyjemme (genitive plural)
levyämme (partitive singular)
levyjämme (partitive plural)
levyssämme (inessive singular)
levyissämme (inessive plural)
levystämme (elative singular)
levyistämme (elative plural)
levyymme (illative singular)
levyihimme (illative plural)
levyllämme (adessive singular)
levyillämme (adessive plural)
levyltämme (ablative singular)
levyiltämme (ablative plural)
levyllemme (allative singular)
levyillemme (allative plural)
levynämme (essive singular)
levyinämme (essive plural)
levyksemme (singular translative)
levyiksemme (plural translative)
levyttämme (abessive singular)
levyittämme (abessive plural)
levyinemme (comitative plural)
levynne (nominative singular)
levynne (nominative plural)
levynne (accusative nominative singular)
levynne (accusative nominative plural)
levynne (accusative genitive singular)
levynne (accusative genitive plural)
levynne (genitive singular)
levyjenne (genitive plural)
levyänne (partitive singular)
levyjänne (partitive plural)
levyssänne (inessive singular)
levyissänne (inessive plural)
levystänne (elative singular)
levyistänne (elative plural)
levyynne (illative singular)
levyihinne (illative plural)
levyllänne (adessive singular)
levyillänne (adessive plural)
levyltänne (ablative singular)
levyiltänne (ablative plural)
levyllenne (allative singular)
levyillenne (allative plural)
levynänne (essive singular)
levyinänne (essive plural)
levyksenne (singular translative)
levyiksenne (plural translative)
levyttänne (abessive singular)
levyittänne (abessive plural)
levyinenne (comitative plural)
levynsä (nominative singular)
levynsä (nominative plural)
levynsä (accusative nominative singular)
levynsä (accusative nominative plural)
levynsä (accusative genitive singular)
levynsä (accusative genitive plural)
levynsä (genitive singular)
levyjensä (genitive plural)
levyään (partitive singular)
levyänsä (partitive singular)
levyjään (partitive plural)
levyjänsä (partitive plural)
levyssään (inessive singular)
levyssänsä (inessive singular)
levyissään (inessive plural)
levyissänsä (inessive plural)
levystään (elative singular)
levystänsä (elative singular)
levyistään (elative plural)
levyistänsä (elative plural)
levyynsä (illative singular)
levyihinsä (illative plural)
levyllään (adessive singular)
levyllänsä (adessive singular)
levyillään (adessive plural)
levyillänsä (adessive plural)
levyltään (ablative singular)
levyltänsä (ablative singular)
levyiltään (ablative plural)
levyiltänsä (ablative plural)
levylleen (allative singular)
levyllensä (allative singular)
levyilleen (allative plural)
levyillensä (allative plural)
levynään (essive singular)
levynänsä (essive singular)
levyinään (essive plural)
levyinänsä (essive plural)
levykseen (singular translative)
levyksensä (singular translative)
levyikseen (plural translative)
levyiksensä (plural translative)
levyttään (abessive singular)
levyttänsä (abessive singular)
levyittään (abessive plural)
levyittänsä (abessive plural)
levyineen (comitative plural)
levyinensä (comitative plural)

lev- + -y; from the same root as leveä (“wide”).

(computing, electronics) disk (device for storing data)


luxe

From Latin lūcem, accusative singular of lūx, from Proto-Italic *louks (accusative *loukem), from the Proto-Indo-European *léwks, derived from the root *lewk- (“white; light; bright”). Cognates include Italian luce and Spanish luz.

Como ro Sò chi a noi rogiorno ghia
Con ra so luxe fa luxi re stelle.

1588, Cristoforo Zabata, “Rime del Sig. Paolo Foglietta”, in Rime diverse in lingua genovese, Pavia: Girolamo Bartoli, Alla S. Placidia Paravexinna, page 12, lines 1–2:

Like the Sun — who leads the day to us — makes the stars shine with its light […]

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics, uncountable) Visible electromagnetic radiation.

light
Visible electromagnetic radiation.


meson

From meso- + on. Coined by Indian physicist Homi Bhabha in 1939, as a modification of the earlier suggestion mesotron.

coin

(now specifically, physics) An elementary particle that is composed of a quark and an antiquark, such as a kaon or pion. (Mesons composed of rarer quarks are much heavier.)


mica

Borrowed from Latin mīca. Doublet of miga.

mica de silicone

(electronics) mica insulator
(by extension) any such insulator


micron

From French micron, from Ancient Greek μικρόν (mikrón), neuter of μικρός (mikrós, “small”).

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-micron.wav

2009, Jonathan Amos, (bbc.co.uk) Satellites weigh California water
As one spacecraft lurches and drags through the Earth's uneven gravity field, the second follows 210 km behind, measuring changes in their separation to the nearest micron (a thousandth of a millimetre).

(physics, metrology) The thousandth part of one millimeter; the millionth part of a meter.


muon

Contraction of the earlier term mu-meson; the particle has now been recategorised as a lepton. Coined by Italian physicist Enrico Fermi in 1951 in his book Elementary Particles.

The μ-meson of Powell (called here muon) is instead a disintegration product of the pion, only weakly linked to the nucleons and therefore of little importance in the explanation of nuclear forces.

1951, Enrico Fermi, Elementary Particles:

The spectrum of electrons arising from the decay of the negative mu meson has been determined. The muons are arrested in the gas of a high pressure hydrogen filled diffusion cloud chamber.

1955 March, CP Sargent, “Diffusion Cloud-Chamber Study of Very Slow Mesons”, in Physical Review:

The data comes from experiments at the Fermilab US particle accelerator facility, which explored how subatomic particles called muons – similar to electrons but about 200 times heavier – move in a magnetic field.

2023 August 11, Nicola Davis, “Scientists may be on brink of discovering fifth force of nature”, in The Guardian:

(physics) An unstable elementary particle in the lepton family, having similar properties to the electron but with a mass 207 times greater.

մյուոն

an unstable elementary particle in the lepton family


phonon

From phono- + -on. From Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”) + -on. Modelled after photon.

(physics) The quantum of acoustic or vibrational energy (sound), considered a discrete particle rather than a wave.


photon

From photo- + -on. Coined by American physicist Leonard Troland in 1916 as a unit of light hitting the retina, and later popularized in a more modern sense by Gilbert N. Lewis, with the term gaining acceptance in the physics community by the late 1920s.

The single-imaging optic of the mammalian eye offers some distinct visual advantages. Such lenses can take in photons from a wide range of angles, increasing light sensitivity. They also have high spatial resolution, resolving incoming images in minute detail.

2013 July-August, Fenella Saunders, “Tiny Lenses See the Big Picture”, in American Scientist:

(physics) The quantum of light and other electromagnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having zero rest mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime. It is a gauge boson.


pion

From pi + -on, as alteration of pi-meson.

(physics) Any of three semistable mesons, having positive, negative or neutral charge, composed of up and down quarks/antiquarks.


pion

English pion. By surface analysis, pi + -on (forming particle names).


pion

→ Malay: pion

From Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


pion

ms-noun

pion (Jawi spelling ڤيون, plural pion-pion, informal 1st possessive pionku, 2nd possessive pionmu, 3rd possessive pionnya)

ڤيون (Jawi)
pion-pion (plural)
pionku (first-person informal possessive)
pionmu (possessive second-person)
pionnya (possessive third-person)

From Indonesian pion, from Dutch pion (“pawn”), from French pion, from Old French peon, poon, paon, from Late Latin pedō, pedōnem (“footsoldier”), from Latin pēs, pedem (“foot”). Doublet of piung.


pion

pionet (definite singular)
pion (indefinite plural)
piona (definite plural)


pion

pion (nominative singular)
piony (nominative plural)
pionu (genitive singular)
pionów (genitive plural)
pionowi (dative singular)
pionom (dative plural)
pion (accusative singular)
piony (accusative plural)
pionem (instrumental singular)
pionami (instrumental plural)
pionie (locative singular)
pionach (locative plural)
pionie (singular vocative)
piony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English pion, a shortened form of pi meson.


pion

pion (indefinite nominative singular)
pions (genitive indefinite singular)
pionen (definite nominative singular)
pionens (definite genitive singular)
pioner (indefinite nominative plural)
pioners (genitive indefinite plural)
pionerna (definite nominative plural)
pionernas (definite genitive plural)

→ Finnish: pioni

(physics) pion; any of the semistable π-mesons


pol

head

pol m (genitive singular poil, nominative plural poil)

poil (genitive singular)
poil (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
pol (indefinite singular)
poil (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a phoil (indefinite singular)
a phola (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
poil (indefinite singular)
pol (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an pol (definite singular)
na poil (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an phoil (definite singular)
na bpol (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an bpol (definite singular)
don phol (definite singular)
leis na poil (definite plural)
pol
phol
bpol

From Middle French pole, from Latin polus, from Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos, “axis of rotation”).

der

(biology, electricity, geography, magnetism) pole


raster

/ˈɹɑːstə(ɹ)/

From German Raster, from Latin rāster, from rāstrum (“rake”, noun), from rādō (“to scrape”, verb).

(electronics) A scanning pattern of parallel lines that form the display of an image projected on a cathode-ray tube of a television set or display screen.


shunt

en-verb

shunt (third-person singular simple present shunts, present participle shunting, simple past and past participle shunted)

shunts (present singular third-person)
shunting (participle present)
shunted (participle past)
shunted (past)

From Middle English shunten, schunten, schonten, schounten, shont, shonte, shount, shounten, shunte (“to move rapidly or suddenly, jerk; to swerve, turn away; to avoid, dodge, escape, evade”), either:
* possibly a back-formation from Middle English shǒnen (“to decline to do, refuse; to abandon, forsake; to disdain, dislike, hate; to avoid, escape; to be afraid, fear; to be wary of”), from Old English sċunian, sċyniġan; see shun. Or
* an alteration of Middle English shunden, *schunden, *schinden, from Old English sċyndan, sċendan (“to hasten, hurry”) (as in āsċyndan (“to remove, take away”), from Proto-West Germanic *skundijan, from Proto-Germanic *skundijaną (“to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew(n)t- (“to rattle, shake”).
* from unrecorded Old English *sċunettan, a derivative of sċunian (“to shun, avoid”).
The English word is cognate with Danish skynde (“to hasten, hurry, speed”), Icelandic skynda, skunda (“to hasten”), Middle High German schünden (“to compel; to urge; to irritate”), Norwegian skynde (“to hurry, rush”), Swedish skynda (“to hasten, hurry; to scuttle, scurry”). Outside Germanic, compare Sanskrit स्कन्दति (skándati, “to dart, leap, spring, spurt or burst forth, ejaculate, assail, drop, split”), Albanian shkund (“to shake; to swig”).
As regards the noun sense, compare Middle English shunt (“swerve; sudden jerk”), derived from the verb.

cog

The method of running an electric motor herein set out, which consists in starting the motor with the two halves of its armature in series with a resistance in a two-pole field, then gradually cutting out the resistance, then including the resistance and shunting one-half the motor, then opening the circuit of the shunted half and throwing the two halves of the motor in multiple in a four-pole field, and finally, cutting out the resistance.

1895 April 2, Merle J. Wightman, Regulation of Continuous-current Motors, US Patent 542,667, page 2, column 2:

(transitive, electricity) To divert electric current by providing an alternative path.


shunt

The sensibility of a galvanometer may be varied in a very simple manner by the use of what is termed a shunt. A shunt is a resistance coil, or coil of fine wire used to divert some definite portion of a current, taking it past a galvanometer instead of through its coils.

1873, Fleeming Jenkin, “Galvanometers”, in Electricity and Magnetism, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Co. […], §14, page 201:

(electricity) A connection used as an alternative path between parts of an electrical circuit.


tensor

en-noun

tensor (plural tensors or (muscle) tensores)

Borrowed from New Latin tensor (“that which stretches”), equivalent to tense + -or. Anatomical sense from 1704.
Introduced in the 1840s by William Rowan Hamilton as an algebraic quantity unrelated to the modern notion of tensor.
The contemporary mathematical meaning was introduced (as German Tensor) by Woldemar Voigt (1898) and adopted in English from 1915 (in the context of general relativity), obscuring the earlier Hamiltonian sense. The mathematical object is so named because an early application of tensors was the study of materials stretching under tension. (See, for example, Cauchy stress tensor on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)

pedia

The tensor #92;alpha#95;#123;ij#125; should really be called a “tensor of second rank,” because it has two indexes. A vector—with one index—is a tensor of the first rank, and a scalar—with no index—is a tensor of zero rank.

1963, Richard Feynman, “Chapter 31, Tensors”, in The Feynman Lectures on Physics, volume II:

multidimensional array
multidimensional array

(mathematics, linear algebra, physics) A mathematical object that describes linear relations on scalars, vectors, matrices and other algebraic objects, and is represented as a multidimensional array.

(engineering) A multidimensional array with (at least) two dimensions.


tensor

pl-noun

tensor m inan (related adjective tensorowy)

tensorowy (adjective)
tensor (nominative singular)
tensory (nominative plural)
tensora (genitive singular)
tensorów (genitive plural)
tensorowi (dative singular)
tensorom (dative plural)
tensor (accusative singular)
tensory (accusative plural)
tensorem (instrumental singular)
tensorami (instrumental plural)
tensorze (locative singular)
tensorach (locative plural)
tensorze (singular vocative)
tensory (plural vocative)


vis

la-noun

vīs f (irregular, genitive *vīs); third declension

vīs (canonical feminine)
*vīs (genitive)
vīs (nominative singular)
vīrēs (nominative plural)
vīs (genitive singular)
vīrium (genitive plural)
vī (dative singular)
vīribus (dative plural)
vim (accusative singular)
vīrēs (accusative plural)
vīrīs (accusative plural)
vī (ablative singular)
vīribus (ablative plural)
vīs (singular vocative)
vīrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: vis, vim

From Proto-Italic *wīs, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s (“force, vehemence”), from *weyh₁- (“to rush”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “strength”), Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “enjoyment, vigor, youth, age”). See also via, invītus, invītō, Ancient Greek οἶμος (oîmos).


volta

head

volta m (genitive singular volta, nominative plural voltanna)

volta (genitive singular)
voltanna (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
volta (indefinite singular)
voltanna (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a volta (indefinite singular)
a voltanna (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an volta (definite singular)
na voltanna (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an volta (definite singular)
don volta (definite singular)
leis na voltanna (definite plural)


wino

(physics) A hypothetical particle that is the superpartner of the W boson.


yoke

From Middle English yok, yoke, ȝok from Old English ġeoc (“yoke”), from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”), from *yewg- (“to join; to tie together, yoke”). Doublet of yuga, jugum, yoga and possibly yogh.
Senses 3.1 (“area of arable land”) and 3.2 (“amount of work done with draught animals”) probably referred to the area of land that could generally be ploughed by yoked draught animals within a given time.

poikkipuu

linking or supporting object that resembles a yoke

駕駛桿 /驾驶杆

device with crosspieces used to control an aircraft

iugum

unit of land area notionally equivalent to the area a team of yoked draft animals can work in a day

Senses relating to a frame around the neck.

Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc.

(electrical engineering) Originally, a metal piece connecting the poles of a magnet or electromagnet; later, a part of magnetic circuit (such as in a generator or motor) not surrounded by windings (“wires wound around the cores of electrical transformers”).

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

ies

metal piece connecting the poles of a magnet or electromagnet; part of magnetic circuit (such as in a generator or motor) not surrounded by windings

(electronics) The electromagnetic coil that deflects the electron beam in a cathode ray tube.


fuse

Back-formation from fusion (“to melt”), first to verbal sense, then noun.

(electrical engineering) A device to prevent excessive overcurrent from overload or short circuit in an electrical circuit, containing a component that melts and interrupts the current when too high a load is passed through it.

smeltdraad

device preventing overloading of a circuit


fuse

en-verb

fuse (third-person singular simple present fuses, present participle fusing, simple past and past participle fused)

fuses (present singular third-person)
fusing (participle present)
fused (participle past)
fused (past)

(transitive, electricity) To furnish with or install a fuse to protect a circuit against overcurrent.

When the bath overflowed, the downstairs lights fused, so we need a torch.

(transitive, electricity, of a circuit) To have been protected against overcurrent by its fuse melting away, creating a gap in the wire, thus stopping the circuit from operating.


arbiter

From Middle English arbiter, arbytour, arbitre, from Old French arbitre, from Latin arbiter (“a witness, judge, literally one who goes to see”).

der

(electronics) A component in circuitry that allocates scarce resources.


assert

en-verb

assert (third-person singular simple present asserts, present participle asserting, simple past and past participle asserted)

asserts (present singular third-person)
asserting (participle present)
asserted (participle past)
asserted (past)

From Latin assertus, perfect passive participle of asserō (“declare someone free or a slave by laying hands upon him; hence free from, protect, defend; lay claim to, assert, declare”), from ad (“to”) + serō (“join, range in a row”).

(electronics) To set a signal on a line using a voltage or electric current.


beam

From Middle English beem, from Old English bēam (“tree, cross, gallows, column, pillar, wood, beam, splint, post, stock, rafter, piece of wood”), from Proto-West Germanic *baum, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz (“tree, beam, balk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to grow, swell”). Cognate with West Frisian beam (“tree”), Saterland Frisian Boom (“tree”), Dutch boom (“tree”), German Low German Boom (“tree”), German Baum (“tree”), Luxembourgish Bam (“tree”), Albanian bimë (“a plant”). Doublet of boom.
The original English meaning of beam ("tree") is preserved in some compound words such as quickbeam.
The verb is from Middle English bemen, from Old English bēamian (“to shine, to cast forth rays or beams of light”), from the noun.

inh

a beam of light

a beam of energy

That light we ſee is burning in my hall: / How farre that little candle throws his beames, / So ſhines a good deed in a naughty world.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

What tho’ the moon—the white moon
Shed all the splendour of her noon,
Her smile is chilly—and her beam,
In that time of dreariness, will seem
(So like you gather in your breath)
A portrait taken after death.

1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:

A total of 15,000 beams of neutrinos were fired over a period of 3 years from CERN towards Gran Sassoin Italy, 730km (500 miles) away, where they were picked up by giant detectors.

2011 September 22, Nick Collins, “Speed of light 'broken' by scientists”, in Daily Telegraph:

(physics) A ray or collection of approximately parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body.


breaker

From Middle English breker, brekere, equivalent to break + -er. Cognate with Dutch breker, German Low German Breker, German Brecher.

буренце

small cask of water in case of shipwreck

breaker panel

(electrical engineering) Ellipsis of circuit breaker.


classical

en-adj

classical (comparative more classical, superlative most classical)

more classical (comparative)
most classical (superlative)

Garner's Modern English Usage
linguistic description
linguistic prescription

See classic § Etymology for history. By surface analysis, class + -ical = classic + -al

classic

see Usage notes regarding differentiation.

(physics) Pertaining to models of physical laws that do not take quantum or relativistic effects into account; Newtonian or Maxwellian.


commutation

en-noun

commutation (countable and uncountable, plural commutations)

From French commutation, from Latin commūtātiōnem, accusative singular of commūtātiō.

(electronics) The reversal of an electric current.


condensation

condensation (countable and uncountable, plural condensations)

From condense + -ation, borrowed from Latin condēnsātiō, condēnsātiōnem.

(physics, physical chemistry) The conversion of a gas to a liquid.

втечняване

physics: conversion of a gas to a liquid


configuration

configuration (countable and uncountable, plural configurations)

/kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/

/kənˌfɪɡ.jəˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/

/kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹæɪ̯.ʃən/

From Middle French configuration, from Latin cōnfigūrātiō.
Morphologically configure + -ation

määritys

computing: process of customizing a computing environment

(countable, physics, chemistry) The arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical structure like a crystal.

تَهايُؤ

physics, chemistry: arrangement of electrons


conservation

conservation (countable and uncountable, plural conservations)

From Old French. By surface analysis, conserve + -ation.

(physics) lack of change in a measurable property of an isolated physical system (conservation of energy, mass, momentum, electric charge, subatomic particles, and fundamental symmetries)


disperse

en-verb

disperse (third-person singular simple present disperses, present participle dispersing, simple past and past participle dispersed)

disperses (present singular third-person)
dispersing (participle present)
dispersed (participle past)
dispersed (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-disperse.wav

From Middle French disperser, from Latin dispersus, past participle of dispergō (“to scatter abroad, disperse”), from dis- (“apart”) + spargō (“to scatter”); see sparse.

(physics, transitive, intransitive) To separate rays of light, etc., according to wavelength; to refract.


dissipation

en-noun

dissipation (countable and uncountable, plural dissipations)

/ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

From Middle English dissipacion, dissipacioun, from Late Latin dissipātiō.
Morphologically dissipate + -ion.

They conclude[…] the planet will have a final period of rotation between 56 and 88 days, depending on the assumed form of the dissipation function.

1965 November 6, G. Colombo, “Rotational Period of the Planet Mercury”, in Nature, volume 208, number 575, →DOI:

(physics) A loss of energy, usually as heat, from a dynamic system.


elaboration

elaboration (countable and uncountable, plural elaborations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-elaboration.wav

From Middle French élaboration.
Morphologically elaborate + -ion

(electronics) The process of taking a parsed tree of an abstract integrated circuit definition in a language such as Verilog and creating a hierarchy of module instances that ends with primitive (atomic) gates and statements.


excitation

excitation (countable and uncountable, plural excitations)

From Middle English excitacion, excitacioun, from Old French excitation, from Latin excitātiō.
Morphologically excite + -ation

(physics) A transition of a nucleus, atom or molecule to an excited state by the absorption of a quantum of energy; the opposite of relaxation

възбуждане

(physics) change in state as an excited state is formed by the absorption of a quantum of energy


fundamental

From Late Latin fundamentālis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.

(physics) The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform.


glans

nl-noun

glans m (uncountable, diminutive glansje n)

Afrikaans: glans

From Middle Dutch glans (ca. 1400), from Middle High German glanz (“shine, lustre”), whence Modern German Glanz.


core

en-noun

core (countable and uncountable, plural cores)

desc

Translingual: core eudicots, core Malvales

From Middle English core, kore, coor (“apple-core, pith”), of obscure and uncertain origin. Possibly of native English origin, from Old English *cor, related to Old English *coruc, *corc (diminutive) (> Middle English cork, crok (“core of an apple or other fruit, heart of an onion”)) and Old English corn (“seed", also "grain”); or alternatively perhaps from Old French cuer (“heart”), from Latin cor (“heart”); or from Old French cors (“body”), from Latin corpus (“body”). Compare also Middle English colk, coke, coll (“the heart or centre of an apple or onion, core”), Dutch kern (“core”), German Kern (“core”). See also heart, corpse.

unc

obscure and uncertain

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

сърцеви́на

something that produces a hollow space in a casting

structural robustness
w:structural robustness

Hence particular parts of a subject studied or examined by technical operations, likened by position and practical or structural robustness to kernels, cores in the most vulgar sense above.

(physics) An atomic nucleus plus inner electrons (i.e., an atom, except for its valence electrons).

atomtörzs

atomic nucleus plus inner/core electrons


couple

From Middle English couple, from Old French couple, from Latin cōpula. Doublet of copula.

(physics) A turning effect created by forces that produce a non-zero external torque.

koppel

two forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, thus creating the turning effect of a torque or moment


couple

Inherited from Old French couple, from Vulgar Latin *cōpla, from Latin cōpula. Doublet of copule.


implantation

en-noun

implantation (countable and uncountable, plural implantations)

Borrowed from Middle French implantation.

bor+

(physics) The insertion of ions into the crystal structure of another material through ion bombardment.

istutus

physics: insertion of ions into crystal structure


insulation

en-noun

insulation (countable and uncountable, plural insulations)

/ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/

(electricity) a medium in which it is possible to maintain an electrical field with little supply of energy from additional sources.


interpretation

interpretation (countable and uncountable, plural interpretations)

/ɪnˌtɜːpɹəˈteɪʃən/

/ɪnˌtɝpɹəˈteɪʃən/

/ɪnˌtɜːpɹəˈtæɪʃən/

From Middle English [Term?], from Anglo-Norman [Term?], from Old French [Term?], from Latin interpretātiō, noun of action from interpretor (“to explain, expound, interpret, understand, conclude, infer, comprehend”)
Morphologically interpret + -ation

(countable, physics) An approximation that allows aspects of a mathematical theory to be discussed in ordinary language.


irreversible

(thermodynamics) Incapable of being reversed to the original state without consumption of free energy and increase of entropy.


player

From Middle English pleyer, playere, from Old English pleġere (“player, athlete, wrestler”), from Proto-West Germanic *plegārī. Equivalent to play + -er.

inh

Is your CD player broken, or is this one disc damaged?

(electronics) An electronic device that plays audio and/or video media.


player

Unadapted borrowing from English player.

O iRiver Spinn era um player de vídeo e áudio com estilo, do tamanho de um cartão de crédito, que tinha um display LCD de 3,3 polegadas.

2012, John E. Gamble, Arthur A. Thompson Jr., Fundamentos da Administração Estratégica - 2ed, AMGH Editora, →ISBN, page 242:

(Brazil, electronics) player (electronic device or software application that plays media)


latch

From Middle English latche, lacche (“a latch; a trap”), from lacchen (“to seize, catch, grasp”), from Old English læċċan (“to grasp, take hold of, catch, seize”). See above for more.

(electronics) An electronic circuit that is like a flip-flop, except that it is level triggered instead of edge triggered.


mesh

From Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).
Akin to Old High German māsca (“mesh”), Old Saxon maska (“net”), Old Norse mǫskvi, mǫskun (“mesh”).

der

Kirchhoff's voltage law
Kirchhoff's voltage law

(electronics) In mesh analysis: a loop in an electric circuit (to which Kirchhoff's voltage law can be applied).


node

→ Irish: nód

From Middle English node, borrowed from Latin nōdus. Doublet of knot, knout, and nodus.

(physics) A point along a standing wave where the wave has minimal amplitude.

(electronics) A region of an electric circuit connected only by (ideal) wires (i.e the voltage between any two points on the same node must be zero).


node

(geometry, astronomy, physics, networking) node


plasticity

en-noun

plasticity (countable and uncountable, plural plasticities)

(physics) The property of a solid body whereby it undergoes a permanent change in shape or size when subjected to a stress exceeding a particular value (the yield value).


potential

potential (countable and uncountable, plural potentials)

From Late Latin potentialis, from Latin potentia (“power”), from potens (“powerful”). By surface analysis, potent + -ial.

(physics) The gravitational potential: the radial (irrotational, static) component of a gravitational field, also known as the Newtonian potential or the gravitoelectric field.

potencial

physics: the radial component of a gravitational field

(physics) The work (energy) required to move a reference particle from a reference location to a specified location in the presence of a force field, for example to bring a unit positive electric charge from an infinite distance to a specified point against an electric field.


potential

From Maxwell equations (6.20) it follows that the electric field is potential: E(r) = −gradφ(r).

1997, Physics-Uspekhi, volume 40, numbers 1-6, American Institute of Physics, page 39:

(physics) A potential field is an irrotational (static) field.

The non-viscous flow of the vacuum should be potential (irrotational).

2009, Grigory E. Volovik, The Universe in a Helium Droplet^(http://books.google.com/books?id=6uj76kFJOHEC&pg=PA60&dq=%22The+non-viscous+flow+of+the+vacuum+should+be+potential+(irrotational)%22&hl=en&ei=mXVBTuWuHIufOuGf9ckJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1), Oxford University Press, page 60:

(physics) A potential flow is an irrotational flow.


potential

potential (indefinite nominative singular)
potentials (genitive indefinite singular)
potentialen (definite nominative singular)
potentialens (definite genitive singular)
potentialer (indefinite nominative plural)
potentialers (genitive indefinite plural)
potentialerna (definite nominative plural)
potentialernas (definite genitive plural)


prise

→ Dutch: prise

→ Greek: πρίζα (príza)

→ Persian: پریز (periz)

→ Romanian: priză

→ Turkish: priz

(electrical) socket, wall socket (also prise électrique)


proud

cs-noun

proud m inan (relational adjective proudový, diminutive proudek)

proudový (adjective relational)
proudek (diminutive)
proud (nominative singular)
proudy (nominative plural)
proudu (genitive singular)
proudů (genitive plural)
proudu (dative singular)
proudům (dative plural)
proud (accusative singular)
proudy (accusative plural)
proude (singular vocative)
proudy (plural vocative)
proudu (locative singular)
proudě (locative singular)
proudech (locative plural)
proudem (instrumental singular)
proudy (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech prúd, from Proto-Slavic *prǭdъ.


react

en-verb

react (third-person singular simple present reacts, present participle reacting, simple past and past participle reacted)

reacts (present singular third-person)
reacting (participle present)
reacted (participle past)
reacted (past)

Every body reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state.

(physics, intransitive) To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force


saturate

saturate (third-person singular simple present saturates, present participle saturating, simple past and past participle saturated)

saturates (present singular third-person)
saturating (participle present)
saturated (participle past)
saturated (past)

/ˈsæt͡ʃəˌɹeɪt/

Borrowed from Latin saturātus, perfect passive participle of saturāre (“to fill full”), from satur (“full”).

(transitive, optics) To render pure, or of a colour free from white light.


secondary

From Middle English secundarie, from Latin secundārius (“of the second class or quality”), from secundus (whence the English second) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary), equivalent to second + -ary; compare the French secondaire, the Italian secondario, the Occitan secundari, the Portuguese secundario, and the Spanish secundario.

der

English numerals#Ordinal numbers
secondary

(electronics) An inductive coil or loop that is magnetically powered by a primary in a transformer or similar.


snap

en-noun

snap (countable and uncountable, plural snaps)

From Dutch snappen (“to bite; seize”) or Low German snappen (“to bite; seize”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snappōn, from Proto-Germanic *snappōną (“to snap; snatch; chatter”), intensive form of *snapāną (”to snap; grab”, whence Old Norse snapa (“to get; scrounge”)), from Proto-Indo-European *snop-; compare Lithuanian snãpas (“beak, bill”). (One alternative hypothesis links the Germanic words to *snu-, an expressive root deriving words meaning “nose”, “snout”, “sniff” etc., but this is phonetically unsound.) In any case influenced by onomatopoeia; note expressions such as snip-snap, containing the formally unrelated snip.
Cognate with West Frisian snappe (“to get; catch; snap”), German schnappen (“to grab”), Swedish snappa (“to snatch”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

gloss

”to snap; grab”, whence Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">snapa</i> (“to get; scrounge”)

sound-symbolic

expressive

onom

onomatopoeia

cog

(physics, humorous) jounce (the fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time), followed by crackle and pop

加加速度

physics: fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time


span

is-noun

span n (genitive singular spans, no plural)

spans (genitive singular)
span (indefinite nominative singular)
spanið (definite nominative singular)
span (accusative indefinite singular)
spanið (accusative definite singular)
spani (dative indefinite singular)
spaninu (dative definite singular)
spans (genitive indefinite singular)
spansins (definite genitive singular)


splice

Circa 1525, borrowed from Middle Dutch splissen (Modern Dutch splitsen); akin to Middle Dutch splitten (“to split”), German spleißen (“to split, splice”), Spliss (“split ends, hair breakage”), French épisser (also from Dutch). The Dutch word originally referred only to the fraying of the ropes' ends but was then also used for the entire process of fraying and retying; hence the peculiar semantic development from “split” to “join”. The same development occurred in German.

(electrical) The electrical and mechanical connection between two pieces of wire or cable.

ялғау

electrical and mechanical connection between wires


squirt

en-noun

squirt (countable and uncountable, plural squirts)

From Middle English squirten, squyrten, of uncertain origin; probably onomatopoeic. Akin to swirl. Compare Low German swirtjen (“to squirt”) and Swedish water onomatopoeias skvala, skvalp, skvimpa, and skvätta; Icelandic skvetta; and Norwegian skvette.

(hydrodynamics) The whole system of flow in the vicinity of a source.


moderate

en-verb

moderate (third-person singular simple present moderates, present participle moderating, simple past and past participle moderated)

moderates (present singular third-person)
moderating (participle present)
moderated (participle past)
moderated (past)

From Middle English moderat, from Latin moderātus, perfect active participle of moderor (“regulate, restrain, moderate”), from moder-, modes-, a stem appearing also in modestus (“moderate, discreet, modest”), from modus (“measure”); see mode and modest. Doublet of moderato. Displaced native Old English ġemetlīċ (“moderate”) and metegian (“to moderate”).

a graphite-moderated reactor

(transitive, physics) To supply with a moderator (substance that decreases the speed of neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increases likelihood of fission).


tenacity

en-noun

tenacity (countable and uncountable, plural tenacities)

brittleness

antonym(s) of “quality keeping bodies together”

From tenac(ious) + -ity, from Middle French ténacité, from Latin tenācitās.

(physics) The greatest longitudinal stress a substance can bear without tearing asunder, usually expressed with reference to a unit area of the cross section of the substance, as the number of pounds per square inch, or kilograms per square centimeter, necessary to produce rupture.


intensity

intensity (countable and uncountable, plural intensities)

From intense + -ity. Cf. also Medieval Latin intensitas.

(physics) Time-averaged energy flux (the ratio of average power to the area through which the power "flows"); irradiance.

(optics) Can mean any of radiant intensity, luminous intensity or irradiance.


ASIC

integrated circuit
integrated circuit#English

(electronics) Acronym of application-specific integrated circuit.


caustic

From the Latin causticus (“burning”), from Ancient Greek καυστικός (kaustikós, “burning”), from καυστός (kaustós, “burnt”) + -ικός (-ikós).

suffix

(optics, computer graphics) The envelope of reflected or refracted rays of light for a given surface or object.


caustic curve

Caustic curves and surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by reflection, and diacaustic when formed by refraction.

(optics) A curve to which the ray of light, reflected or refracted by another curve, are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous point being in one plane.


caustic surface

en-noun

caustic surface (plural caustic surfaces)

(optics) A surface to which rays reflected or refracted by another surface are tangents.


kludge

Perhaps from British military slang, possibly based on a Scots word kludge or kludgie (“common toilet”), or perhaps from German klug (“clever”). Alternatively, possibly related to Polish klucz (“a key, a hint, a main point”) and Russian ключ (ključ, “key, clue”).
Alternatively, perhaps from (a form related to) Germanic words such as Dutch Low Saxon klütje (“(little) dumpling, clod”), Dutch kluit(je) or Jutland Danish klyt (“piece of bad workmanship, klud(g)e”); compare and standard Danish kludder (“mess, disorder”). (Compare klutz.)
There is evidence that kluge (which see) was once a separate word with similar meaning but separate derivation, but the spelling kludge was widely popularized in the US by a 1962 Datamation article on "How to Design a Kludge", and since then the two words have often been used as alternative spellings of each other.
According to the OED, an "invented word" influenced by bodge and fudge.

cog

(informal, electronics, engineering) An improvised device, typically crudely constructed to test the validity of a principle before doing a finished design.


trip

From Middle English trippen (“tread or step lightly and nimbly, skip, dance”), perhaps from Old French triper (“to hop or dance around, strike with the feet”), from a Frankish source; or alternatively from Middle Dutch trippen (“to skip, trip, hop, stamp, trample”) (> Modern Dutch trippelen (“to toddle, patter, trip”)). Akin to Middle Low German trippen ( > Danish trippe (“to trip”), Swedish trippa (“to mince, trip”)), West Frisian tripje (“to toddle, trip”), German trippeln (“to scurry”), Old English treppan (“to trample, tread”). Related also to trap, tramp.

cog

It's dark because the trip operated.


TDS

topological Dirac semi-metal
topological Dirac semi-metal#English

(physics, countable) Initialism of topological Dirac semi-metal.

three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal


inertia

en-noun

inertia (countable and uncountable, plural inertias or inertiae or inertiæ)

inertias (plural)
inertiae (plural)
inertiæ (plural)

From Latin inertia (“lack of art or skill, inactivity, indolence”), from iners (“unskilled, inactive”), from in- (“without, not”) + ars (“skill, art”). The modern physics sense was first used in New Latin by Johannes Kepler.

bor

(physics, uncountable or countable) The property of a body that resists any change to its uniform motion; equivalent to its mass.


TLC

en-noun

TLC (countable and uncountable, plural TLCs)

(countable, electronics) Initialism of triple-level cell.


evanescent

en-adj

evanescent (comparative more evanescent, superlative most evanescent)

more evanescent (comparative)
most evanescent (superlative)

Borrowed from French évanescent (“evanescent”), from Latin ēvānēscēns (“disappearing, vanishing”), present participle of ēvānēscō (“to disappear, vanish; to die out, fade away; to lapse”), from ē- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘away, out’)) + vānēscō (“to vanish”) (from vānus (“empty, vacant, void”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to abandon, leave”)) + -ēscō (suffix forming verbs with the sense ‘to become’)).

намаляващ

disappearing, vanishing — see also disappearing, vanishing

Consequently, the electromagnetic fields have plane-wave characteristics in local regions, except immediately adjacent to a caustic where there is a rapid transition from the wavelike behavior of the local plane-wave fields to the evanescent behavior beyond the ray path.

1983, Allan W[hitenack] Snyder, John D[avid] Love, “Rays and Local Plane Waves”, in Optical Waveguide Theory (Science Paperbacks; 190), London, New York, N.Y.: Chapman & Hall, →ISBN; republished Boston, Mass., Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, →ISBN, section 35—4 (Component Equations of the Ray-path Equation), page 671:

The analyte directly affects the optical properties of a waveguide, such as evanescent waves (electromagnetic waves generated in the medium outside the optical waveguide when light is reflected from within) or surface plasmons (resonances induced by an evanescent wave in a thin film deposited on a waveguide surface).

2015, Yitzhak Mendelson, “Optical Sensors”, in Joseph D. Bronzino, Donald R. Peterson, editors, Medical Devices and Human Engineering (Biomedical Engineering Handbook; 2), 4th edition, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, section I (Biomedical Sensors), page 6-1:

(electromagnetism) Of an oscillating electric or magnetic field: not propagating as an electromagnetic wave but having its energy spatially concentrated in the vicinity of its source.


parasite

Borrowed from Latin parasītus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek παράσιτος (parásitos).

Des parasites troublent l’appareil.

The equipment is affected by radio interference.

(electronics, in the plural) radio interference


quantum

en-noun

quantum (countable and uncountable, plural quantums or quanta)

[ˈkʰwɑ̃ntʰə̃m]

[ˈkʰwɑ̃ɾ̃ə̃m]

From Late Latin quantum, noun use of neuter form of Latin quantus (“how much”).

The quantum of light energy was later called a photon.

2002, David C Cassidy et al., Understanding Physics, Birkhauser, page 602:

(physics) The smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon.


quantum

→ French: quantum

→ Portuguese: quantum

[ˈkʰwɑ̃ntʰə̃m]

[ˈkʰwɑ̃ɾ̃ə̃m]

Some of the most beautiful and thus appealing physical theories, including quantum electrodynamics and quantum gravity, have been dogged for decades by infinities that erupt when theorists try to prod their calculations into new domains. Getting rid of these nagging infinities has probably occupied far more effort than was spent in originating the theories.

2012 January 24, Michael Riordan, “Tackling Infinity”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 2017-06-19, page 86:

(physics) Involving quanta, quantum mechanics or other aspects of quantum physics.

(computing theory) Relating to a quantum computer.


quantum

pt-noun

quantum m (plural quanta or (uncommon) quantuns)

quanta (plural)
quantuns (plural uncommon)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin quantum. Doublet of quanto.

(physics) quantum (indivisible unit of a given quantity)


magnetic field

B-field

magnetic flux density, magnetic induction

H-field

magnetic field intensity, magnetic field strength, magnetizing field

(physics) A condition in the space around a magnet or electric current in which there is a detectable magnetic force and two magnetic poles are present.

David (1904) and Brunhes (1906) first observed magnetizations in lava flows that were roughly opposed to that of the present earth's magnetic field.

1983, Ronald T. Merrill, Michael W. McElhinny, The Earth's Magnetic Field: Its History, Origin, and Planetary Perspective, Academic Press, page 135:

1996, V. R. Khalilov, Electron Strong Magnetic Field, [1988, V. R. Khalilov, Elektroni v silnom magnetom poli, Energoatomizdat, Moscow], Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, page 123,
In contrast to the IQHE, the fractional quantum Hall effect occurs in much stronger magnetic fields, and in this case electrons cannot be considered as noninteracting ones.

The magnetic field B bears the same relation to a hypothetical magnetic charge m as the electric field bears to the electric charge q, so the development of the previous chapter can be taken over completely. The stress tensor for a magnetic field Bᵢ is identical in form to that for the electric field. The energy density is obviously B²/8π and the magnetic field is a physical reality just like the electric field. Electric and magnetic fields superpose linearly[…]. This is perhaps a convenient place to remark that a magnetic field exerts no force whatever on an electric charge.

2007, Eugene N. Parker, Conversations on Electric and Magnetic Fields in the Cosmos, Princeton University Press, page 25:

The turian homeworld, Palaven, has a metal-poor core, generating a weak magnetic field and allowing more solar radiation into the atmosphere.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Turians: Biology Codex entry:

The scientific instruments of the day recorded rapid fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, as powerful electrical currents flowed through the upper atmosphere.

2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:


power inverter

rectifier

antonym(s) of “a device that converts DC electricity to AC”

(electrical engineering) A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current electricity.

инвертор

a device that converts DC electricity into AC


pinch

→ Japanese: ピンチ (pinchi)

From Middle English pinchen, from Old Northern French *pinchier (compare Old French pincier, pincer (“to pinch”)), a word of uncertain origin, possibly from Vulgar Latin *pinciāre (“to puncture, pinch”), from a merger of *punctiāre (“to puncture, sting”), from Latin punctiō (“a puncture, prick”) and *piccāre (“to strike, sting”), from Frankish *pikkōn, from Proto-Germanic *pikkōną (“to pick, peck, prick”). More at point, pick and pitch.

der

pinch and a punch for the first of the month

(physics) A magnetic compression of an electrically-conducting filament.


watchdog

/ˈwɑːt͡ʃˌdɑːɡ/

/ˈwɒt͡ʃˌdɒɡ/

(electronics, computing) Ellipsis of watchdog timer.


watchdog

en-verb

watchdog (third-person singular simple present watchdogs, present participle watchdogging, simple past and past participle watchdogged)

watchdogs (present singular third-person)
watchdogging (participle present)
watchdogged (participle past)
watchdogged (past)

/ˈwɑːt͡ʃˌdɑːɡ/

/ˈwɒt͡ʃˌdɒɡ/

(electronics) To be continuously reset by a watchdog timer.


flying

en-noun

flying (countable and uncountable, plural flyings)

From Middle English flyinge, fleyng, fleyinge, fleynge, fleghyng, fleiʒeyng, flyeghynge, equivalent to fly + -ing. Cognate with Danish flyvning (“flying”), Swedish flygning (“flying”), Norwegian flyvning, flygning, flyging, flying (“flying”).

His seconde hawke wexyd gery
And was with flyenge wery.
She had flowyn so oft,
That on the rode loft
She perkyd her to rest.

c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 63, lines 66–70:

(uncountable, aerodynamics) The action or process of sustained motion through the air.


acoumeter

From Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “I hear”) + -meter.

(physics) An instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of hearing.


onda

From Old Galician-Portuguese onda, from Latin unda.


onda

From Old Galician-Portuguese onda, from Latin unda (“wave”).

(physics) wave (moving disturbance in the energy level of a field)


attenuation

attenuation (countable and uncountable, plural attenuations)

From Middle English attenuacioun, a borrowing from Latin attenuātiō (“a diminishing”). Equivalent to attenuate + -ion.

(physics) A reduction in the level of some property with distance, especially the amplitude of a wave or the strength of a signal.

затихване

physics: reduction in the level of some property with distance


channel

→ Japanese: チャンネル (channeru)

→ Korean: 채널 (chaeneol)

→ Welsh: sianel

From Middle English chanel (also as canel, cannel, kanel), a borrowing from Old French chanel, canel, from Latin canālis (“groove; canal; channel”). Doublet of canal.

kanal

communication: single path provided by a transmission medium via physical separation

kanaal

broadcasting: specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television

The guard-rail provided the channel between the downed wire and the tree.

(electronics) A connection between initiating and terminating nodes of a circuit.

kanal

electronics: connection between initiating and terminating nodes of a circuit

(electronics) The narrow conducting portion of a MOSFET transistor.


negative

en-adj

negative (comparative more negative, superlative most negative)

more negative (comparative)
most negative (superlative)

From Middle English negative, negatif, from Old French negatif, from Latin negātīvus (“that denies, negative”), from negāre (“to deny”); see negate.

der

(physics) Of electrical charge of an electron and related particles


neutral

en-adj

neutral (comparative more neutral, superlative most neutral)

more neutral (comparative)
most neutral (superlative)

[ˈnuːt͡ʃɹəl]

From Middle French neutral (compare modern French neutre), from Latin neutrālis. By surface analysis, neuter + -al.

en:neither positively nor negatively charged

(physics) Neither positive nor negative; possessing no charge or equivalent positive and negative charge such that there is no imbalance.


neutral

de-adj

neutral (strong nominative masculine singular neutraler, comparative neutraler, superlative am neutralsten)

neutraler (masculine nominative singular strong)
neutraler (comparative)
am neutralsten (superlative)
neutral (masculine predicative singular)
neutral (feminine predicative singular)
neutral (neuter predicative singular)
neutral (plural predicative)
neutraler (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
neutrale (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
neutrales (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
neutrale (nominative plural strong without-article)
neutralen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
neutraler (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
neutralen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
neutraler (genitive plural strong without-article)
neutralem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
neutraler (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
neutralem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
neutralen (dative plural strong without-article)
neutralen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
neutrale (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
neutrales (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
neutrale (accusative plural strong without-article)
der neutrale (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die neutrale (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das neutrale (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die neutralen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des neutralen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der neutralen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des neutralen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der neutralen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem neutralen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der neutralen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem neutralen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den neutralen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den neutralen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die neutrale (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das neutrale (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die neutralen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein neutraler (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine neutrale (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein neutrales (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
neutralen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine neutralen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines neutralen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer neutralen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines neutralen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
neutralen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner neutralen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem neutralen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer neutralen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem neutralen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
neutralen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen neutralen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen neutralen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine neutrale (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein neutrales (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
neutralen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine neutralen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
neutraler (comparative masculine predicative singular)
neutraler (comparative feminine predicative singular)
neutraler (comparative neuter predicative singular)
neutraler (comparative plural predicative)
neutralerer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
neutralere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
neutraleres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
neutralere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
neutraleren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
neutralerer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
neutraleren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
neutralerer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
neutralerem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
neutralerer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
neutralerem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
neutraleren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
neutraleren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
neutralere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
neutraleres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
neutralere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der neutralere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die neutralere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das neutralere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die neutraleren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des neutraleren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der neutraleren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des neutraleren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der neutraleren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem neutraleren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der neutraleren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem neutraleren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den neutraleren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den neutraleren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die neutralere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das neutralere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die neutraleren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein neutralerer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine neutralere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein neutraleres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
neutraleren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine neutraleren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines neutraleren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer neutraleren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines neutraleren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
neutraleren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner neutraleren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem neutraleren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer neutraleren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem neutraleren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
neutraleren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen neutraleren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen neutraleren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine neutralere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein neutraleres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
neutraleren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine neutraleren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am neutralsten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am neutralsten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am neutralsten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am neutralsten (plural predicative superlative)
neutralster (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralstes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
neutralsten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralster (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralsten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralster (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
neutralstem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralster (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralstem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralsten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
neutralsten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralstes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
neutralste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der neutralste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die neutralste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das neutralste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die neutralsten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des neutralsten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der neutralsten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des neutralsten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der neutralsten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem neutralsten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der neutralsten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem neutralsten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den neutralsten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den neutralsten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die neutralste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das neutralste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die neutralsten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein neutralster (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine neutralste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein neutralstes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
neutralsten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine neutralsten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines neutralsten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer neutralsten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines neutralsten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
neutralsten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner neutralsten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem neutralsten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer neutralsten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem neutralsten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
neutralsten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen neutralsten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen neutralsten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine neutralste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein neutralstes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
neutralsten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine neutralsten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)

/nɔʏ̯ˈtʁaːl/

16th century, borrowed from Latin neutralis, at first in political parlance.

neutral
(physics) electrically uncharged


electroweak

From electro- + weak. Coined by Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam and used informally as early as 1978, and by him in print and his Nobel Prize lecture in 1979.

coin

In the next section we ignore these intermediate energy scales and the intermediate unification steps and concentrate on the main problem of the Grand Unification schemes of electroweak and strong unification: What is the probable Grand Unification mass, M, beyond which the three forces, electromagnetism, weak and strong, may manifest themselves with the same effective strength?

1979, Abdus Salam, “The Electroweak Force, Grand Unification and Superunification”, in Physica Scripta, volume 20, page 216:

(physics) Describing the combination of the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces.


fundamental force

en-noun

fundamental force (plural fundamental forces)

(physics) Any of the fundamental forces that act between elementary particles; each one is associated with an exchanged particle.


gluon

From glue + -on. From being a particle (suffix "-on") that "glues" (attracts) together particles that feel the force carried by the gluon. Coined by American physicist Murray Gell-Mann in 1962.

coin

Naive realism might ask today: Tell me what space is in itself, not in terms of other things. Tell me what a gluon is at bottom, or a neutrino, or a charge.

1992 November 24, George Zebrowski, Marvin Mattelson, “The Enigma of Distance”, in Omni, volume 15, number 2, page 80:

The so-called spin crisis has had important effects beyond simply confronting theorists with a particularly sharp challenge to their incomplete understanding of quantum chromodynamics, the underlying field theory of quarks and the gluons that mediate their strong interactions.

1995 September 24, Robert Jaffe, “Where Does the Proton Really Get Its Spin?”, in Physics Today, volume 48, number 9, →DOI, page 24:

Lattice QCD explores the particle realm by taking a different tack. It simulates quark and gluon behaviors by applying the full QCD theory to a tiny grid like facsimile of the space-time in which particles actually interact.

2004 September 7, Peter Weiss, “Starting from Square One”, in Science News, volume 166, number 6, →DOI, pages 90–1:

(physics) A massless gauge boson that binds quarks together to form baryons, mesons and other hadrons and is associated with the strong nuclear force.


gluon

head

gluon m (collective, plural gluonennoù, singulative gluonenn)

gluonennoù (plural)
gluonenn (singulative)


gluon

gluon (indefinite nominative singular)
gluonen (definite nominative singular)
gluoner (indefinite nominative plural)
gluonerne (definite nominative plural)
gluons (genitive indefinite singular)
gluonens (definite genitive singular)
gluoners (genitive indefinite plural)
gluonernes (definite genitive plural)


gluon

gluon (nominative singular)
gluony (nominative plural)
gluonu (genitive singular)
gluonów (genitive plural)
gluonowi (dative singular)
gluonom (dative plural)
gluon (accusative singular)
gluony (accusative plural)
gluonem (instrumental singular)
gluonami (instrumental plural)
gluonie (locative singular)
gluonach (locative plural)
gluonie (singular vocative)
gluony (plural vocative)


boson

From Bose + -on. Named after Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose (1894–1974); coined by English physicist Paul Dirac in 1945 in a lecture titled "Developments in Atomic Theory".

coin

Pauli exclusion principle
Pauli exclusion principle

Bose-Einstein statistics
Bose-Einstein statistics

(physics) A particle with totally symmetric composite quantum states, which exempts them from the Pauli exclusion principle, and that hence obeys Bose-Einstein statistics. They have integer spin. Among them are many elementary particles, and some (gauge bosons) are known to carry the fundamental forces. Compare fermion.


boson

nl-noun

boson n (plural bosonen, diminutive bosonnetje n)

bosonen (plural)
bosonnetje (diminutive neuter)


boson

bosonet (definite singular)
bosoner (indefinite plural)
bosona (definite plural)
bosonene (definite plural)


boson

bosonet (definite singular)
boson (indefinite plural)
bosona (definite plural)


boson

boson (indefinite nominative singular)
bosons (genitive indefinite singular)
bosonen (definite nominative singular)
bosonens (definite genitive singular)
bosoner (indefinite nominative plural)
bosoners (genitive indefinite plural)
bosonerna (definite nominative plural)
bosonernas (definite genitive plural)


fermion

From Fermi + -on. Named after Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi. Coined by English physicist Paul Dirac in 1945 in a lecture titled "Developments in Atomic Theory".

فرميون

particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states

The fermions treated by the Standard Model are the (composite) baryons and the (elementary) leptons and quarks.

According to the spin–statistics theorem, the wavefunction of a system of identical fermions (particles of half-integer spin) is antisymmetric under the operation of swapping any two particles.

A remarkable feature of lattice regularization is the appearance of several fermion species per fermion field in the lattice action.

1994, István Montvay, Gernot Münster, Quantum Fields on a Lattice, Cambridge University Press, page 208:

For 2D systems, going beyond first order pertu[r]bative calculations, we show that the second harmonic of the current is strongly suppressed in the case of spinless fermion models but significantly enhanced for the Hubbard model.

1996, Georges Bouzerar, Didier Poilblanc, “Persistent Currents in Interacting Electronic Systems”, in T. Martin, G. Montambaux, J. Trân Thanh Vân, editors, Correlated Fermions and Transport in Mesoscopic Systems, Editions Frontieres, page 149:

It is not known whether the Higgs mechanism is the true source for the masses of the fundamental fermions.

1996, Georg G. Raffelt, Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics, University of Chicago Press, page 253:

The snapshots were taken by MIT physicists and are the first images that directly capture the pairing of fermions — a major class of particles that includes electrons, as well as protons, neutrons, and certain types of atoms.

2023 July 6, Jennifer Chu, “MIT physicists generate the first snapshots of fermion pairs”, in MIT News:

(particle physics, Standard Model) Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark;

Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark;
(slightly more loosely) any such particle or any composite particle composed of fermions.


fermion

From Enrico Fermi (Italian-American physicist) + -on.


fermion

fermion (nominative singular)
fermiony (nominative plural)
fermionu (genitive singular)
fermionów (genitive plural)
fermionowi (dative singular)
fermionom (dative plural)
fermion (accusative singular)
fermiony (accusative plural)
fermionem (instrumental singular)
fermionami (instrumental plural)
fermionie (locative singular)
fermionach (locative plural)
fermionie (singular vocative)
fermiony (plural vocative)


lepton

From Ancient Greek λεπτός (leptós) + -on. Coined by Dutch-American physicist Abraham Pais in 1947.

In the present paper we deal with the second order radiative correction to the beta disintegration of nucleon, assuming the Fermi's interaction between necleon and lepton fields, and show that there appears such an ultraviolet divergence as can not be removed by the procedure of renormalization of mass and coupling constant, so far as a single type of coupling is assumed for the decay Hamiltonian.

1950, Tadao Nakano, “Radiative Correction to Decay Processes”, in Progress of Theoretical Physics, volume 5, number 6:

strong nuclear force
strong nuclear force

(particle physics) An elementary particle that has a spin of 1/2 (i.e., is a fermion) and does not interact via the strong nuclear force; examples include the electron, the muon, the neutrino and the tauon.


lepton

From Ancient Greek λεπτόν (leptón), neuter form of λεπτός (leptós, “small”).


lepton

Borrowed from English lepton, from Ancient Greek λεπτόν (leptón).


neutrino

neutrino (nominative singular)
neutrina (nominative plural)
neutrina (genitive singular)
neutrin (genitive plural)
neutrinu (dative singular)
neutrinům (dative plural)
neutrino (accusative singular)
neutrina (accusative plural)
neutrino (singular vocative)
neutrina (plural vocative)
neutrinu (locative singular)
neutrinech (locative plural)
neutrinem (instrumental singular)
neutriny (instrumental plural)


neutrino

neutrino (nominative singular)
neutrina (nominative plural)
neutrina (genitive singular)
neutrin (genitive plural)
neutrinu (dative singular)
neutrinom (dative plural)
neutrino (accusative singular)
neutrina (accusative plural)
neutrinem (instrumental singular)
neutrinami (instrumental plural)
neutrinie (locative singular)
neutrinach (locative plural)
neutrino (singular vocative)
neutrina (plural vocative)


neutrino

(physics) neutrino (en elementary particle with extremely small mass and no electric charge)


neutrino

neutrino (accusative indefinite nominative)
neutrinoul (accusative definite nominative)
neutrino (indefinite)
neutrinoului (definite)
neutrinoule (vocative)


neutrino

sh-noun

neutríno m (Cyrillic spelling неутри́но)

neutríno (canonical masculine)
неутри́но (Cyrillic)
neutríno (nominative singular)
neutríni (nominative plural)
neutrína (genitive singular)
neutrínā (genitive plural)
neutrínu (dative singular)
neutrínima (dative plural)
neutríno (accusative singular)
neutríne (accusative plural)
neutríno (singular vocative)
neutríni (plural vocative)
neutrínu (locative singular)
neutrínima (locative plural)
neutrínom (instrumental singular)
neutrínima (instrumental plural)


graviton

From gravity + -on. Coined by Russian physicists Dmitrii Blokhintsev and F. M. Gal'perin in 1934, and reintroduced by English physicist Paul Dirac in 1959 in a lecture to the American Physical Society.

coin

(physics) A hypothetical gauge boson that regulates the gravitational force. It would have a spin of 2 and zero rest mass.

American Physical Society
Paul Dirac
graviton


graviton

nl-noun

graviton n (plural gravitonen, diminutive gravitonnetje n)

gravitonen (plural)
gravitonnetje (diminutive neuter)

(physics) graviton (hypothetical force-carrying particle)


microgravity

en-noun

microgravity (usually uncountable, plural microgravities)

In microgravity their arteries are thickening and stiffening and the muscle of the heart weakening and shrinking.

2023, Samantha Harvey, Orbital, Jonathan Cape, page 25:

(physics) A state of very low acceleration between two free floating objects, as found in sustained freefall, in orbit, or in interstellar space.


freefall

/ˈfɹiːˌfɔːl/

(physics) A state of motion affected by no acceleration or force other than that of gravity.

caiguda lliure

falling through atmosphere without additional drag devices


重力

ja-noun

重(じゅう)力(りょく) • (jūryoku) ^(←ぢゆうりよく (dyuuryoku)?)

重力 (canonical)
jūryoku (romanization)
dyuuryoku (romanization)
ぢゆうりよく (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 重力 (zhònglì)

→ Korean: 중력 (jungnyeok)

→ Vietnamese: trọng lực

[d͡ʑɨːɾʲo̞kɯ̟]

Initially from Middle Chinese 重力 (MC drjowngX lik, literally “considerable; heavy + force, power”).
The gravity sense was a repurposing of the older term (the considerable strength sense) as a calque of Dutch zwaartekracht to translate Dutch works as part of Rangaku studies.

ltc-l

2003 April 10, Kozue Amano, “Navigation08 星(ほし)の謳(うた)声(ごえ) [Navigation08 Chorus of the Planet]”, in ARIA(アリア) [ARIA], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, →ISBN:

So, if my memory serves, the Moon’s gravity is about ⅙ of Manhome’s. Aqua’s gravity, on the other hand, is roughly ⅓ of Manhome’s.

そう 確月の重力は地球の⅙だったわよね 火星の重力は本当は地球の約⅓の

Sō tashika Tsuki no jūryoku wa Manhōmu no roku-bun no ichi datta wa yo ne Akua no jūryoku wa hontō wa Manhōmu no yaku san-bun no ichi

2006 April 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ピリオド [Armed Alchemy: The End]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 10, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

You’ll have to get to them yourself. You won’t be able to escape the Moon’s gravity with this lance in your current condition, though. So we’ll use this. Great-Axe Armed Alchemy: Fatal Attraction! Special Ability: Gravity Control‼ With this, I can counteract part of the Moon’s gravity, enough to launch you into space.

こちらからも出迎えに行かねばだが 今の状態ではその槍でこの星の重力を突き破るのも不可能 そこでこれを使う 大戦斧の武装錬金フェイタルアトラクション！特性は〝重力操作〟‼これでこの星の重力の一部を反転させてお前を宇宙へ打ち上げる

大戦斧 グレートアックス

Kochira kara mo demukae ni ikaneba da ga ima no jōtai de wa sono yari de kono hoshi no jūryoku o tsukiyaburu no mo fukanō Soko de kore o tsukau Gurēto Akkusu no Busō Renkin Feitaru Atorakushon! Tokusei wa〝Jūryoku Sōsa〟‼ Kore de kono hoshi no jūryoku no ichibu o hanten sasete o-mae o uchū e uchiageru


pedestal

From Middle French piédestal from Italian piedistallo (literally “foot stand”).

uder

(electronics) The measured value when no input signal is given.


diaphane

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin diaphanus (“diaphanous”), from Ancient Greek διαφανής (diaphanḗs), from δια- (dia-, “through”) and φαίνω (phaínō, “show”).

lbor

(physics or formal) diaphanous, translucent


commensurate

en-adj

commensurate (comparative more commensurate, superlative most commensurate)

more commensurate (comparative)
most commensurate (superlative)

/kəˈmɛnʃəɹət/

/kəˈmɛnʃəɹət/

From Late Latin commēnsūrātus, from com- (“together, with”) + mēnsūrātus, past participle of mēnsūrāre (“to measure, to estimate”), from Latin mēnsūra (“measure”).

(physics) Describing a crystal in which every atom or molecule is placed in the same relative position


chameleon

From Middle English camelion, from Old French cameleon, from Latin chamaeleon, from Ancient Greek χαμαιλέων (khamailéōn), from χαμαί (khamaí, “on the earth, on the ground”) + λέων (léōn, “lion”); ultimately a calque from Akkadian 𒌨𒈤𒊭𒆠 (nēšu ša qaqqari, “chameleon, reptile”, literally “lion of the ground", "predator that crawls upon the ground”). The spelling was re-latinized in the early 18th century. The physics sense was coined by Justin Khoury and Amanda Weltman in 2003 in a paper in Physical Review Letters.

der

(physics) A hypothetical scalar particle with a non-linear self-interaction, giving it an effective mass that depends on its environment: the presence of other fields.


transient

en-adj

transient (comparative more transient, superlative most transient)

more transient (comparative)
most transient (superlative)

From Late Latin transiēnt- (for classical transeunt-), stem of transiēns, present participle of transire (“to go over, to pass”).

مُؤَقَّت

passing or disappearing with time; transitory

(physics) Decaying with time, especially exponentially.


transient

(physics) A transient phenomenon, especially an electric current; a very brief surge.


tonic

tonic (comparative more tonic, superlative most tonic)

more tonic (comparative)
most tonic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek τονικός (tonikós), from τόνος (tónos). 17th century writers believed health to be derived from firmly stretched muscles, thus tonic; the extension of tonic medicine appeared in the late 18th century. By surface analysis, ton(e) + -ic.

Out in front and across the street, Doc noted half a dozen or so young men, not loitering or doing substances but poised and tonic, as if waiting for some standing order to take effect.

2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage, published 2010, page 316:

(physics, pathology) Pertaining to tension, especially of muscles.


amorfo

pt-adj

amorfo (feminine amorfa, masculine plural amorfos, feminine plural amorfas)

amorfa (feminine)
amorfos (masculine plural)
amorfas (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄμορφος (ámorphos), from ᾰ̓- (ă-, alpha privativum) + μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, fashion, appearance”) + -ος (-os). By surface analysis, a- + -morfo.

af

(physics) amorphous (in the non-crystalline state of solid)


lading

nl-noun

lading f (plural ladingen, diminutive ladinkje n)

ladingen (plural)
ladinkje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: lai

Negerhollands: ladiṅ

→ Indonesian: lading

→ Aukan: lai

→ Saramaccan: lái

Sranan Tongo: lai

→ Caribbean Javanese: lai


lade

head

lade (imperative lad, present tense lader, passive lades, simple past lada or ladet or ladde, past participle lada or ladet or ladd, present participle ladende)

lad (imperative)
lader (present)
lades (passive)
lada (past)
ladet (past)
ladde (past)
lada (participle past)
ladet (participle past)
ladd (participle past)
ladende (participle present)

From Old Norse hlaða, from Proto-Germanic *hlaþaną.

(electricity) to charge (e.g. a battery)


distortion

en-noun

distortion (countable and uncountable, plural distortions)

/dɪsˈtɔːʃən/

Borrowed from Latin distortio, distortionis, from distortus.

bor+

(optics) An aberration that causes magnification to change over the field of view.


BTU

British thermal unit
British thermal unit#English

(energy) Initialism of British thermal unit.


grand unification theory

en-noun

grand unification theory (plural grand unification theories)

electromagnetic interaction
electromagnetic interaction#English

weak interaction
weak interaction#English

strong interaction
strong interaction#English

(physics) A theory that unifies the electromagnetic interaction, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction.

نَظَرِيَّة اَلاِتِّحَاد اَلْكَوْنِيّ اَلْعَظِيم


theory of everything

theory of everything (plural theories of everything)

(physics) A supposed theory uniting all fundamental physical phenomena into a single framework.

(physics) A theory that would unite the four known fundamental forces of nature: gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force (color force), weak nuclear force.


quench

en-verb

quench (third-person singular simple present quenches, present participle quenching, simple past quenched, past participle quenched or (obsolete) quent)

quenches (present singular third-person)
quenching (participle present)
quenched (past)
quenched (participle past)
quent (obsolete participle past)

From Middle English quenchen, from Old English cwenċan, from Proto-Germanic *kwankijaną.

A suitable method to prepare a system out of equilibrium in order to study the ensuing dynamics is to quench the system, i.e., to change its parameters abruptly.

2018, P. Bleicker and G. S. Uhrig, “Strong quenches in the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model”, in Physical Review A, volume 98, →DOI, page 1:

(transitive, physics) To rapidly change the parameters of a physical system.

If someone is pinned against the MRI magnet by a ferromagnetic object, you may need to quench the magnet in order to free them.

These knobs are generally mounted behind a cover of some sort, to prevent someone from leaning up against them or putting a philodendron on top of them, because (1) that aforementioned geyser can represent thousands to tens of thousands of dollars of helium these days, and (2) quenching is Not Good for the integrity of the magnet, and in the worse^([sic]) case you might find yourself with a lot of high-quality scrap metal.

2015 May 15, Derek Lowe, “Quenching NMRs, Accidentally and On Purpose”, in In the Pipeline, archived from the original on 2022-11-20:

(transitive, physics) To rapidly terminate the operation of a superconducting electromagnet by causing part or all of the magnet's windings to enter the normal, resistive state.


quench

There are two main types of quenches, and both are triggered by the red button. A customer of ours actually pushed his once, out of curiosity. And no, he was not 7 years old. This button is primarily for safety purposes. In some rare cases, clear signage is ignored and metal objects like mop buckets, oxygen tanks, etc. get sucked into the bore of the MRI. These are very difficult to remove while the magnet is at field. And, if a patient is somehow pinned inside, an emergency push of the quench button can be a lifesaver. The button artificially heats the magnet and starts the chain reaction described above.

2019 June 13, Steve Rentz, “What Is an MRI Quench?”, in Block Imaging, archived from the original on 2022-11-20:

(physics) The abnormal termination of operation of a superconducting magnet, occurring when part of the superconducting coil enters the normal (resistive) state.

(physics) A rapid change of the parameters of a physical system.


repel

repel (third-person singular simple present repels, present participle repelling, simple past and past participle repelled)

repels (present singular third-person)
repelling (participle present)
repelled (participle past)
repelled (past)
repel (infinitive)

From Middle English repellen, a borrowing from Old French *repeller, from Latin repellere (“to drive back”), from re- (“back”) + pellere (“to drive”). Doublet of repeal.

(transitive, physics) To force away by means of a repulsive force.


nod

cy-noun

nod m (plural nodau or nodion, not mutable)

Borrowed from English node, from Latin nōdus.


medan

From Malay medan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos via Arabic مَيْدَان (maydān), Classical Persian میدان (maydān), or Urdu میدان (maidān).

(figurative, physics) region affected by a particular force.

field.
region affected by a particular force.


dalga

head

dalga (definite accusative dalgayı, plural dalgalar)

dalgayı (accusative definite)
dalgalar (plural)
dalga (nominative singular)
dalgalar (nominative plural)
dalgayı (accusative definite singular)
dalgaları (accusative definite plural)
dalgaya (dative singular)
dalgalara (dative plural)
dalgada (locative singular)
dalgalarda (locative plural)
dalgadan (ablative singular)
dalgalardan (ablative plural)
dalganın (genitive singular)
dalgaların (genitive plural)
dalgam (first-person nominative singular)
dalgalarım (first-person nominative singular)
dalgan (nominative second-person singular)
dalgaların (nominative second-person singular)
dalgası (nominative singular third-person)
dalgaları (nominative singular third-person)
dalgamız (first-person nominative plural)
dalgalarımız (first-person nominative plural)
dalganız (nominative plural second-person)
dalgalarınız (nominative plural second-person)
dalgaları (nominative plural third-person)
dalgamı (accusative definite first-person singular)
dalgalarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
dalganı (accusative definite second-person singular)
dalgalarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
dalgasını (accusative definite singular third-person)
dalgalarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
dalgamızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
dalgalarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
dalganızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
dalgalarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
dalgalarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
dalgama (dative first-person singular)
dalgalarıma (dative first-person singular)
dalgana (dative second-person singular)
dalgalarına (dative second-person singular)
dalgasına (dative singular third-person)
dalgalarına (dative singular third-person)
dalgamıza (dative first-person plural)
dalgalarımıza (dative first-person plural)
dalganıza (dative plural second-person)
dalgalarınıza (dative plural second-person)
dalgalarına (dative plural third-person)
dalgamda (first-person locative singular)
dalgalarımda (first-person locative singular)
dalganda (locative second-person singular)
dalgalarında (locative second-person singular)
dalgasında (locative singular third-person)
dalgalarında (locative singular third-person)
dalgamızda (first-person locative plural)
dalgalarımızda (first-person locative plural)
dalganızda (locative plural second-person)
dalgalarınızda (locative plural second-person)
dalgalarında (locative plural third-person)
dalgamdan (ablative first-person singular)
dalgalarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
dalgandan (ablative second-person singular)
dalgalarından (ablative second-person singular)
dalgasından (ablative singular third-person)
dalgalarından (ablative singular third-person)
dalgamızdan (ablative first-person plural)
dalgalarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
dalganızdan (ablative plural second-person)
dalgalarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
dalgalarından (ablative plural third-person)
dalgamın (first-person genitive singular)
dalgalarımın (first-person genitive singular)
dalganın (genitive second-person singular)
dalgalarının (genitive second-person singular)
dalgasının (genitive singular third-person)
dalgalarının (genitive singular third-person)
dalgamızın (first-person genitive plural)
dalgalarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
dalganızın (genitive plural second-person)
dalgalarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
dalgalarının (genitive plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish طالغه (dalga), from Proto-Turkic *tolkun. Cognate with Azerbaijani dalğa.


plus

minus

antonym(s) of “being positive rather than negative or zero”

bad

antonym(s) of “positive, involving advantage”

A battery has both a plus pole and a minus pole.


concavo-convex

en-adj

concavo-convex (comparative more concavo-convex, superlative most concavo-convex)

more concavo-convex (comparative)
most concavo-convex (superlative)

Coordinate term: concavoconcave

(optics) Having one side concave and the other convex.

凹凸

having one side concave and the other convex


strapper

From strap + -er, principally strap + -er (agent noun suffix). The sense referring to a poorly producing milk cow (from strap + -er) came from a dialectal sense of the verb strap as a troponym of milk: not even the most skilful milking action could coax enough milk from the udder.

(electronics) A wire that joins two light switches so that a light can be turned off or on from either switch.


bond

en-verb

bond (third-person singular simple present bonds, present participle bonding, simple past and past participle bonded)

bonds (present singular third-person)
bonding (participle present)
bonded (participle past)
bonded (past)

A house's distribution panel should always be bonded to the grounding rods via a panel bond.

(transitive, electricity) To make a reliable electrical connection between two conductors (or any pieces of metal that may potentially become conductors).