exit

From Middle English exit, from Latin exitus (“departure, going out; way by which one may go out, egress; (figuratively) conclusion, termination; (figuratively) death; income, revenue”), from exeō (“to depart, exit; to avoid, evade; (figuratively) to escape; of time: to expire, run out”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). Exeō is derived from ex- (prefix meaning ‘out, away’) + eō (“to go”) (ultimately from ). The English word is cognate with Italian esito, Portuguese êxito, Spanish éxito. Doublet of ejido and exitus.
The verb is derived from the noun.

ikje

action of going out or going away, or leaving — see also departure

All the world's a ſtage, / And all the men and women, meerely Players; / They haue their Exits and their Entrances, / And one man in his time playes many parts, / His Acts being ſeuen ages.

c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii], page 194, column 1:

Why do directors assume that exits and entrances need not be rehearsed?

1968, Leon C. Miller, “Blocking the Play”, in How to Direct the High School Play, Chicago, Ill.: The Dramatic Publishing Company, →OCLC, pages 39 and 43:

An act of going out or going away, or leaving; a departure.

(specifically, drama) The action of an actor leaving a scene or the stage.


exit

Borrowed from Latin exit, the third-person singular present active indicative of exeō (“to depart, exit; to avoid, evade; (figuratively) to escape; of time: to expire, run out”); see further at etymology 1 above.

I take no mony, but good vvords, raile not if I tell true, if I do not reuenge. Farevvell. Exit Bom[bie].

c. 1590 (date written), [John Lyly], Mother Bombie. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Thomas Creede, for Cuthbert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC, Act III, scene iv, signature [E4], verso:

A ſauage clamor? / Well may I get a-boord: This is the Chace, / I am gone for euer. / Exit purſued by a Beare.

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 288, column 2:

Agnes exit rapidly, and Ravenſburg is partly perſuaded, and partly forced off, by the Prince Palatine. END OF ACT I.

1810 July, Frederic Reynolds, “The Free Knights; or The Edict of Charlemagne. A Drama, in Three Acts, Interspersed with Music; as Performed at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden.”, in The Jersey Magazine; or Monthly Recorder, volume II, number 7, Jersey: Printed and published by J. Stead, →OCLC, act I, scene iii, page 325, column 1:

(intransitive, drama, also figuratively) Used as a stage direction for an actor: to leave the scene or stage.

el

used as a stage direction for an actor: to leave the scene or stage


furigana

Borrowed from Japanese 振り仮名 (furigana, “annotating kana”, literally “assigned phonetic character”).

bor

Furigana are indispensable for some names of people and places whose Kanji are not included among the official Kanji list, and whose sounds can be unusual and even idiosyncratic.

2014, Insup Taylor, M. Martin Taylor, Writing and Literacy in Chinese, Korean and Japanese, revised edition, John Benjamins, →ISBN, page 290:

(Japanese typography) Kana printed next to or above a kanji or other character to indicate the pronunciation.


while

From Middle English whyle, from Old English hwīl, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlu, from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (compare Dutch wijl, Low German Wiel, German Weile, Danish hvile (“rest”), Norwegian Bokmål hvile (“rest”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest”). Cognate with Albanian sillë (“breakfast”), Latin tranquillus, Sanskrit चिर (cirá), Persian شاد (šâd).

der

He was detained for four hours at the store yesterday. His crime? Shopping while black.

Ms. Syed, along with many of her American Muslim friends and Islamic-rights advocates, is all too familiar with what many refer to as the stigma of traveling while Muslim.

2016 November 7, Michael T. Luongo, “Traveling While Muslim Complicates Air Travel”, in The New York Times:

He added that the case took an emotional toll and left him humiliated by the accusations when, in fact, all he had been doing was "gardening while black".

2019 March 8, Tom Perkins, “'Gardening while black': lawsuit targets white accusers over 'outrageous' claims”, in The Guardian:

racial profiling
racial profiling#English

(media, public policy) Used to denote a person experiencing racial profiling when performing a seemingly benign activity.


hard

en-adj

hard (comparative harder or more hard, superlative hardest or most hard)

harder (comparative)
more hard (comparative)
hardest (superlative)
most hard (superlative)

→ Finnish: haarti

→ Spanish: hard

From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with German hart, Swedish hård, Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús), Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu).

صَعْب

requiring a lot of effort to do or understand


force

en-noun

force (countable and uncountable, plural forces)

From Middle English force, fors, forse, from Old French force, from Late Latin fortia, a noun derived from the neuter plural of Latin fortis (“strong”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”).

der

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

ուժեր

group that aims to attack, control, or constrain

ҡеүәт

ability to attack, control, or constrain

The Europeans tried, my goodness how they tried. But on the day the US proved too strong and too inspired. They were, dammit, just better. And when Leonard's putt dropped they clearly had the force with them as well.

1999 September 28, Mike Selvey, “Crenshaw vindicated by a chain reaction”, in The Guardian:

The dark side of the Force is a pathway to many abilities some consider to be unnatural.

2005, George Lucas, Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, spoken by Palpatine (Ian McDiarmid), published 2005:

(physics) A physical quantity that denotes ability to push, pull, twist or accelerate a body and which has a direction and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance/time² (ML/T²): SI: newton (N); CGS: dyne (dyn)

(countable) A particular form or type of force.

(humorous or science fiction, with the, often capitalized) A metaphysical and ubiquitous power from the fictional Star Wars universe created by George Lucas. See usage note.

voima

science fiction: binding, metaphysical, and ubiquitous power


dimension

a machine that lets you travel to a parallel dimension.

"If a man should wish to be in some other place, it is entirely possible for him to imagine himself in that place and, diving back through the negative dimension, to emerge out of it in that place with instantaneous rapidity. To imagine oneself———"

1938 July, L. Ron Hubbard, “The Dangerous Dimension”, in Astounding Science-Fiction, volume XXI, number 5, Street & Smith, →OCLC, page 105:

DR. PAUL MANHEIM: I have been on the other side. I have touched another dimension. Part of me is still there.
LAURA MANHEIM: Help him.
DR. CRUSHER: Try to stay calm Dr. Manheim. I don't think it's going to help you're struggling against it.
DR. PAUL MANHEIM: My mind is floating between two places. It is difficult to know which is which. There is no way to explain it.

1988 May 2, Rod Loomis, Michelle Phillips, Gates McFadden, We'll Always Have Paris (Star Trek: The Next Generation), Paramount Domestic Television, →OCLC:

He was experimenting with matter transportation through the nth dimension.

2016, A.K. Brown, Jumpstart (Champagne Universe Series: Book 1), page 2:

(science fiction, fantasy) A universe or plane of existence.


ad lib

ad libs (plural)
ad lib. (alternative adverb)
ad-lib (alternative noun verb)
adlib (alternative noun verb)

Abbreviation of ad libitum, borrowed from New Latin ad libitum.

(acting) An instance of something improvised, especially a line.


vocal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-vocal.wav

Late Middle English vocal, borrowed from Latin vōcālis (“uttering a voice, sounding, speaking”), from vōx (“a voice, sound, tone”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of vowel and vocalis. Compare Old French vocal.

af

(music) A part of a piece of music that is sung.

(acting) A musical performance involving singing.


race

en-noun

race (countable and uncountable, plural races)

1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin. Partially displaced native Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”), whence English kind.
theories
* Diez and some other scholars suggest derivation from Proto-Germanic *raitō (whence Old High German reiza (“line”) and Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)), perhaps via Lombardic *raiza (“line”), which Körting notes is a literal rendering of Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”). Anatoly Liberman says "the semantic fit is good" but the chronology falters; he says the Germanic word went out of use before the Italian word arose, and he says the intermediary is not attested.
* Some scholars suggest derivation from Old Spanish raza, rasa, from earlier ras, res (“head of cattle”), from Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”), but Italian razza predates the Spanish word according to Diez and Meyer-Lübke.
* Meyer-Lübke suggested Latin generatio as the root; Körting says "the disappearance of two initial syllables hardly seems credible", but Meyer-Lübke notes the Venetian form narazza and the Old Bellunesian form naraccia, positing that after the first syllable ge- was lost, the remaining (una) narazza came to be reanalysed as una razza.
* Gianfranco Contini suggests the Italian word comes from Old French haraz (“troop of horses”), whence Modern French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”), from Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”). Liberman considers this derivation the most likely.
* Other suggested Latin etyma:
** radius (perhaps via Vulgar Latin *radia) (per Baist).
** radix (“root”) (per Ulrich); Liberman says "the semantic match is excellent", and race (“rhizome of ginger”) (which definitely derives from radix) shows that the phonology is plausible.
** *raptiare (“breed falcons”) (per Körting).
** The nominative of ratio (perhaps via an unattested intermediate form *razzo), as opposed to ragione which derives from the accusative rationem.
* Other implausible suggestions include Slavic raz and Basque arraca, supposedly meaning "stud animal" (Basque arrazza, "race", derives from Spanish).

raça

a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics

عِرْق

a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics

raça

a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics

A treaty was concluded between the race of elves and the race of men.

There are two distinct races of gods known to Norse mythology[.]

1898, Herman Isidore Stern, The gods of our fathers: a study of Saxon mythology, page 15:

Imagine a race of aliens that develops on a dimly lit world perpetually shrouded in clouds so that vision would be less useful for survival than on Earth.

1999, Clifford A. Pickover, The Science of Aliens, page 47:

Tali: My father is responsible for the lives of seventeen million people—our entire race is in his hands. And I'm his only child.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-1:

A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics (see Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race):

(fantasy, science fiction, mythology) A large group of nonhumans distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage.


ribbon

en-noun

ribbon (countable and uncountable, plural ribbons)

ribbons (plural)
ribband (alternative)
reebon (alternative obsolete)

→ Japanese: リボン (ribon)

→ Korean: 리본 (ribon)

From Middle English riban, ryban, ryband, from Old French riban, ruban ( > modern French ruban), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic compound whose second element is cognate with English band. Compare Middle Dutch ringhband (“necklace”, literally “ring-band”).

cog

(journalism) A subheadline presented above its parent headline.


human

From Late Middle English humaigne, humayne, humain, from Middle French humain, from Old French humain, umain (“of or belonging to man”, adjective), from Latin hūmānus m (“of man, human”, adjective); see there for further details. Spelling human has been predominant since the early 18th century. Not etymologically related to man.

der

Greetings. I am Blor-Utar from Zimtok-5. I have come to subjugate the human race. Do not resist. Why humans? Because, in addition to their value as slave labor, they are also delicious and nutritious!

1994 March 29, Bill Watterson, Calvin & Hobbes:

(strictly, biology) The most abundant of the primates; Homo sapiens.

(fantasy, science fiction, mythology) A human as contrasted from superficially similar but typically more powerful humanoid creatures; a member of the human race.

Greetings, human! You have stumbled into the dimension of the Snow People.[…]Flesh plows clear the streets to make them safe to drive.[…]Does this shock you, human? Do the ways of our world open your eyes to the truths of your own?

2011 December 29, Alex Culang, Raynato Castro, Buttersafe (webcomic):

(fantasy, science fiction) A term of address for any human, often implying the listener's species is their only noteworthy trait.

чолові́к m (čolovík) (now usually means "man", "male human")


lead

en-noun

lead (countable and uncountable, plural leads)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-lead.wav

From Middle English led, leed, from Old English lēad (“lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laud (“lead”), possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”).
Cognate with Scots leid, lede (“lead”), North Frisian lud, luad (“lead”), West Frisian lead (“lead”), Dutch lood (“lead”), Low German Lod (“solder, plummet”), German Lot (“solder, plummet, sounding line”), Swedish lod (“solder, plummet”), Icelandic lóð (“a plumb, weight”), Irish luaidhe (“lead”) Latin plumbum (“lead”), Finnish luoti (“bullet”). Doublet of loth. More at flow.
* (graphite in a pencil): Graphite was once believed to be a form of lead; see black lead and plumbago.

cog

This copy has too much lead; I prefer less space between the lines.

(uncountable, typography) Vertical space in advance of a row or between rows of text. Also known as leading.


lead

en-verb

lead (third-person singular simple present leads, present participle leading, simple past and past participle leaded)

leads (present singular third-person)
leading (participle present)
leaded (participle past)
leaded (past)

to lead a page

leaded matter

(transitive, printing, historical) To place leads between the lines of.

odsadit

printing: place leads between the lines of


lead

leads (plural)
lede (alternative obsolete)
leed (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English leden, from Old English lǣdan (“to lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną (“to cause one to go, lead”), causative of Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to leave, die”).
Cognate with West Frisian liede (“to lead”), Dutch leiden (“to lead”), German leiten (“to lead”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål lede (“to lead”), Norwegian Nynorsk leia (“to lead”), Swedish leda (“to lead”). Related to Old English līþan (“to go, travel”).

der

"You make moving pictures. In jungles and places." "That's me. And I've picked you for the lead in my next picture."

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 43:

(acting, theater) The main role in a play or film; the lead role.

(acting) The actor who plays the main role; lead actor.

(US, journalism) The introductory paragraph or paragraphs of a newspaper, or a news or other type of article. (Sometimes spelled as lede for this usage to avoid ambiguity.)


lead

lead (nominative singular)
leady (nominative plural)
leadu (genitive singular)
leadów (genitive plural)
leadowi (dative singular)
leadom (dative plural)
lead (accusative singular)
leady (accusative plural)
leadem (instrumental singular)
leadami (instrumental plural)
leadzie (locative singular)
leadach (locative plural)
leadzie (singular vocative)
leady (plural vocative)

(newspapers, journalism) lead paragraph, teaser, lead-in (start of a newspaper column, telling who, what, when, where, why and how)


bleed

en-verb

bleed (third-person singular simple present bleeds, present participle bleeding, simple past and past participle bled)

bleeds (present singular third-person)
bleeding (participle present)
bled (participle past)
bled (past)

From Middle English bleden, from Old English blēdan (“to bleed”), from Proto-West Germanic *blōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *blōþijaną (“to bleed”), from *blōþą (“blood”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots blede, bleid (“to bleed”), Saterland Frisian bläide (“to bleed”), West Frisian bliede (“to bleed”), Dutch bloeden (“to bleed”), Low German blöden (“to bleed”), German bluten (“to bleed”), Danish bløde (“to bleed”), Swedish blöda (“to bleed”).

кровоточи́ть

seldom used, име́ть кровотече́ние (imétʹ krovotečénije), идёт кровь (idjót krovʹ)

Full-page and double-page colour advertisements in the Sunday colour magazines usually bleed off the page' (or are 'bled to the margin'), […]

1998, Macmillan Dictionary of Marketing and Advertising, page 35:

Too, bleeding beyond margins provides editors with several picas of space for more layout.

2004, Dorothy A. Bowles, Diane L. Borden, Creative Editing, page 361:

(publishing, advertising, ambitransitive) To (cause to) extend to the edge of the page, without leaving any margin.


bleed

en-noun

bleed (countable and uncountable, plural bleeds)

(printing) A narrow edge around a page layout, to be printed but cut off afterwards (added to allow for slight misalignment, especially with pictures that should run to the edge of the finished sheet).


blow

From Middle English blowe, blaw, northern variant of blēwe, from Proto-Germanic *blewwaną (“to beat”) (compare Old Norse blegði (“wedge”), German einbläuen, Middle Dutch blouwen). Related to block.

The blow is important because it transitions the reader and eventually the audience from one scene to another.

2014, Martie Cook, Write to TV: Out of Your Head and onto the Screen, page 105:

(television) Synonym of button (“the punchy or suspenseful line of dialogue that concludes a scene”).


bust

en-verb

bust (third-person singular simple present busts, present participle busting, simple past and past participle busted or bust)

busts (present singular third-person)
busting (participle present)
busted (participle past)
busted (past)
bust (participle past)
bust (past)

From Middle English busten, a variant of Middle English bursten, bresten (“to burst”). Compare German Low German basten and barsten (“to burst”). More at burst.

The temptation to squeeze in a favourite headline that busts by using the flexibility of new technology is often very strong.

1990, Paul Williams, The Computerized Newspaper: A Practical Guide for Systems Users, page 105:

If your headline busts (breaks the confines of the layout) you will know straightaway. Similarly, the computer will inform you, in terms of the number of lines, how much longer or shorter the copy is in relation to the space allotted.

2007, Rob Steen, Sports Journalism: A Multimedia Primer, page 167:

(journalism, intransitive) For a headline to exceed the amount of space reserved for it.


come

There be five manner of points and divisions most used among cunning men; the which if they be well used, make the sentence very light and easy to be understood, both to the reader and hearer: and they be these, virgil,—come,—parenthesis,—plain point,—interrogative.

Whoever introduced the several points, it seems that a full-point, a point called come, answering to our colon-point, a point called virgil answering to our comma-point, the parenthesis-points and interrogative-point, were used at the close of the fourteenth, or beginning of the fifteenth century.

1842, F. Francillon, An Essay on Punctuation, page 9:

(typography, obsolete) Alternative form of comma in its medieval use as a middot ⟨·⟩ serving as a form of colon.

comma in its medieval use as a middot serving as a form of colon


creep

en-noun

creep (countable and uncountable, plural creeps)

function creep
instruction creep
mission creep
requirement creep

From Middle English crepen, from Old English crēopan (“to creep, crawl”), from Proto-West Germanic *kreupan, from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną (“to twist, creep”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ- (“to turn, wind”). Cognate with West Frisian krippe, krûpe, West Frisian crjippa (“to creep”), Low German krepen and krupen, Dutch kruipen (“to creep, crawl”), Middle High German kriefen (“to creep”), Danish krybe (“to creep”), Norwegian krype (“to creep”), Swedish krypa (“to creep, crawl”), Icelandic krjúpa (“to stoop”).
The noun is derived from the verb.
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-der.
Proto-Germanic *kreupaną
Proto-West Germanic *kreupan
Old English crēopan
Middle English crepen
English creep

etymon

(publishing) In sewn books, the tendency of pages on the inside of a quire to stand out farther than those on the outside of it.


cut

en-verb

cut (third-person singular simple present cuts, present participle cutting, simple past cut or (nonstandard) cutted, past participle cut or (archaic) cutten)

cuts (present singular third-person)
cutting (participle present)
cut (past)
cutted (nonstandard past)
cut (participle past)
cutten (archaic participle past)

From Middle English cutten, kitten, kytten, ketten (“to cut”) (compare Scots kut, kit (“to cut”)), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse *kytja, *kutta, from Proto-Germanic *kutjaną, *kuttaną (“to cut”), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *kwetwą (“meat, flesh”) (compare Old Norse kvett (“meat”)). Akin to Middle Swedish kotta (“to cut or carve with a knife”) (compare dialectal Swedish kåta, kuta (“to cut or chip with a knife”), Swedish kuta, kytti (“a knife”)), Norwegian Bokmål kutte (“to cut”), Norwegian Nynorsk kutte (“to cut”), Icelandic kuta (“to cut with a knife”), Old Norse kuti (“small knife”), Norwegian kyttel, kytel, kjutul (“pointed slip of wood used to strip bark”). Displaced native Middle English snithen (from Old English snīþan; compare German schneiden), which still survives in some dialects as snithe or snead. See snide. Adjective sense of "drunk" (now rare and now usually used in the originally jocular derivative form of half-cut) dates from the 17th century, from cut in the leg, to have cut your leg, euphemism for being very drunk.

tondi

to cut out fabric to specific lengths and shapes to make clothes

klippa bort

remove a portion during editing of a tape

cut the ground from under someone's feet

one's stomach thinks one's throat has been cut

you could cut the atmosphere with a knife

The camera then cut to the woman on the front row who was clearly overcome and crying tears of joy.

(intransitive, film) To make an abrupt transition from one scene or image to another.

(transitive, film) To edit a film by selecting takes from original footage.


cut

en-noun

cut (countable and uncountable, plural cuts)

leikkaus

notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or digging

The director asked the cast to note down the following cuts.

en:any result of cutting, literally or figuratively

(literal, figurative) The result of cutting.

(especially theater, film) A passage omitted or to be omitted from a play, movie script, speech, etc.

the director's cut

(film) A particular version or edit of a film.

The result of cutting.
A particular version or edit of a film.

versio

cinema: particular version or edit of a film


cut

Near-synonym: scene!

(film and television) An instruction to cease recording.


cut

(film and television) An instruction to cease recording


drive

drive (countable and uncountable, plural drives)

[d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv]

From Middle English driven, from Old English drīfan (“to drive, force, move”), from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots drive (“to drive”), North Frisian driwe (“to drive”), Saterland Frisian drieuwe (“to drive”), West Frisian driuwe (“to chase, drive, impel”), Dutch drijven (“to drive”), Low German drieven (“to drive, drift, push”), German treiben (“to drive, push, propel”), Norwegian Bokmål drive, Danish drive (“to drive, run, force”), Norwegian Nynorsk driva, Swedish driva (“to drive, power, drift, push, force”), Icelandic drífa (“to drive, hurry, rush”).

cog

(typography) An impression or matrix formed by a punch drift.


fly

From Middle English flye (“flying, flight”), from Old English flyge (“flying, flight”), from Proto-Germanic *flugiz.

дюкян

strip that hides the opening of trousers/pants or underpants

The person who took the printed sheets from the press.

A vibrating frame with fingers, attached to a power printing press for doing the same work.


lay

en-verb

lay (third-person singular simple present lays, present participle laying, simple past laid, past participle laid or (colloquial) lain)

lays (present singular third-person)
laying (participle present)
laid (past)
laid (participle past)
lain (colloquial participle past)
lay (infinitive)
lay (first-person present singular)
laid (first-person past singular)
lay (present second-person singular)
layest (archaic present second-person singular)
laid (past second-person singular)
laidst (archaic past second-person singular)
laidest (archaic past second-person singular)
lays (present singular third-person)
layeth (archaic present singular third-person)
laid (past singular third-person)
lay (plural present)
laid (past plural)
lay (present subjunctive)
laid (past subjunctive)
lay (imperative present)
laying (participle present)
laid (participle past)

Inherited from Middle English leyen, leggen, from Old English leċġan (“to lay”), from Proto-West Germanic *laggjan, from Proto-Germanic *lagjaną (“to lay”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *ligjaną (“to lie, recline”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie, recline”).
Cognate with West Frisian lizze (“to lay, to lie”), Dutch leggen (“to lay”), German legen (“to lay”), Norwegian Bokmål legge (“to lay”), Norwegian Nynorsk leggja (“to lay”), Swedish lägga (“to lay”), Icelandic leggja (“to lay”), Albanian lag (“troop, band, war encampment”).

cog

the best laid plans of mice and men go oft astray

the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry

(printing) To place and arrange (pages) for a form upon the imposing stone.

(printing) To place (new type) properly in the cases.


lean

en-adj

lean (comparative leaner, superlative leanest)

leaner (comparative)
leanest (superlative)

From Middle English lene (“lean”), from Old English hlǣne (“lean”), (cognate with Low German leen), perhaps from hlǣnan (“to cause to lean (due to hunger or lack of food)”), from Proto-Germanic *hlainijaną (“to cause to lean”). If so, then related to Old English hlinian, hleonian (“to lean”).

der

lean copy, matter, or type

(printing, archaic) Of a character which prevents the compositor from earning the usual wages; opposed to fat.


back

front

antonym(s) of “side opposite the front or useful side”

front

antonym(s) of “that which is farthest away from the front”

From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.
Compare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).

agter

break one's arm patting oneself on the back

could be written on the back of a postage stamp

could fit on the back of a postage stamp

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours

Convenience and custom have familiarised us to the printed page being a little higher than the middle of the leaf, and to its having a little more margin at the fore edge than in the back.

1841, William Savage, A Dictionary of the Art of Printing, Ayer Publishing, published 1965, →ISBN, page 472:

That which is farthest away from the front.

The side of any object which is opposite the front or useful side.


cliché

(printing) A stereotype (printing plate).


cliché

→ Catalan: clixé

→ Czech: klišé

→ Danish: kliché, kliche

→ English: cliché

→ Estonian: klišee

→ Finnish: klisee

→ Galician: clixé

→ German: Klischee

→ Hungarian: klisé

→ Icelandic: klisja

→ Macedonian: клише́ (klišé)

→ Persian: کلیشه (keliše)

desc

→ Portuguese: clichê, cliché (unadapted form)

→ Russian: клише́ (klišé)

→ Serbo-Croatian: klìšē/клѝше̄

→ Slovak: klišé

→ Slovene: kliše

→ Spanish: cliché

→ Turkish: klişe

Past participle of clicher (“to stereotype, (originally) to copy”, literally “to click, clink”), from Middle French clicher, from Old French cliquer (“to click, clack, sound, resound”), of Germanic origin, related to Dutch klikken (“to click, rattle”), Low German klikken (“to click”), German klicken (“to click”), Danish klikke (“to click”), Swedish klicka (“to click”). Probably onomatopoeic, and probably influenced by Middle High German klitsch (“soft, pulpy mass”), from the old technique of creating a printing plate. More at click.

cog

La reproduction dans la presse de dessins et de photographies se fait au moyen de clichés typographiques.

The reproduction in the press of drawings and photographs is done by means of typographical clichés.


contraction

en-noun

contraction (countable and uncountable, plural contractions)

PIE word
 *ḱóm
From Late Middle English contraccioun, contraxion (“spasm, contraction; constriction, shrinking; act of pressing together”), from Old French contraction (modern French contraction), from Latin contractiō(n) (“a drawing together, contraction; abridgement, shortening; dejection, despondency”), from contrahō (“to draw things together, assemble, collect, gather; to enter into a contract”) + -tiō(n) (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or their results). Contrahō is derived from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of objects) + trahō (“to drag, pull”) (probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). By surface analysis, contract + -ion (suffix denoting actions or processes, or their results).

verkleining

Don’t is a contraction of do not; and ’til is a contraction of until.

Senses relating to pulling together or shortening.

A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.

(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark.


machine

→ Ainu: マシン

→ Bengali: মেশিন (meśin)

→ Cowlitz: məšín

→ Irish: meaisín

→ Japanese: マシン (mashin)

→ Korean: 머신 (meosin)

→ Maori: mīhini

→ Punjabi

Gurmukhi script: ਮਸ਼ੀਨ (maśīn)

Shahmukhi script: مشین (maśīn)

→ Swahili: mashine

→ Tok Pisin: masin

Borrowed from Middle French machine, from Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhănā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhănḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. Displaced native Old English searu.

cog

perpetual motion machine of the first kind

perpetual motion machine of the second kind

Outline of machines on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

I am apt to think, that the changing of the Trojan fleet into water-nymphs, which is the most violent machine in the whole Æneid[…]

1712 May 2 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “MONDAY, April 21, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 351; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume IV, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:

(poetry) Supernatural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being introduced to perform some exploit.


tractor

en-verb

tractor (third-person singular simple present tractors, present participle tractoring, simple past and past participle tractored)

tractors (present singular third-person)
tractoring (participle present)
tractored (participle past)
tractored (past)

Formed from Latin tractus, perfect passive participle of trahere (“to pull”), + agent noun suffix -or.

(transitive, science fiction) To move with a tractor beam.


canal

From Old Galician-Portuguese canal, from Latin canālis (“canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). This form may possibly be an early borrowing or semi-learned term; compare the fully inherited doublet cale, and related calha.

(radio) channel (broadcasting: specific radio frequency or band of frequencies)


actor

ca-noun

actor m (plural actors, feminine actriu)


actor

ro-noun

actor m (plural actori, feminine equivalent actriță or actoriță)

actori (plural)
equivalent actriță (feminine)
actoriță (feminine)
actor (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
actorul (accusative definite nominative singular)
actori (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
actorii (accusative definite nominative plural)
actor (indefinite singular)
actorului (definite singular)
actori (indefinite plural)
actorilor (definite plural)
actorule (singular vocative)
actorilor (plural vocative)
aftor (alternative dated)

Borrowed from French acteur, Latin āctor.


actor

actorion (plural)
actor
hactor (prothesis-h)


cable

Recorded since c.1205 as Middle English cable, from Old Northern French cable, from Late Latin capulum (“lasso, rope, halter”), from Latin capiō (“to take, seize”). Use of the term "cable" to refer to the USD/GBP exchange rate originated in the mid-19th century, when the exchange rate began to be transmitted across the Atlantic by a submarine communications cable.

կաբելային

communications system with coaxial or fiber optic

cable television
cable television#English

(communication) A system for transmitting television or Internet services over a network of coaxial or fibreoptic cables.

(television) Ellipsis of cable television, broadcast over the above network, not by antenna.


thunder

en-noun

thunder (countable and uncountable, plural thunders)

→ Alemannic German: Thönder

→ Japanese: サンダー (sandā)

→ Tagalog: tanders

→ Tok Pisin: tanda

From Middle English thunder, thonder, thundre, thonre, thunnere, þunre, from Old English þunor (“thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *þunr, from Proto-Germanic *þunraz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten-, *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”).
Compare astound, astonish, stun. Germanic cognates include West Frisian tonger, Dutch donder, German Donner, Old Norse Þórr (English Thor), Danish torden, Norwegian Nynorsk tore. Other cognates include Persian تندر (tondar), Latin tonō, detonō, Ancient Greek στένω (sténō), στενάζω (stenázō), στόνος (stónos), Στέντωρ (Sténtōr), Irish torann, Welsh taran, Gaulish Taranis. Doublet of donner, Thunor, and Thor.

Adam's fall and Vico's thunder are embodied in a word of a hundred letters, the first of ten thunders in the Wake.

1996, William York Tindall, A Reader's Guide to Finnegans Wake, page 31:


bug

bugs (plural)
bugg (alternative obsolete)

First attested in this form around 1620 (referring to a “bedbug”), from earlier bugge (“beetle”), from Middle English bugge (“scarecrow, hobgoblin”) which is traced alternatively to:
* a Celtic root found in Scots bogill (“goblin, bugbear”) and obsolete Welsh bwg (“ghost, hobgoblin”); compare Welsh bwgwl (“threat, fear”) and Isthmus Mixe bocanách (“supernatural being”).
* Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”); compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge (“goblin, snot”).
* or to a word related to buck and originally referring to a goat-shaped spectre.
For the “insect” meaning the assonance with Middle English budde (“beetle”), from Old English budda, from Proto-Germanic *buddô, *buzdô, from the same ultimate source as above, might have played a role. Compare Low German Budde (“louse, grub”), Norwegian budda (“newborn domestic animal”)). More at bud. But ultimately this convergence of meaning doesn't prove a conflation of the two terms, they might have existed parallely since PIE times with similar meanings, even if unnoticed by literary sources.
The term is used to refer to technical errors and problems at least as early as the 19th century, predating the commonly known story of a moth being caught in a computer.

cog

given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow

Channel 4's bug distracted Jim from his favorite show.

The score bug displays the current football score over the ongoing match.

(television) A small, usually transparent or translucent image placed in a corner of a television program to identify the broadcasting network or cable channel.

logo

a small image placed in a corner of a television program

paruli mosmenis elekṭronuli moc̣q̇obiloba

ფარული მოსმენის ელექტრონული მოწყობილობა


business

en-noun

business (countable and uncountable, plural businesses)

businesses (plural)
biz (alternative clipping)
bisoness (alternative obsolete)
businesse (alternative obsolete)
busynesse (alternative obsolete)
bizness (alternative African-American-Vernacular-English pronunciation-spelling)
bidness (alternative African-American-Vernacular-English Southern pronunciation-spelling)

Tok Pisin: bisnis

→ Albanian: biznes

→ Belarusian: бі́знэс (bíznes)

→ Bulgarian: би́знес (bíznes)

→ Czech: business, byznys

→ Dutch: business

→ Indonesian: bisnis, bisnes

→ Faroese: besnissaður

→ Finnish: bisnes, business

→ French: business

→ Haitian Creole: biznis

→ Italian: business

→ Japanese: ビジネス (bijinesu)

→ Jersey Dutch: bääznäs

→ Marshallese: peejnej

→ Moroccan Arabic: بزناس (biznās)

desc

→ Newar: बनय्ज्या (banêjyā), बनेज्या (banejyā)

→ Pennsylvania German: Bisniss

→ Polish: biznes

→ Romanian: bișniță

desctree

→ Russian: би́знес (bíznes), би́знесъ (bíznɛs) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: բիզնես (biznes)
→ Yakut: биисинэс (biisines)

→ Slovak: biznis

→ Spanish: bisnes, bisne

→ Tatar: business

→ Ukrainian: бі́знес (bíznes)

→ Welsh: busnes

From Middle English busines, busynes, businesse, bisynes, from Old English bisiġnes (“business, busyness”), equivalent to busy + -ness. Doublet of busyness.

business

action carried out with a prop or piece of clothing

business in the front, party in the back

The business with the hat is a fine example of the difficulty of distinguishing between 'natural' and 'formal' acting.

1983, Peter Thomson, Shakespeare's Theatre, →ISBN, page 155:

(acting, theater) Ellipsis of stage business (“aspect of acting”).


card

en-noun

card (countable and uncountable, plural cards)

→ Bengali: কার্ড (karḍo)

→ Burmese: ကတ် (kat)

→ Chinese: 卡 (kǎ)

→ Gujarati: કાર્ડ (kārḍ)

→ Hausa: kati

→ Hindi: कार्ड (kārḍ)

→ Italian: card

→ Japanese: カード (kādo)

→ Korean: 카드 (kadeu)

→ Malay: kad

→ Pashto: کارډ (kārḍ)

Pitcairn-Norfolk: kaad

→ Sinhalese: කාඩ් (kāḍ)

→ Swahili: kadi

→ Tagalog: kard

→ Urdu: کارڈ (kārḍ)

From Middle English carde (“playing card”), from Old French carte, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “paper, papyrus”). Doublet of chart.

der

(television) A title card or intertitle: a piece of filmed, printed text edited into the midst of the photographed action at various points, generally to convey character dialogue or descriptive narrative material related to the plot.


weight

en-noun

weight (countable and uncountable, plural weights)

weights (plural)
wt. (alternative)
waight (alternative obsolete)

Belizean Creole: wayt

→ Japanese: ウエイト (ueito)

→ Burmese: ဝိတ် (wit)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th (abstract nominal suffix).
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

font weight

(typography) The boldness of a font; the relative thickness of its strokes.


bubble

Partly imitative, also influenced by burble. Compare Middle Dutch bobbe (“bubble”) > Dutch bubbel (“bubble”), Low German bubbel (“bubble”), Danish boble (“bubble”), Swedish bubbla (“bubble”). The word was first used in its economic sense in association with the collapse of the South Sea Company in 1720, based on the metaphor of an inflated soap bubble bursting.

onom

imitative

A bare lamp (bulb, globe, 'bubble') radiates light in all directions.

2013, Gerald Millerson, Lighting for TV and Film, page 296:

(television, slang) A bulb or lamp; the part of a lighting assembly that actually produces the light.


body

en-noun

body (countable and uncountable, plural bodies)

bodies (plural)
bodie (alternative obsolete)

→ Bislama: bodi

→ Chichewa: bóde

→ Finnish: bodi

→ Indonesian: bodi

Jamaican Creole: badi, bady

Nigerian Pidgin: bọdí

→ Spanish: bodi

→ Swahili: bodi

desc

→ Thai: บอดี้ (bɔɔ-dîi), บอดี

→ Thai: บอดี้ (bɔɔ-dîi), บอดี

Tok Pisin: bodi

Torres Strait Creole: bodi

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ-
Proto-West Germanic *bodag
Old English bodiġ
Middle English bodi
English body
From Middle English bodi, bodiȝ, from Old English bodiġ (“body, trunk, chest, torso, height, stature”), from Proto-West Germanic *bodag (“body, trunk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, observe”). Cognate with Old High German botah (whence Swabian Bottich (“body, torso”)).

有黏性

comparative viscosity, solidity or substance

body-focused repetitive behavior disorder

a nonpareil face on an agate body

The stemless notes could have been cast on a body as short as 4 mm but were probably cast on bodies of the standard 14 mm size for ease of composition.

1992, Mary Kay Duggan, Italian Music Incunabula: Printers and Type, page 99:

(printing) The shank of a type, or the depth of the shank (by which the size is indicated).


button

→ German: Button

→ Hindi: बटन (baṭan)

→ Gujarati: બટન (baṭan)

→ Korean: 버튼 (beoteun)

→ Maori: pātene

→ Marathi: बटण (baṭaṇ)

→ Urdu: بَٹَن (baṭan)

From Middle English boton, botoun, from Old French boton (Modern French bouton), from Old French bouter, boter (“to push; thrust”), ultimately from a Germanic language. Doublet of Biden and beat. More at butt.

One thing you definitely don't want to do is write past the button. For example, a scene's natural button might run something like this:
TONY: That kind of talk is exactly what I'm talking about.
Whereas an example of writing past the button would sound something like this:
TONY: That kind of talk is exactly what I'm talking about.
CARMELLA: Okay. 'Bye.
TONY: Bye.

2006, David Kukoff, Vault Guide to Television Writing Careers, page 77:

(television) The punchy or suspenseful line of dialogue that concludes a scene.


basket

en-verb

basket (third-person singular simple present baskets, present participle basketing, simple past and past participle basketed)

baskets (present singular third-person)
basketing (participle present)
basketed (participle past)
basketed (past)

From Middle English basket, from Anglo-Norman baschet, basket, bascat, of obscure origin.
One theory is that it derives from Late Latin bascauda (“kettle, table-vessel”), from Proto-Brythonic (in Breton baskodenn), from Proto-Celtic *baskis (“bundle, load”), from purported Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- (“bundle”), but this is now widely viewed as a substrate word for phonetic reasons. Related to Latin fascis (“bundle, package, load”) (whence English fasces), Albanian bokshe (“bundle”), Breton bac'h (“bundle, load”), Ancient Greek φάκελος (phákelos) and βάσκιοι (báskioi) (“bundle (of sticks)”); see also faggot (“(originally) bundle of sticks”).

unk

obscure

der

Foreign language paperback, serial and book club would be basketed together in a 50/50 subsidiary rights clause.

1974, Publishers Weekly, volume 206, numbers 1-14, page 70:

It may very well be that such "basketing" of hardcover, paperback, movie, and other rights within the divisions of […]

1981, Thomas Whiteside, The Blockbuster Complex:

(transitive, publishing) To cross-collateralize the royalty advances for multiple works so that the creator is not paid until all of those works have achieved a certain level of success.


bridge

bridges (plural)
bridg (alternative obsolete)
brigge (alternative)

From Middle English brigge, from Old English brycġ (“bridge”), from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, *brugjǭ (“bridge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”).
Cognate with Scots brig, brigg, breeg (“bridge”), Saterland Frisian Brääch (“bridge”), West Frisian brêge (“bridge”), Dutch brug (“bridge”), German Brücke (“bridge”), Danish brygge (“wharf”), Icelandic brygga (“pier”), Gaulish briua (“bridge”).
The verb is from Middle English briggen, from Old English brycġian (“to bridge, make a causeway, pave”), derived from the noun. Cognate with Dutch bruggen (“to bridge”), Middle Low German bruggen (“to bridge”), Old High German bruccōn (“to bridge”) (whence Modern German brücken).
The musical connection sense is a semantic loan from German Steg, from Old High German steg.

ацҳа

construction or natural feature that spans a divide

if someone told you to jump off a bridge, would you do it

(poetry) A point in a line where a break in a word unit cannot occur.


overlay

en-verb

overlay (third-person singular simple present overlays, present participle overlaying, simple past and past participle overlaid or overlayed)

overlays (present singular third-person)
overlaying (participle present)
overlaid (participle past)
overlaid (past)
overlayed (participle past)
overlayed (past)

/ˌəʊ.vəˈleɪ/

From Middle English overleyen, from Old English oferleċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *obarlaggjan, from Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną, equivalent to over- + lay. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurläze, úurlääse, Dutch overleggen, German Low German overleggen, överleggen, German überlegen, Swedish överlägga, Norwegian overlegge. Compare overlie.

(transitive, printing) To put an overlay on.


overlay

/ˈəʊ.vəˌleɪ/

(printing) A piece of paper pasted upon the tympan sheet to improve the impression by making it stronger at a particular place.


overrun

overrun (third-person singular simple present overruns, present participle overrunning, simple past overran, past participle overrun)

overruns (present singular third-person)
overrunning (participle present)
overran (past)
overrun (participle past)

/ˌəʊ.vəˈɹʌn/

/ˌoʊ.vɚˈɹʌn/

(printing) To carry (some type, a line or column, etc.) backward or forward into an adjacent line or page.


overshoot

en-noun

overshoot (countable and uncountable, plural overshoots)

/ˌəʊ.vəˈʃuːt/

From Middle English overshoten, oversheten (“to shoot beyond, shoot past, pour down from above”), perhaps continuing Old English ofersċēotan (“to shoot down”), equivalent to over- + shoot.

inh

The portion resting beyond the capline or baseline is called overshoot.

2019, Reece Patton, Formatting for Print:

The bowl of the D and the O are usually not identical, as most D forms do not have overshoot or undershoot.

2020, Karen Cheng, Designing Type, 2nd edition, page 88:

(countable, uncountable, typography, design) The portion of a letter extending above the capline of other letters of the same font, or the relative degree of such extent.


prove

en-verb

prove (third-person singular simple present proves, present participle proving, simple past proved, past participle proved or proven)

proves (present singular third-person)
proving (participle present)
proved (past)
proved (participle past)
proven (participle past)
prove (infinitive)
prove (first-person present singular)
proved (first-person past singular)
prove (present second-person singular)
provest (archaic present second-person singular)
proved (past second-person singular)
provedst (archaic past second-person singular)
proves (present singular third-person)
proveth (archaic present singular third-person)
proved (past singular third-person)
prove (plural present)
proved (past plural)
prove (present subjunctive)
proved (past subjunctive)
prove (imperative present)
proving (participle present)
proved (participle past)
proven (participle past)
proove (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English proven, from Old English prōfian (“to esteem, regard as, evince, try, prove”) and Old French prover (“to prove”), both from Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Displaced native Middle English sothen (“to prove”), from Old English sōþian (“to prove”). Doublet of probe. More at for, be, soothe.

der

to prove a page

(printing, dated, transitive) To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of.


recast

en-verb

recast (third-person singular simple present recasts, present participle recasting, simple past and past participle recast)

recasts (present singular third-person)
recasting (participle present)
recast (participle past)
recast (past)

According to As the World Turns producer, Michael Laibson, the decision was made to recast the role, because the producers and writers felt it would annoy the audience to have Betsy discontinued so soon after her long-delayed marriage […]

2002, Robert C. Allen, To Be Continued...: Soap Operas Around the World, Routledge, →ISBN, page 153:

(transitive, film, theater) To assign (roles in a play or performance) to different actors.

She was recast as the villain.

(transitive, film, theater) To assign (actors) to different roles.


remake

Le duel qui se rejoue dimanche 24 avril entre les deux finalistes du scrutin de 2017 ne saurait être un simple remake.

2022 April 23, Patrick Roger, “Présidentielle 2022 : les clés de lecture avant le second tour entre Emmanuel Macron et Marine Le Pen”, in Le Monde.fr:

The rematch between the two finalists in the 2017 election that will take place on Sunday 24 April cannot be a simple repeat of last time.


remake

remake (nominative singular)
remaki (nominative plural)
remake'u (genitive singular)
remake'ów (genitive plural)
remake'owi (dative singular)
remake'om (dative plural)
remake (accusative singular)
remaki (accusative plural)
remakiem (instrumental singular)
remake'ami (instrumental plural)
remake'u (locative singular)
remake'ach (locative plural)
remake'u (singular vocative)
remaki (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English remake.


rerun

(publishing) Another printing run (impression; batch of copies of a given edition) of a book, cartoon, etc.


reset

→ German: Reset

→ Japanese: リセット (risetto)

(typography) That which is reset; printed matter set up again.


ride

ride (third-person singular simple present rides, present participle riding, simple past rode or (obsolete) rade or (obsolete) rid, past participle ridden or (now colloquial and nonstandard) rode)

rides (present singular third-person)
riding (participle present)
rode (past)
rade (obsolete past)
rid (obsolete past)
ridden (participle past)
rode (colloquial nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English riden, from Old English rīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīdan, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreydʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH-.
Cognates
From Proto-Germanic: North Frisian ride (“to ride”), Saterland Frisian riede (“to ride”), West Frisian ride (“to ride”), Low German rieden (“to ride”), Dutch rijden (“to ride”), German reiten (“to ride”), Danish ride (“to ride”), Swedish rida (“to ride”).
From Indo-European: Welsh rhwyddhau (“to hurry”).

set a beggar on horseback and he'll ride to the Devil

vocal riding

The board operator normally watches the meter scale marked for modulation percentage, riding the gain to bring volume peaks into the 85% to 100% range.

2006, Simran Kohli, Radio Jockey Handbook:

“You don't want them riding the volume knob, so that's why you learn how to do your levels properly to make the whole thing transparent for the listener. […]

2017, Michael O'Connell, Turn Up the Volume: A Down and Dirty Guide to Podcasting, page 22:

(radio, television, transitive) To monitor (some component of an audiovisual signal) in order to keep it within acceptable bounds.


ride

(printing, historical) A fault caused by the overlapping of leads, etc.


ring

→ French: ring
→ Romanian: ring

→ Hungarian: ring

→ Italian: ring

→ Japanese: リング

→ Polish: ring

→ Serbo-Croatian: ring

→ Spanish: ring

→ Turkish: ring

From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.
Cognates
* West Frisian ring
* Low German Ring
* Dutch ring
* German Ring
* Swedish ring
* Finnish rengas
More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (whence Bulgarian кръг (krǎg), Polish krąg, Russian круг (krug)).

(typography) A diacritical mark in the shape of a hollow circle placed above or under the letter; a kroužek.


rise

rise (third-person singular simple present rises, present participle rising, simple past rose, past participle risen or (nonstandard) rised or (now nonstandard) rose)

rises (present singular third-person)
rising (participle present)
rose (past)
risen (participle past)
rised (nonstandard participle past)
rose (nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English risen, from Old English rīsan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīsan, from Proto-Germanic *rīsaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to rise, arise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”). See also raise.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian rize, Saterland Frisian riese (“to arise”), Dutch rijzen (“to rise, ascend, lift”), German Low German riesen (“to rise; arise”), German dialectal reisen (“to fall”), Norwegian Nynorsk risa (“to rise”), Icelandic rísa (“to rise”). Related also to German reisen (“to travel, fare”), Dutch reizen (“to travel”), Danish rejse (“to travel”), Swedish resa (“to travel”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rris (“I raise, grow”) and Russian рост (rost, “growth”).

cog

sure as the sun is going to rise tomorrow morning

(printing, dated) To be lifted, or capable of being lifted, from the imposing stone without dropping any of the type; said of a form.


set

From Middle English set, sette, from Old English set (“seat, place of residence, camp, settlement, entrenchment, stable, pen”), from Proto-West Germanic *set (“seat”), from Proto-Germanic *setą (“seat”).

inh

(printing, dated) The width of the body of a type.


bourgeois

/bəɹˈd͡ʒɔɪs/

From Middle English burjois, from French Bourgois, probably from Bourges (a city in France) + -ois (forming adjectives) but possibly from bourgeois above or after Jean de Bourgeois who worked as a printer in Rouen c. 1500.

(printing, dated) A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point.


shoot

en-verb

shoot (third-person singular simple present shoots, present participle shooting, simple past shot, past participle shot or (rare) shotten)

shoots (present singular third-person)
shooting (participle present)
shot (past)
shot (participle past)
shotten (participle past rare)
shoot (infinitive)
shoot (first-person present singular)
shot (first-person past singular)
shooted (archaic first-person past singular)
shoot (present second-person singular)
shootest (archaic present second-person singular)
shot (past second-person singular)
shooted (archaic past second-person singular)
shootedst (archaic past second-person singular)
shoots (present singular third-person)
shooteth (archaic present singular third-person)
shot (past singular third-person)
shooted (archaic past singular third-person)
shoot (plural present)
shot (past plural)
shooted (archaic past plural)
shoot (present subjunctive)
shot (past subjunctive)
shooted (archaic past subjunctive)
shoot (imperative present)
shooting (participle present)
shot (participle past)
shooted (archaic participle past)
shotten (archaic participle past)

→ Catalan: xut

→ Greek: σουτ (sout)

→ Hijazi Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ North Levantine Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ Persian: شوت (šut)

desc

→ Portuguese: chuto, chute (Brazil), chutar

→ Romanian: șut

→ Vietnamese: sút

From Middle English shoten, from Old English scēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwd-e-ti, from *(s)kewd- (“to shoot, throw”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sjitte, Low German scheten, Dutch schieten, German schießen, Danish skyde, Norwegian Bokmål skyte, Norwegian Nynorsk skyta, Swedish skjuta; and also, through Indo-European, with Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Albanian hedh (“to throw, toss”), Persian چست (čost, “quick, active”), Lithuanian skudrùs.

(+ partitive object when injuring or genitive object when killing) ampua

when the looting starts, the shooting starts

The film was mostly shot in France.

(transitive, intransitive, analogous, film, television) To film.


shot

en-noun

shot (countable and uncountable, plural shots)

→ Dutch: shot

→ French: shot

→ Macedonian: шот (šot)

→ Malay: syot

→ Polish: shot

→ Portuguese: shot

→ Russian: шот (šot)

→ Spanish: shot

→ Swedish: shot

→ Ukrainian: шот (šot)

From Old English sceot, from Proto-Germanic *skutą; compare the doublet scot.

you miss 100% of the shots you don't take

We got a good shot of the hummingbirds mating.

Even if everyone else is taking close-up shots of the crumpled body of a rock climber who fell to his death, and your photographer did too, maybe you don't feel the need to air that shot.

2004, Robert Thompson, Cindy Malone, The Broadcast Journalism Handbook: A Television News Survival Guide, →ISBN, page 4:

On arrival at Birmingham New Street, I make my way upstairs to the mezzanine to get shots of an almost deserted concourse, polka-dotted with social distancing circles like some strange board-game.

2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 68:

(photography, film) A single snapshot or an unbroken sequence of photographic film exposures, or the digital equivalent; an unedited sequence of frames.

لَقْطَة

photography: single unbroken sequence of photographic exposures


shot

nl-noun

shot n or m (plural shots, diminutive shotje n)

shots (plural)
shotje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English shot. Doublet of schot.

(film, photography) shot (sequence of frames)


speed

From Middle English spede (“prosperity, good luck, quickness, success”), from Old English spēd (“success”), from Proto-West Germanic *spōdi (“prosperity, success”), from Proto-West Germanic *spōan, from Proto-Germanic *spōaną (“to prosper, succeed, be happy”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, turn out well”). Cognate with Scots spede, speid (“success, quickness, speed”), Dutch spoed (“haste; speed”), German Low German Spood (“haste; speed; eagerness; success”), German Sput (“progress, acceleration, haste”). Related also to Old English spōwan (“to be successful, succeed”), Albanian shpejt (“to speed, to hurry”) and Russian спеши́ть (spešítʹ, “to hurry”), Latin spēs (“hope, expectation”), spērō (“hope”, verb), perhaps also to Ancient Greek σπεύδω (speúdō, “to urge on, hasten, press on”).

cog

“Speed,” Carlos, the soundman, said. […]
“Camera.”
“Rolling,” replied Bryce, the cameraman.

2000, Brian J. Hayes, A Boy Scout in Hollywood, page 30:

[…] the director called, “Roll 'em,” the sound man said, “Speed,” and Norling stepped in and said, […]

2012, Tom Mascaro, Into the Fray, page 52:

(film) Called by the soundman when the recording equipment has reached running speed and is ready to go.


stick

en-noun

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

[…]although the headings may often be in other type, still, as these are composed in the same stick, they cannot fail to justify;[…]

1854, Thomas Ford, The Compositor's Handbook, page 125:

A tool, control, or instrument shaped somewhat like a stick.

(dated, letterpress typography) A composing stick, the tool used by compositors to assemble lines of type.


stick

en-verb

stick (third-person singular simple present sticks, present participle sticking, simple past and past participle sticked)

sticks (present singular third-person)
sticking (participle present)
sticked (participle past)
sticked (past)

to stick type

(transitive, printing, slang, dated) To compose; to set, or arrange, in a composing stick.


strike

→ Danish: strike

→ Dutch: strike

→ French: strike

→ German: Strike

→ Italian: strike

→ Japanese: ストライク (sutoraiku)

→ Korean: 스트라이크 (seuteuraikeu)

→ Portuguese: strike

→ Russian: страйк (strajk)

→ Spanish: strike

→ Swedish: strike

→ Danish: strejke

→ Esperanto: striko

→ Hungarian: sztrájk

→ Japanese: ストライキ (sutoraiki)

desctree

→ German: Streik, Strike (obsolete, 19th c.)
→ Kashubian: sztrajk
→ Macedonian: штрајк (štrajk)
→ Serbo-Croatian: štrȁjk /штра̏јк
→ Slovak: štrajk

→ Polish: strajk
→ Belarusian: страйк (strajk)
→ Ukrainian: страйк (strajk)

→ Swedish: strejk

→ Welsh: streic

From Middle English stryken, from Old English strīcan, from Proto-West Germanic *strīkan, from Proto-Germanic *strīkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, rub, press”).
Cognate with Dutch strijken, German streichen, Danish stryge, Icelandic strýkja, strýkva.

der

(printing, historical) An imperfect matrix for type.


tell

en-verb

tell (third-person singular simple present tells, present participle telling, simple past and past participle told or (dialectal or nonstandard) telled)

tells (present singular third-person)
telling (participle present)
told (participle past)
told (past)
telled (dialectal participle past)
telled (dialectal past)
tell (infinitive)
tell (first-person present singular)
told (first-person past singular)
tell (present second-person singular)
tellest (archaic present second-person singular)
told (past second-person singular)
toldest (archaic past second-person singular)
tells (present singular third-person)
telleth (archaic present singular third-person)
told (past singular third-person)
tell (plural present)
told (past plural)
tell (present subjunctive)
told (past subjunctive)
tell (imperative present)
telling (participle present)
told (participle past)

From Middle English tellen (“to count, tell”), from Old English tellan (“to count, tell”), from Proto-West Germanic *talljan, from Proto-Germanic *taljaną, *talzijaną (“to count, enumerate”), from Proto-Germanic *talą, *talǭ (“number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *dol- (“calculation, fraud”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian tälle (“to say; tell”), West Frisian telle (“to count”), West Frisian fertelle (“to tell, narrate”), Dutch tellen (“to count”) and Dutch vertellen (“to tell”), Low German tellen (“to count”), German zählen, Faroese telja. More at tale.

cog

don't pee on my leg and tell me it's raining

don't piss on my leg and tell me it's raining

piss on someone's leg and tell them it's raining

Maria rewrote the section of her novel that talked about Meg and Sage's friendship to have less telling and more showing.

(authorship, intransitive) To reveal information in prose through outright expository statement — contrasted with show.


underlay

/ˈʌndəɹˌleɪ/

From Middle English underlay, underlei, equivalent to under- + lay.

(printing, historical) A piece of paper pasted under woodcuts, stereotype plates, etc. in a form, to bring them up to the necessary level for printing.


round

en-adj

round (comparative rounder or more round, superlative roundest or most round)

rounder (comparative)
more round (comparative)
roundest (superlative)
most round (superlative)
around (alternative)
ron (alternative)

From Middle English round, rounde, from Old Northern French roünt, rund, Old French ront, runt, reont ( > French rond), from both Late Latin retundus and the original Latin rotundus. The noun developed partly from the adjective and partly from the corresponding French noun rond. Doublet of rotund.

pyöreä

pronounced with the mouth in the shape of an "O"

(authorship, of a fictional character) Well-written and well-characterized; complex and reminiscent of a real person.


round

roundes (plural)
rond (alternative)
rounde (alternative)
roun (alternative)
rount (alternative)
roende (alternative Late-Middle-English)
rown (alternative Late-Middle-English)
rowne (alternative Late-Middle-English)
rownd (alternative Late-Middle-English)
rowndde (alternative Late-Middle-English)
rownde (alternative Late-Middle-English)
rowunde (alternative Late-Middle-English)

English: round

Geordie English: roond

Scots: round, roond

Yola: rent

Borrowed from Old French reont, from Late Latin retundus, from Latin rotundus.


crush

en-noun

crush (countable and uncountable, plural crushes)

From Middle English cruschen (“to crush, smash, squeeze, squash”), from Old French croissir (“to crush”), from Late Latin *crusciō (“to brush”), from Frankish *krustijan (“to crush, squeeze, squash”), from Proto-Germanic *kreustaną (“to crush, grind, strike, smash”). Cognate with Middle Low German tokrosten (“to crush, shatter”).
Akin also to Middle Dutch crosen (“to bruise, crush”), Middle Low German krossen, krȫsen (“to break, shatter”), Old Swedish krusa (“to crush”), Swedish krysta (“to squeeze”), Danish kryste (“to squash”), Icelandic kreista (“to squeeze, squash”), Faroese kroysta (“to squeeze”), Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to gnash”).

cog

black crush; white crush

(television, uncountable) The situation where certain colors are so similar as to be hard to distinguish, either as a deliberate effect or as a limitation of a display.


crush

en-verb

crush (third-person singular simple present crushes, present participle crushing, simple past and past participle crushed)

crushes (present singular third-person)
crushing (participle present)
crushed (participle past)
crushed (past)

He frames his subject in distant close-ups (we feel the distance, due mostly to the crushed perspective brought about by the telephoto lens).

2003, Michel Chion, The Films of Jacques Tati, page 78:

They realise that trajectories, space expansion and crushing are different with different lenses, whether wide angle or telephoto, and that actors' eyelines will be altered.

2010, Birgit Bräuchler, John Postill, Theorising Media and Practice, page 319:

(film, television) To give a compressed or foreshortened appearance to.

My old TV set crushes the blacks when the brightness is lowered.

(transitive, television) To make certain colors so similar as to be hard to distinguish, either as a deliberate effect or as a limitation of a display.


bottle

bottle (third-person singular simple present bottles, present participle bottling, simple past and past participle bottled)

bottles (present singular third-person)
bottling (participle present)
bottled (participle past)
bottled (past)

From Middle English botel (“bottle, flask, wineskin”), from Old French boteille, from Late Latin butticula, diminutive of buttis (“cask”). Doublet of botija.
Displaced native and pinne and non-native Old English ampella. Broadly overtook Old English flasce.

inh

Closely related to creep is the process of bottling. As you may have noticed from your folded sheet of paper, pages don't merely creep when they're folded — they also rotate slightly. This rotation or bottling is caused by the thickness or bulk of the paper.

2002, Against the Clock, QuarkXPress 5: Advanced Electronic Documents, page 58:

(printing, intransitive) Of pages printed several on a sheet: to rotate slightly when the sheet is folded two or more times.


box

en-verb

box (third-person singular simple present boxes, present participle boxing, simple past and past participle boxed)

boxes (present singular third-person)
boxing (participle present)
boxed (participle past)
boxed (past)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πῠ́ξος (pŭ́xos)
Ancient Greek -ις (-is)
Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís)bor.
Late Latin buxisbor.
Proto-West Germanic *buhsā
Old English box
Middle English box
English box
From Middle English box (“container, box, cup”), from Old English box (“box, case”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box”) from Late Latin buxis (“box”), Latin pyxis (“small box for medicines or toiletries”), of uncertain origin; compare Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”) and Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”). Doublet of piseog, pyx, and pyxis.
Cognate with Middle Dutch bosse, busse (“jar; tin; round box”) (modern Dutch bos (“wood, forest”), bus (“container, box; bushing of a wheel”)), Old High German buhsa (Middle High German buhse, bühse, modern German Büchse (“box; can”)), Swedish bössa (“box”).
The humorous plural form boxen is from box + -en, by analogy with oxen.

cog

(transitive, graphic design, printing) To enclose (images, text, etc.) in a box.


anchor

anchors (plural)
anchour (alternative archaic)

→ Chuukese: angko

From Middle English anker, from Old English ancor, ancra, from Latin ancora, from (or cognate with) Ancient Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkura). The modern form is a sixteenth-century modification after the Medieval Latin spelling anchora. Doublet of ancora, anker, angora, and Ankara.

doublet

Condoleezza Rice pops up on Fox to be told by the anchor: “When you invade a sovereign nation, that is a war crime.”

2022 March 17, Aditya Chakrabortty, “Western values? They enthroned the monster who is shelling Ukrainians today”, in The Guardian:

(television) An anchorman or anchorwoman.


act

en-noun

act (countable and uncountable, plural acts)

From Middle English acte, from Old French acte, from Latin ācta (“register of events”), plural of āctum (“decree, law”), from agere (“to do, to act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti. Compare German Akte (“file”). Partially displaced deed, from Old English dǣd (“act, deed”).

“H'm !” he said, “so, so—it is a tragedy in a prologue and three acts. I am going down this afternoon to see the curtain fall for the third time on what […] will prove a good burlesque ; but it all began dramatically enough. It was last Saturday […] that two boys, playing in the little spinney just outside Wembley Park Station, came across three large parcels done up in American cloth. […]”

1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Lisson Grove Mystery”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:

The pivotal moment in the play was in the first scene of the second act.

(countable, drama) A division of a theatrical performance.

գործողություն

drama: division of theatrical performance


ball

ball (countable and uncountable, plural balls)

→ Cantonese: 波 (bo¹)

→ Japanese: ボール (bōru)

→ Makah: ba·la

→ Yoruba: bọ́ọ̀lù

From Middle English bal, ball, balle, from an unattested Old English *beall, *bealla (“round object, ball”) or Old Norse bǫllr (“a ball”), both from Proto-Germanic *balluz, *ballô (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“ball, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Old Saxon ball, Dutch bal, Old High German bal, ballo (German Ball (“ball”); Ballen (“bale”)). Related forms in Romance are borrowings from Germanic. See also balloon, bale.

ампыл

object, generally spherical, used for playing games

туп

ballistics: a solid nonexplosive missile

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

(printing, historical) A leather-covered cushion, fastened to a handle called a ballstock; formerly used by printers for inking the form, then superseded by the roller.


cover

en-verb

cover (third-person singular simple present covers, present participle covering, simple past and past participle covered)

covers (present singular third-person)
covering (participle present)
covered (participle past)
covered (past)

→ German: covern

→ Danish: lave en cover

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Old Latin com
Latin cum
Latin con-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Latin operiō
Latin cooperiō
Old French covrirbor.
Middle English coveren
English cover
From Middle English coveren, borrowed from Old French covrir, cueuvrir (modern French couvrir), from Late Latin coperire, from Latin cooperiō (“I cover completely”), from co- (intensive prefix) + operiō (“I close, cover”). Displaced native Middle English thecchen and bethecchen (“to cover”) (from Old English þeccan, beþeccan (“to cover”)), Middle English helen, (over)helen, (for)helen (“to cover, conceal”) (from Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”)), Middle English wrien, (be)wreon (“to cover”) (from Old English (be)wrēon (“to cover”)), Middle English hodren, hothren (“to cover up”) (from Low German hudren (“to cover up”)).
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the original sense of the verb and noun cover was “hide from view” as in its cognate covert. Except in the limited sense of “cover again”, the word recover is unrelated and is cognate with recuperate. Cognate with Spanish cubrir (“to cover”).

cog

I wish that popular afternoon show would let us cover some of their commercials – their national stuff can be so annoying.

(transitive, broadcasting) To air or run locally originated material in place of network material during an internal spot break in a syndicated program.


stork

From Middle English stork, from Old English storc, from Proto-West Germanic *stork, from Proto-Germanic *sturkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sr̥ǵos (“stork”). Near cognates include Dutch stork, German Storch, Swedish stork, and Icelandic storkur. Compare also Latvian stārķis (“stork”), borrowed from Germanic.

My sister's expecting a visit from the stork.

(folklore or euphemistic) The mythical bringer of babies to families, or good news.


effect

en-noun

effect (countable and uncountable, plural effects)

Of the noun: from Middle English effect, from Old French effect (modern French effet), from Latin effectus (“an effect, tendency, purpose”), from efficiō (“accomplish, complete, effect”); see effect as a verb. Displaced Old English fremming, fremednes from fremman.
Of the verb: from Middle English effecten, partly from Medieval Latin effectuō, from Latin effectus, perfect passive participle of efficiō (“accomplish, complete, do, effect”), from ex (“out”) + faciō (“do, make”) (see fact and compare affect, infect) and partly from the noun effect.

der

The effect of flying was most convincing.

The colored bands of color that strobe through much of the text and other visual elements are perhaps the most prototypical of all Amiga demoscene effects and, again, are a direct result of the hardware on which Megademo was created to run.

2018, Jimmy Maher, The Future Was Here: The Commodore Amiga, page 186:

(cinematography, computer graphics, demoscene) An illusion produced by technical means (as in "special effect")


distribution

en-noun

distribution (countable and uncountable, plural distributions)

distributions (plural)
distribucion (alternative obsolete)

From Old French, from Latin distributio, from distribuere 'to distribute', itself from dis- 'apart' + tribuere 'to' (from tribus).

(printing, historical) The process of sorting the types and placing them in their proper boxes in the cases.


flat

en-adj

flat (comparative flatter, superlative flattest)

flatter (comparative)
flattest (superlative)
flatt (alternative obsolete)
flatte (alternative obsolete)

bumpy

antonym(s) of “having no variations in altitude”

→ Portuguese: flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

The author added a chapter to flesh out the book's flatter characters.

(figurative) Lacking liveliness or action; depressed; uninteresting; dull and boring.

(authorship, figuratively, especially of a character) Lacking in depth, substance, or believability; underdeveloped; one-dimensional.


flat

This same publisher notes pricing is a crucial factor in the mass market field of $1, $1.95 and $2.95 "flats."

1970, The Publishers Weekly, volume 197, page 85:

(publishing) A flat, glossy children's book with few pages.


crisis

From Latin crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis, “a separating, power of distinguishing, decision, choice, election, judgment, dispute”), from κρίνω (krínō, “pick out, choose, decide, judge”).

der

(drama) A point in a drama at which a conflict reaches a peak before being resolved.


八

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (八):
* → Japanese: 八(はち) (hachi)
* → Korean: 팔(八) (pal)
* → Vietnamese: bát (八)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *peːtᴰ (“eight”)
Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pɛːtᴰ
Thai: แปด (bpɛ̀ɛt)
Northern Thai: ᨸᩯ᩠ᨯ
Lao: ແປດ (pǣt)
Lü: ᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṗaed¹)
Tai Dam: ꪵꪜꪒ
Shan: ပႅတ်ႇ (pèt)
Tai Laing: ပျꧥတ်
Tai Nüa: ᥙᥦᥖᥱ (pǎet)
Phake: ပိတ် (pit)
Ahom: 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: beedt
Tai Do: pẹt
Zhuang: bet
Central Tai
Nùng: pẻt
Tày: pét

Characters in the same phonetic series (八) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 八 is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 分 and 別).
Unrelated to the bottom part of 兵, 共, 具, and 兴, in which it represents two hands holding an object. Also unrelated to 只 and 兑 in which it represents air coming out of a mouth. Unrelated to 貝. Eventually, unrelated to the bottom part of 其, 真, and 典, in which it represents the legs of a table.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pV-rjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

Han etyl

(printing) pearl (the smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point)


apex

Borrowed from Latin apex (“point, tip, summit”).

The highest or the greatest part of something, especially forming a point.

A diacritic in Classical Latin that resembles and gave rise to the acute.

A diacritic in Middle Vietnamese that indicates /ŋ͡m/.

Coordinate term: vertex

A sharp upward point formed by two strokes that meet at an acute angle, as in "W", uppercase "A", and closed-top "4", or by a tapered stroke, as in lowercase "t".


impose

en-verb

impose (third-person singular simple present imposes, present participle imposing, simple past and past participle imposed)

imposes (present singular third-person)
imposing (participle present)
imposed (participle past)
imposed (past)
impose (infinitive)
impose (first-person present singular)
imposed (first-person past singular)
impose (present second-person singular)
imposest (archaic present second-person singular)
imposed (past second-person singular)
imposedst (archaic past second-person singular)
imposes (present singular third-person)
imposeth (archaic present singular third-person)
imposed (past singular third-person)
impose (plural present)
imposed (past plural)
impose (present subjunctive)
imposed (past subjunctive)
impose (imperative present)
imposing (participle present)
imposed (participle past)

The verb is derived from Late Middle English imposen (“to place, set; to impose (a duty, etc.)”), borrowed from Middle French imposer, and Old French emposer, enposer (“to impose (a duty, tax, etc.)”) (modern French imposer), from im-, em- (variants of en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’)) + poser (“to place, put”), modelled after:
* Latin impōnere (“to place or set (something) on; (figurative) to impose (a duty, tax, etc.)”), from im- (variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘on, upon’)) + pōnō (“to place, put; etc.”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *tḱey- (“to cultivate; to live; to settle”)); and
* Latin impositus (“established; put upon, imposed”), the perfect passive participle of impōnō: see above.
The noun is derived from the verb.

der

They [pages] are imposed as follows, the illustration showing how the pages appear in the form. […] 18, 24, 32, and 48mo may be imposed in a similar manner, or may be so imposed as to be cut before folding.

1877, Edward H[enry] Knight, “Imposing”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volume II (GAS–REA), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC, page 1172, column 1:

(archaic) To physically lay or place (something) on another thing; to deposit, to put, to set.

(printing) To lay (columns or pages of type, or printing plates) arranged in a proper order on the bed of a press or an imposing stone and secure them in a chase in preparation for printing.

kiinnittää

To lay (columns or pages of type, or printing plates) arranged in a proper order on the bed of a press, etc.


polecat

From Middle English polcat, pulkat, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Middle English *pole, *poule (“hen”), from Old French poule (“hen”) + Middle English cat. Compare English foulmart.

This is adjustable telescopic tubing, wedged securely between floor and ceiling (vertical pole) or wall-to-wall (horizontal pole), within corridors, arches, window openings, doorways, etc. It may be held in position by a strong internal spring or end-screws. Designs include polecat, varipole, barricuda, jack tube, Acrow.

1991, Gerald Millerson, The Technique of Lighting for Television and Film, page 323:

This uses a battery-operated HMI/MSR 200 W rigged on a magic arm fastened to a vertical 'pole-cat'. Check that the car roof is suitable for this application and remember to include a clean card (beer mat) between the top of the pole-cat and the car roof!

2013, Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television, page 196:

(television) A tubular device used to support lights on a set.


CSS

en-noun

CSS (countable and uncountable, plural CSSs or CSSes)

The CSS has found its most productive use in DVDs containing motion pictures, and the movie industry invested heavily in the technology employed to produce CSSs in order to avoid the kind of mass copying that became prevalent with regard to music CDs in the late 1990s.

2008, John W. Hazard, Copyright Law in Business and Practice, West Group, →ISBN, page 86:

Content Scramble System
w:Content Scramble System

(media, DVD) Initialism of Content Scramble System, a DRM and encryption system for DVDs.


rim

From Middle English rim, rym, rime, from Old English rima (“rim, edge, border, bank, coast”), from Proto-Germanic *rimô, *rembô (“edge, border”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *rem-, *remə- (“to rest, support, be based”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Rim (“plank, wooden cross, trellis”), Old Saxon rimi (“edge; border; trim”), Icelandic rimi (“a strip of land”).

cog

COPY READER — Journeyman, experienced makeup, now slot man on metropolitan midwest daily. Will travel for good rim job on large paper.

1953 September 26, Editor & Publisher 1953-09-26: Vol 86 Iss 40:

A copy chief with poor people skills makes life miserable for copy editors on the rim; […]

2004, John Russial, Strategic Copy Editing, page 130:

On the rim are copy editors who edit stories for accuracy, brevity and clarity.

2009, Gaylon Eugene Murray, Effective Editing, page 7:


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.
(foot): Cockney rhyming slang, from "plates of meat" for "feet".

der

We finished making the plates this morning.

(printing) An engraved surface used to transfer an image to paper.

гравю́ра

printing: engraved surface used to transfer an image to paper

(printing, photography) An image or copy.

(printing, publishing) An illustration in a book, either black and white, or colour, usually on a page of paper of different quality from the text pages.

làmina

printing, publishing: full page illustration


dialogue

en-noun

dialogue (countable and uncountable, plural dialogues)

dialogues (plural)
dialog (alternative US)

Inherited from Middle English dialog, from Old French dialoge (French dialogue), from Late Latin dialogus, from Ancient Greek διάλογος (diálogos, “conversation, discourse”), from διά (diá, “through, inter”) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, oration, discourse”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse”), from διά (diá) + λέγειν (légein, “to speak”).

der

The movie had great special effects, but the dialogue was lackluster.

In 1936, Anstey had co-directed Housing Problems, which featured direct dialogue recording - allowing the subjects of the film to speak for themselves. As Anstey said: "At the time nobody had done it, and we gave slum dwellers a chance to make their own films."

2021 March 10, Greg Morse, “Telling the railway's story on film”, in RAIL, number 926, page 42:

(authorship) In a dramatic or literary presentation, the verbal parts of the script or text; the verbalizations of the actors or characters.

حِوَار

verbal part of a literary or dramatic work


dark

en-adj

dark (comparative darker, superlative darkest)

darker (comparative)
darkest (superlative)

From Middle English derk, from Old English deorc, from Proto-West Germanic *derk (“dark”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“dim, dull”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“dull, dirty”).

donker

having an absolute or relative lack of light

the darkest hour is just before the dawn

(broadcasting, of a television station) Off the air; not transmitting.


broad

en-adj

broad (comparative broader, superlative broadest)

broader (comparative)
broadest (superlative)

thin

antonym(s) of “wide—regarding occupied space, width of an object”

skinny

antonym(s) of “wide—regarding body width”

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-der.?
Proto-Germanic *braidaz
Proto-West Germanic *braid
Old English brād
Middle English brod
English broad
From Middle English brood, brode, from Old English brād (“broad, flat, open, extended, spacious, wide, ample, copious”), from Proto-West Germanic *braid, from Proto-Germanic *braidaz (“broad”), of uncertain origin.
Cognate with Scots braid (“broad”), West Frisian breed (“broad”), Saterland Frisian breed (“broad”), Low German breed (“broad”), breet, Dutch breed (“broad”), German breit (“broad, wide”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål bred (“broad”), Norwegian brei (“broad”), Icelandic breiður (“broad, wide”).

inh

not be able to hit the broad side of a barn

Lee: I wrote that line for you. Maeve: A bit broad, if you ask me.

2018 April 22, “Journey into Night” (39:17 from the start), in Westworld, season 2, episode 1, spoken by Maeve Millay and Lee Sizemore (Thandie Newton and Simon Quarterman), via HBO:


broad

[…] fresnel spotlights, old-type broads, sky-pans, cone-lights, etc.

Some broads have barn doors (see page 115) to block gross light spill into other set areas; others have even an adjustable beam, […]

1976, Herbert Zettl, Television Production Handbook, volume 10, page 105:

Light bounced from large white surfaces (e.g., matte reflector boards, or a white ceiling). Floodlights include scoops, broads, floodlight, banks, internally reflected units, strip lights, and cyclorama lights.

2015, Jim Owens, Television Production, page 194:

(film, television) A kind of floodlight.


solid

en-adj

solid (comparative more solid or solider, superlative most solid or solidest)

more solid (comparative)
solider (comparative)
most solid (superlative)
solidest (superlative)

From Middle English solide, borrowed from Old French solide, from Latin solidus (“solid”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-i-dʰ-o-s (“entire”), suffixed form of root *solh₂- (“integrate, whole”). Doublet of sol, sold, soldo, solidus, sou, and xu.

doublet

Coordinate term: hyphenation (noun)

American English writes many words as solid that British English hyphenates.

(typography) Written as one word, without spaces or hyphens.

(printing, dated) Not having the lines separated by leads; not open.


solid

en-adv

solid (comparative more solid, superlative most solid)

more solid (comparative)
most solid (superlative)

Many long-established compounds are set solid.

(not comparable, typography) Without spaces or hyphens.


plasma

en-verb

plasma (third-person singular simple present plasmas, present participle plasmaing, simple past and past participle plasmaed)

plasmas (present singular third-person)
plasmaing (participle present)
plasmaed (participle past)
plasmaed (past)

From Late Latin plasma (“mold”), from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma, “something formed”).

der

(science fiction, transitive) To transform something into plasma.


tail

Sranan Tongo: tere

From Middle English tail, tayl, teil, from Old English tæġl (“tail”), from Proto-West Germanic *tagl, from Proto-Germanic *taglą (“hair, fiber; hair of a tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *doḱ- (“hair of the tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to tear, fray, shred”). Cognate with Scots tail (“tail”), Saterland Frisian Tail (“tail, end”), West Frisian teil (“tail”), Dutch teil (“tail, haulm, blade”), Low German Tagel (“twisted scourge, whip of thongs and ropes; end of a rope”), German Zagel (“tail”), dialectal Danish tavl (“hair of the tail”), Swedish tagel (“hair of the tail, horsehair”), Norwegian tagl (“tail”), Icelandic tagl (“tail, horsetail, ponytail”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”). In some senses, apparently by a generalization of the usual opposition between head and tail.

cog

have the world by the tail on a downhill pull

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

trust someone as far as one could fling a bull by the tail

(typography) The lower loop of the letters in the Roman alphabet, as in g, q or y.


heavy

From Middle English hevy, heviȝ, from Old English hefiġ, hefeġ, hæfiġ (“heavy; important, grave, severe, serious; oppressive, grievous; slow, dull”), from Proto-West Germanic *habīg (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Germanic *habīgaz (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, grasp, hold”).
Cognate with Scots hevy, havy, heavy (“heavy”), Saterland Frisian heeuwich, häwich (“violent, angry”), West Frisian hevich (“violent”), Dutch hevig (“violent, severe, intense, acute”), German Low German hevig (“violent, fierce, intense, angry”), German hebig (compare heftig (“fierce, severe, intense, violent, heavy”)), Icelandic höfugur (“heavy, weighty, important”), Latin capāx (“large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious, capable, apt”).

cog

The comment may be offered here that the 'heavies' have been the Design Award's principal scorers, both in the overall bronze plaque days and, since, in the Daily/Sunday Class 1.

1973, Allen Hutt, The changing newspaper, page 151:

Reviewers in the heavies aim to impress with the depth of their knowledge and appreciation.

2006, Richard Keeble, The Newspapers Handbook:

(journalism, slang, chiefly in the plural) A newspaper of the quality press.


river

→ Finnish: river (“river (in poker)”)

Sranan Tongo: liba

From Middle English ryver, from Anglo-Norman rivere, from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria (“littoral, riverbank”), from Latin rīpārius (“of a riverbank”), from Latin rīpa (“river bank”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to scratch, tear, cut”). Unrelated to Latin rīvus (“stream”) (whence rival, derive). Doublet of riviera and rivière. Displaced native Old English ēa.

der

lake [⇒ thesaurus] "stream of running water"

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class III § 348. River

(typography) A visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page, caused by spaces between words on consecutive lines happening to coincide.

نهر أبيض

typography: visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page


live

en-adj

live (comparative more live, superlative most live)

more live (comparative)
most live (superlative)

The station presented a live news program every evening.

Are we live?

(broadcasting) Being broadcast ("on the air"), as it happens.

مُباشِر

(broadcasting) seen or heard from a broadcast, as it happens

(film) Featuring humans; not animated, in the phrases “live actors” or “live action”.


live

live (some technical senses)
(broadcasting) on air


live

pl-adj

live (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(broadcasting, colloquial, postpositive) live (seen or heard from a broadcast, as it happens)


live

live (nominative singular)
live'y (nominative plural)
live'a (genitive singular)
live'u (genitive singular)
live'ów (genitive plural)
live'owi (dative singular)
live'om (dative plural)
live'a (accusative singular)
live'u (accusative singular)
live'y (accusative plural)
live'em (instrumental singular)
live'ami (instrumental plural)
livie (locative singular)
live'ach (locative plural)
livie (singular vocative)
live'y (plural vocative)
lajw (alternative)

(broadcasting, colloquial) live transmission


pull

en-verb

pull (third-person singular simple present pulls, present participle pulling, simple past and past participle pulled)

pulls (present singular third-person)
pulling (participle present)
pulled (participle past)
pulled (past)

push

antonym(s) of “apply force to (something) so it comes towards one”

-ʊl (accents with foot–goose merger or full–fool merger)

Verb from Middle English pullen, from Old English pullian (“to pull, draw, tug, pluck off”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to West Frisian pûlje (“to shell, husk”), Middle Dutch pullen (“to drink”), Middle Dutch polen (“to peel, strip”), Low German pulen (“to pick, pluck, pull, tear, strip off husks”), Icelandic púla (“to work hard, beat”).
Noun from Middle English pul, pull, pulle, from the verb pullen (“to pull”).

cog

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

(printing, dated) To take or make (a proof or impression); so called because hand presses were worked by pulling a lever.


pull

en-noun

pull (countable and uncountable, plural pulls)

button

antonym(s) of “device meant to be pulled”

(printing, historical) A single impression from a handpress.


float

en-verb

float (third-person singular simple present floats, present participle floating, simple past and past participle floated)

floats (present singular third-person)
floating (participle present)
floated (participle past)
floated (past)

From Middle English floten, from Old English flotian (“to float”), from Proto-West Germanic *flotōn, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“to float”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewd-, *plew- (“to float, swim, fly”). Compare flow, fleet.

To get the footer acting right, you need to float it and clear it on both margins.

2010, Andy Harris, HTML, XHTML and CSS All-In-One For Dummies, page 290:

(computing, publishing, transitive) To cause (an element within a document) to float above or beside others.


float

From Middle English flote, from Old English flota (“sailor, boat”), from Proto-West Germanic *flotō, from Proto-Germanic *flutô, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd-.

(publishing, digital typesetting) Any object (element) whose location in composition (page makeup, pagination) does not flow within body text but rather floats outside of it, usually anchored loosely (in buoy metaphor) to spots within it (citations, callouts): a figure (image), table, box, pull quote, ornament, or other floated element.