चक्र

cakrá (romanization)
चक्रम् (nominative singular)
चक्रे (dual nominative)
चक्राणि (nominative plural)
चक्रा1 (nominative plural)
चक्र (singular vocative)
चक्रे (dual vocative)
चक्राणि (plural vocative)
चक्रा1 (plural vocative)
चक्रम् (accusative singular)
चक्रे (accusative dual)
चक्राणि (accusative plural)
चक्रा1 (accusative plural)
चक्रेण (instrumental singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चक्रैः (instrumental plural)
चक्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चक्राय (dative singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चक्रात् (ablative singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चक्रस्य (genitive singular)
चक्रयोः (dual genitive)
चक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चक्रे (locative singular)
चक्रयोः (dual locative)
चक्रेषु (locative plural)
चक्रः (nominative singular)
चक्रौ (dual nominative)
चक्रा1 (dual nominative)
चक्राः (nominative plural)
चक्रासः1 (nominative plural)
चक्र (singular vocative)
चक्रौ (dual vocative)
चक्रा1 (dual vocative)
चक्राः (plural vocative)
चक्रासः1 (plural vocative)
चक्रम् (accusative singular)
चक्रौ (accusative dual)
चक्रा1 (accusative dual)
चक्रान् (accusative plural)
चक्रेण (instrumental singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चक्रैः (instrumental plural)
चक्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चक्राय (dative singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चक्रात् (ablative singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चक्रस्य (genitive singular)
चक्रयोः (dual genitive)
चक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चक्रे (locative singular)
चक्रयोः (dual locative)
चक्रेषु (locative plural)

desc

Assamese: চাক (sak), চকা (soka), চাকি (saki)

Bengali: চাকা (caka)

Marathi: चाक (cāk)

Odia: ଚକ (caka)

desctree

Pali: cakka
→ Burmese: စက် (cak)
→ Shan: ၸၢၵ်ႈ (tsāak)
→ Jingpho: jak
→ S'gaw Karen: စဲး (seḧ)
→ Western Kayah: ꤡꤢꤧ (cae)
→ Zaiwa: svdiq
→ Lao: ຈັກ (chak), ຈັກກະ (chak ka)

desc

Punjabi: ਚੱਕਰ (cakkar, “circle, rotation”), ਚੱਕਾ (cakkā, “wheel, rim”)

Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠇꠣ (saxa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓 (cakka)

Konkani: cāk

Devanagari script: चाक

Kannada script: ಚಾಕ್

Latin script: chaak

Old Marathi: cāka

Devanagari script: चाक

Modi script: 𑘓𑘰𑘎

Marathi: चाक (cāk)

Borrowings:

→ Bengali: চক্র (cokro)

→ English: chakra, chakram

→ Finnish: chakra

→ Gujarati: ચક્ર (cakra)

→ Hindi: चक्र (cakra), चक्कर (cakkar)

→ Kannada: ಚಕ್ರ (cakra)

→ Malay: cakera, cakra (چاکرا)

→ Malayalam: ചക്രം (cakraṁ)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: chakra

Norwegian Nynorsk: chakra

→ Japanese: チャクラ (chakura)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: cakra
Javanese: ꦕꦏꦿ (cakra)
→ Balinese: ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭ (cakra)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀫𑁆 (cakkaram)
Tamil: சக்கரம் (cakkaram, “wheel”), சக்கிரம் (cakkiram)

→ Portuguese: chacra

→ Santali: ᱪᱚᱠ (côk) (borrowed from Middle-Indo-Aryan)

→ Sogdian: ܨܮܪ (čaxr /cγr/)

→ Tocharian B: cākkär

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakir)

→ Spanish: chakra

→ Sylheti: ꠌꠇ꠆ꠇꠞ (sokkor)

→ Tagalog: sakla

→ Telugu: చక్రము (cakramu)

→ Thai: จักร (jàk)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćakrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (caxra, “wheel”), Persian چرخ (čarx), Old Church Slavonic коло (kolo), Lithuanian kãklas, Tocharian B kokale, Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Latin colus, Old English hwēol (whence English wheel).


कला

kalā́ (romanization)
कला (nominative singular)
कले (dual nominative)
कलाः (nominative plural)
कले (singular vocative)
कले (dual vocative)
कलाः (plural vocative)
कलाम् (accusative singular)
कले (accusative dual)
कलाः (accusative plural)
कलया (instrumental singular)
कला1 (instrumental singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कलाभिः (instrumental plural)
कलायै (dative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कलाभ्यः (dative plural)
कलायाः (ablative singular)
कलायै2 (ablative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कलायाः (genitive singular)
कलायै2 (genitive singular)
कलयोः (dual genitive)
कलानाम् (genitive plural)
कलायाम् (locative singular)
कलयोः (dual locative)
कलासु (locative plural)

Central:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कल (kal)

Urdu: کَل (kal)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: کَل (kal)

Devanagari script: कल (kal)

Northwestern:

Lahnda: کَل

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਲ਼ (kaḷ)

Shahmukhi script: کَلؕ (kaḷ)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪَل

Devanagari script: कल

Southern:

Dhivehi: ކާލި (kāli)

Marathi: कळ् (kaḷ)

Sinhalese: කල (kala)

Eastern:

Bengali: কল (kol)

Odia: କଳ (kaḷa)

Western:

Gujarati: કળ (kaḷ)

→ Newar:

Devanagari script: कल (kala)

Newa script: 𑐎𑐮 (kala)

Uncertain. The meaning "art" possibly borrowed from Dravidian *kal-ay "art, skill" related to *kal meaning "to learn". Compare கலை (kalai).


गण

gaṇ (romanization)
गण (direct singular)
गण (direct plural)
गण (oblique singular)
गणों (oblique plural)
गण (singular vocative)
गणो (plural vocative)

(prosody) a group of mantras comprising a foot


गुरु

sa-adj

गुरु • (gurú) stem (comparative गरीयस् or गुरुतर, superlative गरिष्ठ or गुरुतम)

gurú (romanization)
गरीयस् (comparative)
गुरुतर (comparative)
गरिष्ठ (superlative)
गुरुतम (superlative)
गुरुः (nominative singular)
गुरू (dual nominative)
गुरवस् (nominative plural)
गुरो (singular vocative)
गुरू (dual vocative)
गुरवस् (plural vocative)
गुरुम् (accusative singular)
गुरू (accusative dual)
गुरून् (accusative plural)
गुरुणा (instrumental singular)
गुर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुरुभिः (instrumental plural)
गुरवे (dative singular)
गुर्वे1 (dative singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुरुभ्यः (dative plural)
गुरोः (ablative singular)
गुर्वः1 (ablative singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुरोः (genitive singular)
गुर्वः1 (genitive singular)
गुर्वोः (dual genitive)
गुरूणाम् (genitive plural)
गुरौ (locative singular)
गुर्वोः (dual locative)
गुरुषु (locative plural)
गुर्वी (nominative singular)
गुर्व्यौ (dual nominative)
गुर्वी1 (dual nominative)
गुर्व्यः (nominative plural)
गुर्वीः1 (nominative plural)
गुर्वि (singular vocative)
गुर्व्यौ (dual vocative)
गुर्वी1 (dual vocative)
गुर्व्यः (plural vocative)
गुर्वीः1 (plural vocative)
गुर्वीम् (accusative singular)
गुर्व्यौ (accusative dual)
गुर्वी1 (accusative dual)
गुर्वीः (accusative plural)
गुर्व्या (instrumental singular)
गुर्वीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुर्वीभिः (instrumental plural)
गुर्व्यै (dative singular)
गुर्वीभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुर्वीभ्यः (dative plural)
गुर्व्याः (ablative singular)
गुर्व्यै2 (ablative singular)
गुर्वीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुर्वीभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुर्व्याः (genitive singular)
गुर्व्यै2 (genitive singular)
गुर्व्योः (dual genitive)
गुर्वीणाम् (genitive plural)
गुर्व्याम् (locative singular)
गुर्व्योः (dual locative)
गुर्वीषु (locative plural)
गुरु (nominative singular)
गुरुणी (dual nominative)
गुरूणि (nominative plural)
गुरु1 (nominative plural)
गुरू1 (nominative plural)
गुरु (singular vocative)
गुरो (singular vocative)
गुरुणी (dual vocative)
गुरूणि (plural vocative)
गुरु1 (plural vocative)
गुरू1 (plural vocative)
गुरु (accusative singular)
गुरुणी (accusative dual)
गुरूणि (accusative plural)
गुरु1 (accusative plural)
गुरू1 (accusative plural)
गुरुणा (instrumental singular)
गुर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुरुभिः (instrumental plural)
गुरुणे (dative singular)
गुरवे1 (dative singular)
गुर्वे1 (dative singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुरुभ्यः (dative plural)
गुरुणः (ablative singular)
गुरोः1 (ablative singular)
गुर्वः1 (ablative singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुरुणः (genitive singular)
गुरोः1 (genitive singular)
गुर्वः1 (genitive singular)
गुरुणोः (dual genitive)
गुरूणाम् (genitive plural)
गुरुणि (locative singular)
गुरौ1 (locative singular)
गुरुणोः (dual locative)
गुरुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃 (kaurus, “burdensome”), Latin gravis, Persian گران (gerân).

(prosody) long by nature or position (a vowel)


aspirar

pt-verb

aspirar (first-person singular present aspiro, first-person singular preterite aspirei, past participle aspirado)

aspiro (first-person present singular)
aspirei (first-person preterite singular)
aspirado (participle past)
aspirar (impersonal infinitive)
aspirar (first-person infinitive singular)
aspirares (infinitive second-person singular)
aspirar (infinitive singular third-person)
aspirarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
aspirardes (infinitive plural second-person)
aspirarem (infinitive plural third-person)
aspirando (gerund)
aspirado (masculine participle past singular)
aspirados (masculine participle past plural)
aspirada (feminine participle past singular)
aspiradas (feminine participle past plural)
aspiro (first-person indicative present singular)
aspiras (indicative present second-person singular)
aspira (indicative present singular third-person)
aspiramos (first-person indicative plural present)
aspirais (indicative plural present second-person)
aspiram (indicative plural present third-person)
aspirava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
aspiravas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
aspirava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
aspirávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
aspiráveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
aspiravam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
aspirei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
aspiraste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
aspirou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
aspiramos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
aspirámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
aspirastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
aspiraram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
aspirara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
aspiraras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
aspirara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
aspiráramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
aspiráreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
aspiraram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
aspirarei (first-person future indicative singular)
aspirarás (future indicative second-person singular)
aspirará (future indicative singular third-person)
aspiraremos (first-person future indicative plural)
aspirareis (future indicative plural second-person)
aspirarão (future indicative plural third-person)
aspiraria (conditional first-person singular)
aspirarias (conditional second-person singular)
aspiraria (conditional singular third-person)
aspiraríamos (conditional first-person plural)
aspiraríeis (conditional plural second-person)
aspirariam (conditional plural third-person)
aspire (first-person present singular subjunctive)
aspires (present second-person singular subjunctive)
aspire (present singular subjunctive third-person)
aspiremos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
aspireis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
aspirem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
aspirasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
aspirasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aspirasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
aspirássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
aspirásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
aspirassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aspirar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
aspirares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
aspirar (future singular subjunctive third-person)
aspirarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
aspirardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
aspirarem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
aspira (imperative second-person singular)
aspire (imperative singular third-person)
aspiremos (first-person imperative plural)
aspirai (imperative plural second-person)
aspirem (imperative plural third-person)
não aspires (imperative negative second-person singular)
não aspire (imperative negative singular third-person)
não aspiremos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não aspireis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não aspirem (imperative negative plural third-person)

(phonetics, transitive) to aspirate (to produce a puff of breath with a consonant)


asimilar

gl-verb

asimilar (first-person singular present asimilo, first-person singular preterite asimilei, past participle asimilado)

asimilo (first-person present singular)
asimilei (first-person preterite singular)
asimilado (participle past)
asimilar (impersonal infinitive)
asimilar (first-person infinitive singular)
asimilares (infinitive second-person singular)
asimilar (infinitive personal singular)
asimilarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
asimilardes (infinitive plural second-person)
asimilaren (infinitive personal plural)
asimilando (gerund)
asimilado (masculine participle past singular)
asimilado (first-person masculine participle past singular)
asimilado (masculine participle past second-person singular)
asimilados (masculine participle past plural)
asimilados (first-person masculine participle past plural second-person)
asimilada (feminine participle past singular)
asimilada (feminine first-person participle past singular)
asimilada (feminine participle past second-person singular)
asimiladas (feminine participle past plural)
asimiladas (feminine first-person participle past plural second-person)
asimilo (first-person indicative present singular)
asimilas (indicative present second-person singular)
asimila (indicative present singular)
asimilamos (first-person indicative plural present)
asimilades (indicative plural present second-person)
asimilan (indicative plural present)
asimilaba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
asimilabas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
asimilaba (imperfect indicative singular)
asimilabamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
asimilabades (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
asimilaban (imperfect indicative plural)
asimilei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
asimilaches (indicative preterite second-person singular)
asimilou (indicative preterite singular)
asimilamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
asimilastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
asimilaron (indicative plural preterite)
asimilara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
asimilaras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
asimilara (indicative pluperfect singular)
asimilaramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
asimilarades (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
asimilaran (indicative pluperfect plural)
asimilarei (first-person future indicative singular)
asimilarás (future indicative second-person singular)
asimilará (future indicative singular)
asimilaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
asimilaredes (future indicative plural second-person)
asimilarán (future indicative plural)
asimilaría (conditional first-person singular)
asimilarías (conditional second-person singular)
asimilaría (conditional singular)
asimilariamos (conditional first-person plural)
asimilariades (conditional plural second-person)
asimilarían (conditional plural)
asimile (first-person present singular subjunctive)
asimiles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
asimile (present singular subjunctive)
asimilemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
asimiledes (plural present second-person subjunctive)
asimilen (plural present subjunctive)
asimilase (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
asimilases (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
asimilase (imperfect singular subjunctive)
asimilásemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
asimilásedes (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
asimilasen (imperfect plural subjunctive)
asimilar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
asimilares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
asimilar (future singular subjunctive)
asimilarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
asimilardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
asimilaren (future plural subjunctive)
asimila (imperative second-person singular)
asimile (imperative singular)
asimilemos (first-person imperative plural)
asimilade (imperative plural second-person)
asimilen (imperative plural)
non asimiles (imperative negative second-person singular)
non asimile (imperative negative singular)
non asimilemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
non asimiledes (imperative negative plural second-person)
non asimilen (imperative negative plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin assimilāre. Doublet of asemellar.

(transitive, phonetics) to assimilate (change the articulation of to resemble or match a different one that is in contact with it or at a short distance)


cesura

(prosody) caesura (using two words to divide a metrical foot)


vocalization

en-noun

vocalization (countable and uncountable, plural vocalizations)

vowelization

supplying vowels/diacritics to Arabic and Hebrew words/texts

(orthography, phonology) The addition of these diacritics and the respective phonemes to a word; the spoken form the word thereby receives.

(phonology) The change in pronunciation of historically or variably consonant (typically sonorant) sounds as vowels. For example, the syllabic /l/ in words like people or the coda one in words like cold or coal are variably realized as a high back vowel or glide—[ʊ], [u], [ɤ] or [o]—in many dialects of English in the US, UK, and the Southern Hemisphere. For example, in African American Vernacular English, one common pronunciation of the words "people", "cold", and "coal" is [pʰipʊ], [kʰoɤd], or [kʰoɤ] respectively.

magánhangzósítás

phonology: the change in pronunciation of historically or variably consonant (typically sonorant) sounds as vowels


asper

From Middle English aspre, from Old French aspre (modern French âpre), from Latin asper (“rough”).

(phonetics, obsolete) Rough breathing; a mark (#) indicating that part of a word is aspirated, or pronounced with h before it.


nasalize

en-verb

nasalize (third-person singular simple present nasalizes, present participle nasalizing, simple past and past participle nasalized)

nasalizes (present singular third-person)
nasalizing (participle present)
nasalized (participle past)
nasalized (past)

(phonetics) To lower the soft palate so that air flows through the nose during the articulation of a speech sound.

nasaliser

allow air to flow through the nose during the articulation of a speech sound


nasalization

en-noun

nasalization (countable and uncountable, plural nasalizations)

(phonetics, uncountable) the articulation of a vowel or continuant consonant in such a way that air flows through the nose at the same time as it flows through the mouth

غُنَّة

articulation such that air flows through the nose and mouth


iambus

Borrowed from Latin iambus (“a certain poetic meter”), from Ancient Greek ἴαμβος (íambos).


liquide

Inherited from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus.

(phonology) liquid (class of consonant sounds)


muto

it-adj

muto (feminine muta, masculine plural muti, feminine plural mute)

muta (feminine)
muti (masculine plural)
mute (feminine plural)

(phonetics, of a consonant) classified as an obstruent (speech sound requiring tight restriction of airflow)


segment

From Latin segmentum (“a piece cut off, a strip, segment of the earth, a strip of tinsel”), from secāre (“to cut”).

der

(phonology) A discrete unit of speech: a consonant or a vowel.


velaran

vèlāran (canonical)
вѐла̄ран (Cyrillic)
velaran (masculine nominative singular)
velarna (feminine nominative singular)
velarno (neuter nominative singular)
velarna (genitive masculine singular)
velarne (feminine genitive singular)
velarna (genitive neuter singular)
velarnu (dative masculine singular)
velarnoj (dative feminine singular)
velarnu (dative neuter singular)
velaran (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
velarnu (accusative feminine singular)
velarno (accusative neuter singular)
velarna (accusative animate masculine singular)
velaran (masculine singular vocative)
velarna (feminine singular vocative)
velarno (neuter singular vocative)
velarnu (locative masculine singular)
velarnoj (feminine locative singular)
velarnu (locative neuter singular)
velarnim (instrumental masculine singular)
velarnom (feminine instrumental singular)
velarnim (instrumental neuter singular)
velarni (masculine nominative plural)
velarne (feminine nominative plural)
velarna (neuter nominative plural)
velarnih (genitive masculine plural)
velarnih (feminine genitive plural)
velarnih (genitive neuter plural)
velarnim (dative masculine plural)
velarnima (dative masculine plural)
velarnim (dative feminine plural)
velarnima (dative feminine plural)
velarnim (dative neuter plural)
velarnima (dative neuter plural)
velarne (accusative masculine plural)
velarne (accusative feminine plural)
velarna (accusative neuter plural)
velarni (masculine plural vocative)
velarne (feminine plural vocative)
velarna (neuter plural vocative)
velarnim (locative masculine plural)
velarnima (locative masculine plural)
velarnim (feminine locative plural)
velarnima (feminine locative plural)
velarnim (locative neuter plural)
velarnima (locative neuter plural)
velarnim (instrumental masculine plural)
velarnima (instrumental masculine plural)
velarnim (feminine instrumental plural)
velarnima (feminine instrumental plural)
velarnim (instrumental neuter plural)
velarnima (instrumental neuter plural)
velarni (masculine nominative singular)
velarna (feminine nominative singular)
velarno (neuter nominative singular)
velarnog (genitive masculine singular)
velarnoga (genitive masculine singular)
velarne (feminine genitive singular)
velarnog (genitive neuter singular)
velarnoga (genitive neuter singular)
velarnomu (dative masculine singular)
velarnome (dative masculine singular)
velarnoj (dative feminine singular)
velarnomu (dative neuter singular)
velarnome (dative neuter singular)
velarni (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
velarnu (accusative feminine singular)
velarno (accusative neuter singular)
velarnog (accusative animate masculine singular)
velarnoga (accusative animate masculine singular)
velarni (masculine singular vocative)
velarna (feminine singular vocative)
velarno (neuter singular vocative)
velarnome (locative masculine singular)
velarnomu (locative masculine singular)
velarnoj (feminine locative singular)
velarnome (locative neuter singular)
velarnomu (locative neuter singular)
velarnim (instrumental masculine singular)
velarnom (feminine instrumental singular)
velarnim (instrumental neuter singular)
velarni (masculine nominative plural)
velarne (feminine nominative plural)
velarna (neuter nominative plural)
velarnih (genitive masculine plural)
velarnih (feminine genitive plural)
velarnih (genitive neuter plural)
velarnim (dative masculine plural)
velarnima (dative masculine plural)
velarnim (dative feminine plural)
velarnima (dative feminine plural)
velarnim (dative neuter plural)
velarnima (dative neuter plural)
velarne (accusative masculine plural)
velarne (accusative feminine plural)
velarna (accusative neuter plural)
velarni (masculine plural vocative)
velarne (feminine plural vocative)
velarna (neuter plural vocative)
velarnim (locative masculine plural)
velarnima (locative masculine plural)
velarnim (feminine locative plural)
velarnima (feminine locative plural)
velarnim (locative neuter plural)
velarnima (locative neuter plural)
velarnim (instrumental masculine plural)
velarnima (instrumental masculine plural)
velarnim (feminine instrumental plural)
velarnima (feminine instrumental plural)
velarnim (instrumental neuter plural)
velarnima (instrumental neuter plural)

indefinite forms

definite forms


velare

From vel(o) (“velum”) + -are (“-ar”, adjectival suffix).


occlusive

(phonetics) A speech sound produced by obstructing airflow in the oral vocal tract, but not necessarily into the nasal cavity.


assonant

en-adj

assonant (comparative more assonant, superlative most assonant)

more assonant (comparative)
most assonant (superlative)

From Latin assonāns, present participle of assonō.

(prosody) Characterized by assonance; having successive similar vowel sounds.


lengthening

/ˈlɛŋ(k)θənɪŋ/

/ˈlɛŋ(k)θənɪŋ/

(phonology) a type of sound change when a sound (especially a vowel) lengthens


ˈ

(phonetics) a mid floating tone (when the macron is used for vowel length) or a high-mid floating tone (when the macron is used for tone).


strophe

Borrowed from Latin stropha, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek στροφή (strophḗ, “a turn, bend, twist”). Compare strap and strop.

der

(prosody) A turn in verse, as from one metrical foot to another, or from one side of a chorus to the other.

(prosody) The section of an ode that the chorus chants as it moves from right to left across the stage.

(prosody) A pair of stanzas of alternating form on which the structure of a given poem is based.


Διεθνές Φωνητικό Αλφάβητο

head

Διεθνές Φωνητικό Αλφάβητο

Διεθνές Φωνητικό Αλφάβητο • (Diethnés Fonitikó Alfávito) n

Diethnés Fonitikó Alfávito (romanization)

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA (ΔΦΑ)

en-Διεθνές_Φωνητικό_Αλφάβητο-el-name-xuh05MCE


sarja

sarja (nominative singular)
sarjat (nominative plural)
sarja (accusative nominative singular)
sarjat (accusative nominative plural)
sarjan (accusative genitive singular)
sarjat (accusative genitive plural)
sarjan (genitive singular)
sarjojen (genitive plural)
sarjain (genitive plural rare)
sarjaa (partitive singular)
sarjoja (partitive plural)
sarjassa (inessive singular)
sarjoissa (inessive plural)
sarjasta (elative singular)
sarjoista (elative plural)
sarjaan (illative singular)
sarjoihin (illative plural)
sarjalla (adessive singular)
sarjoilla (adessive plural)
sarjalta (ablative singular)
sarjoilta (ablative plural)
sarjalle (allative singular)
sarjoille (allative plural)
sarjana (essive singular)
sarjoina (essive plural)
sarjaksi (singular translative)
sarjoiksi (plural translative)
sarjatta (abessive singular)
sarjoitta (abessive plural)
sarjoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
sarjani (nominative singular)
sarjani (nominative plural)
sarjani (accusative nominative singular)
sarjani (accusative nominative plural)
sarjani (accusative genitive singular)
sarjani (accusative genitive plural)
sarjani (genitive singular)
sarjojeni (genitive plural)
sarjaini (genitive plural rare)
sarjaani (partitive singular)
sarjojani (partitive plural)
sarjassani (inessive singular)
sarjoissani (inessive plural)
sarjastani (elative singular)
sarjoistani (elative plural)
sarjaani (illative singular)
sarjoihini (illative plural)
sarjallani (adessive singular)
sarjoillani (adessive plural)
sarjaltani (ablative singular)
sarjoiltani (ablative plural)
sarjalleni (allative singular)
sarjoilleni (allative plural)
sarjanani (essive singular)
sarjoinani (essive plural)
sarjakseni (singular translative)
sarjoikseni (plural translative)
sarjattani (abessive singular)
sarjoittani (abessive plural)
sarjoineni (comitative plural)
sarjasi (nominative singular)
sarjasi (nominative plural)
sarjasi (accusative nominative singular)
sarjasi (accusative nominative plural)
sarjasi (accusative genitive singular)
sarjasi (accusative genitive plural)
sarjasi (genitive singular)
sarjojesi (genitive plural)
sarjaisi (genitive plural rare)
sarjaasi (partitive singular)
sarjojasi (partitive plural)
sarjassasi (inessive singular)
sarjoissasi (inessive plural)
sarjastasi (elative singular)
sarjoistasi (elative plural)
sarjaasi (illative singular)
sarjoihisi (illative plural)
sarjallasi (adessive singular)
sarjoillasi (adessive plural)
sarjaltasi (ablative singular)
sarjoiltasi (ablative plural)
sarjallesi (allative singular)
sarjoillesi (allative plural)
sarjanasi (essive singular)
sarjoinasi (essive plural)
sarjaksesi (singular translative)
sarjoiksesi (plural translative)
sarjattasi (abessive singular)
sarjoittasi (abessive plural)
sarjoinesi (comitative plural)
sarjamme (nominative singular)
sarjamme (nominative plural)
sarjamme (accusative nominative singular)
sarjamme (accusative nominative plural)
sarjamme (accusative genitive singular)
sarjamme (accusative genitive plural)
sarjamme (genitive singular)
sarjojemme (genitive plural)
sarjaimme (genitive plural rare)
sarjaamme (partitive singular)
sarjojamme (partitive plural)
sarjassamme (inessive singular)
sarjoissamme (inessive plural)
sarjastamme (elative singular)
sarjoistamme (elative plural)
sarjaamme (illative singular)
sarjoihimme (illative plural)
sarjallamme (adessive singular)
sarjoillamme (adessive plural)
sarjaltamme (ablative singular)
sarjoiltamme (ablative plural)
sarjallemme (allative singular)
sarjoillemme (allative plural)
sarjanamme (essive singular)
sarjoinamme (essive plural)
sarjaksemme (singular translative)
sarjoiksemme (plural translative)
sarjattamme (abessive singular)
sarjoittamme (abessive plural)
sarjoinemme (comitative plural)
sarjanne (nominative singular)
sarjanne (nominative plural)
sarjanne (accusative nominative singular)
sarjanne (accusative nominative plural)
sarjanne (accusative genitive singular)
sarjanne (accusative genitive plural)
sarjanne (genitive singular)
sarjojenne (genitive plural)
sarjainne (genitive plural rare)
sarjaanne (partitive singular)
sarjojanne (partitive plural)
sarjassanne (inessive singular)
sarjoissanne (inessive plural)
sarjastanne (elative singular)
sarjoistanne (elative plural)
sarjaanne (illative singular)
sarjoihinne (illative plural)
sarjallanne (adessive singular)
sarjoillanne (adessive plural)
sarjaltanne (ablative singular)
sarjoiltanne (ablative plural)
sarjallenne (allative singular)
sarjoillenne (allative plural)
sarjananne (essive singular)
sarjoinanne (essive plural)
sarjaksenne (singular translative)
sarjoiksenne (plural translative)
sarjattanne (abessive singular)
sarjoittanne (abessive plural)
sarjoinenne (comitative plural)
sarjansa (nominative singular)
sarjansa (nominative plural)
sarjansa (accusative nominative singular)
sarjansa (accusative nominative plural)
sarjansa (accusative genitive singular)
sarjansa (accusative genitive plural)
sarjansa (genitive singular)
sarjojensa (genitive plural)
sarjainsa (genitive plural rare)
sarjaansa (partitive singular)
sarjojaan (partitive plural)
sarjojansa (partitive plural)
sarjassaan (inessive singular)
sarjassansa (inessive singular)
sarjoissaan (inessive plural)
sarjoissansa (inessive plural)
sarjastaan (elative singular)
sarjastansa (elative singular)
sarjoistaan (elative plural)
sarjoistansa (elative plural)
sarjaansa (illative singular)
sarjoihinsa (illative plural)
sarjallaan (adessive singular)
sarjallansa (adessive singular)
sarjoillaan (adessive plural)
sarjoillansa (adessive plural)
sarjaltaan (ablative singular)
sarjaltansa (ablative singular)
sarjoiltaan (ablative plural)
sarjoiltansa (ablative plural)
sarjalleen (allative singular)
sarjallensa (allative singular)
sarjoilleen (allative plural)
sarjoillensa (allative plural)
sarjanaan (essive singular)
sarjanansa (essive singular)
sarjoinaan (essive plural)
sarjoinansa (essive plural)
sarjakseen (singular translative)
sarjaksensa (singular translative)
sarjoikseen (plural translative)
sarjoiksensa (plural translative)
sarjattaan (abessive singular)
sarjattansa (abessive singular)
sarjoittaan (abessive plural)
sarjoittansa (abessive plural)
sarjoineen (comitative plural)
sarjoinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *sarja (“lath board, row of laths; row, bunch”), from Proto-Finno-Permic *śarja (“lath, batten, bar”). Adopted as an equivalent to Latin series in the literary language based on the original meanings "row, bunch" and the sense related to chicken eggs listed below which can also be found in the other Finnic languages.


五十音

ja-noun

五(ご)十(じゅう)音(おん) • (gojūon) ^(←ごじふおん (gozifuon)?)

五十音 (canonical)
gojūon (romanization)
gozifuon (romanization)
ごじふおん (hiragana historical)

From 五十 (gojū, “fifty”) + 音 (on, “sound”).

(phonology, orthography, grammar) all Japanese morae that can be spelled with 45 single modern kana and 2 historical kana (ゐ/ヰ and ゑ/ヱ) customarily without diacritical marks (゛ and ゜), excluding っ and ん, arranged in a 5x10 table (五十音図 (gojūonzu, literally “table of the fifty sounds”)), used for phonological and grammatical analysis


ō

(phonetics) A common convention for a long vowel o


glossa

From the Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue”). Doublet of gloss.

This pattern does not hold in the glossas we have examined: [th] occurs where we expect [], as in the “word” kita in our sample text, and [] occurs freely in other American glossas as an independent sound unit,[…]

1968, William J. Samarin, The Linguiticality of Glossolalia, page 64:

I have analysed a total of 24 prophetic glossas in this way, and 10 passages of the more easily intelligible prayer specimens of glossolalia. These glossas emanate from a total of 15 persons.

Although Samarin has examples of glossas from people who are not adherents to Christianity he does feel that occurences^([sic]) of glossolalia apart from Christian influences are rare.

Thus significant differences exist between the glossas of different individuals: indeed, one person may have more than one distinctive glossa. And there are differences between the glossas of people of different linguistic backgrounds which correspond with the differences between their mother tongues, allowing for the influence of other languages which they may know to some extent.

2008, B. Ward Powers, “Excursus 4: Tongues-Speaking Today: A Comment”, in First Corinthians: An Exegetical and Explanatory Commentary; A Consideration of Some Views Ancient and Modern in the Light of a Verse-by-Verse Look at What the Text Actually Says; A Somewhat Traditional Interpretation Plus Contemporary Application, Eugene, Ore.: Wipf and Stock, →ISBN, page 409:

(phonology) Unintelligible ecstatic speech.


phonetic symbol

en-noun

phonetic symbol (plural phonetic symbols)

(phonetics) A written symbol used systematically for denoting a phoneme or any other phonetic quality in utterance.


調音位置

調音位置 (canonical)
chōon ichi (romanization)

From 調音(ちょうおん) (chōon, “articulation”) + 位置(いち) (ichi, “position”).

place of articulation
place of articulation

調音部位

調音部位 ちょうおんぶい


音声記号

音声記号 (canonical)
onseikigō (romanization)

[õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːkʲiɡo̞ː]

From 音(おん)声(せい) (onsei, “speech”) + 記(き)号(ごう) (kigō, “symbol”).

ja-compound

発音記号

発音記号 はつおんきごう


調音部位

調音部位 (canonical)
chōon bui (romanization)

調音位置

調音位置 ちょうおんいち


調音音声学

ja-noun

ちょうおん おんせいがく

調(ちょう)音(おん)音(おん)声(せい)学(がく) • (chōon onseigaku) ^(←てうおんおんせいがく (teuon onseigaku)?)

調音音声学 (canonical)
chōon onseigaku (romanization)
teuon onseigaku (romanization)
てうおんおんせいがく (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːo̞ɰ̃ õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟]


音響音声学

おんきょう おんせいがく

おんきゃう おんせいがく

音(おん)響(きょう)音(おん)声(せい)学(がく) • (onkyō onseigaku) ^(←おんきゃうおんせいがく (onkyau onseigaku)?)

音響音声学 (canonical)
onkyō onseigaku (romanization)
onkyau onseigaku (romanization)
おんきゃうおんせいがく (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ː õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟]


国際音声記号

ja-pos

こくさい おんせい きごう

こくさい おんせい きがう

国(こく)際(さい)音(おん)声(せい)記(き)号(ごう) • (Kokusai Onsei Kigō) ^(←こくさいおんせいきがう (Kokusai Onsei Kigau)?)

国際音声記号 (canonical)
Kokusai Onsei Kigō (romanization)
Kokusai Onsei Kigau (romanization)
こくさいおんせいきがう (hiragana historical)

[ko̞kɯ̟sa̠i õ̞ɰ̃se̞ː kʲiɡo̞ː]

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet


発音記号

ja-noun

発(はつ)音(おん)記(き)号(ごう) • (hatsuonkigō) ^(←はつおんきがう (fatuonkigau)?)

発音記号 (canonical)
hatsuonkigō (romanization)
fatuonkigau (romanization)
はつおんきがう (hiragana historical)

[ha̠t͡sɨõ̞ŋʲkʲiɡo̞ː]

From 発(はつ)音(おん) (hatsuon, “pronunciation”) + 記(き)号(ごう) (kigō, “symbol”).

ja-compound

音声記号

音声記号 おんせいきごう


有声音

Compound of 有声 (yūsei, “voiced”) + 音 (on, “sound”).


無声子音

無声子音 (canonical)
musei shiin (romanization)

有声子音

有声子音 ゆうせいしいん

From 無声(むせい) (musei, “voiceless”) + 子音(しいん) (shiin, “consonant”).


有声子音

有声子音 (canonical)
yūsei shiin (romanization)

From 有声(ゆうせい) (yūsei, “voiced”) + 子音(しいん) (shiin, “consonant”).


有声

Compound of 有 (yū, “to have, possess, own”) + 声 (sei, “voice”).

com

(phonetics) sonant, vocal, phonic; the quality of being voiced

有声子音

有声子音 ゆうせいしいん


両唇音

ja-noun

両(りょう)唇(しん)音(おん) • (ryōshin'on) ^(←りやうしんおん (ryausin'on)?)

両唇音 (canonical)
ryōshin'on (romanization)
ryausin'on (romanization)
りやうしんおん (hiragana historical)

[ɾʲo̞ːɕĩɰ̃õ̞ɴ]

両 (ryō, “both”) + 唇音 (shin'on, “labial”)


母音

→ Chinese: 母音 (mǔyīn)

→ Korean: 모음 (mo'eum)

→ Vietnamese: mẫu âm

母 (“mother”) + 音 (“sound”). From the notion of a mothering vowel mating with a fathering consonant and giving birth to an onsetted mora, according to Meiji-era linguists, as in father /k/ + mother あ (/a/) = child か (/ka/). Compare 字母 (jibo, “letter”, literally “character mother”), 声母 (seibo, “onset”, literally “sound mother”) and 韻母 (inbo, “rhyme”, literally “rime mother”), all of which compare the process of generating words, syllables, etc. from a basic set of segments to motherhood.

Holonym: 子音 (shion)

Coordinate term: 父音 (fuon)

五十音の中、阿行の五音を母音といふ。こは、單純なる音にして、いかに延長して發音するも、（あ……ア）、（い……イ）の如く、その音聲の變ずることなきものなり。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第二章 母音 父音 子音 [Chapter 2: Mother Sounds, Father Sounds and Child Sounds]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, pages 5–6:

Among the fifty sounds, the five sounds of the a-row are called ‘mother sounds’. They are simple sounds, and however long they are pronounced, as in (a……a) or (i……i), their quality does not change.

Gojūon no naka, agyō no goon o boon to iu. Kowa, tanjun naru on ni shite, ika ni enchō shite hatsuon suru mo, (a……a), (i……i) no gotoku, sono onsei no henzuru koto naki mono nari.

五十音を分ちて、母音と、子音との二となす。母音は、單純なる喉音にして、その數五あり、アイウエオ是なり。

1897 March, “〇母音 [〇Mother Sounds]”, in 日本文典 [A Japanese Grammar], 中等學科敎授法硏究會:

Dividing the fifty sounds into two groups, there are mother sounds and child sounds. Mother sounds are simple guttural sounds, and there are five of them, namely a, i, u, e and o.

Gojūon o wakachite, BOON to, SHION to no ni to nasu. Boon wa, tanjun naru kōon ni shite, sono kazu go ari, a i u e o kore nari.

この五音は、最も單一なる淸める音にて、これを母音と稱す。

1897 November, Shioi, Ukō, “第一 母音 [Number 1: Mother Sounds]”, in 中學日本文典 [A Middle-School Japanese Grammar], 六盟館, pages 2–3:

These five sounds are the simplest clear sounds, and they are called ‘mother sounds’.

Kono goon wa, motto mo tan'itsu kiyomeru on ni te, kore o boon to shōsu.

母音は、吾國語音では、唯一なる喉音である。聲門帶で規律ある顫動を受けたる音が、副管部に共鳴せられて、吾人の耳に聞ゆるものを母音と云ふ。母音は、種々の音色を得るために、口腔內に共鳴されるが、決して或る局部に於て、吾等の聽き得られ、感じ得られる樣の摩擦を生ずるが如きことは無い。若し、有つたならば、其は母音では無くて父音である。此の區別法は、極めて重大おる要件である。後のヤ行ワ行が、頗る母音に近い音であるけれども、父音たることを免れないのは是が爲である。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十二章 母 音 [Chapter 12: Vowels]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, pages 53–54:

Vowels are the only guttural sounds among the sounds of our language. What are known as vowels are sounds that undergo systematic vibrations at the vocal folds, resonate in the vocal tract, and wind up being heard by our ears. A vowel resonates in the oral cavity in order to achieve its diverse tonal quality, but there must be no such thing as friction that can be heard or felt by us at certain places of articulation. Otherwise, it will not be a vowel, but a consonant. This distinction is of utmost importance. Later when we discuss the ya-row and wa-row, which sound very similar to vowels, this point must be noticed in order to explain the fact that they still contain consonants.

Boon wa, waga kuni goon de wa, yuiitsu naru kōon de aru. Seimontai de kiritsu aru sendō o uke taru on ga, fukukanbu ni kyōmei serarete, gojin no mimi ni kikoyuru mono o boon to iu. Boon wa, shuju no onshoku o eru tame ni, kōkōnai ni kyōmei sareru ga, kesshite aru kyokubu ni oite, warera no kikierare, kanjierareru yō no masatsu o shōzuru ga gotoki koto wa nai. Moshi, atta nara ba, sore wa boon de wa nakute fuon de aru. Kono kubetsuhō wa, kiwamete jūdai oru yōken de aru. Ato no yagyō wagyō ga, sukoburu boon ni chikai on de aru kere do mo, fuon taru koto o manukarenai no wa kore ga tame de aru.

ア、イ、ウ、エ、オの五文字を、母音と云ふ、

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “母音 [Mother Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 14:

The five letters a, i, u, e and o are called ‘mother sounds’

母(ぼ)音(おん)と云(い)ふものはアイウエオの五字(じ)、半(はん)母(ぼ)音(おん)と云(い)ふものはワヰウヱヲの五字(じ)を云(い)ふのであります。

1912, 淸 榊原, “⑵ 母音と半母音 [⑵ Mother Sounds and Semi-Mother Sounds]”, in 自習速記術 [Self-Taught Stenography], 以文館, pages 11–12:

‘Mother sounds’ are the five letters a, i, u, e and o. ‘Semi-mother sounds’ are the five letters wa, wi, u, we and wo.

Boon to iu mono wa a i u e o no goji, hanboon to iu mono wa wa wi u we wo no goji o iu no de arimasu.

(obsolete, phonology) one of the five morae of the あ行 (agyō, “a-row”), that consists solely of a vowel

Coordinate term: 子音 (shiin)


子音

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ iŋ²⁴/

/t͡siː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ im⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ im³³/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ iŋ²⁴/

/t͡siː³⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ im⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ im³³/


子音

ja-noun

子(し)音(いん) or 子(し)音(おん) • (shiin or shion)

子音 (canonical)
子音 (canonical)
shiin (romanization)
shion (romanization)

→ Chinese: 子音 (zǐyīn)

→ Korean: 자음 (ja'eum)

子 (“child”) + 音 (“sound”). From the notion of a mothering vowel mating with a fathering consonant and giving birth to an onsetted mora, according to Meiji-era linguists, as in father /k/ + mother あ (/a/) = child か (/ka/).

Meronyms: 父音 (fuon), 母音 (boon)

子音とは、五十音の中より、五個の母音を除きたる、他の四十五音をいふ。こは、父母兩音の配合して成れるものなれば、その音聲單純ならず。故に、（か……ア）、（き……イ）の如く、聲を長く延くときは、その韻必ず母音に歸するなり。今、こゝに父音と母音と配合して、子音を生ずる順序を示さむ。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第二章 母音 父音 子音 [Chapter 2: Mother Sounds, Father Sounds and Child Sounds]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 6:

Excluding the five mother sounds from the fifty sounds, the forty-five remaining sounds are called ‘child sounds’. Since they result from combining father and mother sounds, their quality is not simple. Thus, if the voicing is prolonged, as in (ka……a) or (ki……i), the rhymes always turn back into mother sounds. Now, I shall demonstrate the order in which father sounds and mother sounds combine and bear child sounds.

Shion to wa, gojūon no naka yori, goko no boon o nozoki taru, hoka no shijūgoon o iu. Kowa, fubo ryōon no haigō shite nareru mono nare ba, sono onsei tanjun narazu. Yue ni, (ka……a), (ki……i) no gotoku, koe o nagaku hiku toki wa, sono in kanarazu boon ni kisuru nari. Ima, koko ni fuon to boon to haigō shite, shion o shōzuru junjo o shimesamu.

五十音中、母音外の四十五音を、子音といふ。子音は、母音と、他の一種幽微なる音との、配合して生じたるものにして、その音純ならず。故に、之を長く引きて呼べば、皆、母音にかへらむ。卽ち、カ—ア、キ—イの如し。

1897 March, “〇子音 [〇Child Sounds]”, in 日本文典 [A Japanese Grammar], 中等學科敎授法硏究會:

Among the fifty sounds, the forty-five ones other than the mother sounds are called child sounds. Child sounds are born by mother sounds combined with a sort of subtle sound, and their quality is not pure. That is, if you prolong them, they should turn back into mother sounds, as in, for example ka—a or ki—i.

Gojūonchū, boongai no shijūgoon o, SHION to iu. Shion wa, boon to, hoka no isshu yūbi naru on to no, haigō shite shōji taru mono ni shite, sono on jun narazu. Yue ni, kore o nagaku hikite yobe ba, mina, boon ni kaeramu. Sunawachi, ka—a, ki—i no gotoshi.

故に、此の四十五音を、子音と稱し、其のクスツヌフムユル𛄢の如き九音を、父音と稱す。此の父音は、極めて隱微なるものにて、明に聲に發する能はざれど、やゝ、これ等に似たる故に、此の九個の音の文字にて、これを示せるなり。

1897 November, Shioi, Ukō, “第二 子音 [Number 2: Child Sounds]”, in 中學日本文典 [A Middle-School Japanese Grammar], 六盟館, page 3:

Thus, the forty-five sounds are called ‘child sounds’, and the nine sounds such as ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and wu are called ‘father sounds’. The father sounds are highly obscure, and even though they can be clearly uttered, they can only be approximated by these nine phonetic characters that sound close to them.

Yue ni, kono shijūgoon o, shion to shōshi, sono ku su tsu nu fu mu yu ru wu no gotoki kuon o, fuon to shōsu. Kono fuon wa, kiwamete inbi naru mono ni te, saya ni koe ni hassuru nō wa zaredo, yaya, korera ni ni taru ni, kono kuko no on no moji ni te, kore o shimeseru nari.

子音は、父音と母音と相合して、生するなり、左の如し

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “子音 [Child Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 14:

‘Child sounds’ are born by combining father sounds and mother sounds, as shown on the left page

Shion wa, fuon to boon to aiai site, shōzuru nari, hidari no gotoshi

子(し)音(おん)と云(い)ふものはカ行(ぎやう)のキクケコ、サ行(ぎやう)のシスセソのやうなものであります。子(し)音(おん)が父(ふ)音(おん)と母(ぼ)音(おん)との爲(た)めに生(う)まれると云(い)ふ事(こと)は既(すで)に說(と)いて置(お)いた通(とほ)りでありますが、左(さ)の表(へう)に依(よ)つて明(あきら)かになるであらうと思(おも)ひます。但(ただ)し表(へう)は母(ぼ)音(おん)のアだけは省(はぶ)きます。

1912, 淸 榊原, “⑷ 子音 [⑷ Child Sounds]”, in 自習速記術 [Self-Taught Stenography], 以文館, pages 15–16:

‘Child sounds’ are letters such as ki, ku, ke and ko of the ka-row or shi, su, se and so of the sa-row. Child sounds are said to be born by father sounds and mother sounds, which I have already explained, so I assume the demonstration on the left chart should be easily understood. Note that the mother sound a is left out of the chart.

Shion to iu mono fa kagyō no ki ku ke ko, sagyō no shi su se so no yō na mono de arimasu. Shion ga fuon to boon to no tame ni umareru to iu koto wa sude ni toite oita tōri de arimasu ga, sa no hō ni yotte akiraka ni naru de arau to omoimasu. Tadashi hō wa boon no a dake wa habukimasu.

(obsolete, phonology) any of the morae with an onset consonant listed on the 五十音図 (gojūonzu, literally “chart of the fifty sounds”), such as か (ka) or し (shi), but not あ (a) or い (i), and not が (ga), じ (ji) or ぱ (pa)

Coordinate term: 母音 (boin)


Betonung

de-noun

Betonung f (genitive Betonung, plural Betonungen)

Betonung (genitive)
Betonungen (plural)
Betonung (nominative singular)
Betonungen (definite nominative plural)
Betonung (genitive singular)
Betonungen (definite genitive plural)
Betonung (dative singular)
Betonungen (dative definite plural)
Betonung (accusative singular)
Betonungen (accusative definite plural)


चन्द्र

candrá (romanization)
चन्द्रः (nominative singular)
चन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
चन्द्राः (nominative plural)
चन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
चन्द्र (singular vocative)
चन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
चन्द्राः (plural vocative)
चन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)
चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
चन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
चन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
चन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चन्द्राय (dative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चन्द्रे (locative singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: ژۆندُر (ċondur)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހަނދު (haⁿdu)

Sinhalese: හඳ (haⁿda)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চান্দ (sand)

Bengali: চাঁদ (cãd)

Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ (cåndå)

Rohingya: san

Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠘ꠆ꠖ (sando)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: चंद्रु (candru)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀁𑀤 (caṃda)

Gujarati: ચાંદ (cā̃d)

Hindustani:

Hindi: चाँद (cā̃d), चांद (cānd)

Urdu: چاند (cānd)

Nepali: चाँद् (cā̃d)

Punjabi: ਚੰਦ (cand), ਚੰਨ (cann)

Marwari: चांद (cā̃d)

Sindhi: چَنڊُ (candu)

Pali: canda

→ Burmese: စန္ဒာ (canda), စန်း (can:)

→ Khmer: ព្រះច័ន្ទ (prĕəh can)

→ Assamese: চন্দ্ৰ (sondro) (learned)

→ Bengali: চন্দ্র (côndrô) (learned)

desc

→ English: Chandra, Chander, Shandra (learned)

→ Burmese: စန္ဒြာ (candra) (learned)

→ Gujarati: ચંદ્ર (candra) (learned)

→ Thai: จันท์ (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: चन्द्र (candra), चन्दर (candar)

Urdu: چندر (candra)

→ Indonesian: candra (learned)

→ Kannada: ಚಂದ್ರ (candra) (learned)

→ Konkani: चन्द्र (candr) (learned)

→ Lao: ຈັນ (chan) (learned)

desctree

→ Malay: cendera (learned)
Indonesian: cendera

desc

→ Malayalam: ചന്ദ്രന് (candraṉ) (learned)

→ Marathi: चन्द्र (candra) (learned)

→ Nepali: चन्द्र (candra), चन्द्रमा (candramā) (learned)

→ Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର (cåndrå) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਚੰਦ੍ਰ (candr), ਚੰਦਰ (candar) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: candra (learned)
Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (candra)
→ Balinese: ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (candra)

→ Shan: ၸၼ်ႇတႃႇ (tsàn tàa) (learned)

desc

→ Sinhalese: චන්ද්රයා (candrayā) (learned)

→ Lü: ᦶᦈᧃ (ṫsaen) (learned)

→ Tamil: சந்திரன் (cantiraṉ) (learned)

→ Telugu: చంద్రుడు (candruḍu) (learned)

→ Thai: จันทร์ (jan) (learned)

/t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ́/

/ˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)ćandrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand-. Doublet of श्चन्द्र (ścandrá, “shining, radiant”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”), Latin candeō, Old Armenian խանդ (xand). See also the root चन्द् (cand, “to shine, be bright, gladden”).


klik

nl-noun

klik m (plural klikken or kliks, diminutive klikje n)

klikken (plural)
kliks (plural)
klikje (diminutive neuter)


ectasis

en-noun

ectasis (countable and uncountable, plural ectases)

(phonology) The lengthening of a syllable from short to long.

èctasi

the lengthening of a syllable from short to long


takavokaali

takavokaali (nominative singular)
takavokaalit (nominative plural)
takavokaali (accusative nominative singular)
takavokaalit (accusative nominative plural)
takavokaalin (accusative genitive singular)
takavokaalit (accusative genitive plural)
takavokaalin (genitive singular)
takavokaalien (genitive plural)
takavokaaleiden (genitive plural)
takavokaaleitten (genitive plural)
takavokaalia (partitive singular)
takavokaaleita (partitive plural)
takavokaaleja (partitive plural)
takavokaalissa (inessive singular)
takavokaaleissa (inessive plural)
takavokaalista (elative singular)
takavokaaleista (elative plural)
takavokaaliin (illative singular)
takavokaaleihin (illative plural)
takavokaalilla (adessive singular)
takavokaaleilla (adessive plural)
takavokaalilta (ablative singular)
takavokaaleilta (ablative plural)
takavokaalille (allative singular)
takavokaaleille (allative plural)
takavokaalina (essive singular)
takavokaaleina (essive plural)
takavokaaliksi (singular translative)
takavokaaleiksi (plural translative)
takavokaalitta (abessive singular)
takavokaaleitta (abessive plural)
takavokaalein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
takavokaalini (nominative singular)
takavokaalini (nominative plural)
takavokaalini (accusative nominative singular)
takavokaalini (accusative nominative plural)
takavokaalini (accusative genitive singular)
takavokaalini (accusative genitive plural)
takavokaalini (genitive singular)
takavokaalieni (genitive plural)
takavokaaleideni (genitive plural)
takavokaaleitteni (genitive plural)
takavokaaliani (partitive singular)
takavokaaleitani (partitive plural)
takavokaalejani (partitive plural)
takavokaalissani (inessive singular)
takavokaaleissani (inessive plural)
takavokaalistani (elative singular)
takavokaaleistani (elative plural)
takavokaaliini (illative singular)
takavokaaleihini (illative plural)
takavokaalillani (adessive singular)
takavokaaleillani (adessive plural)
takavokaaliltani (ablative singular)
takavokaaleiltani (ablative plural)
takavokaalilleni (allative singular)
takavokaaleilleni (allative plural)
takavokaalinani (essive singular)
takavokaaleinani (essive plural)
takavokaalikseni (singular translative)
takavokaaleikseni (plural translative)
takavokaalittani (abessive singular)
takavokaaleittani (abessive plural)
takavokaaleineni (comitative plural)
takavokaalisi (nominative singular)
takavokaalisi (nominative plural)
takavokaalisi (accusative nominative singular)
takavokaalisi (accusative nominative plural)
takavokaalisi (accusative genitive singular)
takavokaalisi (accusative genitive plural)
takavokaalisi (genitive singular)
takavokaaliesi (genitive plural)
takavokaaleidesi (genitive plural)
takavokaaleittesi (genitive plural)
takavokaaliasi (partitive singular)
takavokaaleitasi (partitive plural)
takavokaalejasi (partitive plural)
takavokaalissasi (inessive singular)
takavokaaleissasi (inessive plural)
takavokaalistasi (elative singular)
takavokaaleistasi (elative plural)
takavokaaliisi (illative singular)
takavokaaleihisi (illative plural)
takavokaalillasi (adessive singular)
takavokaaleillasi (adessive plural)
takavokaaliltasi (ablative singular)
takavokaaleiltasi (ablative plural)
takavokaalillesi (allative singular)
takavokaaleillesi (allative plural)
takavokaalinasi (essive singular)
takavokaaleinasi (essive plural)
takavokaaliksesi (singular translative)
takavokaaleiksesi (plural translative)
takavokaalittasi (abessive singular)
takavokaaleittasi (abessive plural)
takavokaaleinesi (comitative plural)
takavokaalimme (nominative singular)
takavokaalimme (nominative plural)
takavokaalimme (accusative nominative singular)
takavokaalimme (accusative nominative plural)
takavokaalimme (accusative genitive singular)
takavokaalimme (accusative genitive plural)
takavokaalimme (genitive singular)
takavokaaliemme (genitive plural)
takavokaaleidemme (genitive plural)
takavokaaleittemme (genitive plural)
takavokaaliamme (partitive singular)
takavokaaleitamme (partitive plural)
takavokaalejamme (partitive plural)
takavokaalissamme (inessive singular)
takavokaaleissamme (inessive plural)
takavokaalistamme (elative singular)
takavokaaleistamme (elative plural)
takavokaaliimme (illative singular)
takavokaaleihimme (illative plural)
takavokaalillamme (adessive singular)
takavokaaleillamme (adessive plural)
takavokaaliltamme (ablative singular)
takavokaaleiltamme (ablative plural)
takavokaalillemme (allative singular)
takavokaaleillemme (allative plural)
takavokaalinamme (essive singular)
takavokaaleinamme (essive plural)
takavokaaliksemme (singular translative)
takavokaaleiksemme (plural translative)
takavokaalittamme (abessive singular)
takavokaaleittamme (abessive plural)
takavokaaleinemme (comitative plural)
takavokaalinne (nominative singular)
takavokaalinne (nominative plural)
takavokaalinne (accusative nominative singular)
takavokaalinne (accusative nominative plural)
takavokaalinne (accusative genitive singular)
takavokaalinne (accusative genitive plural)
takavokaalinne (genitive singular)
takavokaalienne (genitive plural)
takavokaaleidenne (genitive plural)
takavokaaleittenne (genitive plural)
takavokaalianne (partitive singular)
takavokaaleitanne (partitive plural)
takavokaalejanne (partitive plural)
takavokaalissanne (inessive singular)
takavokaaleissanne (inessive plural)
takavokaalistanne (elative singular)
takavokaaleistanne (elative plural)
takavokaaliinne (illative singular)
takavokaaleihinne (illative plural)
takavokaalillanne (adessive singular)
takavokaaleillanne (adessive plural)
takavokaaliltanne (ablative singular)
takavokaaleiltanne (ablative plural)
takavokaalillenne (allative singular)
takavokaaleillenne (allative plural)
takavokaalinanne (essive singular)
takavokaaleinanne (essive plural)
takavokaaliksenne (singular translative)
takavokaaleiksenne (plural translative)
takavokaalittanne (abessive singular)
takavokaaleittanne (abessive plural)
takavokaaleinenne (comitative plural)
takavokaalinsa (nominative singular)
takavokaalinsa (nominative plural)
takavokaalinsa (accusative nominative singular)
takavokaalinsa (accusative nominative plural)
takavokaalinsa (accusative genitive singular)
takavokaalinsa (accusative genitive plural)
takavokaalinsa (genitive singular)
takavokaaliensa (genitive plural)
takavokaaleidensa (genitive plural)
takavokaaleittensa (genitive plural)
takavokaaliaan (partitive singular)
takavokaaliansa (partitive singular)
takavokaaleitaan (partitive plural)
takavokaalejaan (partitive plural)
takavokaaleitansa (partitive plural)
takavokaalejansa (partitive plural)
takavokaalissaan (inessive singular)
takavokaalissansa (inessive singular)
takavokaaleissaan (inessive plural)
takavokaaleissansa (inessive plural)
takavokaalistaan (elative singular)
takavokaalistansa (elative singular)
takavokaaleistaan (elative plural)
takavokaaleistansa (elative plural)
takavokaaliinsa (illative singular)
takavokaaleihinsa (illative plural)
takavokaalillaan (adessive singular)
takavokaalillansa (adessive singular)
takavokaaleillaan (adessive plural)
takavokaaleillansa (adessive plural)
takavokaaliltaan (ablative singular)
takavokaaliltansa (ablative singular)
takavokaaleiltaan (ablative plural)
takavokaaleiltansa (ablative plural)
takavokaalilleen (allative singular)
takavokaalillensa (allative singular)
takavokaaleilleen (allative plural)
takavokaaleillensa (allative plural)
takavokaalinaan (essive singular)
takavokaalinansa (essive singular)
takavokaaleinaan (essive plural)
takavokaaleinansa (essive plural)
takavokaalikseen (singular translative)
takavokaaliksensa (singular translative)
takavokaaleikseen (plural translative)
takavokaaleiksensa (plural translative)
takavokaalittaan (abessive singular)
takavokaalittansa (abessive singular)
takavokaaleittaan (abessive plural)
takavokaaleittansa (abessive plural)
takavokaaleineen (comitative plural)
takavokaaleinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈt̪ɑ̝kɑ̝ˌʋo̞kɑ̝ːli]

(phonetics) A back vowel; a vowel which is pronounced so that the tongue is drawn back, as in Finnish a, o and u.


formant

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-formant.wav

Borrowed from German Formant, from Latin fōrmāns (“shaping; forming; fashioning”), present participle of fōrmō (“to shape; to form; to fashion”). Doublet of formans.

der

The resonances of the vocal tract are called formants. Trying to hear the separate formants in a vowel is difficult. We are so used to a vowel being a single meaningful entity that it is difficult to consider it as a sound with separable bits. But it is possible to say vowels so that some of their component parts are more obvious.

2012, Peter Ladefoged, Sandra Ferrari Disner, Vowels and Consonants, Kindle edition, New York: Wiley, →ISBN:

(physics, phonetics) A band of frequencies, in a sound spectrum, that have a greater intensity; they determine the quality of a sound; especially the characteristic sounds of the consonants.


formant

(physics, phonetics) formant (band of frequencies, in a sound spectrum, that have a greater intensity; they determine the quality of a sound; especially the characteristic sounds of the consonants)


formant

formant (nominative singular)
formanty (nominative plural)
formantu (genitive singular)
formantów (genitive plural)
formantowi (dative singular)
formantom (dative plural)
formant (accusative singular)
formanty (accusative plural)
formantem (instrumental singular)
formantami (instrumental plural)
formancie (locative singular)
formantach (locative plural)
formancie (singular vocative)
formanty (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Formant, from Latin fōrmāns.

(acoustics, phonetics) formant (band of frequencies)


tetrametro

Borrowed from Late Latin tetrameter, tetrametrus, from Ancient Greek τετρᾰ́μετρος (tetrắmetros). By surface analysis, tetra- + -metro.

τετρᾰ́μετρος


pentasillabo

it-adj

pentasillabo (feminine pentasillaba, masculine plural pentasillabi, feminine plural pentasillabe)

pentasillaba (feminine)
pentasillabi (masculine plural)
pentasillabe (feminine plural)

From penta- + sillabo, ultimately from Ancient Greek.


促音

Coordinate term: 撥音

(Japanese phonology and phonetics) a moraic obstruent (the first half of a Japanese geminate obstruent, such as the first [k] in [kk], usually phonologically noted as /Q/, bearing one mora as the coda of a syllable)


harden

en-verb

harden (third-person singular simple present hardens, present participle hardening, simple past and past participle hardened)

hardens (present singular third-person)
hardening (participle present)
hardened (participle past)
hardened (past)

From Middle English hardenen, equivalent to hard + -en. Cognate with Danish hærdne (“to harden; cure”), Swedish hårdna (“to harden”), Norwegian herdne (“to harden”), Icelandic harðna (“to harden”).

(transitive, intransitive, phonology) To become or make (a consonant) more fortis; to (cause to) undergo fortition.


diftongi

diftongi (nominative singular)
diftongit (nominative plural)
diftongi (accusative nominative singular)
diftongit (accusative nominative plural)
diftongin (accusative genitive singular)
diftongit (accusative genitive plural)
diftongin (genitive singular)
diftongien (genitive plural)
diftongia (partitive singular)
diftongeja (partitive plural)
diftongissa (inessive singular)
diftongeissa (inessive plural)
diftongista (elative singular)
diftongeista (elative plural)
diftongiin (illative singular)
diftongeihin (illative plural)
diftongilla (adessive singular)
diftongeilla (adessive plural)
diftongilta (ablative singular)
diftongeilta (ablative plural)
diftongille (allative singular)
diftongeille (allative plural)
diftongina (essive singular)
diftongeina (essive plural)
diftongiksi (singular translative)
diftongeiksi (plural translative)
diftongitta (abessive singular)
diftongeitta (abessive plural)
diftongein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
diftongini (nominative singular)
diftongini (nominative plural)
diftongini (accusative nominative singular)
diftongini (accusative nominative plural)
diftongini (accusative genitive singular)
diftongini (accusative genitive plural)
diftongini (genitive singular)
diftongieni (genitive plural)
diftongiani (partitive singular)
diftongejani (partitive plural)
diftongissani (inessive singular)
diftongeissani (inessive plural)
diftongistani (elative singular)
diftongeistani (elative plural)
diftongiini (illative singular)
diftongeihini (illative plural)
diftongillani (adessive singular)
diftongeillani (adessive plural)
diftongiltani (ablative singular)
diftongeiltani (ablative plural)
diftongilleni (allative singular)
diftongeilleni (allative plural)
diftonginani (essive singular)
diftongeinani (essive plural)
diftongikseni (singular translative)
diftongeikseni (plural translative)
diftongittani (abessive singular)
diftongeittani (abessive plural)
diftongeineni (comitative plural)
diftongisi (nominative singular)
diftongisi (nominative plural)
diftongisi (accusative nominative singular)
diftongisi (accusative nominative plural)
diftongisi (accusative genitive singular)
diftongisi (accusative genitive plural)
diftongisi (genitive singular)
diftongiesi (genitive plural)
diftongiasi (partitive singular)
diftongejasi (partitive plural)
diftongissasi (inessive singular)
diftongeissasi (inessive plural)
diftongistasi (elative singular)
diftongeistasi (elative plural)
diftongiisi (illative singular)
diftongeihisi (illative plural)
diftongillasi (adessive singular)
diftongeillasi (adessive plural)
diftongiltasi (ablative singular)
diftongeiltasi (ablative plural)
diftongillesi (allative singular)
diftongeillesi (allative plural)
diftonginasi (essive singular)
diftongeinasi (essive plural)
diftongiksesi (singular translative)
diftongeiksesi (plural translative)
diftongittasi (abessive singular)
diftongeittasi (abessive plural)
diftongeinesi (comitative plural)
diftongimme (nominative singular)
diftongimme (nominative plural)
diftongimme (accusative nominative singular)
diftongimme (accusative nominative plural)
diftongimme (accusative genitive singular)
diftongimme (accusative genitive plural)
diftongimme (genitive singular)
diftongiemme (genitive plural)
diftongiamme (partitive singular)
diftongejamme (partitive plural)
diftongissamme (inessive singular)
diftongeissamme (inessive plural)
diftongistamme (elative singular)
diftongeistamme (elative plural)
diftongiimme (illative singular)
diftongeihimme (illative plural)
diftongillamme (adessive singular)
diftongeillamme (adessive plural)
diftongiltamme (ablative singular)
diftongeiltamme (ablative plural)
diftongillemme (allative singular)
diftongeillemme (allative plural)
diftonginamme (essive singular)
diftongeinamme (essive plural)
diftongiksemme (singular translative)
diftongeiksemme (plural translative)
diftongittamme (abessive singular)
diftongeittamme (abessive plural)
diftongeinemme (comitative plural)
diftonginne (nominative singular)
diftonginne (nominative plural)
diftonginne (accusative nominative singular)
diftonginne (accusative nominative plural)
diftonginne (accusative genitive singular)
diftonginne (accusative genitive plural)
diftonginne (genitive singular)
diftongienne (genitive plural)
diftongianne (partitive singular)
diftongejanne (partitive plural)
diftongissanne (inessive singular)
diftongeissanne (inessive plural)
diftongistanne (elative singular)
diftongeistanne (elative plural)
diftongiinne (illative singular)
diftongeihinne (illative plural)
diftongillanne (adessive singular)
diftongeillanne (adessive plural)
diftongiltanne (ablative singular)
diftongeiltanne (ablative plural)
diftongillenne (allative singular)
diftongeillenne (allative plural)
diftonginanne (essive singular)
diftongeinanne (essive plural)
diftongiksenne (singular translative)
diftongeiksenne (plural translative)
diftongittanne (abessive singular)
diftongeittanne (abessive plural)
diftongeinenne (comitative plural)
diftonginsa (nominative singular)
diftonginsa (nominative plural)
diftonginsa (accusative nominative singular)
diftonginsa (accusative nominative plural)
diftonginsa (accusative genitive singular)
diftonginsa (accusative genitive plural)
diftonginsa (genitive singular)
diftongiensa (genitive plural)
diftongiaan (partitive singular)
diftongiansa (partitive singular)
diftongejaan (partitive plural)
diftongejansa (partitive plural)
diftongissaan (inessive singular)
diftongissansa (inessive singular)
diftongeissaan (inessive plural)
diftongeissansa (inessive plural)
diftongistaan (elative singular)
diftongistansa (elative singular)
diftongeistaan (elative plural)
diftongeistansa (elative plural)
diftongiinsa (illative singular)
diftongeihinsa (illative plural)
diftongillaan (adessive singular)
diftongillansa (adessive singular)
diftongeillaan (adessive plural)
diftongeillansa (adessive plural)
diftongiltaan (ablative singular)
diftongiltansa (ablative singular)
diftongeiltaan (ablative plural)
diftongeiltansa (ablative plural)
diftongilleen (allative singular)
diftongillensa (allative singular)
diftongeilleen (allative plural)
diftongeillensa (allative plural)
diftonginaan (essive singular)
diftonginansa (essive singular)
diftongeinaan (essive plural)
diftongeinansa (essive plural)
diftongikseen (singular translative)
diftongiksensa (singular translative)
diftongeikseen (plural translative)
diftongeiksensa (plural translative)
diftongittaan (abessive singular)
diftongittansa (abessive singular)
diftongeittaan (abessive plural)
diftongeittansa (abessive plural)
diftongeineen (comitative plural)
diftongeinensa (comitative plural)

In Finnish texts in this form at least from 1887 (August Ahlqvist, Suomen kielen rakennus - "Of the structure of the Finnish language") < Swedish diftong (1696) < Latin diphthongus < Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos, “two sounds”)


diphone

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-diphone.wav


sonority

en-noun

sonority (countable and uncountable, plural sonorities)

/səˈnɔːɹɪti/

/səˈnɔːɹəti/

From sonor(ous) + -ity, from French sonorité, from Latin sonōritās.

It can be seen that vowels have the highest sonority of all phonemes in English, with low vowels being even more sonorous than high vowels.

2009, Ulrike Gut, Introduction to English Phonetics and Phonology, Bern: Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 81:

(linguistics, phonetics) Relative loudness (of a speech sound); degree of being sonorous.


wine-whine merger

wine-whine merger (plural wine-whine mergers)

/wəinˈʍəin ˌmɛɾdʒəɾ/

As was the case with the wine–whine merger, date from the early twentieth century show that southeastern Pennsylvania was subject to patterns of variation in pronunciation.

2016, Mark L. Louden, Pennsylvania Dutch: The Story of an American Language, page 228:

Chambers (2002) graphs the trajectory of the wine-whine''' merger in four reigions preserving ʍ.

2019, Keiko Bridwell, “Previous Research on the Wine-Whine''' Merger”, in The Distribution of ʍ, page 7:

In Scottish English, the so-called wine-whine''' merger did not take place, in which historical Old and Middle English /hw/ was replaced by /w/[.]

2021, Zeyu Li, “The Distribution of /w/ and /ʍ/”, in Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory:

(phonology) A merger in which [ʍ] (the voiceless sound heard at the beginning of the word whine in a Scottish accent or several accents in the United States) becomes [w] (the sound heard at the beginning of the word wine); in accents where this merger occurs, whine and wine are homophones.


palatalised

en-adj

palatalised (comparative more palatalised, superlative most palatalised)

more palatalised (comparative)
most palatalised (superlative)

(phonetics, phonology, chiefly British) Having undergone palatalisation.


konsonantti

konsonantti (nominative singular)
konsonantit (nominative plural)
konsonantti (accusative nominative singular)
konsonantit (accusative nominative plural)
konsonantin (accusative genitive singular)
konsonantit (accusative genitive plural)
konsonantin (genitive singular)
konsonanttien (genitive plural)
konsonanttia (partitive singular)
konsonantteja (partitive plural)
konsonantissa (inessive singular)
konsonanteissa (inessive plural)
konsonantista (elative singular)
konsonanteista (elative plural)
konsonanttiin (illative singular)
konsonantteihin (illative plural)
konsonantilla (adessive singular)
konsonanteilla (adessive plural)
konsonantilta (ablative singular)
konsonanteilta (ablative plural)
konsonantille (allative singular)
konsonanteille (allative plural)
konsonanttina (essive singular)
konsonantteina (essive plural)
konsonantiksi (singular translative)
konsonanteiksi (plural translative)
konsonantitta (abessive singular)
konsonanteitta (abessive plural)
konsonantein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
konsonanttini (nominative singular)
konsonanttini (nominative plural)
konsonanttini (accusative nominative singular)
konsonanttini (accusative nominative plural)
konsonanttini (accusative genitive singular)
konsonanttini (accusative genitive plural)
konsonanttini (genitive singular)
konsonanttieni (genitive plural)
konsonanttiani (partitive singular)
konsonanttejani (partitive plural)
konsonantissani (inessive singular)
konsonanteissani (inessive plural)
konsonantistani (elative singular)
konsonanteistani (elative plural)
konsonanttiini (illative singular)
konsonantteihini (illative plural)
konsonantillani (adessive singular)
konsonanteillani (adessive plural)
konsonantiltani (ablative singular)
konsonanteiltani (ablative plural)
konsonantilleni (allative singular)
konsonanteilleni (allative plural)
konsonanttinani (essive singular)
konsonantteinani (essive plural)
konsonantikseni (singular translative)
konsonanteikseni (plural translative)
konsonantittani (abessive singular)
konsonanteittani (abessive plural)
konsonantteineni (comitative plural)
konsonanttisi (nominative singular)
konsonanttisi (nominative plural)
konsonanttisi (accusative nominative singular)
konsonanttisi (accusative nominative plural)
konsonanttisi (accusative genitive singular)
konsonanttisi (accusative genitive plural)
konsonanttisi (genitive singular)
konsonanttiesi (genitive plural)
konsonanttiasi (partitive singular)
konsonanttejasi (partitive plural)
konsonantissasi (inessive singular)
konsonanteissasi (inessive plural)
konsonantistasi (elative singular)
konsonanteistasi (elative plural)
konsonanttiisi (illative singular)
konsonantteihisi (illative plural)
konsonantillasi (adessive singular)
konsonanteillasi (adessive plural)
konsonantiltasi (ablative singular)
konsonanteiltasi (ablative plural)
konsonantillesi (allative singular)
konsonanteillesi (allative plural)
konsonanttinasi (essive singular)
konsonantteinasi (essive plural)
konsonantiksesi (singular translative)
konsonanteiksesi (plural translative)
konsonantittasi (abessive singular)
konsonanteittasi (abessive plural)
konsonantteinesi (comitative plural)
konsonanttimme (nominative singular)
konsonanttimme (nominative plural)
konsonanttimme (accusative nominative singular)
konsonanttimme (accusative nominative plural)
konsonanttimme (accusative genitive singular)
konsonanttimme (accusative genitive plural)
konsonanttimme (genitive singular)
konsonanttiemme (genitive plural)
konsonanttiamme (partitive singular)
konsonanttejamme (partitive plural)
konsonantissamme (inessive singular)
konsonanteissamme (inessive plural)
konsonantistamme (elative singular)
konsonanteistamme (elative plural)
konsonanttiimme (illative singular)
konsonantteihimme (illative plural)
konsonantillamme (adessive singular)
konsonanteillamme (adessive plural)
konsonantiltamme (ablative singular)
konsonanteiltamme (ablative plural)
konsonantillemme (allative singular)
konsonanteillemme (allative plural)
konsonanttinamme (essive singular)
konsonantteinamme (essive plural)
konsonantiksemme (singular translative)
konsonanteiksemme (plural translative)
konsonantittamme (abessive singular)
konsonanteittamme (abessive plural)
konsonantteinemme (comitative plural)
konsonanttinne (nominative singular)
konsonanttinne (nominative plural)
konsonanttinne (accusative nominative singular)
konsonanttinne (accusative nominative plural)
konsonanttinne (accusative genitive singular)
konsonanttinne (accusative genitive plural)
konsonanttinne (genitive singular)
konsonanttienne (genitive plural)
konsonanttianne (partitive singular)
konsonanttejanne (partitive plural)
konsonantissanne (inessive singular)
konsonanteissanne (inessive plural)
konsonantistanne (elative singular)
konsonanteistanne (elative plural)
konsonanttiinne (illative singular)
konsonantteihinne (illative plural)
konsonantillanne (adessive singular)
konsonanteillanne (adessive plural)
konsonantiltanne (ablative singular)
konsonanteiltanne (ablative plural)
konsonantillenne (allative singular)
konsonanteillenne (allative plural)
konsonanttinanne (essive singular)
konsonantteinanne (essive plural)
konsonantiksenne (singular translative)
konsonanteiksenne (plural translative)
konsonantittanne (abessive singular)
konsonanteittanne (abessive plural)
konsonantteinenne (comitative plural)
konsonanttinsa (nominative singular)
konsonanttinsa (nominative plural)
konsonanttinsa (accusative nominative singular)
konsonanttinsa (accusative nominative plural)
konsonanttinsa (accusative genitive singular)
konsonanttinsa (accusative genitive plural)
konsonanttinsa (genitive singular)
konsonanttiensa (genitive plural)
konsonanttiaan (partitive singular)
konsonanttiansa (partitive singular)
konsonanttejaan (partitive plural)
konsonanttejansa (partitive plural)
konsonantissaan (inessive singular)
konsonantissansa (inessive singular)
konsonanteissaan (inessive plural)
konsonanteissansa (inessive plural)
konsonantistaan (elative singular)
konsonantistansa (elative singular)
konsonanteistaan (elative plural)
konsonanteistansa (elative plural)
konsonanttiinsa (illative singular)
konsonantteihinsa (illative plural)
konsonantillaan (adessive singular)
konsonantillansa (adessive singular)
konsonanteillaan (adessive plural)
konsonanteillansa (adessive plural)
konsonantiltaan (ablative singular)
konsonantiltansa (ablative singular)
konsonanteiltaan (ablative plural)
konsonanteiltansa (ablative plural)
konsonantilleen (allative singular)
konsonantillensa (allative singular)
konsonanteilleen (allative plural)
konsonanteillensa (allative plural)
konsonanttinaan (essive singular)
konsonanttinansa (essive singular)
konsonantteinaan (essive plural)
konsonantteinansa (essive plural)
konsonantikseen (singular translative)
konsonantiksensa (singular translative)
konsonanteikseen (plural translative)
konsonanteiksensa (plural translative)
konsonantittaan (abessive singular)
konsonantittansa (abessive singular)
konsonanteittaan (abessive plural)
konsonanteittansa (abessive plural)
konsonantteineen (comitative plural)
konsonantteinensa (comitative plural)

Derived from Latin consonans, from consonantem (present participle of consonare), probably via Swedish konsonant.

(phonetics) A consonant (the sound and the letter).


vokaali

vokaali (nominative singular)
vokaalit (nominative plural)
vokaali (accusative nominative singular)
vokaalit (accusative nominative plural)
vokaalin (accusative genitive singular)
vokaalit (accusative genitive plural)
vokaalin (genitive singular)
vokaalien (genitive plural)
vokaaleiden (genitive plural)
vokaaleitten (genitive plural)
vokaalia (partitive singular)
vokaaleita (partitive plural)
vokaaleja (partitive plural)
vokaalissa (inessive singular)
vokaaleissa (inessive plural)
vokaalista (elative singular)
vokaaleista (elative plural)
vokaaliin (illative singular)
vokaaleihin (illative plural)
vokaalilla (adessive singular)
vokaaleilla (adessive plural)
vokaalilta (ablative singular)
vokaaleilta (ablative plural)
vokaalille (allative singular)
vokaaleille (allative plural)
vokaalina (essive singular)
vokaaleina (essive plural)
vokaaliksi (singular translative)
vokaaleiksi (plural translative)
vokaalitta (abessive singular)
vokaaleitta (abessive plural)
vokaalein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
vokaalini (nominative singular)
vokaalini (nominative plural)
vokaalini (accusative nominative singular)
vokaalini (accusative nominative plural)
vokaalini (accusative genitive singular)
vokaalini (accusative genitive plural)
vokaalini (genitive singular)
vokaalieni (genitive plural)
vokaaleideni (genitive plural)
vokaaleitteni (genitive plural)
vokaaliani (partitive singular)
vokaaleitani (partitive plural)
vokaalejani (partitive plural)
vokaalissani (inessive singular)
vokaaleissani (inessive plural)
vokaalistani (elative singular)
vokaaleistani (elative plural)
vokaaliini (illative singular)
vokaaleihini (illative plural)
vokaalillani (adessive singular)
vokaaleillani (adessive plural)
vokaaliltani (ablative singular)
vokaaleiltani (ablative plural)
vokaalilleni (allative singular)
vokaaleilleni (allative plural)
vokaalinani (essive singular)
vokaaleinani (essive plural)
vokaalikseni (singular translative)
vokaaleikseni (plural translative)
vokaalittani (abessive singular)
vokaaleittani (abessive plural)
vokaaleineni (comitative plural)
vokaalisi (nominative singular)
vokaalisi (nominative plural)
vokaalisi (accusative nominative singular)
vokaalisi (accusative nominative plural)
vokaalisi (accusative genitive singular)
vokaalisi (accusative genitive plural)
vokaalisi (genitive singular)
vokaaliesi (genitive plural)
vokaaleidesi (genitive plural)
vokaaleittesi (genitive plural)
vokaaliasi (partitive singular)
vokaaleitasi (partitive plural)
vokaalejasi (partitive plural)
vokaalissasi (inessive singular)
vokaaleissasi (inessive plural)
vokaalistasi (elative singular)
vokaaleistasi (elative plural)
vokaaliisi (illative singular)
vokaaleihisi (illative plural)
vokaalillasi (adessive singular)
vokaaleillasi (adessive plural)
vokaaliltasi (ablative singular)
vokaaleiltasi (ablative plural)
vokaalillesi (allative singular)
vokaaleillesi (allative plural)
vokaalinasi (essive singular)
vokaaleinasi (essive plural)
vokaaliksesi (singular translative)
vokaaleiksesi (plural translative)
vokaalittasi (abessive singular)
vokaaleittasi (abessive plural)
vokaaleinesi (comitative plural)
vokaalimme (nominative singular)
vokaalimme (nominative plural)
vokaalimme (accusative nominative singular)
vokaalimme (accusative nominative plural)
vokaalimme (accusative genitive singular)
vokaalimme (accusative genitive plural)
vokaalimme (genitive singular)
vokaaliemme (genitive plural)
vokaaleidemme (genitive plural)
vokaaleittemme (genitive plural)
vokaaliamme (partitive singular)
vokaaleitamme (partitive plural)
vokaalejamme (partitive plural)
vokaalissamme (inessive singular)
vokaaleissamme (inessive plural)
vokaalistamme (elative singular)
vokaaleistamme (elative plural)
vokaaliimme (illative singular)
vokaaleihimme (illative plural)
vokaalillamme (adessive singular)
vokaaleillamme (adessive plural)
vokaaliltamme (ablative singular)
vokaaleiltamme (ablative plural)
vokaalillemme (allative singular)
vokaaleillemme (allative plural)
vokaalinamme (essive singular)
vokaaleinamme (essive plural)
vokaaliksemme (singular translative)
vokaaleiksemme (plural translative)
vokaalittamme (abessive singular)
vokaaleittamme (abessive plural)
vokaaleinemme (comitative plural)
vokaalinne (nominative singular)
vokaalinne (nominative plural)
vokaalinne (accusative nominative singular)
vokaalinne (accusative nominative plural)
vokaalinne (accusative genitive singular)
vokaalinne (accusative genitive plural)
vokaalinne (genitive singular)
vokaalienne (genitive plural)
vokaaleidenne (genitive plural)
vokaaleittenne (genitive plural)
vokaalianne (partitive singular)
vokaaleitanne (partitive plural)
vokaalejanne (partitive plural)
vokaalissanne (inessive singular)
vokaaleissanne (inessive plural)
vokaalistanne (elative singular)
vokaaleistanne (elative plural)
vokaaliinne (illative singular)
vokaaleihinne (illative plural)
vokaalillanne (adessive singular)
vokaaleillanne (adessive plural)
vokaaliltanne (ablative singular)
vokaaleiltanne (ablative plural)
vokaalillenne (allative singular)
vokaaleillenne (allative plural)
vokaalinanne (essive singular)
vokaaleinanne (essive plural)
vokaaliksenne (singular translative)
vokaaleiksenne (plural translative)
vokaalittanne (abessive singular)
vokaaleittanne (abessive plural)
vokaaleinenne (comitative plural)
vokaalinsa (nominative singular)
vokaalinsa (nominative plural)
vokaalinsa (accusative nominative singular)
vokaalinsa (accusative nominative plural)
vokaalinsa (accusative genitive singular)
vokaalinsa (accusative genitive plural)
vokaalinsa (genitive singular)
vokaaliensa (genitive plural)
vokaaleidensa (genitive plural)
vokaaleittensa (genitive plural)
vokaaliaan (partitive singular)
vokaaliansa (partitive singular)
vokaaleitaan (partitive plural)
vokaalejaan (partitive plural)
vokaaleitansa (partitive plural)
vokaalejansa (partitive plural)
vokaalissaan (inessive singular)
vokaalissansa (inessive singular)
vokaaleissaan (inessive plural)
vokaaleissansa (inessive plural)
vokaalistaan (elative singular)
vokaalistansa (elative singular)
vokaaleistaan (elative plural)
vokaaleistansa (elative plural)
vokaaliinsa (illative singular)
vokaaleihinsa (illative plural)
vokaalillaan (adessive singular)
vokaalillansa (adessive singular)
vokaaleillaan (adessive plural)
vokaaleillansa (adessive plural)
vokaaliltaan (ablative singular)
vokaaliltansa (ablative singular)
vokaaleiltaan (ablative plural)
vokaaleiltansa (ablative plural)
vokaalilleen (allative singular)
vokaalillensa (allative singular)
vokaaleilleen (allative plural)
vokaaleillensa (allative plural)
vokaalinaan (essive singular)
vokaalinansa (essive singular)
vokaaleinaan (essive plural)
vokaaleinansa (essive plural)
vokaalikseen (singular translative)
vokaaliksensa (singular translative)
vokaaleikseen (plural translative)
vokaaleiksensa (plural translative)
vokaalittaan (abessive singular)
vokaalittansa (abessive singular)
vokaaleittaan (abessive plural)
vokaaleittansa (abessive plural)
vokaaleineen (comitative plural)
vokaaleinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈʋo̞kɑ̝ːli]

Derived from Latin vocalis, probably via Swedish vokal.


fronted

fronted (comparative more fronted, superlative most fronted)

more fronted (comparative)
most fronted (superlative)

(phonetics) Pronounced in the front manner.


vosto

eo-head

vosto (accusative singular voston, plural vostoj, accusative plural vostojn)

voston (accusative singular)
vostoj (plural)
vostojn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from Russian хвост (xvost) and Polish chwost.


shibilant

(phonology) A sibilant (fricative or affricate) pronounced further back in the mouth than [s] and [z]: [ʃ], [ʒ], [t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], etc.


korko

korko (nominative singular)
korot (nominative plural)
korko (accusative nominative singular)
korot (accusative nominative plural)
koron (accusative genitive singular)
korot (accusative genitive plural)
koron (genitive singular)
korkojen (genitive plural)
korkoa (partitive singular)
korkoja (partitive plural)
korossa (inessive singular)
koroissa (inessive plural)
korosta (elative singular)
koroista (elative plural)
korkoon (illative singular)
korkoihin (illative plural)
korolla (adessive singular)
koroilla (adessive plural)
korolta (ablative singular)
koroilta (ablative plural)
korolle (allative singular)
koroille (allative plural)
korkona (essive singular)
korkoina (essive plural)
koroksi (singular translative)
koroiksi (plural translative)
korotta (abessive singular)
koroitta (abessive plural)
koroin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
korkoni (nominative singular)
korkoni (nominative plural)
korkoni (accusative nominative singular)
korkoni (accusative nominative plural)
korkoni (accusative genitive singular)
korkoni (accusative genitive plural)
korkoni (genitive singular)
korkojeni (genitive plural)
korkoani (partitive singular)
korkojani (partitive plural)
korossani (inessive singular)
koroissani (inessive plural)
korostani (elative singular)
koroistani (elative plural)
korkooni (illative singular)
korkoihini (illative plural)
korollani (adessive singular)
koroillani (adessive plural)
koroltani (ablative singular)
koroiltani (ablative plural)
korolleni (allative singular)
koroilleni (allative plural)
korkonani (essive singular)
korkoinani (essive plural)
korokseni (singular translative)
koroikseni (plural translative)
korottani (abessive singular)
koroittani (abessive plural)
korkoineni (comitative plural)
korkosi (nominative singular)
korkosi (nominative plural)
korkosi (accusative nominative singular)
korkosi (accusative nominative plural)
korkosi (accusative genitive singular)
korkosi (accusative genitive plural)
korkosi (genitive singular)
korkojesi (genitive plural)
korkoasi (partitive singular)
korkojasi (partitive plural)
korossasi (inessive singular)
koroissasi (inessive plural)
korostasi (elative singular)
koroistasi (elative plural)
korkoosi (illative singular)
korkoihisi (illative plural)
korollasi (adessive singular)
koroillasi (adessive plural)
koroltasi (ablative singular)
koroiltasi (ablative plural)
korollesi (allative singular)
koroillesi (allative plural)
korkonasi (essive singular)
korkoinasi (essive plural)
koroksesi (singular translative)
koroiksesi (plural translative)
korottasi (abessive singular)
koroittasi (abessive plural)
korkoinesi (comitative plural)
korkomme (nominative singular)
korkomme (nominative plural)
korkomme (accusative nominative singular)
korkomme (accusative nominative plural)
korkomme (accusative genitive singular)
korkomme (accusative genitive plural)
korkomme (genitive singular)
korkojemme (genitive plural)
korkoamme (partitive singular)
korkojamme (partitive plural)
korossamme (inessive singular)
koroissamme (inessive plural)
korostamme (elative singular)
koroistamme (elative plural)
korkoomme (illative singular)
korkoihimme (illative plural)
korollamme (adessive singular)
koroillamme (adessive plural)
koroltamme (ablative singular)
koroiltamme (ablative plural)
korollemme (allative singular)
koroillemme (allative plural)
korkonamme (essive singular)
korkoinamme (essive plural)
koroksemme (singular translative)
koroiksemme (plural translative)
korottamme (abessive singular)
koroittamme (abessive plural)
korkoinemme (comitative plural)
korkonne (nominative singular)
korkonne (nominative plural)
korkonne (accusative nominative singular)
korkonne (accusative nominative plural)
korkonne (accusative genitive singular)
korkonne (accusative genitive plural)
korkonne (genitive singular)
korkojenne (genitive plural)
korkoanne (partitive singular)
korkojanne (partitive plural)
korossanne (inessive singular)
koroissanne (inessive plural)
korostanne (elative singular)
koroistanne (elative plural)
korkoonne (illative singular)
korkoihinne (illative plural)
korollanne (adessive singular)
koroillanne (adessive plural)
koroltanne (ablative singular)
koroiltanne (ablative plural)
korollenne (allative singular)
koroillenne (allative plural)
korkonanne (essive singular)
korkoinanne (essive plural)
koroksenne (singular translative)
koroiksenne (plural translative)
korottanne (abessive singular)
koroittanne (abessive plural)
korkoinenne (comitative plural)
korkonsa (nominative singular)
korkonsa (nominative plural)
korkonsa (accusative nominative singular)
korkonsa (accusative nominative plural)
korkonsa (accusative genitive singular)
korkonsa (accusative genitive plural)
korkonsa (genitive singular)
korkojensa (genitive plural)
korkoaan (partitive singular)
korkoansa (partitive singular)
korkojaan (partitive plural)
korkojansa (partitive plural)
korossaan (inessive singular)
korossansa (inessive singular)
koroissaan (inessive plural)
koroissansa (inessive plural)
korostaan (elative singular)
korostansa (elative singular)
koroistaan (elative plural)
koroistansa (elative plural)
korkoonsa (illative singular)
korkoihinsa (illative plural)
korollaan (adessive singular)
korollansa (adessive singular)
koroillaan (adessive plural)
koroillansa (adessive plural)
koroltaan (ablative singular)
koroltansa (ablative singular)
koroiltaan (ablative plural)
koroiltansa (ablative plural)
korolleen (allative singular)
korollensa (allative singular)
koroilleen (allative plural)
koroillensa (allative plural)
korkonaan (essive singular)
korkonansa (essive singular)
korkoinaan (essive plural)
korkoinansa (essive plural)
korokseen (singular translative)
koroksensa (singular translative)
koroikseen (plural translative)
koroiksensa (plural translative)
korottaan (abessive singular)
korottansa (abessive singular)
koroittaan (abessive plural)
koroittansa (abessive plural)
korkoineen (comitative plural)
korkoinensa (comitative plural)

korkea (“high”) + -o. Some dialectal forms (like korkko and korkka (“heel”)) may also indicate a secondary origin from korkki, at least for the sense "heel (of a shoe)", unless those words are themselves simply contaminations of korko and korkki.


pausa

From Latin pausa (“break”), from Ancient Greek παῦσις (paûsis). Doublet of pause.

The rule is that in the pausa a word must never end on a short vowel, but it may do so in the context.

1954, Johannes Hendrik Kramers, Analecta orientalia: posthumous writings and selected minor works:

Besides, the pausa endposition may have served to highlight the informational value of the substituendum.

1998, Pádraig MacCoisdealbha, The Syntax of the Sentence in Old Irish, →ISBN:

In pausa you say 'ih, in the jussive la- ta'ih, analogous to 'ih, la- ta'ih. And since t' is complete as two letters, the tongue utters both of them in the pausa.

2004, Gerhard Endress, Rüdiger Arnzen, Jörn Thielmann, Words, Texts, and Concepts Cruising the Mediterranean Sea, →ISBN:

For instance, the perfect in -miš (> -mi before pausa) always has the high unrounded vowel, the abstract noun suffix appears in a single variant +luġ, the infinitive is -maġ and the instrumental +ine.

2005, Éva Ágnes Csató, Bo Isaksson, Carina Jahani, Linguistic Convergence and Areal Diffusion: Case Studies from Iranian, page 245:

(linguistics, phonology) The hiatus between prosodic units, e.g. at the end of a sentence.


bokal

(phonetics) a sound produced by the vocal cords with relatively little restriction of the oral cavity, forming the prominent sound of a syllable


foghar

head

foghar m (genitive singular foghair, nominative plural foghair)

foghair (genitive singular)
foghair (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
foghar (indefinite singular)
foghair (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a fhoghair (indefinite singular)
a fhoghara (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
foghair (indefinite singular)
foghar (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an foghar (definite singular)
na foghair (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an fhoghair (definite singular)
na bhfoghar (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an bhfoghar (definite singular)
don fhoghar (definite singular)
leis na foghair (definite plural)


foghar

foghar m (genitive singular foghair, plural fogharan)

foghair (genitive singular)
fogharan (plural)
foghar
fhoghar


suprasegmental

(phonetics) An effect on speech, such as length, stress, tone, and phonation type, that extends over more than one segment of sounds.


unaspirated

en-adj

unaspirated (comparative more unaspirated, superlative most unaspirated)

more unaspirated (comparative)
most unaspirated (superlative)

Phonetically, in Malay, initial /t/ and /p/ are never aspirated; only /p, b, t, d, k, g/ occur as final stops and are usually unreleased and unaspirated[.]

2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 10:


strophic

strophic (comparative more strophic, superlative most strophic)

more strophic (comparative)
most strophic (superlative)

through-composed

antonym(s) of “having each stanza set to the same music”


半濁音

半濁音 (canonical)
handakuon (romanization)

[hã̠nda̠kɯ̟õ̞ɴ]

半濁音とは、本音を半濁りて呼ぶものにて、子音の中、波行の五音のみに限れり。この音を示すには、本音の假字の肩に、圈點一個を加ふ。卽ち、左の如し。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第三章 濁音 半濁音及その文字 [Chapter 3: Muddy Sounds, Semi-Muddy Sounds and How to Write Them]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 11:

Semi-muddy sounds are the five base child sounds of, specifically, the ha-row, being partially muddied up when they are pronounced. To note these sounds, a circle is added on the shoulders of the kana for the base sounds, as shown on the left.

Handakuon to wa, hon’on o hannigorite yobu mono nite, shion no naka, hagyō no goon nomi ni kagireri. Kono on o shimesu ni wa, hon’on no kana no kata ni, kenten ikko o kuwau. Sunawachi, hidari no gotoshi.

濁音がある故に、之に對して淸音をも作らねばならず、半濁音（次淸音）と云ふものもあることになる。
ぱ ぴ ぷ ぺ ぽ
の一行五音の半濁音（一名次淸音）として、アカサタナハマヤラワ十行五十音が淸音と云はれて居る。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十九章 淸音濁音半濁音 [Chapter 19: Clear Sounds, Muddy Sounds and Semi-Muddy Sounds]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 152:

Since there are muddy sounds, it follows that there must also be the opposite, ‘clear sounds’, and additionally what are known as ‘semi-muddy sounds’ (‘quasi-clear sounds’). These five sounds, arranged in one row, are known as ‘semi-muddy sounds’ (i.e. ‘quasi-clear sounds’):
pa pi pu pe po
Then, the fifty sounds arranged in ten rows, a, ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya, ra and wa, are called ‘clear sounds’.

Dakuon ga aru yue ni, kore ni taishite seion o mo tsukarane ba narazu, handakuon (jiseion) to iu mono mo aru koto ni naru.
pa pi pu pe po
no ichigyō goon no handakuon (ichimei jiseion) to shite, a ka sa ta na ha ma ya ra wa jūgyō gojūon ga seion to iwarete iru.

半濁音は、假字の右肩に一箇の圈點（゜）を附して、半濁音の符となす、次ぎの例を見る可し、

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “半濁音の符 [Noting Semi-Muddy Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 26:

A ‘semi-muddy sound’ is noted by attaching a circle (゜) to the right shoulder of a kana, as seen in the following examples,

handakuon wa, kana no migikata ni ikko no kenten (゜) o fushite, handakuon no fu to nasu, tsugi no rei o miru beshi,

(traditional Japanese phonology) a mora of the ぱ行 (pagyō, “pa-row”), with the onset obstruent /p/


濁音

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (濁音):
* → Japanese: 濁音(だくおん) (dakuon)
* → Korean: 탁음(濁音) (tageum)
* → Vietnamese: trọc âm (濁音)

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/


濁音

Literary Chinese 濁音 (zhuóyīn, literally “muddy sound”)

der

(traditional Chinese phonology) a voiced onset obstruent

五十音の外に、また、一種の熟音あり。これを濁音、及び、半濁音といふ。濁音とは、本音を濁りて呼ぶものにて、子音の中、加、佐、多、波、の四行の諸音をいふ。この音を示すには別に、その文字なく、本音の假字の肩に、二個の小點を加ふ。卽ち、左の如し。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第三章 濁音 半濁音及その文字 [Chapter 3: Muddy Sounds, Semi-Muddy Sounds and How to Write Them]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 10:

Outside the fifty sounds, there is yet another class of complex sounds. These are called ‘muddy sounds’ and ‘semi-muddy sounds’. Muddy sounds are the base child sounds of the four rows ka, sa, ta and ha, being muddied up when they are pronounced. There are no letters to specifically note these sounds, so two small dots are added on the shoulders of the kana for the base sounds, as shown on the left.

Gojūon no soto ni, mata, isshu no jukuon ari. Kore o dakuon, oyobi, handakuon to iu. Dakuon to wa, hon’on o nigorite yobu mono nite, shion no naka, ka, sa, ta, ha, no shigyō no shoon o iu. Kono on o shimesu ni wa betsu ni, sono moji naku, hon’on no kana no kata ni, niko no shōten o kuwau. Sunawachi, hidari no gotoshi.

舊來の音韻では濁音といふものがあって、
が ぎ ぐ げ ご
ざ じ ず ぜ ぞ
だ ぢ づ で ど
ば び ぶ べ ぼ
の四行二十音を之に充てゝ居る。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十九章 淸音濁音半濁音 [Chapter 19: Clear Sounds, Muddy Sounds and Semi-Muddy Sounds]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 151:

In traditional phonology, ‘muddy sounds’ are the twenty sounds arranged in four rows as follows:
ga gi gu ge go
za ji zu ze zo
da ji zu de do
ba bi bu be bo

Kyūrai no on’in de wa dakuon to iu mono ga atte,
ga gi gu ge go
za ji zu ze zo
da ji zu de do
ba bi bu be bo
no shigyō nijūon o kore ni atete iru.

濁音は假字の右肩に二箇の點（゛）を附して濁音符とおす、次ぎの例を見るべし、

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “濁音の符 [Noting Muddy Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 22:

A ‘muddy sound’ is noted by attaching two dots (゛) to the right shoulder of a kana, as seen in the following examples,

Dakuon wa kana no migikata ni niko no ten (゛) o fushite dakuonpu to osu, tsugi no rei o miru beshi,

(traditional Japanese phonology) a mora with a voiced onset obstruent


labiodentale

From labio- (“labio-”) + dentale (“dental”, “pertaining to the teeth”). By surface analysis, labio- (“pertaining to the lips”) + dent(e) (“tooth”) + -ale (“-al”, adjectival derivational suffix).

surf

La lettera F rappresenta una consonante labiodentale.

The letter F represents a labiodental consonant.

(phonetics) labiodental (articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth)


labiale

Borrowed from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of the lips”), derived from Latin labium (“lip”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *leb- (“to hang loosely”).

bor+

Il termine ‘labiale’ comprende suoni bilabiali, labiodentali, o comunque labializzati.

The term ‘labial’ encompasses bilabial, labiodental, or otherwise labialized sounds.

(phonetics) labial (whose articulation involves the lips)