bilabial

ca-adj

bilabial m or f (masculine and feminine plural bilabials)

(phonetics) bilabial (articulated with both lips)


bilabial

(phonetics) bilabial (a sound articulated with both lips)


bilabial

es-adj

bilabial m or f (masculine and feminine plural bilabiales)


mater lectionis

en-noun

mater lectionis (plural matres lectionis)

Borrowed from New Latin māter lēctiōnis (literally “mother of reading”), calque of Medieval Hebrew אֵם קְרִיאָה (ʾēm qərîʾā).

der

אֵם קְרִיאָה

(phonology) A consonant letter used to represent a vowel sound in Semitic scripts.

أُمّ قِرَاءَة

consonant used to represent a vowel sound


plosive

(phonetics) A speech sound produced by opening a closed vocal tract.


plosive

en-adj

plosive (comparative more plosive or plosiver, superlative most plosive or plosivest)

more plosive (comparative)
plosiver (comparative)
most plosive (superlative)
plosivest (superlative)

(phonetics) Produced from opening a previously closed oral passage.

избушен

produced from opening a previously closed oral passage


mute

From Middle English muet, from Anglo-Norman muet, moet, Middle French muet, from mu (“dumb, mute”) + -et, remodelled after Latin mūtus.

(phonetics, now obsolete) A stopped consonant; a stop.


dentolabial

(phonetics) articulated with the upper lip and lower teeth


linguolabial

(phonetics) articulated with the tongue and the upper lip.


linguolabial

(phonetics) A speech sound that is articulated with the tongue and the upper lip.


ĉ

(phonetics) Transcription in the Spanish tradition for [ʃ].


ĵ

(phonetics, French) The affricate sound of English j.


ŝ

(phonetics, French) The affricate sound [t͡s].

(phonetics) The 'closed' voiceless fricative in Circassian for which ⟨ᵷ⟩ was once proposed for the IPA.


bidental

Finally, a position of almost bidental contact can be a paralinguistic voice qualifier or secondary articulation we should acknowledge as a dentalization, that is, the articulation of vowels and consonants 'through one's teeth', which can make the labial kinesic component of normal articulation be still present and vary from lip rounding or protrusion with close front vowels to horizontal distension with close back vowels.

1993, Fernando Poyatos, Paralanguage: A linguistic and interdisciplinary approach to interactive speech and sounds:

dental percussives, produced by clicking maxillary and mandibular teeth together at different speeds, but typically as a bidental chatter, that is, in a repeated rapid way (as in chattering from cold or fear); with bidental percussives resonating in the oral cavity musical notes can be played up and down the scale in various keys.

2002, Fernando Poyatos, Nonverbal Communication Across Disciplines:

The convention for transcribing bidental fricatives, suggested in the expIPA chart, uses the appropriate glottal fricative symbol with a dental diacritic both above and below the symbol.

2013, Nigel Hewlett, An Introduction to the Science of Phonetics:

(phonetics) articulated with both the upper and lower teeth.


pharyngeal

→ New Latin: pharyngeālis

/fəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pharyngeal.wav

From Late Latin pharyngeus + -al, from pharynx (“the pharynx”) + -eus (adjectival suffix).

af

(phonetics) Articulated with the pharynx; a term usually describing a consonant which is articulated by the rear area of the tongue being raised to below the region between the uvula and the pharyngeal wall. The term cannot apply to a plosive or stop consonant.


pharyngeal

/fəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/

pharyngeal consonant
pharyngeal consonant#English

(phonetics) A sound that is articulated with the pharynx; ellipsis of pharyngeal consonant..


labiodental

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-labiodental.wav

/f/ and /v/ are labiodental consonants.

(phonetics) articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth.

شَفَوِيّ أَسْنَانِيّ (šafawiyy ʔasnāniyy, literally “labial dental”)


labiodental

(phonetics) A speech sound articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth.

շրթնատամնային

a speech sound articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth


반시옷

(phonology) the obsolete Korean consonant ㅿ.


uvular

(phonetics) Of a sound, articulated with the uvula.


uvular

(phonetics) A sound articulated with the uvula.


uvular

uvular (indefinite nominative singular)
uvularen (definite nominative singular)
uvularer (indefinite nominative plural)
uvularerne (definite nominative plural)
uvulars (genitive indefinite singular)
uvularens (definite genitive singular)
uvularers (genitive indefinite plural)
uvularernes (definite genitive plural)


ę

(phonetics) A nasal vowel [e]. The norm in Americanist notation; sometimes used in IPA transcription to leave room over the vowel letter for tone diacritics.


palatal

en-adj

palatal (comparative more palatal, superlative most palatal)

more palatal (comparative)
most palatal (superlative)

(phonetics) Articulated at the hard palate.

غَارِيّ

(phonetics) articulated at the hard palate

(phonetics, uncommon) Articulated at the palate: dorsal.


palatal

(phonetics) palatal (a palatal consonant)


palatal

palatal (positive)
palatalt (positive)
palatale (plural positive)
palatale (positive)


palatal

fr-adj

palatal (feminine palatale, masculine plural palataux, feminine plural palatales)

palatale (feminine)
palataux (masculine plural)
palatales (feminine plural)


palatal

(phonetics) palatal (articulated at the hard palate)


palatal

(phonetics) palatal (consonant articulated at the hard palate)


平板型

平板型 (canonical)
heiban-gata (romanization)

[he̞ːbã̠ŋɡa̠ta̠]

Compound of 平板 (heiban, “flat; monotone”) + 型 (gata, “type”)

compound

(phonetics) monotone type: the most common pitch accent pattern in “standard” Japanese or 標(ひょう)準(じゅん)語(ご) (hyōjungo), as used in the mass media, where no syllable is accented: the first syllable has a low pitch and all subsequent syllables have a higher, gradually lowering pitch


hiatus

Learned borrowing from Latin hiātus (“opening”), from hiō (“stand open”).


平板式

平板式 (canonical)
heiban-shiki (romanization)

[he̞ːbã̠ɰ̃ɕikʲi]

Compound of 平板 (heiban, “flat; monotone”) + 式 (shiki, “style”)

compound

The pitch accent pattern in Japanese where no syllable is accented: the first syllable has low pitch and all subsequent syllables have higher, gradually lowering pitch.


grave

en-adj

grave (comparative graver, superlative gravest)

graver (comparative)
gravest (superlative)

From Middle French grave, a learned borrowing from Latin gravis (“heavy, important”). Compare Old French greve (“terrible, dreadful”). Doublet of grief.

(phonology, dated, of a sound) Dull, produced in the middle or back of the mouth. (See Grave and acute on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)


grave

→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave

Inherited from Middle French grave, borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of grief.

Quatre de ces voyelles sont graves: a, o, u, œu.

1911 April, “Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques”, in Dictionnaire turc-français:

Four of these are vowels are back [vowels], a, o, u, [and] œu


grave

es-adj

grave m or f (masculine and feminine plural graves, superlative gravísimo)

graves (feminine masculine plural)
gravísimo (superlative)

→ Tagalog: grabe

Inherited from Old Spanish grave, from Latin gravis. Cf. also the attested Old Spanish form grieve, from Early Medieval Latin grevis, which was more common in other Romance-speaking areas.

(phonetics) paroxytone; stressed in the penultimate syllable


aphetic

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄφετος (áphetos), equivalent to aphesis + -tic.

lbor

“’Pon” is an aphetic form of “upon”.

(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Of, relating to, or formed by aphesis.


aphesis

en-noun

aphesis (countable and uncountable, plural apheses)

Attested since 1880. Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄφεσις (áphesis, “letting go”), from ἀφίημι (aphíēmi), from ἀπό (apó, “off”) + ἵημι (híēmi, “send forth”).

lbor

The word "scarp" is derived from "escarp" by aphesis.

(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) The loss of the initial unstressed vowel of a word.


破擦音

破擦音 (canonical)
hasatsuon (romanization)

Blend of 破裂音 (“plosive”) + 摩擦音 (“fricative”)


唇音

From 唇(しん) (shin, “lips”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


軟口蓋音

軟口蓋音 (canonical)
nankōgaion (romanization)

[nã̠ŋko̞ːɡa̠iõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 軟(なん)口(こう)蓋(がい) (nankōgai, “soft palate”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


舌音

/t͡sʰiʔ⁴⁻² im³³/

/t͡sʰiʔ⁴⁻² im³³/


舌音

From 舌 (した (ゼツ), tongue) + 音 (おと (オン), sound)

舌端歯茎音

舌端歯茎音 ぜったんしけいおん

舌先歯茎音

舌先歯茎音 ぜっせんしけいおん

舌端裏後部歯茎音

舌端裏後部歯茎音 ぜったんりこうぶしけいおん


破裂音

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/pʰɔː³³ liːt̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛ⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/pʰɔː³³ liːt̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

(phonetics) Alternative name for 塞音 (sèyīn, “plosive”).


破裂音

破裂音 (canonical)
haretsuon (romanization)

[ha̠ɾe̞t͡sɨõ̞ɴ]


鼻音

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鼻音):
* → Japanese: 鼻音(びおん) (bion)
* → Korean: 비음(鼻音) (bieum)

/pʰi⁴¹⁻²² im³³/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻²² im³³/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/


鼻音

(phonology) a mora that contains a nasal sound, such as に (ni), み (mi), ん (n) or the historically nasalized vowel う (u)


摩擦音

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sʰä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³ jɐm⁵⁵/


摩擦音

摩擦音 (canonical)
masatsuon (romanization)

摩擦音は、唇と唇、齒及び口蓋と舌との如く、副管の局部を甚しく狹窄して、息と聲とが、其の狹窄部に摩擦されるに由て生ずる音で、息と聲とが、持ち來られる間はつゞけられる續音である。無聲音では、フの父音サ行ハ行等の父音、有聲音では、ワ行ヤ行ザ行等が之に屬する。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第一節 父音の分類 [Section 1: Types of Consonants]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 78:

Fricatives are sounds generated by air and phonation friction caused by a tight constriction at places of articulation in the vocal tract, such as bilabial, dental and palatal. Such airflow and phonation is continuously sustained. There are voiceless fricatives, such as the consonant /ɸ/, and the consonants of the sa-row, fa-row, etc.; there are also voiced fricatives, such as those of the wa-row, ya-row, za-row, etc.

Masatuon fa, kutibiru to kutibiru, fa oyobi kougai to sita to no gotoku, fukukan no kyokubu wo itasiku kefusaku site, iki to kowe to ga, sono kefusakubu ni masatu sareru ni yotte syauzuru on de, iki to kowe to ga, motikorareru ma fa tudukerareru zokuon de aru. Museion de fa, fu no fuon sagyau fagyau tou no fuon, iuseion de fa, wagyau yagyau zagyau tou ga kore ni zokusuru.


lingual

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin linguālis, from lingua (“the tongue; a language, speech”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to lingua + -al. Doublet of lingualis.

af

(anatomy, dentistry, relational) Related to, near, or on the side toward the tongue.

(phonetics) Articulated with the tongue.


lingual

(phonetics) A sound articulated with the tongue.


lingual

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin linguālis, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech”) + -ālis.

(phonetics) lingual (articulated with the tongue)


visarga

Borrowed from Sanskrit विसर्ग (visarga).

XXV of Centamil published by the Tamil Sangam at Madura that in ancient times āytam was represented by visarga.

1934, P. S. Subrahmanya Sastri, History of Grammatical Theories in Tamil and Their Relation to the Grammatical Literature in Sanskrit:

(phonology, Sanskrit grammar) the voiceless terminal h in Sanskrit


visarga

(Sanskrit phonetics) visarga (voiceless h in Sanskrit)


velar

Borrowed from Latin vēlāris, from vēlum (“sail; veil, awning”).

(phonetics) Articulated at the velum or soft palate.


velar

(phonetics) A sound articulated at the soft palate.


velar

Learned borrowing from Latin vēlāris, corresponding to velo (“velum”) + -ar.

(phonetics) velar (articulated at the soft palate)


velar

(phonetics) velar (a consonant articulated at the soft palate)


velar

sv-adj

velar (comparative velarare, superlative velarast)
sv:sv-adj

velar sv:sv-adj (canonical)
velarare (comparative)
velarast (superlative)


tmesis

en-noun

tmesis (countable and uncountable, plural tmeses)

From Late Latin tmēsis, from Ancient Greek τμῆσις (tmêsis, “a cutting”), from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”). First attested in 1586.

der

(prosody) The insertion of one or more words between the components of a compound word.

тмезис

insertion of one or more words between the components of a word


soft

en-adj

soft (comparative softer, superlative softest)

softer (comparative)
softest (superlative)

hard

antonym(s) of “giving way under pressure”

firm

antonym(s) of “lacking strength or resolve”

From Middle English softe, from Old English sōfte, alteration of earlier sēfte (“soft”), from Proto-West Germanic *samft(ī) (“level, even, smooth, soft, gentle”) (compare *sōmiz (“agreeable, fitting”)), from Proto-Indo-European *semptio-, *semtio-, from *sem- (“one, whole”). Cognate with West Frisian sêft (“gentle; soft”), Dutch zacht (“soft”), German Low German sacht (“soft”), German sanft (“soft, yielding”), Old Norse sœmr (“agreeable, fitting”), samr (“same”). More at seem, same.

inh

DH represents the voiced (soft) th of English these clothes.

1954, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings:


velopharyngeal

en-adj

velopharyngeal (comparative more velopharyngeal, superlative most velopharyngeal)

more velopharyngeal (comparative)
most velopharyngeal (superlative)

(phonetics) Articulated at the velopharynx. (Those with cleft palate produce such sounds instead of standard sibilants.)


velopharyngeal

(phonetics) A sound articulated at the velopharynx.


nasal

nasal (comparative more nasal, superlative most nasal)

more nasal (comparative)
most nasal (superlative)

From Middle English, from Medieval Latin nāsālis, from nāsus (“the nose”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of nasalis.

af

nasal vowel

(phonetics) Having a sound imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng.

أَنْفِي

having a quality imparted by means of the nose

nasal utterance

"Are you sure you're OK?" she said with a nasal Australian accent.

2016, A.K. Brown, Jumpstart (Champagne Universe Series: Book 1), page 2:

(phonetics) Characterized by resonance in the nasal passage.


nasal

(phonetics) Ellipsis of nasal consonant.


nasal

fr-adj

nasal (feminine nasale, masculine plural nasaux, feminine plural nasales)

nasale (feminine)
nasaux (masculine plural)
nasales (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin nāsālis, from Latin nāsus (“nose”).


nasal

sv-adj

nasal (comparative nasalare, superlative nasalast)
sv:sv-adj

nasal sv:sv-adj (canonical)
nasalare (comparative)
nasalast (superlative)
nasal (indefinite positive)
nasalare (comparative indefinite)
nasalast (indefinite superlative)
nasalt (indefinite neuter positive singular)
nasalare (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
nasalast (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
nasala (indefinite plural positive)
nasalare (comparative indefinite plural)
nasalast (indefinite plural superlative)
nasale (archaic indefinite masculine plural positive)
nasalare (archaic comparative indefinite masculine plural)
nasalast (archaic indefinite masculine plural superlative)
nasale (definite masculine positive singular)
nasalare (comparative definite masculine singular)
nasalaste (definite masculine singular superlative)
nasala (definite positive)
nasalare (comparative definite)
nasalaste (definite superlative)


stress

en-noun

stress (countable and uncountable, plural stresses)

Hans Selye
Walter Cannon
stress
stress (mechanics)

From a shortening of Middle English destresse, borrowed from Old French destrecier, from Latin distringō (“to stretch out”). This form probably coalesced with Middle English stresse, from Old French estrece (“narrowness”), from Vulgar Latin *strictia, from Latin strictus (“narrow”).
In the sense of "mental strain" or “disruption”, used occasionally in the 1920s and 1930s by psychologists, including Walter Cannon (1934); in “biological threat”, used by endocrinologist Hans Selye, by metaphor with stress in physics (force on an object) in the 1930s, and popularized by same in the 1950s.

Some people put the stress on the first syllable of “controversy”; others put it on the second.

(countable, phonetics, loosely) A suprasegmental feature of a language having additional attention raised to a sound, word or word group by means of of loudness, duration or pitch; phonological prominence.

The shift from pitch to stress appears to happen before the other obliques begin merging in the Proto-Italic, Proto-Germanic, Primitive Irish, and Middle Indo-Aryan. But further investigation into the timeline of sound changes […] shows that, at least in Germanic, the oblique and core noun stems sound quite unpredictably different in all these families by the time of the crucial accent shift from pitch to stress. […] once a language becomes stress-sensitive, there seems to be a strong tendency in early Indo-European languages to shift the stress to the first syllable. This change happens shortly after the change to stress accent in Proto-Germanic, Proto-Italic, and Proto-Celtic, and even Thessalian, with evidence from Dybo's Law and Verner's Law left behind to show that sound changes happened after the changes to stress accent.

2020 September 7, Steve Rapaport, “Parallel syncretism in early Indo-European”, in Bridget Drinka, editor, Historical Linguistics 2017: Selected Papers from the 23rd International Conference on Historical Linguistics, San Antonio, Texas, 31 July – 4 August 2017, →DOI, page 59:

(countable, phonetics, strictly) The suprasegmental feature of a language having additional attention raised to a sound by means of loudness and/or duration; phonological prominence phonetically achieved by means of dynamics as distinct from pitch.


click

Imitative of the "click" sound; first recorded in the 1500s. Compare Saterland Frisian klikke (“to click”), Middle Dutch clicken (Modern Dutch: klikken (“to click”)), Old High German klecchen (Modern German: klecken, klicken (“to click”)), Danish klikke (“to click”), Swedish klicka (“to click”), Norwegian klikke (“to click”), Norwegian klekke (“to hatch”).

onomatopoeic

Imitative

tsk is a click in English.

(phonetics) An ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure.


字母

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

三十六字母

(Chinese phonetics) character representing an initial consonant


cacuminal

en-adj

cacuminal (comparative more cacuminal, superlative most cacuminal)

more cacuminal (comparative)
most cacuminal (superlative)

From cacūmin- (the stem of the Latin cacūmen (“extremity, point, peak”) + -al.

uder

1942, George Leonard Trager, Studies in Linguistics, Volumes 1-7, page 52,
/L/ and /n/, slightly more cacuminal than the alveolar series, are very rare, and occur only in word-final position.

The cacuminal s is produced by raising the tongue-tip to a point behind the alveoli, with a concavity in its upper surface;

1951, William James Entwistle, The Spanish Language: Together with Portuguese, Catalan and Basque, page 218:

1992, Anatoly Liberman, Vowel lengthening before resonant + another consonant and svarabhakti in Germanic, Irmengard Rauch, Gerald F. Carr, Robert L. Kyes (editors), On Germanic Linguistics: Issues and Methods, Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 68, page 190,
It is a trill, because the choice can be only between a cacuminal trill or a cacuminal lateral, but cacuminal l already exists in the system […] .

(phonology, dated) Pronounced using a concave or retroflexed tongue.


cacuminal

(phonology, dated) A sound pronounced using a retroflexed tongue.


lateral

en-adj

lateral (comparative more lateral, superlative most lateral)

more lateral (comparative)
most lateral (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin laterālis (“belonging to the side”), from latus (“the side or flank”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

(phonetics, phonology) (of a consonant, especially the English clear l) Pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage.


lateral

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch lateraal, from French latéral, from Latin laterālis.

(phonetics, phonology) pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage.


lateral

latêral (canonical)
lateral-lateral (plural)

(phonetics, phonology) A sound produced through lateral pronunciation (such as /l/ in lateral).


lateral

(phonetics) lateral (sound in which the airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue)


level

en-adj

level (comparative leveler or leveller, superlative levelest or levellest)

leveler (comparative)
leveller (comparative)
levelest (superlative)
levellest (superlative)

From Middle English level, from Old French livel, liveau m, later nivel, niveau, from Latin libella f (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra f (“a balance, a level”); see libra, librate. Doublet of libella and niveau.
The verb is from Middle English levelen, from the noun.

Intonation or tone is either level, rising, or falling, marked respectively

1891, Henry Sweet, A History of English Sounds from the Earliest Period:

(phonetics) Of even tone; without rising or falling inflection; monotonic.


A cursive variation of ᾱ or ᾱᾱ, the abbreviation of Greek ἀνά (aná) used in recipes and prescriptions with the meaning "of each", and later extended to accounting. (Other explanations have that it is ā, an abbreviation of Latin ad (“to”), or French à (“to”).)

(phonetics) A pulse of laughter. (Thus @@@ is the transcription equivalent of ha! ha! ha! or hee! hee! hee! etc. in conventional orthography.)


medial

medial (comparative more medial, superlative most medial)

more medial (comparative)
most medial (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-medial.wav

Borrowed from Latin mediālis (“middle”), from medius (“that is in the middle or midst”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

среден

Situated in or near the middle; not at either end.

(phonetics, linguistics) (of a speech sound, or a character or sequence thereof) In the middle of a word.

Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language, he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.

1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

(phonetics) (of a consonant) Central: produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue.


sonant

Indo-Germanic sonants and consonants


labial

Borrowing from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of or pertaining to the lips”), from labium (“a lip”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to labium + -al.

af

(linguistics, phonetics) Articulated by the lips, as the consonants b, m and w.


labial

The motions of the Tongue, Lips, Throat, Palate, & c. which go to the making of the ſeveral Alphabetical Letters are worthy inquiry, and pertinent to the preſent Inquiſition of Sounds: But becauſe they are ſubtil and long to deſcribe, we will refer them over, and place them amongſt the Experiments of Speech. The Hebrews have been diligent in it, and have aſſigned which Letters are Labial, which Dental, which Guttural, & c

1670, Francis Bacon, Sylva sylvarum : or, a natural history in ten centuries, Natural History, Century II, pp 197-98

You have but the same four letters to describe the salute which you perform on your grandmother’s forehead, and that which you bestow on the sacred cheek of your mistress; but the same four letters, and not one of them a labial.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 47, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

Those were his first words of the voyage, and they were spoken with unstuttered labials.

1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 578:

(linguistics, phonetics) A consonant articulated by the lips.


labial

ca-adj

labial m or f (masculine and feminine plural labials)

(phonetics) labial (articulated by the lips)


labial

(phonetics) labial (a consonant articulated by the lips)


labial

fr-adj

labial (feminine labiale, masculine plural labiaux, feminine plural labiales)

labiale (feminine)
labiaux (masculine plural)
labiales (feminine plural)


labial

لابيال (Jawi)

From English labial, from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of or pertaining to the lips”), from labium (“a lip”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).


labial

head

labial (Jawi spelling لابيال, also used in the form bunyi labial)

لابيال (Jawi)
bunyi labial (also used-in-the-form)

(linguistics, phonetics) A labial consonant.


labial

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin labiālis.


labial

es-adj

labial m or f (masculine and feminine plural labiales)


biceps

en-noun

biceps (plural biceps or bicepses or bicipites)

biceps (plural)
bicepses (plural)
bicipites (plural)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Latin biceps (“double-headed, two peaked”), from bis (“double”) + caput (“head”). See there for more details.

der

Also it is advisable to distinguish this ( ˘ ˘ ) — ˘ ˘ — rhythm, where the princeps was probably shorter in duration than the biceps (as in the dactylic hexameter), from true (marching) anapaests, in which they were equal.

1987, Martin Litchfield West, Introduction to Greek Metre:

This means that in the metrical sequence[…] recited in ordinary speech rhythm, the princeps occupied a slightly shorter time than the biceps (5:6), and if a long syllable was used to fill the biceps it had to be dragged a little[…]

2000, James I. Porter, Nietzsche and the Philology of the Future, page 347:

(prosody) A point in a metrical pattern that can be filled either with one long syllable (a longum) or two short syllables (two brevia)


dissimilation

en-noun

dissimilation (countable and uncountable, plural dissimilations)

/ˌdɪsɪmɪˈleɪʃən/

From dis- + -similation, after assimilation.

Brimstone is "properly" *brinstone, displaying an ancient careless pronunciation made respectable by being called "dissimilation".

1985, Robert Burchfield, The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 112:

(phonology, phonetics) A phenomenon where one of a pair of similar adjacent consonant or vowel sounds in a word becomes less similar.

disimilim

(phonology) A phenomenon whereby similar consonant or vowel sounds in a word become less similar


flap

From Middle English flap, flappe (“a slap; blow; buffet; fly-flap; something flexible or loose; flap”), related to Saterland Frisian Flappert (“wing, flipper”), Middle Dutch flabbe (“a blow; slap on the face; fly-flap; flap”) (modern Dutch flap (“flap”)), Middle Low German flabbe, vlabbe, flebbe, from the verb (see below). Related also to English flab and flabby.

cog

(phonetics) A consonant sound made by a single muscle contraction, such as the sound /ɾ/ in the standard American English pronunciation of body.


flap

en-verb

flap (third-person singular simple present flaps, present participle flapping, simple past and past participle flapped)

flaps (present singular third-person)
flapping (participle present)
flapped (participle past)
flapped (past)

From Middle English flappen (“to flap, clap, slap, strike”), related to Dutch flappen (“to flap”), German Low German flappen (“to flap”), German flappen (“to flap”), Dutch flabberen (“to flit, flap”). Probably ultimately imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(phonetics, transitive) To pronounce (something) as a flap consonant.

(phonetics, intransitive) To be pronounced with a flap consonant.


leash

From Middle English leesshe, leysche, lesshe, a variant of more original lease, from Middle English lees, leese, leece, lese, from Old French lesse (modern French laisse), from Latin laxa (“thong, a loose cord”), feminine form of laxus (“loose”); compare lax. Doublet of laisse.

(prosody) A kind of metrical construct in Skeltonics.


tetrameter

en-noun

tetrameter (countable and uncountable, plural tetrameters)

(prosody) A poetic metre in which each line has four feet.


release

release (countable and uncountable, plural releases)

From Middle English relesen, relessen, from Old French relaisser (variant of relascher).

отцепване

a device adapted to hold or release a device or mechanism as required

(phonetics, sound synthesis) The act or manner of ending a sound.


short form

"Tux" is a short form of "tuxedo".

"Rob" is a short form of "Robert".

(phonetics) A word with the same meaning as another formed by removing one or more of the syllables of the longer word, and considered a word in its own right rather than an abbreviation.

forme tronquée

word formed by removing syllables from another


epenthesis

epenthesis (countable and uncountable, plural epentheses)

Middle of 16th century: via Late Latin, from Ancient Greek ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis), from ἐπεντίθημι (epentíthēmi, “I insert”), from ἐπί (epí) + ἐντίθημι (entíthēmi, “I put in”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”).

(phonetics, prosody) The insertion of a phoneme, letter, or syllable into a word, usually to satisfy the phonological constraints of a language or poetic context.

epentese

insertion of a phoneme or letter into a word


ejective

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ejective.wav

(phonetics) A nonpulmonic consonant formed by squeezing air trapped between the glottis and an articulator further forward, and releasing it suddenly.


संधि

saṃdhí (romanization)
संधिः (nominative singular)
संधी (dual nominative)
संधयः (nominative plural)
संधे (singular vocative)
संधी (dual vocative)
संधयः (plural vocative)
संधिम् (accusative singular)
संधी (accusative dual)
संधीन् (accusative plural)
संधिना (instrumental singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संधिभिः (instrumental plural)
संधये (dative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
संधिभ्यः (dative plural)
संधेः (ablative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
संधेः (genitive singular)
संध्योः (dual genitive)
संधीनाम् (genitive plural)
संधौ (locative singular)
संध्योः (dual locative)
संधिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine i-stem declension of संधि

→ English: sandhi

→ Marathi: संधी (sandhī)

Pali: sandhi

→ Tamil: சந்தி (canti)

(phonology, grammar) sandhi, euphonic combination


explosive

en-adj

explosive (comparative more explosive, superlative most explosive)

more explosive (comparative)
most explosive (superlative)

From Latin explōs-, stem of the perfect passive participle of explōdō + the suffix -ive.

the explosive consonants


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Latin silex (“pebble, flint”), siliqua (“pod”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

(phonology) The onset and coda of a syllable.


dentale

From Medieval Latin or Late Latin dentālis, derived from Latin dēns (“tooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dénts, *h₃dónts. By surface analysis, dent(e) (“tooth”) + -ale (“-al”, adjectival derivational suffix).

surf

La lettera T rappresenta una consonante dentale.

The letter T represents a dental consonant.

(phonetics) dental (articulated with the tongue on the upper teeth)


intrusion

en-noun

intrusion (countable and uncountable, plural intrusions)

/ɪnˈtɹuːʒən/

From Middle English intrusioun, from Old French intrusion, from Medieval Latin intrūsiō, from intrūdō, from Latin in- + trūdō.

A current challenge in recent work on Spanish sound structure is to understand the conditions that determine vowel intrusion and the consequences vowel intrusion may have on Spanish phonology.

2009, Benjamin Schmeiser, edited by Marine Vigário, Sónia Frota, and M. João Freitas, Phonetics and Phonology: Interactions and Interrelations, →ISBN, page 181:

(phonology) The insertion of a phoneme into the pronunciation of a word despite its absence from the spelling. (e.g. intrusive r)


semivowel

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-semivowel.wav

(phonetics) A sound in speech which has some qualities of a consonant and some qualities of a vowel.


tonic

(phonetics) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.


CV

CV (countable and uncountable, plural CVs)

Abbreviation
* (anime, Japanimation): From Japanese CV (CV), from English character+voice
* (aircraft carrier): Initialism of cruiser (“croiseur”) + French voler (“to fly”).

initialism of

(phonetics) Initialism of cardinal vowel.


voiceless

(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) Spoken without vibration of the vocal cords; unvoiced, surd, breathed. Examples: [t], [s], [f], [m̥], [u̥].

مَهْمُوس

phonetics, of a consonant: spoken without vibration of the vocal cords


laryngeal

/ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/

Derived from New Latin laryngeus + -al, from larynx (“larynx”) + -eus (adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, laryng- + -al or -ial.

af

(phonetics, relational) (of a speech sound) Made by or with constriction of the larynx with only the front part of the vocal cords vibrating, giving a very low frequency and producing what is known as "creaky voice."


laryngeal

/ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/

(phonetics) A sound uttered by using the larynx.


無声

Compound of 無 (mu, “not, non-, without”) + 声 (sei, “voice”).

com

無声音

voiceless sound, voiceless pronunciation


posterior

ca-adj

posterior m or f (masculine and feminine plural posteriors)


posterior

(phonetics) back (produced in the back of the mouth)


nebo

nebọ̑ (canonical neuter)
nebọ̑ (nominative singular)
nẹ̑bi (dual nominative)
nẹ̑ba (nominative plural)
nebȃ (genitive singular)
nẹ̑b (dual genitive)
nẹ̑b (genitive plural)
nẹ̑bu (dative singular)
nẹ̑bi (dative singular)
nẹ̑boma (dative dual)
nẹ̑bama (dative dual)
nẹ̑bom (dative plural)
nẹ̑bam (dative plural)
nebọ̑ (accusative singular)
nẹ̑bi (accusative dual)
nẹ̑ba (accusative plural)
nẹ̑bu (locative singular)
nẹ̑bi (locative singular)
nẹ̑bih (dual locative)
nẹ̑bah (dual locative)
nẹ̑bih (locative plural)
nẹ̑bah (locative plural)
nẹ̑bom (instrumental singular)
nẹ̑boma (dual instrumental)
nẹ̑bama (dual instrumental)
nẹ̑bi (instrumental plural)
nebọ̑ (singular vocative)
nẹ̑bi (dual vocative)
nẹ̑ba (plural vocative)
nebọ̑ (nominative singular)
nebẹ́si (dual nominative)
nebẹ́sa (nominative plural)
nebẹ́sa (genitive singular)
nebẹ̄s (dual genitive)
nebẹ̄s (genitive plural)
nebẹ́su (dative singular)
nebẹ́si (dative singular)
nebẹ́soma (dative dual)
nebẹ́sama (dative dual)
nebẹ́som (dative plural)
nebẹ́sam (dative plural)
nebọ̑ (accusative singular)
nebẹ́si (accusative dual)
nebẹ́sa (accusative plural)
nebẹ́su (locative singular)
nebẹ́si (locative singular)
nebẹ́sih (dual locative)
nebẹ́sih (locative plural)
nebẹ́som (instrumental singular)
nebẹ́soma (dual instrumental)
nebẹ́sama (dual instrumental)
nebẹ́si (instrumental plural)
nebọ̑ (singular vocative)
nebẹ̑si (dual vocative)
nebẹ̑sa (plural vocative)

sl-infl-noun

* obsolete; compare pluralia tantum nebesa

From Proto-Slavic *nebo, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *néba, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.

(anatomy, phonetics) palate (soft and hard)


preantepenultimate

Nominal sense attested since 1746; adjectival sense attested since 1791: pre- + antepenultimate.

Accent the Preantepenultimate.

1830, John Walker, A Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names, New York, N.Y.: J.F. Dove, page 169:

(chiefly phonetics, obsolete, rare) preantepenult


preantepenultimate

First or Preantepenultimate Milk-molar; Second or Ante- penultimate Milk-molar.

1874, Andrew Leith Adams, On the Dentition and Osteology of the Maltese Fossil Elephants, Zoological Society of London, page 10:

In the tautala leaga [colloquial Samoan] the shortening of normal vowels in the antepenultimate and preantepenultimate syllables is very common.

1992, Ulrike Mosel, Even Hovdhaugen, “Phonology and orthography”, in Samoan Reference Grammar, Oslo: The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture; Scandinavian University Press, via National Library of Norway, →ISBN, page 27:

…PWs with preantepenultimate and even fifth-but-last stress occur,…

2010, Editors Martin Maiden, John Charles Smith, Adam Ledgeway, The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages: Volume 1, Structures, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 82:

(chiefly phonetics and biology) Three before the end; fourth to last.


pyöreä

fi-adj

pyöreä (comparative pyöreämpi, superlative pyörein)

pyöreämpi (comparative)
pyörein (superlative)
pyöreä (nominative singular)
pyöreät (nominative plural)
pyöreä (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreät (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreän (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreät (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreän (genitive singular)
pyöreiden (genitive plural)
pyöreitten (genitive plural)
pyöreäin (genitive plural rare)
pyöreää (partitive singular)
pyöreätä (partitive singular)
pyöreitä (partitive plural)
pyöreässä (inessive singular)
pyöreissä (inessive plural)
pyöreästä (elative singular)
pyöreistä (elative plural)
pyöreään (illative singular)
pyöreisiin (illative plural)
pyöreihin (illative plural)
pyöreällä (adessive singular)
pyöreillä (adessive plural)
pyöreältä (ablative singular)
pyöreiltä (ablative plural)
pyöreälle (allative singular)
pyöreille (allative plural)
pyöreänä (essive singular)
pyöreinä (essive plural)
pyöreäksi (singular translative)
pyöreiksi (plural translative)
pyöreättä (abessive singular)
pyöreittä (abessive plural)
pyörein (instructive plural)
pyöreine (comitative plural)
pyöreäni (nominative singular)
pyöreäni (nominative plural)
pyöreäni (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreäni (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreäni (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreäni (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreäni (genitive singular)
pyöreideni (genitive plural)
pyöreitteni (genitive plural)
pyöreäini (genitive plural rare)
pyöreääni (partitive singular)
pyöreätäni (partitive singular)
pyöreitäni (partitive plural)
pyöreässäni (inessive singular)
pyöreissäni (inessive plural)
pyöreästäni (elative singular)
pyöreistäni (elative plural)
pyöreääni (illative singular)
pyöreisiini (illative plural)
pyöreihini (illative plural)
pyöreälläni (adessive singular)
pyöreilläni (adessive plural)
pyöreältäni (ablative singular)
pyöreiltäni (ablative plural)
pyöreälleni (allative singular)
pyöreilleni (allative plural)
pyöreänäni (essive singular)
pyöreinäni (essive plural)
pyöreäkseni (singular translative)
pyöreikseni (plural translative)
pyöreättäni (abessive singular)
pyöreittäni (abessive plural)
pyöreineni (comitative plural)
pyöreäsi (nominative singular)
pyöreäsi (nominative plural)
pyöreäsi (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreäsi (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreäsi (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreäsi (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreäsi (genitive singular)
pyöreidesi (genitive plural)
pyöreittesi (genitive plural)
pyöreäisi (genitive plural rare)
pyöreääsi (partitive singular)
pyöreätäsi (partitive singular)
pyöreitäsi (partitive plural)
pyöreässäsi (inessive singular)
pyöreissäsi (inessive plural)
pyöreästäsi (elative singular)
pyöreistäsi (elative plural)
pyöreääsi (illative singular)
pyöreisiisi (illative plural)
pyöreihisi (illative plural)
pyöreälläsi (adessive singular)
pyöreilläsi (adessive plural)
pyöreältäsi (ablative singular)
pyöreiltäsi (ablative plural)
pyöreällesi (allative singular)
pyöreillesi (allative plural)
pyöreänäsi (essive singular)
pyöreinäsi (essive plural)
pyöreäksesi (singular translative)
pyöreiksesi (plural translative)
pyöreättäsi (abessive singular)
pyöreittäsi (abessive plural)
pyöreinesi (comitative plural)
pyöreämme (nominative singular)
pyöreämme (nominative plural)
pyöreämme (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreämme (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreämme (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreämme (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreämme (genitive singular)
pyöreidemme (genitive plural)
pyöreittemme (genitive plural)
pyöreäimme (genitive plural rare)
pyöreäämme (partitive singular)
pyöreätämme (partitive singular)
pyöreitämme (partitive plural)
pyöreässämme (inessive singular)
pyöreissämme (inessive plural)
pyöreästämme (elative singular)
pyöreistämme (elative plural)
pyöreäämme (illative singular)
pyöreisiimme (illative plural)
pyöreihimme (illative plural)
pyöreällämme (adessive singular)
pyöreillämme (adessive plural)
pyöreältämme (ablative singular)
pyöreiltämme (ablative plural)
pyöreällemme (allative singular)
pyöreillemme (allative plural)
pyöreänämme (essive singular)
pyöreinämme (essive plural)
pyöreäksemme (singular translative)
pyöreiksemme (plural translative)
pyöreättämme (abessive singular)
pyöreittämme (abessive plural)
pyöreinemme (comitative plural)
pyöreänne (nominative singular)
pyöreänne (nominative plural)
pyöreänne (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreänne (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreänne (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreänne (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreänne (genitive singular)
pyöreidenne (genitive plural)
pyöreittenne (genitive plural)
pyöreäinne (genitive plural rare)
pyöreäänne (partitive singular)
pyöreätänne (partitive singular)
pyöreitänne (partitive plural)
pyöreässänne (inessive singular)
pyöreissänne (inessive plural)
pyöreästänne (elative singular)
pyöreistänne (elative plural)
pyöreäänne (illative singular)
pyöreisiinne (illative plural)
pyöreihinne (illative plural)
pyöreällänne (adessive singular)
pyöreillänne (adessive plural)
pyöreältänne (ablative singular)
pyöreiltänne (ablative plural)
pyöreällenne (allative singular)
pyöreillenne (allative plural)
pyöreänänne (essive singular)
pyöreinänne (essive plural)
pyöreäksenne (singular translative)
pyöreiksenne (plural translative)
pyöreättänne (abessive singular)
pyöreittänne (abessive plural)
pyöreinenne (comitative plural)
pyöreänsä (nominative singular)
pyöreänsä (nominative plural)
pyöreänsä (accusative nominative singular)
pyöreänsä (accusative nominative plural)
pyöreänsä (accusative genitive singular)
pyöreänsä (accusative genitive plural)
pyöreänsä (genitive singular)
pyöreidensä (genitive plural)
pyöreittensä (genitive plural)
pyöreäinsä (genitive plural rare)
pyöreätään (partitive singular)
pyöreäänsä (partitive singular)
pyöreätänsä (partitive singular)
pyöreitään (partitive plural)
pyöreitänsä (partitive plural)
pyöreässään (inessive singular)
pyöreässänsä (inessive singular)
pyöreissään (inessive plural)
pyöreissänsä (inessive plural)
pyöreästään (elative singular)
pyöreästänsä (elative singular)
pyöreistään (elative plural)
pyöreistänsä (elative plural)
pyöreäänsä (illative singular)
pyöreisiinsä (illative plural)
pyöreihinsä (illative plural)
pyöreällään (adessive singular)
pyöreällänsä (adessive singular)
pyöreillään (adessive plural)
pyöreillänsä (adessive plural)
pyöreältään (ablative singular)
pyöreältänsä (ablative singular)
pyöreiltään (ablative plural)
pyöreiltänsä (ablative plural)
pyöreälleen (allative singular)
pyöreällensä (allative singular)
pyöreilleen (allative plural)
pyöreillensä (allative plural)
pyöreänään (essive singular)
pyöreänänsä (essive singular)
pyöreinään (essive plural)
pyöreinänsä (essive plural)
pyöreäkseen (singular translative)
pyöreäksensä (singular translative)
pyöreikseen (plural translative)
pyöreiksensä (plural translative)
pyöreättään (abessive singular)
pyöreättänsä (abessive singular)
pyöreittään (abessive plural)
pyöreittänsä (abessive plural)
pyöreineen (comitative plural)
pyöreinensä (comitative plural)

[ˈpyø̞̯re̞æ]

pyörä + -eä. Compare Karelian pyörie (formed equivalently).


iambic

en-adj

iambic (comparative more iambic, superlative most iambic)

more iambic (comparative)
most iambic (superlative)

From Middle French ïambique, from Late Latin iambicus, from Ancient Greek ἰαμβικός (iambikós), from ἴαμβος (íambos) + -ικός (-ikós).

[J]ust before the rhythm becomes iambic, there will be a point reached at which the rhythm can hardly be said to be more iambic than it is trochaic.

1908, Frank Gilbert Bruner, The Hearing of Primitive Peoples, page 17:

(prosody) Consisting of iambs (metrical feet with an unstressed-stressed pattern) or characterized by their predominance. [from 16th c.]

iàmbic

consisting of iambs or characterized by their predominance


iambic

(prosody) An iamb; a line or group of lines of iambs.


akcento

eo-head

akcento (uncountable, accusative akcenton)

From English accent, French accent, etc., ultimately from Latin accentus. Doublet of akĉento.

(phonetics) accent, stress ("higher-pitched or stronger articulation")


alveolar

(phonetics) Formed with the tongue touching or approaching the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth.

لِثَوِيّ

formed with the tongue touching or approaching the ridge behind the upper teeth


alveolar

head

alveolar c (singular definite alveolaren, plural indefinite alveolarer)

alveolaren (definite singular)
alveolarer (indefinite plural)
alveolar (indefinite nominative singular)
alveolaren (definite nominative singular)
alveolarer (indefinite nominative plural)
alveolarerne (definite nominative plural)
alveolars (genitive indefinite singular)
alveolarens (definite genitive singular)
alveolarers (genitive indefinite plural)
alveolarernes (definite genitive plural)


alveolar

de-adj

alveolar (strong nominative masculine singular alveolarer, not comparable)

alveolarer (masculine nominative singular strong)
alveolar (masculine predicative singular)
alveolar (feminine predicative singular)
alveolar (neuter predicative singular)
alveolar (plural predicative)
alveolarer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
alveolare (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
alveolares (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
alveolare (nominative plural strong without-article)
alveolaren (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
alveolarer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
alveolaren (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
alveolarer (genitive plural strong without-article)
alveolarem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
alveolarer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
alveolarem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
alveolaren (dative plural strong without-article)
alveolaren (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
alveolare (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
alveolares (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
alveolare (accusative plural strong without-article)
der alveolare (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die alveolare (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das alveolare (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die alveolaren (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des alveolaren (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der alveolaren (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des alveolaren (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der alveolaren (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem alveolaren (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der alveolaren (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem alveolaren (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den alveolaren (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den alveolaren (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die alveolare (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das alveolare (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die alveolaren (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein alveolarer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine alveolare (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein alveolares (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
alveolaren (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine alveolaren (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines alveolaren (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer alveolaren (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines alveolaren (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
alveolaren (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner alveolaren (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem alveolaren (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer alveolaren (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem alveolaren (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
alveolaren (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen alveolaren (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen alveolaren (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine alveolare (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein alveolares (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
alveolaren (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine alveolaren (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)


alveolar

(phonetics, of a phoneme) alveolar (produced on the jaw ridge)


alveolar

(phonetics) alveolar (a consonant produced on the jaw ridge)


anaptyxis

en-noun

anaptyxis (countable and uncountable, plural anaptyxes)

Learned borrowing from New Latin anaptyxis, from Ancient Greek ἀνάπτυξις (anáptuxis).

lbor

(phonetics) The epenthesis (insertion) of a vowel.


ʆ

(phonetics) The 'closed' voiceless fricative in Circassian, commonly transcribed ⟨ŝ⟩ and for which ⟨ᵷ⟩ was once proposed for the IPA.


soften

en-verb

soften (third-person singular simple present softens, present participle softening, simple past and past participle softened)

softens (present singular third-person)
softening (participle present)
softened (participle past)
softened (past)

From Middle English softenen, softnen, equivalent to soft + -en.

(transitive, intransitive, phonology) To become or make (a consonant) more lenis, to lenite.


initial

From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).

(phonology) onset, part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus in phonetics and phonology.


fonema

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, “sound”).


fonema

lt-noun

fonemà f (plural fonèmos) stress pattern 1

fonemà (canonical feminine stress-pattern-1)
fonèmos (plural)
fonemà (nominative singular)
fonèmos (nominative plural)
fonemõs (genitive singular)
fonemų̃ (genitive plural)
fonèmai (dative singular)
fonemóms (dative plural)
fonèmą (accusative singular)
fonèmas (accusative plural)
fonèma (instrumental singular)
fonemomìs (instrumental plural)
fonemojè (locative singular)
fonemosè (locative plural)
fonèma (singular vocative)
fonèmos (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek φώνημᾰ (phṓnēmă). Compare Latvian fonēma.


fonema

(phonetics) phoneme (indivisible unit of sound)


emphasis

en-noun

emphasis (countable and uncountable, plural emphases)

From Latin emphasis, from Ancient Greek ἔμφασις (émphasis, “significance”), from ἐμφαίνω (emphaínō, “I present, I indicate”), from ἐν- (en-, “in”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “I show”).

der

(phonology) The phonetic or phonological feature that distinguishes emphatic consonants from other consonants.

emfaasi

phonology: the phonetic or phonological feature that distinguishes emphatic consonants from other consonants


pulmonic sounds

(phonetics) sounds in which the air stream originates in the lungs.


flapping

en-noun

flapping (countable and uncountable, plural flappings)

(phonology) A phonological process found in many dialects of English, especially American English and Canadian English, by which intervocalic /t/ and /d/ surface as the alveolar flap [ɾ] before an unstressed syllable, so that words such as "metal" and "medal" are pronounced similarly or identically.


systole

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-systole.wav

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek συστολή (sustolḗ), from συστέλλω (sustéllō, “to contract”), from σύν (sún, “together”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “to send”).

(prosody) A shortening of a naturally long vowel.


aspiration

aspiration (countable and uncountable, plural aspirations)

From aspirate + -ion or borrowed from Latin aspīrātiō.

(phonetics) A burst of air that follows the release of some consonants.


vibrant

From French vibrant, from Latin vibrans, present participle of vibrare (“to vibrate”). See vibrate.

(phonetics) Any of a class of consonants including taps and trills.


paragoge

paragoge (countable and uncountable, plural paragoges)

/pæɹəˈɡəʊd͡ʒi/

From Late Latin paragoge, from Ancient Greek παραγωγή (paragōgḗ, “derivation, addition”).

der

(grammar, prosody) The addition of a sound, syllable or letter to the end of a word, either through natural development or as a grammatical function.

lostkresk

the addition of a sound, syllable or letter to the end of a word


paragoge

From Late Latin paragōgē, from Ancient Greek παραγωγή (paragōgḗ, “derivation, addition”).


paragoge

la-noun

paragōgē f (genitive paragōgēs); first declension

paragōgē (canonical feminine)
paragōgēs (genitive)
paragōgē (nominative singular)
paragōgae (nominative plural)
paragōgēs (genitive singular)
paragōgārum (genitive plural)
paragōgae (dative singular)
paragōgīs (dative plural)
paragōgēn (accusative singular)
paragōgās (accusative plural)
paragōgē (ablative singular)
paragōgīs (ablative plural)
paragōgē (singular vocative)
paragōgae (plural vocative)

[päräˈɡoːɡeː]

[päräˈɡɔːd͡ʒe]

From Ancient Greek παραγωγή (paragōgḗ, “derivation, addition”).


apocope

en-noun

apocope (countable and uncountable, plural apocopes)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin apocopē, from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ), ἀποκόπτω (apokóptō, “cut off”).

lbor

(phonetics, prosody, strictly) The loss or omission of the last vowel in a word, together with any consonants that follow it.


apocope

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ).


resonant

Borrowed from French résonnant or Latin resonāre (“to resound”).

(phonetics) A sonorant vowel or consonant.


syllabic

From Medieval Latin syllabicus, from Ancient Greek συλλαβικός (sullabikós), from συλλαβή (sullabḗ, “syllable”).


pyrrhic

From Latin pyrrhichius, from Ancient Greek πυρρίχιος (purrhíkhios), from πυρρίχη (purrhíkhē, “war dance”).

(prosody) Of or characterized by pyrrhics (metrical feet with two short syllables).


pyrrhic

(prosody) A metric foot with two short or unaccented syllables.


glide

en-verb

glide (third-person singular simple present glides, present participle gliding, simple past glided or glid or (archaic) glode, past participle glided or glid or glidden or (archaic) glode)

glides (present singular third-person)
gliding (participle present)
glided (past)
glid (past)
glode (archaic past)
glided (participle past)
glid (participle past)
glidden (participle past)
glode (archaic participle past)

From Middle English gliden, from Old English glīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *glīdan, from Proto-Germanic *glīdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleydʰ-.
Cognate with West Frisian glide, glydzje, Low German glieden, Dutch glijden, German gleiten, Norwegian Nynorsk gli, Danish glide, Swedish glida, Finnish liitää.

(phonetics) To pass with a glide, as the voice.


glide

(phonology) A transitional sound, especially a semivowel.


homorganic

/ˌhɑmɔɹˈɡænɪk/

/ˌhɒmɔːˈɡænɪk/

Two identical consonants (redoubled) in second and third position are frequently found (they are called verba mediae geminatae), but two homorganic consonants are not.

2011 March 1, Eulàlia Vernet i Pons, “Semitic Root Incompatibilities and Historical Linguistics”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, number 1, →DOI, page 4

place of articulation
place of articulation

(phonetics) Of consonants: having the same place of articulation. For example, labial m, b, p, alveolar n, d, t, velar ŋ, g, k. Indic alphabets such as Devanagari, as well as the Korean hangul alphabet, are rationally arranged so that homorganic consonants are grouped together.


homorganic

/ˌhɑmɔɹˈɡænɪk/

/ˌhɒmɔːˈɡænɪk/

(phonetics) A consonant having the same place of articulation as another.


cluster

→ Catalan: clúster

→ French: cluster

→ German: Cluster

→ Italian: cluster

→ Japanese: クラスター (kurasutā)

→ Portuguese: cluster

→ Russian: кла́стер (kláster)

→ Spanish: clúster, cluster

→ Swedish: kluster

High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart

The noun is derived from Middle English cluster (“bunch, cluster, spray; compact body or mass, ball”) [and other forms], from Old English cluster, clyster (“cluster, bunch, branch”), from Proto-Germanic *klas-, *klus- (“to clump, lump together”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up; to clench; to amass”)) + *-þrą (suffix forming nouns denoting an instrument or tool). The English word is probably a doublet of clot.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Dutch klister (“cluster”) (dialectal)
* Icelandic klasi (“cluster; bunch of grapes”)
* Low German Kluuster (“cluster”)
* Swedish kluster (“cluster”)

nb...

closter, clostre, clouster, clowster, clustre, clustyr

բույլ

The word scrub begins with a cluster of three consonants.

A bunch or group of several discrete items that are close to each other.

(phonetics) A pronounceable group of consonants that occur together: a consonant cluster.

shluk

group of pronounceable consonants that occur together


sonorous

en-adj

sonorous (comparative more sonorous, superlative most sonorous)

more sonorous (comparative)
most sonorous (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin sonōrus, from sonor (“sound”), early 17th century.

Vowels are more sonorous (acoustically powerful) than consonants, and so we perceive them as louder and lasting longer.

2001, Michael Dobrovolsky, “Phonetics: The Sounds of Language”, in William O'Grady, John Archibald, Mark Aronoff, Janie Rees-Miller, editors, Contemporary Linguistics, →ISBN, page 21:

(linguistics, phonetics) Produced with a relatively open vocal tract and relatively little obstruction of airflow.


pehmeä

fi-adj

pehmeä (comparative pehmeämpi, superlative pehmein)

pehmeämpi (comparative)
pehmein (superlative)
pehmeä (nominative singular)
pehmeät (nominative plural)
pehmeä (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeät (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeän (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeät (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeän (genitive singular)
pehmeiden (genitive plural)
pehmeitten (genitive plural)
pehmeäin (genitive plural rare)
pehmeää (partitive singular)
pehmeätä (partitive singular)
pehmeitä (partitive plural)
pehmeässä (inessive singular)
pehmeissä (inessive plural)
pehmeästä (elative singular)
pehmeistä (elative plural)
pehmeään (illative singular)
pehmeisiin (illative plural)
pehmeihin (illative plural)
pehmeällä (adessive singular)
pehmeillä (adessive plural)
pehmeältä (ablative singular)
pehmeiltä (ablative plural)
pehmeälle (allative singular)
pehmeille (allative plural)
pehmeänä (essive singular)
pehmeinä (essive plural)
pehmeäksi (singular translative)
pehmeiksi (plural translative)
pehmeättä (abessive singular)
pehmeittä (abessive plural)
pehmein (instructive plural)
pehmeine (comitative plural)
pehmeäni (nominative singular)
pehmeäni (nominative plural)
pehmeäni (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeäni (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeäni (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeäni (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeäni (genitive singular)
pehmeideni (genitive plural)
pehmeitteni (genitive plural)
pehmeäini (genitive plural rare)
pehmeääni (partitive singular)
pehmeätäni (partitive singular)
pehmeitäni (partitive plural)
pehmeässäni (inessive singular)
pehmeissäni (inessive plural)
pehmeästäni (elative singular)
pehmeistäni (elative plural)
pehmeääni (illative singular)
pehmeisiini (illative plural)
pehmeihini (illative plural)
pehmeälläni (adessive singular)
pehmeilläni (adessive plural)
pehmeältäni (ablative singular)
pehmeiltäni (ablative plural)
pehmeälleni (allative singular)
pehmeilleni (allative plural)
pehmeänäni (essive singular)
pehmeinäni (essive plural)
pehmeäkseni (singular translative)
pehmeikseni (plural translative)
pehmeättäni (abessive singular)
pehmeittäni (abessive plural)
pehmeineni (comitative plural)
pehmeäsi (nominative singular)
pehmeäsi (nominative plural)
pehmeäsi (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeäsi (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeäsi (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeäsi (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeäsi (genitive singular)
pehmeidesi (genitive plural)
pehmeittesi (genitive plural)
pehmeäisi (genitive plural rare)
pehmeääsi (partitive singular)
pehmeätäsi (partitive singular)
pehmeitäsi (partitive plural)
pehmeässäsi (inessive singular)
pehmeissäsi (inessive plural)
pehmeästäsi (elative singular)
pehmeistäsi (elative plural)
pehmeääsi (illative singular)
pehmeisiisi (illative plural)
pehmeihisi (illative plural)
pehmeälläsi (adessive singular)
pehmeilläsi (adessive plural)
pehmeältäsi (ablative singular)
pehmeiltäsi (ablative plural)
pehmeällesi (allative singular)
pehmeillesi (allative plural)
pehmeänäsi (essive singular)
pehmeinäsi (essive plural)
pehmeäksesi (singular translative)
pehmeiksesi (plural translative)
pehmeättäsi (abessive singular)
pehmeittäsi (abessive plural)
pehmeinesi (comitative plural)
pehmeämme (nominative singular)
pehmeämme (nominative plural)
pehmeämme (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeämme (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeämme (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeämme (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeämme (genitive singular)
pehmeidemme (genitive plural)
pehmeittemme (genitive plural)
pehmeäimme (genitive plural rare)
pehmeäämme (partitive singular)
pehmeätämme (partitive singular)
pehmeitämme (partitive plural)
pehmeässämme (inessive singular)
pehmeissämme (inessive plural)
pehmeästämme (elative singular)
pehmeistämme (elative plural)
pehmeäämme (illative singular)
pehmeisiimme (illative plural)
pehmeihimme (illative plural)
pehmeällämme (adessive singular)
pehmeillämme (adessive plural)
pehmeältämme (ablative singular)
pehmeiltämme (ablative plural)
pehmeällemme (allative singular)
pehmeillemme (allative plural)
pehmeänämme (essive singular)
pehmeinämme (essive plural)
pehmeäksemme (singular translative)
pehmeiksemme (plural translative)
pehmeättämme (abessive singular)
pehmeittämme (abessive plural)
pehmeinemme (comitative plural)
pehmeänne (nominative singular)
pehmeänne (nominative plural)
pehmeänne (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeänne (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeänne (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeänne (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeänne (genitive singular)
pehmeidenne (genitive plural)
pehmeittenne (genitive plural)
pehmeäinne (genitive plural rare)
pehmeäänne (partitive singular)
pehmeätänne (partitive singular)
pehmeitänne (partitive plural)
pehmeässänne (inessive singular)
pehmeissänne (inessive plural)
pehmeästänne (elative singular)
pehmeistänne (elative plural)
pehmeäänne (illative singular)
pehmeisiinne (illative plural)
pehmeihinne (illative plural)
pehmeällänne (adessive singular)
pehmeillänne (adessive plural)
pehmeältänne (ablative singular)
pehmeiltänne (ablative plural)
pehmeällenne (allative singular)
pehmeillenne (allative plural)
pehmeänänne (essive singular)
pehmeinänne (essive plural)
pehmeäksenne (singular translative)
pehmeiksenne (plural translative)
pehmeättänne (abessive singular)
pehmeittänne (abessive plural)
pehmeinenne (comitative plural)
pehmeänsä (nominative singular)
pehmeänsä (nominative plural)
pehmeänsä (accusative nominative singular)
pehmeänsä (accusative nominative plural)
pehmeänsä (accusative genitive singular)
pehmeänsä (accusative genitive plural)
pehmeänsä (genitive singular)
pehmeidensä (genitive plural)
pehmeittensä (genitive plural)
pehmeäinsä (genitive plural rare)
pehmeätään (partitive singular)
pehmeäänsä (partitive singular)
pehmeätänsä (partitive singular)
pehmeitään (partitive plural)
pehmeitänsä (partitive plural)
pehmeässään (inessive singular)
pehmeässänsä (inessive singular)
pehmeissään (inessive plural)
pehmeissänsä (inessive plural)
pehmeästään (elative singular)
pehmeästänsä (elative singular)
pehmeistään (elative plural)
pehmeistänsä (elative plural)
pehmeäänsä (illative singular)
pehmeisiinsä (illative plural)
pehmeihinsä (illative plural)
pehmeällään (adessive singular)
pehmeällänsä (adessive singular)
pehmeillään (adessive plural)
pehmeillänsä (adessive plural)
pehmeältään (ablative singular)
pehmeältänsä (ablative singular)
pehmeiltään (ablative plural)
pehmeiltänsä (ablative plural)
pehmeälleen (allative singular)
pehmeällensä (allative singular)
pehmeilleen (allative plural)
pehmeillensä (allative plural)
pehmeänään (essive singular)
pehmeänänsä (essive singular)
pehmeinään (essive plural)
pehmeinänsä (essive plural)
pehmeäkseen (singular translative)
pehmeäksensä (singular translative)
pehmeikseen (plural translative)
pehmeiksensä (plural translative)
pehmeättään (abessive singular)
pehmeättänsä (abessive singular)
pehmeittään (abessive plural)
pehmeittänsä (abessive plural)
pehmeineen (comitative plural)
pehmeinensä (comitative plural)


percussive

en-adj

percussive (comparative more percussive, superlative most percussive)

more percussive (comparative)
most percussive (superlative)

Two additional, and much rarer, percussive articulations are represented by symbols in the extIPA chart. Their exclusion from the main IPA chart is an indication that they do not seem to occur as typical forms of adult speech in any part of the world, although they may have some communicative function. The symbol, [ʬ], is used to transcribe a bilabial percussive sound, which might be described in lay terms as lip-smacking.

2013, Nigel Hewlett, Janet Mackenzie Beck, An Introduction to the Science of Phonetics, Routledge, →ISBN:

(phonetics) Produced by striking organs together, for example, smacking the lips or gnashing the teeth.


percussive

Percussives are articulations where two rigid or semirigid articulators are struck against each other to produce a short, sharp sound.

2014, Martin J. Ball, Nicole Muller, Phonetics for Communication Disorders, Psychology Press, →ISBN:


kova

fi-adj

kova (comparative kovempi, superlative kovin)

kovempi (comparative)
kovin (superlative)
kova (nominative singular)
kovat (nominative plural)
kova (accusative nominative singular)
kovat (accusative nominative plural)
kovan (accusative genitive singular)
kovat (accusative genitive plural)
kovan (genitive singular)
kovien (genitive plural)
kovain (genitive plural rare)
kovaa (partitive singular)
kovia (partitive plural)
kovassa (inessive singular)
kovissa (inessive plural)
kovasta (elative singular)
kovista (elative plural)
kovaan (illative singular)
koviin (illative plural)
kovalla (adessive singular)
kovilla (adessive plural)
kovalta (ablative singular)
kovilta (ablative plural)
kovalle (allative singular)
koville (allative plural)
kovana (essive singular)
kovina (essive plural)
kovaksi (singular translative)
koviksi (plural translative)
kovatta (abessive singular)
kovitta (abessive plural)
kovin (instructive plural)
kovine (comitative plural)
kovani (nominative singular)
kovani (nominative plural)
kovani (accusative nominative singular)
kovani (accusative nominative plural)
kovani (accusative genitive singular)
kovani (accusative genitive plural)
kovani (genitive singular)
kovieni (genitive plural)
kovaini (genitive plural rare)
kovaani (partitive singular)
koviani (partitive plural)
kovassani (inessive singular)
kovissani (inessive plural)
kovastani (elative singular)
kovistani (elative plural)
kovaani (illative singular)
koviini (illative plural)
kovallani (adessive singular)
kovillani (adessive plural)
kovaltani (ablative singular)
koviltani (ablative plural)
kovalleni (allative singular)
kovilleni (allative plural)
kovanani (essive singular)
kovinani (essive plural)
kovakseni (singular translative)
kovikseni (plural translative)
kovattani (abessive singular)
kovittani (abessive plural)
kovineni (comitative plural)
kovasi (nominative singular)
kovasi (nominative plural)
kovasi (accusative nominative singular)
kovasi (accusative nominative plural)
kovasi (accusative genitive singular)
kovasi (accusative genitive plural)
kovasi (genitive singular)
koviesi (genitive plural)
kovaisi (genitive plural rare)
kovaasi (partitive singular)
koviasi (partitive plural)
kovassasi (inessive singular)
kovissasi (inessive plural)
kovastasi (elative singular)
kovistasi (elative plural)
kovaasi (illative singular)
koviisi (illative plural)
kovallasi (adessive singular)
kovillasi (adessive plural)
kovaltasi (ablative singular)
koviltasi (ablative plural)
kovallesi (allative singular)
kovillesi (allative plural)
kovanasi (essive singular)
kovinasi (essive plural)
kovaksesi (singular translative)
koviksesi (plural translative)
kovattasi (abessive singular)
kovittasi (abessive plural)
kovinesi (comitative plural)
kovamme (nominative singular)
kovamme (nominative plural)
kovamme (accusative nominative singular)
kovamme (accusative nominative plural)
kovamme (accusative genitive singular)
kovamme (accusative genitive plural)
kovamme (genitive singular)
koviemme (genitive plural)
kovaimme (genitive plural rare)
kovaamme (partitive singular)
koviamme (partitive plural)
kovassamme (inessive singular)
kovissamme (inessive plural)
kovastamme (elative singular)
kovistamme (elative plural)
kovaamme (illative singular)
koviimme (illative plural)
kovallamme (adessive singular)
kovillamme (adessive plural)
kovaltamme (ablative singular)
koviltamme (ablative plural)
kovallemme (allative singular)
kovillemme (allative plural)
kovanamme (essive singular)
kovinamme (essive plural)
kovaksemme (singular translative)
koviksemme (plural translative)
kovattamme (abessive singular)
kovittamme (abessive plural)
kovinemme (comitative plural)
kovanne (nominative singular)
kovanne (nominative plural)
kovanne (accusative nominative singular)
kovanne (accusative nominative plural)
kovanne (accusative genitive singular)
kovanne (accusative genitive plural)
kovanne (genitive singular)
kovienne (genitive plural)
kovainne (genitive plural rare)
kovaanne (partitive singular)
kovianne (partitive plural)
kovassanne (inessive singular)
kovissanne (inessive plural)
kovastanne (elative singular)
kovistanne (elative plural)
kovaanne (illative singular)
koviinne (illative plural)
kovallanne (adessive singular)
kovillanne (adessive plural)
kovaltanne (ablative singular)
koviltanne (ablative plural)
kovallenne (allative singular)
kovillenne (allative plural)
kovananne (essive singular)
kovinanne (essive plural)
kovaksenne (singular translative)
koviksenne (plural translative)
kovattanne (abessive singular)
kovittanne (abessive plural)
kovinenne (comitative plural)
kovansa (nominative singular)
kovansa (nominative plural)
kovansa (accusative nominative singular)
kovansa (accusative nominative plural)
kovansa (accusative genitive singular)
kovansa (accusative genitive plural)
kovansa (genitive singular)
koviensa (genitive plural)
kovainsa (genitive plural rare)
kovaansa (partitive singular)
koviaan (partitive plural)
koviansa (partitive plural)
kovassaan (inessive singular)
kovassansa (inessive singular)
kovissaan (inessive plural)
kovissansa (inessive plural)
kovastaan (elative singular)
kovastansa (elative singular)
kovistaan (elative plural)
kovistansa (elative plural)
kovaansa (illative singular)
koviinsa (illative plural)
kovallaan (adessive singular)
kovallansa (adessive singular)
kovillaan (adessive plural)
kovillansa (adessive plural)
kovaltaan (ablative singular)
kovaltansa (ablative singular)
koviltaan (ablative plural)
koviltansa (ablative plural)
kovalleen (allative singular)
kovallensa (allative singular)
kovilleen (allative plural)
kovillensa (allative plural)
kovanaan (essive singular)
kovanansa (essive singular)
kovinaan (essive plural)
kovinansa (essive plural)
kovakseen (singular translative)
kovaksensa (singular translative)
kovikseen (plural translative)
koviksensa (plural translative)
kovattaan (abessive singular)
kovattansa (abessive singular)
kovittaan (abessive plural)
kovittansa (abessive plural)
kovineen (comitative plural)
kovinensa (comitative plural)

hard (of an object, resistant to pressure)

(phonetics) hard, unvoiced (pronounced without using the vocal cords)


coalescence

en-noun

coalescence (countable and uncountable, plural coalescences)

(phonology) The merging of two segments into one.


prothesis

prothesis (countable and uncountable, plural protheses)

From Late Latin prothesis, prosthesis, alteration (dropping the ‘s’) from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition, augmentation”), (English prosthesis) from προστίθημι (prostíthēmi, “I add”), from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”).
However, often confused for a descendant of the Ancient Greek word πρόθεσις (próthesis, “a preposing, preposition”) (without the σ (s)), which is instead the source of a different term – see alternative etymology, below.

der

(phonology) The prepending of phonemes at the beginning of a word without changing its morphological structure, as in Spanish esfera from Greek (via Latin) sphaera (“sphere”) (without prothesis the word would have become *sfera).

إِبْدَاء

the addition of a sound or syllable at the beginning of a word without changing the word's meaning or the rest of its structure


sibilant

From Latin sībilāns, present active participle of sībilō (“I hiss”).

Groove fricatives all have more or less of an [s]-like quality, and are for this reason sometimes called sibilants.

1955, H. A. Gleason, An Introduction to Descriptive Linguistics, page 194, section 14.7:

(phonetics) A consonant having a hissing or hushing sound such as the s or sh in sack or shack.


sibilant

sibilant (indefinite nominative singular)
sibilanten (definite nominative singular)
sibilanter (indefinite nominative plural)
sibilanterne (definite nominative plural)
sibilants (genitive indefinite singular)
sibilantens (definite genitive singular)
sibilanters (genitive indefinite plural)
sibilanternes (definite genitive plural)


sibilant

sibìlant (canonical masculine)
сибѝлант (Cyrillic)
sibìlant (nominative singular)
sibilanti (nominative plural)
sibilanta (genitive singular)
sibìlanātā (genitive plural)
sibilantu (dative singular)
sibilantima (dative plural)
sibilant (accusative singular)
sibilante (accusative plural)
sibilante (singular vocative)
sibilanti (plural vocative)
sibilantu (locative singular)
sibilantima (locative plural)
sibilantom (instrumental singular)
sibilantima (instrumental plural)


ultima

en-noun

ultima (countable and uncountable, plural ultimas)

From the Latin feminine of ultimus (“last”).

(grammar, prosody, countable) The final syllable of a word.


ultima

ultima (nominative singular)
ultimat (nominative plural)
ultima (accusative nominative singular)
ultimat (accusative nominative plural)
ultiman (accusative genitive singular)
ultimat (accusative genitive plural)
ultiman (genitive singular)
ultimoiden (genitive plural)
ultimoitten (genitive plural)
ultimojen (genitive plural)
ultimain (genitive plural rare)
ultimaa (partitive singular)
ultimoita (partitive plural)
ultimoja (partitive plural)
ultimassa (inessive singular)
ultimoissa (inessive plural)
ultimasta (elative singular)
ultimoista (elative plural)
ultimaan (illative singular)
ultimoihin (illative plural)
ultimalla (adessive singular)
ultimoilla (adessive plural)
ultimalta (ablative singular)
ultimoilta (ablative plural)
ultimalle (allative singular)
ultimoille (allative plural)
ultimana (essive singular)
ultimoina (essive plural)
ultimaksi (singular translative)
ultimoiksi (plural translative)
ultimatta (abessive singular)
ultimoitta (abessive plural)
ultimoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
ultimani (nominative singular)
ultimani (nominative plural)
ultimani (accusative nominative singular)
ultimani (accusative nominative plural)
ultimani (accusative genitive singular)
ultimani (accusative genitive plural)
ultimani (genitive singular)
ultimoideni (genitive plural)
ultimoitteni (genitive plural)
ultimojeni (genitive plural)
ultimaini (genitive plural rare)
ultimaani (partitive singular)
ultimoitani (partitive plural)
ultimojani (partitive plural)
ultimassani (inessive singular)
ultimoissani (inessive plural)
ultimastani (elative singular)
ultimoistani (elative plural)
ultimaani (illative singular)
ultimoihini (illative plural)
ultimallani (adessive singular)
ultimoillani (adessive plural)
ultimaltani (ablative singular)
ultimoiltani (ablative plural)
ultimalleni (allative singular)
ultimoilleni (allative plural)
ultimanani (essive singular)
ultimoinani (essive plural)
ultimakseni (singular translative)
ultimoikseni (plural translative)
ultimattani (abessive singular)
ultimoittani (abessive plural)
ultimoineni (comitative plural)
ultimasi (nominative singular)
ultimasi (nominative plural)
ultimasi (accusative nominative singular)
ultimasi (accusative nominative plural)
ultimasi (accusative genitive singular)
ultimasi (accusative genitive plural)
ultimasi (genitive singular)
ultimoidesi (genitive plural)
ultimoittesi (genitive plural)
ultimojesi (genitive plural)
ultimaisi (genitive plural rare)
ultimaasi (partitive singular)
ultimoitasi (partitive plural)
ultimojasi (partitive plural)
ultimassasi (inessive singular)
ultimoissasi (inessive plural)
ultimastasi (elative singular)
ultimoistasi (elative plural)
ultimaasi (illative singular)
ultimoihisi (illative plural)
ultimallasi (adessive singular)
ultimoillasi (adessive plural)
ultimaltasi (ablative singular)
ultimoiltasi (ablative plural)
ultimallesi (allative singular)
ultimoillesi (allative plural)
ultimanasi (essive singular)
ultimoinasi (essive plural)
ultimaksesi (singular translative)
ultimoiksesi (plural translative)
ultimattasi (abessive singular)
ultimoittasi (abessive plural)
ultimoinesi (comitative plural)
ultimamme (nominative singular)
ultimamme (nominative plural)
ultimamme (accusative nominative singular)
ultimamme (accusative nominative plural)
ultimamme (accusative genitive singular)
ultimamme (accusative genitive plural)
ultimamme (genitive singular)
ultimoidemme (genitive plural)
ultimoittemme (genitive plural)
ultimojemme (genitive plural)
ultimaimme (genitive plural rare)
ultimaamme (partitive singular)
ultimoitamme (partitive plural)
ultimojamme (partitive plural)
ultimassamme (inessive singular)
ultimoissamme (inessive plural)
ultimastamme (elative singular)
ultimoistamme (elative plural)
ultimaamme (illative singular)
ultimoihimme (illative plural)
ultimallamme (adessive singular)
ultimoillamme (adessive plural)
ultimaltamme (ablative singular)
ultimoiltamme (ablative plural)
ultimallemme (allative singular)
ultimoillemme (allative plural)
ultimanamme (essive singular)
ultimoinamme (essive plural)
ultimaksemme (singular translative)
ultimoiksemme (plural translative)
ultimattamme (abessive singular)
ultimoittamme (abessive plural)
ultimoinemme (comitative plural)
ultimanne (nominative singular)
ultimanne (nominative plural)
ultimanne (accusative nominative singular)
ultimanne (accusative nominative plural)
ultimanne (accusative genitive singular)
ultimanne (accusative genitive plural)
ultimanne (genitive singular)
ultimoidenne (genitive plural)
ultimoittenne (genitive plural)
ultimojenne (genitive plural)
ultimainne (genitive plural rare)
ultimaanne (partitive singular)
ultimoitanne (partitive plural)
ultimojanne (partitive plural)
ultimassanne (inessive singular)
ultimoissanne (inessive plural)
ultimastanne (elative singular)
ultimoistanne (elative plural)
ultimaanne (illative singular)
ultimoihinne (illative plural)
ultimallanne (adessive singular)
ultimoillanne (adessive plural)
ultimaltanne (ablative singular)
ultimoiltanne (ablative plural)
ultimallenne (allative singular)
ultimoillenne (allative plural)
ultimananne (essive singular)
ultimoinanne (essive plural)
ultimaksenne (singular translative)
ultimoiksenne (plural translative)
ultimattanne (abessive singular)
ultimoittanne (abessive plural)
ultimoinenne (comitative plural)
ultimansa (nominative singular)
ultimansa (nominative plural)
ultimansa (accusative nominative singular)
ultimansa (accusative nominative plural)
ultimansa (accusative genitive singular)
ultimansa (accusative genitive plural)
ultimansa (genitive singular)
ultimoidensa (genitive plural)
ultimoittensa (genitive plural)
ultimojensa (genitive plural)
ultimainsa (genitive plural rare)
ultimaansa (partitive singular)
ultimoitaan (partitive plural)
ultimojaan (partitive plural)
ultimoitansa (partitive plural)
ultimojansa (partitive plural)
ultimassaan (inessive singular)
ultimassansa (inessive singular)
ultimoissaan (inessive plural)
ultimoissansa (inessive plural)
ultimastaan (elative singular)
ultimastansa (elative singular)
ultimoistaan (elative plural)
ultimoistansa (elative plural)
ultimaansa (illative singular)
ultimoihinsa (illative plural)
ultimallaan (adessive singular)
ultimallansa (adessive singular)
ultimoillaan (adessive plural)
ultimoillansa (adessive plural)
ultimaltaan (ablative singular)
ultimaltansa (ablative singular)
ultimoiltaan (ablative plural)
ultimoiltansa (ablative plural)
ultimalleen (allative singular)
ultimallensa (allative singular)
ultimoilleen (allative plural)
ultimoillensa (allative plural)
ultimanaan (essive singular)
ultimanansa (essive singular)
ultimoinaan (essive plural)
ultimoinansa (essive plural)
ultimakseen (singular translative)
ultimaksensa (singular translative)
ultimoikseen (plural translative)
ultimoiksensa (plural translative)
ultimattaan (abessive singular)
ultimattansa (abessive singular)
ultimoittaan (abessive plural)
ultimoittansa (abessive plural)
ultimoineen (comitative plural)
ultimoinensa (comitative plural)

(prosody) ultima (last syllable in a multisyllable word)


articulation

articulation (countable and uncountable, plural articulations)

From Middle English articulacioun, from Old French articulacion, from Medieval Latin articulatio. Equivalent to articulate + -ion.

manner of articulation

place of articulation

point of articulation

(phonetics) The mechanism by which a sound is formed in the vocal tract.

artikulasi

linguistics: means of uttering a phoneme


articulation

→ Turkish: artikülasyon

Learned borrowing from Latin articulātiō. By surface analysis, articuler + -ation.

lbor

mode d’articulation ― manner of articulation

point d’articulation ― place of articulation

(phonetics) articulation (emission of a sound)


haplology

en-noun

haplology (countable and uncountable, plural haplologies)

(phonology, uncountable) The process of deleting one of two almost identical syllables within a word.

(phonology, countable) An instance of deleting one of two almost identical syllables within a word.


affricate

(phonetics) A single speech sound produced combining a plosive and a fricative.


Alveolar

de-noun

Alveolar m (strong, genitive Alveolars, plural Alveolare)

Alveolars (genitive)
Alveolare (plural)
Alveolar (nominative singular)
Alveolare (definite nominative plural)
Alveolars (genitive singular)
Alveolare (definite genitive plural)
Alveolar (dative singular)
Alveolaren (dative definite plural)
Alveolar (accusative singular)
Alveolare (accusative definite plural)

Nominalization of alveolar (“alveolar”).


Cluster

Cluster m or n (strong, genitive Clusters, plural Cluster or (rare) Clusters)

Clusters (genitive)
Cluster (plural)
Clusters (plural rare)
Cluster (definite nominative singular)
Cluster (definite nominative plural)
Clusters (definite nominative plural)
Clusters (genitive singular)
Cluster (definite genitive plural)
Clusters (definite genitive plural)
Cluster (dative singular)
Clustern (dative definite plural)
Clusters (dative definite plural)
Cluster (accusative definite singular)
Cluster (accusative definite plural)
Clusters (accusative definite plural)

de-ndecl

m:n,,-:s􂀿rare and not recognised by Duden􂁀

Unadapted borrowing from English cluster.

ubor

cluster
(phonology) sequence of consonants


Diphthong

de-noun

Diphthong m (strong, genitive Diphthonges or Diphthongs, plural Diphthonge)

Diphthonges (genitive)
Diphthongs (genitive)
Diphthonge (plural)
Diphthong (nominative singular)
Diphthonge (definite nominative plural)
Diphthonges (genitive singular)
Diphthongs (genitive singular)
Diphthonge (definite genitive plural)
Diphthong (dative singular)
Diphthonge (dative singular)
Diphthongen (dative definite plural)
Diphthong (accusative singular)
Diphthonge (accusative definite plural)


More

More (genitive)
Moren (plural)
More (nominative singular)
Moren (definite nominative plural)
More (genitive singular)
Moren (definite genitive plural)
More (dative singular)
Moren (dative definite plural)
More (accusative singular)
Moren (accusative definite plural)


prosthesis

en-noun

prosthesis (countable and uncountable, plural prostheses)

Via Latin, from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition”), from προστίθημι (prostíthēmi, “I add”), from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁ti (“to be putting, to be placing”).


sait

az-noun

sait (definite accusative saiti, plural saitlər)

saiti (accusative definite)
saitlər (plural)
sait (nominative singular)
saitlər (nominative plural)
saiti (accusative definite singular)
saitləri (accusative definite plural)
saitə (dative singular)
saitlərə (dative plural)
saitdə (locative singular)
saitlərdə (locative plural)
saitdən (ablative singular)
saitlərdən (ablative plural)
saitin (definite genitive singular)
saitlərin (definite genitive plural)
saitim (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərim (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
saitin (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərin (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saiti (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitləri (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
saitiniz (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitləriniz (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saiti (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitləri (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitləri (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimi (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimi (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
saitini (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitini (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizi (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizi (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərini (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimə (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimə (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
saitinə (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitinə (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizə (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizə (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitinə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərinə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərinə (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimdə (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimdə (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
saitində (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərində (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitində (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərində (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizdə (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizdə (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərində (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimdən (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimdən (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
saitindən (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitindən (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizdən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizdən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərindən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
saitimin (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
saitlərimin (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
saitinin (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
saitlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
saitinin (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
saitlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
saitimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
saitlərimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
saitinizin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
saitlərinizin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
saitinin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərinin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
saitlərinin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

qalın saitlər

incə saitlər


APA

Americanist Phonetic Alphabet
w:Americanist Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) Initialism of Americanist Phonetic Alphabet.


singleton

From single + -ton, probably following the model of simpleton.

singleton sonorants

(phonetics) A single consonant, as opposed to a geminated consonant.


caesura

Latin caesūra (“cutting, hewing”), from caesus, perfect passive participle of caedō (“I cut down, hew”).

(Classical prosody) Using two words to divide a metrical foot.

cezurë

using two words to divide a metrical foot


allophone

vähemmistökieltä äidinkielenään puhuva

person whose mother tongue is one other than that spoken by the majority

In some languages, [ʋ] is an allophone of /v/.

In the former the bilabial phone forms an allophone of the phoneme /v/ in word-final position after /a/ and an allophone of the phoneme /u/ when it is preceded by an obstruent and followed by /a/; […]

2003, Mikhail Sergeevich Andronov, A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 33:

(phonology) Any of two or more alternative pronunciations for a phoneme.


allophone

Coordinate term: phonème

(phonetics, phonology) allophone (any of two or more alternative pronunciations for a phoneme)


synaeresis

en-noun

synaeresis (countable and uncountable, plural synaereses)

/sɪnˈɛɹəsɪs/

From Ancient Greek συναίρεσις (sunaíresis, “unification”), from συν- (sun-, “together”) + αἵρεσις (haíresis, “taking”), from αἱρέω (hairéō, “I take”).

uder

(linguistics, prosody) The contraction of two vowels into a diphthong or a long vowel.


wildcard

(phonetics, phonology) A letter or symbol that substitutes for a generic or poorly identified sound, for example capital C for any or some consonant, or capital V for any or some vowel.


emphatic

en-adj

emphatic (comparative more emphatic, superlative most emphatic)

more emphatic (comparative)
most emphatic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἐμφατικός (emphatikós, “emphatic”), from ἐμφαίνω (emphaínō, “I show, present”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “I shine, show”); related to ἔμφασις (émphasis) and English emphasis.

der

(phonology) Belonging to a series of obstruent consonants in several Afro-Asiatic languages that are distinguished by a guttural (co-)articulation.

pharyngealized consonants in Arabic, Hebrew, other Northwest Semitic languages, and Berber languages

ejective consonants in Ge'ez, Amharic, other Ethiopic Semitic languages, Chadic and Cushitic languages

(phonology, archaic except in layman’s use) Referring to the above consonants as well as /ħ/ and /ʕ/ (these being seen as emphatic equivalents of /h/ and /ʔ/).


phonème

desctree

→ Dutch: foneem, phoneem (dated)
→ Indonesian: fonem

→ German: Phonem

Greek: φώνημα n (fónima, “phoneme”)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma).

lbor

Coordinate term: phone

ce phonème, qui fleurit aussi bien dans l’extrême Orient que dans notre Basse-Normandie, tient le milieu entre notre a grave et l’o grave moyen des mots fort! encore! etc.

this sound, as abundant in the Far East as in our own Lower Normandy occupies the ground between our à sound and the middle o of words like fort! and encore!

Tout phonème suppose un réseau d’oppositions avec les autres phonèmes du même système. La thèse saussurienne précise: «Les phonèmes sont avant tout des entités oppositives, relative et négatives.»

Every phoneme assumes a network of contrasts with other phonemes in the same system. In de Saussure's words: "Phonemes are defined above all by opposition, relativity, by what they are not."

(phonetics, phonology) phoneme (indivisible unit of sound in a given language)


Klick

de-noun

Klick m (strong, genitive Klicks, plural Klicks)


distich

From Latin distichon (“a poem of two verses, a distich consisting of a hexameter and a pentameter”), from Ancient Greek δίστιχον (dístikhon).

bor

Coordinate term: monostich

Through these distichs of increasing intensity and vagueness, the reader is brought to the riddle of the concluding distich: as far as the speaker is concerned, the girl was ‘pure’, but she will not be if Aeschylus wants to receive the same service on a ‘bad condition’.

2012, Christer Henriksén, A Commentary on Martial, Epigrams Book 9, OUP Oxford, →ISBN, page 282:

(prosody) A couplet, a two-line stanza making complete sense.


geminate

/ˈd͡ʒɛmɪnət/

Borrowed from Latin geminātus, perfect passive participle of geminō (“to double”).

For example, Martin (2007) notes that compounds in several languages (including English and Turkish) violate the general phonological principles in the language (e.g., English only allows geminate consonants in compounds).

2008, Sara Finley, Review of “The Representation and Processing of Compound Words”:

(phonology, of a consonant) Pronounced longer and considered as being doubled.


geminate

(phonology) A doubled or repeated letter or speech sound.


diastole

en-noun

diastole (usually uncountable, plural diastoles)

From Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”), from διά (diá, “apart”) + στέλλειν (stéllein, “send”).

der

1815 March and June, On the Greek and Latin Accents, The Classical Journal, Volume XI, page 81,
I have inserted diastole which is omitted in Putschius, an insertion which both the complement, and the subsequent text make necessary.

[A]ccording to prosody, this syllable has the diastole and the stress, whereas the second of “cujus” or of “animam” has not.

1841, Gottfried Weber, Godfrey Weber′s General Music Teacher, page 115:

Surely Goethe′s basic dichotomy of systole and diastole in the Divan poem[…].

2010, Jürgen Thym, Ann Clark Fehn, Of Poetry and Song: Approaches to the Nineteenth-Century Lied, page 46:

(uncountable, prosody) The lengthening of a vowel or syllable beyond its typical length.


intervocalic

/ˌɪntəvəʊˈkælɪk/

(phonetics) Existing or occurring between vowels.


assonance

en-noun

assonance (countable and uncountable, plural assonances)

From French assonance, from Latin assonāre; by surface analysis, a- + son- + -ance.

"You should try to speak without assonances" said Merlyn. "For instance, 'The beer is never clear round here, dear' is unfortunate, even as an assonance.'"

1938, T.H. White, chapter 12, in The Sword in the Stone, Collins:

(prosody) The repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds (though with different consonants), usually in literature or poetry.


monosemic

(prosody) Consisting of, or equal to, a single semeion.