nálægur

is-adj

nálægur (comparative nálægari, superlative nálægastur)

nálægari (comparative)
nálægastur (superlative)
nálægur (masculine nominative strong)
nálæg (feminine nominative strong)
nálægt (neuter nominative strong)
nálægan (accusative masculine strong)
nálæga (accusative feminine strong)
nálægt (accusative neuter strong)
nálægum (dative masculine strong)
nálægri (dative feminine strong)
nálægu (dative neuter strong)
nálægs (genitive masculine strong)
nálægrar (feminine genitive strong)
nálægs (genitive neuter strong)
nálægir (masculine nominative strong)
nálægar (feminine nominative strong)
nálæg (neuter nominative strong)
nálæga (accusative masculine strong)
nálægar (accusative feminine strong)
nálæg (accusative neuter strong)
nálægum (dative strong)
nálægra (genitive strong)
nálægi (masculine nominative weak)
nálæga (feminine nominative weak)
nálæga (neuter nominative weak)
nálæga (masculine weak)
nálægu (feminine weak)
nálæga (neuter weak)
nálægu (plural weak)
nálægari (comparative masculine singular weak)
nálægari (comparative feminine singular weak)
nálægara (comparative neuter singular weak)
nálægari (comparative plural weak)
nálægastur (masculine nominative strong superlative)
nálægust (feminine nominative strong superlative)
nálægast (neuter nominative strong superlative)
nálægastan (accusative masculine strong superlative)
nálægasta (accusative feminine strong superlative)
nálægast (accusative neuter strong superlative)
nálægustum (dative masculine strong superlative)
nálægastri (dative feminine strong superlative)
nálægustu (dative neuter strong superlative)
nálægasts (genitive masculine strong superlative)
nálægastrar (feminine genitive strong superlative)
nálægasts (genitive neuter strong superlative)
nálægastir (masculine nominative strong superlative)
nálægastar (feminine nominative strong superlative)
nálægust (neuter nominative strong superlative)
nálægasta (accusative masculine strong superlative)
nálægastar (accusative feminine strong superlative)
nálægust (accusative neuter strong superlative)
nálægustum (dative strong superlative)
nálægastra (genitive strong superlative)
nálægasti (masculine nominative superlative weak)
nálægasta (feminine nominative superlative weak)
nálægasta (neuter nominative superlative weak)
nálægasta (masculine superlative weak)
nálægustu (feminine superlative weak)
nálægasta (neuter superlative weak)
nálægustu (plural superlative weak)

Nálægt sérhljóð.


opna

is-noun

opna f (genitive singular opnu, nominative plural opnur)

opnu (genitive singular)
opnur (nominative plural)
opna (indefinite nominative singular)
opnan (definite nominative singular)
opnur (indefinite nominative plural)
opnurnar (definite nominative plural)
opnu (accusative indefinite singular)
opnuna (accusative definite singular)
opnur (accusative indefinite plural)
opnurnar (accusative definite plural)
opnu (dative indefinite singular)
opnunni (dative definite singular)
opnum (dative indefinite plural)
opnunum (dative definite plural)
opnu (genitive indefinite singular)
opnunnar (definite genitive singular)
opna (genitive indefinite plural)
opnanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse opna, from Proto-Germanic *upanǭ.

(phonetics) the degree to which the mouth is open when a sound is produced


гласный

ru-adj

гла́сный • (glásnyj)

гла́сный (canonical)
glásnyj (romanization)
гла́сный (masculine nominative)
гла́сное (neuter nominative)
гла́сная (feminine nominative)
гла́сные (nominative plural)
гла́сного (genitive masculine neuter)
гла́сной (feminine genitive)
гла́сных (genitive plural)
гла́сному (dative masculine neuter)
гла́сной (dative feminine)
гла́сным (dative plural)
гла́сного (accusative animate masculine)
гла́сное (accusative neuter)
гла́сную (accusative feminine)
гла́сных (accusative animate plural)
гла́сный (accusative inanimate masculine)
гла́сные (accusative inanimate plural)
гла́сным (instrumental masculine neuter)
гла́сной (feminine instrumental)
гла́сною (feminine instrumental)
гла́сными (instrumental plural)
гла́сном (masculine neuter prepositional)
гла́сной (feminine prepositional)
гла́сных (plural prepositional)
гла́сен (masculine short-form)
гла́сно (neuter short-form)
гла́сна (feminine short-form)
гла́сны (plural short-form)
гла́сный (dated masculine nominative)
гла́сное (dated neuter nominative)
гла́сная (dated feminine nominative)
гла́сные (dated masculine nominative plural)
гла́сныя (dated feminine neuter nominative plural)
гла́снаго (dated genitive masculine neuter)
гла́сной (dated feminine genitive)
гла́сныхъ (dated feminine genitive masculine neuter)
гла́сному (dated dative masculine neuter)
гла́сной (dated dative feminine)
гла́снымъ (dated dative feminine masculine neuter)
гла́снаго (accusative animate dated masculine)
гла́сное (accusative dated neuter)
гла́сную (accusative dated feminine)
гла́сныхъ (accusative animate dated feminine masculine neuter)
гла́сный (accusative dated inanimate masculine)
гла́сные (accusative dated inanimate masculine plural)
гла́сныя (accusative dated feminine inanimate neuter plural)
гла́снымъ (dated instrumental masculine neuter)
гла́сной (dated feminine instrumental)
гла́сною (dated feminine instrumental)
гла́сными (dated feminine instrumental masculine neuter)
гла́сномъ (dated masculine neuter prepositional)
гла́сной (dated feminine prepositional)
гла́сныхъ (dated feminine masculine neuter prepositional)
гла́сенъ (dated masculine short-form)
гла́сно (dated neuter short-form)
гла́сна (dated feminine short-form)
гла́сны (dated feminine masculine neuter short-form)

From глас (glas, “voice”) + -ный (-nyj). The phonetic sense is a semantic loan from Latin vōcālis.


гласный

ru-noun+

гла́сный • (glásnyj) m inan or m anim (genitive гла́сного, nominative plural гла́сные, genitive plural гла́сных)

гла́сный (canonical)
glásnyj (romanization)
гла́сного (genitive)
гла́сные (nominative plural)
гла́сных (genitive plural)
гла́сный (nominative singular)
гла́сные (nominative plural)
гла́сного (genitive singular)
гла́сных (genitive plural)
гла́сному (dative singular)
гла́сным (dative plural)
гла́сного (accusative animate singular)
гла́сных (accusative animate plural)
гла́сный (accusative inanimate singular)
гла́сные (accusative inanimate plural)
гла́сным (instrumental singular)
гла́сными (instrumental plural)
гла́сном (prepositional singular)
гла́сных (plural prepositional)
гла́сный (dated nominative singular)
гла́сные (dated nominative plural)
гла́снаго (dated genitive singular)
гла́сныхъ (dated genitive plural)
гла́сному (dated dative singular)
гла́снымъ (dated dative plural)
гла́снаго (accusative animate dated singular)
гла́сныхъ (accusative animate dated plural)
гла́сный (accusative dated inanimate singular)
гла́сные (accusative dated inanimate plural)
гла́снымъ (dated instrumental singular)
гла́сными (dated instrumental plural)
гла́сномъ (dated prepositional singular)
гла́сныхъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Ingrian: glasnoi


a

Pronunciation of IPA [aː]

(IPA, phonetics) an open front or central unrounded vowel.


lenis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lenis.wav

Borrowed from Latin lēnis (“soft, smooth”).

All vowels, whether short or complex, are relatively shorter when followed by a fortis consonant and relatively longer when followed by a lenis one or, for those where this is possible, when no consonant follows (in free or unchecked syllables).

2004, Stephan Gramley, Michael Pätzold, A Survey of Modern English, Routledge, →ISBN, page 80:

(phonetics, of a consonant) Weakly articulated, hence voiced; especially as compared to the others of a group of homorganic consonants.


lenition

en-noun

lenition (countable and uncountable, plural lenitions)

Analyzable as lenis + -ition, or as if from Latin lēnīt(us) + -ion, or Latin lēnītiō (“softening”) from lēniō (“soften”) + -tiō (action noun suffix) (attested since at least the 1500s, the same timeframe lenition is first attested in English with the sense "assuaging"). Modelled on German Lenierung.

affix

Coordinate term: assimilation

One of these processes, the process of T-Lenition, is extremely common, even though it takes place only when the input consonant is adjacent to a small number of affixes. In this change, a stopped consonant, [p t k b d g], becomes a fricative, [s, z, š, ž]. This process is called lenition, or weakening.

2001, Robert Stockwell, Donka Minkova, English Words: History and Structure, page 104:

Environments are an essential part of any discussion of lenition. Textbooks often describe lenition as occurring in the weak intervocalic or word-final environments. The canonical examples of lenition given earlier in (1) through (3) all occur either between vowels or between sonorants.

2001, Lisa M. Lavoie, Consonant Strength: Phonological Patterns and Phonetic Manifestations, page 7:

2008, Krzysztof Jaskula, Celtic, Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho, Tobias Scheer, Philippe Ségéral (editors), Lenition and Fortition, Studies in Generative Grammar: 99, page 347,
As for Goidelic languages, the situation is clearer because Lenition III in this subfamily consisted in losing the same property as the first two lenitions, namely stopness.

2011, Naomi Gurevich, 66: Lenition, Marc van Oostendorp, Colin J. Ewen, Elizabeth V. Hume, Keren Rice (editors), The Blackwell Companion to Phonology, Volume III: Phonological Processes, page 1573,
Five general patterns of lenitions – all based to some extent on empirical data – are identified.

(phonetics, phonology) A weakening of articulation causing a consonant to become lenis (soft).


breathed

(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) voiceless, contrasting with voiced


inventory

From Middle English inventorie, from Medieval Latin inventōrium, alteration of Late Latin inventārium, from Latin inveniō (“to find out”).

Germanic languages have a marked tendency towards large vocalic inventories.

Most final consonants have been lost, resulting in a tonal language with a rich consonantal and vocalic inventory, but with a relatively simple syllabic structure..

2014, Guillaume Jacques, “V: Cone”, in Jackson Sun, editor, Phonological Profiles of Little-Studied Tibetic Varieties, Taipei: Academia Sinica, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 270:

(linguistics, especially phonology) The total set of a (specified) linguistic feature (within a language etc.)


excursion

Borrowed from Latin excursio (“a running out, an inroad, invasion, a setting out, beginning of a speech”), from excurrere (“to run out”), from ex (“out”) + currere (“to run”).

bor

(phonetics) A deviation in pitch, for example in the syllables of enthusiastic speech.


metathesis

en-noun

metathesis (countable and uncountable, plural metatheses)

→ Malay: metatesis

Borrowed from Late Latin metathesis, from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis), from μετά (metá, “among”) + θέσις (thésis, “placement”).

af

(phonetics, prosody) The transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word, such as in ask as /æks/.

vendkëmbim

the transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word

перестано́вка

зву́ков и́ли слого́в в слова́х


SSB

Standard Southern British
w:Standard Southern British

(phonetics) Initialism of Standard Southern British.


iamb

From French iambe in the mid-1800s, from Latin iambus, from Ancient Greek ἴαμβος (íambos). Displaced iambus which shares the same classical origin.

(prosody) A metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.


iamb

iambi (plural)
iamb (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
iambul (accusative definite nominative singular)
iambi (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
iambii (accusative definite nominative plural)
iamb (indefinite singular)
iambului (definite singular)
iambi (indefinite singular)
iambilor (definite plural)
iambule (singular vocative)
iambilor (vocative)

Borrowed from French ïambe, from Latin iambus.


ictus

en-noun

ictus (plural ictus or ictuses or ictusses)

ictus (plural)
ictuses (plural)
ictusses (plural)

From Latin ictus (“a blow”), from īco (“I hit, strike, or smite”; “I stab or sting”).

(prosody) The stress of voice laid upon an accented syllable of a word. Compare arsis.


ictus

la-noun

ictus m (genitive ictūs); fourth declension

ictūs (genitive)
ictus (nominative singular)
ictūs (nominative plural)
ictūs (genitive singular)
ictuum (genitive plural)
ictuī (dative singular)
ictibus (dative plural)
ictum (accusative singular)
ictūs (accusative plural)
ictū (ablative singular)
ictibus (ablative plural)
ictus (singular vocative)
ictūs (plural vocative)

Galician: eito, → ictus

→ English: ictus, ictal

Portuguese: eito, → icto

From ī̆cō (“to strike”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).


ictus

ictusuri (plural)
ictus (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
ictusul (accusative definite nominative singular)
ictusuri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
ictusurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
ictus (indefinite singular)
ictusului (definite singular)
ictusuri (indefinite singular)
ictusurilor (definite plural)
ictusule (singular vocative)
ictusurilor (vocative)

Borrowed from Latin ictus or French ictus.


plats

head

plats (definite platais, comparative platāks, superlative visplatākais, adverb plati)

platais (definite)
platāks (comparative)
visplatākais (superlative)
plati (adverb)
plats (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
plati (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
plata (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
platas (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
platu (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
platus (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
platu (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
platas (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
plata (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
platu (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
platas (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
platu (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
platam (dative indefinite masculine singular)
platiem (dative indefinite masculine plural)
platai (dative feminine indefinite singular)
platām (dative feminine indefinite plural)
platu (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
platiem (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
platu (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
platām (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
platā (indefinite locative masculine singular)
platos (indefinite locative masculine plural)
platā (feminine indefinite locative singular)
platās (feminine indefinite locative plural)

From Proto-Baltic *platús, from *pl̥th₂us < *pleth₂- (“flat”). In Latvian, former u-stem adjectives were assimilated into other classes; *platus gave rise to both an o-stem and a yo-stem variant which later on became independent words, plats and plašs, with different semantic nuances (compare also dobs and dobjš, or ass and ašs); this separation began in the 18th century but became complete only in the 1870s. Cognates include Lithuanian platùs, Old Prussian plat- (from a placename, Platmedyen, where median = “forest”), Sanskrit पृथु (pṛthu, “broad, wide, great, powerful”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, wide, flat, smooth”).

cog

platais patskanis

platais e, ē ― broad, lax e, ē (i.e., [æ] instead of [ɛ])

(phonetics) broad, lax (pronounced with relatively large mouth opening)


anapest

Dr. Seuss
How the Grinch Stole Christmas!

From Latin anapaestus, from Ancient Greek ἀνάπαιστος (anápaistos, “struck back, reversed [relative to dactyl]”), from ἀνά (aná, “back”) + παίω (paíō, “I strike”).

der

struck back, reversed 􂀿relative to dactyl􂁀

(prosody) In qualitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two unstressed and the last one stressed.

(prosody) In quantitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short, then one long.

(prosody) A fragment, phrase or line of poetry or verse using this meter.


anapest

ca-noun

anapest m (plural anapests or anapestos)


anapest

anapest (nominative singular)
anapesty (nominative plural)
anapestu (genitive singular)
anapestów (genitive plural)
anapestowi (dative singular)
anapestom (dative plural)
anapest (accusative singular)
anapesty (accusative plural)
anapestem (instrumental singular)
anapestami (instrumental plural)
anapeście (locative singular)
anapestach (locative plural)
anapeście (singular vocative)
anapesty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin anapaestus, from Ancient Greek ἀνάπαιστος (anápaistos). First attested in 1817.

ref

Pamiętnik warszawski, czyli dziennik nauk i umieiętności (in Polish), numbers no. 2, 5, 1817, page 157


anapest

anapești (plural)
anapest (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
anapestul (accusative definite nominative singular)
anapești (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
anapeștii (accusative definite nominative plural)
anapest (indefinite singular)
anapestului (definite singular)
anapești (indefinite singular)
anapeștilor (definite plural)
anapestule (singular vocative)
anapeștilor (vocative)

Borrowed from French anapeste, from Latin anapaestus.


Slavic Phonetic Alphabet
Slavic Phonetic Alphabet#English

(phonetics) palatalization symbol in Slavic Phonetic Alphabet – more correctly the modifier letter ⟨ʹ⟩


phonemic split

(phonology) The phenomenon in which a single phoneme diverges into two different phonemes.


cot-caught merger

en-noun

cot-caught merger (plural cot-caught mergers)

/ˈkɑt kɔt ˌmɝd͡ʒɚ/

/ˈkɑt kɑt ˌmɝd͡ʒɚ/

/ˈkɒt kɔːt ˌmɜːd͡ʒə/

[ˈkɔt koːt ˌməːd͡ʒə]

/ˈkɔt kɔt ˌmɛɾdʒəɾ/

/ˈkɔt koːt ˌmɵːd͡ʒɘ/

One was /au/-monophthongisation, described earlier in Chapter 2, while the second was the so-called low-back merger (LBM), also referred to as the cot–caught merger because words in these two classes are pronounced the same and speakers cannot hear any small differences in their pronunciation, even when they are present.

2011, Scott F Kiesling, Linguistic Variation and Change, page 81:

(phonology) A phonemic merger in some varieties of English (especially American and Canadian English) in which the vowels in words such as hot and doll (/ɒ/) and in words such as law and talk (/ɔː/) are pronounced identically, making the words cot and caught homophones.


low back merger

low back merger (plural low back mergers)

The low back merger is one possible outcome of a series of triggering events outlined in Chapter 5, but it is itself the triggering event for a variety of further consequences for the English vowel system.

1994, William Labov, Principles of Linguistic Change, volume 3:


phonemic merger

phonemic merger (plural phonemic mergers)

The first sign of a phonemic merger is that two signs, which hitherto have been kept carefully apart, become used wrongly, e.g. das is written for MHG dar, and aller for MHG alles (Schulze 1967: 38f.).

2012, Gerhard Augst, New Trends in Graphemics and Orthography, page 171:

(phonology) The phenomenon in which two different phonemes merge and become replaced by a single phoneme.


(phonetics) See ˚ and ◌̊ for the ring, a diacritical mark.


iro

From ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) + ró (“to sound”)


voicing

(phonetics) The articulatory process in which the vocal cords vibrate.

(phonetics, phonology) A classification of speech sounds that tend to be associated with vocal cord vibration.

清濁 /清浊

phonetics: classification of speech sounds

(phonology) A phonological process that turns a voiceless sound into a voiced one.


near-minimal pair

en-noun

near-minimal pair (plural near-minimal pairs)

(phonology) A pair of words differing by a few (but more than one) phonetic segments or suprasegments, used to suggest a proposed phoneme, toneme, or chroneme may be valid.


minimal pair

"Beach and bitch" and "bun and ban" are examples of minimal pairs.

(phonology) A pair of words differing by only one phonetic segment or suprasegment, used to prove the validity of a proposed phoneme, toneme, or chroneme.


antiphony

antiphony (countable and uncountable, plural antiphonies)

Still another phase of language which interests Professor Orr is that of vowel antiphony in the functional development of language; e.g. the “front-back” vowel sequence (tittle-tattle, et patati et patata, etc.).

1953, The French Review, volume 27, page 300:

Roman Jakobson gives evidence to show how language uses ‘antiphony’ or vowel opposition in pairs of words with opposite meanings: ‘gleam’ and ‘gloom’, ‘here’ and ‘there’, or in French ‘petit’ and ‘grand’.

2000, Edward Nye, Literary and Linguistic Theories in Eighteenth-Century France: From Nuances to Impertinence, →ISBN, page 175:

The various types of reduplication […] include full reduplication (tum-tum), […] vowel antiphony (flip-flop, criss-cross) […]

2019, Paul Rastall, Bottom-Up Linguistics: Perspectives and Explorations with a Postscript on Language and Reality, →ISBN, page 36:

(phonetics) Synonym of apophony (“contrastive vowel modification”).


bimoraic

(phonology, of a syllable) Having two morae, i.e. being composed of either two short vowels, or one long vowel, or a diphthong.


monomoraic

(phonology, of a syllable) Containing one mora.


háttur

is-noun

háttur m (genitive singular háttar, nominative plural hættir)

háttar (genitive singular)
hættir (nominative plural)
háttur (indefinite nominative singular)
hátturinn (definite nominative singular)
hættir (indefinite nominative plural)
hættirnir (definite nominative plural)
hátt (accusative indefinite singular)
háttinn (accusative definite singular)
hætti (accusative indefinite plural)
háttu (accusative archaic indefinite literary plural)
hættina (accusative definite plural)
hætti (dative indefinite singular)
hættinum (dative definite singular)
háttum (dative indefinite plural)
háttunum (dative definite plural)
háttar (genitive indefinite singular)
háttarins (definite genitive singular)
hátta (genitive indefinite plural)
háttanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse háttr, from Proto-Germanic *hahtuz.


ā

Āā Ǟǟ Ḇḇ C̄c̄ Ḏḏ Ēē Ḕḕ Ḗḗ Ḡḡ ẖ Īī Ḹḹ Ḻḻ Ṉṉ Ōō Ȫȫ Ṑṑ Ṓṓ R̄r̄ Ṝṝ Ṟṟ Ṯṯ Ūū Ǘǘ Ǖǖ Ṻṻ Ȳȳ Ẕẕ Ǣǣ

(phonetics) A common convention for a long vowel a


stopped

en-adj

stopped (comparative more stopped, superlative most stopped)

more stopped (comparative)
most stopped (superlative)

From stop + -ed. In some senses, the adjective follows from the verb; in others, it may derive directly from the noun stop.

even a stopped clock is right twice a day

þ was first voiced and then stopped , becoming d

1874, Henry Sweet, A History of English Sounds from the Earliest Period:

(phonetics) Made by complete closure of the organs in the mouth; said of certain consonants such as b, d, p, and t.


apheresis

en-noun

apheresis (countable and uncountable, plural aphereses)

/əˈfɪəɹɪsɪs/

/ˌæfəˈɹisɪs/

From Latin aphaeresis, from Ancient Greek ἀφαίρεσις (aphaíresis, “a taking away”), from ἀφαιρέω (aphairéō) (from ἀφ- (aph-), variant of ἀπό (apó, “off, away from”) before an aspirated vowel) + αἱρέω (hairéō, “to take; to snatch”)) + -σις (-sis, suffix forming nouns of action); the grammatical sense developed in Latin.

der

en:loss of sound or letter at start of word

(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Elision, suppression, or complete loss of a letter or sound (syllable) from the beginning of a word, such as the development of special from especial.

raktroc'h

loss of letters or sounds from the beginning of a word


stressed

en-adj

stressed (comparative more stressed, superlative most stressed)

more stressed (comparative)
most stressed (superlative)


ψ

(turned) a voiced retroflex click, IPA ⟨ɡ͜𝼊⟩.

(phonetics, dated) a voiceless retroflex click, IPA ⟨k͜𝼊⟩.


binden

de-verb

binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense band, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bände, auxiliary haben)

bindet (present singular third-person)
band (past)
gebunden (participle past)
bände (past subjunctive)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
binden (infinitive)
bindend (participle present)
gebunden (participle past)
binde (first-person indicative present singular)
binden (first-person indicative plural present)
binde (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
binden (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
bindest (indicative present second-person singular)
bindet (indicative plural present second-person)
bindest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
bindet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
bindet (indicative present singular third-person)
binden (indicative plural present third-person)
binde (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
binden (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
band (first-person indicative preterite singular)
banden (first-person indicative plural preterite)
bände (first-person formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
bänden (first-person formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
bandest (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bandst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bandet (indicative plural preterite second-person)
bändest (formal rare second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
bändet (formal plural rare second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
band (indicative preterite singular third-person)
banden (indicative plural preterite third-person)
bände (formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
bänden (formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
bind (imperative second-person singular)
binde (imperative second-person singular)
bindet (imperative plural second-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe gebunden (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben gebunden (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe gebunden (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben gebunden (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast gebunden (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt gebunden (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest gebunden (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet gebunden (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat gebunden (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben gebunden (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe gebunden (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben gebunden (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte gebunden (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten gebunden (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte gebunden (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten gebunden (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest gebunden (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet gebunden (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest gebunden (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet gebunden (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte gebunden (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten gebunden (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte gebunden (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten gebunden (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
binden werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde binden (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden binden (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest binden (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet binden (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde binden (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden binden (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde binden (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden binden (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde binden (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden binden (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst binden (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet binden (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest binden (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet binden (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird binden (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden binden (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde binden (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden binden (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
gebunden haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden gebunden haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst gebunden haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet gebunden haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird gebunden haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden gebunden haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden gebunden haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

From Middle High German binden, from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Cognate with Low German binnen, Dutch binden, English bind, Danish binde.

Französische Substantive werden im Singular nicht gebunden.

There is no liaison with French singular nouns.

(phonetics, transitive) to make sandhi, crasis, liaison


mora

From Latin mora (“duration of time, delay”).

Instead of syllables, Japanese is supported by mora. (Tokyo is To-o-kyo-o, a four-mora word.) The word Nihongo consists of four morae, ni-ho-n-go, pronounced with four rhythmical units of sound.

2011, Senko K. Maynard, Learning Japanese for Real, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 32:

(phonology) A unit of syllable weight used in phonology, by which stress, foot structure, or timing of utterance is determined in some languages (e.g. Japanese).


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora. First attested in 1677–1690.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(phonology) mora (a unit of syllable weight used in phonology, by which stress, foot structure, or timing of utterance is determined in some languages (e.g)


mora

Learned borrowing from Latin mora (“delay”).

lbor

(phonology) mora (unit of syllable weight)


mora

móra (canonical feminine)
мо́ра (Cyrillic)
mora (nominative singular)
more (nominative plural)
more (genitive singular)
mora (genitive plural)
mori (dative singular)
morama (dative plural)
moru (accusative singular)
more (accusative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
more (plural vocative)
mori (locative singular)
morama (locative plural)
morom (instrumental singular)
morama (instrumental plural)


voiced

(phonetics) Sounded with vibration of the vocal cords. For example, the phone [z] is voiced, while [s] is unvoiced.

tingullor

sounded with vibration of the vocal cords


音素

/im⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² sɔ²¹/


raising

en-noun

raising (countable and uncountable, plural raisings)

Inherited from Middle English reysynge; equivalent to raise + -ing.

(linguistics, phonetics) A sound change in which a vowel or consonant becomes higher or raised, meaning that the tongue becomes more elevated or positioned closer to the roof of the mouth than before.


apical

(phonetics, phonology, of a sound) Produced with the tip of the tongue.

apical

phonetics: produced with the tip of the tongue


apical

(phonetics) A sound produced by obstructing the air passage with the tip of the tongue.


apical

(phonetics, of a phoneme) apical (produced with the tip of the tongue)


apical

(phonetics) apical (a sound produced by obstructing the air passage with the tip of the tongue)


妨げ音

妨げ音 (canonical)
samatageon (romanization)


sonorant

(phonetics) A speech sound that is produced without turbulent airflow in the vocal tract; the generic term of vowel, approximant, nasal consonant, etc.


obstruent

Learned borrowing from Latin obstruēns, obstruentis.

lbor

Lehmann (1998:77) and Steever (1998: 14, 16) considered āytam an allophone of Tamil /y/ before obstruents, but there is no real evidence for this assumption.

2003, Bhadiraju Krishnamurti, The Dravidian Languages, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN:

(phonetics) A consonant sound formed by obstructing the airway, causing turbulence; a plosive, fricative, or affricate.


共鳴音

[kʲo̞ːme̞ːõ̞ɴ]

From 共鳴(きょうめい) (kyōmei, “resonance”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


πνεῦμα

grc-noun

πνεῦμα • (pneûma) n (genitive πνεύματος); third declension

pneûma (romanization)
πνεύματος (genitive)
τὸ πνεῦμᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ πνεύμᾰτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πνεύμᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ πνεύμᾰτος (genitive singular)
τοῖν πνευμᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν πνευμᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ πνεύμᾰτῐ (dative singular)
τοῖν πνευμᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς πνεύμᾰσῐ (dative plural)
πνεύμᾰσῐν (dative plural)
toîs pneúmăsĭ (dative plural)
toîs pneúmăsĭn (dative plural)
τὸ πνεῦμᾰ (accusative singular)
τὼ πνεύμᾰτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πνεύμᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
πνεῦμᾰ (singular vocative)
πνεύμᾰτε (dual vocative)
πνεύμᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)

Coptic: ⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ (pneuma)

Greek: πνεύμα (pnévma)

Latin: pneuma

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥
Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)
From Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥, equivalent to πνευ- (pneu-), the root of πνέω (pnéō, “I blow”), + -μα (-ma, result noun suffix).


catalectic

From Latin catalecticus, from Ancient Greek καταληκτικός (katalēktikós, “leaving off, incomplete”) from κατά (katá, “down, wholly”) + ληκτικός (lēktikós, “causing to stop”).

uder

καταληκτικός

(prosody) (said of a line with incomplete meter) lacking a syllable at the end or ending with an incomplete foot.


anacrusis

Modern Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀνάκρουσις (anákrousis, “pushing up”), from ἀνακρούω (anakroúō, “I push up”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + κρούω (kroúō, “I strike”).

(prosody) An unstressed syllable at the start of a verse.

anacrusi

(prosody) an unstressed syllable at the start of a verse


noga

pl-noun

noga f (diminutive nóżka, augmentative nożysko, related adjective nożny)

nóżka (diminutive)
nożysko (augmentative)
nożny (adjective)
noga (nominative singular)
nogi (nominative plural)
nogi (genitive singular)
nóg (genitive plural)
nodze (dative singular)
nogom (dative plural)
nogę (accusative singular)
nogi (accusative plural)
nogą (instrumental singular)
nogami (instrumental plural)
nodze (locative singular)
nogach (locative plural)
nogo (singular vocative)
nogi (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, prosody) foot (basic measure of rhythm in a poem)


occlusion

en-noun

occlusion (countable and uncountable, plural occlusions)

Borrowed from Late Latin occlūsiō, occlūsiōnis (“occluding, obstruction”), from the Classical Latin occlūdō (“I shut up or close up; I restrain”), from ob + claudō (“I shut or close”).

der

(phonetics) A closure within the vocal tract that produces an oral stop or nasal stop.


assimilation

en-noun

assimilation (countable and uncountable, plural assimilations)

/əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən/

Borrowed from Medieval Latin assimilatio. By surface analysis, assimilate + -ion.

Hence, rather than being the result of mishearing and assimilation, the application of Hobson-Jobson to the Muharram was intentionally disparaging.

2014, James Lambert, “A Much Tortured Expression: A New Look At `Hobson-Jobson'”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 27, number 1, page 59:

(phonology) A sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.


excrescence

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-excrescence.wav

From Middle English, early 15th century, in sense “(action of) growing out (of something else)”. Borrowed from Latin excrescentia (“abnormal growths”), from excrescentem, from excrēscere, from ex- (“out”) (English ex-) + crēscere (“to grow”) (English crescent). Sense of “abnormal growth” from 1570s, from earlier excrescency (1540s in this sense).

(phonetics) The epenthesis of a consonant, e.g., warmth as [ˈwɔrmpθ] (adding a [p] between [m] and [θ]), or -t (Etymology 2).


ē

(phonetics) A common convention for a long vowel e


harmonic

en-adj

harmonic (comparative more harmonic, superlative most harmonic)

more harmonic (comparative)
most harmonic (superlative)

From Latin harmonicus, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονικός (harmonikós), from ἁρμονία (harmonía, “harmony”).

(phonology) Exhibiting or applying constraints on what vowels (e.g. front/back vowels only) may be found near each other and sometimes in the entire word.

magánhangzó-harmónia terén illeszkedő

phonology: exhibiting or applying vowel constraints in a word


approximant

From Latin approximāns. In the phonetics sense first used by Peter Ladefoged, the mathematical concept is attributed to Paul Halmos.

(phonetics) A consonant sound made by slightly narrowing the vocal tract, while still allowing a smooth flow of air. Liquids and glides are approximants.

ձայնորդ

consonant made by slightly narrowing the vocal tract


Konsonant

de-noun

Konsonant m (weak, genitive Konsonanten, plural Konsonanten)

Konsonanten (genitive)
Konsonanten (plural)
Konsonant (nominative singular)
Konsonanten (definite nominative plural)
Konsonanten (genitive singular)
Konsonanten (definite genitive plural)
Konsonanten (dative singular)
Konsonanten (dative definite plural)
Konsonanten (accusative singular)
Konsonanten (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Latin (littera) cōnsonāns (“consonant”) (accusative singular cōnsonantem).


Vokal

de-noun

Vokal m (strong, genitive Vokales or Vokals, plural Vokale)

Vokales (genitive)
Vokals (genitive)
Vokale (plural)
Vokal (nominative singular)
Vokale (definite nominative plural)
Vokales (genitive singular)
Vokals (genitive singular)
Vokale (definite genitive plural)
Vokal (dative singular)
Vokale (dative singular)
Vokalen (dative definite plural)
Vokal (accusative singular)
Vokale (accusative definite plural)

15th century, from Latin (littera) vōcālis (“vowel”).

(linguistics) vowel
(phonetics) vowel sound


coronal

en-adj

coronal (comparative more coronal, superlative most coronal)

more coronal (comparative)
most coronal (superlative)

From Middle English coronal, from Anglo-Norman coronal, from Latin corōnālis (“related to a crown”), from corōna (“crown”).

(phonetics) Relating to a sound made with the tip or blade of the tongue.


coronal

This structurally accounts for a number of phenomena that treat coronals asymetrically with respect to other places of articulation.

2011, Mirco Ghini, Asymmetries in the Phonology of Miogliola, page 34:

(phonetics) A consonant produced with the tip or blade of the tongue.

coronaal

consonant produced with tip or blade of tongue


coronal

fr-adj

coronal (feminine coronale, masculine plural coronaux, feminine plural coronales)

coronale (feminine)
coronaux (masculine plural)
coronales (feminine plural)

From Latin corōnālis, from corōna (“a crown”).

(anatomy, astronomy, botany, phonetics) coronal


coronal

coronal (relating to a crown or coronation)

(phonetics) (relating to a sound made with the tip or blade of tongue)


coronal

(phonetics) coronal (consonant produced with tip or blade of tongue)


coronal

es-adj

coronal m or f (masculine and feminine plural coronales)

(phonetics) coronal (relating to a sound produced with the tip or blade of the tongue)


coronal

(phonetics) coronal (a consonant produced with the tip or blade of the tongue)


konsonant

konsonant (nominative singular)
konsonanty (nominative plural)
konsonantu (genitive singular)
konsonantů (genitive plural)
konsonantu (dative singular)
konsonantům (dative plural)
konsonant (accusative singular)
konsonanty (accusative plural)
konsonante (singular vocative)
konsonanty (plural vocative)
konsonantu (locative singular)
konsonantech (locative plural)
konsonantem (instrumental singular)
konsonanty (instrumental plural)


konsonant

konsonant (indefinite nominative singular)
konsonanten (definite nominative singular)
konsonanter (indefinite nominative plural)
konsonanterne (definite nominative plural)
konsonants (genitive indefinite singular)
konsonantens (definite genitive singular)
konsonanters (genitive indefinite plural)
konsonanternes (definite genitive plural)


konsonant

konsonanten (definite singular)
konsonanter (indefinite plural)
konsonantene (definite plural)


konsonant

konsonanten (definite singular)
konsonantar (indefinite plural)
konsonantane (definite plural)


konsonant

sh-noun

konsònant m (Cyrillic spelling консо̀нант)

konsònant (canonical masculine)
консо̀нант (Cyrillic)
konsònant (nominative singular)
konsonanti (nominative plural)
konsonanta (genitive singular)
konsònanātā (genitive plural)
konsonantu (dative singular)
konsonantima (dative plural)
konsonant (accusative singular)
konsonante (accusative plural)
konsonante (singular vocative)
konsonanti (plural vocative)
konsonantu (locative singular)
konsonantima (locative plural)
konsonantom (instrumental singular)
konsonantima (instrumental plural)


konsonant

konsonant (indefinite nominative singular)
konsonants (genitive indefinite singular)
konsonanten (definite nominative singular)
konsonantens (definite genitive singular)
konsonanter (indefinite nominative plural)
konsonanters (genitive indefinite plural)
konsonanterna (definite nominative plural)
konsonanternas (definite genitive plural)


konsonant

head

konsonant (definite accusative konsonantı, plural konsonantlar)

konsonantı (accusative definite)
konsonantlar (plural)
konsonant (nominative singular)
konsonantlar (nominative plural)
konsonantı (accusative definite singular)
konsonantları (accusative definite plural)
konsonanta (dative singular)
konsonantlara (dative plural)
konsonantta (locative singular)
konsonantlarda (locative plural)
konsonanttan (ablative singular)
konsonantlardan (ablative plural)
konsonantın (genitive singular)
konsonantların (genitive plural)
konsonantım (first-person singular)
konsonantlarım (first-person singular)
konsonantsın (second-person singular)
konsonantlarsın (second-person singular)
konsonant (singular third-person)
konsonanttır (singular third-person)
konsonantlar (singular third-person)
konsonantlardır (singular third-person)
konsonantız (first-person plural)
konsonantlarız (first-person plural)
konsonantsınız (plural second-person)
konsonantlarsınız (plural second-person)
konsonantlar (plural third-person)
konsonantlardır (plural third-person)


konsonant

konsonant (nominative singular)
konsonantad (nominative plural)
konsonantan (accusative singular)
konsonantad (accusative plural)
konsonantan (genitive singular)
konsonantiden (genitive plural)
konsonantad (partitive singular)
konsonantid (partitive plural)
konsonantan (essive-instructive singular)
konsonantin (essive-instructive plural)
konsonantaks (singular translative)
konsonantikš (plural translative)
konsonantas (inessive singular)
konsonantiš (inessive plural)
konsonantaspäi (elative singular)
konsonantišpäi (elative plural)
konsonantaha (illative singular)
konsonantha (illative singular)
konsonantihe (illative plural)
konsonantal (adessive singular)
konsonantil (adessive plural)
konsonantalpäi (ablative singular)
konsonantilpäi (ablative plural)
konsonantale (allative singular)
konsonantile (allative plural)
konsonantata (abessive singular)
konsonantita (abessive plural)
konsonantanke (comitative singular)
konsonantidenke (comitative plural)
konsonantadme (prolative singular)
konsonantidme (plural prolative)
konsonantanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
konsonantidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
konsonantannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
konsonantidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
konsonantannopäi (egressive singular)
konsonantidennopäi (egressive plural)
konsonantahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
konsonanthasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
konsonantihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
konsonantalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
konsonantilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
konsonantassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
konsonantahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
konsonanthapäi (additive additive-i singular)
konsonantihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
konsonantalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
konsonantilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)


atonic

Coordinate term: subtonic

(phonetics, dated) A sound with lack of tone or vocality.


Reibelaut

de-noun

Reibelaut m (strong, genitive Reibelautes or Reibelauts, plural Reibelaute)

Reibelautes (genitive)
Reibelauts (genitive)
Reibelaute (plural)

[ˈʁaɪ̯bəˌlaʊ̯t]


rhotacism

en-noun

rhotacism (countable and uncountable, plural rhotacisms)

From New Latin rhōtacismus, from Ancient Greek *ῥωτακισμός (*rhōtakismós), from ῥωτακίζω (rhōtakízō, “to incorrectly use rho”), from ῥῶ (rhô, “rho (the Greek equivalent of r)”) in analogy with ἰωτακίζω (iōtakízō, “to incorrectly use iota”); itself from ἰῶτα (iôta) in analogy with ἀττικίζω (attikízō, “talk like an Athenian”). By surface analysis, rho + -tacism.

der

(countable, phonology) A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R; rhotacization.


lambdacism

en-noun

lambdacism (countable and uncountable, plural lambdacisms)

Borrowed from Latin lambdacismus. By surface analysis lambda + -cism (phenomenon related to a specific phoneme).

q

(phonology) A pronunciation shift whereby /l/ or other closely related phonemes are substituted for other sounds (typically /r/), as Sally for Sarah or Molly for Mary.


jamb

pl-noun

jamb m inan (related adjective jambiczny)

jambiczny (adjective)
jamb (nominative singular)
jamby (nominative plural)
jambu (genitive singular)
jambów (genitive plural)
jambowi (dative singular)
jambom (dative plural)
jamb (accusative singular)
jamby (accusative plural)
jambem (instrumental singular)
jambami (instrumental plural)
jambie (locative singular)
jambach (locative plural)
jambie (singular vocative)
jamby (plural vocative)

(poetry, prosody) iamb (metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable)


retract

en-verb

retract (third-person singular simple present retracts, present participle retracting, simple past and past participle retracted)

retracts (present singular third-person)
retracting (participle present)
retracted (participle past)
retracted (past)

From Late Middle English retracten, retract (“to absorb, draw in”), from Latin retractus (“withdrawn”), the perfect passive participle of Latin retrahō (“to draw or pull back, withdraw; to bring back; to compel to turn back; to recall; to get back, recover; to hold back, restrain, withhold; to remove, take away; to bring to light again; (Late Latin) to delay”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + trahō (“to drag, pull; to extract, withdraw”) (apparently ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ- (“to drag, pull (?)”), a variant of *dʰregʰ- (“to drag, pull; to run”)). Doublet of retreat.

der

(phonetics) To pronounce (a sound, especially a vowel) farther to the back of the vocal tract.

後移 /后移

to pronounce (a sound, especially a vowel) farther to the back of the vocal tract


sordo

es-adj

sordo (feminine sorda, masculine plural sordos, feminine plural sordas)

sorda (feminine)
sordos (masculine plural)
sordas (feminine plural)

sonoro

antonym(s) of “voiceless, as in a consonant”

Inherited from Old Spanish sordo, from Latin surdus, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“ringing, whistling”). Compare English surd.


checked

(phonology) Of syllables, having a coda.


preaspiration

/ˌpɹiːˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-preaspiration.wav

(phonetics) A period of voiceless breathing that precedes some consonants in some languages—a sort of mirror-image of aspiration.


llano

es-adj

llano (feminine llana, masculine plural llanos, feminine plural llanas)

llana (feminine)
llanos (masculine plural)
llanas (feminine plural)

→ Portuguese: lhano

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Inherited from Latin plānus. Compare the borrowed doublet plano. Cognate with Galician chan and Portuguese chão.

Coordinate term: agudo

(phonetics) paroxytone (penultimate accented)


syncope

en-noun

syncope (countable and uncountable, plural syncopes)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin syncopē, from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ), from συγκόπτω (sunkóptō, “cut up”) + -η (-ē, nominalization suffix), from σύν (sún, “beside, with”) + κόπτω (kóptō, “strike, cut off”).

lbor

Coordinate term: apocope

[…]; on the contrary, all syllables subject in the same way to elision, apocope, syncope, and slurring must have the same degree of stress (i.e. they must be alike unaccented) whether preceded by short or by long root-syllables.

1910, Jakob Schipper, A History of English Versification:

(linguistics, phonology, prosody) The elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable.


syncope

nl-noun

syncope f (plural syncopes, diminutive syncopetje n)

syncopes (plural)
syncopetje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ).

(linguistics, phonology, prosody) the loss or elision of a sound from the interior of a word (for example the change of Dutch veder in veer "feather"); syncope


syncope

bor+

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (sunkopḗ)


p-word

(phonology) prosodic word, phonological word.


retracted

My guess is that he substitutes a schwa sound for the retracted r in final position.

1987, Rex Burns, Suicide Season, Viking, →ISBN, page 109:

(phonetics, of a sound) Pronounced further back in the vocal tract.

hátrébb képzett

(phonetics) pronounced further back in the vocal tract


hard c

(phonetics) The "c" sound pronounced /k/, as in "cat" and "cabin", as distinct from the soft c, pronounced /s/, in "cent", "center" and "circuit".


soft c

In English, the "c" sound in "cent", "central" and "circuit" as distinct from the hard c in "cat" and "cabin".

In Italian, the "c" sound in "certo" as distinct from the "c" sound in "caffè".

(phonology) In many languages, a letter "c" which is not pronounced as a velar stop (/k/, like English "k") but as a sibilant (/s/, like English "s") or an affricative (/tʃ/, like English "ch").


गुरुत्व

gurutva (romanization)
गुरुत्व (direct singular)
गुरुत्व (direct plural)
गुरुत्व (oblique singular)
गुरुत्वों (oblique plural)
गुरुत्व (singular vocative)
गुरुत्वो (plural vocative)

/ɡʊ.ɾʊt̪.ʋə/

[ɡʊ.ɾʊt̪.wɐ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुरुत्व (gurutva). Equivalent to गुरु (guru) + -त्व (-tva).


soft g

(phonology) The "g" sound pronounced /dʒ/ as in "gem", "giraffe" and "generation" (or sometimes or /ʒ/ as in "genre"), as distinct from the hard g of "get" and "give".


hard g

Hard g at last found his cap and again became Hard G, after which the fight was renewed.

1882, H.M. Dickson, The Elocutionist..., p. 41

(phonetics) The plosive /g/ sound in "get", "log" and "give" as distinct from the soft g in "gem", "giraffe", "lodge" and "generation".


य

ya (romanization)
यः (nominative singular)
यौ (dual nominative)
या1 (dual nominative)
याः (nominative plural)
यासः1 (nominative plural)
य (singular vocative)
यौ (dual vocative)
या1 (dual vocative)
याः (plural vocative)
यासः1 (plural vocative)
यम् (accusative singular)
यौ (accusative dual)
या1 (accusative dual)
यान् (accusative plural)
येन (instrumental singular)
याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यैः (instrumental plural)
येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
याय (dative singular)
याभ्याम् (dative dual)
येभ्यः (dative plural)
यात् (ablative singular)
याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
येभ्यः (ablative plural)
यस्य (genitive singular)
ययोः (dual genitive)
यानाम् (genitive plural)
ये (locative singular)
ययोः (dual locative)
येषु (locative plural)


auki

From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognates include Finnish auki and Karelian auki.

Sloga ono auki, sentää ono vahva steeppeni kk (ka-lak-ka-han), ku sloga ono kiin (ka-la-kas), ni ono yks k, ono slaaboi steeppeni.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 55:

The syllable is open, therefore it has the strong grade kk (ka-lak-ka-han), when the syllable is closed (ka-la-kas), it thus has one k, it has the weak grade.


kar

az-adj

kar (comparative daha kar, superlative ən kar)

daha kar (comparative)
ən kar (superlative)

kar samitlər


(phonetics) A common ad hoc letter for a retroflex click, IPA ⟨ 𝼊 ⟩. The character U+203C is recommended for this use by Unicode and is supported by SIL fonts (e.g. proper placement of IPA diacritics).


bacchius

So called because used in hymns to Bacchus.

(prosody) A metrical foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones; according to some, two long and a short.


bacchic

en-adj

bacchic (comparative more bacchic, superlative most bacchic)

more bacchic (comparative)
most bacchic (superlative)


ráz

ráz (nominative singular)
rázy (nominative plural)
rázu (genitive singular)
rázů (genitive plural)
rázu (dative singular)
rázům (dative plural)
ráz (accusative singular)
rázy (accusative plural)
ráze (singular vocative)
rázy (plural vocative)
rázu (locative singular)
rázech (locative plural)
rázem (instrumental singular)
rázy (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech ráz, from Proto-Slavic *razъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from razit.


brevis

la-adj

brevis (neuter breve, comparative brevior, superlative brevissimus, adverb breviter); third-declension two-termination adjective

breve (neuter)
brevior (comparative)
brevissimus (superlative)
breviter (adverb)
brevis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
breve (neuter nominative singular)
brevēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
brevia (neuter nominative plural)
brevis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
brevium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
brevī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
brevibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
brevem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
breve (accusative neuter singular)
brevēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
brevīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
brevia (accusative neuter plural)
brevī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
brevibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
brevis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
breve (neuter singular vocative)
brevēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
brevia (neuter plural vocative)

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: brêve

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: breve

→ Romanian: brevă

desctree

Old French: brief, bref
Middle French: brief
French: bref
→ Middle English: bref, breef, breve, brefe, breefe
English: brief, breve
Scots: brief, brieve, breef, briefe

Old Occitan: breu
Occitan: brèu

Rhaeto-Romance

Romansch: brev, breav (Sutsilvan)

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: breve

Portuguese: breve

Old Spanish:

Spanish: breve

→ Dutch: breve

→ German: Breve

→ Proto-West Germanic: *brēf (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *breɣʷis, from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus. Cognates include Ancient Greek βραχύς (brakhús), English merry, Sanskrit मुहु (muhu).


Mora

Mora (genitive)
Moren (plural)
Mora (nominative singular)
Moren (definite nominative plural)
Mora (genitive singular)
Moren (definite genitive plural)
Mora (dative singular)
Moren (dative definite plural)
Mora (accusative singular)
Moren (accusative definite plural)


guttural

en-adj

guttural (comparative more guttural, superlative most guttural)

more guttural (comparative)
most guttural (superlative)

From Middle French guttural, from New Latin gutturālis, from Latin guttur (“throat”) + -ālis.

place of articulation
place of articulation

(phonetics) having a place of articulation towards the back of the mouth; in modern use, uvular, pharyngeal, or glottal; in earlier or non-technical use, also including velar.

гърлен

phonetics: articulated at the back of the mouth


čas

čas (nominative singular)
časy (dual nominative)
čěsi (nominative plural)
časové (nominative plural)
časa (genitive singular)
času (genitive singular)
časú (dual genitive)
časóv (genitive plural)
času (dative singular)
časoma (dative dual)
časóm (dative plural)
čas (accusative singular)
časy (accusative dual)
časy (accusative plural)
čěse (singular vocative)
časy (dual vocative)
čěsi (plural vocative)
časové (plural vocative)
čěsě (locative singular)
času (locative singular)
časú (dual locative)
čěsiech (locative plural)
časem (instrumental singular)
časoma (dual instrumental)
časy (instrumental plural)

Czech: čas

(phonology) weight; length of a syllable


syncopate

en-verb

syncopate (third-person singular simple present syncopates, present participle syncopating, simple past and past participle syncopated)

syncopates (present singular third-person)
syncopating (participle present)
syncopated (participle past)
syncopated (past)

From Medieval Latin syncopātus, past participle of syncopō, from Late Latin syncopa, from Ancient Greek σύν (sún, “with”) + κόπτω (kóptō, “cut”).

(transitive, linguistics, phonology) to omit a vocalic or consonantal sound or a syllable from a word; to use syncope


retroflex

en-adj

retroflex (comparative more retroflex, superlative most retroflex)

more retroflex (comparative)
most retroflex (superlative)

From Latin rētrōflexus, the perfect participle of rētrōflectō (“bend, turn”), from flectō (“bend, turn”).

apiko-postalveolar

of pronunciation in which the tongue tip approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge

lamino-postalveolar

of pronunciation in which the tongue blade approaches/touches the back of the alveolar ridge

(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or touches the palate.

subapiko-palatal

of pronunciation in which the tongue underside approaches/touches the palate

subapical palatal

of pronunciation with the tongue underside

(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.

(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.

(phonetics, general sense) Of any of the aforementioned pronunciations.


retroflex

spółgłoska apikalna zadziąsłowa

consonant pronounced with the tongue tip approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge

spółgłoska laminalna zadziąsłowa

consonant pronounced with the tongue blade approaching/touching the back of the alveolar ridge

(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the underside of the tongue approaching or touching the palate.

spółgłoska subapikalno-prepalatalna

consonant pronounced with the tongue underside approaching/touching the palate

(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the tip of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge.

(phonetics) A consonant pronounced with the blade of the tongue approaching or touching the back of the alveolar ridge.

(phonetics, general sense) Any of the aforementioned consonants.


retroflex

de-adj

retroflex (strong nominative masculine singular retroflexer, not comparable)

retroflexer (masculine nominative singular strong)
retroflex (masculine predicative singular)
retroflex (feminine predicative singular)
retroflex (neuter predicative singular)
retroflex (plural predicative)
retroflexer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
retroflexe (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
retroflexes (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
retroflexe (nominative plural strong without-article)
retroflexen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
retroflexer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
retroflexen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
retroflexer (genitive plural strong without-article)
retroflexem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
retroflexer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
retroflexem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
retroflexen (dative plural strong without-article)
retroflexen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
retroflexe (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
retroflexes (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
retroflexe (accusative plural strong without-article)
der retroflexe (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die retroflexe (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das retroflexe (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die retroflexen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des retroflexen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der retroflexen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des retroflexen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der retroflexen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem retroflexen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der retroflexen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem retroflexen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den retroflexen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den retroflexen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die retroflexe (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das retroflexe (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die retroflexen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein retroflexer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine retroflexe (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein retroflexes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
retroflexen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine retroflexen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines retroflexen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer retroflexen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines retroflexen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
retroflexen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner retroflexen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem retroflexen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer retroflexen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem retroflexen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
retroflexen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen retroflexen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen retroflexen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine retroflexe (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein retroflexes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
retroflexen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine retroflexen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)


pada

There were quatrains and broken verses and entire poems. There were padas that she had started and scratched out.

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 79:

(Sanskrit prosody) The basic metric unit of Vedic poetry, consisting of one line of verse in Sanskrit, typically as part of a four-line stanza.


lene

Anglicisation of Latin lēnis. Doublet of lenis.

(phonetics) The smooth breathing (spiritus lenis).

When in a crasis, a lene consonant […] is combined with an aspirated vowel, the lene is always changed (except in the Ionic dialect) into the corresponding aspirate […]

(phonetics) A voiceless, or unaspirated, stopped consonant, such as Greek pi, kappa, or tau.


pin-pen merger

Before we get to those, however, let us consider how we might discover a vowel merger taking place (and most work in this area has been on vowel merger or on conditioned vowel mergers, such as the pin–pen merger in the US south or the pool–pull merger in Utah, discussed below).

2011, Scott F. Kiesling, Linguistic Variation and Change, page 141:

(phonology) A phonemic merger where the vowels in "pin" and "pen" are pronounced the same before /n/ and /m/, making "pin" and "pen" homonyms.


muet

fr-adj

muet (feminine muette, masculine plural muets, feminine plural muettes)

muette (feminine)
muets (masculine plural)
muettes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French mut, muet, from Old French mu, mut, mui, from Latin mūtus, of Proto-Indo-European origin.

« Le » et « la » deviennent « l’ » devant une voyelle ou un « h » muet.

Le and la become l' before a vowel or a silent "h".


губной

ru-adj

губно́й • (gubnój)

губно́й (canonical)
gubnój (romanization)
губно́й (masculine nominative)
губно́е (neuter nominative)
губна́я (feminine nominative)
губны́е (nominative plural)
губно́го (genitive masculine neuter)
губно́й (feminine genitive)
губны́х (genitive plural)
губно́му (dative masculine neuter)
губно́й (dative feminine)
губны́м (dative plural)
губно́го (accusative animate masculine)
губно́е (accusative neuter)
губну́ю (accusative feminine)
губны́х (accusative animate plural)
губно́й (accusative inanimate masculine)
губны́е (accusative inanimate plural)
губны́м (instrumental masculine neuter)
губно́й (feminine instrumental)
губно́ю (feminine instrumental)
губны́ми (instrumental plural)
губно́м (masculine neuter prepositional)
губно́й (feminine prepositional)
губны́х (plural prepositional)


polvi

polvi (nominative singular)
polvet (nominative plural)
polvi (accusative nominative singular)
polvet (accusative nominative plural)
polven (accusative genitive singular)
polvet (accusative genitive plural)
polven (genitive singular)
polvien (genitive plural)
polvea (partitive singular)
polvia (partitive plural)
polvessa (inessive singular)
polvissa (inessive plural)
polvesta (elative singular)
polvista (elative plural)
polveen (illative singular)
polviin (illative plural)
polvella (adessive singular)
polvilla (adessive plural)
polvelta (ablative singular)
polvilta (ablative plural)
polvelle (allative singular)
polville (allative plural)
polvena (essive singular)
polvina (essive plural)
polveksi (singular translative)
polviksi (plural translative)
polvetta (abessive singular)
polvitta (abessive plural)
polvin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
polveni (nominative singular)
polveni (nominative plural)
polveni (accusative nominative singular)
polveni (accusative nominative plural)
polveni (accusative genitive singular)
polveni (accusative genitive plural)
polveni (genitive singular)
polvieni (genitive plural)
polveani (partitive singular)
polviani (partitive plural)
polvessani (inessive singular)
polvissani (inessive plural)
polvestani (elative singular)
polvistani (elative plural)
polveeni (illative singular)
polviini (illative plural)
polvellani (adessive singular)
polvillani (adessive plural)
polveltani (ablative singular)
polviltani (ablative plural)
polvelleni (allative singular)
polvilleni (allative plural)
polvenani (essive singular)
polvinani (essive plural)
polvekseni (singular translative)
polvikseni (plural translative)
polvettani (abessive singular)
polvittani (abessive plural)
polvineni (comitative plural)
polvesi (nominative singular)
polvesi (nominative plural)
polvesi (accusative nominative singular)
polvesi (accusative nominative plural)
polvesi (accusative genitive singular)
polvesi (accusative genitive plural)
polvesi (genitive singular)
polviesi (genitive plural)
polveasi (partitive singular)
polviasi (partitive plural)
polvessasi (inessive singular)
polvissasi (inessive plural)
polvestasi (elative singular)
polvistasi (elative plural)
polveesi (illative singular)
polviisi (illative plural)
polvellasi (adessive singular)
polvillasi (adessive plural)
polveltasi (ablative singular)
polviltasi (ablative plural)
polvellesi (allative singular)
polvillesi (allative plural)
polvenasi (essive singular)
polvinasi (essive plural)
polveksesi (singular translative)
polviksesi (plural translative)
polvettasi (abessive singular)
polvittasi (abessive plural)
polvinesi (comitative plural)
polvemme (nominative singular)
polvemme (nominative plural)
polvemme (accusative nominative singular)
polvemme (accusative nominative plural)
polvemme (accusative genitive singular)
polvemme (accusative genitive plural)
polvemme (genitive singular)
polviemme (genitive plural)
polveamme (partitive singular)
polviamme (partitive plural)
polvessamme (inessive singular)
polvissamme (inessive plural)
polvestamme (elative singular)
polvistamme (elative plural)
polveemme (illative singular)
polviimme (illative plural)
polvellamme (adessive singular)
polvillamme (adessive plural)
polveltamme (ablative singular)
polviltamme (ablative plural)
polvellemme (allative singular)
polvillemme (allative plural)
polvenamme (essive singular)
polvinamme (essive plural)
polveksemme (singular translative)
polviksemme (plural translative)
polvettamme (abessive singular)
polvittamme (abessive plural)
polvinemme (comitative plural)
polvenne (nominative singular)
polvenne (nominative plural)
polvenne (accusative nominative singular)
polvenne (accusative nominative plural)
polvenne (accusative genitive singular)
polvenne (accusative genitive plural)
polvenne (genitive singular)
polvienne (genitive plural)
polveanne (partitive singular)
polvianne (partitive plural)
polvessanne (inessive singular)
polvissanne (inessive plural)
polvestanne (elative singular)
polvistanne (elative plural)
polveenne (illative singular)
polviinne (illative plural)
polvellanne (adessive singular)
polvillanne (adessive plural)
polveltanne (ablative singular)
polviltanne (ablative plural)
polvellenne (allative singular)
polvillenne (allative plural)
polvenanne (essive singular)
polvinanne (essive plural)
polveksenne (singular translative)
polviksenne (plural translative)
polvettanne (abessive singular)
polvittanne (abessive plural)
polvinenne (comitative plural)
polvensa (nominative singular)
polvensa (nominative plural)
polvensa (accusative nominative singular)
polvensa (accusative nominative plural)
polvensa (accusative genitive singular)
polvensa (accusative genitive plural)
polvensa (genitive singular)
polviensa (genitive plural)
polveaan (partitive singular)
polveansa (partitive singular)
polviaan (partitive plural)
polviansa (partitive plural)
polvessaan (inessive singular)
polvessansa (inessive singular)
polvissaan (inessive plural)
polvissansa (inessive plural)
polvestaan (elative singular)
polvestansa (elative singular)
polvistaan (elative plural)
polvistansa (elative plural)
polveensa (illative singular)
polviinsa (illative plural)
polvellaan (adessive singular)
polvellansa (adessive singular)
polvillaan (adessive plural)
polvillansa (adessive plural)
polveltaan (ablative singular)
polveltansa (ablative singular)
polviltaan (ablative plural)
polviltansa (ablative plural)
polvelleen (allative singular)
polvellensa (allative singular)
polvilleen (allative plural)
polvillensa (allative plural)
polvenaan (essive singular)
polvenansa (essive singular)
polvinaan (essive plural)
polvinansa (essive plural)
polvekseen (singular translative)
polveksensa (singular translative)
polvikseen (plural translative)
polviksensa (plural translative)
polvettaan (abessive singular)
polvettansa (abessive singular)
polvittaan (abessive plural)
polvittansa (abessive plural)
polvineen (comitative plural)
polvinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *polvi, from Proto-Uralic *polwe. Cognate of Estonian põlv, Ter Sami puvvl, Erzya пуляза (puľaza), куманжа (kumanža) and Moksha пълманжа (pəlmanža).

nelipolvinen trokee


diaphone

From dia- + phone (i.e., dia(lect) + phone).

(phonology) A particular dialectal variant of a phoneme; all the dialectal variants of a phoneme, considered as a whole.


æ-tensing

(phonology) a process that occurs almost ubiquitously in North American English in which the phoneme /æ/ is raised and lengthened or diphthongized in certain or all environments.


bad-lad split

(phonology) a phonemic split of the phoneme /æ/ into a short /æ/ and a long /æː/, as heard in some varieties of British and Australian English, in which "bad" is pronounced /bæːd/ and "lad" is pronounced /læd/


ʞ

(superscript ⟨𐞾⟩, IPA) [ʞ]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ʞ]-release.

A minus diacritic, [ʞ᫢], may be used to distinguish a uvular release.

(phonetics) A back-released click consonant (voiceless nasal, with a velar or uvular release).

ʞ=deep guttural k.

1892, Franz Boas, Notes on the Chemakum Language, in American Anthropologist

(phonetics, obsolete) A voiceless uvular stop ([q])


implodent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-implodent.wav


implosive

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-implosive.wav

(phonetics) An implosive sound; an implodent.


fronting

en-noun

fronting (countable and uncountable, plural frontings)

(phonetics, phonology) A process whereby a vowel or a consonant is pronounced farther to the front of the vocal tract than some reference point.

(phonology) A phonological relationship where a front vowel is found in place of a relative back vowel in an inflected form of a word.


wild card

(phonetics, phonology) Alternative form of wildcard (“symbol for a generic sound”)


stumm

de-adj

stumm (strong nominative masculine singular stummer, comparative stummer, superlative am stummsten)

stummer (masculine nominative singular strong)
stummer (comparative)
am stummsten (superlative)
stumm (masculine predicative singular)
stumm (feminine predicative singular)
stumm (neuter predicative singular)
stumm (plural predicative)
stummer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
stumme (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
stummes (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
stumme (nominative plural strong without-article)
stummen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
stummer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
stummen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
stummer (genitive plural strong without-article)
stummem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
stummer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
stummem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
stummen (dative plural strong without-article)
stummen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
stumme (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
stummes (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
stumme (accusative plural strong without-article)
der stumme (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die stumme (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das stumme (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die stummen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des stummen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der stummen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des stummen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der stummen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem stummen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der stummen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem stummen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den stummen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den stummen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die stumme (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das stumme (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die stummen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein stummer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine stumme (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein stummes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
stummen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine stummen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines stummen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer stummen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines stummen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
stummen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner stummen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem stummen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer stummen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem stummen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
stummen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen stummen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen stummen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine stumme (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein stummes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
stummen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine stummen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
stummer (comparative masculine predicative singular)
stummer (comparative feminine predicative singular)
stummer (comparative neuter predicative singular)
stummer (comparative plural predicative)
stummerer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
stummere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
stummeres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
stummere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
stummeren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
stummerer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
stummeren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
stummerer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
stummerem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
stummerer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
stummerem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
stummeren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
stummeren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
stummere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
stummeres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
stummere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der stummere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die stummere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das stummere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die stummeren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des stummeren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der stummeren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des stummeren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der stummeren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem stummeren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der stummeren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem stummeren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den stummeren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den stummeren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die stummere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das stummere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die stummeren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein stummerer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine stummere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein stummeres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
stummeren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine stummeren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines stummeren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer stummeren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines stummeren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
stummeren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner stummeren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem stummeren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer stummeren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem stummeren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
stummeren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen stummeren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen stummeren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine stummere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein stummeres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
stummeren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine stummeren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am stummsten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am stummsten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am stummsten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am stummsten (plural predicative superlative)
stummster (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
stummste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
stummstes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
stummste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
stummsten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
stummster (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
stummsten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
stummster (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
stummstem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
stummster (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
stummstem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
stummsten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
stummsten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
stummste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
stummstes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
stummste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der stummste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die stummste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das stummste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die stummsten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des stummsten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der stummsten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des stummsten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der stummsten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem stummsten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der stummsten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem stummsten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den stummsten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den stummsten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die stummste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das stummste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die stummsten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein stummster (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine stummste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein stummstes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
stummsten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine stummsten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines stummsten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer stummsten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines stummsten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
stummsten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner stummsten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem stummsten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer stummsten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem stummsten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
stummsten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen stummsten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen stummsten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine stummste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein stummstes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
stummsten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine stummsten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)

From Middle High German stum, from Old High German stum, from Proto-West Germanic *stumm. Cognate with Dutch stom.

Das h im englischen Wort „honour“ ist stumm.

The h in the English word “honour” is silent.

Das h im deutschen Wort „leihen“ ist stumm.

The h in the German word “leihen” (to borrow) is silent.

(phonetics, orthography) mute; silent (unpronounced)


avanzato

it-adj

avanzato (feminine avanzata, masculine plural avanzati, feminine plural avanzate, superlative avanzatissimo)

avanzata (feminine)
avanzati (masculine plural)
avanzate (feminine plural)
avanzatissimo (superlative)


兒化

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (兒化):
* → Korean: 아화(兒化) (ahwa)
* → Vietnamese: nhi hóa (兒化)

→ English: erhua

→ Japanese: 児(ある)化(か) (aruka)

→ Zhuang: wzva

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/jiː²¹ faː³³/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/jiː²¹ faː³³/

(Chinese phonetics) erhua (to undergo erhua; to have the 兒-sound (/ɻ/, /n/, /ŋ/) added to syllables to form diminutives)


attaque

→ English: attack

→ German: Attacke

→ Polish: atak

→ Romanian: atac


paino

paino (nominative singular)
painot (nominative plural)
paino (accusative nominative singular)
painot (accusative nominative plural)
painon (accusative genitive singular)
painot (accusative genitive plural)
painon (genitive singular)
painojen (genitive plural)
painoa (partitive singular)
painoja (partitive plural)
painossa (inessive singular)
painoissa (inessive plural)
painosta (elative singular)
painoista (elative plural)
painoon (illative singular)
painoihin (illative plural)
painolla (adessive singular)
painoilla (adessive plural)
painolta (ablative singular)
painoilta (ablative plural)
painolle (allative singular)
painoille (allative plural)
painona (essive singular)
painoina (essive plural)
painoksi (singular translative)
painoiksi (plural translative)
painotta (abessive singular)
painoitta (abessive plural)
painoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
painoni (nominative singular)
painoni (nominative plural)
painoni (accusative nominative singular)
painoni (accusative nominative plural)
painoni (accusative genitive singular)
painoni (accusative genitive plural)
painoni (genitive singular)
painojeni (genitive plural)
painoani (partitive singular)
painojani (partitive plural)
painossani (inessive singular)
painoissani (inessive plural)
painostani (elative singular)
painoistani (elative plural)
painooni (illative singular)
painoihini (illative plural)
painollani (adessive singular)
painoillani (adessive plural)
painoltani (ablative singular)
painoiltani (ablative plural)
painolleni (allative singular)
painoilleni (allative plural)
painonani (essive singular)
painoinani (essive plural)
painokseni (singular translative)
painoikseni (plural translative)
painottani (abessive singular)
painoittani (abessive plural)
painoineni (comitative plural)
painosi (nominative singular)
painosi (nominative plural)
painosi (accusative nominative singular)
painosi (accusative nominative plural)
painosi (accusative genitive singular)
painosi (accusative genitive plural)
painosi (genitive singular)
painojesi (genitive plural)
painoasi (partitive singular)
painojasi (partitive plural)
painossasi (inessive singular)
painoissasi (inessive plural)
painostasi (elative singular)
painoistasi (elative plural)
painoosi (illative singular)
painoihisi (illative plural)
painollasi (adessive singular)
painoillasi (adessive plural)
painoltasi (ablative singular)
painoiltasi (ablative plural)
painollesi (allative singular)
painoillesi (allative plural)
painonasi (essive singular)
painoinasi (essive plural)
painoksesi (singular translative)
painoiksesi (plural translative)
painottasi (abessive singular)
painoittasi (abessive plural)
painoinesi (comitative plural)
painomme (nominative singular)
painomme (nominative plural)
painomme (accusative nominative singular)
painomme (accusative nominative plural)
painomme (accusative genitive singular)
painomme (accusative genitive plural)
painomme (genitive singular)
painojemme (genitive plural)
painoamme (partitive singular)
painojamme (partitive plural)
painossamme (inessive singular)
painoissamme (inessive plural)
painostamme (elative singular)
painoistamme (elative plural)
painoomme (illative singular)
painoihimme (illative plural)
painollamme (adessive singular)
painoillamme (adessive plural)
painoltamme (ablative singular)
painoiltamme (ablative plural)
painollemme (allative singular)
painoillemme (allative plural)
painonamme (essive singular)
painoinamme (essive plural)
painoksemme (singular translative)
painoiksemme (plural translative)
painottamme (abessive singular)
painoittamme (abessive plural)
painoinemme (comitative plural)
painonne (nominative singular)
painonne (nominative plural)
painonne (accusative nominative singular)
painonne (accusative nominative plural)
painonne (accusative genitive singular)
painonne (accusative genitive plural)
painonne (genitive singular)
painojenne (genitive plural)
painoanne (partitive singular)
painojanne (partitive plural)
painossanne (inessive singular)
painoissanne (inessive plural)
painostanne (elative singular)
painoistanne (elative plural)
painoonne (illative singular)
painoihinne (illative plural)
painollanne (adessive singular)
painoillanne (adessive plural)
painoltanne (ablative singular)
painoiltanne (ablative plural)
painollenne (allative singular)
painoillenne (allative plural)
painonanne (essive singular)
painoinanne (essive plural)
painoksenne (singular translative)
painoiksenne (plural translative)
painottanne (abessive singular)
painoittanne (abessive plural)
painoinenne (comitative plural)
painonsa (nominative singular)
painonsa (nominative plural)
painonsa (accusative nominative singular)
painonsa (accusative nominative plural)
painonsa (accusative genitive singular)
painonsa (accusative genitive plural)
painonsa (genitive singular)
painojensa (genitive plural)
painoaan (partitive singular)
painoansa (partitive singular)
painojaan (partitive plural)
painojansa (partitive plural)
painossaan (inessive singular)
painossansa (inessive singular)
painoissaan (inessive plural)
painoissansa (inessive plural)
painostaan (elative singular)
painostansa (elative singular)
painoistaan (elative plural)
painoistansa (elative plural)
painoonsa (illative singular)
painoihinsa (illative plural)
painollaan (adessive singular)
painollansa (adessive singular)
painoillaan (adessive plural)
painoillansa (adessive plural)
painoltaan (ablative singular)
painoltansa (ablative singular)
painoiltaan (ablative plural)
painoiltansa (ablative plural)
painolleen (allative singular)
painollensa (allative singular)
painoilleen (allative plural)
painoillensa (allative plural)
painonaan (essive singular)
painonansa (essive singular)
painoinaan (essive plural)
painoinansa (essive plural)
painokseen (singular translative)
painoksensa (singular translative)
painoikseen (plural translative)
painoiksensa (plural translative)
painottaan (abessive singular)
painottansa (abessive singular)
painoittaan (abessive plural)
painoittansa (abessive plural)
painoineen (comitative plural)
painoinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *paino, equivalent to painaa (“to press, push; to weigh”) + -o


paino

paino (nominative singular)
painot (nominative plural)
painon (genitive singular)
painoin (genitive plural)
painoloin (genitive plural)
painoa (partitive singular)
painoja (partitive plural)
painoloja (partitive plural)
painoo (illative singular)
painoi (illative plural)
painoloihe (illative plural)
painoos (inessive singular)
painois (inessive plural)
painolois (inessive plural)
painost (elative singular)
painoist (elative plural)
painoloist (elative plural)
painolle (allative singular)
painoille (allative plural)
painoloille (allative plural)
painool (adessive singular)
painoil (adessive plural)
painoloil (adessive plural)
painolt (ablative singular)
painoilt (ablative plural)
painoloilt (ablative plural)
painoks (singular translative)
painoiks (plural translative)
painoloiks (plural translative)
painonna (essive singular)
painoon (essive singular)
painoinna (essive plural)
painoloinna (essive plural)
painoin (essive plural)
painoloin (essive plural)
painont (exessive singular)
painoint (exessive plural)
painoloint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *paino, equivalent to painaa (“to push”) + -o. Akin to Finnish paino.

Ilman painoa ollaa sanan toin ja viimäin sloga.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 10:

Without stress are the second and the final syllable.


amphibrach

From Latin amphibrachys, from Ancient Greek ἀμφίβραχυς (amphíbrakhus, “short at both ends”), from ἀμφί (amphí) + βραχύς (brakhús, “short”).

uder

(prosody) A metrical foot in ancient Greek or Latin consisting of two short syllables surrounding one long one (e.g. amāta).

Then Banoffsky launched into Glinka's great amphibrachs [...]: Subside, agitation of passion!

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin 2011, page 322:

(prosody) A metrical foot in modern prosody, consisting of three syllables, the middle one of which is stressed (e.g. Jamaica).


metrical foot

(prosody) The basic unit of the underlying rhythm of verse.


sourd

fr-adj

sourd (feminine sourde, masculine plural sourds, feminine plural sourdes)

sourde (feminine)
sourds (masculine plural)
sourdes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French sourd, from Old French sourt, sord, surt, surz, from Latin surdus, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“ringing, whistling”).


footed

en-adj

footed (comparative more footed, superlative most footed)

more footed (comparative)
most footed (superlative)

From Middle English foted, i-foted, equivalent to foot + -ed.

2003, Tony K. Stewart, Introduction to Rabindranath Tagore, The Lover of God, Port Townsend, WA: Copper Canyon Press, p. 12,
As for the strict forms in which the original poems were written, it seemed an empty exercise to force English into those particular strictures, which in Bengali literary tradition are richly associative but which in English are not. The familiar fourteen-syllable payār couplet with its aa bb cc rhymes and the more intricate three-footed tripadi of variable length and rhyme were the first casualties of the process.

each six-footed line of the verse

(prosody, usually in combination) Consisting of, or having been put into, metrical feet (of a specified character or number).


prevocalic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-prevocalic.wav

The word "an" is the prevocalic form of the word "a".

(phonetics) Immediately preceding a vowel or vowel sound


noyau

Backformed from Old French noyaus, plural of noyal, from Late Latin nucālis, from Latin nux.

(phonetics, phonology) nucleus of a syllable