quitrent

quitrents (plural)
quit rent (alternative)
quit-rent (alternative)

(law, taxation) A rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quit (absolved) from other service.

բահրա

a rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quit (absolved) from other service


quota

(business, economics) A restriction on the import of something to a specific quantity.


deflate

en-verb

deflate (third-person singular simple present deflates, present participle deflating, simple past and past participle deflated)

deflates (present singular third-person)
deflating (participle present)
deflated (participle past)
deflated (past)

From de- + (in)flate. Coined in 1891, in reference to balloons. Equivalent to Latin dē- (“away, from”) + Latin flō (“blow”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(transitive, economics) To reduce the amount of available currency or credit and thus lower prices.


tubo

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tubuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubuq, from Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq.


عين

ar-noun

عَيْن • (ʕayn) f (dual عَيْنَان (ʕaynān), plural عُيُون (ʕuyūn) or أَعْيُن (ʔaʕyun))

عَيْن (canonical)
ʕayn (romanization)
عَيْنَان (dual)
عُيُون (plural)
أَعْيُن (plural)
عَيْن (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَيْن (definite informal singular triptote)
عَيْن (construct informal singular triptote)
عَيْنٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَيْنُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَيْنُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
عَيْنًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَيْنَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَيْنَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
عَيْنٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَيْنِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
عَيْنِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
عَيْنَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَيْنَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
عَيْنَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
عَيْنَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَيْنَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
عَيْنَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
عَيْنَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَيْنَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
عَيْنَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
عَيْنَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَيْنَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
عَيْنَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
عُيُون (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
أَعْيُن (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْعُيُون (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الْأَعْيُن (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
عُيُون (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَعْيُن (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
عُيُونٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
أَعْيُنٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْعُيُونُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَعْيُنُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
عُيُونُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَعْيُنُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
عُيُونًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
أَعْيُنًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْعُيُونَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
الْأَعْيُنَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
عُيُونَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَعْيُنَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
عُيُونٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
أَعْيُنٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْعُيُونِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
الْأَعْيُنِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
عُيُونِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)
أَعْيُنِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

Algerian Arabic: عين (ʕīn)

Egyptian Arabic: عين (ʕēn)

Gulf Arabic: عين (ʕēn)

Libyan Arabic: عين (ʕīn, ʕēn)

Maltese: għajn

Moroccan Arabic: عين (ʕayn, ʕīn)

North Levantine Arabic: عين (ʕayn, ʕēn)

South Levantine Arabic: عين (ʕēn)

Tunisian Arabic: عين (ʕīn)

→ Classical Persian: عَیْن (ayn)

Tajik: айн (ayn)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ऐन (ain)

Urdu: عَین ('ain)

→ Malay: عين (ain)

From Proto-Semitic *ʕayn-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʿayVn-. Synchronically from the root ع ي ن (ʕ y n).

ar-root

ع ي ن (ʕ y n)

(economics) what has monetary value except money.


roll

en-verb

roll (third-person singular simple present rolls, present participle rolling, simple past and past participle rolled)

rolls (present singular third-person)
rolling (participle present)
rolled (participle past)
rolled (past)

From Middle English rollen, partly from Old French roller, roler, röeler, röoler, from Medieval Latin rotulāre (“to roll; to revolve”), from Latin rotula (“a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”); partly from Anglo-Latin rollāre, from the same ultimate source.

rol

to move, or cause to be moved, upon rollers or small wheels

Containers will be rolled to another mother vessel.

(intransitive, shipping) To load ocean freight cargo onto a vessel other than the one it was meant to sail on.


reaction

reactions (plural)
reäction (alternative rare)

Inherited from Middle English reaccion, from Old French reaction, from Latin reāctiō, from the verb reagō, from re- (“again”) + agō (“to act”); more at re-, action; equivalent to react + -ion.

(Misesian praxeology, Austrian economics) Unpurposeful behavior.


industry

en-noun

industry (countable and uncountable, plural industries)

From Middle English industry, industrie, from Old French industrie, from Latin industria (“diligence, activity, industry”), from industrius (“diligent, active, zealous”), from Old Latin indostruus (“diligent, active”); origin unknown. Perhaps from indu (“in”) + ūst-, ūstr-, stem of ūrō (“burn, burn up, consume”, verb), related to Old High German ūstrī (“industry”), Old English andūstrian (“to hate, detest”, literally “to be consumed with zeal”).

cog

The software and tourism industries continue to grow, while the steel industry remains troubled.

The steel industry has long used blast furnaces to smelt iron.

Long before popular music evolved its many genres and subgenres, the industry was driven by a simple one-size-fits-all philosophy uncomplicated by impassioned debates over the origins of trip hop or the difference between deatchore and screamo.

2012, Christoper Zara, Tortured Artists: From Picasso and Monroe to Warhol and Winehouse, the Twisted Secrets of the World's Most Creative Minds, part 1, chapter 2, 51:

Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms. Those that want to borrow are matched with those that want to lend.

2013 June 1, “End of the peer show”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 71:

(countable, business, economics) Businesses of the same type, considered as a whole. Trade.

But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tilemakers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:

(uncountable, economics) Businesses that produce goods as opposed to services.

There used to be a lot of industry around here, but now the economy depends on tourism.

[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

(in the singular, economics) The sector of the economy consisting of large-scale enterprises.


divisa

From dividere, influenced by French devise.


transfer

transfer (nominative singular)
transfery (nominative plural)
transferu (genitive singular)
transferów (genitive plural)
transferowi (dative singular)
transferom (dative plural)
transfer (accusative singular)
transfery (accusative plural)
transferem (instrumental singular)
transferami (instrumental plural)
transferze (locative singular)
transferach (locative plural)
transferze (singular vocative)
transfery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English transfer, French transfert, German Transfer, ultimately from Latin trānsferō.

(economics) transfer (payment to an individual or institution that does not arise out of current productive activity)


hyperinflation

Even though ten years elapsed between the German hyperinflation of 1923 and the seizure of power by Hitler, it is often suggested that the two events are causally related.

1985, Leon N. Lindberg, Charles S. Maier, Brian M. Barry, The Politics of inflation and economic stagnation, page 74:

Only inconvertible paper currencies can be expanded rapidly without limit to generate hyperinflation.

1987, Philip Cagan, “Hyperinflation”, in The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics:

When hyperinflation peaked, wheelbarrows full of money were required to shop for groceries.

2004, John Barkley Rosser, Marina V. Rosser, Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy, page 236:

(economics) A very high rate of inflation.


hyperinflation

hyperinflation (indefinite nominative singular)
hyperinflations (genitive indefinite singular)
hyperinflationen (definite nominative singular)
hyperinflationens (definite genitive singular)


consumer

This new system favours the consumer over the producer.

Almost two-thirds of American consumers have at least one unspent gift card tucked away in a drawer, pocket, wallet or purse.

2023 February 23, Parija Kavilanz, “Americans have a collective $21 billion in unspent gift cards”, in CNN:

A second estimate of gross domestic product, released Thursday, showed that consumer spending was weaker in the first three months of the year than initially reported.

2024 May 30, Bryan Mena and Nathaniel Meyersohn, “The American shopping spree is losing steam”, in CNN:

(economics) Someone who trades money for goods or services as an individual.


demand

en-noun

demand (countable and uncountable, plural demands)

demands (plural)
demaund (alternative obsolete)
demaunde (alternative obsolete)

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *dē
Latin dē
Latin dē-
Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂-der.
Proto-Italic *manus
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tder.
Proto-Italic *-ðō
Proto-Italic *manuðō
Latin mandō
Latin dēmandō
Old French demanderbor.
Middle English demaunden
English demand
From late Middle English demaunden, from Old French demander, from Latin dēmandō, dēmandāre.

etymon

(economics) The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing to buy at a particular price.

պահանջարկ

economics: amount a consumer is willing to buy at a particular price


competitive advantage

en-noun

competitive advantage (plural competitive advantages)

(economics, business) An attribute that allows a company or a person to outperform competitors.


return

return (countable and uncountable, plural returns)

returns (plural)
returne (alternative obsolete)
retvrn (alternative Internet)

From Middle English returnen, retornen, from Anglo-Norman returner, from Old French retourner, retorner, from Medieval Latin retornare (“to turn back”), from re- + tornare (“to turn”). Compare beturn.

der

Hand in your return within 90 days of the end of the tax year.

(taxation, finance) A report of income submitted to a government for purposes of specifying exact tax payment amounts; a tax return.


inferior

en-adj

inferior (comparative more inferior, superlative most inferior)

more inferior (comparative)
most inferior (superlative)
inferiour (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin īnferior (“lower in situation or place”), comparative of īnferus (“below, underneath”).

bor

(with to) Lower in rank, status, or quality.

(economics) Denoting goods or services which are in greater demand during a recession than in a boom, for example second-hand clothes.


firm

From Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm (by signature)”), from firmus (“firm, stable”). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously with German Firma (“business, name of business”). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which. Doublet of dharma and dhamma. Other cognates include Russian держать (deržatʹ, “to hold”).

der

Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms.[…]Banks and credit-card firms are kept out of the picture. Talk to enough people in the field and someone is bound to mention the “democratisation of finance”.

(business, economics) A business enterprise, however organized.


circular

pt-verb

circular (first-person singular present circulo, first-person singular preterite circulei, past participle circulado)

circulo (first-person present singular)
circulei (first-person preterite singular)
circulado (participle past)
circular (impersonal infinitive)
circular (first-person infinitive singular)
circulares (infinitive second-person singular)
circular (infinitive singular third-person)
circularmos (first-person infinitive plural)
circulardes (infinitive plural second-person)
circularem (infinitive plural third-person)
circulando (gerund)
circulado (masculine participle past singular)
circulados (masculine participle past plural)
circulada (feminine participle past singular)
circuladas (feminine participle past plural)
circulo (first-person indicative present singular)
circulas (indicative present second-person singular)
circula (indicative present singular third-person)
circulamos (first-person indicative plural present)
circulais (indicative plural present second-person)
circulam (indicative plural present third-person)
circulava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
circulavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
circulava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
circulávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
circuláveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
circulavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
circulei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
circulaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
circulou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
circulamos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
circulámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
circulastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
circularam (indicative plural preterite third-person)
circulara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
circularas (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
circulara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
circuláramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
circuláreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
circularam (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
circularei (first-person future indicative singular)
circularás (future indicative second-person singular)
circulará (future indicative singular third-person)
circularemos (first-person future indicative plural)
circulareis (future indicative plural second-person)
circularão (future indicative plural third-person)
circularia (conditional first-person singular)
circularias (conditional second-person singular)
circularia (conditional singular third-person)
circularíamos (conditional first-person plural)
circularíeis (conditional plural second-person)
circulariam (conditional plural third-person)
circule (first-person present singular subjunctive)
circules (present second-person singular subjunctive)
circule (present singular subjunctive third-person)
circulemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
circuleis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
circulem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
circulasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
circulasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
circulasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
circulássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
circulásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
circulassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
circular (first-person future singular subjunctive)
circulares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
circular (future singular subjunctive third-person)
circularmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
circulardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
circularem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
circula (imperative second-person singular)
circule (imperative singular third-person)
circulemos (first-person imperative plural)
circulai (imperative plural second-person)
circulem (imperative plural third-person)
não circules (imperative negative second-person singular)
não circule (imperative negative singular third-person)
não circulemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não circuleis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não circulem (imperative negative plural third-person)

Borrowed from Latin circulāre (“to make round”), post-Augustan form of Latin circulārī.

O euro deixará de circular no Reino Unido.

The euro will no longer circulate in the United Kingdom.

(intransitive) to circulate; to be disseminated; to be spread; to go around

(economics) to circulate (to be valid as currency)


surrogate

→ Dutch: surrogaat

From Latin surrogātus, perfect passive participle of surrogō (“ask”); a variant of subrogō, from sub (“under”) + rogō (“ask”).


utility

en-noun

utility (countable and uncountable, plural utilities)

From Middle English utilite, from Old French utilite, utilitet (“usefulness”), from Latin ūtilitās, from uti (“to use”). By surface analysis, utile + -ity.

(economics) The ability of a commodity to satisfy needs or wants; the satisfaction experienced by the consumer of that commodity.

užitek

economics: ability of a commodity to satisfy needs or wants


debtor

From Middle English dettour, from Old French detour, from Latin debitor, equivalent to debt + -or. Doublet of debitor. Displaced native Old English *sċola.

(economics) A person or firm that owes money; one in debt; one who owes a debt.


rant

head

rant (definite accusative rantı, plural rantlar)

rantı (accusative definite)
rantlar (plural)
rant (nominative singular)
rantlar (nominative plural)
rantı (accusative definite singular)
rantları (accusative definite plural)
ranta (dative singular)
rantlara (dative plural)
rantta (locative singular)
rantlarda (locative plural)
ranttan (ablative singular)
rantlardan (ablative plural)
rantın (genitive singular)
rantların (genitive plural)
rantım (first-person nominative singular)
rantlarım (first-person nominative singular)
rantın (nominative second-person singular)
rantların (nominative second-person singular)
rantı (nominative singular third-person)
rantları (nominative singular third-person)
rantımız (first-person nominative plural)
rantlarımız (first-person nominative plural)
rantınız (nominative plural second-person)
rantlarınız (nominative plural second-person)
rantları (nominative plural third-person)
rantımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
rantlarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
rantını (accusative definite second-person singular)
rantlarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
rantını (accusative definite singular third-person)
rantlarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
rantımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
rantlarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
rantınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
rantlarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
rantlarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
rantıma (dative first-person singular)
rantlarıma (dative first-person singular)
rantına (dative second-person singular)
rantlarına (dative second-person singular)
rantına (dative singular third-person)
rantlarına (dative singular third-person)
rantımıza (dative first-person plural)
rantlarımıza (dative first-person plural)
rantınıza (dative plural second-person)
rantlarınıza (dative plural second-person)
rantlarına (dative plural third-person)
rantımda (first-person locative singular)
rantlarımda (first-person locative singular)
rantında (locative second-person singular)
rantlarında (locative second-person singular)
rantında (locative singular third-person)
rantlarında (locative singular third-person)
rantımızda (first-person locative plural)
rantlarımızda (first-person locative plural)
rantınızda (locative plural second-person)
rantlarınızda (locative plural second-person)
rantlarında (locative plural third-person)
rantımdan (ablative first-person singular)
rantlarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
rantından (ablative second-person singular)
rantlarından (ablative second-person singular)
rantından (ablative singular third-person)
rantlarından (ablative singular third-person)
rantımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
rantlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
rantınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
rantlarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
rantlarından (ablative plural third-person)
rantımın (first-person genitive singular)
rantlarımın (first-person genitive singular)
rantının (genitive second-person singular)
rantlarının (genitive second-person singular)
rantının (genitive singular third-person)
rantlarının (genitive singular third-person)
rantımızın (first-person genitive plural)
rantlarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
rantınızın (genitive plural second-person)
rantlarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
rantlarının (genitive plural third-person)


exportation

en-noun

exportation (countable and uncountable, plural exportations)

(business, economics) The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending commodities abroad or to another country, in the course of commerce.


fret

→ Portuguese: frete

→ Spanish: flete

Inherited from Old French fret, from Middle Dutch vrecht, from Old Dutch *frēht, from Proto-West Germanic *fra- + *aihti.

(shipping) freight, cargo fees: the cost of transporting cargo by boat


marge

Inherited from Old Catalan margen, from Latin marginem (compare Occitan marge, French marge, Portuguese margem), from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs.


marge

→ Czech: marže

→ German: Marge

→ Polish: marża

→ Russian: маржа (marža)

Inherited from Old French, from Latin marginem, from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs.

(economics, business) markup (percentage or amount added to buy-in price)


TDS

tax deducted at source
tax deducted at source#English

(taxation) Initialism of tax deducted at source.


U-boat

(shipping) A narrow utility cart with tall handles on both ends that is used to carry loads of retail products to be sold, so named because its shape is roughly that of a capital U.


BNP

BNP (indefinite nominative singular)
BNP:s (genitive indefinite singular)
BNP:n (definite nominative singular)
BNP:ns (definite genitive singular)
BNP (indefinite nominative plural)
BNP:s (genitive indefinite plural)
BNP:na (definite nominative plural)
BNP:nas (definite genitive plural)

Tre fjärdedelar av EU:s medborgare lever i områden där den regionala BNP:n ligger över genomsnittet.

2019 February 26, Wiktor Nummelin, TT, “Ny lista: Stockholm sjätte rikast i EU [New list: Stockholm sixth richest in the EU]”, in Svenska Dagbladet:

Three quarters of EU's citizen live in areas where the regional GDP is above average.

(economics) initialism of bruttonationalprodukt (“gross national product”); GNP


goods

→ Japanese: グッズ (guzzu)

→ Korean: 굿즈 (gutjeu)

(business, economics) That which is produced, then traded, bought or sold, then finally consumed.

pasuri

that which is produced, traded, bought or sold


services

(business, economics) That which is produced, then traded, bought or sold, then finally consumed and consists of an action or work.


tirare

it-verb

tiràre (first-person singular present tìro, first-person singular past historic tirài, past participle tiràto, auxiliary avére)

tiràre (canonical)
tìro (first-person present singular)
tirài (first-person historic past singular)
tiràto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
tiràre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
tiràndo (gerund)
tirànte (participle present)
tiràto (participle past)
tìro (first-person indicative present singular)
tìri (indicative present second-person singular)
tìra (indicative present singular third-person)
tiriàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
tiràte (indicative plural present second-person)
tìrano (indicative plural present third-person)
tiràvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tiràvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tiràva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tiravàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
tiravàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
tiràvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tirài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
tiràsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
tirò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
tiràmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
tiràste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
tiràrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
tirerò (first-person future indicative singular)
tirerài (future indicative second-person singular)
tirerà (future indicative singular third-person)
tirerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
tireréte (future indicative plural second-person)
tirerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
tirerèi (conditional first-person singular)
tirerésti (conditional second-person singular)
tirerèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
tirerébbe (conditional singular third-person)
tirerémmo (conditional first-person plural)
tireréste (conditional plural second-person)
tirerèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
tirerébbero (conditional plural third-person)
tìri (first-person present singular subjunctive)
tìri (present second-person singular subjunctive)
tìri (present singular subjunctive third-person)
tiriàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
tiriàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
tìrino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
tiràssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
tiràssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
tiràsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
tiràssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tiràste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tiràssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
tìra (imperative second-person singular)
tìri (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
tiriàmo (first-person imperative plural)
tiràte (imperative plural second-person)
tìrino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
tiràre (imperative negative second-person singular)
tìri (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
tiriàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
tiràte (imperative negative plural second-person)
tìrino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

(intransitive, figurative, economics) to go well (of a market, industry, etc.)


bunga

bunga-bunga (plural)
boenga (alternative)

Unknown
* Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).
* Semantic loan from Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “interest”, literally “childbirth, parturition; offspring”).

sl

(economics, finance) interest: the price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed


bunga

ms-noun

bunga (Jawi spelling بوڠا, plural bunga-bunga)

Semantic loan from English interest, by analogy with bank interest growing over time like flowers, as well as wordplay referring to the sense of "attention" in English and the sense of "beauty, looking good" in Indonesian. Compare to Thai ดอกเบี้ย (dɔ̀ɔk-bîia, “interest”, literally “flower money”).

2002, Takiah Mohd Iskandar & Norida Basnan, Perakaunan Kewangan: Prinsip dan Amalan di Malaysia, Vol. 1, Cerdik Publications, page 174.
Sekiranya nota janji yang dikeluarkan menjadi matang dalam tempoh perakaunan berikutnya jumlah bunga daripada tarikh nota dikeluarkan hingga tarikh penyata kewangan perlu diakrukan.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


fore

fore f (definite singular fora, indefinite plural forer, definite plural forene)

fora (definite singular)
forer (indefinite plural)
forene (definite plural)
fóre (alternative)


stagflationary

(economics) Tending to induce stagflation.


stagflation

en-noun

stagflation (countable and uncountable, plural stagflations)

→ Russian: стагфляция (stagfljacija)

Blend of stagnation + inflation, generally thought to have been coined by the British politician Iain Macleod (1913–1970) in a 17 November 1965 parliamentary speech: see the quotation.

coinage

We now have the worst of both worlds—not just inflation on the one side or stagnation on the other, but both of them together. We have a sort of "stagflation" situation and history in modern terms is indeed being made. There is another point behind the figures. As I say, production has fallen by 1 per cent. or ½ per cent.

1965 November 17, Iain Macleod, “Economic Affairs”, in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard): House of Commons Official Report (House of Commons of the United Kingdom), volume 720, London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-27, column 1165:

As soon as we understand how involuntary unemployment can result from rational and well-informed individual behavior, it also becomes obvious how inflation and unemployment—which we once thought could not occur simultaneously—can be combined, as they have been in the recent stagflation.

1982, Mancur Olson, “The Questions, and the Standards a Satisfactory Answer Must Meet”, in The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 8:

Since no one had the solutions to stagflation, [Jimmy] Carter, a fiscal conservative from the beginning, was thrown back to his personal bias and chose to elevate inflation to the nation's most pressing problem. […] More radical solutions to stagflation, such as direct wage and price controls or voluntary wage freezes to halt the wage/price spiral, were not thought to be socially acceptable. So, in the end the administration acquiesced to monetary stringency and watched its tenure recede.

1995, Anthony S. Campagna, “Conclusions and Legacy”, in Economic Policy in the Carter Administration (Contributions in Economics and Economic History; no. 171), Westport, Conn.; London: Greenwood Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 204:

Moving into the mid-1970s, America's economic performance suffered. Stagflation—inflation combined with minimal economic growth—eroded wages and profits, weakening business and consumer confidence.

2013, George R. Tyler, “Facing Reality”, in What Went Wrong: How the 1% Hijacked the American Middle Class … and What Other Countries Got Right, Dallas, Tex.: BenBella Books, →ISBN, section 1 (The Beginning), page 4:

The UK economy is suffering a nasty bout of stagflation and the prospects appear poor. That is the conclusion financial markets drew this week from yet more disappointing data, highlighting the weakness of the post-Covid economy and the persistence of high inflation.

2023 June 17, Chris Giles, Delphine Strauss, “Britain’s economic malaise”, in Roula Khalaf, editor, FT Weekend, London: Financial Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-21, page 6:

Stagflation is a period of stagnant economic growth accompanied by persistently high inflation and a sharp rise in unemployment. While stagflation is quite rare—the U.S. has only experienced one sustained period of stagflation in recent history, in the 1970s—it’s become a more frequent topic of speculation. While it's unlikely that the U.S. economy is headed for another bout of stagflation, it's important to contextualize what's happening with the prominent episode of stagflation in the 1970s. […] Stagflation refers to an economy characterized by high inflation, low economic growth and high unemployment.

2023 December 11, Anna-Louise Jackson, “Is the U.S. Economy Heading For Stagflation?”, in Benjamin Curry, editor, Forbes, New York, N.Y.: Forbes, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-02-21:

"[Donald Trump's tariff proposal] is a prescription for the mother of all stagflations,” Larry Summers, Treasury secretary during the [Bill] Clinton administration, told Bloomberg TV back in June.

2024 October 30, Laurent Belsie, “Surprisingly, Wall Street doesn’t seem to care who gets elected. So far, at least.”, in The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass.: Christian Science Publishing Society, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(economics) Prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, often with recession and high unemployment.

رُكُود تَضَخُّمِي

prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth


stagflation

stagflation (indefinite nominative singular)
stagflations (genitive indefinite singular)
stagflationen (definite nominative singular)
stagflationens (definite genitive singular)
stagflationer (indefinite nominative plural)
stagflationers (genitive indefinite plural)
stagflationerna (definite nominative plural)
stagflationernas (definite genitive plural)

Blend of stagnation + inflation, probably influenced by English stagflation.


protection

en-noun

protection (countable and uncountable, plural protections)

/pɹəˈtɛkʃən/

From Middle English, from Old French, from stem of Late Latin prōtectiō (“a covering over”), from Latin prōtēctus, perfect passive participle of prōtegere (“to protect, cover in front”). Displaced native Old English ġesċildnes.

der

(economics) Restrictions on foreign competitors which limit their ability to compete with domestic producers of goods or services.

suojaaminen

economics: restrictions on foreign competitors


seller's market

en-noun

seller's market (plural seller's markets or sellers' markets)

seller's markets (plural)
sellers' markets (plural)

Pay any price you have to. We're in a seller's market right now.

(economics, finance, idiomatic) An excess of demand over supply, leading to abnormally high prices; a market condition favoring the seller.


depression

depression (countable and uncountable, plural depressions)

From Middle English depression, depressioun, from Old French depression, from Latin dēpressiō.

(economics) A period of major economic contraction.

depressie

economics: period of major economic contraction

The Great Depression was the worst financial event in US history.

(economics, US) Four consecutive quarters of negative, real GDP growth. See NBER.

lama

economics: four consecutive quarters of negative real GDP development


depression

depression (indefinite nominative singular)
depressions (genitive indefinite singular)
depressionen (definite nominative singular)
depressionens (definite genitive singular)
depressioner (indefinite nominative plural)
depressioners (genitive indefinite plural)
depressionerna (definite nominative plural)
depressionernas (definite genitive plural)


liberalism

liberalism (countable and uncountable, plural liberalisms)

Circa 1819, from French libéralisme circa 1818. Equivalent to liberal + -ism.

But liberalism has no obvious answers to the biggest problems we face: ecological collapse and technological disruption.

2018, Yuval Noah Harari, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century:

(economics) An economic ideology in favour of laissez faire and the free market (related to economic liberalism).


corner

Unadapted borrowing from English corner.

(economics) market niche in which a company has a monopoly


FED

So, the FED Chairman chose to reassure all concerns, promising "a lasting expansion in economic activity while continuing progress against inflation.

1982-3, National Farmers' Union Washington newsletter, v. 29-31, http://books.google.com/books?lr=&id=ajk9AAAAYAAJ&q=%22so%2C+the+FED+Chairman%22#search_anchor

The extent of independence of the Federal Reserve Board (FED) from the executive branch has been a topic of ongoing study by economists and political scientists.

1985, Caryl Ersenkal, Myles S. Wallace, and John T. Warner, "Chairman reappointments, presidential elections and policy actions of the federal reserve," Policy Sciences, Springer Netherlands, ISSN 0032-2687, vol. 18, no. 3, November, 1985, pages 211-225, pg. 211

Positive news was consolidated for economic performance, while the bond market diverged from the opinions expressed by the FED.

2003, Review of the economic situation of Mexico, Citigroup/Banco Nacional de México (Banamex), August 2003, vol. LXXIX, no. 932, pg. 3

Consolidates the Federal Reserve Banks (FED) and monetary authority functions undertaken by the central government.

2006, International Financial Statistics Yearbook 2006, International Monetary Fund, →ISBN, page 191:

(US, economics, banking, nonstandard) Federal Reserve System. Alternative spelling of Fed.


tuner

(entertainment industry, informal) A musical.


nominal

→ Afrikaans: nominaal

PIE word
 *h₁nómn̥
From the Middle English nominalle (“of nouns”), borrowed from Latin nōminālis (“of names”), from nōmen (“name”).

My employer does not understand how low my nominal wage is.

The nominal GNP of this country is pretty low.

Comparisons of the costs of the Diablo Canyon plant with other nuclear power plants can be misleading because the available cost data are in nominal dollars and therefore include the toll of inflation over the construction periods.

1991, Richard J. Gilbert, Regulatory Choices: A Perspective on Developments in Energy Policy, page 267:

This simple process allows us to convert nominal dollars into inflation-adjusted real dollars.

2001, Erich A. Helfert, Financial Analysis: Tools and Techniques: A Guide for Managers, page 467:

(economics) Without adjustment to remove the effects of inflation.

nominaal

economics: without adjustment to remove the effects of inflation


mathematical economics

(economics, mathematics) A sub-field of economics which aims at expressing economic theories with mathematical formulae.


econometrics

An adaptation of the French économétrie. Coined by Norwegian economist Ragnar Frisch in 1926. Compare the earlier German Oekonometrie (now generally spelt Ökonometrie), first used (in a different sense) by Polish economist Paweł Ciompa in 1910.

coined

For quotations using this term, see Citations:econometrics.

(economics) The branch of economics that applies statistical methods to the empirical study of economic theories and relationships.


brutto

pl-adj

brutto (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from Italian brutto, from Latin brūtus.


isoquant

(economics) A line of equal or constant economic production on a graph, chart or map


mutualism

en-noun

mutualism (countable and uncountable, plural mutualisms)

From mutual + -ism. Compare French mutualisme and Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish mutualismo.

(economics) An economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market.


association

→ Romanian: asociație


pont

pontok (plural)
pont (nominative singular)
pontok (nominative plural)
pontot (accusative singular)
pontokat (accusative plural)
pontnak (dative singular)
pontoknak (dative plural)
ponttal (instrumental singular)
pontokkal (instrumental plural)
pontért (causal-final singular)
pontokért (causal-final plural)
ponttá (singular translative)
pontokká (plural translative)
pontig (singular terminative)
pontokig (plural terminative)
pontként (essive-formal singular)
pontokként (essive-formal plural)
pontban (inessive singular)
pontokban (inessive plural)
ponton (singular superessive)
pontokon (plural superessive)
pontnál (adessive singular)
pontoknál (adessive plural)
pontba (illative singular)
pontokba (illative plural)
pontra (singular sublative)
pontokra (plural sublative)
ponthoz (allative singular)
pontokhoz (allative plural)
pontból (elative singular)
pontokból (elative plural)
pontról (delative singular)
pontokról (delative plural)
ponttól (ablative singular)
pontoktól (ablative plural)
ponté (singular)
pontoké (plural)
pontéi (singular)
pontokéi (plural)
pontom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
pontjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
pontod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
pontjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
pontja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
pontjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
pontunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
pontjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
pontotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
pontjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
pontjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
pontjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from German Punkt, from Latin punctum.

(economics) point (a unit used to express differences in prices of stocks and shares)


capitalize

en-verb

capitalize (third-person singular simple present capitalizes, present participle capitalizing, simple past and past participle capitalized)

capitalizes (present singular third-person)
capitalizing (participle present)
capitalized (participle past)
capitalized (past)
capitalise (alternative)

From capital + -ize, the first element ultimately from Latin capitālis (“of the head”).

(transitive, accounting, taxation) To treat as capital, not as an expense.


cartel

→ Spanish: cártel

In the business sense, borrowed from German Kartell, first used by Eugen Richter in 1871 in the Reichstag. In the political sense, which was the vehicle for this metaphor, the English sense, like the German sense, was borrowed from French cartel in the sixteenth century, from Italian cartello, diminutive of carta (“card, page”), from Latin charta.

oil cartel

drug cartel

Over the past decade, the very nature of organized crime has changed, with many groups diversifying their income beyond drug trafficking, and large cartels splintering into smaller, oftentimes more nimble groups.

2023 January 10, Whitney Eulich, America Armenta, “Mexico arrests son of ‘El Chapo’: Why don’t citizens feel safer?”, in The Christian Science Monitor:

(economics) A group of businesses or nations that collude to limit competition within an industry or market.

картел

group of businesses or nations that collude to fix prices


cartel

(economics) cartel (a group of businesses or nations that collude to limit competition within an industry or market)


law of diminishing returns

(economics) A relationship between input and output, such that adding units of any one input (labour, capital etc.) to fixed amounts of the others will yield successively smaller increments of output.


giro

(economics) economical activity type or kind


law of diminishing marginal utility

en-noun

law of diminishing marginal utility (plural laws of diminishing marginal utility)

laws of diminishing marginal utility (plural)

(economics) The theory that as the quantity of a good or service consumed increases, the additional satisfaction (marginal utility) gained from each additional unit decreases, reflecting a general decline in utility for each successive unit consumed.


NOIBN

(shipping) Initialism of not otherwise indexed by name.


demande

Haitian Creole: demann

Inherited from Old French demande, from the verb demander.


trough

PIE word
 *dóru
From Middle English trogh, from Old English troh, trog (“a trough, tub, basin, vessel for containing liquids or other materials”), from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugą, *trugaz, from Proto-Indo-European *drukós, enlargement of *dóru (“tree”).
See also West Frisian trôch, Dutch trog, German Trog, Danish trug, Swedish tråg; also Middle Irish drochta (“wooden basin”), Old Armenian տարգալ (targal, “ladle, spoon”). More at tree.

cog

(economics) A low turning point or a local minimum of a business cycle.


drawdown

en-noun

drawdown (countable and uncountable, plural drawdowns)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-drawdown.wav

(economics) (A measure of) the decline from a historical peak in some economic or financial variable.


convergence

convergence (countable and uncountable, plural convergences)

From converge + -ence (after Latin convergentia).

(economics) The hypothesis that poorer economies' per capita incomes tend to grow faster than richer economies.


takeover

takeovers (plural)
take-over (alternative)

If the takeover is approved, Comcast would control 20 of the top 25 cable markets, […]. Antitrust officials will need to consider Comcast’s status as a monopsony (a buyer with disproportionate power), when it comes to negotiations with programmers, whose channels it pays to carry.

2014 March 15, “Turn it off”, in The Economist, volume 410, number 8878:

(economics) The purchase of one company by another; a merger without the formation of a new company, especially where some stakeholders in the purchased company oppose the purchase.

(economics, UK) The acquisition of a public company whose shares are listed on a stock exchange, in contrast to the acquisition of a private company.


laissez-faire

(economics) laissez faire (a policy of governmental non-interference in economic affairs)


bill of lading

But all the while Captain Amos Brown was telling whackers that would have done credit to Baron Munchausen, he was really thinking of how he was to save those whose passage to a port not named in any bills of lading looked almost certain.

1908, Morley Roberts, “The Captain of the Ullswater”, in The Blue Peter:

(shipping) A document issued by a carrier (e.g. master of a ship or the ship owner's agent) to a shipper listing a ship's cargo, acknowledging receipt of said cargo, and specifying terms for its delivery.


graduated

(taxation) Increasing in rate with the taxable base.


macro

macro (countable and uncountable, plural macros)

1933, from macro-, from French, from Latin, from Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”).

On Monday, chipmaker Nvidia (NVDA) cut its sales outlook for the fourth quarter, citing “deteriorating macroeconomic conditions, particularly in China.” Last week, Intel’s (INTC) CEO also noted that “trade and macro concerns, especially in China, have intensified.”

2019 January 28, Seth Fiegerman, “Apple earnings: How low can iPhone sales go?”, in CNN Business:

(colloquial, economics, uncountable) Clipping of macroeconomics


malaise

malaisê (canonical)
malaise-malaise (plural)

From Dutch malaise, from French malaise.

(economics) depression, a period of major economic contraction


ligne

head

ligne (imperative lign, infinitive at ligne, present tense ligner, past tense lignede, perfect tense har lignet)

lign (imperative)
at ligne (infinitive)
ligner (present)
lignede (past)
har lignet (perfect)

From Old Danish likna, derived with the inchoative suffix -ne from lig (“similar”). Compare Swedish likna, English liken, Middle Low German līkenen. It has replaced an older verb without -n, *galīkōną, hence Old English ġelīcian, German gleichen, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽 (galeikōn).


ligne

ligne (imperative lign, present tense ligner, passive lignes, simple past and past participle ligna or lignet, present participle lignende)

lign (imperative)
ligner (present)
lignes (passive)
ligna (participle past)
ligna (past)
lignet (participle past)
lignet (past)
lignende (participle present)
likne (alternative)


cluster

Unadapted borrowing from English cluster.


netto

pl-adj

netto (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from Italian netto, from Vulgar Latin *nittus, a syncopation of Latin nitidus.

(economics) net (remaining after expenses or deductions)


utile

From Middle French utile, from Old French utele, from Latin ūtilis.

Rational agents always maximize the number of utiles procured; that is, they will always choose those outcomes which promise to produce the most utiles.

2002, Louis Groarke, The Good Rebel: Understanding Freedom and Morality, →ISBN, page 29:

[T]he ‘happiness utile’ does not exist, at least not yet.

2006, "Economic Roundup Autumn 2006," www.treasury.gov.au (Australian Government Treasury) (retrieved 20 Oct 2013)

(economics) A theoretical unit of measure of utility, for indicating a supposed quantity of satisfaction derived from an economic transaction.


marginal

en-adj

marginal (not generally comparable, comparative more marginal, superlative most marginal)

more marginal (comparative)
most marginal (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin marginālis, equivalent to margin + -al.

լուսանցքային

of, relating to, or located at a margin or an edge

vaa’ankieli-

where the winning margin was a small proportion of the total number of votes

(economics, not comparable) Pertaining to changes resulting from a unit increase in production or consumption of a good.


marginal

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin marginālis.


util

(economics) A hypothetical unit measuring satisfaction.


steroidal

Weaning China off steroidal industrial policies that feel good in the short run but are toxic in the long run is the key to sustained, high-quality growth and reconciliation of international disputes.

2023, Keyu Jin, The New China Playbook, page 48:

(by extension, economics) Characterized by rapid growth, especially growth that is unsustainable or out of line with economic fundamentals or expectations.


illiberal

en-adj

illiberal (comparative more illiberal, superlative most illiberal)

more illiberal (comparative)
most illiberal (superlative)

From Middle French illibéral, from Latin illiberalis, equivalent to il- + liberal.

In the general atmosphere of lawlessness and arbitrariness the final outcome may be less harsh and unpleasant than might at first have been expected — though it can be a lot worse if you are an Albanian "irredentist", for example, or a Croatian "separatist", or if you happen to be undergoing trial and sentence in an illiberal republic like Bosnia or Hercegovina.

(economics, politics) Not adhering to either liberalism or neoliberalism.


pari passu

From Late Latin pari passu, from Latin parī, ablative of pār (“equal”) + passū, ablative of passus (“step”).


hypo

en-verb

hypo (third-person singular simple present hypos, present participle hypoing, simple past and past participle hypoed)

hypos (present singular third-person)
hypoing (participle present)
hypoed (participle past)
hypoed (past)

Clipping of various terms beginning with hypo-, from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”).

In the last three peacetime years before the Vietnam War expenditures began to hypo the economy, 1961, 1962, and 1963, unemployment in those years averaged six percent.

1971, Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, volume 29, page 1727:

(transitive, economics) To stimulate or boost (the economy) by the injection of cash, such as with quantitative easing


crisi

From Latin crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίνειν (krínein, “to decide”).


equivalent variation

en-noun

equivalent variation (plural equivalent variations)

(economics) The measure of how much money a consumer would pay before a price increase, to avoid the price increase.


offre

l'offre et la demande


capitale

→ Dutch: kapitaal
→ Indonesian: kapital

desctree

→ German: Kapital, Capital (obsolete)
→ Yiddish: קאַפּיטאַל (kapital)

→ Piedmontese: capital


c/o

1976-1977, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
Sunday I penned my letter, Monday I mailed it c/o the high school.

Anna c/o Bob

Send your mail to me c/o Mr. John Smith.

“But he sent it to you, didn't he?” “No, he sent it to himself c/o me.”

(shipping) Abbreviation of care of, used to identify an intermediary who is responsible for transferring a piece of mail between the postal system and the final addressee.

p

(abbreviation) identifies intermediary in delivering mail — see also care of


c/o

c/o's (plural)
c/os (plural)
C/O (alternative)
CO (alternative)

certificate of origin
certificate of origin#English

(shipping) Initialism of certificate of origin, a document describing a product's country of origin.


quincena

→ Cebuano: kinsena

(economics) wage payment amount (in a half month period)


ergonomics

/ˌɜɹ.ɡəˈnɑ.mɪks/

/ˌɜɹ.ɡəˈnɒ.mɪks/

From ergo- (prefix indicating work) + -nomics (suffix indicating the rules of a discipline), probably modelled after Polish ergonomia (“ergonomics”) (used by Polish scientist Wojciech Jastrzębowski (1799–1882) in an 1857 article), from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon, “work”) + νόμος (nómos, “custom; law, ordinance”). The English word is widely regarded as having been introduced by British psychologist K. F. Hywel Murrell at a meeting at the Admiralty in London in July 1949, which led to the establishment of the Ergonomics Research Society (now The Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors) on 17 September 1949.

confix

As the titlepage of this latter portion of his work indicates, M. Courcelle Seneuil confines himself to political economy considered as a practical science, or, as he chooses to call it, to ergonomics.

1859 July 9, “Traite Theorique et Pratique d'Economie Politique. Par J. G. Courcelle Seneuil. Tome II. Partie Pratique, ou Ergonomie. Paris: Guillaumin et Cie. 1858.”, in The Economist, Weekly Commercial Times, Bankers' Gazette, and Railway Monitor: A Political, Literary, and General Newspaper, volume XVII, number 828, London: "Economist" Newspaper, →OCLC, page 760, column 1:


durable

/ˈdjʊəɹəbəl/

/ˈdʒʊəɹəbəl/

From Middle English durable, from Old French durable, from Latin dūrābilis (“lasting, permanent”), from dūrō (“harden, make hard”).

In a frictionless world with perfect rental markets, there is an unambiguous cost associated with the use of a durable for a single period.

1989, Robert A. Pollak, The theory of the cost-of-living index, page 188:

(economics) A durable thing, one useful over more than one period, especially a year.


SCO

(politics, economics) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.


rationalization

en-noun

rationalization (countable and uncountable, plural rationalizations)

rationalizations (plural)
rationalisation (alternative)

/ˌræʃənəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

First attested in 1831. From French rationalisation, equivalent to rational + -ization or rationalize + -ation.

It began with the familiar political motives of civil service rationalization and downsizing.

For socialism involves the reconstruction of industry upon the principle of production for use. It involves the rationalization of industry, the proper adjustment of production to the social requirements.

1915 May 10, John Spargo, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, volume 59, page 160:

The former, technical rationalisation, is a question of improvements carried out within businesses by the managers, methods like scientific management, the rapidity with which machinery is scrapped, the supervision of labour, by the stop-watch method or any other method, and generally what we economists have been in the habit of calling "internal economies."

1930 September 10, Ian MacGregor, “Problems of Rationalisation”, in The Economic Journal, volume 40, number 159, page 351:

Rationalization includes partnership ventures, and if approved would mean capacity reductions in both sectors with thousands of steelworkers' jobs affected.

1980 December 10, “Steel industry changes sought”, in The Times, number 60798, London: News UK, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

He firmly believed that the only cure for unemployment was the revival of industry as a whole, and that private finance was the best spur and guide to rationalization. But the State would help.

2005 April 16, “On This Day: April 16, 1929”, in The Times, number 68363, London: News UK, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 81:

(economics) The reorganization of a company or organization in order to improve its efficiency through the reallocation of resources and changes in its workforce.


класс

ru-noun+

класс • (klass) m inan (genitive кла́сса, nominative plural кла́ссы, genitive plural кла́ссов, relational adjective кла́ссный or кла́ссовый)

klass (romanization)
кла́сса (genitive)
кла́ссы (nominative plural)
кла́ссов (genitive plural)
кла́ссный (adjective relational)
кла́ссовый (adjective relational)
кла́сс (nominative singular)
кла́ссы (nominative plural)
кла́сса (genitive singular)
кла́ссов (genitive plural)
кла́ссу (dative singular)
кла́ссам (dative plural)
кла́сс (accusative singular)
кла́ссы (accusative plural)
кла́ссом (instrumental singular)
кла́ссами (instrumental plural)
кла́ссе (prepositional singular)
кла́ссах (plural prepositional)

q

or from French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">classe</i>

→ Bulgarian: клас (klas) (or from French classe)

→ Dargwa: ккалас (kkalas)

→ Ingrian: klaassa

→ Lithuanian: klasė (?)

→ Votic: klaassõ


relativity

en-noun

relativity (usually uncountable, plural relativities)

/ˌɹɛləˈtɪvɪti/

Albert Einstein
Annalen der Physik
Paul Drude

From relative (“connected to or depending on something else”) + -ity (suffix forming nouns from adjectives where the nouns refer to the properties, qualities, or states described by the adjectives). Sense 2.1 (“reliance of the nature of physical phenomena on the relative motion between an observer and the thing observed”) is a translation of German Relativität (“relativity”) used in the works of the German-American theoretical physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955).
Morphologically relative + -ity

հարաբերականություն

principle that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers

(countable, chiefly in the plural) An evaluation of the similarities and differences between things; a comparison; hence, a difference in position or status between things; a disparity.

(economics, specifically) The difference in pay or positions between different employees in a business (internal relativity), or between different businesses (external relativity); a differential.


Malthusianism

en-noun

Malthusianism (countable and uncountable, plural Malthusianisms)

(economics) The viewpoint that the population will always grow faster than the food supply that it needs to survive and prosper.

馬爾薩斯主義 /马尔萨斯主义

the viewpoint that the population grows faster than the food supply


Boom

de-noun

Boom m (strong, genitive Booms, plural Booms)

Booms (genitive)
Booms (plural)
Boom (nominative singular)
Booms (definite nominative plural)
Booms (genitive singular)
Booms (definite genitive plural)
Boom (dative singular)
Booms (dative definite plural)
Boom (accusative singular)
Booms (accusative definite plural)


Deflation

Deflation f (genitive Deflation, plural Deflationen)

Deflation (genitive)
Deflationen (plural)
Deflation (nominative singular)
Deflationen (definite nominative plural)
Deflation (genitive singular)
Deflationen (definite genitive plural)
Deflation (dative singular)
Deflationen (dative definite plural)
Deflation (accusative singular)
Deflationen (accusative definite plural)


Depression

Depression f (genitive Depression, plural Depressionen)

Depression (genitive)
Depressionen (plural)
Depression (nominative singular)
Depressionen (definite nominative plural)
Depression (genitive singular)
Depressionen (definite genitive plural)
Depression (dative singular)
Depressionen (dative definite plural)
Depression (accusative singular)
Depressionen (accusative definite plural)

Er war schwermütig geworden, konnte nicht, oder nicht recht arbeiten und hatte Sorge um die Erhaltung seiner Existenz, also melancholische Depression mit Arbeitshemmung und (berechtigter) Lebenssorge.

1923, Sigmund Freud, Eine Teufelsneurose im siebzehnten Jahrhundert, in: Imago: Zeitschrift für Anwendung der Psychoanalyse auf die Geisteswissenschaften, vol. 9, booklet 1, Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, page 9

He had become melancholic, could not or not well work and had worries about the sustainment of his existence, thus a melancholic depression with work block and (justified) worries about life.

(economics, geography, psychology) depression


Export

Export m (strong, genitive Exportes or Exports, plural Exporte)

Exportes (genitive)
Exports (genitive)
Exporte (plural)
Export (nominative singular)
Exporte (definite nominative plural)
Exportes (genitive singular)
Exports (genitive singular)
Exporte (definite genitive plural)
Export (dative singular)
Exporte (dative singular)
Exporten (dative definite plural)
Export (accusative singular)
Exporte (accusative definite plural)

(economics) export (the act of exporting)


Fed

So what’s the Fed to do? It must manage interest rates without a working monetary policy compass.

2019 August 1, Mark Zandi, “Blame Trump for the Fed’s broken monetary policy compass”, in CNN:

(US, economics) Clipping of Federal Reserve (The Federal Reserve Board or System)


Firma

Firma (genitive)
Firmen (plural)
Firma (nominative singular)
Firmen (definite nominative plural)
Firma (genitive singular)
Firmen (definite genitive plural)
Firma (dative singular)
Firmen (dative definite plural)
Firma (accusative singular)
Firmen (accusative definite plural)

→ Romanian: firmă

→ Turkish: firma

Borrowed from Italian firma. Cognate with English firm.

(specialist, law, economics) A firm, the name under which a company operates, as opposed to the actual legal entity.


Fusion

Fusion f (genitive Fusion, plural Fusionen)

Fusion (genitive)
Fusionen (plural)
Fusion (nominative singular)
Fusionen (definite nominative plural)
Fusion (genitive singular)
Fusionen (definite genitive plural)
Fusion (dative singular)
Fusionen (dative definite plural)
Fusion (accusative singular)
Fusionen (accusative definite plural)

(economics) merger (legal union of two or more corporations into a single entity)


G

en-noun

G (countable and uncountable, plural Gs)

government spending
government spending#English

(economics) Abbreviation of government spending.


Import

de-noun

Import m (strong, genitive Importes or Imports, plural Importe)

Importes (genitive)
Imports (genitive)
Importe (plural)
Import (nominative singular)
Importe (definite nominative plural)
Importes (genitive singular)
Imports (genitive singular)
Importe (definite genitive plural)
Import (dative singular)
Importe (dative singular)
Importen (dative definite plural)
Import (accusative singular)
Importe (accusative definite plural)

(economics, often in the plural) import (that which is imported)


Inflation

Inflation f (genitive Inflation, plural Inflationen)

Inflation (genitive)
Inflationen (plural)
Inflation (nominative singular)
Inflationen (definite nominative plural)
Inflation (genitive singular)
Inflationen (definite genitive plural)
Inflation (dative singular)
Inflationen (dative definite plural)
Inflation (accusative singular)
Inflationen (accusative definite plural)


K

Abbreviations.
# (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of counter, prefix counter-, sequence contr.

ng

prefix <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">counter-</i>, sequence contr.


Los

de-noun

Los n (strong, genitive Loses, plural Lose)

Loses (genitive)
Lose (plural)
Los (nominative singular)
Lose (definite nominative plural)
Loses (genitive singular)
Lose (definite genitive plural)
Los (dative singular)
Lose (dative singular)
Losen (dative definite plural)
Los (accusative singular)
Lose (accusative definite plural)
Loos (alternative obsolete)
Looß (alternative obsolete)
Loß (alternative obsolete)

From Middle High German lōz, from Old High German hlōz, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaut, from Proto-Germanic *hlaut-. This is an ablaut variant of *hlut-, whence Dutch lot, English lot, and extinct Middle High German luz, from Old High German hluz.
The genders and stem forms of these variants vary greatly among the Germanic languages; in High German *hlaut- is an a-stem and predominantly neuter, while *hlut- is masculine (probably a-stem).

(economics) batch, a calculated amount of produced units (such as in batch production, but even used in architecture to mean sections of a building project)


North

English surname, from the adjective north. This is also translated from other surnames of the same meaning, such as Irish Mac an Ultaigh (“son of the Ulsterman”), Ulster being the northern part of Ireland.

In economic terms, the North controls four-fifths of the income earned anywhere in the world.

The northern part of a region (alternative letter-case form of north), especially:

(politics, economics) A group of countries mainly lying north of the equator, including most of the West and the First World and much of the Second World.


VAT

And neither party is up for imposing a VAT in place of the current income tax system.

2024 December 28, Jonathan Nicholson, “Yes, There Are Ways To Cut The Budget Deficit. 'DOGE' Hasn’t Found Them So Far.”, in HuffPost:

(taxation) Initialism of value added tax.

BTW

initialism for value-added tax — see also value added tax


Л

легкове́сный легковесный#Russian

(shipping) abbreviation of легкове́сный (lexkovésnyj, “lightweight”) (ship class)


rinde

(Mexico, Rioplatense, economics) output
(Paraguay) result


rivalry

en-noun

rivalry (countable and uncountable, plural rivalries)

Common goods are those which are rivalrous in consumption but non-excludable

2013 December 2 (last accessed), Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh, at Johnstown, “Public Goods”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), archived from the original on 2015-05-05:

(economics) The characteristic of being a rivalrous good, such that it can be consumed or used by only one person at a time.


RIC

(politics, economics) Initialism of Russia, India and China (trilateral summit).


aggio

→ English: agio

→ French: agio

→ Portuguese: ágio

Probably borrowed from the apheresis of Old Venetan lazo (from an earlier *lagio), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀλλάγιον (allágion).


breakaway

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-breakaway.wav

From break + away, a deverbal from break away.

The New York quintet call themselves Dr. Buzzard's Original Savannah Band, and their RCA debut LP is this season's breakaway disco act.

1976 November 1, “Sass and Class”, in Time:

In that season, NBC added another first-year breakaway hit, Friends.

1996 November 14, Bill Carter, “So Many New Shows, but Not One Hit”, in The New York Times:

2016, Chris Riotta, "Rihanna's 'Anti' Has Extensive Alternative Music Career," mic.com, 11 February, 2016, https://mic.com/articles/134964/who-is-sza-artist-featured-on-rihanna-s-anti-has-extensive-alternative-music-career#.7Jn5cfh5u
When Rihanna released her rebellious breakaway album Anti, it marked a definitive turning point in the singer's career.

(entertainment industry) Enjoying rapid popular success.


opportunity cost

opportunity cost (plural opportunity costs)

Implicit in this fixation with time is the thesis that the opportunity cost of regular shopping is too high – that the hours spent driving to the better bookstore in the next town can be spent doing something more valuable.

2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in The Guardian:

Thanks to business school, I can understand how I've actually paid for this time at home with my family—the opportunity cost of my time, my forgone income, etc.

2004 June 7, “Jeff Pillet-Shore: Second Year Winds Down”, in BusinessWeek, retrieved 2008-10-30:

(economics) The cost of an opportunity forgone (and the loss of the benefits that could be received from that opportunity); the most valuable forgone alternative.

այլընտրանքային ծախս

cost of something in terms of an opportunity forgone


AE

(business, economics) abbreviation of Auftragseingang (order inflow)


PT

(economics) abbreviation of Personentag (“man-day”)


APA

(economics) Initialism of asset purchase agreement.


multiplier

There is a second-round effect of crowding in higher private investment as public sector contractors tool up to meet the public contracts, and then a third – as all firms adjust to the higher level of demand by raising business investment levels – of more crowding in and so-called “multiplier effects”.

2024 November 3, Will Hutton, “Investment drives growth. That’s why gloomy forecasters are so wrong about the budget”, in The Guardian:

(economics) A ratio used to estimate total economic effect for a variety of economic activities.


EC

European Commission
w:European Commission

(politics, economics) Initialism of European Commission.


WP

(taxation) initialism of wajib pajak (“taxpayer”)


PMI

PMI (countable and uncountable, plural PMIs)

Purchasing Managers Index
w:Purchasing Managers Index

(economics) Initialism of Purchasing Managers Index.

private mortgage insurance
private mortgage insurance#English

(economics) Initialism of private mortgage insurance.


FTA

FTA (countable and uncountable, plural FTAs)

(economics) Initialism of free trade agreement.


FTA

w:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement

(economics, Canada, US) Abbreviation of Free Trade Agreement (between Canada and the United States)


TVA

taxe sur la valeur ajoutée
taxe sur la valeur ajoutée#French

(taxation) initialism of taxe sur la valeur ajoutée: VAT (value-added tax)


PPI

producer price index
w:producer price index

(economics) Initialism of producer price index.


ATO

Chamber of Commerce
chamber of commerce#English

(economics, Turkey) initialism of Ankara Ticaret Odası (The Chamber of Commerce Assembly of Ankara)


homothetic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-homothetic.wav

homoteettinen

economics: depending on the ratio of prices

(economics) in which the ratio of goods demanded depends only on the ratio of their prices


tax evasion

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tax evasion.wav

(taxation, criminology) The illegal reduction of paying tax, especially by making a false declaration of income etc.


sentiment

Unadapted borrowing from English sentiment.

ubor

(economics) general opinion of financial experts about a particular market


tax haven

Such colonies claim to be "more British than the British", except that they pay no UK tax and act as tax havens for funds from Britain. Gibraltar has made a particular specialism of internet gambling.

2013 August 14, Simon Jenkins, “Gibraltar and the Falklands deny the logic of history”, in The Guardian:

(law, business, taxation) A jurisdiction that levies low tax rates on certain economic activities, especially to attract wealthy individuals and foreign businesses.

belastingparadys

country that levies low taxes on foreign businesses


w/h

(US, taxation) Abbreviation of withholding.


royalty

[ˈhɔɪ̯.ɐʊ̯.t͡ʃi]

[ˈhɔɪ̯.ɐʊ̯.t͡ʃi]

[ˈχɔɪ̯.ɐʊ̯.t͡ʃi]

Unadapted borrowing from English royalty.

(economics, chiefly in the plural) royalty (amount paid to the holder of a patent or registered trademark, or to the author of a work, in order to allow its use and commercialization)


PPB

(economics) Initialism of production-possibility boundary.


AO

AO (genitive)
AOen (plural)
AO (nominative singular)
AOen (definite nominative plural)
AO (genitive singular)
AOen (definite genitive plural)
AO (dative singular)
AOen (dative definite plural)
AO (accusative singular)
AOen (accusative definite plural)


SAP

en-noun

SAP (countable and uncountable, plural SAPs)

structural adjustment
structural adjustment#English

(economics) Initialism of structural adjustment program.


commodity

commodity (countable and uncountable, plural commodities)

commodities (plural)
commoditie (alternative archaic)

→ Bulgarian: комодити (komoditi)

→ Czech: komodita

→ Indonesian: komoditas

→ Japanese: コモディティ (komoditi)

→ French: commodité

→ Portuguese: comódite

desc

→ Russian: коммодити (kommoditi), коммодитиз (kommoditiz)

→ Slovak: komodita

From Middle English commoditee, from Anglo-Norman commoditee, from Latin commoditās.

The price of crude oil is determined in continuous trading between professional players in World's many commodities exchanges.

(economics) Raw materials, agricultural and other primary products as objects of large-scale trading in specialized exchanges.


Threadneedle Street

Corruption of "three needle", from the arms of the Needle-makers' Company. Influenced by threading a needle.

George, known as Steady Eddie during his 10 years in charge at Threadneedle Street, said critics who attacked the Financial Services Authority were also wide of the mark.

2008 March 6, “Eddie George defends role of FSA in Northern Rock crisis”, in The Guardian:

Monetary policy may not be perfect, but it has been far better handled since the responsibility for it moved from 11 Downing Street to Threadneedle Street.

2007 December 11, Patrick Hosking, “Gieve’s head will not be enough to appease critics”, in The Times:

The Bank of England cut 0.25 per cent at each meeting - the same decision, spread over two months. Strip out that and Frankfurt and Threadneedle Street have been running the same policy for a year and a half.

2002 November 10, Faisal Islam, “Doing the Continental”, in The Observer:

(British, economics, banking, finance) The Bank of England.


competitive

en-adj

competitive (comparative more competitive, superlative most competitive)

more competitive (comparative)
most competitive (superlative)

[kəmˈpɛɾəɾɪv]

/ˈkɒmpəʈɪʈɪv/

From Latin competītus (past participle of competere) + -ive.

(economics) Capable of competing successfully.

rəqabətdavamlı

economics: capable of competing successfully


outsider

pl-noun

outsider m pers (female equivalent outsiderka)

outsiderka (feminine)
outsider (nominative singular)
outsiderzy (nominative plural)
outsidery (derogatory nominative plural)
outsidera (genitive singular)
outsiderów (genitive plural)
outsiderowi (dative singular)
outsiderom (dative plural)
outsidera (accusative singular)
outsiderów (accusative plural)
outsiderem (instrumental singular)
outsiderami (instrumental plural)
outsiderze (locative singular)
outsiderach (locative plural)
outsiderze (singular vocative)
outsiderzy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English outsider.

ubor

(economics) company refusing to join a monopoly consisting of the majority of enterprises in a given industry


on strike

(business, economics, idiomatic) Withholding labor as a protest, in order to effect change in management or government.


EIN

Employer Identification Number
w:Employer Identification Number

(US, taxation) Initialism of Employer Identification Number.


race to the bottom

en-noun

race to the bottom (plural races to the bottom)

(economics) A situation in which competition between governments leads to very excessive (harmful) deregulation.


pay-as-you-go

From pay + as you go (“while one progresses”).

com

(economics) A financial policy by which capital projects are financed from current revenue in the operating budget rather than through borrowing.


supply-side economics

(economics) A branch of economics that focuses on the supply side of the economy and on tax reductions.


supply side

(economics) In a market trade, the side where the supply comes from.


supply-side

en-adj

supply-side (comparative more supply-side, superlative most supply-side)

more supply-side (comparative)
most supply-side (superlative)

Coordinate term: demand-side

Brown told her that she sounded very supply-side, but what about that memo to Muskie, which had recently surfaced, denouncing supply-siders as a “right-wing claque”?

1984, Peter Craig Roberts, The Supply-Side Revolution: An Insider’s Account of Policymaking in Washington, →ISBN, page 66:

While the George W. Bush tax cuts were supply-side in principle, a look at the provisions doesn’t support the progressive argument that they favored the rich at the expense of the poor.

2009, George Melloan, The Great Money Binge: Spending Our Way to Socialism, →ISBN, page 99:

Born out of a history of highly supply-side interventions, these programs lacked targeting and analysis of the local relevant determinants of malnutrition, and did not have a cost-eff ective impact on malnutrition […]

2014, Learning from World Bank History: Agriculture and Food-Based Approaches for Addressing Malnutrition, World Bank, page 6:

(economics) Regarding or promoting the supply side of the economy.


Federal Reserve

the Federal Reserve (canonical)
Fed (alternative clipping)

(US, economics) The Federal Reserve System.

(US, economics) The Federal Reserve Board.


indicator

From Late Latin indicātor (“one who points out”), from Latin indicō (“point out”). By surface analysis, indicate + -or; see indicate.

der

(economics) A measure, such as unemployment rate, which can be used to predict economic trends.


single currency

(economics) The unified currency proposed for all EU states, in which it became the Euro.


lineup

As the festival grew and the lineup featured more daring works, collections exemplified trends in national playwriting rather than the producing director's personal tastes.

2008, Jeffrey Ullom, The Humana Festival, page 77:

Festival talent buyers can take one of several approaches in putting together their lineup. […] [H]e was very concerned about putting together a talent lineup that resonates with music lovers.

2010, Ray D. Waddell, Rich Barnet, Jake Berry, This Business of Concert Promotion and Touring: A Practical Guide to Creating, Selling, Organizing, and Staging Concerts, Billboard Books, →ISBN, page 121:

The annual festival lineup is guided in part by the festival's efforts to maintain a rough 50/50 split between northern and southern performers.

2016, Julia Christensen, “Folk on the Rocks: The Beat that Sustains”, in Frances Abele, Chris Southcott, editor, Care, Cooperation and Activism in Canada's Northern Social Economy, page 116:

(entertainment industry) The acts performing at a concert or festival.


normalization

en-noun

normalization (countable and uncountable, plural normalizations)

normalizations (plural)
normalisation (alternative UK)

[ˌnoː.məˌlɑɪˈzæɪ.ʃn̩]

From normal + -ization or normalize + -ation.

(economics) Globalization, the process of making a worldwide normal and dominant model of production and consumption.


value added tax

head

value added tax (plural value added taxes)

value added taxes (plural)
value-added tax (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-value added tax.wav

(taxation) A tax levied on the added value that results from the exchange of goods and services.

ضَرِيبَة عَلَى القِيمَةْ المَضَافَة

tax levied on added value of an exchange — see also VAT

imposto sobre a circulação de mercadorias


agen

agèn (canonical)
agen-agen (plural)
agens (alternative)
agén (alternative)
éjén (alternative)

From Dutch agent, from French agent, from Latin agēns. Doublet of agens.

(economics, management, trading) one who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by authority from them; someone entrusted to do the business of another


SBM

standar biaya masukan
standar biaya masukan#Indonesian

(economics, finance) initialism of standar biaya masukan


demanda

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese demanda, from demandar, from Latin dēmandāre (“to demand”).

inh+

(uncountable, economics) demand (desire to purchase goods and services)


demanda

Borrowed from Spanish demanda, from demandar.


artikkel

head

artikkel (genitive artikli, partitive artiklit)

artikli (genitive)
artiklit (partitive)
artikkel (nominative singular)
artiklid (nominative plural)
artikkel (accusative nominative singular)
artiklid (accusative nominative plural)
artikli (accusative genitive singular)
artiklid (accusative genitive plural)
artikli (genitive singular)
artiklite (genitive plural)
artiklit (partitive singular)
artikleid (partitive plural)
artiklisse (illative singular)
artiklitesse (illative plural)
artikleisse (illative plural)
artiklis (inessive singular)
artiklites (inessive plural)
artikleis (inessive plural)
artiklist (elative singular)
artiklitest (elative plural)
artikleist (elative plural)
artiklile (allative singular)
artiklitele (allative plural)
artikleile (allative plural)
artiklil (adessive singular)
artiklitel (adessive plural)
artikleil (adessive plural)
artiklilt (ablative singular)
artiklitelt (ablative plural)
artikleilt (ablative plural)
artikliks (singular translative)
artikliteks (plural translative)
artikleiks (plural translative)
artiklini (singular terminative)
artikliteni (plural terminative)
artiklina (essive singular)
artiklitena (essive plural)
artiklita (abessive singular)
artikliteta (abessive plural)
artikliga (comitative singular)
artiklitega (comitative plural)


incentivize

en-verb

incentivize (third-person singular simple present incentivizes, present participle incentivizing, simple past and past participle incentivized)

tlb

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

incentivizes (present singular third-person)
incentivizing (participle present)
incentivized (participle past)
incentivized (past)
incentivise (alternative)

The US government seeks to incentivize home ownership through a favorable tax system.

City staff are recommending ways Toronto can incentivize the construction of 20,000 purpose-built rental homes.

2024 October 30, Ethan Lang, “Toronto council to consider rental development incentives”, in CBC.ca:

(transitive, business, economics) To provide incentives for; to encourage.

begünstigen

to provide incentives for (a behavior or action)

They effectively incentivized people to overinvest in home ownership.

(transitive, business, economics) To provide incentives to.

Anreize schaffen

to provide incentives to (a person or organization)


exogenous

(economics, of a model) Being or relating to a change that comes from outside the model and is not explained by the model.

exogenní

An exogenous change is one that comes from outside the model and is not explained by the model.


FGI

(economics) Initialism of finished goods inventory.


ejercicio

ejercicios (plural)
exercicio (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Latin exercitium, from exerceō (“keep busy, work at”).


oferta

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *offerta, from the female past participle of Vulgar Latin *offerīre, from Latin offerre (which had the past participle oblāta). First attested in the 13th century.


oferta

From Old Galician-Portuguese offerta, from Medieval Latin or Late Latin offerta, ultimately from Latin offerō. Compare Catalan and Spanish oferta, Italian offerta.


oferta

Borrowed from Catalan oferta or some other Gallo-Romance language.


avoision

"Avoision" is how I referred to the panoply of questionable conduct about whose status as either avoidance or evasion we couldn't make up our minds.

1996, Leo Katz, Ill-Gotten Gains, University of Chicago Press, page 52:

"Seldon (1979) coined the term 'Avoision' to indicate 'the blurring between tax avoidance and evasion that arises from the looser connection between the legal and the moral'"

2008, Alan Lewis, editor, The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Economic Behaviour, Cambridge University Press, page 306:

(taxation, law) Nonpayment of tax that cannot clearly be seen as either tax avoidance, which is legal, or tax evasion, which is illegal.


aanbod

head

aanbod (plural aandbiedinge or aandbiedings, diminutive aanbiedinkie)

aandbiedinge (plural)
aandbiedings (plural)
aanbiedinkie (diminutive)


aanbod

nl-noun

aanbod n (plural (rare) aanboden, diminutive aanbodje n)

aanboden (plural rare)
aanbodje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aanbod

From aanbieden. Equivalent to aan (“on”) + bod (“offer, bid”).

vraag en aanbod


EITC

en-noun

EITC (usually uncountable, plural EITCs)

The IRS may audit an EITC claim or deny all or part of the credit if there are errors on a tax return.

2025 May 10, “The One, Big, Beautiful Bill”, in United States House Committee on Ways & Means, page 44:

(US, taxation) Initialism of earned income tax credit.


devaluation

devaluation (countable and uncountable, plural devaluations)

(economics) The intentional or deliberate lowering of a currency's value compared to another country's currency or a standard value (e.g. the price of gold).


dolour

dolour (countable and uncountable, plural dolours)

From Middle English dolour (“physical pain, agony, suffering; painful disease; anguish, grief, misery, sorrow; grieving for sins, contrition; hardship, misery, trouble; cause of grief or suffering, affliction”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman dolour, Old French dolour, dolor, dulur (“pain”) (modern French douleur (“pain; distress”)), from Latin dolor (“ache, hurt, pain; anguish, grief, sorrow; anger, indignation, resentment”), from doleō (“to hurt, suffer physical pain; to deplore, grieve, lament”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to divide, split”)) + -or (suffix forming third-declension masculine abstract nouns). The English word is a doublet of dol.

der

Supposedly, utilitarians are able to add and subtract hedons (units of pleasure) and dolors (units of pain) without any signs of cognitive or affective distress […]

1986, Rosemarie Tong, Ethics in Policy Analysis (Occupational Ethics Series), Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, →ISBN, page 16:

(countable, economics, ethics) In economics and utilitarianism: a unit of pain used to theoretically weigh people's outcomes.


recovery

en-noun

recovery (countable and uncountable, plural recoveries)

recoveries (plural)
recovre (alternative)

From Middle English recoveree, from Old French recovree, from recovrer (“recover”).

Byford said: "There is no UK recovery from the pandemic without a London recovery, and there is no London recovery without a properly funded transport network.

2022 January 12, “Network News: Further extension to Transport for London emergency funding”, in RAIL, number 948, page 8:

(economics) Renewed growth after a slump.


downmarket

en-adj

downmarket (comparative more downmarket, superlative most downmarket)

more downmarket (comparative)
most downmarket (superlative)

Near-synonym: low-end

(economics) Designed for low-income consumers.


inducement

en-noun

inducement (countable and uncountable, plural inducements)

(shipping) The act of placing a port on a vessel's itinerary because the volume of cargo offered at that port justifies the cost of routing the vessel.


DTA

double tax agreement
double tax agreement#English

(taxation) Initialism of double tax agreement.


latte factor

In reference to coffee as a typical recurring purchase.

(economics) The phenomenon whereby many small purchases add up to a significant expenditure over time.


gold standard

In countries that accepted the gold standard, currency could be exchanged at a bank for a fixed weight of gold.

2002, Philip Ball, The Elements: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, published 2004, page 57:

(economics) A monetary system where the value of circulating money is linked to the value of gold.


horizontal integration

horizontal integration (countable and uncountable, plural horizontal integrations)

This process of vertical and horizontal integration has resulted in consolidation of control over basic transformation technologies used in the genetic modification of crops; control over proprietary traits; and control over the elite germplasm resources for many of the world's most important commercial crops.

2003, Rachel Schurman, Dennis D. Kelso, chapter 1, in Engineering trouble: biotechnology and its discontents, →ISBN, page 28:

(economics) The integrating of identical stages in the production or marketing process under the ownership or control of a single management organization.


vertical integration

vertical integration (countable and uncountable, plural vertical integrations)

The prevailing wisdom today is that any benefits of vertical integration tend to be outweighed by the greater advantages of specializing in a narrow range of vertical activities.

2005, Robert M. Grant, chapter 13, in Contemporary strategy analysis, →ISBN, page 392:

(economics) The integrating of successive stages in the production and marketing process under the ownership or control of a single management organization.


business economics

(economics) The buying and selling of products from an economical viewpoint, dealing with the manufacture, distribution, and usage of the product.


bracket creep

The corporate tax is essentially a flat-rate tax; thus there is no bracket creep.

1985, C. Eugene Steuerle, Taxes, Loans, and Inflation: How the Nation's Wealth Becomes Misallocated, page 34:

Bracket creep, however, was occurring only among individuals, not corporations. All other things being equal, this bracket creep increased the extent to which borrowing would be undertaken by individuals, not corporations.

1990, John B. Shoven, Joel Waldfogel, Debt, Taxes, and Corporate Restructuring, page 27:

2001, Frederick C. v N. Fourie, How to Think and Reason in Macroeconomics, 2nd edition, page 290,
Bracket creep can be avoided by regularly adjusting tax brackets for inflation, so that the tax brackets remain unchanged in real terms.

progressive taxation
progressive taxation

(taxation) The move towards increased taxation when an inflation adjustment to a wage or salary pushes a taxpayer into a higher tax bracket (or, in a progressive taxation regime, further into a bracket).

verotuksen kiristyminen inflaation myötä


odd lot

Everard liked to shop at the stores specializing in odd lots down by the docks, as he was a cheapskate.

(economics) A set of leftover goods, of a quantity less than an evenly divisible shippable unit, often sold at reduced price.


cash leakage

cash leakage (usually uncountable, plural cash leakages)

financial institution
financial institution

(economics) Money that flows out of the banking system to be held as currency rather than being deposited into some form of financial institution.


policy mix

(economics) the combination of fiscal and monetary policies, especially their perceived relative importance


plafond

(economics) upper limit (typically of a credit or debit card)


vraag

nl-noun

vraag f (plural vragen, diminutive vraagje n)

vragen (plural)
vraagje (diminutive neuter)
vraach (alternative obsolete)
vraagh (alternative obsolete)
vraaghe (alternative obsolete)
vraech (alternative obsolete)
vraeg (alternative obsolete)
vraege (alternative obsolete)
vraegh (alternative obsolete)
vraeghe (alternative obsolete)
vrage (alternative obsolete)
vraghe (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: vraag

Negerhollands: vraag

From Middle Dutch vrage, from Old Dutch *frāga, from Proto-West Germanic *frāgu, from Proto-Germanic *frēgō, from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ-.


static equilibrium

en-noun

static equilibrium (plural static equilibriums or static equilibria)

static equilibriums (plural)
static equilibria (plural)

(economics) A market in which demand and supply are the same.

equilibrio statico

a market in which demand and supply are the same


involution

involution (countable and uncountable, plural involutions)

(economics, social sciences, of a society or nation) A cessation of development or progress despite intense inner competition.

內卷 /内卷

a cessation of development or progress despite intense inner competition


moble

ca-adj

moble m or f (masculine and feminine plural mobles)

Inherited from Old Catalan moble, from Latin mobilem, used in juridical contexts to refer to movable possessions. Compare Occitan mòble, French meuble, Spanish mueble. Doublet of mòbil, a borrowing from Latin.

(economics, law) movable (of property, as opposed to real estate)


τιμή

timí (romanization)
τιμές (plural)
τιμή (nominative singular)
τιμές (nominative plural)
τιμής (genitive singular)
τιμών (genitive plural)
τιμή (accusative singular)
τιμές (accusative plural)
τιμή (singular vocative)
τιμές (plural vocative)

Η προτεινόμενη λιανική τιμή είναι 19,50€.

I proteinómeni lianikí timí eínai 19,50€.

(economics, finance) price, value (of something, asset, fare, etc)


panos

panos (nominative singular)
panokset (nominative plural)
panos (accusative nominative singular)
panokset (accusative nominative plural)
panoksen (accusative genitive singular)
panokset (accusative genitive plural)
panoksen (genitive singular)
panosten (genitive plural)
panoksien (genitive plural)
panosta (partitive singular)
panoksia (partitive plural)
panoksessa (inessive singular)
panoksissa (inessive plural)
panoksesta (elative singular)
panoksista (elative plural)
panokseen (illative singular)
panoksiin (illative plural)
panoksella (adessive singular)
panoksilla (adessive plural)
panokselta (ablative singular)
panoksilta (ablative plural)
panokselle (allative singular)
panoksille (allative plural)
panoksena (essive singular)
panoksina (essive plural)
panokseksi (singular translative)
panoksiksi (plural translative)
panoksetta (abessive singular)
panoksitta (abessive plural)
panoksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
panokseni (nominative singular)
panokseni (nominative plural)
panokseni (accusative nominative singular)
panokseni (accusative nominative plural)
panokseni (accusative genitive singular)
panokseni (accusative genitive plural)
panokseni (genitive singular)
panosteni (genitive plural)
panoksieni (genitive plural)
panostani (partitive singular)
panoksiani (partitive plural)
panoksessani (inessive singular)
panoksissani (inessive plural)
panoksestani (elative singular)
panoksistani (elative plural)
panokseeni (illative singular)
panoksiini (illative plural)
panoksellani (adessive singular)
panoksillani (adessive plural)
panokseltani (ablative singular)
panoksiltani (ablative plural)
panokselleni (allative singular)
panoksilleni (allative plural)
panoksenani (essive singular)
panoksinani (essive plural)
panoksekseni (singular translative)
panoksikseni (plural translative)
panoksettani (abessive singular)
panoksittani (abessive plural)
panoksineni (comitative plural)
panoksesi (nominative singular)
panoksesi (nominative plural)
panoksesi (accusative nominative singular)
panoksesi (accusative nominative plural)
panoksesi (accusative genitive singular)
panoksesi (accusative genitive plural)
panoksesi (genitive singular)
panostesi (genitive plural)
panoksiesi (genitive plural)
panostasi (partitive singular)
panoksiasi (partitive plural)
panoksessasi (inessive singular)
panoksissasi (inessive plural)
panoksestasi (elative singular)
panoksistasi (elative plural)
panokseesi (illative singular)
panoksiisi (illative plural)
panoksellasi (adessive singular)
panoksillasi (adessive plural)
panokseltasi (ablative singular)
panoksiltasi (ablative plural)
panoksellesi (allative singular)
panoksillesi (allative plural)
panoksenasi (essive singular)
panoksinasi (essive plural)
panokseksesi (singular translative)
panoksiksesi (plural translative)
panoksettasi (abessive singular)
panoksittasi (abessive plural)
panoksinesi (comitative plural)
panoksemme (nominative singular)
panoksemme (nominative plural)
panoksemme (accusative nominative singular)
panoksemme (accusative nominative plural)
panoksemme (accusative genitive singular)
panoksemme (accusative genitive plural)
panoksemme (genitive singular)
panostemme (genitive plural)
panoksiemme (genitive plural)
panostamme (partitive singular)
panoksiamme (partitive plural)
panoksessamme (inessive singular)
panoksissamme (inessive plural)
panoksestamme (elative singular)
panoksistamme (elative plural)
panokseemme (illative singular)
panoksiimme (illative plural)
panoksellamme (adessive singular)
panoksillamme (adessive plural)
panokseltamme (ablative singular)
panoksiltamme (ablative plural)
panoksellemme (allative singular)
panoksillemme (allative plural)
panoksenamme (essive singular)
panoksinamme (essive plural)
panokseksemme (singular translative)
panoksiksemme (plural translative)
panoksettamme (abessive singular)
panoksittamme (abessive plural)
panoksinemme (comitative plural)
panoksenne (nominative singular)
panoksenne (nominative plural)
panoksenne (accusative nominative singular)
panoksenne (accusative nominative plural)
panoksenne (accusative genitive singular)
panoksenne (accusative genitive plural)
panoksenne (genitive singular)
panostenne (genitive plural)
panoksienne (genitive plural)
panostanne (partitive singular)
panoksianne (partitive plural)
panoksessanne (inessive singular)
panoksissanne (inessive plural)
panoksestanne (elative singular)
panoksistanne (elative plural)
panokseenne (illative singular)
panoksiinne (illative plural)
panoksellanne (adessive singular)
panoksillanne (adessive plural)
panokseltanne (ablative singular)
panoksiltanne (ablative plural)
panoksellenne (allative singular)
panoksillenne (allative plural)
panoksenanne (essive singular)
panoksinanne (essive plural)
panokseksenne (singular translative)
panoksiksenne (plural translative)
panoksettanne (abessive singular)
panoksittanne (abessive plural)
panoksinenne (comitative plural)
panoksensa (nominative singular)
panoksensa (nominative plural)
panoksensa (accusative nominative singular)
panoksensa (accusative nominative plural)
panoksensa (accusative genitive singular)
panoksensa (accusative genitive plural)
panoksensa (genitive singular)
panostensa (genitive plural)
panoksiensa (genitive plural)
panostaan (partitive singular)
panostansa (partitive singular)
panoksiaan (partitive plural)
panoksiansa (partitive plural)
panoksessaan (inessive singular)
panoksessansa (inessive singular)
panoksissaan (inessive plural)
panoksissansa (inessive plural)
panoksestaan (elative singular)
panoksestansa (elative singular)
panoksistaan (elative plural)
panoksistansa (elative plural)
panokseensa (illative singular)
panoksiinsa (illative plural)
panoksellaan (adessive singular)
panoksellansa (adessive singular)
panoksillaan (adessive plural)
panoksillansa (adessive plural)
panokseltaan (ablative singular)
panokseltansa (ablative singular)
panoksiltaan (ablative plural)
panoksiltansa (ablative plural)
panokselleen (allative singular)
panoksellensa (allative singular)
panoksilleen (allative plural)
panoksillensa (allative plural)
panoksenaan (essive singular)
panoksenansa (essive singular)
panoksinaan (essive plural)
panoksinansa (essive plural)
panoksekseen (singular translative)
panokseksensa (singular translative)
panoksikseen (plural translative)
panoksiksensa (plural translative)
panoksettaan (abessive singular)
panoksettansa (abessive singular)
panoksittaan (abessive plural)
panoksittansa (abessive plural)
panoksineen (comitative plural)
panoksinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *panos. Equivalent to panna (“to put”) + -os.

(economics) contribution, investment, input