repose

en-noun

repose (countable and uncountable, plural reposes)

Berthe Morisot
Rhode Island School of Design Museum
Édouard Manet

The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsĭs, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).
Noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.
Cognates
Catalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)
Italian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)
Old Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)
Portuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)
Spanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)

ref

From the collection of the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

col

Cognates

հանգիստ

temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; an instance of this — see also break, rest

lepo

of the face, a muscle, etc.: state of being relaxed and not in tension

VVe are to take occaſion as much as poſſibly vve can, […] to find the repoſe of vvhich vve ſpeak, by the Light and by the Shadovv, vvhich naturally accompany ſolid Bodies.

1695, [Roger de Piles], “Observations on the Art of Painting of Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy”, in C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC, page 162:

(uncountable, architecture, art) The arrangement of elements of an artwork, a building, etc., that is restful and soothing to a viewer; harmony.


zócalo

→ English: zocalo

From Latin socculus, diminutive of soccus (“slipper”).

En el zócalo de la columnita que habrán ustedes visto en el país, a la derecha, pusieron los artistas la divisa de la cortesana, que dice: virtus in arduis.

1898, Benito Pérez Galdós, “18”, in Mendizábal:

At the base of the little column that you will have seen in the country, on the right, the artists put the courtier's emblem, which says: virtus in arduis.

(architecture) plinth, socle, base (a block or slab upon which a column, pedestal, statue or other structure is based)

En el comedorcito, cuyo zócalo de caoba circunda la menuda habitación, bajo el gran quinqué de ópalo, estarán las flores, y alrededor de ellas, sobre un blanco mantel, las viandas confeccionadas por Hellen.

1913, Abraham Valdelomar, chapter 7, in Tres senas, dos ases:

In the little dining room, whose mahogany baseboard encircles the small room, under the great opal oil lamp, there will be flowers, and around them, on a white tablecloth, the food prepared by Hellen.

(architecture) baseboard, footing, skirting, skirting board; frieze


recess

en-noun

recess (countable and uncountable, plural recesses)

The noun is borrowed from Latin recessus (“act of going back, departure, receding, retiring; (figuratively) retreat, withdrawal; (metonymically) distant, secluded, or secret spot, corner, nook, retreat; recessed part, indentation”) (also Late Latin recessus (“decree or resolution of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire”)), from recēdō (“to go back, recede, retire, withdraw; to go away, depart; (by extension) to disappear, vanish; to separate; to stand back, be distant; to yield”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + cēdō (“to go, move, proceed”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs); influenced by Middle French recès, French recès (“a break, pause; break between classes in school; school vacation; ebbing of tide; reduction”) (also Anglo-Norman recès and Old French recès (“hiding place; hollow”).
Sense 5 (“decree or resolution of the diet of the Holy Roman Empire, etc.”) is possibly influenced by Italian recesso and refers to a decree or resolution made just before a meeting ends.
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Catalan recés
* Italian recesso
* Middle French recès (modern French recès)
* Portuguese recesso
* Spanish receso

дебри

hidden, innermost, or inaccessible place or part of a place

فُسْحة

temporary stoppage of an activity — see also break, pause

[T]he Harmony, Proportion and Beauty of Buildings are equally admirable, vvhether they be executed in plain Free-ſtone, or the moſt beautiful Marble; vvhether the Carvings or Mouldings be gilt or not; the Receſſes or Panels in the VValls be curiouſly painted, or only plaiſter'd.

1742, [Daniel Defoe], “Letter II. Containing a Description of the City of London, as Taking in the City of Westminster, Borough of Southwark, and the Buildings Circumjacent.”, in A Tour thro’ the Whole Island of Great Britain. […], 3rd edition, volume II, London: […] J[ohn] Osborn, […], →OCLC, pages 121–122:

My uncle now clambered on top of the half score of mattresses which form a French bed, and which stood in a deep recess; […]

1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “The Adventure of My Uncle”, in Tales of a Traveller, part 1 (Strange Stories. […]), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC, page 28:

[T]he soldier looked to the oriel windows. The recesses within them were raised a step or two from the wall.

1826, [Walter Scott], chapter III, in Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 87:

Uncertain where to go next, and bewildered by the crowd of people who were already astir, they sat down in one of the recesses of the bridge, to rest.

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 48.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 211:

I hied me to the window-recess; and while I sat there and looked out on the still trees and dim lawn, to a sweet air was sung in mellow tones, […]

1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter IX, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 246:

This hall is the living-room of the house, and walls and roof are of stout logs. […] Deep recesses half way up the walls contain various provender in barrels and sacks.

1902 (date written), J[ames] M[atthew] Barrie, The Admirable Crichton, London, New York, N.Y.: Hodder & Stoughton, […], published [1914], →OCLC, act III (The Happy Home), page 125:

(countable) A depressed, hollow, or indented space; also, a hole or opening.

(architecture) A small space created by building part of a wall further back from the rest; a niche.


recess

en-verb

recess (third-person singular simple present recesses, present participle recessing, simple past and past participle recessed)

recesses (present singular third-person)
recessing (participle present)
recessed (participle past)
recessed (past)

to recess a wall

To make a recess (noun sense 1 and sense 1.1) in (something).

That gargoyle recesses into the rest of architecture.

Recess the screw so it does not stick out.

(also reflexive) Often preceded by in or into: to inset (something) into a recess or niche.


prang

The prang is surrounded by walls, which are in turn surrounded by smaller prangs and chedis, some of which are rather precariously supported.

1995, Joshua Eliot, Thailand and Burma Handbook 1996, page 216:

The second platform surrounds the base of the prang proper, whose closed entranceways are guarded by four statues of the Hindu god Indra on his three-headed elephant Erawan.

2001, Paul Gray, Lucy Ridout, The Rough Guide to Bangkok, page 119:

(architecture) A type of tower or spire featured in some Buddhist temples of Cambodia and Thailand.


profil

profilok (plural)
profil (nominative singular)
profilok (nominative plural)
profilt (accusative singular)
profilokat (accusative plural)
profilnak (dative singular)
profiloknak (dative plural)
profillal (instrumental singular)
profilokkal (instrumental plural)
profilért (causal-final singular)
profilokért (causal-final plural)
profillá (singular translative)
profilokká (plural translative)
profilig (singular terminative)
profilokig (plural terminative)
profilként (essive-formal singular)
profilokként (essive-formal plural)
profilban (inessive singular)
profilokban (inessive plural)
profilon (singular superessive)
profilokon (plural superessive)
profilnál (adessive singular)
profiloknál (adessive plural)
profilba (illative singular)
profilokba (illative plural)
profilra (singular sublative)
profilokra (plural sublative)
profilhoz (allative singular)
profilokhoz (allative plural)
profilból (elative singular)
profilokból (elative plural)
profilról (delative singular)
profilokról (delative plural)
profiltól (ablative singular)
profiloktól (ablative plural)
profilé (singular)
profiloké (plural)
profiléi (singular)
profilokéi (plural)
profilom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
profiljaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
profilod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
profiljaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
profilja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
profiljai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
profilunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
profiljaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
profilotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
profiljaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
profiljuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
profiljaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From German Profil, from Italian profilo.

(architecture) profile (a section of any member, made at right angles with its main lines)


profil

profil (nominative singular)
profile (nominative plural)
profilu (genitive singular)
profili (genitive plural)
profilów (genitive plural)
profilowi (dative singular)
profilom (dative plural)
profil (accusative singular)
profile (accusative plural)
profilem (instrumental singular)
profilami (instrumental plural)
profilu (locative singular)
profilach (locative plural)
profilu (singular vocative)
profile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French profil, from Italian profilo.

(architecture) profile (decorative strip projecting above the surface of a wall, furniture, etc.)


ábaco

From Latin abacus, from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “a calculation board covered with sand”).

der

(architecture) abacus (uppermost member or division of the capital of a column)


respond

From Middle English respounden, from Old French respondre, from Late Latin respondō, from Latin respondeō. Cf. Modern French répondre.

(architecture) A half-pillar, pilaster, or any corresponding device engaged in a wall to receive the impost of an arch.


dóm

dómok (plural)
dóm (nominative singular)
dómok (nominative plural)
dómot (accusative singular)
dómokat (accusative plural)
dómnak (dative singular)
dómoknak (dative plural)
dómmal (instrumental singular)
dómokkal (instrumental plural)
dómért (causal-final singular)
dómokért (causal-final plural)
dómmá (singular translative)
dómokká (plural translative)
dómig (singular terminative)
dómokig (plural terminative)
dómként (essive-formal singular)
dómokként (essive-formal plural)
dómban (inessive singular)
dómokban (inessive plural)
dómon (singular superessive)
dómokon (plural superessive)
dómnál (adessive singular)
dómoknál (adessive plural)
dómba (illative singular)
dómokba (illative plural)
dómra (singular sublative)
dómokra (plural sublative)
dómhoz (allative singular)
dómokhoz (allative plural)
dómból (elative singular)
dómokból (elative plural)
dómról (delative singular)
dómokról (delative plural)
dómtól (ablative singular)
dómoktól (ablative plural)
dómé (singular)
dómoké (plural)
dóméi (singular)
dómokéi (plural)
dómom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
dómjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
dómod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
dómjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
dómja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
dómjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
dómunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
dómjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
dómotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
dómjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
dómjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
dómjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from French dôme, from Late Latin dōma (“roof, housetop”).

(architecture) dome, cupola (a structural element resembling the hollow upper half of a sphere)


controller

/kənˈtɹəʊlə/

From Middle English countreroller, from Anglo-Norman contreroulour and Middle French contreroleur (French contrôleur), from Medieval Latin contrārotulātor, from *contrārotulāre (from which control). By surface analysis, control + -er.

software architecture
software architecture

(software architecture) In software applications using the model-view-controller design pattern, the part or parts of the application that treat input and output, forming an interface between models and views.


scroll

From Middle English scrowle, scrolle, from earlier scrowe, scrouwe (influenced by Middle English rolle), from Old French escroe, escrowe, escrouwe (“scroll, strip of parchment”), from Frankish *skrōda (“a shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō, from *skrew- (“to cut; cutting tool”), extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Doublet of shred and escrow.

(architecture) An ornament formed of undulations giving off spirals or sprays, usually suggestive of plant form. Roman architectural ornament is largely of some scroll pattern.


turret

From Middle English touret, from Old French torete (French tourette), diminutive of tour (“tower”), from Latin turris. Doublet of tor, tourelle, and tower. See tower.

оръдейна кула

a revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates

Their Victorian house had three turrets and a large amount of gingerbread trim.

There breathes no being but has some pretence / To that fine instinct called poetic sense; […] / The freeman, casting with unpurchased hand / The vote that shakes the turrets of the land.

1836, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., “Poetry: A Metrical Essay”, republished in The Poems of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, 1862, OCLC 5091562, pages 7–8

Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night,
Has flung the Stone that puts the Stars to Flight:
And Lo! the Hunter of the East has caught
The Sultán's Turret in a Noose of light.

1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 1:

(architecture) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the corners of a building or castle.


abakus

abakus (nominative singular)
abakukset (nominative plural)
abakus (accusative nominative singular)
abakukset (accusative nominative plural)
abakuksen (accusative genitive singular)
abakukset (accusative genitive plural)
abakuksen (genitive singular)
abakusten (genitive plural)
abakuksien (genitive plural)
abakusta (partitive singular)
abakuksia (partitive plural)
abakuksessa (inessive singular)
abakuksissa (inessive plural)
abakuksesta (elative singular)
abakuksista (elative plural)
abakukseen (illative singular)
abakuksiin (illative plural)
abakuksella (adessive singular)
abakuksilla (adessive plural)
abakukselta (ablative singular)
abakuksilta (ablative plural)
abakukselle (allative singular)
abakuksille (allative plural)
abakuksena (essive singular)
abakuksina (essive plural)
abakukseksi (singular translative)
abakuksiksi (plural translative)
abakuksetta (abessive singular)
abakuksitta (abessive plural)
abakuksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
abakukseni (nominative singular)
abakukseni (nominative plural)
abakukseni (accusative nominative singular)
abakukseni (accusative nominative plural)
abakukseni (accusative genitive singular)
abakukseni (accusative genitive plural)
abakukseni (genitive singular)
abakusteni (genitive plural)
abakuksieni (genitive plural)
abakustani (partitive singular)
abakuksiani (partitive plural)
abakuksessani (inessive singular)
abakuksissani (inessive plural)
abakuksestani (elative singular)
abakuksistani (elative plural)
abakukseeni (illative singular)
abakuksiini (illative plural)
abakuksellani (adessive singular)
abakuksillani (adessive plural)
abakukseltani (ablative singular)
abakuksiltani (ablative plural)
abakukselleni (allative singular)
abakuksilleni (allative plural)
abakuksenani (essive singular)
abakuksinani (essive plural)
abakuksekseni (singular translative)
abakuksikseni (plural translative)
abakuksettani (abessive singular)
abakuksittani (abessive plural)
abakuksineni (comitative plural)
abakuksesi (nominative singular)
abakuksesi (nominative plural)
abakuksesi (accusative nominative singular)
abakuksesi (accusative nominative plural)
abakuksesi (accusative genitive singular)
abakuksesi (accusative genitive plural)
abakuksesi (genitive singular)
abakustesi (genitive plural)
abakuksiesi (genitive plural)
abakustasi (partitive singular)
abakuksiasi (partitive plural)
abakuksessasi (inessive singular)
abakuksissasi (inessive plural)
abakuksestasi (elative singular)
abakuksistasi (elative plural)
abakukseesi (illative singular)
abakuksiisi (illative plural)
abakuksellasi (adessive singular)
abakuksillasi (adessive plural)
abakukseltasi (ablative singular)
abakuksiltasi (ablative plural)
abakuksellesi (allative singular)
abakuksillesi (allative plural)
abakuksenasi (essive singular)
abakuksinasi (essive plural)
abakukseksesi (singular translative)
abakuksiksesi (plural translative)
abakuksettasi (abessive singular)
abakuksittasi (abessive plural)
abakuksinesi (comitative plural)
abakuksemme (nominative singular)
abakuksemme (nominative plural)
abakuksemme (accusative nominative singular)
abakuksemme (accusative nominative plural)
abakuksemme (accusative genitive singular)
abakuksemme (accusative genitive plural)
abakuksemme (genitive singular)
abakustemme (genitive plural)
abakuksiemme (genitive plural)
abakustamme (partitive singular)
abakuksiamme (partitive plural)
abakuksessamme (inessive singular)
abakuksissamme (inessive plural)
abakuksestamme (elative singular)
abakuksistamme (elative plural)
abakukseemme (illative singular)
abakuksiimme (illative plural)
abakuksellamme (adessive singular)
abakuksillamme (adessive plural)
abakukseltamme (ablative singular)
abakuksiltamme (ablative plural)
abakuksellemme (allative singular)
abakuksillemme (allative plural)
abakuksenamme (essive singular)
abakuksinamme (essive plural)
abakukseksemme (singular translative)
abakuksiksemme (plural translative)
abakuksettamme (abessive singular)
abakuksittamme (abessive plural)
abakuksinemme (comitative plural)
abakuksenne (nominative singular)
abakuksenne (nominative plural)
abakuksenne (accusative nominative singular)
abakuksenne (accusative nominative plural)
abakuksenne (accusative genitive singular)
abakuksenne (accusative genitive plural)
abakuksenne (genitive singular)
abakustenne (genitive plural)
abakuksienne (genitive plural)
abakustanne (partitive singular)
abakuksianne (partitive plural)
abakuksessanne (inessive singular)
abakuksissanne (inessive plural)
abakuksestanne (elative singular)
abakuksistanne (elative plural)
abakukseenne (illative singular)
abakuksiinne (illative plural)
abakuksellanne (adessive singular)
abakuksillanne (adessive plural)
abakukseltanne (ablative singular)
abakuksiltanne (ablative plural)
abakuksellenne (allative singular)
abakuksillenne (allative plural)
abakuksenanne (essive singular)
abakuksinanne (essive plural)
abakukseksenne (singular translative)
abakuksiksenne (plural translative)
abakuksettanne (abessive singular)
abakuksittanne (abessive plural)
abakuksinenne (comitative plural)
abakuksensa (nominative singular)
abakuksensa (nominative plural)
abakuksensa (accusative nominative singular)
abakuksensa (accusative nominative plural)
abakuksensa (accusative genitive singular)
abakuksensa (accusative genitive plural)
abakuksensa (genitive singular)
abakustensa (genitive plural)
abakuksiensa (genitive plural)
abakustaan (partitive singular)
abakustansa (partitive singular)
abakuksiaan (partitive plural)
abakuksiansa (partitive plural)
abakuksessaan (inessive singular)
abakuksessansa (inessive singular)
abakuksissaan (inessive plural)
abakuksissansa (inessive plural)
abakuksestaan (elative singular)
abakuksestansa (elative singular)
abakuksistaan (elative plural)
abakuksistansa (elative plural)
abakukseensa (illative singular)
abakuksiinsa (illative plural)
abakuksellaan (adessive singular)
abakuksellansa (adessive singular)
abakuksillaan (adessive plural)
abakuksillansa (adessive plural)
abakukseltaan (ablative singular)
abakukseltansa (ablative singular)
abakuksiltaan (ablative plural)
abakuksiltansa (ablative plural)
abakukselleen (allative singular)
abakuksellensa (allative singular)
abakuksilleen (allative plural)
abakuksillensa (allative plural)
abakuksenaan (essive singular)
abakuksenansa (essive singular)
abakuksinaan (essive plural)
abakuksinansa (essive plural)
abakuksekseen (singular translative)
abakukseksensa (singular translative)
abakuksikseen (plural translative)
abakuksiksensa (plural translative)
abakuksettaan (abessive singular)
abakuksettansa (abessive singular)
abakuksittaan (abessive plural)
abakuksittansa (abessive plural)
abakuksineen (comitative plural)
abakuksinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈɑ̝bɑ̝kus̠]

Internationalism (see English abacus), ultimately from Latin abacus.

(architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)


abakus

From Dutch abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).


abakus

abakus m (definite singular abakusen, indefinite plural abakuser, definite plural abakusene)

abakusen (definite singular)
abakuser (indefinite plural)
abakusene (definite plural)

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «abakus».ogg

From Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”), possibly from a Semitic source, such as Phoenician -𐤀𐤁𐤀𐤒 (-ʾbʾq) or Hebrew אָבָק (avák, “dust”).

den korinthiske [søyle], hvis abacus, bøiet og med afskaarne hjørner, bar en liden roset paa hver sides midte

1902, Lorentz Dietrichson, Omrids af den kirkelige Kunstarkæologi, page 34:

the Corinthian [pillar], whose abacus, bent and with truncated corners, bore a small rosette in the middle of each side

Abakus er den øvre, plateformete delen av kapitélet på en søyle, som benyttes som opplagringspunkt for bjelker.

The abacus is the upper, plate-shaped part of the capital of a pillar, which is used as a storage point for beams.

(architecture, art) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave)


abakus

abakus m (definite singular abakusen, indefinite plural abakusar, definite plural abakusane)

abakusen (definite singular)
abakusar (indefinite plural)
abakusane (definite plural)


abakus

abakus (nominative singular)
abakusy (nominative plural)
abakusa (genitive singular)
abakusów (genitive plural)
abakusowi (dative singular)
abakusom (dative plural)
abakus (accusative singular)
abakusy (accusative plural)
abakusem (instrumental singular)
abakusami (instrumental plural)
abakusie (locative singular)
abakusach (locative plural)
abakusie (singular vocative)
abakusy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin abacus. Doublet of abak.

spoczywać na abakusie

(architecture) abacus (uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave; in some cases, a flat oblong or square slab, in others, more decorated)


annulet

From Latin ānnulus (“small ring”) + -et.

(architecture) A ring-shaped molding at the top of a column.


rib

From Middle English rib, ribbe, from Old English ribb (“rib”), from Proto-West Germanic *ribi, from Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“arch, ceiling, cover”).
Cognate with Dutch rib (“rib”), Norwegian ribbe (“sparerib”), Norwegian ribben (“rib”), Low German ribbe (“rib”), German Rippe (“rib”), Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”), Serbo-Croatian rèbro (“rib”).
(wife or woman): In reference to the creation of Eve from Adam's rib in the Bible.

ребро

shaping and supporting member in an aircraft wing

(architecture) A long, narrow, usually arched member projecting from the surface of a structure, especially such a member separating the webs of a vault


eaves

PIE word
 *upér
From Middle English eves (“projecting lower edge of a roof”) [and other forms], from Old English efes, yfes, *ofes (“edge of a roof”), from Proto-West Germanic *ubisu (“hall”), from Proto-Germanic *ubiswō (compare Gothic 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰 (ubizwa), Old High German obasa (“hall; porch; roof”)), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“above; over”) (whence over).

nb...

euez, euese, evese, ewse, eyues, eyuis, hevese, ouese, ouise, ovese

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-eaves.wav

Him that you term'd Sir, the good old Lord Gonzallo, / His teares runs downe his beard like winters drops / From eaues of reeds: […]

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 16, column 2:

Thus night oft ſee me in thy pale career, / Till civil-ſuited morn appeer, / […] / Or uſher'd with a ſhower ſtill, / When the guſt hath blown his fill, / Ending on the ruſsling Leaves, / With minute drops from off the Eaves.

a. 1645, John Milton, “Il Penseroso”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC, page 42:

By my window bowered round with leaves, / And down my cheeks the quick tears ran / Like twinkling rain-drops from the eaves, / When warm spring showers are passing o'er: […]

1818 August, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Rosalind and Helen”, in Rosalind and Helen, a Modern Eclogue; with Other Poems, London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for C[harles] and J[ames] Ollier, […], published 1819, →OCLC, page 22:

(architecture) The underside of a roof that extends beyond the external walls of a building.


transom

From Middle English traunsom; probably an alteration of Latin trānstrum (“crossbeam”).

a hinged glassed frame above such a crossbar

(architecture) A crosspiece over a door; a lintel.

(architecture) A horizontal glazing bar in a window.


gelosia

(architecture) a latticework placed over a window to provide privacy and reduce glare


gelosia

→ French: jalousie (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: gelosia

→ Romanian: gelozie

(architecture) shutter (of a Venetian blind)


equino

Learned borrowing from Latin echīnus, from Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos).


equino

From Latin echīnus, from Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos).


temper

en-noun

temper (countable and uncountable, plural tempers)

From Middle English temperen, tempren, from Old English ġetemprian, temprian, borrowed from Latin temperō (“I divide or proportion duly, I moderate, I regulate; intransitive senses I am moderate, I am temperate”), from tempus (“time, fit season”). Compare also French tempérer. Doublet of tamper. See temporal.

der

(pottery, architecture) A non-plastic material, such as sand, added to clay to prevent shrinkage and cracking during drying or firing; tempering.


architrave

First attested 1563, borrowed from Italian architrave, from archi- (“main”) + trave (“beam”).

(architecture) The lowest part of an entablature; rests on the capitals of the columns.

I know that one hinge of this door has parted with the woodwork. Dry rot has turned the architrave to compacted dust.

2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, page 17:

(architecture) The moldings (or other elements) framing a door, window or other rectangular opening.


trave

From Middle English trave, from Middle French trave, from Latin trabem, accusative of trabs (“beam, thing made using beams”).

(architecture) A section formed by crossbeams.


trave

From Old Galician-Portuguese trave, from Latin trabem (“beam”).


cryptoporticus

en-noun

cryptoporticus (plural cryptoporticuses or cryptoportici)

cryptoporticuses (plural)
cryptoportici (plural)
cryptoportico (alternative)

The close walkes, which were called cryptoporticus were not of choice but of necessitie, when extremitie of weather would not let them walke abroad.

1581, Richard Mulcaster, Positions, London: Longmans, Green and Company, published 1888, page 87:

(Roman architecture) A vaulted corridor or arcade at, or just below ground level; normally lit by openings in the upper part of the vault. Also a roofed promenade that is enclosed with side walls that have windows or openings instead of columns.


cryptoporticus

la-noun

cryptoporticus f (genitive cryptoporticūs); fourth declension

cryptoporticūs (genitive)
cryptoporticus (nominative singular)
cryptoporticūs (nominative plural)
cryptoporticūs (genitive singular)
cryptoporticuum (genitive plural)
cryptoporticuī (dative singular)
cryptoporticibus (dative plural)
cryptoporticum (accusative singular)
cryptoporticūs (accusative plural)
cryptoporticū (ablative singular)
cryptoporticibus (ablative plural)
cryptoporticus (singular vocative)
cryptoporticūs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “concealed, hidden”) + -o- + porticus.


portico

→ Dutch: portico

→ English: portico

→ Finnish: portiikki

From Latin porticus. Doublet of portego.


église

Antillean Creole: légliz

Guianese Creole: légliz

Haitian Creole: legliz

Karipúna Creole French: legliz

Louisiana Creole: legliz

→ Malagasy: eglizy

Seychellois Creole: legliz

→ Tayo: leglis

Inherited from Middle French eglise, from Old French eglise, esglise, from Vulgar Latin *eclesia, from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “gathering”).
* Cognate with Catalan església, Italian chiesa, Portuguese igreja, Spanish iglesia


SOA

en-noun

SOA (countable and uncountable, plural SOAs)

search-oriented architecture
search-oriented architecture#English

(computing, architecture) Initialism of search-oriented architecture.

service-oriented architecture
service-oriented architecture#English

(computing, architecture) Initialism of service-oriented architecture.


pier

From Middle English pere (“bridge pillar”), from Medieval Latin pera, from Old Northern French pire (“breakwater”), from Vulgar Latin *petricus, from Latin petra, from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “stone”).

(architecture) A rectangular pillar, or similar structure, that supports an arch, wall or roof, or the hinges of a gate.


pier

nl-noun

pier m (plural pieren, diminutive piertje n)

pieren (plural)
piertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: pir


cantilever

cantilevers (plural)
cantalever (alternative dated)
cantaliver (alternative dated)

First attested in the 1660s, probably from cant (“slope, edge, corner”) + lever, but the earliest form (c. 1610) was cantlapper. First element may also be Spanish can (“dog”), an architect's term for an end of timber jutting out of a wall, on which beams rested.

Eventually Sir John Fowler's and Sir Benjamin Baker's continuous steel girder bridge on the cantilever principle was adopted.

1941 January, the late John Phillimore, “The Forth Bridge 1890-1940”, in Railway Magazine, page 5:

He loved Litchfield, Sharon, Williamsburg; he preferred the Georgian, and he had theories about developing a truly American style. He was called a plodder by all the Kivis, and in turn he disliked their bleak blocks of Modernist cement, their glass-fronted hen-houses, their architectural spiders with cantilever claws.

1951, Sinclair Lewis, World So Wide, Chapter:

The underframe, which has been designed to take buffing loads of 200 tons both on the centre coupler and on the retractable side buffers, consists of two centre girders from which cantilevers project to support the solebars, which in turn carry the bodyside structure.

1951 May, “British Railways Standard Coaches”, in Railway Magazine, page 327:

The service stairs were next to the main stairs, separated only by a wall, but what a difference there was between them: the narrow back stairs, dangerously unrailed, under the bleak gleam of a skylight, each step worn down to a steep hollow, turned tightly in a deep grey shaft; whereas the great main sweep, a miracle of cantilevers, dividing and joining again, was hung with the portraits of prince-bishops, and had ears of corn in its wrought-iron banisters that trembled to the tread.

2004, Alan Hollinghurst, chapter 10, in The Line of Beauty […], London: Picador, →ISBN:

The plank along which pirates made their victims walk was a cantilever. So is a diving board. As you walk along the plank, the unsupported ends dips [sic]. It's possible to arrange for two cantilevers to be connected at their unsupported ends, which would let you seamlessly cross from one cantilever to the other while also distributing your weight across both fixed ends.

2023 May 3, Philip Haigh, “The art and science of building bridges”, in RAIL, number 982, page 40:

(architecture) A beam anchored at one end and projecting into space, such as a long bracket projecting from a wall to support a balcony.


ordre

ordres (plural)
orde (alternative Balearic Southern Western)
olda (alternative)

Inherited from Old Catalan ordre~orde~orden, from Latin ōrdinem. The plural form órdens, with conservation of the Latin /n/, is still used in Valencia and Ibiza. Compare Occitan ordre, French ordre.

(biology, architecture, mathematics) order


ordre

→ Danish: ordre

→ Norwegian Bokmål: ordre

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ordre

Inherited from Old French ordre, ordene, borrowed from Latin ōrdinem (accusative of ōrdo). Doublet of the inherited orne, now a regional term with a specialized agricultural sense.


ev

head

ev (definite accusative evi, plural evler)

evi (accusative definite)
evler (plural)
ev (nominative singular)
evler (nominative plural)
evi (accusative definite singular)
evleri (accusative definite plural)
eve (dative singular)
evlere (dative plural)
evde (locative singular)
evlerde (locative plural)
evden (ablative singular)
evlerden (ablative plural)
evin (genitive singular)
evlerin (genitive plural)
evim (first-person nominative singular)
evlerim (first-person nominative singular)
evin (nominative second-person singular)
evlerin (nominative second-person singular)
evi (nominative singular third-person)
evleri (nominative singular third-person)
evimiz (first-person nominative plural)
evlerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
eviniz (nominative plural second-person)
evleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
evleri (nominative plural third-person)
evimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
evlerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
evini (accusative definite second-person singular)
evlerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
evini (accusative definite singular third-person)
evlerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
evimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
evlerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
evinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
evlerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
evlerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
evime (dative first-person singular)
evlerime (dative first-person singular)
evine (dative second-person singular)
evlerine (dative second-person singular)
evine (dative singular third-person)
evlerine (dative singular third-person)
evimize (dative first-person plural)
evlerimize (dative first-person plural)
evinize (dative plural second-person)
evlerinize (dative plural second-person)
evlerine (dative plural third-person)
evimde (first-person locative singular)
evlerimde (first-person locative singular)
evinde (locative second-person singular)
evlerinde (locative second-person singular)
evinde (locative singular third-person)
evlerinde (locative singular third-person)
evimizde (first-person locative plural)
evlerimizde (first-person locative plural)
evinizde (locative plural second-person)
evlerinizde (locative plural second-person)
evlerinde (locative plural third-person)
evimden (ablative first-person singular)
evlerimden (ablative first-person singular)
evinden (ablative second-person singular)
evlerinden (ablative second-person singular)
evinden (ablative singular third-person)
evlerinden (ablative singular third-person)
evimizden (ablative first-person plural)
evlerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
evinizden (ablative plural second-person)
evlerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
evlerinden (ablative plural third-person)
evimin (first-person genitive singular)
evlerimin (first-person genitive singular)
evinin (genitive second-person singular)
evlerinin (genitive second-person singular)
evinin (genitive singular third-person)
evlerinin (genitive singular third-person)
evimizin (first-person genitive plural)
evlerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
evinizin (genitive plural second-person)
evlerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
evlerinin (genitive plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish أو (ev, “house”), from Proto-Turkic *eb (“dwelling place, house”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋 (eb).

der

(architecture) A building for a family to reside in; house, home, abode.


тимпан

ru-noun+

тимпа́н • (timpán) m inan (genitive тимпа́на, nominative plural тимпа́ны, genitive plural тимпа́нов)

тимпа́н (canonical)
timpán (romanization)
тимпа́на (genitive)
тимпа́ны (nominative plural)
тимпа́нов (genitive plural)
тимпа́н (nominative singular)
тимпа́ны (nominative plural)
тимпа́на (genitive singular)
тимпа́нов (genitive plural)
тимпа́ну (dative singular)
тимпа́нам (dative plural)
тимпа́н (accusative singular)
тимпа́ны (accusative plural)
тимпа́ном (instrumental singular)
тимпа́нами (instrumental plural)
тимпа́не (prepositional singular)
тимпа́нах (plural prepositional)


octostyle

The Parthenon in Athens is an octostyle, but most large Greek temples are hexastyle.

(architecture) A temple or portico with eight columns in front.


apophyge

From Ancient Greek ἀποφυγή (apophugḗ), from ἀπο- (apo-, “away”) and φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”).

(architecture) A curvature found on the top or bottom of certain columns.

apophyge

(architecture) a curvature found on the top or bottom of certain columns


modillion

Borrowed from Italian modiglione. Doublet of moellon.

1922, Claude Fayette Bragdon in The Beautiful Necessity: Seven Essays on Theosophy and Architecture, Essay II, Unity and Polarity
The familiar classic console or modillion is an example: although in general contour it is well adapted to its function as a supporting bracket, embedded in, and projecting from a wall, yet the scroll-like ornament with which its sides are embellished gives it the appearance of not entering the wall at all, but of being stuck against it in some miraculous manner.

(architecture) A decoratively carved supporting block atop a column.


skillion

From dialect skilling, from Middle English skyling.

(architecture) A room built against the back of another building, having a separate roof.


Abakus

de-noun

Abakus m (strong, genitive Abakus, plural Abakusse or Abaki or Abakus)

Abakus (genitive)
Abakusse (plural)
Abaki (plural)
Abakus (plural)
Abakus (nominative singular)
Abakusse (definite nominative plural)
Abaki (definite nominative plural)
Abakus (definite nominative plural)
Abakus (genitive singular)
Abakusse (definite genitive plural)
Abaki (definite genitive plural)
Abakus (definite genitive plural)
Abakus (dative singular)
Abakussen (dative definite plural)
Abaki (dative definite plural)
Abakus (dative definite plural)
Abakus (accusative singular)
Abakusse (accusative definite plural)
Abaki (accusative definite plural)
Abakus (accusative definite plural)
Abacus (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Latin abacus, genitive and plural abacī.

Die Abakus sind aber beschriftet, […]

1983, Dieter Kurth, Die Dekoration der Säulen im Pronaos des Tempels von Edfu:

The abacuses are, however, inscribed, […]

[…] auch die Abaki der übrigen Kapitelle sind für das Gebälk dieser Halle zu schmal, […]

1984, Wolfram Martini, Das Gymnasium von Samos, page 38:

[…] the abacuses of the remaining capitals, too, are too slender for the entablature of this hall, […]

Die Abakusse aller Kapitelle […]

2000, Gerda Hagenau, Zwischen deutscher und polnischer Literatur, page 87:

(architecture) abacus (uppermost part of a column)


Angel

Angel (genitive)
Angeln (plural)
Angel (nominative singular)
Angeln (definite nominative plural)
Angel (genitive singular)
Angeln (definite genitive plural)
Angel (dative singular)
Angeln (dative definite plural)
Angel (accusative singular)
Angeln (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German angel, from Old High German angul, from Proto-Germanic *angulō, *angô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk- (“something bent, hook”). Compare Dutch angel, hengel, English angle.

der

Auch die Angeln an den Türen des inneren Hauses, des Allerheiligsten, und an den Türen der Tempelhalle waren aus Gold.

2003, Franz Eugen Schlachter, Die Bibel (“Schlachter 2000”), Genfer Bibelgesellschaft, Kings I 7:50:

Also the hinges on the doors of the inner house, the Holy of Holies, and on the doors of the temple hall, were of gold.

(architecture) hinge (a jointed or flexible device that allows the pivoting of a door, window, etc.)


Attic

en-adj

Attic (comparative more Attic, superlative most Attic)

more Attic (comparative)
most Attic (superlative)

From Latin Atticus, from Ancient Greek Ἀττικός (Attikós), from some Pre-Greek demonym or toponym for Athens and its hinterland of Attica + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic: forming adjectives”). Equivalent to a modified and clipped Athens + -ic. Doublet of Atticus.

(historical) Of or related to Attica, ancient Athens and its hinterland, particularly:

(architecture) Of or related to ancient Athenian architecture.


Bogen

de-noun

Bogen m (strong, genitive Bogens, plural Bögen or Bogen, diminutive Bögelchen n)

Bogens (genitive)
Bögen (plural)
Bogen (plural)
Bögelchen (diminutive neuter)
Bogen (nominative singular)
Bögen (definite nominative plural)
Bogen (definite nominative plural)
Bogens (genitive singular)
Bögen (definite genitive plural)
Bogen (definite genitive plural)
Bogen (dative singular)
Bögen (dative definite plural)
Bogen (dative definite plural)
Bogen (accusative singular)
Bögen (accusative definite plural)
Bogen (accusative definite plural)

→ Kashubian: bóga

From Middle High German boge, from Old High German bogo, from Proto-West Germanic *bogō, from Proto-Germanic *bugô. Compare Dutch boog, English bow, Danish bue, Norwegian Nynorsk boge, Swedish båge.


Helm

Helm m (strong, genitive Helmes or Helms, plural Helme)

Helmes (genitive)
Helms (genitive)
Helme (plural)
Helm (nominative singular)
Helme (definite nominative plural)
Helmes (genitive singular)
Helms (genitive singular)
Helme (definite genitive plural)
Helm (dative singular)
Helme (dative singular)
Helmen (dative definite plural)
Helm (accusative singular)
Helme (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German helm, from Old High German helm, from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Compare Low German Helm, Dutch helm, English helm, Danish hjelm.

de:Helm (Architektur)
de:Helm (Heraldik)


Ionic

From Ancient Greek ἰωνικός (iōnikós, “related to Ionians”).

uder

(architecture) of an order of classical Greek architecture whose distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes.


Muster

de-noun

Muster n (strong, genitive Musters, plural Muster)

Musters (genitive)
Muster (plural)
Muster (nominative singular)
Muster (definite nominative plural)
Musters (genitive singular)
Muster (definite genitive plural)
Muster (dative singular)
Mustern (dative definite plural)
Muster (accusative singular)
Muster (accusative definite plural)

15th century, via Italian mostra (“exhibition”) (Vulgar Latin mōstra), from Latin mōnstrum (“omen”), linked to Latin monstrāre (“to show”) (Vulgar Latin mōstrāre).

(architecture, software, design) pattern


Pass

Pass m (strong, genitive Passes, plural Pässe)

Passes (genitive)
Pässe (plural)
Paß (alternative proscribed)

(architecture, dated) gothic pass (an ornament consisting of several arches)


Perpendicular

en-adj

Perpendicular (comparative more Perpendicular, superlative most Perpendicular)

more Perpendicular (comparative)
most Perpendicular (superlative)

(architecture) Of a style of English Gothic architecture from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, marked by stiff and rectilinear lines, mostly vertical window-tracery, depressed or four-centre arch, fan-tracery vaulting, and panelled walls.


Portal

de-noun

Portal n (strong, genitive Portales or Portals, plural Portale)

Portales (genitive)
Portals (genitive)
Portale (plural)
Portal (nominative singular)
Portale (definite nominative plural)
Portales (genitive singular)
Portals (genitive singular)
Portale (definite genitive plural)
Portal (dative singular)
Portale (dative singular)
Portalen (dative definite plural)
Portal (accusative singular)
Portale (accusative definite plural)


Roman

en-adj

Roman (comparative more Roman, superlative most Roman)

more Roman (comparative)
most Roman (superlative)

From Old French Romain, from Latin Rōmānus. In reference to the Byzantine Empire, via the Byzantine Greek endonym Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos). By surface analysis, Rome + -an. Doublet of Romano.

(architecture) Of a style characterised by the size and boldness of its round arches and vaults, and having baths, aqueducts, basilicas, amphitheatres, etc.


Tuscan

From Middle English Tuscan, from Late Latin Tuscānus (“belonging to the Tusci”), a people of ancient Italy, from Tuscus, earlier *Truscus, shortened form of Etruscus (“Etruscan”).

der

(architecture) Belonging to the simplest of the five classical orders of architecture, being a Roman modification of the Doric style, with unfluted columns, and without triglyphs.


cornish

So the curve of Stonehenge, which is above 100 English feet, appears extraordinary large and well proportion'd, upon a height of 18 foot, which reaches to the top of the outer cornish; that of the inner cornishes is but 24 foot high, at a medium. For the cornishes of the inner part of Stonehenge, or that which Webb calls the cell, are not all of equal height, of which in proper place.

1730, William Stukeley, Stonehenge: A Temple Restor'd to the British Druids, page 11:

The four rooms in the length of this building have door places crown'd with double cornishes, as represented in the plate of that architecture, together with ornaments of the winged globe.

1743, Richard Pococke, A Description of the East and Some Other Countries, page 63:

And all the way along the edges here we'll be putting in cornishes. They're under the scaffolding there in the corner, you can take a look. These are six-inch cornishes.

2009, Ivan Vladislavic, Portrait with Keys: The City of Johannesburg Unlocked, page 114:

(architecture) Alternative form of cornice.


clerestory

clerestories (plural)
clearstory (alternative)
clerstory (alternative)

From Middle English clerestory, from clere (“clear: light, lighted”) + story (“storey/story: level of a building”).

On the Visby-Västerhejde Railway there is a steam car. [...] The upperworks consist of a short clerestory coach body with end platforms and the engine chimney protruding from the roof like a stovepipe.

1939 July, “Overseas Railways: Baltic Island Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 49:

The cars built before 1913 had clerestory roofs, after the American style, and also were provided with gates and end vestibule platforms requiring gatemen.

1951 January, “The Inner Circle and its Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine, page 59:

(architecture) The upper part of a wall containing windows to let in natural light to a building, especially in the nave, transept and choir of a church or cathedral.


lamia

From Byzantine Greek λάμια n pl (lámia, “deep openings”).

uder

(southern Italy, architecture) a type of vault used in rustic buildings


cassette

nl-noun

cassette f (plural cassettes or cassetten, diminutive cassettetje n)

cassettes (plural)
cassetten (plural)
cassettetje (diminutive neuter)

(architecture) a coffer (sunken panel in a ceiling)


nervure

(architecture) One of the ribs in a groined vault; a projecting moulding.


airlock

airlocks (plural)
air lock (alternative)
air-lock (alternative)

→ Japanese: エアロック (earokku)

(architecture, informal) A vestibule, foyer or entranceway with doors to the exterior on one end and doors to the interior on the other, functioning to keep indoor and outdoor air, humidity, and air temperatures separate.


truss

From Middle English trusse, from Old French trousse, torse. Doublet of torse and trousse.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-truss.wav

The weight of the wrought-ironwork in each of the trusses is 460 tons, inclusive of the longitudinal and cross girders weighing 130 tons.

1952 September, “Chepstow River Bridge Centenary”, in Railway Magazine, page 623:

(architecture) A structure made up of one or more triangular units made from straight beams of wood or metal, which is used to support a structure as in a roof or bridge.

фе́рма

стропи́льная


triplet

(mathematics, biology, architecture) triplet, group of three things


Art Deco

art deco (alternative)
Art Déco (alternative)

/ˌɑːɹt ˈdɛkəʊ/

/ˌɑɹt ˈdɛkoʊ/

Borrowed from French Art déco, first used in the catalogue of an exhibition at the Musée des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, France, in 1966. Art déco is a clipping of arts décoratifs (“decorative arts”) (from the name of an exhibition called L’Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (The International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925), from arts (plural of art (“art”)) + décoratifs (plural of décoratif (“decorative”)).

ref

From the collection of the Musée d’Art Moderne de Paris (Museum of Modern Art of Paris), France.

clipping

A pair of Armada flagons were bought for £1,900 and a four-piece Art Deco tea set on a matching tray was sold at £1,500.

1978 July 26, Paula Judge, “Saleroom: Jane Austen Ms [manuscript] sold for £38,000”, in Financial Times, number 27,620, London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 5, column 8:

These properties reflect the wide variety of resources that represent the American heritage. They include skyscrapers in Chicago and mining structures in Alaska; prehistoric petroglyphs in Nevada and World War II fortifications in Guam; a district of art deco buildings in Miami and a district of prominent artists' and writers' homes in Santa Fe.

1989, “Introduction”, in National Register of Historic Places 1966–1988, Washington, D.C.: National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers; National Park Service; Nashville, Tenn.: American Association for State and Local History, →ISBN, page ix, column 1:

Always in the same district, at 61 Olive Street, is the Oviatt Building, one of [the] most important examples of Art Deco architecture found within Los Angeles city limits, and once a prestigious clothing shop boasting such clients as Rudolph Valentino and Douglas Fairbanks Jr. […] The store was replaced by today's Rex II Restaurant, decorated as an^([sic – meaning a]) 1920s ocean liner in keeping with the overall Art Deco decor.

1995, Rosanna Cirigliano, “Los Angeles”, in California, Florence: Casa Editrice Bonechi; San Francisco, Calif.: Smith Novelty Company, →ISBN, page 119:

This project has stripped away modern PVCu and aluminium shop fronts to reveal original or 1930s Art Deco work, with judicious repairs and replacements as necessary, plus stonework repairs and the restoration of traditional London Transport signage.

2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards Honour the Best Restoration Projects: The Great Western Railway Craft Skills Award: Victoria Arcade”, in Rail, number 946, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 59:

(architecture, art, also attributive) A style of decorative art (often used in household objects) and architecture originating in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by bold geometric forms, strong contrasting colours, and simple composition.

Chrysler Building
Paul Follot
William Van Alen

Art Deco

style of decorative art and architecture


dish out

en-verb

dish out (third-person singular simple present dishes out, present participle dishing out, simple past and past participle dished out)

dishes out (present singular third-person)
dishing out (participle present)
dished out (participle past)
dished out (past)

(transitive, architecture) To hollow out, as a gutter in stone or wood.


jetty

From Middle English gete, getee, gettee, jette, jetty, jety, from Middle French jeté, geté (“pier, jetty, causeway”) (modern French jetée), from the past participle of jeter. Compare jet, jutty.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-jetty.wav

(architecture) A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.


LF

en-noun

LF (countable and uncountable, plural LFs)

(architecture, engineering, construction) Initialism of linear feet.


корабль

ru-noun+

корабе́льный

кора́бль • (koráblʹ) m inan (genitive корабля́, nominative plural корабли́, genitive plural корабле́й, relational adjective корабе́льный, diminutive кора́блик)

кора́бль (canonical)
koráblʹ (romanization)
корабля́ (genitive)
корабли́ (nominative plural)
корабле́й (genitive plural)
корабе́льный (adjective relational)
кора́блик (diminutive)
кора́бль (nominative singular)
корабли́ (nominative plural)
корабля́ (genitive singular)
корабле́й (genitive plural)
кораблю́ (dative singular)
корабля́м (dative plural)
кора́бль (accusative singular)
корабли́ (accusative plural)
кораблём (instrumental singular)
корабля́ми (instrumental plural)
корабле́ (prepositional singular)
корабля́х (plural prepositional)
кора́бль (dated nominative singular)
корабли́ (dated nominative plural)
корабля́ (dated genitive singular)
корабле́й (dated genitive plural)
кораблю́ (dated dative singular)
корабля́мъ (dated dative plural)
кора́бль (accusative dated singular)
корабли́ (accusative dated plural)
кораблёмъ (dated instrumental singular)
корабля́ми (dated instrumental plural)
кораблѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)
корабля́хъ (dated plural prepositional)

→ Eastern Mari: корабль (korabĺ)

Ru-корабль.ogg

Inherited from Old East Slavic корабль (korablĭ), from Proto-Slavic *korabľь, an old borrowing from Ancient Greek καράβιον (karábion) or κάραβος (kárabos), whence English caravel.
The marijuana sense is by consonance with коробо́к (korobók, “small box”).


talon

From Middle English talon, taloun, from Old French talon (“heel, spur”), from Medieval Latin tālōnem, from Vulgar Latin *tālōnis, from Latin tālus (“ankle”).

(architecture) A kind of moulding, concave at the bottom and convex at the top; an ogee. (When the concave part is at the top, it is called an inverted talon.)


Fensterbank

de-noun

Fensterbank f (genitive Fensterbank, plural Fensterbänke)

Fensterbank (genitive)
Fensterbänke (plural)
Fensterbank (nominative singular)
Fensterbänke (definite nominative plural)
Fensterbank (genitive singular)
Fensterbänke (definite genitive plural)
Fensterbank (dative singular)
Fensterbänken (dative definite plural)
Fensterbank (accusative singular)
Fensterbänke (accusative definite plural)


Scharte

Scharte f (genitive Scharte, plural Scharten)

Scharte (genitive)
Scharten (plural)
Scharte (nominative singular)
Scharten (definite nominative plural)
Scharte (genitive singular)
Scharten (definite genitive plural)
Scharte (dative singular)
Scharten (dative definite plural)
Scharte (accusative singular)
Scharten (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German scharte f, also schart f or m, from the adjective Old High German *scart (“wounded, cut up”, attested in liduscart), from Proto-Germanic *skardaz. Related with German scheren (“to shear”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch schaert m, Middle Low German schārt n, Old English sceard n, Old Norse skarð n. All possibly from Proto-Germanic *skardą, although the deviating genders in Dutch and High German may suggest independent derivations from the adjective. See English sherd, shard for more.


perron

From Middle French pierre (“stone”), from Anglo-Norman perron.

(architecture) A platform outside the raised entrance to a church or large building, or the steps leading to such a platform. US: stoop.


merlon

Borrowed from French merlon, from Italian merlone (“merlon”), from merlo (“merlon”) + -one (suffix forming augmentatives). Merlo is derived from Late Latin merulus, merlus, possibly from Latin merula (“blackbird”) (as merlons resemble a row of birds perched on a wall), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“black; blackbird”). The English word is cognate with Italian mergolo (“battlement; pinnacle”), Portuguese merlão, Spanish merlón (“merlon”).

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-merlon.wav

The Merlons, to the end that they may be good, ought to be made of Earth, the most eaſie to be tempered that may be: And this Earth ought alſo to be mixed with Withy Twigs, or Brambles, provided they take Root, after which they are to be lined with good Turff.

1693, “Of the Embrasures or Merlons”, in Abel Swall, transl., The New Method of Fortification, as Practised by Monsieur de Vauban, Engineer General of France. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Abell Swall; […], →OCLC, book IV, page 75:

The parapet conſiſts of two parts, namely, the wall and the merlons. [...] The Merlons are detached pieces of the parapet, leaving openings called Embrasures, thro' which the cannon deliver their ſhot.

1754, J[ohn] Robertson, “A Treatise of Marine Fortification”, in The Elements of Navigation; Containing the Theory and Practice. […], volume II, London: […] J[ohn] Nourse, […], →OCLC, section II (Of Batteries), paragraph 26, page 610:

A battery of guns is a bank of earth thrown up to cover the men that are to ſerve the guns; this bank is cut into holes for the cannons to fire through, about 12 feet diſtant from each other. Theſe holes are called embraſures, and the maſſes of earth between them are called merlons; [...]

1756 July, “An Account of the Siege and Capture of Port Mahon […]”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XXVI, London: […] D[avid] Henry and R. Cave, […], →OCLC, footnote, page 319, column 2:

Along the walls, at the distance of every hundred yards, were square stone towers. In the parapets were also embrasures, and holes in merlons for archery; but there were no cannon, except a few old wrought-iron pieces near the gate.

1797, George Staunton, “Passage to the Ladrone Islands, near Macao; […]”, in An Authentic Account of an Embassy from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of China; […] In Two Volumes, […], volume I, London: […] G[eorge] Nicol, […], →OCLC, page 419:

[T]he property of sloping surfaces [...] causes a cannon ball from the fortress, which enters by the mouth and strikes one cheek of an embrasure, to glance off without penetrating through the merlon on that side. Such a ball is not therefore likely to prove fatal to those men who are covered by the merlon, but to those only who stand immediately behind the embrasure, and not always even to them, for if it should strike the very sloping part of the cheek, it may be reflected upwards.

1832, C[harles] W[illiam] Pasley, “Of the Space that Must be Allowed, for the Extreme Half Merlon at the Flank of a Battery, when Finished without an Empaulment”, in Rules, Chiefly Deduced from Experiment, for Conducting the Practical Operations of a Siege, Chatham, Kent: […] Establishment for Field Instruction, →OCLC, part II (Containing an Essay on the Construction of Batteries in the Field), section I (The Several Kinds of Batteries Defined. […]), page 16:

He had appropriated a thick tapestry rope in the great hall, and now, having reached the parapet, he looped the soft strong cord about the girl's hips and lowered her to the earth. Then, making one end fast to a merlon, he slid down after her.

1934 August, Robert E[rvin] Howard, “The Devil in Iron”, in Farnsworth Wright, editor, Weird Tales: A Magazine of the Bizarre and Unusual, Indianapolis, Ind.: Popular Fiction Pub. Co., →OCLC; republished as The Devil in Iron, [Auckland]: The Floating Press, 2013, →ISBN, page 42:

The exterior façades of the Cordoba mosque are carefully composed, with buttresses interspersed with doorways which reflect the framed arch of the mihrab. The upper line of the wall is given a dramatic and eastern finish with a row of stepped merlons.

1991, Barbara Brend, “Lands of the West: Egypt, North Africa and Spain”, in Islamic Art, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 54:

The castle spread out before him, its high solid sandstone walls, with their crenel and merlon battlements ending in round towers, was a magnificent sight.

2012, James Herbert, chapter 21, in Ash, London: Pan Books, published 2013, →ISBN, page 141:

(architecture, military, historical) Any of the upright projections between the embrasures of a battlement, originally for archers to shield behind while shooting arrows over the embrasures, or through loopholes in the merlons.

kanteel

any of the upright projections between the embrasures of a battlement


merlon

→ English: merlon

From Italian merlone (“merlon”), from merlo (“merlon”) + -one (suffix forming augmentatives). Merlo is derived from Late Latin merulus, merlus, possibly from Latin merula (“blackbird”) (as merlons resemble a row of birds perched on a wall), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“black; blackbird”).


embrasure

/ɪmˈbɹeɪʒə(ɹ)/

But there were less casualties than might have been expected, and the barricade rose steadily, a wall of concrete two feet thick, with embrasures for two machine-guns and a small field gun.

1938 April, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter VI, in Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:

The walls are slitted with embrasures through which bowmen could fire, indicating that the belfry also served as a stronghold during border skirmishes.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 311, about the church at Pembridge:

(architecture, military) Any of the indentations between the merlons of a battlement; an opening in a wall or parapet through which ordnance can be fired.

مَزْغَل

any of the indentations between the merlons of a battlement


embrasure

→ Polish: ambrazura

desctree

→ Russian: амбразура (ambrazura)
→ Georgian: ამბრაზურა (ambrazura)


sabat

(architecture) A roofing structure with the street beneath it in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern architecture, serving to support buildings or to cool pedestrians by maximizing daytime shade and accelerating breezes.


nef

→ Breton: nev

→ English: nef

Inherited from Middle French nef, from Old French nef, from Latin nāvem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us. Displaced by bateau and navire in the sense of "boat".


apsis

From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”). See also apse.

der

Like Henry's collegiate church […] the cathedral is a cruciform basilica of the double bay system with four square bays in the central nave, western transoms, a quadrum for the choir, an apsis, and a transept with auxiliary apses.

2019, A Companion to Medieval Lübeck, page 96:

(architecture) A recess or projection, with a dome or vault, at the east end of a church; an apse.


ucho

pl-noun

ucho n (diminutive uszko, augmentative uszysko, related adjective uszny)

uszko (diminutive)
uszysko (augmentative)
uszny (adjective)
ucho (nominative singular)
uszy (nominative plural)
ucha (genitive singular)
uszu (genitive plural)
uszów (genitive plural)
uchu (dative singular)
uszom (dative plural)
ucho (accusative singular)
uszy (accusative plural)
uchem (instrumental singular)
uszami (instrumental plural)
uszyma (instrumental plural)
uchu (locative singular)
uszach (locative plural)
ucho (singular vocative)
uszy (plural vocative)
ucho (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish ucho. The irregular plural forms are the result of fossilization of the old dual forms.

póty dzban wodę nosi, póki się ucho nie urwie

(architecture) orillon (semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for the purpose of covering the retired flank, found in old fortresses)


daylight

en-verb

daylight (third-person singular simple present daylights, present participle daylighting, simple past and past participle daylighted or daylit)

daylights (present singular third-person)
daylighting (participle present)
daylighted (participle past)
daylighted (past)
daylit (participle past)
daylit (past)
day-light (alternative)

From Middle English daye-lighte, dey liȝht, dailiȝt, day-liht, dai-liht (also as days lyȝt, daies liht), equivalent to day + light. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Deegeslucht, Daisljoacht (“daylight”), West Frisian deiljocht (“daylight”), Dutch daglicht (“daylight”), German Tageslicht (“daylight”).

(architecture) To provide sources of natural illumination such as skylights or windows.


footing

en-noun

footing (countable and uncountable, plural footings)

From Middle English fotyng; equivalent to foot + -ing.

(architecture, engineering) The thickened or sloping portion of a wall, or of an embankment at its foot; foundation.


verga

From Latin virga (“slender green branch, twig, stick”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *wisgeh₂ (“flexible rod or stick”). Compare Galician and Spanish verga, French vergue, verge. Doublet of virga.

der

(architecture) lintel (horizontal structural beam spanning an opening)


gable

The southern English term gable probably came from Old French gable (compare modern French gâble), from Old Norse gafl. The northern form gavel is perhaps also akin to Old Norse gafl, masculine, of the same meaning (compare Swedish gavel, Danish gavl). See gafl for more etymology information.

It was a queer sort of place—a gable-ended old house, one side palsied as it were, and leaning over sadly.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 2, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 10:

Although there were important developments in the internal organization of Cape houses during this period, their most obvious element is the gable. End-gables were common in medieval northern European and particularly Dutch buildings, but central gables set into the long side of roofs were more unusual and became the quintessential feature of the Cape Dutch style.

2002, Tony Pinchuck, Barbara McCrea, South Africa, →ISBN:

Qionglin Village in Kinhu with its well-preserved ancestral halls, arches, and old Fujian-style houses with interesting gables is famous for having more shrines than any other village on Kinmen.

2017 March, Piera Chen, Dinah Gardner, Lonely Planet Taiwan (Lonely Planet), 10th edition (Travel), Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=73fDDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT700&lpg=PT700:

(architecture) The triangular area at the peak of an external wall adjacent to, and terminating, two sloped roof surfaces (pitches).


Schiff

de-noun

Schiff n (strong, genitive Schiffes or Schiffs, plural Schiffe, diminutive Schiffchen n or Schifflein n)

Schiffes (genitive)
Schiffs (genitive)
Schiffe (plural)
Schiffchen (diminutive neuter)
Schifflein (diminutive neuter)
Schiff (nominative singular)
Schiffe (definite nominative plural)
Schiffes (genitive singular)
Schiffs (genitive singular)
Schiffe (definite genitive plural)
Schiff (dative singular)
Schiffe (dative singular)
Schiffen (dative definite plural)
Schiff (accusative singular)
Schiffe (accusative definite plural)

→ Czech: šíf

From Middle High German schif, from Old High German skif (“ship, barrel, vessel”), from Proto-West Germanic *skip, from Proto-Germanic *skipą (“ship, hollow object”). The sense “nave” is a semantic loan from Latin nāvis.
Cognate with Low German Schipp, West Frisian skip, Dutch schip, Yiddish שיף (shif), English ship, Danish skib, Swedish skepp. Related also to Lithuanian skiẽbti (“to rip up”), Latvian škibît (“to cut, lop”).


exedra

From Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”).

(architecture) A semicircular recess, with stone benches, used as a place for discussion.


pillar

From Middle English piler, from Old French pilier, from Medieval Latin or Vulgar Latin *pilāre (“a pillar”), from Latin pila (“a pillar, pier, mole”).

(architecture) A large post, often used as supporting architecture.


stanza

From Italian stanza, from Vulgar Latin *stantia (“standing, stopping-place”), from Latin stāns, stantis, from stō, stāre, from Proto-Italic *staēō, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti, stative verb from *steh₂- (whence English stand). Doublet of stance.

der

(architecture) An apartment or division in a building.


balcony

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *balkô
Frankish *balkōbor.
Medieval Latin balcōbor.
Italian balconebor.
English balcony
From Italian balcone (“balcony, floor-length window”), from Old Italian balcone (“scaffold”) from Lombardic *balk, *balko (“beam”), from Proto-Germanic *balkô (“beam”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, pile, prop”). Akin to Old High German balco, balcho (“beam”), Old English balca (“beam, ridge”). More at balk.

der

I sprang a step forward; when two shadows were distinctly traced on the moonlit myrtle! Then two figures stood upon the balcony. A young cavalier jumped from the balustrade, and hurried down the path that led to the garden, where I well remember a gate opened on an unfrequented lane.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 132:

The next day as the three travelers were approaching the town, Peter went out on the balcony to pray.

2002, The Message translation of The Bible, Book of Acts 10:9–13

(architecture) An accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window.


cachorro

pt-noun

cachorro m (plural cachorros, feminine cachorra, feminine plural cachorras)

cachorros (plural)
cachorra (feminine)
cachorras (feminine plural)

Guinea-Bissau Creole: katcur, katchuru

Kabuverdianu: katchor

Macanese: cachôro

Papiamentu: kachó

→ Kaingang: kasor

Uncertain, perhaps from Basque txakur, with metathesis, or from a Vulgar Latin *cattulus, from Latin catulus, and possibly via Spanish cachorro (“cub”). Compare also Italian cucciolo and Corsican ghjacaru.


cepa

(architecture) pier (of an arch or bridge)


indeterminate

en-adj

indeterminate (comparative more indeterminate, superlative most indeterminate)

more indeterminate (comparative)
most indeterminate (superlative)

It bears an affinity to the problem of indeterminate architecture—the indeterminate residential area.

2014, David Oakley, The Phenomenon of Architecture in Cultures in Change, page 196:

(architecture) Designed to allow the incorporation of future changes whose nature is not yet known.


koro

Borrowed from Spanish coro, from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós).

(architecture) choir (part of a church for choir assembly)


bjór

is-noun

bjór m (genitive singular bjórs, nominative plural bjórar)

bjórs (genitive singular)
bjórar (nominative plural)
bjór (indefinite nominative singular)
bjórinn (definite nominative singular)
bjórar (indefinite nominative plural)
bjórarnir (definite nominative plural)
bjór (accusative indefinite singular)
bjórinn (accusative definite singular)
bjóra (accusative indefinite plural)
bjórana (accusative definite plural)
bjór (dative indefinite singular)
bjórnum (dative definite singular)
bjórum (dative indefinite plural)
bjórunum (dative definite plural)
bjórs (genitive indefinite singular)
bjórsins (definite genitive singular)
bjóra (genitive indefinite plural)
bjóranna (definite genitive plural)


trophy

→ Japanese: トロフィー (torofī)

→ Korean: 트로피 (teuropi)

→ Malayalam: ട്രോഫി (ṭrōphi)

From Middle French trophée, from Latin trophaeum (“a sign of victory, a monument”), tropaeum, from Ancient Greek τρόπαιον (trópaion, “monument of an enemy's defeat”), from neuter of τροπαῖος (tropaîos, “of defeat”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “a rout, a turning of an enemy”).

трафе́й

object taken by a hunter or conqueror of their success

The souvenirs which many killers retain of their victims are often described as trophies, and Norman Bates's taxidermic interests derived from the real-life Ed Gein.

1994, Philip Jenkins, Using Murder: The Social Construction of Serial Homicide, →ISBN, page 117:

A trophy from this murder would have been of great importance.

2001, R. Michael Gordon, Alias Jack the Ripper: Beyond the Usual Whitechapel Suspects, →ISBN, page 82:

The offender is also likely to mentally relive his killings, often with the help of souvenirs or trophies, such as a bracelet or a body part taken from the victim.

2004, Ronald F. Becker, Criminal Investigation, →ISBN, page 168:

(art, architecture) A display of weaponry and other militaria, often captured from a defeated enemy, as an ornament designed for the purpose of triumphalist display by a victor or as a show of military prowess by a monarch.


plafon

Borrowed from Dutch plafon, plafond, from French plafond.

(architecture) ceiling (the overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room)


plafon

plafon (nominative singular)
plafony (nominative plural)
plafonu (genitive singular)
plafonów (genitive plural)
plafonowi (dative singular)
plafonom (dative plural)
plafon (accusative singular)
plafony (accusative plural)
plafonem (instrumental singular)
plafonami (instrumental plural)
plafonie (locative singular)
plafonach (locative plural)
plafonie (singular vocative)
plafony (plural vocative)

(architecture) plafond (a ceiling, especially one that is ornately decorated)


engawa

Romanization of Japanese 縁側 (engawa) or 掾側 (engawa).

(Japanese architecture) A veranda or terrace surrounding a house.


planta

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese planta, from Latin planta. Doublet of clã.

inh+

(architecture) floor plan (horizontal projection drawing of buildings, population clusters, etc.)


planta

Inherited from Old Spanish planta (“plant”), from Latin planta, from Proto-Italic *plāntā, from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₂-n̥t-eh₂, from *pleh₂- (“flat”). Compare the now obsolete inherited form llanta.

Vivo en la primera planta

(architecture) floor, level (of a high building)


balkon

nl-noun

balkon n (plural balkons, diminutive balkonnetje n)

balkons (plural)
balkonnetje (diminutive neuter)
balcon (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: balkon

→ Indonesian: balkon

→ Sranan Tongo: barkon

→ Caribbean Javanese: balkong


balkon

balkonok (plural)
balkon (nominative singular)
balkonok (nominative plural)
balkont (accusative singular)
balkonokat (accusative plural)
balkonnak (dative singular)
balkonoknak (dative plural)
balkonnal (instrumental singular)
balkonokkal (instrumental plural)
balkonért (causal-final singular)
balkonokért (causal-final plural)
balkonná (singular translative)
balkonokká (plural translative)
balkonig (singular terminative)
balkonokig (plural terminative)
balkonként (essive-formal singular)
balkonokként (essive-formal plural)
balkonban (inessive singular)
balkonokban (inessive plural)
balkonon (singular superessive)
balkonokon (plural superessive)
balkonnál (adessive singular)
balkonoknál (adessive plural)
balkonba (illative singular)
balkonokba (illative plural)
balkonra (singular sublative)
balkonokra (plural sublative)
balkonhoz (allative singular)
balkonokhoz (allative plural)
balkonból (elative singular)
balkonokból (elative plural)
balkonról (delative singular)
balkonokról (delative plural)
balkontól (ablative singular)
balkonoktól (ablative plural)
balkoné (singular)
balkonoké (plural)
balkonéi (singular)
balkonokéi (plural)
balkonom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
balkonjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
balkonod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
balkonjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
balkonja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
balkonjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
balkonunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
balkonjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
balkonotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
balkonjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
balkonjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
balkonjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


balkon

balkon-balkon (plural)
balkoni (alternative Brunei Malaysia Singapore)

From Dutch balkon, from French balcon, from Italian balcone, from Old Italian balco (“scaffold”) + -one (augmentative suffix).

(architecture, real estate) an accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window


balkon

balkonik (diminutive)
balkon (nominative singular)
balkony (nominative plural)
balkonu (genitive singular)
balkonów (genitive plural)
balkonowi (dative singular)
balkonom (dative plural)
balkon (accusative singular)
balkony (accusative plural)
balkonem (instrumental singular)
balkonami (instrumental plural)
balkonie (locative singular)
balkonach (locative plural)
balkonie (singular vocative)
balkony (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *balkô
Frankish *balkōbor.
Medieval Latin balcōbor.
Italian balconebor.
French balconbor.
Polish balkon
Borrowed from French balcon. Doublet of belka.

etymon

(architecture) balcony (an accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window)


balkon

bàlkōn (canonical masculine)
ба̀лко̄н (Cyrillic)
bàlkōn (nominative singular)
balkoni (nominative plural)
balkóna (genitive singular)
balkona (genitive plural)
balkonu (dative singular)
balkonima (dative plural)
balkon (accusative singular)
balkone (accusative plural)
balkone (singular vocative)
balkoni (plural vocative)
balkonu (locative singular)
balkonima (locative plural)
balkonom (instrumental singular)
balkonima (instrumental plural)


eyra

(architecture) cougar, (Puma yagouaroundi eyra)


binda

binda (nominative singular)
bindy (nominative plural)
bindy (genitive singular)
bind (genitive plural)
bindzie (dative singular)
bindom (dative plural)
bindę (accusative singular)
bindy (accusative plural)
bindą (instrumental singular)
bindami (instrumental plural)
bindzie (locative singular)
bindach (locative plural)
bindo (singular vocative)
bindy (plural vocative)
bieńda (alternative Middle Polish)
bińda (alternative Middle Polish)

Borrowed from German Binde. First attested in 1534.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “binda, bieńda”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


Laube

Laube (genitive)
Lauben (plural)
Laube (nominative singular)
Lauben (definite nominative plural)
Laube (genitive singular)
Lauben (definite genitive plural)
Laube (dative singular)
Lauben (dative definite plural)
Laube (accusative singular)
Lauben (accusative definite plural)

Middle High German loube, from Old High German louba, from Proto-West Germanic *laubijā.

(architecture) arcade (covered passage, usually with shops)


firewall

From fire + wall. Compare West Frisian brânmuorre, Dutch brandmuur, German Brandmauer, Feuermauer, Swedish brandvägg, brandmur, Icelandic eldvegg. The verb sense for using maximum power or acceleration comes from the engine's firewall being the limit of forward movement of the throttle controls on many simpler vehicles; thus, to get the maximum engine output, one would push the throttle levers or pedal all the way to the firewall.

(architecture) A fireproof barrier used to prevent the spread of fire between or through buildings, structures, electrical substation transformers, or within an aircraft or vehicle.


pre-stressed

en-adj

pre-stressed (comparative more pre-stressed, superlative most pre-stressed)

more pre-stressed (comparative)
most pre-stressed (superlative)

pre-stressed concrete

(engineering, architecture) Of a structural member, having stress already applied during the manufacturing process in the opposite direction to the stress expected in use.


Krabbe

de-noun

Krabbe f (genitive Krabbe, plural Krabben)

Krabbe (genitive)
Krabben (plural)
Krabbe (nominative singular)
Krabben (definite nominative plural)
Krabbe (genitive singular)
Krabben (definite genitive plural)
Krabbe (dative singular)
Krabben (dative definite plural)
Krabbe (accusative singular)
Krabben (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Low German and Middle Low German krabbe, probably from the root of krabbeln.
Cognate with Dutch krab, English crab, Old Norse krabbi (Norwegian krabbe, Swedish krabba). Root cognate with crawl, scrape. More at crab. Further origin unknown; either from a substrate language, or, if inherited, related to kerben. Compare Latin carabus.


Chor

Chor m (strong, genitive Chores or Chors, plural Chöre)

Chores (genitive)
Chors (genitive)
Chöre (plural)
Chor (nominative singular)
Chöre (definite nominative plural)
Chores (genitive singular)
Chors (genitive singular)
Chöre (definite genitive plural)
Chor (dative singular)
Chore (dative singular)
Chören (dative definite plural)
Chor (accusative singular)
Chöre (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German kōr, chōr, from Latin chorus.

(architecture) choir (part of a church building)


bastion

First attested in 1562. From French bastion, from Old French bastille (“fortress”).

[…] Fort Camosun had swelled herself from being a little Hudson's Bay Fort, inside a stockade with bastions at the corners, into being the little town of Victoria, and the capital of British Columbia.

1942, Emily Carr, “Beginnings”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:

(architecture) A projecting part of a rampart or other fortification.


bastion

head

bastion c (singular definite bastionen, plural indefinite bastioner)

bastionen (definite singular)
bastioner (indefinite plural)
bastion (indefinite nominative singular)
bastionen (definite nominative singular)
bastioner (indefinite nominative plural)
bastionerne (definite nominative plural)
bastions (genitive indefinite singular)
bastionens (definite genitive singular)
bastioners (genitive indefinite plural)
bastionernes (definite genitive plural)

Via French bastion, from Italian bastione.

(figurative) bastion (something or someone that resists a certain influence)


aileron

Borrowed from French aileron, diminutive of aile (“wing”), also refers to the extremities of a bird's wings used to control their flight. It first appeared in print in the 7th edition of Cassell's French-English Dictionary of 1877, with its lead meaning of "small wing". In the context of powered airplanes it appears in print about 1908, in the French aviation journal L'Aérophile.

(architecture) A half gable, as at the end of a penthouse or of the aisle of a church.


decorated

en-adj

decorated (comparative more decorated, superlative most decorated)

more decorated (comparative)
most decorated (superlative)

(architecture, not comparable) in one of the styles of English Gothic architecture


sprocket

sprockets (plural)
splocket (alternative)

Unknown. First attested in the 16th century. Perhaps related to Italian rocchetto (“spool”), spoletta (“spool”), sprone (“spur”), or English spoke, spike, spur.

(architecture) A flared extension at the base of a sloped roof.


socle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-socle.wav

From French socle, from Italian zoccolo (“wooden shoe”), from Latin socculus, diminutive of soccus (“sock”). Doublet of zoccolo.

(architecture) A low plinth or pedestal used to display a statue or other artwork.

(architecture) A plain face or plinth at the foot of a wall.


baguette

Borrowed from French baguette (“stick”), from Italian bacchetta.

(architecture) A small molding, like the astragal, but smaller; a bead.


Jesse

From Ancient Greek Ἰεσσαί (Iessaí), from Hebrew יִשַׁי (Yishai).

(architecture) A representation of the genealogy of Christ, in decorative art, such as a genealogical tree in stained glass or a branched candlestick.


barleycorn

(architecture, woodworking) A small groove between two moldings.


cupola

Borrowed from Italian cupola, from Latin cūpula (“little tub”); from Latin cūpa, cuppa (“cup”); named for its resemblance to a cup turned over.

the light falling dimly through the foggy cupola.

1886, Robert Louis Stephenson, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde:

The stations on the City & South London were small but pretty, with cupolas to accommodate the winding gear of the small and claustrophobic hydraulic lifts.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 101:

(architecture) A dome-shaped ornamental structure located on top of a larger roof or dome.

قُبَّة

architecture: dome-shaped ornamental structure


cupola

→ Alemannic German: Chupple

→ Bulgarian: купол (kupol)

→ Catalan: cúpula

→ Czech: kopule, kupole

→ Dutch: koepel

→ English: cupola

→ Japanese: キューポラ (kyūpora)

→ Korean: 큐폴라 (kyupolla)

→ French: coupole

→ Dutch: coupel, koepel

→ German: Kuppel

→ Hungarian: kupola

→ Macedonian: купола (kupola)

→ Polish: kopuła

→ Portuguese: cúpula

→ Russian: купол (kupol)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: купола

Latin script: kupola

→ Slovak: kupola

→ Spanish: cúpula


deafening

en-noun

deafening (countable and uncountable, plural deafenings)


ogive

From late Middle English ogif, egeve, egeove, from Old French ogive, œgive, augive. Doublet of ogee.

(architecture) A Gothic pointed arch, or a rib of a Gothic vault.


ogive

ogives (plural)
augive (alternative obsolete)

→ Spanish: ojiva

From Vulgar Latin augīvus, from Latin augēre, as the ogive goes on increasing, and the arch it forms increases the strength of the vault. In Old French we find the phrase arc ogif, itself from Latin arcus augivus. The word was also written as augive in the 17th century.


crochet

→ English: crochet

desc

→ Portuguese: colchete (“hook, bracket”)

→ Portuguese: crochê (“crochet”), croché, crochet (unadapted form)

→ Spanish: corchete

→ Turkish: kroşe


casing

(architecture) The decorative trim around a door or window.


rotunda

rotundas (plural)
rotundae (plural)
Rotunda (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin rotunda, from rotundus (“round”). In the architectural sense, from Sancta Maria Rotunda (the name for a church in the Pantheon).

The rotunda begun but never completed by Abbot Wulfric (1047–59) at St Augustine’s Abbey as a link between the church of St Mary and that of St Peter and St Paul is an unusual and ambitious example of mid-eleventh-century English architecture which partly survives (fig. 4.6, top). […] Many of these rotundae are known to have had a special funerary function (as was the case at Canterbury).

1976, Bridget Cherry, “Ecclesiastical architecture”, in David M[ackenzie] Wilson, editor, The Archaeology of Anglo-Saxon England, London: Methuen & Co Ltd, →ISBN, pages 188–189:

The purely Greek character of the temple is revealed in the fact that there is no portico aligning the structure; Roman tholoi and rotundae are usually distinguished by a portico.

1998, “Antiquity”, in Bruce Almberg, Charles Earle, Michael Robinson, Katja Steiner, transl., edited by Stefan Grundmann, The Architecture of Rome: An Architectural History in 400 Individual Presentations, Stuttgart, London: Edition Axel Menges, →ISBN, page 29, column 2:

Access to the shafts is gained via a brick entrance rotunda below a glass dome. The walls of these rotundae are built over the outer edge of caissons which hold the shafts; […]

2014 December, Mary Mills, “Foot Tunnels beneath the River Thames”, in Nick Catford, editor, Subterranea, number 37, Ascot, Berkshire: Subterranea Britannica, →ISSN, page 66, column 2:

(architecture) A round building, usually small, often with a dome.

ротонда

architecture: round building, often with a dome


rotunda

(architecture) rotunda (a round building)


ossature

From French ossature, from Latin os (“bone”) + -ature.

(architecture) Any supporting framework under a vault, roof etc.


stilted

en-adj

stilted (comparative more stilted, superlative most stilted)

more stilted (comparative)
most stilted (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stilted.wav

In Winchester Cathedral and Romsey Abbey Church, we have examples of what is called the stilted or horse-shoe arch, which is where the curvature of the arch does not spring immediately from the capitals or imposts of the piers, but the extreme points of the semicircle are continued straight down below the spring of the curve before they rest on the imposts, thus giving the idea of an arch stilted or raised, and somewhat approximating in form that of a horse-shoe.

1845, Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, “Of the Anglo-Norman Style”, in The Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture. With an Explanation of Technical Terms, and a Centenary of Ancient Terms, 7th edition, London: David Bogue, […], →OCLC, page 124:

The stilted arch was a good and much used expedient in ancient and modern times.

1920, G[eorg Gottlob] Ungewitter, K. Mohrmann, “Vaults”, in N[athan] Clifford Ricker, transl., Manual of Gothic Construction … Rewritten by K. Mohrmann … Leipzig 1890, 3rd edition, Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois, →OCLC, page 84:

The tombs have similar tombstones, each fashioned out of a rectangular block topped with another block in the form of a half drum, and with stilted semi-circular slabs for the head and foot stones.

2003, Mehrdad Shokoohy, “Kayalpatnam, the Renowned Muslim Port of Qā’il”, in Muslim Architecture of South India: The Sultanate of Ma’bar and the Traditions of Maritime Settlers on the Malabar and Coromandel Coasts (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Goa), London, New York, N.Y.: RoutledgeCurzon, →ISBN, part 1 (The Coromandel Coast (Tamil Nadu)), page 129, column 2:

(architecture) Of a building or architectural feature such as an arch or vault: supported by stilts (“supporting pillars or posts”); also (generally) having the main part raised above the usual level by some structure.


basilika

From Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (băsĭlĭkḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (băsĭlĭkḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”).

(architecture) basilica: a Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory


basilika

Borrowed from Spanish basílica (“basilica”).


lat

lats (plural)
lât (alternative)
lāt (alternative)
lath (alternative)

Borrowed from Hindi लाट (lāṭ, “pillar; minaret; staff, club”), लाठ (lāṭh, “long staff; cudgel”), etc.

A high pillar of stone called Bheem-lat, or the Tealee, or oilman's lat or staff.

1801, “Miscellaneous Tracts”, in Asiatic Annual Register, page 313:

(architecture) A monumental pillar, particularly the Buddhist columns erected in East India.


high tech

(architecture) A Late Modern architectural style incorporating elements of high-technology industry and seeking to communicate the underlying structure and function of a building.


zocle

(architecture) Alternative form of socle.


zocco

Borrowed from Italian zocco, from Latin soccus. Doublet of sock.


composite

en-adj

composite (comparative more composite, superlative most composite)

more composite (comparative)
most composite (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French composite, from Latin compositus, past participle of compōnō (“put together”). Doublet of compost, compote, and kompot.

(architecture) Being a mixture of Ionic and Corinthian styles.

komposiitti-

being a mixture of Ionic and Corinthian styles


frente

→ Portuguese: frente

Inherited from Old Spanish fruente, from Latin frontem, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰron-t-, from *bʰren- (“project”).


mezzanine

PIE word
 *médʰyos
The noun is borrowed from French mezzanine, and from its etymon Italian mezzanino, from mezzano (“(adjective) middle; (noun) go-between”) + -ino (diminutive suffix). Mezzano is derived from Latin mediānus (“central, middle”, adjective), from medius (“mid, middle”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.

der

On our way to the top floor, we stopped at the mezzanine.

[W]ater closet on mezzanine provided with opaque singlepane oblong window, tipup seat, bracket lamp, brass tierod brace, armrests, footstool and artistic oleograph on inner face of door: […]

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 17: Ithaca]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos], page 666:

In these sheds, individual products rest on short racks, so they can be reached more easily by employees who pick and box orders. In order to fit more racks, companies put in several mezzanine levels. As a result, the sheds rise taller: 21 metres, compared to B2B’s 15 metres.

2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-11:

On arrival at Birmingham New Street, I make my way upstairs to the mezzanine to get shots of an almost deserted concourse, polka-dotted with social distancing circles like some strange board-game.

2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 68:

An intermediate floor or storey in between the main floors of a building; specifically, one that is directly above the ground floor which does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building, and so resembles a large balcony overlooking the ground floor; an entresol.

mezzanin

especially when between the two lowest floors above ground

(by extension) An apartment, room, etc., on such an intermediate floor.

(Canada, US) The lowest balcony in an auditorium, cinema, theatre, etc.; the dress circle.

Additional flooring laid over a floor to bring it up to some height or level.

In full mezzanine window: a small window at the height of a mezzanine floor (sense 1.1) or an attic, used to light these floors.


mezzanine

→ English: mezzanine

PIE word
 *médʰyos
Borrowed from Italian mezzanino, from mezzano (“(adjective) middle; (noun) go-between”) + -ino (diminutive suffix). Mezzano is derived from Latin mediānus (“central, middle”, adjective), from medius (“mid, middle”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).


eave

A back-formation from eaves, from a misinterpretation of the -s ending as forming a plural.

Features such as shutters, eave brackets, transoms, a wraparound porch, and a pergola all help establish the style of this home.

2006 February, Jill Kirchner Simpson, “Building a Modular Home”, in Country Living, volume 29, number 2, page 51:

(architecture) Alternative form of eaves (“the underside of a roof that extends beyond the external walls of a building”)


coffer

coffers (plural)
copher (alternative)
cophre (alternative)

From Middle English cofre, coffre, from Old French cofre, coffre, from Latin cophinus (“basket”), from Ancient Greek κόφινος (kóphinos, “basket”). Doublet of coffin. Cognate with German Koffer (“a suitcase”).

Prolapsed and waterstained ceiling, the sagging coffers.

1979, Cormac McCarthy, Suttree, Random House, page 135:

(architecture) An ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling or dome.


merus

From Ancient Greek μηρός (mērós, “thigh”).

(architecture) The plane surface between the channels of a triglyph.


viscous damper

(architecture) a form of shock absorber designed to reduce structural damage to buildings caused by earthquakes


balaustrada

(architecture) balustrade (row of balusters)


bóveda

Possibly from Vulgar Latin *volvita, alteration of Latin volūta, from volvere (“turn”), but this presents serious phonetic difficulties. Compare Portuguese abóbada. More likely of Germanic origin, from a Gothic *𐌱𐌿𐍅𐌹𐌸𐌰 (*buwiþa), from a derivative of Proto-Germanic *būaną (“to dwell reside, build”). Doublet of voluta.

(architecture) arch (arch-shaped arrangement of trapezoidal stones, designed to redistribute downward force outward, or other similar architectural element)

(architecture) vault (arched roof or ceiling, or a masonry structure supporting and forming this)

(architecture, El Salvador) bridge (construction spanning a divide and allowing for the passage of traffic)


tempering

Clay and tempering were packed around the pole together with plenty of water[.]

1983, Barry Cunliffe, chapter 6, in Danebury Hillfort, Stroud: Tempus:

(pottery, architecture) A non-plastic material, such as sand, added to clay to prevent shrinkage and cracking during drying or firing; temper.


schip

nl-noun

schip n (plural schepen, diminutive scheepje n)

schepen (plural)
scheepje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: skip
→ Northern Ndebele: isikepe
→ Shona: chikepe
→ Sotho: sekepe
→ Tsonga: xikepe
→ Xhosa: isikhephe
→ Zulu: isikebhe

Negerhollands: skip, skep

→? Sranan Tongo: sipi

→ Caribbean Javanese: sipi

From Middle Dutch schip, from Old Dutch skip, from Proto-West Germanic *skip.
Cognates
Cognate with Low German Schipp, West Frisian skip, German Schiff, Yiddish שיף (shif), English ship, Danish skib, Swedish skepp. Related also to Lithuanian skiẽbti (“to rip up”), Latvian to cut, lop.

De imposante kathedraal had een prachtig versierd schip met hoge gewelven.

The impressive cathedral had a beautifully decorated nave with high vaults.

De middeleeuwse kerk had een eenvoudig, maar indrukwekkend schip met een gotische stijl.

The medieval church had a simple yet impressive nave with a Gothic style.

(architecture) nave (the middle or body of a standard medieval church or cathedral, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances)


sconce

Borrowed from Middle Dutch schans, cognate with German Schanze.