flèche

Borrowed from French flèche. Compare fletch.

(architecture) A spire or steeple, especially of Gothic style; an object emerging from the ridge of a roof.


flèche

→ Dutch: flits

→ Middle Low German: flitse [16th c.]

→ German: Flitz

→ English: flèche

Inherited from Middle French fleche, from Old French fleche, from Vulgar Latin *fleccia, borrowed from Frankish *fliukkijā, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk-, from *plew-.


cartouche

Borrowed from French cartouche, from Italian cartuccia, from carta, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs). Doublet of cartridge.

(architecture) An ornamental figure, often on an oval shield.


honeycomb

en-noun

honeycomb (countable and uncountable, plural honeycombs)

Alhambra
Oxford English Dictionary
United States Army

The noun is derived from Middle English hony comb, from Old English huniġcamb, from huniġ (“honey”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂ónks (“honey”)) + camb (“comb”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“peg; tooth; row of teeth”)). The English word is analysable as honey + comb. The Oxford English Dictionary posits that the arrangement of several plates of wax “hanging parallel to each other from the roof of the hive suggests a comb with its teeth”. The verb is derived from the noun.

kennosto

something resembling honeycomb in having numerous cells or small holes

hunaja

something resembling honeycomb in sweetness; something desirable or pleasant

(countable, by extension) Something resembling honeycomb (sense 1) in having numerous cells or small holes.

(uncountable, architecture) Ellipsis of honeycomb work (“especially in Moorish architecture: a form of ceiling ornamentation (especially of an arch or dome) made up of small vaulted arches”).


honeycomb

en-verb

honeycomb (third-person singular simple present honeycombs, present participle honeycombing, simple past and past participle honeycombed)

honeycombs (present singular third-person)
honeycombing (participle present)
honeycombed (participle past)
honeycombed (past)

(architecture) To ornament (a ceiling) with honeycomb work (see noun sense 2.4).

koristaa stalaktiittiholvein

to ornament (a ceiling) with honeycomb work


trunk

From Middle English tronke, trunke, from Old French tronc (“alms box, tree trunk, headless body”), from Latin truncus (“a stock, lopped tree trunk”), from truncus (“cut off, maimed, mutilated”). For the verb, compare French tronquer, and see truncate. Doublet of truncus and tronk.

der

the apple does not fall far from the trunk

(architecture) The part of a pilaster between the base and capital, corresponding to the shaft of a column.


batter

en-verb

batter (third-person singular simple present batters, present participle battering, simple past and past participle battered)

batters (present singular third-person)
battering (participle present)
battered (participle past)
battered (past)

(architecture) To slope (of walls, buildings etc.).


batter

(architecture) An incline on the outer face of a built wall.


label

→ Danish: label

→ Dutch: label

→ French: label

desctree

→ Japanese: ラベル (raberu)
→ Korean: 라벨 (rabel)

→ Korean: 레이블 (reibeul)

→ Malay: label

→ Polish: label

→ Welsh: label

From Middle English label (“narrow band, strip of cloth”), from Old French label, lambel (Modern French lambeau), from Frankish *lappā (“torn piece of cloth”), from Proto-Germanic *lappǭ, *lappô (“cloth stuff, rag, scraps, flap, dewlap, lobe, rabbit ear”), from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“blade”). Cognate with Old High German lappa (“rag, piece of cloth”), Old English læppa (“skirt, flap of a garment”). More at lap.

cog

Sculptured ends of labels are called label-stops.

2018, Marilyn Stokstad, Medieval Art, Routledge, →ISBN:

(architecture) The projecting moulding by the sides, and over the tops, of openings in mediaeval architecture.


luft

lufcik (diminutive)
luft (nominative singular)
luftu (genitive singular)
luftowi (dative singular)
luft (accusative singular)
luftem (instrumental singular)
lufcie (locative singular)
lufcie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Luft. Doublet of lift and loft.

(archaic, architecture) pipe in a stove, chimney, or kitchen that carries away smoke


glut

Inherited from Middle English glotien /glotten, probably derived from Old French gloter /glotir /glotoiier (“to eat greedily”) [compare French engloutir (“to devour”), French glouton (“glutton”)], derived from Latin gluttiō, gluttīre (“to swallow”). Compare Russian глота́ть (glotátʹ, “to swallow”).

cog

(architecture) An arched opening to the ashpit of a kiln.


lanterna

/lɐ̃ˈtɛʁ.nɐ/

[lɐ̃ˈtɛɦ.nɐ]

/lɐ̃ˈtɛʁ.nɐ/

[lɐ̃ˈtɛɦ.nɐ]

/lɐ̃ˈtɛɾ.nɐ/

/lɐ̃ˈtɛʁ.nɐ/

/lɐ̃ˈtɛɾ.nɐ/

Borrowed from Latin lanterna (“lantern; lamp”), corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”).

der

(architecture) roof lantern (type of cupola)


bare

From Middle English bare, bar, from Old English bær (“bare, naked, open”), from Proto-West Germanic *baʀ, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare, naked”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰosós, from *bʰos- (“bare, barefoot”).
Cognate with Scots bare, bair (“bare”), Saterland Frisian bar (“bare”), West Frisian baar (“bare”), Dutch bar (“bare”), German bar (“bare”), Swedish bar (“bare”), Icelandic ber (“bare”), Lithuanian basas (“barefoot, bare”), Polish bosy (“barefoot”).

(architecture) That part of a roofing slate, shingle, tile, or metal plate, which is exposed to the weather.


femur

la-noun

femur n (genitive feminis or femoris); third declension

feminis (genitive)
femoris (genitive)
femur (nominative singular)
femina (nominative plural)
femora (nominative plural)
feminis (genitive singular)
femoris (genitive singular)
feminum (genitive plural)
femorum (genitive plural)
feminī (dative singular)
femorī (dative singular)
feminibus (dative plural)
femoribus (dative plural)
femur (accusative singular)
femina (accusative plural)
femora (accusative plural)
femine (ablative singular)
femore (ablative singular)
feminibus (ablative plural)
femoribus (ablative plural)
femur (singular vocative)
femina (plural vocative)
femora (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: fèmur

→ English: femur

→ French: fémur

→ Galician: fémur

→ German: Femur

→ Italian: femore

→ Occitan: fèmur

→ Portuguese: fémur (Portugal), fêmur (Brazil)

→ Romanian: femur

→ Sicilian: fèmuri

→ Spanish: fémur

Uncertain. The heteroclitic (r/n) inflection is rather archaic (as also seen in iecur and iter), descending from Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ ~ *-n-, but no secure Proto-Indo-European origin for femur can be found. De Vaan and Lubotsky tentatively support Steinbauer's derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dʰénwr̥ (“arc, bow”); this is semantically attractive, but the hypothetical change from *-nw- to *-(n)m- from Proto-Indo-European to Latin is strange.

der

(architecture) the space between the grooves of a triglyph


bead

From Middle English bede (“a prayer”), also “a bead for counting prayers” in a peire of bedes (literally “a pair of beads”), from Old English bedu, bed, ġebed (“a request, entreaty, prayer”), from Proto-West Germanic *bedu, *bed, *gabed, from Proto-Germanic *bedō, *bedą.
Cognate with Dutch gebed and bede, German Gebet.

(architecture) A narrow molding with semicircular section.


keystone

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-keystone.wav

From key + stone.
Definition 4 (retail) possibly originated in the jewelry industry in the magazine called "Jewelers' Circular-Keystone".

The tunnel, which is 1,000 yd. long, had been closed to passenger traffic since November 17, 1949, after some of the keystones had worked loose.

1950 March, “Notes and News: Sugar Loaf Tunnel, Central Wales Line”, in Railway Magazine, page 209:

(architecture) The top stone of an arch.


arch

From Middle English arch, arche, from Old French arche (“an arch”), a feminine form of arc, from Latin arcus (“a bow, arc, arch”). Doublet of arc and arco. Displaced native Old English bīeġels.

(architecture) An architectural element having the shape of an arch


bark

barkowy (adjective)
bark (nominative singular)
barki (nominative plural)
barku (genitive singular)
barków (genitive plural)
barkowi (dative singular)
barkom (dative plural)
bark (accusative singular)
barki (accusative plural)
barkiem (instrumental singular)
barkami (instrumental plural)
barku (locative singular)
barkach (locative plural)
barku (singular vocative)
barki (plural vocative)

(architecture, historical) side extension of a fort or fortification


portal

From Middle English portal, porttol, from Old French portal and Medieval Latin portāle, from porta.

jet bridge

elevated corridor permitting access to a plane from an airport

(architecture) A lesser gate, where there are two of different dimensions.

(architecture) Formerly, a small square corner in a room separated from the rest of an apartment by wainscoting, forming a short passage to another apartment.


portal

pl-noun

portal m inan (related adjective portalowy)

portalowy (adjective)
portal (nominative singular)
portale (nominative plural)
portalu (genitive singular)
portali (genitive plural)
portalów (genitive plural)
portalowi (dative singular)
portalom (dative plural)
portal (accusative singular)
portale (accusative plural)
portalem (instrumental singular)
portalami (instrumental plural)
portalu (locative singular)
portalach (locative plural)
portalu (singular vocative)
portale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Portal. Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English portal.

sl

(architecture) portal (ornamental door frame found in stately buildings, especially churches, castles, and historic houses)

(architecture) portal (decoratively framed entrance opening found in stately buildings, especially churches, castles, and historic houses)


portal

portaluri (plural)
portal (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
portalul (accusative definite nominative singular)
portaluri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
portalurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
portal (indefinite singular)
portalului (definite singular)
portaluri (indefinite plural)
portalurilor (definite plural)
portalule (singular vocative)
portalurilor (plural vocative)


portal

pòrtāl (canonical masculine)
по̀рта̄л (Cyrillic)
portal (nominative singular)
portali (nominative plural)
portala (genitive singular)
portala (genitive plural)
portalu (dative singular)
portalima (dative plural)
portal (accusative singular)
portale (accusative plural)
portale (singular vocative)
portali (plural vocative)
portalu (locative singular)
portalima (locative plural)
portalom (instrumental singular)
portalima (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from German Portal, from Latin porta.


balustrade

→ English: balustrade

desctree

→ Russian: балюстрада (baljustrada)
→ Georgian: ბალუსტრადა (balusṭrada)

Borrowed into Middle French from Italian balaustrata.

(architecture) balustrade [from 16th c.]


balustrade

From Dutch balustrade, from French balustrade, from Italian balaustrata.

(architecture) balustrade: a row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building


baluster

balusters (plural)
ballister (alternative obsolete)
balluster (alternative obsolete)
balustre (alternative Commonwealth)

Borrowed from Middle French balustre, from Italian balaustro (“pillar”), from balausta, balaustio (“wild pomegranate flower”), from Latin balaustium, from Ancient Greek βαλαύστιον (balaústion), from Semitic (compare Classical Syriac ܒܠܳܨܳܐ (blāṣā, “pomegranate shoot”)). Doublet of banister.

cog

The two Posternes were answerable to those of others set downe before: and were cut out of the two round Towers which riz vp in proportionable measures, from the ground on the foreside with battlements and Ballisters round enclosing the tops, containing in all their heights — foote:

1604, Stephen Harrison, “The Deuice called, Cozmoz Neoz, New World.”, in The arch's of triumph erected in honor of the high and mighty prince. Iames. ... at his Maiesties entrance and passage through his honorable citty & chamber of London. vpon the 15th. day of march 1603. ..., via EEBO:

Sepia Delft tiles surrounded the fireplace, their crudely drawn Biblical scenes in faded cyclamen blending with the pinkish pine, while above them, instead of a mantelshelf, there was an archway high enough to form a balcony with slender balusters and a tapestry-hung wall behind.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 3, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Nick looked at the floor, and at the rhythm of the black-and-gilt S-shaped balusters.

2004, Alan Hollinghurst, chapter 17, in The Line of Beauty […], London: Picador, →ISBN:

(architecture) A short column used in a group to support a rail, as commonly found on the side of a stairway or around a balcony; a banister.


baluster

nl-noun

baluster m (plural balusters, diminutive balustertje n)

balusters (plural)
balustertje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French balustre, from Latin balaustium, from Ancient Greek βαλαύστιον (balaústion).


baluster

baluster (indefinite nominative singular)
balusters (genitive indefinite singular)
balustern (definite nominative singular)
balusterns (definite genitive singular)
balustrar (indefinite nominative plural)
balustrars (genitive indefinite plural)
balustrarna (definite nominative plural)
balustrarnas (definite genitive plural)

(architecture) a baluster (a short column used in a group to support a rail)


escape

en-noun

escape (countable and uncountable, plural escapes)

From Middle English escapen, from Anglo-Norman and Old Northern French escaper ( = Old French eschaper, modern French échapper), from Vulgar Latin *excappāre (“to escape a garment, get out of one's clothing”, literally “to free oneself from one's cape”), from Latin ex- (“out”) + Late Latin cappa (“cape, cloak”). Cognate with escapade. Also doublet of scape.


halve

en-verb

halve (third-person singular simple present halves, present participle halving, simple past and past participle halved)

halves (present singular third-person)
halving (participle present)
halved (participle past)
halved (past)

From Middle English halven, helven, from Old English hilfan, helfan, *hielfan (“to halve, divide in two”), from Proto-West Germanic *halbijan, from Proto-Germanic *halbijaną (“to halve”), from Proto-Germanic *halbaz (“half”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch halven (“to halve”), Middle High German halben, helben (“to halve”). Compare also West Frisian helte (“to halve”), Dutch halveren (“to halve”), German Low German halberen (“to halve”), German halbieren (“to halve”), Danish halvere (“to halve”), Swedish halvera (“to halve”).

(architecture, transitive) To join two pieces of timber etc. by cutting away each for half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together.


superficial

en-adj

superficial (comparative more superficial, superlative most superficial)

more superficial (comparative)
most superficial (superlative)

/ˌsʉː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/

Borrowing from Late Latin superficiālis (“of or belonging to the surface”), from superficiēs (“top, surface”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

pintapuolinen

not thorough, concerned with the obvious or apparent

one superficial foot

(British, architecture) Denoting a quantity of a material expressed in terms of area covered rather than linear dimension or volume.


vela

vele (plural)
velo (alternative archaic)

→ Romanian: velă

From Vulgar Latin *vēla, from the plural of Latin vēlum. Doublet of voile.


antic

en-adj

antic (comparative more antic, superlative most antic)

more antic (comparative)
most antic (superlative)
antick (alternative obsolete)

Probably from Italian antico (“ancient”), used to describe ancient wall paintings from classical times, from Latin antiquus (“venerable”). See also grottesco (“grotesque”). Doublet of antique.

The amusement park environment of seaside resorts such as Venice and the antic eclecticism of Greene & Greene's pre-Craftsman work all preceded the establishment of the movie colony in Hollywood.

2004, John Chase, Glitter Stucco and Dumpster Diving: Reflections on Building Production in the Vernacular city, page 58:

(architecture, art) Grotesque, incongruous.


antic

antics (plural)
antick (alternative obsolete)

(architecture, art, obsolete) A grotesque representation of a figure; a gargoyle.

groteski

architecture: grotesque representation of a figure


niche

Unadapted borrowing from French niche, from Middle French niche, from Old French niche, from nicher (“to make a nest”) (modern French nicher), from Vulgar Latin *nīdicāre, from Latin nīdus (“nest”). Doublet of nidus and nide via Latin and nest via Proto-Indo-European; also related to nyas.

On the margin of this long tract, are abundance of shrines and images, defended from the injuries of the weather by niches of stone wherein they are placed.

1641, John Evelyn, edited by William Bray, John Evelyn's Diary, volume 1, London: Henry Colburn, published 1850, page 34:

(architecture) A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament.


ornament

ornament (nominative singular)
ornamenty (nominative plural)
ornamentu (genitive singular)
ornamentów (genitive plural)
ornamentowi (dative singular)
ornamentom (dative plural)
ornament (accusative singular)
ornamenty (accusative plural)
ornamentem (instrumental singular)
ornamentami (instrumental plural)
ornamencie (locative singular)
ornamentach (locative plural)
ornamencie (singular vocative)
ornamenty (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: орна́мент (ornáment)

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrnāmentum.

(architecture, art, typography) ornament, adornment


laiva

laiva (nominative singular)
laivat (nominative plural)
laiva (accusative nominative singular)
laivat (accusative nominative plural)
laivan (accusative genitive singular)
laivat (accusative genitive plural)
laivan (genitive singular)
laivojen (genitive plural)
laivain (genitive plural rare)
laivaa (partitive singular)
laivoja (partitive plural)
laivassa (inessive singular)
laivoissa (inessive plural)
laivasta (elative singular)
laivoista (elative plural)
laivaan (illative singular)
laivoihin (illative plural)
laivalla (adessive singular)
laivoilla (adessive plural)
laivalta (ablative singular)
laivoilta (ablative plural)
laivalle (allative singular)
laivoille (allative plural)
laivana (essive singular)
laivoina (essive plural)
laivaksi (singular translative)
laivoiksi (plural translative)
laivatta (abessive singular)
laivoitta (abessive plural)
laivoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
laivani (nominative singular)
laivani (nominative plural)
laivani (accusative nominative singular)
laivani (accusative nominative plural)
laivani (accusative genitive singular)
laivani (accusative genitive plural)
laivani (genitive singular)
laivojeni (genitive plural)
laivaini (genitive plural rare)
laivaani (partitive singular)
laivojani (partitive plural)
laivassani (inessive singular)
laivoissani (inessive plural)
laivastani (elative singular)
laivoistani (elative plural)
laivaani (illative singular)
laivoihini (illative plural)
laivallani (adessive singular)
laivoillani (adessive plural)
laivaltani (ablative singular)
laivoiltani (ablative plural)
laivalleni (allative singular)
laivoilleni (allative plural)
laivanani (essive singular)
laivoinani (essive plural)
laivakseni (singular translative)
laivoikseni (plural translative)
laivattani (abessive singular)
laivoittani (abessive plural)
laivoineni (comitative plural)
laivasi (nominative singular)
laivasi (nominative plural)
laivasi (accusative nominative singular)
laivasi (accusative nominative plural)
laivasi (accusative genitive singular)
laivasi (accusative genitive plural)
laivasi (genitive singular)
laivojesi (genitive plural)
laivaisi (genitive plural rare)
laivaasi (partitive singular)
laivojasi (partitive plural)
laivassasi (inessive singular)
laivoissasi (inessive plural)
laivastasi (elative singular)
laivoistasi (elative plural)
laivaasi (illative singular)
laivoihisi (illative plural)
laivallasi (adessive singular)
laivoillasi (adessive plural)
laivaltasi (ablative singular)
laivoiltasi (ablative plural)
laivallesi (allative singular)
laivoillesi (allative plural)
laivanasi (essive singular)
laivoinasi (essive plural)
laivaksesi (singular translative)
laivoiksesi (plural translative)
laivattasi (abessive singular)
laivoittasi (abessive plural)
laivoinesi (comitative plural)
laivamme (nominative singular)
laivamme (nominative plural)
laivamme (accusative nominative singular)
laivamme (accusative nominative plural)
laivamme (accusative genitive singular)
laivamme (accusative genitive plural)
laivamme (genitive singular)
laivojemme (genitive plural)
laivaimme (genitive plural rare)
laivaamme (partitive singular)
laivojamme (partitive plural)
laivassamme (inessive singular)
laivoissamme (inessive plural)
laivastamme (elative singular)
laivoistamme (elative plural)
laivaamme (illative singular)
laivoihimme (illative plural)
laivallamme (adessive singular)
laivoillamme (adessive plural)
laivaltamme (ablative singular)
laivoiltamme (ablative plural)
laivallemme (allative singular)
laivoillemme (allative plural)
laivanamme (essive singular)
laivoinamme (essive plural)
laivaksemme (singular translative)
laivoiksemme (plural translative)
laivattamme (abessive singular)
laivoittamme (abessive plural)
laivoinemme (comitative plural)
laivanne (nominative singular)
laivanne (nominative plural)
laivanne (accusative nominative singular)
laivanne (accusative nominative plural)
laivanne (accusative genitive singular)
laivanne (accusative genitive plural)
laivanne (genitive singular)
laivojenne (genitive plural)
laivainne (genitive plural rare)
laivaanne (partitive singular)
laivojanne (partitive plural)
laivassanne (inessive singular)
laivoissanne (inessive plural)
laivastanne (elative singular)
laivoistanne (elative plural)
laivaanne (illative singular)
laivoihinne (illative plural)
laivallanne (adessive singular)
laivoillanne (adessive plural)
laivaltanne (ablative singular)
laivoiltanne (ablative plural)
laivallenne (allative singular)
laivoillenne (allative plural)
laivananne (essive singular)
laivoinanne (essive plural)
laivaksenne (singular translative)
laivoiksenne (plural translative)
laivattanne (abessive singular)
laivoittanne (abessive plural)
laivoinenne (comitative plural)
laivansa (nominative singular)
laivansa (nominative plural)
laivansa (accusative nominative singular)
laivansa (accusative nominative plural)
laivansa (accusative genitive singular)
laivansa (accusative genitive plural)
laivansa (genitive singular)
laivojensa (genitive plural)
laivainsa (genitive plural rare)
laivaansa (partitive singular)
laivojaan (partitive plural)
laivojansa (partitive plural)
laivassaan (inessive singular)
laivassansa (inessive singular)
laivoissaan (inessive plural)
laivoissansa (inessive plural)
laivastaan (elative singular)
laivastansa (elative singular)
laivoistaan (elative plural)
laivoistansa (elative plural)
laivaansa (illative singular)
laivoihinsa (illative plural)
laivallaan (adessive singular)
laivallansa (adessive singular)
laivoillaan (adessive plural)
laivoillansa (adessive plural)
laivaltaan (ablative singular)
laivaltansa (ablative singular)
laivoiltaan (ablative plural)
laivoiltansa (ablative plural)
laivalleen (allative singular)
laivallensa (allative singular)
laivoilleen (allative plural)
laivoillensa (allative plural)
laivanaan (essive singular)
laivanansa (essive singular)
laivoinaan (essive plural)
laivoinansa (essive plural)
laivakseen (singular translative)
laivaksensa (singular translative)
laivoikseen (plural translative)
laivoiksensa (plural translative)
laivattaan (abessive singular)
laivattansa (abessive singular)
laivoittaan (abessive plural)
laivoittansa (abessive plural)
laivoineen (comitative plural)
laivoinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *laiva, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flawją; cognates include Estonian laev. Compare also Lithuanian laivas (“ship”).


piirtää

piirrän (first-person indicative present singular)
en piirrä (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen piirtänyt (first-person indicative perfect singular)
en ole piirtänyt (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
piirrät (indicative present second-person singular)
et piirrä (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet piirtänyt (indicative perfect second-person singular)
et ole piirtänyt (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
piirtää (indicative present singular third-person)
ei piirrä (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on piirtänyt (indicative perfect singular third-person)
ei ole piirtänyt (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
piirrämme (first-person indicative plural present)
emme piirrä (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme piirtäneet (first-person indicative perfect plural)
emme ole piirtäneet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
piirrätte (indicative plural present second-person)
ette piirrä (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette piirtäneet (indicative perfect plural second-person)
ette ole piirtäneet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
piirtävät (indicative plural present third-person)
eivät piirrä (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat piirtäneet (indicative perfect plural third-person)
eivät ole piirtäneet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
piirretään (indicative passive present)
ei piirretä (indicative negative passive present)
on piirretty (indicative passive perfect)
ei ole piirretty (indicative negative passive perfect)
piirsin (first-person indicative past singular)
en piirtänyt (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin piirtänyt (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
en ollut piirtänyt (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
piirsit (indicative past second-person singular)
et piirtänyt (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit piirtänyt (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
et ollut piirtänyt (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
piirsi (indicative past singular third-person)
ei piirtänyt (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli piirtänyt (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ei ollut piirtänyt (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
piirsimme (first-person indicative past plural)
emme piirtäneet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme piirtäneet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
emme olleet piirtäneet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
piirsitte (indicative past plural second-person)
ette piirtäneet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte piirtäneet (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ette olleet piirtäneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
piirsivät (indicative past plural third-person)
eivät piirtäneet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat piirtäneet (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
eivät olleet piirtäneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
piirrettiin (indicative passive past)
ei piirretty (indicative negative passive past)
oli piirretty (indicative passive pluperfect)
ei ollut piirretty (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
piirtäisin (conditional first-person present singular)
en piirtäisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin piirtänyt (conditional first-person perfect singular)
en olisi piirtänyt (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
piirtäisit (conditional present second-person singular)
et piirtäisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit piirtänyt (conditional perfect second-person singular)
et olisi piirtänyt (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
piirtäisi (conditional present singular third-person)
ei piirtäisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi piirtänyt (conditional perfect singular third-person)
ei olisi piirtänyt (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
piirtäisimme (conditional first-person plural present)
emme piirtäisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme piirtäneet (conditional first-person perfect plural)
emme olisi piirtäneet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
piirtäisitte (conditional plural present second-person)
ette piirtäisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte piirtäneet (conditional perfect plural second-person)
ette olisi piirtäneet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
piirtäisivät (conditional plural present third-person)
eivät piirtäisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat piirtäneet (conditional perfect plural third-person)
eivät olisi piirtäneet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
piirrettäisiin (conditional passive present)
ei piirrettäisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi piirretty (conditional passive perfect)
ei olisi piirretty (conditional negative passive perfect)
piirrä (imperative present second-person singular)
älä piirrä (imperative negative present second-person singular)
piirtäköön (imperative present singular third-person)
älköön piirtäkö (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon piirtänyt (imperative perfect singular third-person)
älköön olko piirtänyt (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
piirtäkäämme (first-person imperative plural present)
älkäämme piirtäkö (first-person imperative negative plural present)
piirtäkää (imperative plural present second-person)
älkää piirtäkö (imperative negative plural present second-person)
piirtäkööt (imperative plural present third-person)
älkööt piirtäkö (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot piirtäneet (imperative perfect plural third-person)
älkööt olko piirtäneet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
piirrettäköön (imperative passive present)
älköön piirrettäkö (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon piirretty (imperative passive perfect)
älköön olko piirretty (imperative negative passive perfect)
piirtänen (first-person potential present singular)
en piirtäne (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen piirtänyt (first-person perfect potential singular)
en liene piirtänyt (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
piirtänet (potential present second-person singular)
et piirtäne (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet piirtänyt (perfect potential second-person singular)
et liene piirtänyt (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
piirtänee (potential present singular third-person)
ei piirtäne (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee piirtänyt (perfect potential singular third-person)
ei liene piirtänyt (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
piirtänemme (first-person plural potential present)
emme piirtäne (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme piirtäneet (first-person perfect plural potential)
emme liene piirtäneet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
piirtänette (plural potential present second-person)
ette piirtäne (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette piirtäneet (perfect plural potential second-person)
ette liene piirtäneet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
piirtänevät (plural potential present third-person)
eivät piirtäne (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät piirtäneet (perfect plural potential third-person)
eivät liene piirtäneet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
piirrettäneen (passive potential present)
ei piirrettäne (negative passive potential present)
lienee piirretty (passive perfect potential)
ei liene piirretty (negative passive perfect potential)
piirtää (infinitive infinitive-i)
piirtävä (active participle present)
piirrettävä (participle passive present)
piirtääkseni (first-person possessive singular)
piirtääksemme (first-person plural possessive)
piirtääksesi (possessive second-person singular)
piirtääksenne (plural possessive second-person)
piirtääkseen (possessive third-person)
piirtääksensä (possessive third-person)
piirtänyt (infinitive-i-long past)
piirretty (infinitive-i-long past)
piirtäessä (inessive second-person)
piirrettäessä (inessive second-person)
piirtämä (agent)
piirtäessäni (first-person possessive singular)
piirtäessämme (first-person plural possessive)
piirtäessäsi (possessive second-person singular)
piirtäessänne (plural possessive second-person)
piirtäessään (possessive third-person)
piirtäessänsä (possessive third-person)
piirtämätön (inessive negative second-person)
piirtäen (instructive second-person)
piirtämässä (inessive third-person)
piirtämästä (elative third-person)
piirtämään (illative third-person)
piirtämällä (adessive third-person)
piirtämättä (abessive third-person)
piirtämän (instructive third-person)
piirrettämän (instructive third-person)
piirtäminen (fourth-person noun-from-verb)
piirtämäisilläni (first-person possessive singular)
piirtämäisillämme (first-person plural possessive)
piirtämäisilläsi (possessive second-person singular)
piirtämäisillänne (plural possessive second-person)
piirtämäisillään (possessive third-person)
piirtämäisillänsä (possessive third-person)

piir- + -tää; piiri also means "(scratched or carved) line, incision (in leather, birchbark, etc.)" in dialects, so the original meaning was probably "to scratch or carve a line, make an incision (in leather, birchbark, etc.)".

(transitive, architecture) to design, draft (draw in outline; to make a draught, sketch, or plan of, as in architectural and mechanical drawing)


ikkuna

ikkuna (nominative singular)
ikkunat (nominative plural)
ikkuna (accusative nominative singular)
ikkunat (accusative nominative plural)
ikkunan (accusative genitive singular)
ikkunat (accusative genitive plural)
ikkunan (genitive singular)
ikkunoiden (genitive plural)
ikkunoitten (genitive plural)
ikkunain (genitive plural rare)
ikkunaa (partitive singular)
ikkunoita (partitive plural)
ikkunassa (inessive singular)
ikkunoissa (inessive plural)
ikkunasta (elative singular)
ikkunoista (elative plural)
ikkunaan (illative singular)
ikkunoihin (illative plural)
ikkunalla (adessive singular)
ikkunoilla (adessive plural)
ikkunalta (ablative singular)
ikkunoilta (ablative plural)
ikkunalle (allative singular)
ikkunoille (allative plural)
ikkunana (essive singular)
ikkunoina (essive plural)
ikkunaksi (singular translative)
ikkunoiksi (plural translative)
ikkunatta (abessive singular)
ikkunoitta (abessive plural)
ikkunoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
ikkunani (nominative singular)
ikkunani (nominative plural)
ikkunani (accusative nominative singular)
ikkunani (accusative nominative plural)
ikkunani (accusative genitive singular)
ikkunani (accusative genitive plural)
ikkunani (genitive singular)
ikkunoideni (genitive plural)
ikkunoitteni (genitive plural)
ikkunaini (genitive plural rare)
ikkunaani (partitive singular)
ikkunoitani (partitive plural)
ikkunassani (inessive singular)
ikkunoissani (inessive plural)
ikkunastani (elative singular)
ikkunoistani (elative plural)
ikkunaani (illative singular)
ikkunoihini (illative plural)
ikkunallani (adessive singular)
ikkunoillani (adessive plural)
ikkunaltani (ablative singular)
ikkunoiltani (ablative plural)
ikkunalleni (allative singular)
ikkunoilleni (allative plural)
ikkunanani (essive singular)
ikkunoinani (essive plural)
ikkunakseni (singular translative)
ikkunoikseni (plural translative)
ikkunattani (abessive singular)
ikkunoittani (abessive plural)
ikkunoineni (comitative plural)
ikkunasi (nominative singular)
ikkunasi (nominative plural)
ikkunasi (accusative nominative singular)
ikkunasi (accusative nominative plural)
ikkunasi (accusative genitive singular)
ikkunasi (accusative genitive plural)
ikkunasi (genitive singular)
ikkunoidesi (genitive plural)
ikkunoittesi (genitive plural)
ikkunaisi (genitive plural rare)
ikkunaasi (partitive singular)
ikkunoitasi (partitive plural)
ikkunassasi (inessive singular)
ikkunoissasi (inessive plural)
ikkunastasi (elative singular)
ikkunoistasi (elative plural)
ikkunaasi (illative singular)
ikkunoihisi (illative plural)
ikkunallasi (adessive singular)
ikkunoillasi (adessive plural)
ikkunaltasi (ablative singular)
ikkunoiltasi (ablative plural)
ikkunallesi (allative singular)
ikkunoillesi (allative plural)
ikkunanasi (essive singular)
ikkunoinasi (essive plural)
ikkunaksesi (singular translative)
ikkunoiksesi (plural translative)
ikkunattasi (abessive singular)
ikkunoittasi (abessive plural)
ikkunoinesi (comitative plural)
ikkunamme (nominative singular)
ikkunamme (nominative plural)
ikkunamme (accusative nominative singular)
ikkunamme (accusative nominative plural)
ikkunamme (accusative genitive singular)
ikkunamme (accusative genitive plural)
ikkunamme (genitive singular)
ikkunoidemme (genitive plural)
ikkunoittemme (genitive plural)
ikkunaimme (genitive plural rare)
ikkunaamme (partitive singular)
ikkunoitamme (partitive plural)
ikkunassamme (inessive singular)
ikkunoissamme (inessive plural)
ikkunastamme (elative singular)
ikkunoistamme (elative plural)
ikkunaamme (illative singular)
ikkunoihimme (illative plural)
ikkunallamme (adessive singular)
ikkunoillamme (adessive plural)
ikkunaltamme (ablative singular)
ikkunoiltamme (ablative plural)
ikkunallemme (allative singular)
ikkunoillemme (allative plural)
ikkunanamme (essive singular)
ikkunoinamme (essive plural)
ikkunaksemme (singular translative)
ikkunoiksemme (plural translative)
ikkunattamme (abessive singular)
ikkunoittamme (abessive plural)
ikkunoinemme (comitative plural)
ikkunanne (nominative singular)
ikkunanne (nominative plural)
ikkunanne (accusative nominative singular)
ikkunanne (accusative nominative plural)
ikkunanne (accusative genitive singular)
ikkunanne (accusative genitive plural)
ikkunanne (genitive singular)
ikkunoidenne (genitive plural)
ikkunoittenne (genitive plural)
ikkunainne (genitive plural rare)
ikkunaanne (partitive singular)
ikkunoitanne (partitive plural)
ikkunassanne (inessive singular)
ikkunoissanne (inessive plural)
ikkunastanne (elative singular)
ikkunoistanne (elative plural)
ikkunaanne (illative singular)
ikkunoihinne (illative plural)
ikkunallanne (adessive singular)
ikkunoillanne (adessive plural)
ikkunaltanne (ablative singular)
ikkunoiltanne (ablative plural)
ikkunallenne (allative singular)
ikkunoillenne (allative plural)
ikkunananne (essive singular)
ikkunoinanne (essive plural)
ikkunaksenne (singular translative)
ikkunoiksenne (plural translative)
ikkunattanne (abessive singular)
ikkunoittanne (abessive plural)
ikkunoinenne (comitative plural)
ikkunansa (nominative singular)
ikkunansa (nominative plural)
ikkunansa (accusative nominative singular)
ikkunansa (accusative nominative plural)
ikkunansa (accusative genitive singular)
ikkunansa (accusative genitive plural)
ikkunansa (genitive singular)
ikkunoidensa (genitive plural)
ikkunoittensa (genitive plural)
ikkunainsa (genitive plural rare)
ikkunaansa (partitive singular)
ikkunoitaan (partitive plural)
ikkunoitansa (partitive plural)
ikkunassaan (inessive singular)
ikkunassansa (inessive singular)
ikkunoissaan (inessive plural)
ikkunoissansa (inessive plural)
ikkunastaan (elative singular)
ikkunastansa (elative singular)
ikkunoistaan (elative plural)
ikkunoistansa (elative plural)
ikkunaansa (illative singular)
ikkunoihinsa (illative plural)
ikkunallaan (adessive singular)
ikkunallansa (adessive singular)
ikkunoillaan (adessive plural)
ikkunoillansa (adessive plural)
ikkunaltaan (ablative singular)
ikkunaltansa (ablative singular)
ikkunoiltaan (ablative plural)
ikkunoiltansa (ablative plural)
ikkunalleen (allative singular)
ikkunallensa (allative singular)
ikkunoilleen (allative plural)
ikkunoillensa (allative plural)
ikkunanaan (essive singular)
ikkunanansa (essive singular)
ikkunoinaan (essive plural)
ikkunoinansa (essive plural)
ikkunakseen (singular translative)
ikkunaksensa (singular translative)
ikkunoikseen (plural translative)
ikkunoiksensa (plural translative)
ikkunattaan (abessive singular)
ikkunattansa (abessive singular)
ikkunoittaan (abessive plural)
ikkunoittansa (abessive plural)
ikkunoineen (comitative plural)
ikkunoinensa (comitative plural)

A variant of earlier and now dialectal akkuna (see it for more). First attested in 1644. The initial vowel, also found in Ingrian ikkuna, Karelian ikkuna, Ludian ikkun and Veps ikun, may be due to influence from Russian ико́на (ikóna) (possibly even earlier Old East Slavic икона (ikona, “icon”)). The computing sense is a semantic loan from English window.

(architecture) window (opening for light and air)


roof

en-noun

roof (plural roofs or (UK, uncommon) rooves)

roofs (plural)
rooves (UK plural uncommon)

From Middle English rof, from Old English hrōf (“roof, ceiling; top, summit; heaven, sky”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą (“roof”).

inh

The roof was blown off by the tornado.

'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

The very first sound that you’ll hear on the roof
(Provided there’s fog) will be Rudolph’s small hoof.

1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward, draft:

The roof, the roof, the roof is on fire!
We don't need no water: Let the motherfucker burn!
Burn, motherfucker, burn!

1984, Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three, “The Roof Is on Fire”:

(architecture) The external covering at the top of a building.


ceiling

From Middle English celing (“paneling; (bed) cover or hanging”), from celen (“to cover or panel walls”) (from Old French celer (“to conceal”)) + -ing (gerund-forming suffix). By surface analysis, ceil + -ing.

(architecture) The overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.


drop

From Late Middle English droppe, Middle English drope (“small quantity of liquid; small or least amount of something; pendant jewel; dripping of a liquid; a shower; nasal flow, catarrh; speck, spot; blemish; disease causing spots on the skin”) [and other forms], from Old English dropa (“a drop”), from Proto-West Germanic *dropō (“drop (of liquid)”), from Proto-Germanic *drupô (“drop (of liquid)”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewb- (“to crumble, grind”).

nb...

dropan, droupe, (Northern England) droipe

afval

small quantity of liquid, just large enough to hold its own round shape through surface tension

piisk

very small quantity of liquid, or of anything

piisk

that which hangs or resembles a liquid globule

langemine

decline in degree, quality, quantity, or rate

afgrond

distance through which something drops, or falls below a certain level

That which hangs or resembles a liquid globule, such as a hanging diamond earring or ornament, a glass pendant on a chandelier, etc.

(architecture) An ornament resembling a pendant; a gutta.


pendant

pendants (plural)
pendaunt (alternative obsolete)

From Anglo-Norman pendaunt, Middle French pendant, noun use of adjective.

(architecture) A supporting post attached to the main rafter.


vera

From Late Latin viria (“bracelet”), from Gaulish *viros (“round, crooked”), from Proto-Celtic *weiros (“crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“turned, twisted, threaded”), from *weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”).


suelo de fundación

es-noun

suelo de fundación m (plural suelos de fundación)

(architecture) area where the foundations of a building or a complex are located


kapiteeli

kapiteeli (nominative singular)
kapiteelit (nominative plural)
kapiteeli (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelit (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelin (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelit (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelin (genitive singular)
kapiteelien (genitive plural)
kapiteelia (partitive singular)
kapiteeleja (partitive plural)
kapiteelissa (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissa (inessive plural)
kapiteelista (elative singular)
kapiteeleista (elative plural)
kapiteeliin (illative singular)
kapiteeleihin (illative plural)
kapiteelilla (adessive singular)
kapiteeleilla (adessive plural)
kapiteelilta (ablative singular)
kapiteeleilta (ablative plural)
kapiteelille (allative singular)
kapiteeleille (allative plural)
kapiteelina (essive singular)
kapiteeleina (essive plural)
kapiteeliksi (singular translative)
kapiteeleiksi (plural translative)
kapiteelitta (abessive singular)
kapiteeleitta (abessive plural)
kapiteelein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kapiteelini (nominative singular)
kapiteelini (nominative plural)
kapiteelini (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelini (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelini (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelini (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelini (genitive singular)
kapiteelieni (genitive plural)
kapiteeliani (partitive singular)
kapiteelejani (partitive plural)
kapiteelissani (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissani (inessive plural)
kapiteelistani (elative singular)
kapiteeleistani (elative plural)
kapiteeliini (illative singular)
kapiteeleihini (illative plural)
kapiteelillani (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillani (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltani (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltani (ablative plural)
kapiteelilleni (allative singular)
kapiteeleilleni (allative plural)
kapiteelinani (essive singular)
kapiteeleinani (essive plural)
kapiteelikseni (singular translative)
kapiteeleikseni (plural translative)
kapiteelittani (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittani (abessive plural)
kapiteeleineni (comitative plural)
kapiteelisi (nominative singular)
kapiteelisi (nominative plural)
kapiteelisi (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelisi (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelisi (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelisi (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelisi (genitive singular)
kapiteeliesi (genitive plural)
kapiteeliasi (partitive singular)
kapiteelejasi (partitive plural)
kapiteelissasi (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissasi (inessive plural)
kapiteelistasi (elative singular)
kapiteeleistasi (elative plural)
kapiteeliisi (illative singular)
kapiteeleihisi (illative plural)
kapiteelillasi (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillasi (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltasi (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltasi (ablative plural)
kapiteelillesi (allative singular)
kapiteeleillesi (allative plural)
kapiteelinasi (essive singular)
kapiteeleinasi (essive plural)
kapiteeliksesi (singular translative)
kapiteeleiksesi (plural translative)
kapiteelittasi (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittasi (abessive plural)
kapiteeleinesi (comitative plural)
kapiteelimme (nominative singular)
kapiteelimme (nominative plural)
kapiteelimme (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelimme (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelimme (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelimme (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelimme (genitive singular)
kapiteeliemme (genitive plural)
kapiteeliamme (partitive singular)
kapiteelejamme (partitive plural)
kapiteelissamme (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissamme (inessive plural)
kapiteelistamme (elative singular)
kapiteeleistamme (elative plural)
kapiteeliimme (illative singular)
kapiteeleihimme (illative plural)
kapiteelillamme (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillamme (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltamme (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltamme (ablative plural)
kapiteelillemme (allative singular)
kapiteeleillemme (allative plural)
kapiteelinamme (essive singular)
kapiteeleinamme (essive plural)
kapiteeliksemme (singular translative)
kapiteeleiksemme (plural translative)
kapiteelittamme (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittamme (abessive plural)
kapiteeleinemme (comitative plural)
kapiteelinne (nominative singular)
kapiteelinne (nominative plural)
kapiteelinne (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelinne (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelinne (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelinne (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelinne (genitive singular)
kapiteelienne (genitive plural)
kapiteelianne (partitive singular)
kapiteelejanne (partitive plural)
kapiteelissanne (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissanne (inessive plural)
kapiteelistanne (elative singular)
kapiteeleistanne (elative plural)
kapiteeliinne (illative singular)
kapiteeleihinne (illative plural)
kapiteelillanne (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillanne (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltanne (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltanne (ablative plural)
kapiteelillenne (allative singular)
kapiteeleillenne (allative plural)
kapiteelinanne (essive singular)
kapiteeleinanne (essive plural)
kapiteeliksenne (singular translative)
kapiteeleiksenne (plural translative)
kapiteelittanne (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittanne (abessive plural)
kapiteeleinenne (comitative plural)
kapiteelinsa (nominative singular)
kapiteelinsa (nominative plural)
kapiteelinsa (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelinsa (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelinsa (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelinsa (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelinsa (genitive singular)
kapiteeliensa (genitive plural)
kapiteeliaan (partitive singular)
kapiteeliansa (partitive singular)
kapiteelejaan (partitive plural)
kapiteelejansa (partitive plural)
kapiteelissaan (inessive singular)
kapiteelissansa (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissaan (inessive plural)
kapiteeleissansa (inessive plural)
kapiteelistaan (elative singular)
kapiteelistansa (elative singular)
kapiteeleistaan (elative plural)
kapiteeleistansa (elative plural)
kapiteeliinsa (illative singular)
kapiteeleihinsa (illative plural)
kapiteelillaan (adessive singular)
kapiteelillansa (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillaan (adessive plural)
kapiteeleillansa (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltaan (ablative singular)
kapiteeliltansa (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltaan (ablative plural)
kapiteeleiltansa (ablative plural)
kapiteelilleen (allative singular)
kapiteelillensa (allative singular)
kapiteeleilleen (allative plural)
kapiteeleillensa (allative plural)
kapiteelinaan (essive singular)
kapiteelinansa (essive singular)
kapiteeleinaan (essive plural)
kapiteeleinansa (essive plural)
kapiteelikseen (singular translative)
kapiteeliksensa (singular translative)
kapiteeleikseen (plural translative)
kapiteeleiksensa (plural translative)
kapiteelittaan (abessive singular)
kapiteelittansa (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittaan (abessive plural)
kapiteeleittansa (abessive plural)
kapiteeleineen (comitative plural)
kapiteeleinensa (comitative plural)

(architecture) capital (uppermost part of a column)


arcade

→ Japanese: アーケード (ākēdo)

→ Korean: 아케이드 (akeideu)

→ Afrikaans: arcade

→ Czech: arkádové

Unadapted borrowing from French arcade, from Italian arcata (“arch of a bridge”), from Latin arcus (“arc”).

The walk down to the Underground station is equally easy, as you pass through the restored undercroft along an arcade of two-way spanning 'quadripartite' arches.

2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: London Bridge”, in RAIL, number 948, page 31:

(architecture) A covered passage, usually with shops on both sides.


arcade

nl-noun

arcade f (plural arcaden or arcades, diminutive arcadetje n)

arcaden (plural)
arcades (plural)
arcadetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: arkade


arcade

→ Danish: arkade

→ Dutch: arcade

→ English: arcade

→ German: Arkade

→ Norwegian Bokmål: arkade

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: arkade

→ Swedish: arkad

Borrowed from Italian arcata. By surface analysis, arc + -ade.


sesto

arco a sesto acuto

arco a tutto sesto


orb

From Middle English orbe, from Old French orbe, from Latin orbis (“circle, orb”). Compare orbit.

(architecture) A structural motif or finial in the shape of a sphere


orb

From Old French orb (“blind”), from Latin orbus (“destitute”).

small blank windows or panels, for in later times such panels were called orbs, blind windows

1845, Robert Willis, The Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral:


pane

→ Japanese: ペイン (pein)

From Middle English pane, pan, from Old French pan, from Latin pannus, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂n- (“fabric”). Doublet of pagne, pan, and pannus.

pane–pain merger, General American, Received Pronunciation, most accents

An octagonal tower is said to have eight panes.

(architecture) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building.


pylväs

pylväs (nominative singular)
pylväät (nominative plural)
pylväs (accusative nominative singular)
pylväät (accusative nominative plural)
pylvään (accusative genitive singular)
pylväät (accusative genitive plural)
pylvään (genitive singular)
pylväiden (genitive plural)
pylväitten (genitive plural)
pylvästen (genitive plural rare)
pylvästä (partitive singular)
pylväitä (partitive plural)
pylväässä (inessive singular)
pylväissä (inessive plural)
pylväästä (elative singular)
pylväistä (elative plural)
pylvääseen (illative singular)
pylväisiin (illative plural)
pylväihin (illative plural rare)
pylväällä (adessive singular)
pylväillä (adessive plural)
pylväältä (ablative singular)
pylväiltä (ablative plural)
pylväälle (allative singular)
pylväille (allative plural)
pylväänä (essive singular)
pylväinä (essive plural)
pylvääksi (singular translative)
pylväiksi (plural translative)
pylväättä (abessive singular)
pylväittä (abessive plural)
pylväin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
pylvääni (nominative singular)
pylvääni (nominative plural)
pylvääni (accusative nominative singular)
pylvääni (accusative nominative plural)
pylvääni (accusative genitive singular)
pylvääni (accusative genitive plural)
pylvääni (genitive singular)
pylväideni (genitive plural)
pylväitteni (genitive plural)
pylvästeni (genitive plural rare)
pylvästäni (partitive singular)
pylväitäni (partitive plural)
pylväässäni (inessive singular)
pylväissäni (inessive plural)
pylväästäni (elative singular)
pylväistäni (elative plural)
pylvääseeni (illative singular)
pylväisiini (illative plural)
pylväihini (illative plural rare)
pylväälläni (adessive singular)
pylväilläni (adessive plural)
pylväältäni (ablative singular)
pylväiltäni (ablative plural)
pylväälleni (allative singular)
pylväilleni (allative plural)
pylväänäni (essive singular)
pylväinäni (essive plural)
pylvääkseni (singular translative)
pylväikseni (plural translative)
pylväättäni (abessive singular)
pylväittäni (abessive plural)
pylväineni (comitative plural)
pylvääsi (nominative singular)
pylvääsi (nominative plural)
pylvääsi (accusative nominative singular)
pylvääsi (accusative nominative plural)
pylvääsi (accusative genitive singular)
pylvääsi (accusative genitive plural)
pylvääsi (genitive singular)
pylväidesi (genitive plural)
pylväittesi (genitive plural)
pylvästesi (genitive plural rare)
pylvästäsi (partitive singular)
pylväitäsi (partitive plural)
pylväässäsi (inessive singular)
pylväissäsi (inessive plural)
pylväästäsi (elative singular)
pylväistäsi (elative plural)
pylvääseesi (illative singular)
pylväisiisi (illative plural)
pylväihisi (illative plural rare)
pylväälläsi (adessive singular)
pylväilläsi (adessive plural)
pylväältäsi (ablative singular)
pylväiltäsi (ablative plural)
pylväällesi (allative singular)
pylväillesi (allative plural)
pylväänäsi (essive singular)
pylväinäsi (essive plural)
pylvääksesi (singular translative)
pylväiksesi (plural translative)
pylväättäsi (abessive singular)
pylväittäsi (abessive plural)
pylväinesi (comitative plural)
pylväämme (nominative singular)
pylväämme (nominative plural)
pylväämme (accusative nominative singular)
pylväämme (accusative nominative plural)
pylväämme (accusative genitive singular)
pylväämme (accusative genitive plural)
pylväämme (genitive singular)
pylväidemme (genitive plural)
pylväittemme (genitive plural)
pylvästemme (genitive plural rare)
pylvästämme (partitive singular)
pylväitämme (partitive plural)
pylväässämme (inessive singular)
pylväissämme (inessive plural)
pylväästämme (elative singular)
pylväistämme (elative plural)
pylvääseemme (illative singular)
pylväisiimme (illative plural)
pylväihimme (illative plural rare)
pylväällämme (adessive singular)
pylväillämme (adessive plural)
pylväältämme (ablative singular)
pylväiltämme (ablative plural)
pylväällemme (allative singular)
pylväillemme (allative plural)
pylväänämme (essive singular)
pylväinämme (essive plural)
pylvääksemme (singular translative)
pylväiksemme (plural translative)
pylväättämme (abessive singular)
pylväittämme (abessive plural)
pylväinemme (comitative plural)
pylväänne (nominative singular)
pylväänne (nominative plural)
pylväänne (accusative nominative singular)
pylväänne (accusative nominative plural)
pylväänne (accusative genitive singular)
pylväänne (accusative genitive plural)
pylväänne (genitive singular)
pylväidenne (genitive plural)
pylväittenne (genitive plural)
pylvästenne (genitive plural rare)
pylvästänne (partitive singular)
pylväitänne (partitive plural)
pylväässänne (inessive singular)
pylväissänne (inessive plural)
pylväästänne (elative singular)
pylväistänne (elative plural)
pylvääseenne (illative singular)
pylväisiinne (illative plural)
pylväihinne (illative plural rare)
pylväällänne (adessive singular)
pylväillänne (adessive plural)
pylväältänne (ablative singular)
pylväiltänne (ablative plural)
pylväällenne (allative singular)
pylväillenne (allative plural)
pylväänänne (essive singular)
pylväinänne (essive plural)
pylvääksenne (singular translative)
pylväiksenne (plural translative)
pylväättänne (abessive singular)
pylväittänne (abessive plural)
pylväinenne (comitative plural)
pylväänsä (nominative singular)
pylväänsä (nominative plural)
pylväänsä (accusative nominative singular)
pylväänsä (accusative nominative plural)
pylväänsä (accusative genitive singular)
pylväänsä (accusative genitive plural)
pylväänsä (genitive singular)
pylväidensä (genitive plural)
pylväittensä (genitive plural)
pylvästensä (genitive plural rare)
pylvästään (partitive singular)
pylvästänsä (partitive singular)
pylväitään (partitive plural)
pylväitänsä (partitive plural)
pylväässään (inessive singular)
pylväässänsä (inessive singular)
pylväissään (inessive plural)
pylväissänsä (inessive plural)
pylväästään (elative singular)
pylväästänsä (elative singular)
pylväistään (elative plural)
pylväistänsä (elative plural)
pylvääseensä (illative singular)
pylväisiinsä (illative plural)
pylväihinsä (illative plural rare)
pylväällään (adessive singular)
pylväällänsä (adessive singular)
pylväillään (adessive plural)
pylväillänsä (adessive plural)
pylväältään (ablative singular)
pylväältänsä (ablative singular)
pylväiltään (ablative plural)
pylväiltänsä (ablative plural)
pylväälleen (allative singular)
pylväällensä (allative singular)
pylväilleen (allative plural)
pylväillensä (allative plural)
pylväänään (essive singular)
pylväänänsä (essive singular)
pylväinään (essive plural)
pylväinänsä (essive plural)
pylvääkseen (singular translative)
pylvääksensä (singular translative)
pylväikseen (plural translative)
pylväiksensä (plural translative)
pylväättään (abessive singular)
pylväättänsä (abessive singular)
pylväittään (abessive plural)
pylväittänsä (abessive plural)
pylväineen (comitative plural)
pylväinensä (comitative plural)

Proto-Finnic *pülvä + -äs. Related to Ingrian pylvä (“wooden strut”), Karelian pylväš and Votic pülvä (“wooden strut”) (Mati); the Finnish and Karelian words are likely extended with -as from the word that survives in Ingrian and Votic.

(architecture) column (an upright supporting beam)


bue

head

bue c (singular definite buen, plural indefinite buer)

buen (definite singular)
buer (indefinite plural)
bue (indefinite nominative singular)
buen (definite nominative singular)
buer (indefinite nominative plural)
buerne (definite nominative plural)
bues (genitive indefinite singular)
buens (definite genitive singular)
buers (genitive indefinite plural)
buernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse bogi, from Proto-Germanic *bugô, cognate with Swedish båge, English bow, German Bogen.


bue

bue m (definite singular buen, indefinite plural buer, definite plural buene)

buen (definite singular)
buer (indefinite plural)
buene (definite plural)
boge (alternative)

From Danish bue, from Old Norse bogi, from Proto-Germanic *bugô.

no:bue (arkitektur)
no:bue (geometri)
no:bue (våpen)


carol

Carol, or Carrel. A little pew, or closet, in a cloister, to sit and read in. They were common in greater monasteries, as Duram, Gloucester, Kirkham in Yorkshire, &c.; and had their name from the carols, or sentences inscribed on the walls about them, which often were couplets in rhyme. [Carola, Low Latin.]

[1822, Edward James Willson, comp., “Carol, or Carrel”, in A Glossary of Technical Terms, Descriptive of Gothic Architecture: Collected from Official Records, Passages in the Works of Poets, Historians, &c. of a Date Contemporay with that Style: And Collated with the Elucidations and Notes of Various Commentators, Glossarists, and Modern Editors. To Accompany the Specimens of Gothic Architecture, by A[gustus] Pugin, – Architect, 3rd edition, London: Printed for J[ohn] Taylor, Architectural Library, 59, High Holborn; J. Britton, Burton Street; and A. Pugin, 34, Store Street, →OCLC, pages 2–3:

An exquisite south-east door is preserved; it is round-headed, of four orders, with a foliated label. A canopied carol or monk's seat, a Pointed crocketed arch within a square case, is seen beside it, succeeded on the south wall by an arcade of trefoiled arches with toothed mouldings.

1860, Mackenzie Walcott, “[The Abbeys of Scotland.] Melrose”, in The Minsters and Abbey Ruins of the United Kingdom: Their History, Architecture, Monuments, and Traditions; with Notices of the Larger Parish Churches and Collegiate Chapels, London: Edward Stanford, 6, Charing Cross, →OCLC, page 257:

(architecture) Alternative form of carrel (“small closet or enclosure built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study”).


print

en-noun

print (countable and uncountable, plural prints)

cursive

antonym(s) of “writing without connected letters”

From Middle English *printen, prenten, preenten, an apheretic form of emprinten, enprinten (“to impress; imprint”) (see imprint). Compare Dutch prenten (“to imprint”), Middle Low German prenten (“to print; write”), Danish prente (“to print”), Swedish prenta (“to write German letters”). Compare also Late Old French printer, preindre (“to press”), from Latin premere (“to press”).

cog

(architecture) A plaster cast in bas relief.


cap

Inherited from Middle English cappe, from Old English cæppe, from Proto-West Germanic *kappā (“covering, hood, mantle”), from Late Latin cappa, itself from Latin caput. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *káput- and Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“head”). Doublet of cape, chape, and cope.

nalli

small amount of explosive used as detonator

the cap of a column, door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or plate

(architecture) The uppermost of any assemblage of parts.


domo

Derived from Italian duomo (“cathedral”), from Latin domus (“house”).

der+

(architecture) dome (hemispherical roof)


domo

Borrowed from French dôme, from Ancient Greek δῶμα (dôma, “house, housetop”).


arco

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese arco, from Latin arcus, from Proto-Italic *arkuos.


arco

From Latin arcus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷo- (“bow, arrow”).


arco

Fala: arcu, alcu

Galician: arco

Portuguese: arco

→ Indonesian: arku

Inherited from Latin arcus, from Proto-Italic *arkuos.


arco

From Old Galician-Portuguese arco, arquo (“arch, bow”), from Latin arcus (“bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷo- (“bow, arrow”).


arco

Inherited from Latin arcus (whence English archery), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erkʷo- (“bow, arrow”). In some senses inherited, in others borrowed directly from Latin. Cognate with English arrow, arc, and arch.


testata

la testata di un aeroporto

la testata del ponte

(architecture) the access point of a longitudinal structure; front, head


vase

Borrowed from Middle French vase, from Latin vās. Doublet of vas.

(architecture) The body of the Corinthian capital.


duplex

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin duplex (“double, two-fold”), from duo (“two”) + plico (“fold together”); compare the roots of διπλόος (diplóos, “double”); compare also πλέκω (plékō, “twist, braid”). By surface analysis, duo- + -plex.

Double; made up of two parts.
(architecture) Having two floors.

Double; made up of two parts.
Having two floors.

(architecture) Having two units, divisions, suites, or apartments.

pari-

architecture: having two units, divisions, suites, or apartments


duplex

(architecture) two-story residence with separated living and sleeping areas


ala

Originated 1730–40, borrowed from Latin āla (“wing”). Doublet of aisle.

(architecture) In ancient Rome, a small room opening into a larger room or courtyard.


ala

āla (canonical feminine)
ālae (genitive)
āla (nominative singular)
ālae (nominative plural)
ālae (genitive singular)
ālārum (genitive plural)
ālae (dative singular)
ālīs (dative plural)
ālam (accusative singular)
ālās (accusative plural)
ālā (ablative singular)
ālīs (ablative plural)
āla (singular vocative)
ālae (plural vocative)

Asturian: ala, nala, ñala, esnala

Catalan: ala

Dalmatian: jal

Franco-Provençal: âla

Friulian: ale

Gallurese: ala

Italian: ala

Ligurian: âa

Occitan: ala

desctree

Old French: aile f
Middle French: aisle f, aesle, æsle
French: aile f
→ Middle English: ele
English: aisle

Old Galician-Portuguese: aa

Galician: á

Portuguese: á

Romansch: ala, ela

Sardinian: aba, ala, àua

Sassarese: ara

Sicilian: ala

Spanish: ala

Venetan: ała

→ English: ala, ali-

→ Esperanto: alo

→ Galician: ala

→ Portuguese: ala

For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).

(architecture) wings, side halls or porches, waiting areas, colonnades, side apartments (side rooms off the main room, the side apartments on the right and left of a court)


ala

Learned borrowing from Latin āla. Compare the inherited doublet á.

(architecture) wing (part of a building that extends from the main structure)


ala

Borrowed from Spanish ala, from Latin āla.

(architecture) extension of building sideways


lista

lista (nominative singular)
listat (nominative plural)
lista (accusative nominative singular)
listat (accusative nominative plural)
listan (accusative genitive singular)
listat (accusative genitive plural)
listan (genitive singular)
listojen (genitive plural)
listain (genitive plural rare)
listaa (partitive singular)
listoja (partitive plural)
listassa (inessive singular)
listoissa (inessive plural)
listasta (elative singular)
listoista (elative plural)
listaan (illative singular)
listoihin (illative plural)
listalla (adessive singular)
listoilla (adessive plural)
listalta (ablative singular)
listoilta (ablative plural)
listalle (allative singular)
listoille (allative plural)
listana (essive singular)
listoina (essive plural)
listaksi (singular translative)
listoiksi (plural translative)
listatta (abessive singular)
listoitta (abessive plural)
listoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
listani (nominative singular)
listani (nominative plural)
listani (accusative nominative singular)
listani (accusative nominative plural)
listani (accusative genitive singular)
listani (accusative genitive plural)
listani (genitive singular)
listojeni (genitive plural)
listaini (genitive plural rare)
listaani (partitive singular)
listojani (partitive plural)
listassani (inessive singular)
listoissani (inessive plural)
listastani (elative singular)
listoistani (elative plural)
listaani (illative singular)
listoihini (illative plural)
listallani (adessive singular)
listoillani (adessive plural)
listaltani (ablative singular)
listoiltani (ablative plural)
listalleni (allative singular)
listoilleni (allative plural)
listanani (essive singular)
listoinani (essive plural)
listakseni (singular translative)
listoikseni (plural translative)
listattani (abessive singular)
listoittani (abessive plural)
listoineni (comitative plural)
listasi (nominative singular)
listasi (nominative plural)
listasi (accusative nominative singular)
listasi (accusative nominative plural)
listasi (accusative genitive singular)
listasi (accusative genitive plural)
listasi (genitive singular)
listojesi (genitive plural)
listaisi (genitive plural rare)
listaasi (partitive singular)
listojasi (partitive plural)
listassasi (inessive singular)
listoissasi (inessive plural)
listastasi (elative singular)
listoistasi (elative plural)
listaasi (illative singular)
listoihisi (illative plural)
listallasi (adessive singular)
listoillasi (adessive plural)
listaltasi (ablative singular)
listoiltasi (ablative plural)
listallesi (allative singular)
listoillesi (allative plural)
listanasi (essive singular)
listoinasi (essive plural)
listaksesi (singular translative)
listoiksesi (plural translative)
listattasi (abessive singular)
listoittasi (abessive plural)
listoinesi (comitative plural)
listamme (nominative singular)
listamme (nominative plural)
listamme (accusative nominative singular)
listamme (accusative nominative plural)
listamme (accusative genitive singular)
listamme (accusative genitive plural)
listamme (genitive singular)
listojemme (genitive plural)
listaimme (genitive plural rare)
listaamme (partitive singular)
listojamme (partitive plural)
listassamme (inessive singular)
listoissamme (inessive plural)
listastamme (elative singular)
listoistamme (elative plural)
listaamme (illative singular)
listoihimme (illative plural)
listallamme (adessive singular)
listoillamme (adessive plural)
listaltamme (ablative singular)
listoiltamme (ablative plural)
listallemme (allative singular)
listoillemme (allative plural)
listanamme (essive singular)
listoinamme (essive plural)
listaksemme (singular translative)
listoiksemme (plural translative)
listattamme (abessive singular)
listoittamme (abessive plural)
listoinemme (comitative plural)
listanne (nominative singular)
listanne (nominative plural)
listanne (accusative nominative singular)
listanne (accusative nominative plural)
listanne (accusative genitive singular)
listanne (accusative genitive plural)
listanne (genitive singular)
listojenne (genitive plural)
listainne (genitive plural rare)
listaanne (partitive singular)
listojanne (partitive plural)
listassanne (inessive singular)
listoissanne (inessive plural)
listastanne (elative singular)
listoistanne (elative plural)
listaanne (illative singular)
listoihinne (illative plural)
listallanne (adessive singular)
listoillanne (adessive plural)
listaltanne (ablative singular)
listoiltanne (ablative plural)
listallenne (allative singular)
listoillenne (allative plural)
listananne (essive singular)
listoinanne (essive plural)
listaksenne (singular translative)
listoiksenne (plural translative)
listattanne (abessive singular)
listoittanne (abessive plural)
listoinenne (comitative plural)
listansa (nominative singular)
listansa (nominative plural)
listansa (accusative nominative singular)
listansa (accusative nominative plural)
listansa (accusative genitive singular)
listansa (accusative genitive plural)
listansa (genitive singular)
listojensa (genitive plural)
listainsa (genitive plural rare)
listaansa (partitive singular)
listojaan (partitive plural)
listojansa (partitive plural)
listassaan (inessive singular)
listassansa (inessive singular)
listoissaan (inessive plural)
listoissansa (inessive plural)
listastaan (elative singular)
listastansa (elative singular)
listoistaan (elative plural)
listoistansa (elative plural)
listaansa (illative singular)
listoihinsa (illative plural)
listallaan (adessive singular)
listallansa (adessive singular)
listoillaan (adessive plural)
listoillansa (adessive plural)
listaltaan (ablative singular)
listaltansa (ablative singular)
listoiltaan (ablative plural)
listoiltansa (ablative plural)
listalleen (allative singular)
listallensa (allative singular)
listoilleen (allative plural)
listoillensa (allative plural)
listanaan (essive singular)
listanansa (essive singular)
listoinaan (essive plural)
listoinansa (essive plural)
listakseen (singular translative)
listaksensa (singular translative)
listoikseen (plural translative)
listoiksensa (plural translative)
listattaan (abessive singular)
listattansa (abessive singular)
listoittaan (abessive plural)
listoittansa (abessive plural)
listoineen (comitative plural)
listoinensa (comitative plural)

thin, narrow strip of material; batten, fillet, strip, bead

(architecture) molding, edging, beading (narrow decorative surface)


crop

From Middle English crop, croppe, from Old English crop, cropp, croppa (“the head or top of a plant, a sprout or herb, a bunch or cluster of flowers, an ear of corn, the craw of a bird, a kidney”), from Proto-West Germanic *kropp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“body, trunk, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to warp, bend, crawl”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch krop (“crop”), German Low German Kropp (“a swelling on the neck, the craw, maw”), German Kropf (“the craw, ear of grain, head of lettuce or cabbage”), Swedish kropp (“body, trunk”), Icelandic kroppur (“a hunch on the body”). Related to crap, doublet of group and croup.

cog

(architecture) The foliate part of a finial.


reed

en-noun

reed (countable and uncountable, plural reeds)

From Middle English red, reed, from Old English hrēod, from Proto-West Germanic *hreud, of uncertain origin.
Akin to Saterland Frisian Rait (“reed”), West Frisian reid (“reed”), Dutch riet (“reed”), German Ried (“reed”). No cognates in North Germanic languages, but the existence of an otherwise unattested Gothic *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌳 (*hriud) was supposed by the brothers Grimm. They also theorised that the word may have a relation to the retas mentioned in Noctes Atticae (Aulus Gellius). The measuring reed sense is the translation of Akkadian qanûm ("cane") used in the Bible and elsewhere.


para

(architecture, dialect) the space between the ceiling and the roof of a house


vice

(architecture) A winding or spiral staircase.


web

From Middle English webbe, from Old English webb, from Proto-Germanic *wabją, from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“weave”).

what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive

(architecture) A section of a groin vault, separated by ribs.


flan

en-verb

flan (third-person singular simple present flans, present participle flanning, simple past and past participle flanned)

flans (present singular third-person)
flanning (participle present)
flanned (participle past)
flanned (past)

(architecture) To splay or bevel internally, as a window-pane.


oculus

Learned borrowing from Latin oculus (“eye”). Doublet of occhio.

lbor

(architecture) A window or other opening that has an oval or circular shape (as of an eye).

One can glimpse the sky through the oculus of the Pantheon in Rome.


coro

coros (plural)
côro (alternative obsolete)

From Old Galician-Portuguese coro, probably borrowed from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós). Doublet of chorus.

(architecture) choir (part of a church or concert hall where the choir assembles)


coro

Inherited from Old Spanish coro, borrowed from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós).

El coro de la iglesia necesita reparaciones o sino se desplomará.

The church choir needs repairs or else it'll collapse.

(architecture) choir (area where singers in a church stand)


aire

Inherited from Old French aire, eire, from Latin ārea. Doublet of are and area, which were learned borrowings.

une aire


pile

→ Hawaiian: paila

From Middle English pyle, from Old French pile, from Latin pīla (“pillar, pier”).

(architecture, civil engineering) A beam, pole, or pillar, driven completely into the ground, usually as one of a group that constitutes a foundation.

pilíř

architecture, civil engineering: beam, pole, or pillar, driven completely into the ground


transept

From French transept, from New Latin transeptum, from Latin trans- (“across”) + saeptum (“fence, partition, enclosure”).

Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(architecture) The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts.


transept

pl-noun

transept m inan (related adjective transeptowy)

transeptowy (adjective)
transept (nominative singular)
transepty (nominative plural)
transeptu (genitive singular)
transeptów (genitive plural)
transeptowi (dative singular)
transeptom (dative plural)
transept (accusative singular)
transepty (accusative plural)
transeptem (instrumental singular)
transeptami (instrumental plural)
transepcie (locative singular)
transeptach (locative plural)
transepcie (singular vocative)
transepty (plural vocative)

(architecture) transept (transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir)


caulis

Learned borrowing from Latin caulis. Doublet of cole, gobi, and kale.

(architecture) Each of the main stalks which support the volutes and helices of a Corinthian capital.


perp

a perp window

(architecture) Clipping of perpendicular.


quire

From Middle English quer, quere, from Old French quer, from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós, “company of dancers or singers”). Doublet of choir, chorus, and hora.

der

(architecture) One quarter of a cruciform church, or the architectural area of a church, generally used by the choir; often near the apse.


broach

From Middle English broche, from Old French broche, from Vulgar Latin *brocca, originally a feminine form of Latin broccus, perhaps ultimately of Gaulish origin (see Scottish Gaelic bròg). Doublet of brochure.

(architecture, UK, dialect) A spire rising from a tower.


skeleton

skeletons (plural)
skeleta (plural)
sceleton (alternative)

From New Latin sceleton, from Ancient Greek σκελετόν (skeletón), the neuter of σκελετός (skeletós, “dried up, withered, dried body, parched, mummy”), from σκέλλω (skéllō, “dry, dry up, make dry, parch”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to parch, wither”); compare Ancient Greek σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”).

(architecture) A frame that provides support to a building or other construction.


column

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-column.wav

From Middle English columne, columpne, columpe, borrowed from Old French columne, from Latin columna (“a column, pillar, post”), originally a collateral form of columen, contraction culmen (“a pillar, top, crown, summit”). Akin to Latin collis (“a hill”), celsus (“high”), probably to Ancient Greek κολοφών (kolophṓn, “top, summit”).

cog

a little from column A and a little from column B

(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.


beak

en-noun

beak (countable and uncountable, plural beaks)

beaks (plural)
beck (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English bec, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bec, Old French bec, from Latin beccus, from Gaulish *bekkos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos (“beak, snout”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Breton beg (“beak”). Compare Saterland Frisian Bäk (“mouth; muzzle; beak”); Dutch bek (“beak; bill; neb”).

cog

(architecture) A continuous slight projection ending in an arris or narrow fillet; that part of a drip from which the water is thrown off.


diaper

en-noun

diaper (countable and uncountable, plural diapers)

From Middle English dyaper, from Old French dyapre, diaspre, from Medieval Latin diaspra, diasprum from Byzantine Greek δίασπρος (díaspros, adjective), from δια- (dia-, “across”) + ἄσπρος (áspros, “white”).

der

(architecture, decorative arts) A repeating pattern in gilding or low relief, used as surface decoration for a flat surface and consisting of one or more simple figures or units of design evenly spaced.


chase

Possibly from obsolete French chas (“groove”, “enclosure”), from Old French, from Latin capsa (“box”). Or perhaps a shortening or derivative of enchase. Doublet of case, cash, and chasse.

(architecture) A trench or channel or other encasement structure for encasing (archaically spelled enchasing) drainpipes or wiring; a hollow space in the wall of a building encasing ventilation ducts, chimney flues, wires, cables or plumbing.

канал

A trench or channel for drainpipes or wiring


foil

(architecture) A small arc in the tracery of a window, etc.


costa

From Latin costa, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-. Cognate with French côte, Romanian coastă, and Spanish cuesta.

the blunt edge of a blade
(architecture) rib


Turm

de-noun

Turm m (strong, genitive Turmes or Turms, plural Türme, diminutive Türmchen n or Türmlein n)

Turmes (genitive)
Turms (genitive)
Türme (plural)
Türmchen (diminutive neuter)
Türmlein (diminutive neuter)
Turm (nominative singular)
Türme (definite nominative plural)
Turmes (genitive singular)
Turms (genitive singular)
Türme (definite genitive plural)
Turm (dative singular)
Turme (dative singular)
Türmen (dative definite plural)
Turm (accusative singular)
Türme (accusative definite plural)
Thurm (alternative obsolete)

→ Hungarian: torony

→ Lower Sorbian: torm

→ Luxembourgish: Tuerm

→ Romanian: turn

From Middle High German turm, an East Central German variant of turn, from Old High German turn, from Old French *torn (cf. the diminutive tornele), variant of tor, from Latin turris. From the same Old French source are Dutch toren, Low German Toorn. The final -m is probably due to sporadic dissimilation; a connection with the Latin accusative turrim (as sometimes conjectured) is unlikely.

Die Lage des Turmes ist an der westlichen inneren Festungsmauer unmittelbar südlich von einem Mauerbogen.

The tower is positioned on the western inner castle wall, immediately south of an arch.

(architecture) tower, spire (very tall building or structure, especially with a tapering top)

(architecture) steeple (tall tower on a church, normally topped with a spire)


côr

From Middle Welsh cor, from Proto-Brythonic *kor, from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós).

(architecture, Christianity) quire, choir


pocket

→ Japanese: ポケット

→ Welsh: poced

From Middle English pocket (“bag, sack”), from Anglo-Norman poket, Old Northern French poquet, poquete, diminutive of poque, poke (“bag, sack”) (compare modern Norman pouquette and modern French pochette from Old French pochete, from puche), from Frankish *pokō (“pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *pukkô, *pukô (“bag; pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”). Equivalent to poke + -et. Doublet of pochette. Cognate with Middle Dutch poke, Alemannic German Pfoch (“purse, bag”), Old English pocca, pohha (“poke, pouch, pocket, bag”), Old Norse poki (“bag, pocket”). Compare the related poke (“sack or bag”). See also Modern French pochette and Latin bucca.

der

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

(architecture) A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a floor, boxing, partitions, etc.


spur

From Middle English spure, spore, from Old English spora, spura, from Proto-West Germanic *spurō, from Proto-Germanic *spurô, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”).

(architecture) The short wooden buttress of a post.

(architecture) A projection from the round base of a column, occupying the angle of a square plinth upon which the base rests, or bringing the bottom bed of the base to a nearly square form. It is generally carved in leafage.

Eckblatt

architecture: projection from the round base of a column


cruck

Perhaps from a dialectal variant of crutch or crook.

1952: To construct such a house, it is necessary to select an oak with a branch growing out at an angle of about 45°; the upper part of the tree, above the fork, having been cut off, the trunk and branch are roughly squared and divided in half . If the two halves are then placed opposite one another, with the branch ends pegged together, they constitute what was usually known as a 'cruck' or, more correctly, 'a pair of crucks'. — L.F. Salzman, Building in England, p. 195.

Historic England explained the listing: "The station's unique design employs a high level of sophistication and innovation through its use of conoid shells supported on a cruck-like frame, which not only create a dramatic aesthetic form, but endow the building with a light and spacious interior."

2023 March 22, Philip Haigh, “Five configuration stages to boost Manchester rail capacity”, in RAIL, number 979, page 31:

(architecture) A sturdy timber with a curve or angle used for primary framing of a timber house, usually used in pairs.


dogleg

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dogleg.wav

The noun is derived from dog + leg, referring to the shape of the hind leg of a dog. The verb is derived from the noun.

colzada

something with a sharp bend or turn in it

(also attributively) Something (such as a canyon or road) with a sharp bend or turn in it.

(architecture) A configuration of stairs where a flight ascends to a half-landing before turning 180 degrees and continuing upwards.


banderole

banderoles (plural)
bandrol (alternative)
bannerall (alternative)
bannerol (alternative)
bannerole (alternative)

(architecture) A flat band with an inscription, common in Renaissance buildings.


banderole

→ German: Banderole

→ Polish: banderola

(architecture) banderole (flat band with an inscription)


pylon

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn, “gateway”).

стълб

a towerlike structure used to support high-voltage electricity cables

(architecture) A tall steel or concrete tower from which cables are strung.


pylon

pylon (nominative singular)
pylony (nominative plural)
pylonu (genitive singular)
pylonów (genitive plural)
pylonowi (dative singular)
pylonom (dative plural)
pylon (accusative singular)
pylony (accusative plural)
pylonem (instrumental singular)
pylonami (instrumental plural)
pylonie (locative singular)
pylonach (locative plural)
pylonie (singular vocative)
pylony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn).

(architecture) pylon (gateway to the inner part of an Ancient Egyptian temple)


model

desc

→ Cantonese: 模特兒 /模特儿 (mou⁴ dak⁶ ji⁴), 摩度

→ Cebuano: model

→ German: Model

→ Japanese: モデル

→ Korean: 모델 (model)

→ Mandarin: 模特兒 /模特儿, 麻豆 (neologism)

→ Swahili: modeli

→ Welsh: model

From Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus (“measure, standard”), diminutive of modus (“measure”); see mode, and compare module, modulus, mould, mold.

عارض أزياء

ʕāriḍ ʔazyāʔ

software architecture
software architecture

(software architecture) In software applications using the model-view-controller design pattern, the part or parts of the application that manage the data.


principal

en-noun

principal (countable and uncountable, plural principals)

principals (plural)
principall (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English principal, from Old French principal, from Latin prīncipālis.

Principal (education)
Principal value
principal

(architecture, engineering) The construction that gives shape and strength to a roof, generally a truss of timber or iron; or, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.

kurkihirsi

architecture: construction that gives shape and strength to a roof


ark

ark m (definite singular arken, indefinite plural arker, definite plural arkene)

arken (definite singular)
arker (indefinite plural)
arkene (definite plural)

From Old Danish ark, arken, arkens, through Middle Low German or Low German arkener (“breast protection”), from Old French arquiere (“shooting range”).


ark

ark f (definite singular arka, indefinite plural arker, definite plural arkene)

arka (definite singular)
arker (indefinite plural)
arkene (definite plural)

From Old Norse ǫrk, from Latin arca (“chest, box”); sense 3 from Old French arquire, via Middle Low German or Low German and old Danish.


parapet

parapecik (diminutive)
parapet (nominative singular)
parapety (nominative plural)
parapetu (genitive singular)
parapetów (genitive plural)
parapetowi (dative singular)
parapetom (dative plural)
parapet (accusative singular)
parapety (accusative plural)
parapetem (instrumental singular)
parapetami (instrumental plural)
parapecie (locative singular)
parapetach (locative plural)
parapecie (singular vocative)
parapety (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French parapet, from Italian parapetto.


return

en-noun

return (countable and uncountable, plural returns)

returns (plural)
returne (alternative obsolete)
retvrn (alternative Internet)

From Middle English returnen, retornen, from Anglo-Norman returner, from Old French retourner, retorner, from Medieval Latin retornare (“to turn back”), from re- + tornare (“to turn”). Compare beturn.

der

A facade of sixty feet east and west has a return of twenty feet north and south.

(architecture) The continuation in a different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, such as a moulding; applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer.


hall

(architecture) lobby; entrance hall (a room in a building used for entry from the outside)


opera

opera (nominative singular)
opery (nominative plural)
opery (genitive singular)
oper (genitive plural)
operze (dative singular)
operom (dative plural)
operę (accusative singular)
opery (accusative plural)
operą (instrumental singular)
operami (instrumental plural)
operze (locative singular)
operach (locative plural)
opero (singular vocative)
opery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian opera, from Latin opera.


panel

From Middle English panel (“piece of cloth, saddle pad, pane of glass, piece of ice, part, division, jury list, jury members”), from Anglo-Norman panel, panelle (“piece of cloth, saddle cushion”), from Vulgar Latin *pannellus, diminutive of Latin pannus (“cloth, rag, garment”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂n- (“fabric”). Cognate with Old English fana (“a piece of cloth, patch, banner, flag, vane”). Doublet of vane.

cog

A (usually) rectangular section of a surface, or of a covering or of a wall, fence etc.

(architecture) A sunken compartment with raised margins, moulded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.


rampant

en-adj

rampant (comparative more rampant, superlative most rampant)

more rampant (comparative)
most rampant (superlative)
rampaunt (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English rampand, rampend, present participle of rampen (“to rise by climbing, shoot up, sprout, sty, ascend”), from Old French ramper (“to creep, climb”) (see below), equivalent to ramp + -and or ramp + -ant. Recorded since 1382, "standing on the hind legs" (as in heraldry), later, "fierce, ravenous" (1387). Compare Scots rampand (“rampant”).
Alternatively from Middle English *rampant, from Old French rampant, the present participle of ramper (“to creep, climb”), equivalent to ramp + -ant. Old French ramper derives from Frankish *rampōn, *hrampōn (“to hook, grapple, climb”), from *rampa, *hrampa (“hook, claw, talon”), from Proto-Germanic *hrempaną (“to curve, shrivel, shrink, wrinkle”).

der

(architecture) Tilted, said of an arch with one side higher than the other, or a vault whose two abutments are located on an inclined plane.


rampant

fr-adj

rampant (feminine rampante, masculine plural rampants, feminine plural rampantes)

rampante (feminine)
rampants (masculine plural)
rampantes (feminine plural)


balloon

→ Assamese: বেলুন (belun)

→ Bengali: বেলুন (belun)

→ Japanese: バルーン (barūn)

→ Maori: parūnu

→ Welsh: balŵn

→ Zulu: ibhaloni

1570, "a game played with a large, inflated leather ball" (possibly via Middle French ballon) from Italian pallone (“large ball”) from palla (“ball”), from Lombardic *palla. The Northern Italian form, balla (“ball-shaped bundle”), today a doublet, likely derived from Old French balle, from Frankish *balla (“ball”), and may have influenced the spelling of this word. Both Germanic words are from Proto-Germanic *ballô (“ball”), *balluz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoln- (“bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell, inflate”). Akin to Old High German ballo, bal (“ball”), (German Ballen (“bale”); Ball "ball"). Doublet of ballon. More at ball.

der

the balloon of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London

(architecture) A ball or globe on the top of a pillar, church, etc.

pallo

architecture: ball or globe on the top of a pillar etc.


gorge

From Middle English gorge (“esophagus, gullet; throat; bird's crop; food in a hawk's crop; food or drink that has been eaten”), a borrowing from Old French gorge (“throat”) (modern French gorge (“throat; breast”)), from Vulgar Latin *gorga, *gurga, from Latin gurges (“eddy, whirlpool; gulf; sea”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to devour, swallow; to eat”). The English word is cognate with Galician gorxa (“throat”), Italian gorga, gorgia (“gorge, ravine; (obsolete) throat”), Occitan gorga, gorja, Portuguese gorja (“gullet, throat; gorge”), Spanish gorja (“gullet, throat; gorge”). Doublet of gour.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-gorge.wav

GORGE, Gula, in architecture, the narroweſt part of Tuſcan and Doric capitals, lying between the aſtragal, above the ſhaft of the pillar and the annulets. […] It is alſo uſed for a concave moulding, larger, but not ſo deep as a ſcotia, which ſerves for compartments, &c.

[1764, Temple Henry Croker, Thomas Williams, Samuel Clark [et al.], “GORGE”, in The Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. …, volume I, London: Printed for the authors, and sold by J. Wilson & J. Fell, […]; J. Fletcher & Co., […]; J. Coote, […]; Cambridge: Mess. Fletcher & Hodson; Dublin: W. Smith & Co., →OCLC, column 1:

(architecture) A concave moulding; a cavetto.

Half Moon. An Outwork conſiſting of two Faces, which makes an Angle Salient, the Gorge whereof bends in like a Bow, or Creſcent, and were formerly us'd to cover the Point of a Baſtion, which diſtinguiſhes them from Ravelins, always plac'd before the Curtin; […]

1745, “Half Moon”, in An Introduction to the Art of Fortification. […], London: Printed for and sold by John Brindley, […], →OCLC, column 1:

Ramps lead from the gorges of the bastions down to these outlets into the main ditch. […] To keep open the communication between the bastions, a gallery between their gorges is made along the curtain wall.

1874, D[ennis] H[art] Mahan, “Modifications Proposed in the Bastioned System”, in J. B. Wheeler, editor, An Elementary Course of Permanent Fortification, for the Use of the Cadets of the U.S. Military Academy, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Son, […], →OCLC, paragraph 236, page 127:

Construction on this massive fort was never completed. […] Only the foundations and a few tiers of stone were completed on the two gorge walls and the gorge bastion. At this point, a significant modification in design was made. […] In this way, the gorge of the fort was closed at minimum expense.

2018 June, John R. Weaver II, “New York City”, in A Legacy in Brick and Stone: American Coastal Defense Forts of the Third System, 1816–1867, 2nd edition, McLean, Va.: Redoubt Press, McGovern Publishing, →ISBN, page 164, column 1:

(architecture, military, fortification) The rearward side of an outwork, a bastion, or a fort, often open, or not protected against artillery; a narrow entry passage into the outwork of an enclosed fortification.


gola

Inherited from Old Spanish gola, from Latin gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”). Doublet of the borrowing gula.


lysis

From Latin lysis, from Ancient Greek λύσις (lúsis, “a loosening”). Compare -lysis.

der

(architecture) A plinth or step above the cornice of the podium in an ancient temple.


ตะเกียบ

th-noun

ตะเกียบ • (dtà-gìiap)

Possibly from Khmer តង្កៀប (tɑɑtɑngkiəp, “pliers; tongs”) or Mon သ္ကေပ်. Compare another Khmer ថ្កៀប (thkiəp), Lao ຕະຂຽບ (ta khīap), Lü ᦑᦰᦵᦆᧇ (t!xeb), Hlai tiep.

bor

(architecture) pair of poles fixed into the ground for the purpose of bracing another pole.


pilar

From Dutch pilaar, from Medieval Latin pīlāre, from Latin pīla (“a pillar”).

(architecture) a large post, often used as supporting architecture


invert

(architecture) An inverted arch (as in a sewer).


apse

From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”), from ἅπτω (háptō, “I bind, join”).

der

The draughtsman could not have held the sheet with the apse at the tip, for then, instead of shading away from the edge, most of his hatched lines would begin in the uncharted middle ground of a shadeable area, to strike against the contour; […]

1960, Leo Steinberg, San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane: A Study in Multiple Form and Architectural Symbolism:

(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.


atrium

From Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

(architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.


atrium

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings


atrium

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrier, definite plural atria or atriene)

atriet (definite singular)
atrier (indefinite plural)
atria (definite plural)
atriene (definite plural)


atrium

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrium, definite plural atria)

atriet (definite singular)
atrium (indefinite plural)
atria (definite plural)


atrium

atrium (nominative singular)
atria (nominative plural)
atrium (genitive singular)
atriów (genitive plural)
atrium (dative singular)
atriom (dative plural)
atrium (accusative singular)
atria (accusative plural)
atrium (instrumental singular)
atriami (instrumental plural)
atrium (locative singular)
atriach (locative plural)
atrium (singular vocative)
atria (plural vocative)

(architecture) atrium (a square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels)

(architecture, Ancient Rome) atrium (a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings)


camber

From Old French cambre (“bent”), from Latin camurum, from camur (“arched”).

(architecture) An upward concavity in the underside of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch.


canto

From Latin canthus or Vulgar Latin *cantus, from Ancient Greek κανθός (kanthós, “corner of the eye”).

(architecture) type of stone used in the corners of a building