lihava

lihava (comparative lihavampi, superlative lihavin)

lihavampi (comparative)
lihavin (superlative)
lihava (nominative singular)
lihavat (nominative plural)
lihava (accusative nominative singular)
lihavat (accusative nominative plural)
lihavan (accusative genitive singular)
lihavat (accusative genitive plural)
lihavan (genitive singular)
lihavien (genitive plural)
lihavain (genitive plural rare)
lihavaa (partitive singular)
lihavia (partitive plural)
lihavassa (inessive singular)
lihavissa (inessive plural)
lihavasta (elative singular)
lihavista (elative plural)
lihavaan (illative singular)
lihaviin (illative plural)
lihavalla (adessive singular)
lihavilla (adessive plural)
lihavalta (ablative singular)
lihavilta (ablative plural)
lihavalle (allative singular)
lihaville (allative plural)
lihavana (essive singular)
lihavina (essive plural)
lihavaksi (singular translative)
lihaviksi (plural translative)
lihavatta (abessive singular)
lihavitta (abessive plural)
lihavin (instructive plural)
lihavine (comitative plural)
lihavani (nominative singular)
lihavani (nominative plural)
lihavani (accusative nominative singular)
lihavani (accusative nominative plural)
lihavani (accusative genitive singular)
lihavani (accusative genitive plural)
lihavani (genitive singular)
lihavieni (genitive plural)
lihavaini (genitive plural rare)
lihavaani (partitive singular)
lihaviani (partitive plural)
lihavassani (inessive singular)
lihavissani (inessive plural)
lihavastani (elative singular)
lihavistani (elative plural)
lihavaani (illative singular)
lihaviini (illative plural)
lihavallani (adessive singular)
lihavillani (adessive plural)
lihavaltani (ablative singular)
lihaviltani (ablative plural)
lihavalleni (allative singular)
lihavilleni (allative plural)
lihavanani (essive singular)
lihavinani (essive plural)
lihavakseni (singular translative)
lihavikseni (plural translative)
lihavattani (abessive singular)
lihavittani (abessive plural)
lihavineni (comitative plural)
lihavasi (nominative singular)
lihavasi (nominative plural)
lihavasi (accusative nominative singular)
lihavasi (accusative nominative plural)
lihavasi (accusative genitive singular)
lihavasi (accusative genitive plural)
lihavasi (genitive singular)
lihaviesi (genitive plural)
lihavaisi (genitive plural rare)
lihavaasi (partitive singular)
lihaviasi (partitive plural)
lihavassasi (inessive singular)
lihavissasi (inessive plural)
lihavastasi (elative singular)
lihavistasi (elative plural)
lihavaasi (illative singular)
lihaviisi (illative plural)
lihavallasi (adessive singular)
lihavillasi (adessive plural)
lihavaltasi (ablative singular)
lihaviltasi (ablative plural)
lihavallesi (allative singular)
lihavillesi (allative plural)
lihavanasi (essive singular)
lihavinasi (essive plural)
lihavaksesi (singular translative)
lihaviksesi (plural translative)
lihavattasi (abessive singular)
lihavittasi (abessive plural)
lihavinesi (comitative plural)
lihavamme (nominative singular)
lihavamme (nominative plural)
lihavamme (accusative nominative singular)
lihavamme (accusative nominative plural)
lihavamme (accusative genitive singular)
lihavamme (accusative genitive plural)
lihavamme (genitive singular)
lihaviemme (genitive plural)
lihavaimme (genitive plural rare)
lihavaamme (partitive singular)
lihaviamme (partitive plural)
lihavassamme (inessive singular)
lihavissamme (inessive plural)
lihavastamme (elative singular)
lihavistamme (elative plural)
lihavaamme (illative singular)
lihaviimme (illative plural)
lihavallamme (adessive singular)
lihavillamme (adessive plural)
lihavaltamme (ablative singular)
lihaviltamme (ablative plural)
lihavallemme (allative singular)
lihavillemme (allative plural)
lihavanamme (essive singular)
lihavinamme (essive plural)
lihavaksemme (singular translative)
lihaviksemme (plural translative)
lihavattamme (abessive singular)
lihavittamme (abessive plural)
lihavinemme (comitative plural)
lihavanne (nominative singular)
lihavanne (nominative plural)
lihavanne (accusative nominative singular)
lihavanne (accusative nominative plural)
lihavanne (accusative genitive singular)
lihavanne (accusative genitive plural)
lihavanne (genitive singular)
lihavienne (genitive plural)
lihavainne (genitive plural rare)
lihavaanne (partitive singular)
lihavianne (partitive plural)
lihavassanne (inessive singular)
lihavissanne (inessive plural)
lihavastanne (elative singular)
lihavistanne (elative plural)
lihavaanne (illative singular)
lihaviinne (illative plural)
lihavallanne (adessive singular)
lihavillanne (adessive plural)
lihavaltanne (ablative singular)
lihaviltanne (ablative plural)
lihavallenne (allative singular)
lihavillenne (allative plural)
lihavananne (essive singular)
lihavinanne (essive plural)
lihavaksenne (singular translative)
lihaviksenne (plural translative)
lihavattanne (abessive singular)
lihavittanne (abessive plural)
lihavinenne (comitative plural)
lihavansa (nominative singular)
lihavansa (nominative plural)
lihavansa (accusative nominative singular)
lihavansa (accusative nominative plural)
lihavansa (accusative genitive singular)
lihavansa (accusative genitive plural)
lihavansa (genitive singular)
lihaviensa (genitive plural)
lihavainsa (genitive plural rare)
lihavaansa (partitive singular)
lihaviaan (partitive plural)
lihaviansa (partitive plural)
lihavassaan (inessive singular)
lihavassansa (inessive singular)
lihavissaan (inessive plural)
lihavissansa (inessive plural)
lihavastaan (elative singular)
lihavastansa (elative singular)
lihavistaan (elative plural)
lihavistansa (elative plural)
lihavaansa (illative singular)
lihaviinsa (illative plural)
lihavallaan (adessive singular)
lihavallansa (adessive singular)
lihavillaan (adessive plural)
lihavillansa (adessive plural)
lihavaltaan (ablative singular)
lihavaltansa (ablative singular)
lihaviltaan (ablative plural)
lihaviltansa (ablative plural)
lihavalleen (allative singular)
lihavallensa (allative singular)
lihavilleen (allative plural)
lihavillensa (allative plural)
lihavanaan (essive singular)
lihavanansa (essive singular)
lihavinaan (essive plural)
lihavinansa (essive plural)
lihavakseen (singular translative)
lihavaksensa (singular translative)
lihavikseen (plural translative)
lihaviksensa (plural translative)
lihavattaan (abessive singular)
lihavattansa (abessive singular)
lihavittaan (abessive plural)
lihavittansa (abessive plural)
lihavineen (comitative plural)
lihavinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *lihaba. Equivalent to liha (“flesh”) + -va.

(typography) bold (having thicker strokes than the ordinary form of the typeface)


hat

Sranan Tongo: ati

From Middle English hat, from Old English hætt, from Proto-Germanic *hattuz (“hat”), from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”). Cognate with North Frisian hat (“hat”), Danish hat (“hat”), Swedish hatt (“hat”), Icelandic hattur (“hat”), Finnish hattu (“hat”), Latin cassis (“helmet”), Lithuanian kudas (“bird's crest or tuft”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬛𐬀 (xaoda, “hat”), Persian خود (xud, “helmet”), Welsh cadw (“to provide for, ensure”). Compare also hood.

cog

I’lll have to leave it up to antiques experts to tell you when objects were marked that way, but I can tell you it’s called a “hacek” (with the hat over the “c” and pronounced “hacheck”.) It is used to show that a “c” is pronounced as “ch” and an “s” as “sh.” Sometimes linguists just call it the “hat.”

1997 October 6th, “Patricia V. Lehman” (user name), rec.antiques (Usenet newsgroup), “Re: Unusual Mark – made in Cechoslovakia”, Message ID: <34390399.BD7@umich.edu>#1/1

(typography, nonstandard, rare) The háček symbol.


hattu

hattu (nominative singular)
hatut (nominative plural)
hattu (accusative nominative singular)
hatut (accusative nominative plural)
hatun (accusative genitive singular)
hatut (accusative genitive plural)
hatun (genitive singular)
hattujen (genitive plural)
hattua (partitive singular)
hattuja (partitive plural)
hatussa (inessive singular)
hatuissa (inessive plural)
hatusta (elative singular)
hatuista (elative plural)
hattuun (illative singular)
hattuihin (illative plural)
hatulla (adessive singular)
hatuilla (adessive plural)
hatulta (ablative singular)
hatuilta (ablative plural)
hatulle (allative singular)
hatuille (allative plural)
hattuna (essive singular)
hattuina (essive plural)
hatuksi (singular translative)
hatuiksi (plural translative)
hatutta (abessive singular)
hatuitta (abessive plural)
hatuin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hattuni (nominative singular)
hattuni (nominative plural)
hattuni (accusative nominative singular)
hattuni (accusative nominative plural)
hattuni (accusative genitive singular)
hattuni (accusative genitive plural)
hattuni (genitive singular)
hattujeni (genitive plural)
hattuani (partitive singular)
hattujani (partitive plural)
hatussani (inessive singular)
hatuissani (inessive plural)
hatustani (elative singular)
hatuistani (elative plural)
hattuuni (illative singular)
hattuihini (illative plural)
hatullani (adessive singular)
hatuillani (adessive plural)
hatultani (ablative singular)
hatuiltani (ablative plural)
hatulleni (allative singular)
hatuilleni (allative plural)
hattunani (essive singular)
hattuinani (essive plural)
hatukseni (singular translative)
hatuikseni (plural translative)
hatuttani (abessive singular)
hatuittani (abessive plural)
hattuineni (comitative plural)
hattusi (nominative singular)
hattusi (nominative plural)
hattusi (accusative nominative singular)
hattusi (accusative nominative plural)
hattusi (accusative genitive singular)
hattusi (accusative genitive plural)
hattusi (genitive singular)
hattujesi (genitive plural)
hattuasi (partitive singular)
hattujasi (partitive plural)
hatussasi (inessive singular)
hatuissasi (inessive plural)
hatustasi (elative singular)
hatuistasi (elative plural)
hattuusi (illative singular)
hattuihisi (illative plural)
hatullasi (adessive singular)
hatuillasi (adessive plural)
hatultasi (ablative singular)
hatuiltasi (ablative plural)
hatullesi (allative singular)
hatuillesi (allative plural)
hattunasi (essive singular)
hattuinasi (essive plural)
hatuksesi (singular translative)
hatuiksesi (plural translative)
hatuttasi (abessive singular)
hatuittasi (abessive plural)
hattuinesi (comitative plural)
hattumme (nominative singular)
hattumme (nominative plural)
hattumme (accusative nominative singular)
hattumme (accusative nominative plural)
hattumme (accusative genitive singular)
hattumme (accusative genitive plural)
hattumme (genitive singular)
hattujemme (genitive plural)
hattuamme (partitive singular)
hattujamme (partitive plural)
hatussamme (inessive singular)
hatuissamme (inessive plural)
hatustamme (elative singular)
hatuistamme (elative plural)
hattuumme (illative singular)
hattuihimme (illative plural)
hatullamme (adessive singular)
hatuillamme (adessive plural)
hatultamme (ablative singular)
hatuiltamme (ablative plural)
hatullemme (allative singular)
hatuillemme (allative plural)
hattunamme (essive singular)
hattuinamme (essive plural)
hatuksemme (singular translative)
hatuiksemme (plural translative)
hatuttamme (abessive singular)
hatuittamme (abessive plural)
hattuinemme (comitative plural)
hattunne (nominative singular)
hattunne (nominative plural)
hattunne (accusative nominative singular)
hattunne (accusative nominative plural)
hattunne (accusative genitive singular)
hattunne (accusative genitive plural)
hattunne (genitive singular)
hattujenne (genitive plural)
hattuanne (partitive singular)
hattujanne (partitive plural)
hatussanne (inessive singular)
hatuissanne (inessive plural)
hatustanne (elative singular)
hatuistanne (elative plural)
hattuunne (illative singular)
hattuihinne (illative plural)
hatullanne (adessive singular)
hatuillanne (adessive plural)
hatultanne (ablative singular)
hatuiltanne (ablative plural)
hatullenne (allative singular)
hatuillenne (allative plural)
hattunanne (essive singular)
hattuinanne (essive plural)
hatuksenne (singular translative)
hatuiksenne (plural translative)
hatuttanne (abessive singular)
hatuittanne (abessive plural)
hattuinenne (comitative plural)
hattunsa (nominative singular)
hattunsa (nominative plural)
hattunsa (accusative nominative singular)
hattunsa (accusative nominative plural)
hattunsa (accusative genitive singular)
hattunsa (accusative genitive plural)
hattunsa (genitive singular)
hattujensa (genitive plural)
hattuaan (partitive singular)
hattuansa (partitive singular)
hattujaan (partitive plural)
hattujansa (partitive plural)
hatussaan (inessive singular)
hatussansa (inessive singular)
hatuissaan (inessive plural)
hatuissansa (inessive plural)
hatustaan (elative singular)
hatustansa (elative singular)
hatuistaan (elative plural)
hatuistansa (elative plural)
hattuunsa (illative singular)
hattuihinsa (illative plural)
hatullaan (adessive singular)
hatullansa (adessive singular)
hatuillaan (adessive plural)
hatuillansa (adessive plural)
hatultaan (ablative singular)
hatultansa (ablative singular)
hatuiltaan (ablative plural)
hatuiltansa (ablative plural)
hatulleen (allative singular)
hatullensa (allative singular)
hatuilleen (allative plural)
hatuillensa (allative plural)
hattunaan (essive singular)
hattunansa (essive singular)
hattuinaan (essive plural)
hattuinansa (essive plural)
hatukseen (singular translative)
hatuksensa (singular translative)
hatuikseen (plural translative)
hatuiksensa (plural translative)
hatuttaan (abessive singular)
hatuttansa (abessive singular)
hatuittaan (abessive plural)
hatuittansa (abessive plural)
hattuineen (comitative plural)
hattuinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *hattu (compare Ingrian hattu, Karelian hattu, Votic hattu), borrowed from Proto-Norse *ᚺᚨᛏᛏᚢᛉ (*hattuʀ) (compare Swedish hatt), from Proto-Germanic *hattuz (compare English hat).

vetää hatustaan

to improvise, guess, express off the top of one's head

(orthography, typography) háček, caron (diacritical mark [ ˇ ])


versaali

versaali (nominative singular)
versaalit (nominative plural)
versaali (accusative nominative singular)
versaalit (accusative nominative plural)
versaalin (accusative genitive singular)
versaalit (accusative genitive plural)
versaalin (genitive singular)
versaalien (genitive plural)
versaaleiden (genitive plural)
versaaleitten (genitive plural)
versaalia (partitive singular)
versaaleita (partitive plural)
versaaleja (partitive plural)
versaalissa (inessive singular)
versaaleissa (inessive plural)
versaalista (elative singular)
versaaleista (elative plural)
versaaliin (illative singular)
versaaleihin (illative plural)
versaalilla (adessive singular)
versaaleilla (adessive plural)
versaalilta (ablative singular)
versaaleilta (ablative plural)
versaalille (allative singular)
versaaleille (allative plural)
versaalina (essive singular)
versaaleina (essive plural)
versaaliksi (singular translative)
versaaleiksi (plural translative)
versaalitta (abessive singular)
versaaleitta (abessive plural)
versaalein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
versaalini (nominative singular)
versaalini (nominative plural)
versaalini (accusative nominative singular)
versaalini (accusative nominative plural)
versaalini (accusative genitive singular)
versaalini (accusative genitive plural)
versaalini (genitive singular)
versaalieni (genitive plural)
versaaleideni (genitive plural)
versaaleitteni (genitive plural)
versaaliani (partitive singular)
versaaleitani (partitive plural)
versaalejani (partitive plural)
versaalissani (inessive singular)
versaaleissani (inessive plural)
versaalistani (elative singular)
versaaleistani (elative plural)
versaaliini (illative singular)
versaaleihini (illative plural)
versaalillani (adessive singular)
versaaleillani (adessive plural)
versaaliltani (ablative singular)
versaaleiltani (ablative plural)
versaalilleni (allative singular)
versaaleilleni (allative plural)
versaalinani (essive singular)
versaaleinani (essive plural)
versaalikseni (singular translative)
versaaleikseni (plural translative)
versaalittani (abessive singular)
versaaleittani (abessive plural)
versaaleineni (comitative plural)
versaalisi (nominative singular)
versaalisi (nominative plural)
versaalisi (accusative nominative singular)
versaalisi (accusative nominative plural)
versaalisi (accusative genitive singular)
versaalisi (accusative genitive plural)
versaalisi (genitive singular)
versaaliesi (genitive plural)
versaaleidesi (genitive plural)
versaaleittesi (genitive plural)
versaaliasi (partitive singular)
versaaleitasi (partitive plural)
versaalejasi (partitive plural)
versaalissasi (inessive singular)
versaaleissasi (inessive plural)
versaalistasi (elative singular)
versaaleistasi (elative plural)
versaaliisi (illative singular)
versaaleihisi (illative plural)
versaalillasi (adessive singular)
versaaleillasi (adessive plural)
versaaliltasi (ablative singular)
versaaleiltasi (ablative plural)
versaalillesi (allative singular)
versaaleillesi (allative plural)
versaalinasi (essive singular)
versaaleinasi (essive plural)
versaaliksesi (singular translative)
versaaleiksesi (plural translative)
versaalittasi (abessive singular)
versaaleittasi (abessive plural)
versaaleinesi (comitative plural)
versaalimme (nominative singular)
versaalimme (nominative plural)
versaalimme (accusative nominative singular)
versaalimme (accusative nominative plural)
versaalimme (accusative genitive singular)
versaalimme (accusative genitive plural)
versaalimme (genitive singular)
versaaliemme (genitive plural)
versaaleidemme (genitive plural)
versaaleittemme (genitive plural)
versaaliamme (partitive singular)
versaaleitamme (partitive plural)
versaalejamme (partitive plural)
versaalissamme (inessive singular)
versaaleissamme (inessive plural)
versaalistamme (elative singular)
versaaleistamme (elative plural)
versaaliimme (illative singular)
versaaleihimme (illative plural)
versaalillamme (adessive singular)
versaaleillamme (adessive plural)
versaaliltamme (ablative singular)
versaaleiltamme (ablative plural)
versaalillemme (allative singular)
versaaleillemme (allative plural)
versaalinamme (essive singular)
versaaleinamme (essive plural)
versaaliksemme (singular translative)
versaaleiksemme (plural translative)
versaalittamme (abessive singular)
versaaleittamme (abessive plural)
versaaleinemme (comitative plural)
versaalinne (nominative singular)
versaalinne (nominative plural)
versaalinne (accusative nominative singular)
versaalinne (accusative nominative plural)
versaalinne (accusative genitive singular)
versaalinne (accusative genitive plural)
versaalinne (genitive singular)
versaalienne (genitive plural)
versaaleidenne (genitive plural)
versaaleittenne (genitive plural)
versaalianne (partitive singular)
versaaleitanne (partitive plural)
versaalejanne (partitive plural)
versaalissanne (inessive singular)
versaaleissanne (inessive plural)
versaalistanne (elative singular)
versaaleistanne (elative plural)
versaaliinne (illative singular)
versaaleihinne (illative plural)
versaalillanne (adessive singular)
versaaleillanne (adessive plural)
versaaliltanne (ablative singular)
versaaleiltanne (ablative plural)
versaalillenne (allative singular)
versaaleillenne (allative plural)
versaalinanne (essive singular)
versaaleinanne (essive plural)
versaaliksenne (singular translative)
versaaleiksenne (plural translative)
versaalittanne (abessive singular)
versaaleittanne (abessive plural)
versaaleinenne (comitative plural)
versaalinsa (nominative singular)
versaalinsa (nominative plural)
versaalinsa (accusative nominative singular)
versaalinsa (accusative nominative plural)
versaalinsa (accusative genitive singular)
versaalinsa (accusative genitive plural)
versaalinsa (genitive singular)
versaaliensa (genitive plural)
versaaleidensa (genitive plural)
versaaleittensa (genitive plural)
versaaliaan (partitive singular)
versaaliansa (partitive singular)
versaaleitaan (partitive plural)
versaalejaan (partitive plural)
versaaleitansa (partitive plural)
versaalejansa (partitive plural)
versaalissaan (inessive singular)
versaalissansa (inessive singular)
versaaleissaan (inessive plural)
versaaleissansa (inessive plural)
versaalistaan (elative singular)
versaalistansa (elative singular)
versaaleistaan (elative plural)
versaaleistansa (elative plural)
versaaliinsa (illative singular)
versaaleihinsa (illative plural)
versaalillaan (adessive singular)
versaalillansa (adessive singular)
versaaleillaan (adessive plural)
versaaleillansa (adessive plural)
versaaliltaan (ablative singular)
versaaliltansa (ablative singular)
versaaleiltaan (ablative plural)
versaaleiltansa (ablative plural)
versaalilleen (allative singular)
versaalillensa (allative singular)
versaaleilleen (allative plural)
versaaleillensa (allative plural)
versaalinaan (essive singular)
versaalinansa (essive singular)
versaaleinaan (essive plural)
versaaleinansa (essive plural)
versaalikseen (singular translative)
versaaliksensa (singular translative)
versaaleikseen (plural translative)
versaaleiksensa (plural translative)
versaalittaan (abessive singular)
versaalittansa (abessive singular)
versaaleittaan (abessive plural)
versaaleittansa (abessive plural)
versaaleineen (comitative plural)
versaaleinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈʋe̞rs̠ɑ̝ːli]

(typography) upper case (capital letters A, B, C.. collectively)


kapiteeli

kapiteeli (nominative singular)
kapiteelit (nominative plural)
kapiteeli (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelit (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelin (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelit (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelin (genitive singular)
kapiteelien (genitive plural)
kapiteelia (partitive singular)
kapiteeleja (partitive plural)
kapiteelissa (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissa (inessive plural)
kapiteelista (elative singular)
kapiteeleista (elative plural)
kapiteeliin (illative singular)
kapiteeleihin (illative plural)
kapiteelilla (adessive singular)
kapiteeleilla (adessive plural)
kapiteelilta (ablative singular)
kapiteeleilta (ablative plural)
kapiteelille (allative singular)
kapiteeleille (allative plural)
kapiteelina (essive singular)
kapiteeleina (essive plural)
kapiteeliksi (singular translative)
kapiteeleiksi (plural translative)
kapiteelitta (abessive singular)
kapiteeleitta (abessive plural)
kapiteelein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kapiteelini (nominative singular)
kapiteelini (nominative plural)
kapiteelini (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelini (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelini (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelini (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelini (genitive singular)
kapiteelieni (genitive plural)
kapiteeliani (partitive singular)
kapiteelejani (partitive plural)
kapiteelissani (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissani (inessive plural)
kapiteelistani (elative singular)
kapiteeleistani (elative plural)
kapiteeliini (illative singular)
kapiteeleihini (illative plural)
kapiteelillani (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillani (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltani (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltani (ablative plural)
kapiteelilleni (allative singular)
kapiteeleilleni (allative plural)
kapiteelinani (essive singular)
kapiteeleinani (essive plural)
kapiteelikseni (singular translative)
kapiteeleikseni (plural translative)
kapiteelittani (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittani (abessive plural)
kapiteeleineni (comitative plural)
kapiteelisi (nominative singular)
kapiteelisi (nominative plural)
kapiteelisi (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelisi (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelisi (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelisi (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelisi (genitive singular)
kapiteeliesi (genitive plural)
kapiteeliasi (partitive singular)
kapiteelejasi (partitive plural)
kapiteelissasi (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissasi (inessive plural)
kapiteelistasi (elative singular)
kapiteeleistasi (elative plural)
kapiteeliisi (illative singular)
kapiteeleihisi (illative plural)
kapiteelillasi (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillasi (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltasi (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltasi (ablative plural)
kapiteelillesi (allative singular)
kapiteeleillesi (allative plural)
kapiteelinasi (essive singular)
kapiteeleinasi (essive plural)
kapiteeliksesi (singular translative)
kapiteeleiksesi (plural translative)
kapiteelittasi (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittasi (abessive plural)
kapiteeleinesi (comitative plural)
kapiteelimme (nominative singular)
kapiteelimme (nominative plural)
kapiteelimme (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelimme (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelimme (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelimme (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelimme (genitive singular)
kapiteeliemme (genitive plural)
kapiteeliamme (partitive singular)
kapiteelejamme (partitive plural)
kapiteelissamme (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissamme (inessive plural)
kapiteelistamme (elative singular)
kapiteeleistamme (elative plural)
kapiteeliimme (illative singular)
kapiteeleihimme (illative plural)
kapiteelillamme (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillamme (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltamme (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltamme (ablative plural)
kapiteelillemme (allative singular)
kapiteeleillemme (allative plural)
kapiteelinamme (essive singular)
kapiteeleinamme (essive plural)
kapiteeliksemme (singular translative)
kapiteeleiksemme (plural translative)
kapiteelittamme (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittamme (abessive plural)
kapiteeleinemme (comitative plural)
kapiteelinne (nominative singular)
kapiteelinne (nominative plural)
kapiteelinne (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelinne (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelinne (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelinne (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelinne (genitive singular)
kapiteelienne (genitive plural)
kapiteelianne (partitive singular)
kapiteelejanne (partitive plural)
kapiteelissanne (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissanne (inessive plural)
kapiteelistanne (elative singular)
kapiteeleistanne (elative plural)
kapiteeliinne (illative singular)
kapiteeleihinne (illative plural)
kapiteelillanne (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillanne (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltanne (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltanne (ablative plural)
kapiteelillenne (allative singular)
kapiteeleillenne (allative plural)
kapiteelinanne (essive singular)
kapiteeleinanne (essive plural)
kapiteeliksenne (singular translative)
kapiteeleiksenne (plural translative)
kapiteelittanne (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittanne (abessive plural)
kapiteeleinenne (comitative plural)
kapiteelinsa (nominative singular)
kapiteelinsa (nominative plural)
kapiteelinsa (accusative nominative singular)
kapiteelinsa (accusative nominative plural)
kapiteelinsa (accusative genitive singular)
kapiteelinsa (accusative genitive plural)
kapiteelinsa (genitive singular)
kapiteeliensa (genitive plural)
kapiteeliaan (partitive singular)
kapiteeliansa (partitive singular)
kapiteelejaan (partitive plural)
kapiteelejansa (partitive plural)
kapiteelissaan (inessive singular)
kapiteelissansa (inessive singular)
kapiteeleissaan (inessive plural)
kapiteeleissansa (inessive plural)
kapiteelistaan (elative singular)
kapiteelistansa (elative singular)
kapiteeleistaan (elative plural)
kapiteeleistansa (elative plural)
kapiteeliinsa (illative singular)
kapiteeleihinsa (illative plural)
kapiteelillaan (adessive singular)
kapiteelillansa (adessive singular)
kapiteeleillaan (adessive plural)
kapiteeleillansa (adessive plural)
kapiteeliltaan (ablative singular)
kapiteeliltansa (ablative singular)
kapiteeleiltaan (ablative plural)
kapiteeleiltansa (ablative plural)
kapiteelilleen (allative singular)
kapiteelillensa (allative singular)
kapiteeleilleen (allative plural)
kapiteeleillensa (allative plural)
kapiteelinaan (essive singular)
kapiteelinansa (essive singular)
kapiteeleinaan (essive plural)
kapiteeleinansa (essive plural)
kapiteelikseen (singular translative)
kapiteeliksensa (singular translative)
kapiteeleikseen (plural translative)
kapiteeleiksensa (plural translative)
kapiteelittaan (abessive singular)
kapiteelittansa (abessive singular)
kapiteeleittaan (abessive plural)
kapiteeleittansa (abessive plural)
kapiteeleineen (comitative plural)
kapiteeleinensa (comitative plural)

(typography) small caps (capital letters shown in text in small size, usually the size of the small letters; used e.g. to emphasize names, as e.g. in "Nuoruudessaan kekkonen toimi salaisessa poliisissa. -- "In his youth kekkonen worked in the secret police.")


gemena

gemena (nominative singular)
gemenat (nominative plural)
gemena (accusative nominative singular)
gemenat (accusative nominative plural)
gemenan (accusative genitive singular)
gemenat (accusative genitive plural)
gemenan (genitive singular)
gemenoiden (genitive plural)
gemenoitten (genitive plural)
gemenain (genitive plural rare)
gemenaa (partitive singular)
gemenoita (partitive plural)
gemenassa (inessive singular)
gemenoissa (inessive plural)
gemenasta (elative singular)
gemenoista (elative plural)
gemenaan (illative singular)
gemenoihin (illative plural)
gemenalla (adessive singular)
gemenoilla (adessive plural)
gemenalta (ablative singular)
gemenoilta (ablative plural)
gemenalle (allative singular)
gemenoille (allative plural)
gemenana (essive singular)
gemenoina (essive plural)
gemenaksi (singular translative)
gemenoiksi (plural translative)
gemenatta (abessive singular)
gemenoitta (abessive plural)
gemenoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
gemenani (nominative singular)
gemenani (nominative plural)
gemenani (accusative nominative singular)
gemenani (accusative nominative plural)
gemenani (accusative genitive singular)
gemenani (accusative genitive plural)
gemenani (genitive singular)
gemenoideni (genitive plural)
gemenoitteni (genitive plural)
gemenaini (genitive plural rare)
gemenaani (partitive singular)
gemenoitani (partitive plural)
gemenassani (inessive singular)
gemenoissani (inessive plural)
gemenastani (elative singular)
gemenoistani (elative plural)
gemenaani (illative singular)
gemenoihini (illative plural)
gemenallani (adessive singular)
gemenoillani (adessive plural)
gemenaltani (ablative singular)
gemenoiltani (ablative plural)
gemenalleni (allative singular)
gemenoilleni (allative plural)
gemenanani (essive singular)
gemenoinani (essive plural)
gemenakseni (singular translative)
gemenoikseni (plural translative)
gemenattani (abessive singular)
gemenoittani (abessive plural)
gemenoineni (comitative plural)
gemenasi (nominative singular)
gemenasi (nominative plural)
gemenasi (accusative nominative singular)
gemenasi (accusative nominative plural)
gemenasi (accusative genitive singular)
gemenasi (accusative genitive plural)
gemenasi (genitive singular)
gemenoidesi (genitive plural)
gemenoittesi (genitive plural)
gemenaisi (genitive plural rare)
gemenaasi (partitive singular)
gemenoitasi (partitive plural)
gemenassasi (inessive singular)
gemenoissasi (inessive plural)
gemenastasi (elative singular)
gemenoistasi (elative plural)
gemenaasi (illative singular)
gemenoihisi (illative plural)
gemenallasi (adessive singular)
gemenoillasi (adessive plural)
gemenaltasi (ablative singular)
gemenoiltasi (ablative plural)
gemenallesi (allative singular)
gemenoillesi (allative plural)
gemenanasi (essive singular)
gemenoinasi (essive plural)
gemenaksesi (singular translative)
gemenoiksesi (plural translative)
gemenattasi (abessive singular)
gemenoittasi (abessive plural)
gemenoinesi (comitative plural)
gemenamme (nominative singular)
gemenamme (nominative plural)
gemenamme (accusative nominative singular)
gemenamme (accusative nominative plural)
gemenamme (accusative genitive singular)
gemenamme (accusative genitive plural)
gemenamme (genitive singular)
gemenoidemme (genitive plural)
gemenoittemme (genitive plural)
gemenaimme (genitive plural rare)
gemenaamme (partitive singular)
gemenoitamme (partitive plural)
gemenassamme (inessive singular)
gemenoissamme (inessive plural)
gemenastamme (elative singular)
gemenoistamme (elative plural)
gemenaamme (illative singular)
gemenoihimme (illative plural)
gemenallamme (adessive singular)
gemenoillamme (adessive plural)
gemenaltamme (ablative singular)
gemenoiltamme (ablative plural)
gemenallemme (allative singular)
gemenoillemme (allative plural)
gemenanamme (essive singular)
gemenoinamme (essive plural)
gemenaksemme (singular translative)
gemenoiksemme (plural translative)
gemenattamme (abessive singular)
gemenoittamme (abessive plural)
gemenoinemme (comitative plural)
gemenanne (nominative singular)
gemenanne (nominative plural)
gemenanne (accusative nominative singular)
gemenanne (accusative nominative plural)
gemenanne (accusative genitive singular)
gemenanne (accusative genitive plural)
gemenanne (genitive singular)
gemenoidenne (genitive plural)
gemenoittenne (genitive plural)
gemenainne (genitive plural rare)
gemenaanne (partitive singular)
gemenoitanne (partitive plural)
gemenassanne (inessive singular)
gemenoissanne (inessive plural)
gemenastanne (elative singular)
gemenoistanne (elative plural)
gemenaanne (illative singular)
gemenoihinne (illative plural)
gemenallanne (adessive singular)
gemenoillanne (adessive plural)
gemenaltanne (ablative singular)
gemenoiltanne (ablative plural)
gemenallenne (allative singular)
gemenoillenne (allative plural)
gemenananne (essive singular)
gemenoinanne (essive plural)
gemenaksenne (singular translative)
gemenoiksenne (plural translative)
gemenattanne (abessive singular)
gemenoittanne (abessive plural)
gemenoinenne (comitative plural)
gemenansa (nominative singular)
gemenansa (nominative plural)
gemenansa (accusative nominative singular)
gemenansa (accusative nominative plural)
gemenansa (accusative genitive singular)
gemenansa (accusative genitive plural)
gemenansa (genitive singular)
gemenoidensa (genitive plural)
gemenoittensa (genitive plural)
gemenainsa (genitive plural rare)
gemenaansa (partitive singular)
gemenoitaan (partitive plural)
gemenoitansa (partitive plural)
gemenassaan (inessive singular)
gemenassansa (inessive singular)
gemenoissaan (inessive plural)
gemenoissansa (inessive plural)
gemenastaan (elative singular)
gemenastansa (elative singular)
gemenoistaan (elative plural)
gemenoistansa (elative plural)
gemenaansa (illative singular)
gemenoihinsa (illative plural)
gemenallaan (adessive singular)
gemenallansa (adessive singular)
gemenoillaan (adessive plural)
gemenoillansa (adessive plural)
gemenaltaan (ablative singular)
gemenaltansa (ablative singular)
gemenoiltaan (ablative plural)
gemenoiltansa (ablative plural)
gemenalleen (allative singular)
gemenallensa (allative singular)
gemenoilleen (allative plural)
gemenoillensa (allative plural)
gemenanaan (essive singular)
gemenanansa (essive singular)
gemenoinaan (essive plural)
gemenoinansa (essive plural)
gemenakseen (singular translative)
gemenaksensa (singular translative)
gemenoikseen (plural translative)
gemenoiksensa (plural translative)
gemenattaan (abessive singular)
gemenattansa (abessive singular)
gemenoittaan (abessive plural)
gemenoittansa (abessive plural)
gemenoineen (comitative plural)
gemenoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈɡe̞me̞nɑ̝]

(typography, uncountable) lower case (small letters a, b, c.. collectively)


small caps

1856. Compare caps (“capitals”), 1856; small capitals, 1770.

Because small caps are smaller than full size caps—slightly larger than the x-height—they are less obtrusive and do not overwhelm the upper and lower case type as full size capitals would.

2006, Nigel French, chapter 3, in InDesign Type: Professional Typography with Adobe InDesign CS2, Adobe Press, →ISBN, page 37:

(typography) Capital letters shown in the same form but in small size (typically of the same size as lower-case letters).


punto

From English point, French point, German Punkt, Italian punto, Russian пункт (punkt), Spanish punto, all ultimately from Latin punctum.

(geometry, astronomy, typography, grammar, music, games) point; dot; position; period; small hole (as made by a needle or awl)

puntizar

to dot, prick, mark (something) with a point; to punctuate


punto

head

punto (definite accusative puntoyu, plural puntolar)

puntoyu (accusative definite)
puntolar (plural)
punto (nominative singular)
puntolar (nominative plural)
puntoyu (accusative definite singular)
puntoları (accusative definite plural)
puntoya (dative singular)
puntolara (dative plural)
puntoda (locative singular)
puntolarda (locative plural)
puntodan (ablative singular)
puntolardan (ablative plural)
puntonun (genitive singular)
puntoların (genitive plural)
puntom (first-person nominative singular)
puntolarım (first-person nominative singular)
punton (nominative second-person singular)
puntoların (nominative second-person singular)
puntosu (nominative singular third-person)
puntoları (nominative singular third-person)
puntomuz (first-person nominative plural)
puntolarımız (first-person nominative plural)
puntonuz (nominative plural second-person)
puntolarınız (nominative plural second-person)
puntoları (nominative plural third-person)
puntomu (accusative definite first-person singular)
puntolarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
puntonu (accusative definite second-person singular)
puntolarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
puntosunu (accusative definite singular third-person)
puntolarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
puntomuzu (accusative definite first-person plural)
puntolarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
puntonuzu (accusative definite plural second-person)
puntolarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
puntolarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
puntoma (dative first-person singular)
puntolarıma (dative first-person singular)
puntona (dative second-person singular)
puntolarına (dative second-person singular)
puntosuna (dative singular third-person)
puntolarına (dative singular third-person)
puntomuza (dative first-person plural)
puntolarımıza (dative first-person plural)
puntonuza (dative plural second-person)
puntolarınıza (dative plural second-person)
puntolarına (dative plural third-person)
puntomda (first-person locative singular)
puntolarımda (first-person locative singular)
puntonda (locative second-person singular)
puntolarında (locative second-person singular)
puntosunda (locative singular third-person)
puntolarında (locative singular third-person)
puntomuzda (first-person locative plural)
puntolarımızda (first-person locative plural)
puntonuzda (locative plural second-person)
puntolarınızda (locative plural second-person)
puntolarında (locative plural third-person)
puntomdan (ablative first-person singular)
puntolarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
puntondan (ablative second-person singular)
puntolarından (ablative second-person singular)
puntosundan (ablative singular third-person)
puntolarından (ablative singular third-person)
puntomuzdan (ablative first-person plural)
puntolarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
puntonuzdan (ablative plural second-person)
puntolarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
puntolarından (ablative plural third-person)
puntomun (first-person genitive singular)
puntolarımın (first-person genitive singular)
puntonun (genitive second-person singular)
puntolarının (genitive second-person singular)
puntosunun (genitive singular third-person)
puntolarının (genitive singular third-person)
puntomuzun (first-person genitive plural)
puntolarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
puntonuzun (genitive plural second-person)
puntolarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
puntolarının (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پونطو (punto), from Italian punto. Doublet of puan.

inh+

Yazın üç sütun üstüne kapkara haykıran puntolarla : / Nâzım Hikmet vatan hainliğine devam ediyor hâlâ.

1962, Nâzım Hikmet, Vatan Haini [Traitor to the Homeland]:

Write on three columns of jet-black font that cry: / Nâzım Hikmet continues to be a traitor to the homeland.


coma

Learned borrowing from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”).


coma

From Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

(typography) alternative form of comma (“punctuation mark”)


laiha

fi-adj

laiha (comparative laihempi, superlative laihin)

laihempi (comparative)
laihin (superlative)
laiha (nominative singular)
laihat (nominative plural)
laiha (accusative nominative singular)
laihat (accusative nominative plural)
laihan (accusative genitive singular)
laihat (accusative genitive plural)
laihan (genitive singular)
laihojen (genitive plural)
laihain (genitive plural rare)
laihaa (partitive singular)
laihoja (partitive plural)
laihassa (inessive singular)
laihoissa (inessive plural)
laihasta (elative singular)
laihoista (elative plural)
laihaan (illative singular)
laihoihin (illative plural)
laihalla (adessive singular)
laihoilla (adessive plural)
laihalta (ablative singular)
laihoilta (ablative plural)
laihalle (allative singular)
laihoille (allative plural)
laihana (essive singular)
laihoina (essive plural)
laihaksi (singular translative)
laihoiksi (plural translative)
laihatta (abessive singular)
laihoitta (abessive plural)
laihoin (instructive plural)
laihoine (comitative plural)
laihani (nominative singular)
laihani (nominative plural)
laihani (accusative nominative singular)
laihani (accusative nominative plural)
laihani (accusative genitive singular)
laihani (accusative genitive plural)
laihani (genitive singular)
laihojeni (genitive plural)
laihaini (genitive plural rare)
laihaani (partitive singular)
laihojani (partitive plural)
laihassani (inessive singular)
laihoissani (inessive plural)
laihastani (elative singular)
laihoistani (elative plural)
laihaani (illative singular)
laihoihini (illative plural)
laihallani (adessive singular)
laihoillani (adessive plural)
laihaltani (ablative singular)
laihoiltani (ablative plural)
laihalleni (allative singular)
laihoilleni (allative plural)
laihanani (essive singular)
laihoinani (essive plural)
laihakseni (singular translative)
laihoikseni (plural translative)
laihattani (abessive singular)
laihoittani (abessive plural)
laihoineni (comitative plural)
laihasi (nominative singular)
laihasi (nominative plural)
laihasi (accusative nominative singular)
laihasi (accusative nominative plural)
laihasi (accusative genitive singular)
laihasi (accusative genitive plural)
laihasi (genitive singular)
laihojesi (genitive plural)
laihaisi (genitive plural rare)
laihaasi (partitive singular)
laihojasi (partitive plural)
laihassasi (inessive singular)
laihoissasi (inessive plural)
laihastasi (elative singular)
laihoistasi (elative plural)
laihaasi (illative singular)
laihoihisi (illative plural)
laihallasi (adessive singular)
laihoillasi (adessive plural)
laihaltasi (ablative singular)
laihoiltasi (ablative plural)
laihallesi (allative singular)
laihoillesi (allative plural)
laihanasi (essive singular)
laihoinasi (essive plural)
laihaksesi (singular translative)
laihoiksesi (plural translative)
laihattasi (abessive singular)
laihoittasi (abessive plural)
laihoinesi (comitative plural)
laihamme (nominative singular)
laihamme (nominative plural)
laihamme (accusative nominative singular)
laihamme (accusative nominative plural)
laihamme (accusative genitive singular)
laihamme (accusative genitive plural)
laihamme (genitive singular)
laihojemme (genitive plural)
laihaimme (genitive plural rare)
laihaamme (partitive singular)
laihojamme (partitive plural)
laihassamme (inessive singular)
laihoissamme (inessive plural)
laihastamme (elative singular)
laihoistamme (elative plural)
laihaamme (illative singular)
laihoihimme (illative plural)
laihallamme (adessive singular)
laihoillamme (adessive plural)
laihaltamme (ablative singular)
laihoiltamme (ablative plural)
laihallemme (allative singular)
laihoillemme (allative plural)
laihanamme (essive singular)
laihoinamme (essive plural)
laihaksemme (singular translative)
laihoiksemme (plural translative)
laihattamme (abessive singular)
laihoittamme (abessive plural)
laihoinemme (comitative plural)
laihanne (nominative singular)
laihanne (nominative plural)
laihanne (accusative nominative singular)
laihanne (accusative nominative plural)
laihanne (accusative genitive singular)
laihanne (accusative genitive plural)
laihanne (genitive singular)
laihojenne (genitive plural)
laihainne (genitive plural rare)
laihaanne (partitive singular)
laihojanne (partitive plural)
laihassanne (inessive singular)
laihoissanne (inessive plural)
laihastanne (elative singular)
laihoistanne (elative plural)
laihaanne (illative singular)
laihoihinne (illative plural)
laihallanne (adessive singular)
laihoillanne (adessive plural)
laihaltanne (ablative singular)
laihoiltanne (ablative plural)
laihallenne (allative singular)
laihoillenne (allative plural)
laihananne (essive singular)
laihoinanne (essive plural)
laihaksenne (singular translative)
laihoiksenne (plural translative)
laihattanne (abessive singular)
laihoittanne (abessive plural)
laihoinenne (comitative plural)
laihansa (nominative singular)
laihansa (nominative plural)
laihansa (accusative nominative singular)
laihansa (accusative nominative plural)
laihansa (accusative genitive singular)
laihansa (accusative genitive plural)
laihansa (genitive singular)
laihojensa (genitive plural)
laihainsa (genitive plural rare)
laihaansa (partitive singular)
laihojaan (partitive plural)
laihojansa (partitive plural)
laihassaan (inessive singular)
laihassansa (inessive singular)
laihoissaan (inessive plural)
laihoissansa (inessive plural)
laihastaan (elative singular)
laihastansa (elative singular)
laihoistaan (elative plural)
laihoistansa (elative plural)
laihaansa (illative singular)
laihoihinsa (illative plural)
laihallaan (adessive singular)
laihallansa (adessive singular)
laihoillaan (adessive plural)
laihoillansa (adessive plural)
laihaltaan (ablative singular)
laihaltansa (ablative singular)
laihoiltaan (ablative plural)
laihoiltansa (ablative plural)
laihalleen (allative singular)
laihallensa (allative singular)
laihoilleen (allative plural)
laihoillensa (allative plural)
laihanaan (essive singular)
laihanansa (essive singular)
laihoinaan (essive plural)
laihoinansa (essive plural)
laihakseen (singular translative)
laihaksensa (singular translative)
laihoikseen (plural translative)
laihoiksensa (plural translative)
laihattaan (abessive singular)
laihattansa (abessive singular)
laihoittaan (abessive plural)
laihoittansa (abessive plural)
laihoineen (comitative plural)
laihoinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *laiha, from earlier *laiša, borrowed from Baltic, compare Lithuanian liesas. Cognate with Estonian lahja, Karelian laiha, Erzya лавшо (lavšo, “weak”).

(typography) light (with little boldness)


fount

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-fount.wav

A variant of font, influenced by fount (etymology 1) being a synonym of font (“natural source of water, spring”).

Of each Body he provides a Fount ſuitable to ſuch ſorts of VVork as he deſigns to do; But he provides not an equal vvieght^([sic – meaning weight]) of every Fount; Becauſe all theſe Bodies are not in equal uſe: For the Long-Primmer, Pica and Engliſh are the Bodies that are generally moſt uſed; And therefore he provides very large Founts of theſe, viz. of the Long-Primmer in a ſmall Printing-Houſe; Five hundred Pounds vveight Romain and Italica, vvhereof One hundred and fifty Pounds may be Italica.

1683, Joseph Moxon, “Numb[er] II. Applied to the Art of Printing.”, in Mechanick Exercises: Or, The Doctrine of Handy-Works. Applied to the Art of Printing. […], volume II, London: […] Joseph Moxon […], →OCLC, § 2 (Of Letter), page 17:

Founts are large or ſmall, according to the demand of the printer. vvho orders them by the hundred vveight, or by ſheets. VVhen a printer orders a fount of five hundred, he means that the fount, conſiſting of letters, points, ſpaces, quadrates, &c. ſhall vveigh 500 ℔. […] [A] fount does not contain an equal number of a and b, or of b and c, &c. the letter-founders have therefore a lift or tariff, or as the French call it, a police, by vvhich they regulate the proportions betvveen the different ſorts of characters that compoſe a fount; […]

1765, Temple Henry Croker, Thomas Williams, Samuel Clark [et al.], “FOUNT, or Font”, in The Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. […], volume II, London: […] J. Wilson & J. Fell, […], →OCLC, signature [Kk3], verso, column 1:

For the small characters it was in fact imperative to use such a fount as was available; not to mention that no strictly accurate fount of Chinese type has as yet been cast.

1892, Herbert Giles, “Preface”, in A Chinese–English Dictionary, London: Bernard Quaritch […]; Shanghai; Hongkong: Kelly and Walsh, →OCLC, page v:

Mr. Tallboy corrected the misprints, damned their eyes for using the wrong name-block, made it clear to them that they had set the headlines in the wrong fount, cut the proof to pieces, pasted it up again in the correct size, and returned it.

1933, Dorothy L[eigh] Sayers, “Murder Must Advertise. Chapter 4. Remarkable Acrobatics of a Harlequin.”, in The Five Red Herrings (Suspicious Characters) and Murder Must Advertise, Garden City, N.Y.: Nelson Doubleday, published [1977?], →OCLC, page 344:

The company is to be congratulated on the neatness and businesslike look of the tickets, and also on the very clear and artistic founts of type which are used.

1940 May, G. W. J. Potter, “Tickets of the Great Southern Railways”, in The Railway Magazine, London: Tothill Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 292:

(UK, printing, typography, chiefly dated, historical) Synonym of font (“a set of glyphs of unified design, usually representing the letters of an alphabet and its supplementary characters belonging to one typeface, style, and weight; a typeface; a family of typefaces”).


octothorpe

octothorpes (plural)
octothorp (alternative)

/ˈɒktəʊθɔːp/

/ˈɑːktoʊθɔːɹp/

Origin disputed. There is no known usage before it was adopted by Bell Labs in the late 1960s or early 1970s, so most sources agree it was coined by someone at Bell Labs, but accounts from Bell Labs personnel conflict on the details. The derivation as a traditional term from octo- (“eight”) + thorpe (“field, hamlet or small village”) lacks any evidence, but there is near universal agreement that the first element refers to the number eight. Eight is derived from the number of ends of the lines. Thorpe could be a reference to Jim Thorpe, as one proponent was a fan of the athlete.

unk

disputed

prefix

The pad 1 provides keys for numerals 0 to 9, while the sextile or asterisk (*) key is decoded to provide a decimal point and the octothorp ( # ) key generates a command to send the contents of the memory unto the telephone line through a send circuit 7, a coupling circuit 8 and the hybrid network 2.

1973, US patent application ser. no. 05/422,816 (filed 3 December 1973), issued as patent no. 3,920,926 (18 November 1975), Telephone Data Set Including Visual Display Means, col. 3

Octothorp is the # on a push-button telephone. Rumor at the telephone company is that a man named Charles B. Octothorp, wanting to make his name famous, would approach anyone with a Touch-Tone ’phone, stop, and say admiringly, “That’s a mighty handsome octothorp you have there.”

1982, Willard R. Espy, A Children's Almanac of Words at Play, New York: Clarkson N. Potter, →ISBN, retrieved 2022-01-18, page 230:

Strings are enclosed in double quotation marks, numbers are not enclosed in anything, and dates and Boolean values are enclosed between octothorpe (#) characters.

2004, Andrew Douglas Pitonyak, Openoffice.org Macros Explained, Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin: Hentzenwerke Publishing, →ISBN, page 139:

(chiefly US, typography) The hash or square symbol #, used mainly in telephony and computing.


stub

From Middle English stubbe (“tree stump”), from Old English stybb, stubb (“tree stump”), from Proto-West Germanic *stubb, from Proto-Germanic *stubbaz (compare Middle Dutch stubbe, Old Norse stubbr, Faroese stubbi (“stub”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew-; compare steep (“sharp slope”). Doublet of stob.
Sense extended in Middle English to similarly shaped objects. Verb sense “strike one’s toe” is recorded 1848; “extinguish a cigarette” 1927.

(typography, in tabular matter) A row heading in a table (with horizontal reference, whereas a column heading has vertical reference).


duplex

(typography) duplex matrix (matrix bearing two signs next to each other)


anima

From Latin anima, from animus, from Proto-Italic *anamos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Doublet of alma.


antique

en-adj

antique (comparative antiquer, superlative antiquest)

antiquer (comparative)
antiquest (superlative)
antic (alternative obsolete)
anticke (alternative obsolete)
antiq. (alternative abbreviation)

Borrowed from French antique (“ancient, old”), from Latin antiquus (“former, earlier, ancient, old”), from ante (“before”); see ante-. Doublet of antic.

der

(typography) Designating a style of type.


antique

antiques (plural)
antic (alternative obsolete)
anticke (alternative obsolete)
antiq. (alternative abbreviation)

(typography) A style of type of thick and bold face in which all lines are of equal or nearly equal thickness.


bicameral

From bi- + Latin camera (“chamber”) + -al.

Aspect values on bicameral fonts are based on the size of the lowercase characters.

2001, Yves Savourel, XML Internationalization and Localization, page 80:

Bicameral (upper- and lowercase) unserifed roman fonts were apparently first cut in Leipzig in the 1820s.

2004, Robert Bringhurst, The Elements of Typographic Style, version 3.0, page 255:

2004, Parmenides, Peter Koch, et al., Carving the Elements: A Companion to the Fragments of Parmenides, page 91,
For more than a thousand years, classical Greek has been habitually written in a bicameral, polytonic alphabet (one with caps and lower case and a set of diacritics marking tone and aspiration).

(typography) Of a script or typeface: having two cases, upper case and lower case.

bikameraalinen

(typography, of a typeface or script) Having two cases: uppercase and lowercase


bowl

Bislama: bol

→ Esperanto: bovlo

desctree

→ French: bol
→ Catalan: bol
→ Greek: μπολ (bol)

→ German: Bowle, → Bowl

→ Hungarian: bólé

→ Ido: bolo

→ Irish: bolla

→ Japanese: ボール (bōru)

→ Latvian: bole (probably via German)

→ Korean: 볼 (bol)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bòl

→ Swedish: bål

From Middle English bolle, from Old English bolla, bolle (“bowl, cup, pot, beaker, measure”), from Proto-West Germanic *bollā, from Proto-Germanic *bullǭ (“ball, round vessel, bowl”).
Cognate with North Frisian bol (“bun, bread roll”), Middle Low German bolle, bole (“round object”), Dutch bol (“ball, sphere, scoop, dot”), German Bolle (“bulb”), Danish bolle (“bowl, bread roll”), Icelandic bolli (“cup”). Doublet of boule and pulla.

inh

(typography) A rounded portion of a glyph that encloses empty space, as in the letters d and o.


breve

(typography) breve (the diacritical mark ˘)


z-variant

z (axis) + variant; from the three dimensions visualized for the character space. The x-axis separates characters by semantics (function and meaning, e.g. A from B), the y-axis separates them by their general form (abstract shape, e.g. A from a), and the z-axis by their actual shape (minor details such as typeface, e.g. a from a).

(typography, Unicode) A shape variant of a Han character, encoded for historical reasons.


fine

(typography) thin space, non-breakable space


justification

en-noun

justification (countable and uncountable, plural justifications)

/ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

From Middle English justificacioun, justification, from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.

der

(typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification).


chiocciola

From a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *clociola, diminutive of *clocea, from metathesis of Latin cochlea (“snail”), borrowed from Ancient Greek κοχλίας (kokhlías), cognate with κόχλος (kókhlos, “shellfish”).

(typography, computing) the “@” symbol, commercial at, at sign


page

→ Hindi: पेज (pej)

→ Japanese: ページ (pēji)

→ Korean: 페이지 (peiji)

Borrowed from Middle French [Term?], from Latin pāgina, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. Doublet of pagina.

(typography) The type set up for printing a page.


peu

Inherited from Old Catalan peu, from Latin pedem.
Cognate with Occitan pè; French pied; Asturian and Spanish pie; and Galician and Portuguese pé.

peu de pàgina

(design, typography) footer, the bottom of a page or design


vara

lad-noun

vara f (Hebrew spelling ב׳ארה, plural varas)

Inherited from Old Spanish vara, from Latin vāra (“fork”). Cognate with Catalan, Galician, and Portuguese vara.

(diminutive form, typography) The rafe lines in the shape of crossbars that can be used in Ladino orthography as diacritics on Hebrew script to alter the sound of letters to create new letters; a breve diacritic (˘) is placed on top of letters to form fricative consonant sounds, such as changing פ (/p/) into פﬞ (/f/); usually referred to by the diminutive varika (“little crossbar”).


Old English

Wiktionary’s coverage of Old English terms

(typography, historical) The form of black letter used by 16th-century English printers.


whack

Uncertain. Originally Scottish; probably onomatopoeic, but compare Middle English thakken, from Old English þaccian (whence Modern thwack by conflation with whack). Sense 6 of the verb is likely a semantic loan from Malay hentam (“to strike; to do something carelessly”).

sl

del c:\docs\readme.txt
Delete c colon whack docs whack readme dot text.

(slang, computing, typography) The backslash, ⟨ \ ⟩.


oblique

From Middle French oblique, from Latin oblīquus (also spelled oblīcus) (“slanting, sideways, indirect, envious”).

uder

Initial inquiries among professional typists uncover names like slant, slant line, slash, and slash mark. Examination of typing instruction manuals discloses additional names such as diagonal and diagonal mark, and other sources provide the designation oblique.

1965, Dmitri A. Borgmann, Language on Vacation, page 240:

Other Chaucerian manuscripts had the virgule (or virgil or oblique: /) at the middle of lines.

1990, John McDermott, Punctuation for Now, page 20:


aksara

ms-noun

aksara (Jawi spelling اکسارا, plural aksara-aksara)

Indonesian: aksara

Borrowed from Sanskrit अक्षर (akṣara, “alphabet”).


orphan

orphans (plural)
orphane (alternative obsolete)

Late Middle English, from Late Latin orphanus, from Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “without parents, fatherless”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos.
 PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos
Cognate with Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha), Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Old High German erbi, arbi (German Erbe (“heir”)), Old English ierfa (“heir”). More at erf.

weeskind

person whose (parent or) parents have died

anak yatim (who has lost father, literally means orphan child)

(typography) A single line of type, beginning a paragraph, at the bottom of a column or page.

fransk horeunge

single line of type at the bottom of page


greeking

If text gets smaller than this value, [Adobe] Illustrator shows the text blocks as gray bars, an operation called greeking. Both type size and view size figure into the equation, so that 6-point type greeks at 100-percent view size and 12-point type greeks at 50 percent. Greeking speeds the screen display because gray bars are easier to draw than individual characters.

2002, Deke McClelland, “The Interface”, in Real World Adobe Illustrator 10, Berkeley, Calif.: Peachpit Press, →ISBN, pages 46–47:

Designers have long worked with a concept known as greeking. Greeking is a method of drawing gray bars to represent blocks of text rather than taking the time to image them all on the screen. […] Unless you really want to see every character of every word at every size, there's hardly any reason to turn greeking off.

2007, David Blatner, Gene Gable, Real World QuarkXPress 7, Berkeley, Calif.: Peachpit Press, →ISBN:

The use of greeking (also called dummy text) allows page designers to place text on a page without the actual content acting as a distraction. The history of greeking is unclear, but it was first used in the middle of the 20th century. The text was based on the words of Cicero, a Roman leader whose writings are admired. The language he spoke and wrote was Latin rather than Greek, so the naming of this dummy text is misleading.

2007, Susan E. L. Lake, Karen Bean, “Using Other Design Tools”, in The Business of Technology: Digital Desktop Publishing, Mason, Oh.: Thompson/South-Western, →ISBN, page 109:

(computing, typography) Nonsense text or graphics inserted into a document as a placeholder to create a dummy layout, or to demonstrate a type font; the practice of using such placeholder text or graphics.


storey

en-noun

storey (plural storeys or (obsolete) stories)

storeys (plural)
stories (obsolete plural)
story (alternative Philippines US)

From Middle English story, via Medieval Latin historia (“narrative, illustraton, frieze”) from Ancient Greek ἱστορίᾱ (historíā, “learning through research”). The current sense arose from narrative friezes on upper levels of medieval buildings, esp. churches. Doublet of story and history.
An alternative etymology derives Middle English story from Old French *estoree (“a thing built, building”), from estoree (“built”), feminine past participle of estorer (“to build”), from Latin instaurare (“to construct, build, erect”), but this seems unlikely since historia already had the meaning "storey of a building" in Anglo-Latin.

der

Storey in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

The IPA symbol for a voiced velar stop is the single-storey , not the double-storey .

(typography) A vertical level in certain letters, such as a and g.


inferior

en-adj

inferior (comparative more inferior, superlative most inferior)

more inferior (comparative)
most inferior (superlative)
inferiour (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin īnferior (“lower in situation or place”), comparative of īnferus (“below, underneath”).

bor

an inferior figure or letter

Located below:
(typography) Printed in subscript.


superior

/sʉːˈpɪə.ɹiː.ə/

From Middle English, borrowed from Old French superiour, from Latin superior (“higher, upper”).

a superior figure or letter


字母

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ muɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡si²⁴²⁻⁵³ mo³³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/zi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/


barre

→ English: barre

→ Romanian: bară

→ Vietnamese: ba-rê

From Middle French barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old Frankish *bara (“bar, beam, barrier, fence”), from Proto-Germanic *barō (“beam, bar, barrier”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce”).
If so, then cognate with Old High German para, bara (“bar, beam, one's cherished land”), Middle Dutch bāre, baer (“bar, barrier, rail”), Old Frisian ber (“attack, assault”), Swedish bärling (“a spoke”), Norwegian berling (“a small bar in a vehicle, rod”), Latin forus (“gangway, plank”), Russian забо́р (zabór, “fencing, paling, fence”), Ancient Greek φάρος (pháros, “piece of land, furrow, marker, beacon, lighthouse”).
An alternative etymology derives Old French barre and Vulgar Latin *barra from a Celtic source related to Breton barri (“branch, twig”).
Doublet of bar.

cog

(typography) clipping of barre oblique: the slash mark ⟨/⟩

barre de fraction
barre de fraction#French

(typography) clipping of barre de fraction: the fraction slash ⟨⁄⟩

(typography) clipping of barre inscrite: the bar diacritics ⟨̵⟩, ⟨̶⟩, ⟨̷⟩, and ⟨̸⟩

barre inscrite

(typography) clipping of barre verticale: the vertical bar ⟨|⟩

barre oblique inversée
barre oblique inversée#French

(typography, improper) clipping of barre oblique inversée: the backslash ⟨\⟩


kern

From French carne (“corner; projecting angle; quill of a pen”), from Latin cardinem (“hinge”) or from Etymology 1. The verb is a back-formation from kerned, which is from the noun. Doublet of cardo.

uder

A few types have a portion of the face letter projecting over the body, as in the letter f ; this projection is called the kern, and in combination with other letters the projecting part generally extends over the next letter, as in fe. In those combinations, wherein the kern would come in contact with another letter, compound types are cast, as in the case of ff, fi, fl, ffi, ffl.

1856, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Odd Fellows' Literary Casket, volumes 6-7, page 360:

(hot metal printing, typography) Any part of a letter which extends into the space used by another letter.


kern

en-verb

kern (third-person singular simple present kerns, present participle kerning, simple past and past participle kerned)

kerns (present singular third-person)
kerning (participle present)
kerned (participle past)
kerned (past)
kerne (alternative)

If you need to kern anything beyond the most commonly used pairs, you can use applications software such as Adobe PageMaker to customize pairs.

2001, Constance J. Sidles, Graphic Designer's Digital Printing and PrePress Handbook, page 51:

Especially consider kerning if you are printing on a relatively high-resolution printer, such as a 600-dpi (dots per inch) laser printer.

2001, Bill Camarda, Special Edition Using Microsoft Word 2002, page 122:

Remember, the goal of kerning is to make letter pairs look natural, not necessarily to minimize letterspaces.

2006, Tova Rabinowitz, Exploring Typography, page 320:

You should kern letter pairs when spacing between characters is too wide or too narrow.

2008, Terry Rydberg, Exploring Adobe InDesign CS4, page 98:

(typography, chiefly proportional font printing) To adjust the horizontal space between selected pairs of letters (characters or glyphs); to perform such adjustments to a portion of text, according to preset rules.

välistää

to adjust the horizontal space between selected pairs of letters


ligand

Borrowed from Latin ligandus, gerundive of ligo (“bind”).

ربيطة

something that binds to another chemical entity

(typography) A letter that orthography requires or allows to be ligated with one or more other letters to form a ligature, such as a in æ or o in œ.


pica

en-noun

pica (countable and uncountable, plural picas)

From Medieval Latin pica (“pica: a service book”), possibly from Latin pīca (“magpie”) after the piebald appearance of the typeset page (cf. pie (“disordered type”)). The relation to the printer's measure is unclear, as no edition of the text in pica type is known. The French pica derives from English rather than vice versa.

der

I had been at Baldwin's before dinner in consequence of a letter from him which showed me that, by using a pica instead of an English letter in printing my book, I might comprise it within such a number of sheets as a guinea-volume should contain […].

1790, James Boswell, edited by Danziger & Brady, Boswell: The Great Biographer, Yale, published 1989, page 30:

(typography, printing, uncountable) A size of type between small pica and English, now standardized as 12-point.

(typography, uncountable, usually with qualifier) A font of this size.

(typography, countable) A unit of length equivalent to 12 points, officially ³⁵⁄₈₃ cm (0.166 in) after 1886 but now (computing) ¹⁄₆ in.


pica

Borrowed from English pica, ultimately from Latin pīca.


vee

(computing, typography) A unit of vertical spacing, typically corresponding to the height of an ordinary line of text.


brace

From Middle English brace, from Old French brace (“arm”), from Latin bracchia, the nominative and accusative plural of bracchium (“arm”).

(typography) A curved, pointed line, also known as "curly bracket": { or } connecting two or more words or lines, which are to be considered together, such as in {role, roll}; in music, used to connect staves.


elite

From Middle English elit, from Old French elit, eslit (“chosen, elected”) past participle of elire, eslire (“to choose, elect”), from Latin eligere (“to choose, elect”), with past participle electus; see elect.

(typography) A typeface with 12 characters per inch.


indent

en-verb

indent (third-person singular simple present indents, present participle indenting, simple past and past participle indented)

indents (present singular third-person)
indenting (participle present)
indented (participle past)
indented (past)

Partly from Middle English indenten (“to dent in”), equivalent to in- + dent (see dent); partly from Middle English indenten, endenten, from Old French endenter (“to provide with teeth”), from en- (“in-, en-”) + dent (“tooth”), from Latin dēns.

uder

to indent the first line of a paragraph one em

to indent the second paragraph two ems more than the first

(typography) To begin (a line or lines) at a greater or lesser distance from the margin. See indentation, and indention. Normal indent pushes in a line or paragraph. "Hanging indent" pulls the line out into the margin.

правя абзац

typography: to begin a line or lines at a greater or less distance from the margin


indentation

en-noun

indentation (countable and uncountable, plural indentations)

The resulting document does not contain the indentation and line breaks found in the original document.

2007, Robert Richards, Pro PHP XML and Web Services, Apress, →ISBN, page 502:

(typography) The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.

абзац

act of beginning a line at a distance from the flush line


paragon

From Anglo-Norman paragone, peragone, Middle French paragon, from Italian paragone (“comparison”) or Spanish parangón, from Byzantine Greek παρακόνη (parakónē, “whetstone”), from Ancient Greek παρακονάω (parakonáō, “I sharpen, whet”), from παρά (pará) + ἀκόνη (akónē, “whetstone”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”)).

affix

(typography, printing, dated) The size of type between great primer and double pica, standardized as 20-point.


pearl

en-noun

pearl (countable and uncountable, plural pearls)

Horace
Jean Jannon
New Testament
Vergil
en:pearl
en:pearl (disambiguation)
en:pearl (typography)

From Middle English perle, from Old French perle of uncertain etymology. Probably via unattested Medieval Latin *pernula, from Latin perna (“haunch; a marine bivalve shaped like a leg of lamb”) but also derived from Medieval Latin perla, from Latin perula (“little bag”). Its typographic use follows the name given by Jean Jannon to the type used in his miniature editions of Vergil, Horace, & the New Testament in the 1620s, which were the smallest printed works to his time. Its surfing use derives from the supposed resemblance to pearl diving.

der

(uncountable, typography, printing, dated) The size of type between diamond and agate, standardized as 5-point.


decimal point

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-decimal point.wav

(typography) A period/full stop ⟨.⟩ or middot ⟨·⟩ used to set off the decimal or fractional part of a number.

(typography, inexact) Any decimal mark, inclusive of commas, separatrices, etc.

десетична запетая

the decimal mark symbol, characteristic to the native tongue


grappa

Borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *krappō (“hook”).


police

→ German: Police

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: پولیس (polis)
Turkish: polis

police de caractères

police d'écriture


cuadrado

→ Tagalog: kuwadrado


spazio

Borrowed from Latin spatium, whence also Old Italian spazzo (“floor”), an inherited doublet.

(mathematics, geometry, astronomy, typography, other senses) space


grotesque

en-adj

grotesque (comparative grotesquer or more grotesque, superlative grotesquest or most grotesque)

grotesquer (comparative)
more grotesque (comparative)
grotesquest (superlative)
most grotesque (superlative)

From Middle French grotesque (French grotesque), from Italian grottesco (“of a cave”), from grotta. Compare English grotto.


grotesque

en-noun

grotesque (countable and uncountable, plural grotesques)


rientrare

it-verb

rientràre (first-person singular present riéntro, first-person singular past historic rientrài, past participle rientràto, auxiliary èssere)

rientràre (canonical)
riéntro (first-person present singular)
rientrài (first-person historic past singular)
rientràto (participle past)
èssere (auxiliary)
rientràre (infinitive)
èssere (auxiliary)
rientràndo (gerund)
rientrànte (participle present)
rientràto (participle past)
riéntro (first-person indicative present singular)
riéntri (indicative present second-person singular)
riéntra (indicative present singular third-person)
rientriàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
rientràte (indicative plural present second-person)
riéntrano (indicative plural present third-person)
rientràvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rientràvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rientràva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rientravàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rientravàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rientràvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rientrài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
rientràsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
rientrò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
rientràmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
rientràste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
rientràrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
rientrerò (first-person future indicative singular)
rientrerài (future indicative second-person singular)
rientrerà (future indicative singular third-person)
rientrerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
rientreréte (future indicative plural second-person)
rientrerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
rientrerèi (conditional first-person singular)
rientrerésti (conditional second-person singular)
rientrerèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
rientrerébbe (conditional singular third-person)
rientrerémmo (conditional first-person plural)
rientreréste (conditional plural second-person)
rientrerèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
rientrerébbero (conditional plural third-person)
riéntri (first-person present singular subjunctive)
riéntri (present second-person singular subjunctive)
riéntri (present singular subjunctive third-person)
rientriàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rientriàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
riéntrino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
rientràssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rientràssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rientràsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rientràssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rientràste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rientràssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
riéntra (imperative second-person singular)
riéntri (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
rientriàmo (first-person imperative plural)
rientràte (imperative plural second-person)
riéntrino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
rientràre (imperative negative second-person singular)
riéntri (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
rientriàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
rientràte (imperative negative plural second-person)
riéntrino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)


ellipse

head

ellipse c (singular definite ellipsen, plural indefinite ellipser)

ellipsen (definite singular)
ellipser (indefinite plural)
ellipse (indefinite nominative singular)
ellipsen (definite nominative singular)
ellipser (indefinite nominative plural)
ellipserne (definite nominative plural)
ellipses (genitive indefinite singular)
ellipsens (definite genitive singular)
ellipsers (genitive indefinite plural)
ellipsernes (definite genitive plural)

(grammar, rhetoric, typography) ellipsis


ellipse

ellipse m (definite singular ellipsen, indefinite plural ellipser, definite plural ellipsene)

ellipsen (definite singular)
ellipser (indefinite plural)
ellipsene (definite plural)

From Latin ellipsis, from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis).

no:ellipse (retorikk)
no:ellipse (skrift)

(grammar, rhetoric, typography) an ellipsis


ellipse

ellipse m (definite singular ellipsen, indefinite plural ellipsar, definite plural ellipsane)

ellipsen (definite singular)
ellipsar (indefinite plural)
ellipsane (definite plural)


subset

en-verb

subset (third-person singular simple present subsets, present participle subsetting, simple past and past participle subsetted)

subsets (present singular third-person)
subsetting (participle present)
subsetted (participle past)
subsetted (past)

(transitive, computing, typography) To extract only the portions of (a font) that are needed to display a particular document.


barra

From Vulgar Latin *barra, possibly from Gaulish *barros (“the bushy end”), cognate with French barre and English bar. Doublet of bar.


barra

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *barra, possibly from Gaulish *barros (“the bushy end”), cognate with French barre and English bar. Doublet of bar.

(typography) bar (various lines used as punctuation or diacritics, such as the pipe ⟨|⟩, fraction bar (as in ¹⁄₂))


unicameral

In the ancient world, Greek was written in a script that was unicameral and atonic. It consisted of a single set of forms – the ones we now regard as upper case. There was little or no punctuation, and there were no diacritics.

2004, Letter Arts Review, volume 19, Norman, Okla.: Calligraphy Review, →OCLC, page 37:

There have been several misunderstandings with regard to Georgian. The Unicode table speaks of "capital" Georgian letters (for example, georgian capital letter an) and of caseless letters (for example, georgian letter an). In fact, the modern Georgian script is unicameral. Two issues gave rise to this confusion. First, the fact that there are two types of Georgian fonts: those for running text and those for titles. […] Second, in the ancient Georgian script, khutsuri, there were indeed two cases.

2007 September, Yannis Haralambous, translated by P. Scott Horne, Fonts & Encodings, Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly Media, Inc., →ISBN, page 75:

(typography) Of a script or typeface: making no distinction between upper and lower case, but rather having only one case.


stigma

stigmas (plural)
stigmat (alternative)
stigmate (alternative)
stigme (alternative)

Partly from Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “mark, sign”), and partly from the acrophonic value of its initial st- as well as the analogy with the name of sigma.

der

(typography) A ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau, (Ϛ/ϛ).

stigmo

a ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau


antikva

head

antikva (countable and uncountable, plural antikvák)

antikvák (plural)
antikva (nominative singular)
antikvák (nominative plural)
antikvát (accusative singular)
antikvákat (accusative plural)
antikvának (dative singular)
antikváknak (dative plural)
antikvával (instrumental singular)
antikvákkal (instrumental plural)
antikváért (causal-final singular)
antikvákért (causal-final plural)
antikvává (singular translative)
antikvákká (plural translative)
antikváig (singular terminative)
antikvákig (plural terminative)
antikvaként (essive-formal singular)
antikvákként (essive-formal plural)
antikvában (inessive singular)
antikvákban (inessive plural)
antikván (singular superessive)
antikvákon (plural superessive)
antikvánál (adessive singular)
antikváknál (adessive plural)
antikvába (illative singular)
antikvákba (illative plural)
antikvára (singular sublative)
antikvákra (plural sublative)
antikvához (allative singular)
antikvákhoz (allative plural)
antikvából (elative singular)
antikvákból (elative plural)
antikváról (delative singular)
antikvákról (delative plural)
antikvától (ablative singular)
antikváktól (ablative plural)
antikváé (singular)
antikváké (plural)
antikváéi (singular)
antikvákéi (plural)
antikvám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
antikváim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
antikvád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
antikváid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
antikvája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
antikvái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
antikvánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
antikváink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
antikvátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
antikváitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
antikvájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antikváik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
antiqua (alternative)

From Latin antīqua littera (“classic letter”), from the nominative feminine singular of antīquus (“old, ancient, classic”). Doublet of antik.

der

(typography) roman type (upright, not italic)

(typography, now rare) the (classic) Latin script, often though not exclusively with serif, with a (strong) contrast between full and connecting strokes


pont

pontok (plural)
pont (nominative singular)
pontok (nominative plural)
pontot (accusative singular)
pontokat (accusative plural)
pontnak (dative singular)
pontoknak (dative plural)
ponttal (instrumental singular)
pontokkal (instrumental plural)
pontért (causal-final singular)
pontokért (causal-final plural)
ponttá (singular translative)
pontokká (plural translative)
pontig (singular terminative)
pontokig (plural terminative)
pontként (essive-formal singular)
pontokként (essive-formal plural)
pontban (inessive singular)
pontokban (inessive plural)
ponton (singular superessive)
pontokon (plural superessive)
pontnál (adessive singular)
pontoknál (adessive plural)
pontba (illative singular)
pontokba (illative plural)
pontra (singular sublative)
pontokra (plural sublative)
ponthoz (allative singular)
pontokhoz (allative plural)
pontból (elative singular)
pontokból (elative plural)
pontról (delative singular)
pontokról (delative plural)
ponttól (ablative singular)
pontoktól (ablative plural)
ponté (singular)
pontoké (plural)
pontéi (singular)
pontokéi (plural)
pontom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
pontjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
pontod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
pontjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
pontja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
pontjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
pontunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
pontjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
pontotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
pontjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
pontjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
pontjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from German Punkt, from Latin punctum.

(typography) dot, point (a diacritical mark or accent mark above or below various letters of the Latin script, as in Ȧ, Ạ, Ḃ, Ḅ, Ċ, or in Semitic languages to indicate vowels, stress, etc.)

(typography) point (a unit of measure equal to 1/12 of a pica, or approximately 1/72 of an inch, i.e., 0.3759 mm; exactly 1/72 of an inch in the digital era)


margin

→ Cantonese: 孖展 (maa¹ zin²)

→ Korean: 마진 (majin)

/ˈmɑːɹd͡ʒ(ə)n/

From Middle English margyn, from Latin marginem (possibly via Old French margin), accusative of margō (“edge, brink, border, margin”). Doublet of marge and margo.

(typography) The edge of the paper, typically left blank when printing but sometimes used for annotations etc.

kantlyn

typography: edge of the paper that remains blank


forma

From Old Galician-Portuguese forma, inherited from Latin fōrma. Doublet of etymology 1, which was borrowed.

(typography) type; sort (block used to print a character)


pastel

pastél (canonical)
ᜉᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
pastil (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish pastel, from Old French pastel, from Italian pastello, from Medieval Latin pastellum, from Latin pasta, ultimately from Ancient Greek πάστη (pástē).

(letterpress typography) pi (metal type that has been spilled)


initial

From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).

(typography, calligraphy) A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document.

caplletra

calligraphy: distinguished initial letter


mutton

en-noun

mutton (countable and uncountable, plural muttons)

From Middle English motoun, moton, from Old French mouton (“sheep”), from Vulgar Latin moltō, from Gaulish *multon-, from Proto-Celtic *moltos (“ram, wether”). Doublet of mouton.

(typography slang) Em, a unit of measurement equal to the height of the type in use.


emphasis

emphasis (countable and uncountable, plural emphases)

From Latin emphasis, from Ancient Greek ἔμφασις (émphasis, “significance”), from ἐμφαίνω (emphaínō, “I present, I indicate”), from ἐν- (en-, “in”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “I show”).

der

(typography) The use of boldface, italics, or other such formatting to highlight text.

èmfasi

typography: the use of boldface, italics, or other such formatting to highlight text


crotch

Of disputed origin; two possibilities seem likely:
* From Middle English croche, variant of crucche (“crutch”); compare crook.
* From Middle English croche, variant of crouche (“cross, crozier”).

could eat the crotch out of a low flying duck

(typography) The open counter (negative space) formed by two downward strokes that meet at an internal acute angle, potentially above a vertex, as in the letters "V" and "Y".


gutter

Sranan Tongo: gotro

From Middle English gutter, guttur, goter, from Anglo-Norman guttere, from Old French goutiere (French gouttière), ultimately from Latin gutta (“drop”).

(typography) A space between printed columns of text.


Dvorak

August Dvorak
Dvorak Simplified Keyboard

From Czech Dvořák. The keyboard is named after the American inventor August Dvorak.

Dvorak keyboard

(computing, typography) Describing an optimized keyboard layout for the English language, in which the alphabet is arranged in the order PYFGCRL on the top row, AOEUIDHTNS on the middle, or home row, and QJKXBMWVZ on the bottom row, thus placing the letters most frequently used in the home row. Many variants on Dvorak layouts also exist, including keyboards for right-hand-only and left-hand-only-typists.


obelisk

Hippodrome of Constantinople
Obelisk of Theodosius
Theodosius I
Thutmose III

From Middle French obelisque, from Latin obeliscus (“obelisk”), from Ancient Greek ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós, “needle”). Compare obelus.

(historical) A symbol resembling a horizontal line (–), sometimes together with one or two dots (for example, ⨪ or ÷), which was used in ancient manuscripts and texts to mark a word or passage as doubtful or spurious, or redundant.

A dagger symbol (†), which is used in printed matter as a reference mark to refer the reader to a footnote, marginal note, etc.; beside a person's name to indicate that the person is deceased; or beside a date to indicate that it is a person's death date.


baseline

Several characters typically have descenders below the lower baseline.

(typography) A line used as the basis for the alignment of glyphs.

účaří

typography: line used as the basis for the alignment of glyphs


caption

Borrowed from Latin captiō (“deception, fraud”), from the past participle of capiō (“I take, I seize”) (English capture). Compare Middle English capcioun (“seizure, capture”).

cog

(typography) The descriptive heading or title, of a document or part thereof.

заглавие

descriptive title or heading of (part of) a document


quad

Shortened, via clipping or abbreviation, from various English terms. Ultimately related to Latin quattuor (“4”); compare quadri-, quadruple.
The typography senses are from the abbreviation quad. for obsolete quadrat; the keyboard command comes from the verb sense.

“Quadrats, sir. We call 'em quads.” . . . Quads are the spaces left between the paragraphs that come white on the paper. If you look here, at this page that is set-up, you will see that they are deeper than the spaces left between the words and letters—regular little trenches.

1853 April 16, Charles Dickens, Household Words, number 160, page 148:

Horizontal spacing is further divided into multiples and fractions of the em. The multiples are called quads. The fractions are called spaces.

1979, Marshall Lee, Bookmaking, page 110:

Other larger spaces – known as quads – were used to space out lines.

2005, Phil Baines, Andrew Haslam, Type & Typography, 2nd edition, page 91:

(typography, obsolete) Abbreviation of quadrat.

(letterpress typography) A blank metal block used to fill short lines of type.

(printing slang) A joke used to fill long days of setting type.

(typography, phototypesetting and digital typesetting) A keyboard command which aligns text with the left or right margin, or centred between them. In combination, as quad left, quad right, or quad centre.


quad

en-verb

quad (third-person singular simple present quads, present participle quadding, simple past and past participle quadded)

quads (present singular third-person)
quadding (participle present)
quadded (participle past)
quadded (past)

(typography, letterpress typography, transitive, intransitive) To fill spaces in a line of type with quads. Also quad out.

(typography, phototypesetting and digital typesetting, transitive, intransitive) To align text with the left or right margin, or centre it.


orientation

en-noun

orientation (countable and uncountable, plural orientations)

→ Japanese: オリエンテーション (orientēshon)

→ Korean: 오리엔테이션 (orienteisyeon)

/ˌɔɹiɛnˈteɪʃən/

From French orientation. By surface analysis, orient + -ation.

(typography, countable) The direction of print across the page; landscape or portrait.


italicize

en-verb

italicize (third-person singular simple present italicizes, present participle italicizing, simple past and past participle italicized)

italicizes (present singular third-person)
italicizing (participle present)
italicized (participle past)
italicized (past)
italicise (alternative Commonwealth)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-italicize.wav


italics

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-italics.wav

There is no need to put the whole paragraph in italics.

[T]hey [the Catholics and Puritans] encumbered their verſion [of the Bible] with a load of uſeleſs Italics; often without the leaſt neceſſity, and almoſt always to the detriment of the text. In fact, either the words in Italics are virtually implied in the Hebrew, or they are not. In the former caſe they are a real part of the text, and ſhould be printed in the ſame character: in the latter, they are generally ill aſſorted and clumſy ekes, that may well be ſpared; and which often disfigure the narration under pretence of connecting it.

1786, Alexander Geddes, Prospectus of a New Translation of the Holy Bible from Corrected Texts of the Originals, Compared with the Ancient Versions. […], Glasgow: Printed for the author, and sold by R[obert] Faulder, […]; C. Eliot, […]; and —— Cross, […], →OCLC, page 95:

Writing of cyclic diagramming, he speaks of ". . . the practical state of locomotives that pass through any number of engine and maintenance crews' hands in the course of a week's common user working, receiving love from none". The italics are mine.

1959 May, G. F. Fiennes (reviewer), “New Reading on Railways: British Railways Today and Tomorrow. By G. Freeman Allen. Ian Allan. 25s.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 271:

(typography, plural only) Letters in an italic typeface.


counter

From Old French contre, Anglo-Norman cuntre, both from Latin contra.

[ˈkʰaʊ̯.ɾ̃ɚ]

(typography) The enclosed or partly closed negative space of a glyph.


runt

The OED classifies this word as "of obscure origin". Some see a connection to Middle Dutch runt (“ox”), but the OED considers this to be unlikely.

unk

obscure

(typography) A single word (or portion of a hyphenated word) that appears as the last line of a paragraph.

orposana

single word that appears as the last line of a paragraph


em dash

em dashes (plural)
em rule (alternative)
emdash (alternative)
em-dash (alternative)
m dash (alternative)
m-rule (alternative)
mutton dash (alternative)

Named for its width, which is equal to the width of the letter m or M, or approximately twice the width of an en dash.

(typography) The symbol (—) (used to demarcate a parenthetical thought or to indicate a break, or for emphasis)


en dash

en dashes (plural)
en rule (alternative)
endash (alternative)
en-dash (alternative)
n dash (alternative)
n-rule (alternative)
nut dash (alternative)

Named for its width, which is equal to the width of the letter n or N, or approximately half the width of an em dash.

(typography) The punctuation mark –, which is used, for instance, to indicate a range.


widow

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English widwe, from Old English widuwe, from Proto-West Germanic *widuwā, from Proto-Germanic *widuwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂, possibly from *h₁weydʰh₁-, *widʰ- (“to separate, split, cleave, divide”), whence also wood from Old English widu, wudu.
Cognates include German Witwe, Dutch weduwe, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 (widuwō), Old Irish fedb, Latin vidua, Old Church Slavonic въдова (vŭdova), Sanskrit विधवा (vidhavā) and Persian بیوه (bive, bêva), Middle Persian wēwag, Avestan viðavā- "widow" .

(typography) A single line of type that ends a paragraph but is separated from it by being carried over to the next page or column.

intañvez

single line of type carried over to the next page


anca

From Vulgar Latin *hanca (“hip”), from Frankish *hanka, from Proto-Germanic *ankijǭ (“joint”), from Proto-Indo-European *ang- (“joint”). Cognates include Italian anca (“hip”) and French hanche (“hip”).


tofu

en-noun

tofu (countable and uncountable, plural tofus)

Borrowed from Japanese 豆(とう)腐(ふ) (tōfu), from Middle Chinese 豆腐 (duwᴴ bju^X, “curdled bean”). Doublet of dubu.

der

(computing, typography) A box or rectangle, empty or with a question mark or hexadecimal code inside, displayed by some systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts. (such as _□ or 𐕪)


caja

→ Cebuano: kaha

→ Tagalog: kaha

Probably borrowed from Catalan caixa or Occitan caissa, from Latin capsa. (Latin /-ps-/ yields palatal outcomes in the latter two, but not in Spanish; cf. Latin ipse > Sp. ese, Catalan eixe.) Related to English case and cash and, more distantly, Spanish quijada.


flush

en-adj

flush (comparative flusher, superlative flushest)

flusher (comparative)
flushest (superlative)

Same as Etymology 3, according to the American Heritage Dictionary.

flush left and right
flush left and right#English

(typography) Ellipsis of flush left and right: a body of text aligned with both its left and right margins.


drop letter

(typography) A large letter at the beginning of a line of text, positioned in a decorative way below the baseline of the rest of the type.


italic

Named after the nation of Italy, as it was first used by an Italian printer, Aldo Manuzio, around 1500. Literally Italy + -ic.

(typography, of a typeface or font) Designed to resemble a handwriting style developed in Italy in the 16th century.

курсивен

designed to resemble a handwriting style

The text was impossible to read: every other word was underlined or in a bold or italic font.

(typography, of a typeface or font) Having letters that slant or lean to the right; oblique.


italic

Names of vessels, as the Kearsarge or the Alabama, are frequently put in italic.

1902, Theodore Low DeVinne, The Practice of Typography: Correct Composition, page 104:

[…] ROBERT GRANJON, possibly in collaboration with CLAUDE GARAMOND, had created an italic which matched Garamond Roman.

1983, Ida M. Kimber, The Art of Lettering, translation of original by Albert Kapr, page 329:

(typography) A typeface in which the letters slant to the right.

շղատառ

typeface whose letters slant to the right


script

en-noun

script (countable and uncountable, plural scripts)

From Middle English scrit, borrowed from Old French escrit, from Latin scriptum (something written), from scrībō (“write”).

(typography) Type made in imitation of handwriting.


mortise

en-verb

mortise (third-person singular simple present mortises, present participle mortising, simple past and past participle mortised)

mortises (present singular third-person)
mortising (participle present)
mortised (participle past)
mortised (past)
mortice (alternative)

From Middle English morteys, from Old French mortaise, from Arabic مُرْتَزّ (murtazz), from اِرْتَزَّ (irtazza).

(typography) To adjust the horizontal space between selected pairs of letters; to kern.


forward slash

A retronym coined to distinguish the slash from the backslash, particularly in computing contexts.


Oxford comma

From Oxford University Press, where such use is the house style.

It was Collins who invented the ‘Oxford comma’, for which he obtained supported from Herbert Spencer.

2002 [1978], Peter Sutcliffe, “Making the Press what it ought to be”, in The Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, page 114:

Who gives a fuck about an Oxford comma? / I've seen those English dramas too; they're cruel / So if there's any other way to spell the word / It's fine with me, with me

2008, “Oxford Comma”, in Vampire Weekend, performed by Vampire Weekend:

It is a debate that has torn the nation in two, ripped friends and family apart, and entrenched deep and uncrossable lines throughout the land. Should the Royal Mint have used an Oxford comma on its Brexit 50p piece?

2020 January 27, Alison Flood, “Philip Pullman calls for boycott of Brexit 50p coin over 'missing' Oxford comma”, in The Guardian:


Harvard comma

From Harvard University Press, where such use is the house style.


χαρακτήρας

head

χαρακτήρας • (charaktíras) m (plural χαρακτήρες)

charaktíras (romanization)
χαρακτήρες (plural)
χαρακτήρας (nominative singular)
χαρακτήρες (nominative plural)
χαρακτήρα (genitive singular)
χαρακτήρων (genitive plural)
χαρακτήρα (accusative singular)
χαρακτήρες (accusative plural)
χαρακτήρα (singular vocative)
χαρακτήρες (plural vocative)

χα ρα κτή ρας

Learnedly, from Ancient Greek χᾰρᾰκτήρ (khărăktḗr), from the accusative singular "τὸν (tòn) χαρακτῆρα (kharaktêra)". From χαράσσω (kharássō).


moule

Inherited from Old French modle, an old (11th century) borrowing from Latin modulus (“measure”) (compare Catalan motlle). Doublet of module, a more recent borrowing.


justified

en-adj

justified (comparative more justified, superlative most justified)

more justified (comparative)
most justified (superlative)

(typography) Of text, arranged on a page or a computer screen such that the left and right ends of all lines within paragraphs are aligned, with the space between words adjusted as necessary. Also called fully justified to contrast with left-justified and right-justified.

tasattu

having lines arranged on a page or computer screen


deklivo

eo-head

deklivo (accusative singular deklivon, plural deklivoj, accusative plural deklivojn)

deklivon (accusative singular)
deklivoj (plural)
deklivojn (accusative plural)