pie

(letterpress typography) Alternative form of pi (“metal type that has been spilled, mixed together, or disordered”).


pie

pies (plural)
pié (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Old Spanish pie, from Latin pedem.
Cognate with Asturian pie, Galician and Portuguese pé, and Catalan peu. As an English unit, a calque of English foot.

(design, typography) footer (the bottom of a page or design)


accolade

First use appears c. 1591 in the publications of Thomas Lodge, borrowed from French accolade, from Occitan acolada (“an embrace”), from acolar (“to embrace”), from Italian accollato, from Vulgar Latin *accollō (“to hug around the neck”), from Latin ad- + collum (“neck”) (English collar).


color

colors (plural)
colour (alternative Commonwealth Ireland)
usage notes (alternative)

From Middle English colour, color, borrowed from Anglo-Norman colur, from Old French colour, color, from Latin color. Doublet of couleur.
Displaced English blee, Middle English blee (“color”), from Old English blēo. Also partially replaced Old English hīew (“color”) and its descendants (English hue), which is less often used in this sense.
The spelling color was popularized in modern American English by Noah Webster, to match the spelling of the word's Latin etymon, and make all American spellings of the derivatives consistent (colorimeter, coloration, colorize, colorless, etc).

колори́т

interest, especially in a selective area

(typography) The relative lightness or darkness of a mass of written or printed text on a page. (See type color on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)


en

The name of the letter comes from Latin en. The typographic sense dates to 1793.

(typography) A unit of measurement equal to half an em (half the height of the type in use).


point

en-noun

point (countable and uncountable, plural points)

→ Cantonese: point

→ Indonesian: poin

→ Japanese: ポイント (pointo)

→ Korean: 포인트 (pointeu)

→ Malay: poin

From Middle English poynt, from Old French point m (“dot; minute amount”), from Latin pūnctum (“a hole punched in; a point, puncture”), substantive use of pūnctus m, perfect passive participle of pungō (“I prick, punch”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”)); alternatively, from Old French pointe f (“sharp tip”), from Latin pūncta f (past participle). Mostly displaced native Middle English ord (“point”), from Old English ord (“point”). Doublet of pointe, ponto, puncto, punctum, punt, and punto.

kärki

position at the front or vanguard of an advancing force

decimal point

not used when reading decimal fractions aloud

A small discrete division or individual feature of something.

(typography) a unit of measure equal to 1/12 of a pica, or approximately 1/72 of an inch (exactly 1/72 of an inch in the digital era).


peso

LL-Q5146 (por)-Nelson Ricardo 2500-peso.wav

From Old Galician-Portuguese peso, from Vulgar Latin *pēsum, from Latin pēnsum, from the verb penso (“to weigh”).

(typography) weight; boldness (thickness of a character’s strokes)


comma

en-noun

comma (plural commas or (rare) commata or (obsolete) commaes)

commas (plural)
commata (plural rare)
commaes (obsolete plural)
come (alternative obsolete)

From Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”).

No points were used by the ancient printers, excepting the colon and the period; but, after some time, a short oblique stroke, called a virgil, was introduced, which answered to the modern comma. In the fifteenth century this punctuation was improved by the famous Aldus Manutius with the typographical art in general; when he gave a better shape to the comma, added the semicolon, and assigned to the former points more proper places.

1828, Richard Thomson, Illustrations of the History of Great Britain, Vol. II, pp. 145–6

(typography) The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set of parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.

Komma

also denotes the German or Fraktur comma with a shape similar to /

(Romanian typography) A similar-looking subscript diacritical mark.


index

index (plural indexes or indices or (obsolete, in use in the 17th century) index's)

indexes (plural)
indices (plural)
index's (obsolete plural)

⇒ Chinese: 引得 (yǐndé)

→ Japanese: インデックス (indekkusu)

From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”); see indicate.

der

(typography) A symbol resembling a pointing hand, used to direct particular attention to a note or paragraph.


black

en-adj

black (comparative blacker or more black, superlative blackest or most black)

blacker (comparative)
more black (comparative)
blackest (superlative)
most black (superlative)
blacke (alternative obsolete)
Black (alternative)
blk (alternative)
blak (alternative)

Bislama: blak

Sranan Tongo: blaka

Aukan: baaka

→ Caribbean Hindustani: blaaka

Tok Pisin: blak

Torres Strait Creole: blaik

→ Dutch: black

→ French: black

→ Greek: μπλάκης (blákis)

From Middle English blak, black, blake, from Old English blæc (“black, dark", also "ink”), from Proto-West Germanic *blak, from Proto-Germanic *blakaz (“burnt”) (compare Dutch blaken (“to burn”), Low German blak, black (“blackness, black paint, (black) ink”), Old High German blah (“black”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleg- (“to burn, shine”) (compare Latin flagrāre (“to burn”), Ancient Greek φλόξ (phlóx, “flame”), Sanskrit भर्ग (bharga, “radiance”)).
Sense 20 is a semantic loan from Cantonese 黑面 (hak1 min6, “to pull a long face, to scowl”).

sort

of coffee or tea, without milk or other whitener

Compare two Unicode symbols: ☞ (“WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX”); ☛ (“BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX”).

(typography) Said of a symbol or character that is solid, filled with color.


white

en-adj

white (comparative whiter or more white, superlative whitest or most white)

whiter (comparative)
more white (comparative)
whitest (superlative)
most white (superlative)
whight (alternative obsolete)
whyte (alternative obsolete)
whyght (alternative obsolete)
White (alternative)

Bislama: waet

Sranan Tongo: weti

Aukan: weti

Saramaccan: wéti

Tok Pisin: wait

→ Japanese: ホワイト (howaito)

white fella

⇒ Nyunga: wadjela

white gin

⇒ Gamilaraay: waatyin

⇒ Ngiyambaa: wadjiin

⇒ Wiradjuri: waajin

Inherited from Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).
Cognates
* West Frisian wyt
*Dutch wit
* German weiß
* German weiss
* Norwegian Bokmål hvit
* Norwegian Nynorsk kvit
* Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”)
* Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”)
* Persian سفید (sefid, “white”), Persian سپید (sepid, “white”)
* Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”)
* Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

cog

(typography) Not containing characters; see white space.

Compare two Unicode symbols: ☞ = "WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX"; ☛ = "BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX"

(typography) Said of a symbol or character outline, not solid, not filled with color. Compare black (“said of a character or symbol filled with color”).


pi

en-noun

pi (countable and uncountable, plural pis)

Unclear. Possibly from the Greek letter (see Etymology 1) as a common example of non-alphabetic character, possibly from pica (“type size”) (see Etymology 3), possibly from pie referring to its mixed nature or pied (“checkered, multicoloured”).

(letterpress typography) Metal type that has been spilled, mixed together, or disordered.


pi

en-verb

pi (third-person singular simple present pies, present participle piing, simple past and past participle pied)

pies (present singular third-person)
piing (participle present)
pied (participle past)
pied (past)

(letterpress typography) To spill or mix printing type.


pi

In computing, pi characters may be entered with special key combinations.

(typography) Not part of the usual font character set; especially, non-Roman type or symbols as opposed to standard alphanumeric Roman type.


pi

(typography) pica (conventionally, 12 points = 1 pica, 6 picas = 1 inch).


case

From Middle English case, from Old Northern French casse (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capiō (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash, chase, and chasse. Compare Spanish caja, Asturian caxa, Portuguese caixa.

(typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.

դուրճ

typography: the nature of a piece of alphabetic type


stem

From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).

der

the apple does not fall far from the stem

(typography) A vertical stroke of a letter.


wing

en-noun

wing (countable and uncountable, plural wings)

wings (plural)
weng (alternative obsolete)
whing (alternative obsolete)
wyng (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English winge, wenge, from Old Norse vængr ("wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare vængi (“ship's cabin”)), from Proto-Germanic *wēingijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), thus related to wind. Cognate with Danish vinge (“wing”), Swedish vinge (“wing”), Icelandic vængur (“wing”).
Replaced native Middle English fither (from Old English fiþre, from Proto-Germanic *fiþriją), which merged with Middle English fether (from Old English feþer, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō). More at feather.

gl

"wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">vængi</i> (“ship's cabin”)

der

ˇ wing, wedge, hǎcek, inverted circumflex (Karel Čapek)

1985, David Grambs, Literary Companion Dictionary, page 378:


bold

en-adj

bold (comparative bolder or more bold, superlative boldest or most bold)

bolder (comparative)
more bold (comparative)
boldest (superlative)
most bold (superlative)

From Middle English bold, bolde, bald, beald, from Old English bald, beald (“bold, brave, confident, strong, of good courage, presumptuous, impudent”), from Proto-West Germanic *balþ, from Proto-Germanic *balþaz (“strong, bold”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-, *bʰlē- (“to bloat, swell, bubble”).
Cognate with Dutch boud (“bold, courageous, fearless”), Middle High German balt (“bold”) (whence German bald (“soon”)), Swedish båld (“bold, dauntless”). Perhaps related to Albanian ballë (“forehead”) and Old Prussian balo (“forehead”). For semantic development compare Italian affrontare (“to face, to deal with”), sfrontato (“bold, daring, insolent”), both from Latin frons (“forehead”).

cog

Many bold fonts are available on this computer.

In HTML, wrapping text in <b> and </b> tags produces bold text.

(typography, of typefaces) Having thicker strokes than the ordinary form of the typeface.

թավ

having thicker strokes than the ordinary form of the typeface

מֻדְגָּשׁ (mudgásh, literally “emphasized”)

בּוֹלֵט m (bolét, literally “conspicuous”)


ruby

→ Japanese: ルビ (rubi)

From the British 5½-point type size ruby (etymology 1), used for annotations in printed documents.

(typography) A pronunciation guide written above or beside Chinese characters.


eye

en-noun

eye (plural eyes or (archaic or dialectal) eyen or (archaic) eyne)

eyes (plural)
eyen (archaic dialectal plural)
eyne (archaic plural)

Sranan Tongo: ai

From Middle English eye, eie, yë, eighe, eyghe, yȝe, eyȝe, from Old English ēage (“eye”), from Proto-West Germanic *augā, from Proto-Germanic *augô (“eye”) (compare Scots ee, West Frisian each, Dutch oog, German Auge, Danish øje, Norwegian Bokmål øye, Norwegian Nynorsk auga, Swedish öga), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃okʷ-, *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).
Other Indo-European cognates include Latin oculus (whence English oculus), Lithuanian aki̇̀s, Old Church Slavonic око (oko), Albanian sy, Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps, “(poetic) eye; face”) and ὄσσε (ósse, “eyes”), Armenian ակն (akn), Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬌 (aši, “eyes”), Sanskrit अक्षि (ákṣi). Related to ogle.
The uncommon plural form eyen is from Middle English eyen, from Old English ēaġan, nominative and accusative plural of ēaġe (“eye”).

cog

an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a rusty nail

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

it's all fun and games until someone loses an eye

The “e” was a bit over-inked, with a blacked-out eye.

2022, Hernan Diaz, Trust, Picador (2023):

(typography) The enclosed counter (“negative space”) of the lower-case letter e.


face

Sranan Tongo: fesi

→ Danish: fjæs

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: fjes

Norwegian Nynorsk: fjes

→ Swedish: fejs, fjäs

→ Wu: 番斯 (¹fe-sy)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?
Latin faciēs
Late Latin facia
Old French facebor.
Middle English face
English face
From Middle English face, from Old French face, from Late Latin facia, from Latin faciēs (“form, appearance”). Doublet of facies. Displaced native onlete (“face, countenance, appearance”), anleth (“face”), from Old English anwlite, andwlita, compare German Antlitz; Old English ansīen (“face”), Middle English neb (“face, nose”) (from Old English nebb), Middle English ler, leor, leer (“face, cheek, countenance”) (from Old English hlēor), and non-native Middle English vis (“face, appearance, look”) (from Old French vis) and Middle English chere (“face”) from Old French chere.
In the sense of face as in reputation, influenced by Chinese 面子 (miànzi) or 臉／脸 (liǎn), both of which mean literally the front of the head and metaphorically one's public image. See lose face.

noncog

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

For the typophiles reading this, the book is attractively designed. It is set in Classic Aldine, a handsome face akin to the more popular Palatino. The designer's work is unfortunately marred by indifferent printing.

1982 August 28, Mark McHarry, “A Minor Delight”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 7, page 12:


slug

Nicoline van der Sijs
Slug (disambiguation)

Originally referred to a slow, lazy person, from Middle English slugge (“lazy person", also "sloth, slothfulness”), probably of either Old English or Old Norse origin; compare Norn slug (“lazy, slothful, sluggish”), dialectal Norwegian slugg (“a large, heavy body”), sluggje (“heavy, slow person”), Danish slog (“rascal, rogue”); perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sliǵ-ōn, from *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”) or otherwise from the root of Old Norse slókr (“lazy person, oaf”), whence Icelandic slókur (“laziness”). Compare also Dutch slak (“snail, slug”). Doublet of slotch.

inh

(letterpress typography) A piece of type metal imprinted by a linotype machine; also a black mark placed in the margin to indicate an error; also said in application to typewriters; type slug.


sangría

→ Catalan: sangria

→ English: sangria

→ French: sangria

→ German: Sangria

→ Portuguese: sangria


furigana

Borrowed from Japanese 振り仮名 (furigana, “annotating kana”, literally “assigned phonetic character”).

bor

Furigana are indispensable for some names of people and places whose Kanji are not included among the official Kanji list, and whose sounds can be unusual and even idiosyncratic.

2014, Insup Taylor, M. Martin Taylor, Writing and Literacy in Chinese, Korean and Japanese, revised edition, John Benjamins, →ISBN, page 290:

(Japanese typography) Kana printed next to or above a kanji or other character to indicate the pronunciation.


lead

en-noun

lead (countable and uncountable, plural leads)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-lead.wav

From Middle English led, leed, from Old English lēad (“lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laud (“lead”), possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow”).
Cognate with Scots leid, lede (“lead”), North Frisian lud, luad (“lead”), West Frisian lead (“lead”), Dutch lood (“lead”), Low German Lod (“solder, plummet”), German Lot (“solder, plummet, sounding line”), Swedish lod (“solder, plummet”), Icelandic lóð (“a plumb, weight”), Irish luaidhe (“lead”) Latin plumbum (“lead”), Finnish luoti (“bullet”). Doublet of loth. More at flow.
* (graphite in a pencil): Graphite was once believed to be a form of lead; see black lead and plumbago.

cog

This copy has too much lead; I prefer less space between the lines.

(uncountable, typography) Vertical space in advance of a row or between rows of text. Also known as leading.


come

There be five manner of points and divisions most used among cunning men; the which if they be well used, make the sentence very light and easy to be understood, both to the reader and hearer: and they be these, virgil,—come,—parenthesis,—plain point,—interrogative.

Whoever introduced the several points, it seems that a full-point, a point called come, answering to our colon-point, a point called virgil answering to our comma-point, the parenthesis-points and interrogative-point, were used at the close of the fourteenth, or beginning of the fifteenth century.

1842, F. Francillon, An Essay on Punctuation, page 9:

(typography, obsolete) Alternative form of comma in its medieval use as a middot ⟨·⟩ serving as a form of colon.

comma in its medieval use as a middot serving as a form of colon


drive

en-noun

drive (countable and uncountable, plural drives)

[d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv]

From Middle English driven, from Old English drīfan (“to drive, force, move”), from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots drive (“to drive”), North Frisian driwe (“to drive”), Saterland Frisian drieuwe (“to drive”), West Frisian driuwe (“to chase, drive, impel”), Dutch drijven (“to drive”), Low German drieven (“to drive, drift, push”), German treiben (“to drive, push, propel”), Norwegian Bokmål drive, Danish drive (“to drive, run, force”), Norwegian Nynorsk driva, Swedish driva (“to drive, power, drift, push, force”), Icelandic drífa (“to drive, hurry, rush”).

cog

(typography) An impression or matrix formed by a punch drift.


weight

en-noun

weight (countable and uncountable, plural weights)

weights (plural)
wt. (alternative)
waight (alternative obsolete)

Belizean Creole: wayt

→ Japanese: ウエイト (ueito)

→ Burmese: ဝိတ် (wit)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th (abstract nominal suffix).
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

font weight

(typography) The boldness of a font; the relative thickness of its strokes.


overshoot

en-noun

overshoot (countable and uncountable, plural overshoots)

/ˌəʊ.vəˈʃuːt/

From Middle English overshoten, oversheten (“to shoot beyond, shoot past, pour down from above”), perhaps continuing Old English ofersċēotan (“to shoot down”), equivalent to over- + shoot.

inh

The portion resting beyond the capline or baseline is called overshoot.

2019, Reece Patton, Formatting for Print:

The bowl of the D and the O are usually not identical, as most D forms do not have overshoot or undershoot.

2020, Karen Cheng, Designing Type, 2nd edition, page 88:

(countable, uncountable, typography, design) The portion of a letter extending above the capline of other letters of the same font, or the relative degree of such extent.


reset

→ German: Reset

→ Japanese: リセット (risetto)

(typography) That which is reset; printed matter set up again.


ring

→ French: ring
→ Romanian: ring

→ Hungarian: ring

→ Italian: ring

→ Japanese: リング

→ Polish: ring

→ Serbo-Croatian: ring

→ Spanish: ring

→ Turkish: ring

From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.
Cognates
* West Frisian ring
* Low German Ring
* Dutch ring
* German Ring
* Swedish ring
* Finnish rengas
More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (whence Bulgarian кръг (krǎg), Polish krąg, Russian круг (krug)).

(typography) A diacritical mark in the shape of a hollow circle placed above or under the letter; a kroužek.


stick

en-noun

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

[…]although the headings may often be in other type, still, as these are composed in the same stick, they cannot fail to justify;[…]

1854, Thomas Ford, The Compositor's Handbook, page 125:

A tool, control, or instrument shaped somewhat like a stick.

(dated, letterpress typography) A composing stick, the tool used by compositors to assemble lines of type.


apex

Borrowed from Latin apex (“point, tip, summit”).

The highest or the greatest part of something, especially forming a point.

A diacritic in Classical Latin that resembles and gave rise to the acute.

A diacritic in Middle Vietnamese that indicates /ŋ͡m/.

A sharp upward point formed by two strokes that meet at an acute angle, as in "W", uppercase "A", and closed-top "4", or by a tapered stroke, as in lowercase "t".


solid

en-adj

solid (comparative more solid or solider, superlative most solid or solidest)

more solid (comparative)
solider (comparative)
most solid (superlative)
solidest (superlative)

From Middle English solide, borrowed from Old French solide, from Latin solidus (“solid”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-i-dʰ-o-s (“entire”), suffixed form of root *solh₂- (“integrate, whole”). Doublet of sol, sold, soldo, solidus, sou, and xu.

doublet

American English writes many words as solid that British English hyphenates.

(typography) Written as one word, without spaces or hyphens.


solid

en-adv

solid (comparative more solid, superlative most solid)

more solid (comparative)
most solid (superlative)

Many long-established compounds are set solid.

(not comparable, typography) Without spaces or hyphens.


tail

Sranan Tongo: tere

From Middle English tail, tayl, teil, from Old English tæġl (“tail”), from Proto-West Germanic *tagl, from Proto-Germanic *taglą (“hair, fiber; hair of a tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *doḱ- (“hair of the tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to tear, fray, shred”). Cognate with Scots tail (“tail”), Saterland Frisian Tail (“tail, end”), West Frisian teil (“tail”), Dutch teil (“tail, haulm, blade”), Low German Tagel (“twisted scourge, whip of thongs and ropes; end of a rope”), German Zagel (“tail”), dialectal Danish tavl (“hair of the tail”), Swedish tagel (“hair of the tail, horsehair”), Norwegian tagl (“tail”), Icelandic tagl (“tail, horsetail, ponytail”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”). In some senses, apparently by a generalization of the usual opposition between head and tail.

cog

have the world by the tail on a downhill pull

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

trust someone as far as one could fling a bull by the tail

(typography) The lower loop of the letters in the Roman alphabet, as in g, q or y.


river

→ Finnish: river (“river (in poker)”)

Sranan Tongo: liba

From Middle English ryver, from Anglo-Norman rivere, from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria (“littoral, riverbank”), from Latin rīpārius (“of a riverbank”), from Latin rīpa (“river bank”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to scratch, tear, cut”). Unrelated to Latin rīvus (“stream”) (whence rival, derive). Doublet of riviera and rivière. Displaced native Old English ēa.

der

lake [⇒ thesaurus] "stream of running water"

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class III § 348. River

(typography) A visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page, caused by spaces between words on consecutive lines happening to coincide.

نهر أبيض

typography: visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page


space

en-noun

space (countable and uncountable, plural spaces)

From Middle English space, from Anglo-Norman space, variant of espace, espas et al., and spaze, variant of espace, from Latin spatium, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“to stretch, to pull”).

مَسَافَة

gap between written characters, lines etc.

Fully Automated Luxury Queer Space Communism

If it be only a Single Letter or two that drops, he thruſts the end of his Bodkin between every Letter of that Word, till he comes to a Space: and then perhaps by forcing thoſe Letters closer, he may have room to put in another Space or a Thin Space; which if he cannot do, and he finds the Space ſtand Looſe in the Form; he with the Point of his Bodkin picks the Space up and bows it a little; which bowing makes the Letters on each ſide of the Space keep their parallel diſtance; for by its Spring it thruſts the Letters that were cloſed with the end of the Bodkin to their adjunct Letters, that needed no cloſing.

1683, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises: Or, the Doctrine of Handy-Works. Applied to the art of Printing., volume 2, pages 240–1:

Horizontal spacing is further divided into multiples and fractions of the em. The multiples are called quads. The fractions are called spaces.

1979, Marshall Lee, Bookmaking, page 110:

Other larger spaces – known as quads – were used to space out lines.

2005, Phil Baines, Andrew Haslam, Type & Typography, 2nd edition, page 91:

(heading) A bounded or specific extent, physical or otherwise.

(letterpress typography) A piece of metal type used to separate words, cast lower than other type so as not to take ink, especially one that is narrower than one en (compare quad).


dagger

From Middle English daggere, daggare, dagard, probably adapted from Old French dague (1229), related to Occitan, Italian, Spanish daga, Dutch dagge, German Degen, Middle Low German dagge (“knife's point”), Old Norse daggarðr, Danish daggert, Faroese daggari, Welsh dager, dagr, Breton dac, Albanian thikë (“a knife, dagger”), thek (“to stab, to pierce with a sharp object”).
In English attested from the 1380s.
The ultimate origin of the word is unclear. Grimm suspects Celtic origin.
Others have suggested derivation from an unattested Vulgar Latin *daca "Dacian [knife]", from the Latin adjective dācus. Chastelain (Dictionaire etymologique, 1750) thought that French dague was a derivation from German dagge, dagen, although not attested until a much later date).
The knightly dagger evolves from the 12th century. Guillaume le Breton (died 1226) uses daca in his Philippide. Other Middle Latin forms include daga, dagga, dagha, dagger, daggerius, daggerium, dagarium, dagarius, diga; the forms with -r- are late 14th century adoptions of the English word).
OED points out that there is also an English verb dag (“to stab”) from which this could be a derivation, but the verb is attested only from about 1400.
Relation to Old Armenian դակու (daku, “adze, axe”) has also been suggested. Alternatively, a connection from Proto-Indo-European *dʰāg-u- and cognate with Ancient Greek θήγω (thḗgō, “to sharpen, whet”).


wedge

en-noun

wedge (countable and uncountable, plural wedges)

From Middle English wegge (“wedge”), from Old English weċġ (“wedge”), from Proto-West Germanic *wagi, from Proto-Germanic *wagjaz.

The wedge is used in Czech and is illustrated by the Czech name for the diacritic, haček.

1982, Thomas Pyles, John Algeo, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 3rd edition, page 49:

The tilde and the circumflex have a place in the ASCII scheme but the wedge and the umlaut do not.

1996, Geoffrey Keith Pullum, William A. Ladusaw, Phonetic Symbol Guide, 2nd edition, page xxvi:

The háček or ‘wedge’ ⟨ˇ⟩ is a diacritic commonly used in Slavic orthographies. […] As a tone mark the wedge is used iconically for a falling-rising tone as in Chinese Pinyin.

1999, Florian Coulmas, “háček”, in The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems, page 193:

Any symbol shaped like a V in some given orientation.


stroke

The noun is derived from Middle English strok, stroke (“blow from a weapon, cut”), from Old English strāc, from Proto-West Germanic *straik, from Proto-Germanic *straikaz (“stroke”), from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to rub, stroke; to shear; to strike”).
Sense 3.6.2.2 (“the oblique, slash, or virgule (‘/’)”) is a contraction of oblique stroke, a variant of oblique which was originally used in telegraphy.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* German Streich (“stroke”)
* Middle Low German strēk (“stroke, trick, prank”)
* Scots strak, strake, straik (“blow, stroke”)

isku

one of a series of beats or movements against a resisting medium, by means of which movement through or upon it is accomplished

ход

single movement or thrust of a part (such as a piston) of a machine that moves back and forth; length of this movement

A single movement of a paintbrush, chisel, pen, pencil, or similar implement; a line or mark made by such an implement.

(linguistics, calligraphy, typography) A line making up a written character.

خَطّ

line or mark made on a surface by an implement for drawing, writing, etc.

筆畫 /笔画

line making up a written character; specifically, a Chinese, Japanese, or Korean character

(computing) In Unicode: the formal name of the individual horizontal strikethroughs (as in "A̶").

Subject: Fire. Dear Sir-stroke-Madam: I am writing to inform you of a fire which has broken out at the premises of … No. That's too formal.

2006 February 3, Graham Linehan, “Calamity Jen”, in The IT Crowd, season 1, episode 2:

(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) The oblique, slash, or virgule ("/").


nut

→ Japanese: ナット (natto)

From Middle English nute, note, from Old English hnutu, from Proto-West Germanic *hnut, from Proto-Germanic *hnuts (“nut”), from a root *knu- possibly shared with Proto-Celtic *knūs and Latin nux (“nut”). Based on the form of the nouns and the restriction of the root to Germanic, Celtic and Italic, it has been argued to be of non-Indo-European (substrate) origin.
See also West Frisian nút, Dutch noot, German Nuss, Danish nød, Swedish nöt, Norwegian nøtt.

dió

walnut in particular and an element in the name of some other nuts

dióféle

literally: ’walnut-like’, the family of this fruit

walnuts, hazelnuts/peanuts, chestnuts, and related fruits

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

(typography slang) En, a unit of measurement equal to half of the height of the type in use.

Halbgeviert

typography: unit equal to half of the height of the type in use


errata

errata (nominative singular)
erraty (nominative plural)
erraty (genitive singular)
errat (genitive plural)
erracie (dative singular)
erratom (dative plural)
erratę (accusative singular)
erraty (accusative plural)
erratą (instrumental singular)
erratami (instrumental plural)
erracie (locative singular)
erratach (locative plural)
errato (singular vocative)
erraty (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin errāta (“mistaken things, mistakes”), neuter plural of errātus (“mistaken”).

lbor

(typography) errata (typeface whose letters slant to the right)


pipe

→ Bengali: পাইপ (paip)

desc

→ Gulf Arabic: پيپ (pēp, bēb, “smoking pipe”), پايپ (pāyp, bāyb, “medium of transportation (sense 2.1)”)

→ Hindi: पाइप (pāip)

→ Japanese: パイプ (paipu)

→ Korean: 파이프 (paipeu)

→ Malay: paip

→ Maori: paipa

→ Russian: пайп (pajp)

→ Urak Lawoi': ปาเฮะ (pahëq)

From Middle English pīpe, pype (“hollow cylinder or tube used as a conduit or container; duct or vessel of the body; musical instrument; financial records maintained by the English Exchequer, pipe roll”), from Old English pīpe (“pipe (musical instrument); the channel of a small stream”), from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā. Reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa, from Latin pipire, pipiare, pipare, from pīpiō (“to chirp, peep”), of imitative origin. Doublet of fife.
The “storage container” and “liquid measure” senses are derived from Middle English pīpe (“large storage receptacle, particularly for wine; cask, vat; measure of volume”), from pīpe (above) and Old French pipe (“liquid measure”). In specific contexts, calques similar units of measure such as Portuguese pipa.
The verb is from Middle English pīpen, pypyn (“to play a pipe; to make a shrill sound; to speak with a high-pitched tone”), from Old English pīpian (“to pipe”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

inh

While parseing an xml document( sax parser ), trying to replace ' | ' with ' & ' , it finds the pipe, but won't replace with amper.

2001 July 13, JimmyMac, “java and xml”, in comp.lang.java.help (Usenet):

(computing, typography) The character |.

Meanings relating to computing.
The character |.


倍

2倍

(typography) a multiple of 全角 (zenkaku, “fullwidth/-height”) or 1 em in Western typography

(typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 88 mils, ⁸⁸⁄₁₀₀₀ in, 8 U (U) and ¹⁄₁₆ 段 (dan)


cardinal

Learned borrowing from Latin cardinālis. Doublet of cardeal, which was inherited.


歯

/pa/ > /ɸa/ > /ha/.
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pa. Cognate with Okinawan 歯 (hā).

(typography) a unit equal to 1 Q (kyū) and 0.25 mm, abbreviated as H; ha is used for spacing, while Q is used for font size


段

Meronym: 行 (gyō, “line”)

段数

段間

(typography) the equivalent to a column in Western layout, but that can be horizontal or vertical depending on the writing direction


段

(typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 1408 mils, ¹⁴⁰⁸⁄₁₀₀₀ in, 128 U (U) and 16 倍 (bai)


bullet

en-noun

bullet (countable and uncountable, plural bullets)

From Middle English bullet (“an official tag or badge of registration or identification”), from Old French bullete, diminutive of boule (“ball”). Later influenced by Middle French boulette and French boulet.

inh

(typography) A printed symbol in the form of a solid circle, “•”, often used to mark items in a list.

odrážka

typography: printed symbol in the form of a solid circle


bullet

head

bullet (plural indefinite bullets, no definite forms)

Borrowed from English bullet, from Middle French [Term?].

(typography) bullet (a printed symbol, e.g. •, used for marking items in a list)


級

級 (canonical)
kyū (romanization)
kifu (romanization)
きふ (hiragana historical)

/kipu/ → /kiɸu/ → */kiwu/ → /kiu/ → /kyuː/.
From Middle Chinese 級 (MC kip).

最上級

最上級 さいじょうきゅう

収束級数

収束級数 しゅうそくきゅうすう

調和級数

調和級数 ちょうわきゅうすう

等差級数

等差級数 とうさきゅうすう

等比級数

等比級数 とうひきゅうすう

無限級数

無限級数 むげんきゅうすう

(typography) a unit equal to 1 H (ha) and 0.25 mm, abbreviated as Q, which happens to be the initial of English quarter; Q is used for font size, while ha is used for spacing


ABC

Like QWERTY, the name is based on the first letter keys.

(computing, typography) A keyboard layout in which all keys are arranged in alphabetical order in English.


號

→ Zhuang: heuh, hauh

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws): phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + semantic 虎 (“tiger”).
Originally an ideogram (指事) of a tiger and a line representing its roar, hence exhaled air while roaring. Later forms added 口 (“mouth”) or 言 (“speech”) to emphasize the act of crying or calling. The original meaning was "to roar; to shout". 号 derives from 口 and the line 丂.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). Compare Kinnauri ku, Anong go, and Burmese ခေါ် (hkau). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to 呼 (hū).
Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, literally "what is called".

Han compound

See also: 字號


graph

Clipping of graphic formula. From 1878; verb from 1889.

A graph is a token-level nondistinctive representation of a grapheme. It can differ from the other variants of its grapheme with regard to upper case, lower case, script, print, typeface style, typeface size, etc.

2003, J. Richard Andrews, Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Revised Edition, University of Oklahoma Press, page 10:

(linguistics, typography) A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.


ampersand

ampersand (nominative singular)
ampersandy (nominative plural)
ampersandu (genitive singular)
ampersandów (genitive plural)
ampersandowi (dative singular)
ampersandom (dative plural)
ampersand (accusative singular)
ampersandy (accusative plural)
ampersandem (instrumental singular)
ampersandami (instrumental plural)
ampersandzie (locative singular)
ampersandach (locative plural)
ampersandzie (singular vocative)
ampersandy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English ampersand. First attested in the 20th century.


(software, publishing, typography) Abbreviation of PostScript Level 2.


em

Attested since 1808. In typography, the em is named after the em quadrat (later called em quad), from m quadrat, a metal type used in letterpress typesetting, which is as wide as the point size of the font.

etymid

name of the Latin script letter _M_, _m_

(typography) A unit of measurement equal to the height of the type in use.


鱗

(typography) serif (on Chinese characters)


bach

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh bach, from Proto-Celtic *bakkos, from Proto-Indo-European *bak-.


hook

sometimes in Northern England and Ireland, otherwise obsolete

From Middle English hoke, from Old English hōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz, variant of *hakô (“hook”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).
Cognates
Compare West Frisian heak, Dutch haak (“hook”)) (compare West Frisian/Dutch hoek (“hook, angle, corner”), Low German Hook, Huuk); also related to hake.

(typography) A diacritical mark shaped like the upper part of a question mark, as in ỏ.

felső kérdőjel

typography: a diacritical mark shaped like the upper part of a question mark: ỏ

Common diacritics in Slavonic language are the hook ˇ (as in haček – Czech for ‘hook’) and the stroke ´ (robić – Polish for ‘do/make’).

2003, Language Issues, XV-XVIII, page 36:

In Czech, palatalization is normally indicated by the symbol ˇ, called haček or “hook.”

2003, David Adams, The Song and Duet Texts of Antonín Dvořák, page 168:

2004, Keesing’s Record of World Events L:i–xii, page unknown
In detailing the proposed shortening of the Czech Republic to Česko…the hook (hacek) erroneously appeared over the letter “e” instead of the “C”.


gras

fr-adj

gras (feminine grasse, masculine plural gras, feminine plural grasses)

grasse (feminine)
gras (masculine plural)
grasses (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old French gras, from Late Latin grassus. Doublet of crasse.


minion

en-noun

minion (countable and uncountable, plural minions)

1490, from Middle French mignon (“lover, royal favourite, darling”), from Old French mignon (“dainty, pleasing, gentle, kind”), from Frankish *minnju (“love, friendship, affection, memory”), from Proto-Germanic *minþijō, *mindijō (“affectionate thought, care”), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”). Doublet of mignon.

der

(uncountable, typography, printing) The size of type between nonpareil and brevier, standardized as 7-point.


slash

Late Middle English, originally a verb of uncertain etymology. Perhaps of imitative origin, or possibly from Old French esclachier (“to break in pieces”), a variant of esclater, which is likely a Germanic borrowing, from Frankish *slaitan (“to slit, tear”).
Used in the Wycliffe Bible as slascht (see 1 Kings 5:18) but otherwise unattested until 16th century. Conjunctive use from various applications of the punctuation mark ⟨/⟩. See also slash fiction.

onomatopoeic

imitative

der

Initial inquiries among professional typists uncover names like slant, slant line, slash, and slash mark. Examination of typing instruction manuals discloses additional names such as diagonal and diagonal mark, and other sources provide the designation oblique.

1965, Dmitri A. Borgmann, Language on Vacation, page 240:

(originally US, typography) The slash mark: the punctuation mark ⟨/⟩.

(often proscribed) Any similar typographical mark, such as the backslash ⟨\⟩.


dash

From Middle English daschen, dassen, from Danish daske (“to slap, strike”), related to Swedish daska (“to smack, slap, spank”), of obscure origin. Compare German tatschen (“to grope, paw”), Old English dwǣsċan (“to quell, put out, destroy, extinguish”). See also dush.

noncog

(typography) Any of the following symbols: ‒ (figure dash), – (en dash), — (em dash), or ― (horizontal bar).


hash

From French hacher (“to chop”), from Middle French hacher, from Old French hacher, from Old French hache (“axe”), from Frankish *happjā (“axe”). Compare also Old English ġehæċċa (“sausage meat”, literally “that which is hacked or chopped up”).

ncog

(typography) The # symbol (octothorpe, pound).


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(typography) Any of various lines used as punctuation or diacritics, such as the pipe ⟨|⟩, fraction bar (as in 12), and strikethrough (as in Ⱥ), formerly (obsolete) including oblique marks such as the slash.


typeface

typefaces (plural)
type face (alternative)

(Technically Aptos and Calibri are typefaces, while a “font” refers to a particular face or size, like italics or boldface. But in practice, “font” is often used as a synonym for “typeface,” including by Microsoft employees interviewed for this article.)

2024 February 28, Victor Mather, “Microsoft Word’s Subtle Typeface Change Affected Millions. Did You Notice?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(typography) The particular design of some type, font, or a font family.


font

→ Thai: ฟอนต์ (fɔ́n)

From Middle French fonte (“act or process of founding or melting; act of producing items from molten metal; cast iron; set of type”) (modern French fonte), either:
* from fondre (“to melt, melt down; to smelt”), from Old French fondre, from Latin fundere, the present active infinitive of fundō (“to pour out; to make by smelting, found”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”); or
* from Late Latin *fundita, a noun use of funditus, a perfect passive participle form of Latin fundō (see above; the classical Latin form is fūsus).

(typography) A set of glyphs of unified design, belonging to one typeface (e.g., Helvetica), style (e.g., italic), and weight (e.g., bold). Usually representing the letters of an alphabet and its supplementary characters.

In metal typesetting, a set of type sorts in one size.

In phototypesetting, a set of patterns forming glyphs of any size, or the film they are stored on.

In digital typesetting, a set of glyphs in a single style, representing one or more alphabets or writing systems, or the computer code representing it.

خَطّ

typesetting: a grouping of consistently-designed glyphs

(originally computing, typography, informal) A typeface.

They bought a license for the Gulliver font and installed that font on several machines.

en:computer file encoding a typeface or subset thereof

(computing, typography, metonymic) A computer file containing the code used to draw and compose the glyphs of one or more typographic fonts on a computer display or printer.


font

fontok (plural)
font (nominative singular)
fontok (nominative plural)
fontot (accusative singular)
fontokat (accusative plural)
fontnak (dative singular)
fontoknak (dative plural)
fonttal (instrumental singular)
fontokkal (instrumental plural)
fontért (causal-final singular)
fontokért (causal-final plural)
fonttá (singular translative)
fontokká (plural translative)
fontig (singular terminative)
fontokig (plural terminative)
fontként (essive-formal singular)
fontokként (essive-formal plural)
fontban (inessive singular)
fontokban (inessive plural)
fonton (singular superessive)
fontokon (plural superessive)
fontnál (adessive singular)
fontoknál (adessive plural)
fontba (illative singular)
fontokba (illative plural)
fontra (singular sublative)
fontokra (plural sublative)
fonthoz (allative singular)
fontokhoz (allative plural)
fontból (elative singular)
fontokból (elative plural)
fontról (delative singular)
fontokról (delative plural)
fonttól (ablative singular)
fontoktól (ablative plural)
fonté (singular)
fontoké (plural)
fontéi (singular)
fontokéi (plural)
fontom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
fontjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
fontod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
fontjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
fontja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
fontjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
fontunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
fontjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
fontotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
fontjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
fontjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
fontjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of fondre (“to melt”), from Latin fundō (“I melt”).

(typography) digital font (set of glyphs of unified design contained in a computer file)


font

font m (definite singular fonten, indefinite plural fonter, definite plural fontene)

fonten (definite singular)
fonter (indefinite plural)
fontene (definite plural)

From Latin fons, via Old Norse fontr (sense 1), and French fonte, via English font (sense 2).


font

font m (definite singular fonten, indefinite plural fontar, definite plural fontane)

fonten (definite singular)
fontar (indefinite plural)
fontane (definite plural)


font

fonturi (plural)
font (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
fontul (accusative definite nominative singular)
fonturi (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
fonturile (accusative definite nominative plural)
font (indefinite singular)
fontului (definite singular)
fonturi (indefinite plural)
fonturilor (definite plural)
fontule (singular vocative)
fonturilor (plural vocative)


font

font (indefinite nominative singular)
fonts (genitive indefinite singular)
fonten (definite nominative singular)
fontens (definite genitive singular)
fonter (indefinite nominative plural)
fonters (genitive indefinite plural)
fonterna (definite nominative plural)
fonternas (definite genitive plural)


shadow

en-noun

shadow (countable and uncountable, plural shadows)

From Middle English schadowe, schadewe, schadwe (also schade > shade), from Old English sċeaduwe, sċeadwe, oblique form of sċeadu (“shadow, shade; darkness; protection”), from Proto-West Germanic *skadu, from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz (“shade, shadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots scaddow, schaddow (“shadow”), Saterland Frisian Skaad (“shade, shadow”), Dutch schaduw (“shadow”), German Schatten (“shadow, shade”), Norwegian skodde (“fog, mist”), Irish scáth (“shadow”), Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos, “darkness, gloom”) (whence English scoto-).

cog

(typography) A drop shadow effect applied to lettering in word processors etc.


glyph

First attested in 1727. Borrowed from French glyphe, from Ancient Greek γλυφή (gluphḗ, “carving”), from γλύφω (glúphō, “I carve, engrave”).

глиф

carved relief representing a sound, word or idea

The grid column header displays a sort glyph indicating an ascending or descending ordering.

(typography, computing) A visual representation of a letter, character, or symbol, in a specific font and style.


question mark

Do you see this curious-looking mark in the margin? It is a little crooked mark with a dot at the bottom of it. It is a question mark. It always comes at the end of questions.

1856, Jacob Abbott, “Lesson V. Questions.”, in Learning to Read. […] (Harper’s Picture Books for the Nursery; The Little Learner), New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, part III (Hard Reading Lessons), page 132:

When you come to a question mark, you must stop and rest. If the question may be answered by yes or no, your voice must rise on the last word before the question mark.

1857, Richard Greene Parker [i.e., Richard Green Parker], J[ames] Madison Watson, “Lesson II. The Interrogation Point.”, in The National Second Reader: […], revised edition, New York, N.Y.: A[lfred] S[mith] Barnes & Co., […], →OCLC, part I (Marks and Pauses), paragraph 4, page 14:

As the relation of the faulted lamprophyre dike to faults 1 to 3 is not known, the intersection of the dike with these faults is shown on plate 13 with question marks.

1954, George C. Hardin, Jr., “[Moore Hill Fault System, Crittenden and Livingston Counties.] Geology.”, in William R. Thurston, George C. Hardin, Jr., Harry J. Klepser, Fluorspar Deposits in Western Kentucky: Part 3 (Geographical Survey Bulletin; 1012-E), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 96:

Fortunately, then, this text in which the play is preserved to us is, in general, substantively good. The quarto's punctuation and lineation, however, are much less reliable than its language. The pointing is not in most respects notably worse than that in comparable publications; but the text is peppered with question marks, the printers either having spilled these among the other marks or run out of periods.

1966, Lawrence J. Ross, “Introduction”, in Cyril Tourneur [now thought to be by Thomas Middleton], edited by Lawrence J. Ross, The Revenger’s Tragedy (Regents Renaissance Drama), Lincoln, Neb., London: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page xxxi:

I would like to comment only on the question mark in the topic – and raise several questions for our discussion hidden within that question mark, questions integral to the ongoing debates since [John] Calvin, integral to the "historically extended and socially embedded argument within the Reformed tradition about the very goods that constitute that tradition" (adapting Alasdair MacIntyre's description of a living tradition).

2009, Dirk J. Smit, “On Self-love: Impulses from Calvin and Calvinism on Life in Society?”, in Robert Vosloo, editor, Essays on Being Reformed: Collected Essays 3, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa: SUN MeDIA Stellenbosch, →ISBN, part 4 (Contemporary Challenges), page 493:

The waitress, [...] places my coffee beside my notebook then stops to gawp at what I've written and a deep frown forms between her unplucked eyebrows. She stares at the initials, the connecting lines, the question marks, the circles. I see them as she sees them: a load of rubbish, fanciful nonsense from a person who has watched one too many cop shows.

2015, Dorothy Koomson, “Smitty”, in That Girl from Nowhere, London: Arrow Books, Penguin Random House, published 2016, →ISBN, page 415:

(typography) The punctuation mark "?", used at the end of a sentence to indicate a question.

ܫܘܼܘܕܵܥܵܐ ܕܫܘܼܐܵܠܵܐ

šuwdāʿā d-šuʾālā


virgule

Borrowed from Middle French virgule, from Latin virgula (“twig; scratch comma”), from virga (“rod, branch”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix). Doublet of virgula.

Other Chaucerian manuscripts had the virgule (or virgil or oblique: /) at the middle of lines.

1990, John McDermott, Punctuation for Now, page 20:

(typography, obsolete or historical) A medieval punctuation mark similar to the slash ⟨/⟩ or pipe ⟨|⟩ and used as a scratch comma and caesura mark.

(typography, dated) A slash, ⟨/⟩ or ⟨／⟩.

A slash, ⟨/⟩ or ⟨／⟩.
Used to mark line breaks within quotes.

(typography, dated) A pipe, ⟨|⟩.
(poetry) Used to mark metrical feet.

A pipe, ⟨|⟩.
Used to mark metrical feet.


Gothic

en-adj

Gothic (comparative more Gothic, superlative most Gothic)

more Gothic (comparative)
most Gothic (superlative)
gothic (alternative)
Gothick (alternative obsolete)
goffick (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gothic.wav

From Late Latin gothicus (“Gothic, barbaric”), from Ancient Greek Γοτθικός (Gotthikós), from Ancient Greek Γότθοι (Gótthoi, “Goths”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”), proposed to derive from unattested Gothic *𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰 (*guta). Equivalent to Goth + -ic. The various usages of the adjective are introduced nearly simultaneously in the first half of the 17th century. The literal meaning “of the Goths” is found in the 1611 preface of the King James Bible, in reference to the Gothicke tongue. The generalized meaning of “Germanic, Teutonic” appears in the 1640s. Reference to the medieval period in Western Europe, and specifically the architecture of that period (“barbaric style”, initially a term of abuse), also appears in the 1640s, as does reference to “Gothic characters” or “Gothic letters” in typography.

готически

of the type formerly used for printing German

Gothic letters

black letter
black letter#English:_typography

(typography, England) Synonym of black letter.

(typography, US) Of a sans serif typeface using straight, even-width lines, also known as grotesque or lineal.


type

→ Polish: typ

→ Romanian: tip

→ Persian: تیپ (tip)

→ Turkish: tip

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin typus, from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos).


sort

From Middle English sort, soort, sorte (cognate Dutch soort, German Sorte, Danish sort, Swedish sort), borrowed from Old French sorte (“class, kind”), from Latin sortem, accusative form of sors (“lot, fate, share, rank, category”).

Green managed to recover a total of 151 sorts (the name for individual pieces of type) out of a possible 500,000.

2024 May 5, Holly Black, “Remnants of a Legendary Typeface Have Been Rescued From the River Thames”, in artnet:

(typography) A piece of metal type used to print one letter, character, or symbol in a particular size and style.


bracket

From earlier bragget, *bracket, from Middle English *braget, *braket (attested in braket nail), from Old French braguette (“the opening in the fore part of a pair of breeches, one's fly”), a diminutive of Old French brague (“knickers, britches”), from Old Occitan braga, from Latin brāca (“pants”), from Transalpine Gaulish *brāca, from Proto-Germanic *brāks, an early form of Proto-Germanic *brōks (“leggings, breeches, trousers”).

kllapë

generically any of “(”, “)”, “[”, “]”, “{”, “}”, “⟨”, “⟩”, “<”, “>”, etc.

(typography) The small curved or angular corner formed by a serif and a stroke in a letter.


form

nb-noun-c

form f or m (definite singular forma or formen, indefinite plural former, definite plural formene)

forma (definite singular)
formen (definite singular)
former (indefinite plural)
formene (definite plural)

From Old Norse form, from Latin fōrma (“form; figure, shape”), perhaps from Etruscan *morma, from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, form”), possibly of Pre-Greek origin.

der

a form, mold (a hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance)

(typography) a printing form (an object, usually in the shape of a block or a plate, used in printing to apply ink on the printed surface)


roman

In some early printed Bibles quoted text is indicated by changing the font from roman to italic.

2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 48:

(of type, typography) Upright, as opposed to italic.

(of text, typography, computing) Of or related to the Latin alphabet or roman numerals.


roman

(typography) One of the main three types used for the Latin alphabet (the others being italics and blackletter), in which the ascenders are mostly straight.


roman

id-adj

roman (comparative lebih roman, superlative paling roman)

lebih roman (comparative)
paling roman (superlative)


sans

From Middle English saunz, sans, borrowed from Old French sans, senz, sens, from Latin sine (“without”) conflated with absēns (“absent, remote”). Compare French sans, Italian senza, Portuguese sem, and Spanish sin.


puce

Inherited from Old French puce, pulce, from Latin pūlicem, from Proto-Indo-European *plúsis (“flea”).


ellipsis

en-noun

ellipsis (countable and uncountable, plural ellipses)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ellīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis, “omission”). Doublet of ellipse.

der

The ellipsis in 1, 2, 3, ..., 7, 8 means that the numbers 4, 5, and 6 are not explicitly included, but are considered to be a part of the pattern.

The ellipsis in 0.333... means that the number is a repeating decimal, having threes that go on forever.

CARD: Hey Baby. Thanks for the … last night. Love you!
HAZEL: Wow. I've never despised an ellipsis so much in my life.

2006, Danielle Corsetto, Girls with Slingshots: 114:

(typography, mathematics) A mark consisting of multiple full stops (with or without spaces), used to indicate omitted, missing, or illegible words; or (in mathematics) that a pattern continues.


iso

fi-adj

iso (comparative isompi, superlative isoin)

isompi (comparative)
isoin (superlative)
iso (nominative singular)
isot (nominative plural)
iso (accusative nominative singular)
isot (accusative nominative plural)
ison (accusative genitive singular)
isot (accusative genitive plural)
ison (genitive singular)
isojen (genitive plural)
isoa (partitive singular)
isoja (partitive plural)
isossa (inessive singular)
isoissa (inessive plural)
isosta (elative singular)
isoista (elative plural)
isoon (illative singular)
isoihin (illative plural)
isolla (adessive singular)
isoilla (adessive plural)
isolta (ablative singular)
isoilta (ablative plural)
isolle (allative singular)
isoille (allative plural)
isona (essive singular)
isoina (essive plural)
isoksi (singular translative)
isoiksi (plural translative)
isotta (abessive singular)
isoitta (abessive plural)
isoin (instructive plural)
isoine (comitative plural)
isoni (nominative singular)
isoni (nominative plural)
isoni (accusative nominative singular)
isoni (accusative nominative plural)
isoni (accusative genitive singular)
isoni (accusative genitive plural)
isoni (genitive singular)
isojeni (genitive plural)
isoani (partitive singular)
isojani (partitive plural)
isossani (inessive singular)
isoissani (inessive plural)
isostani (elative singular)
isoistani (elative plural)
isooni (illative singular)
isoihini (illative plural)
isollani (adessive singular)
isoillani (adessive plural)
isoltani (ablative singular)
isoiltani (ablative plural)
isolleni (allative singular)
isoilleni (allative plural)
isonani (essive singular)
isoinani (essive plural)
isokseni (singular translative)
isoikseni (plural translative)
isottani (abessive singular)
isoittani (abessive plural)
isoineni (comitative plural)
isosi (nominative singular)
isosi (nominative plural)
isosi (accusative nominative singular)
isosi (accusative nominative plural)
isosi (accusative genitive singular)
isosi (accusative genitive plural)
isosi (genitive singular)
isojesi (genitive plural)
isoasi (partitive singular)
isojasi (partitive plural)
isossasi (inessive singular)
isoissasi (inessive plural)
isostasi (elative singular)
isoistasi (elative plural)
isoosi (illative singular)
isoihisi (illative plural)
isollasi (adessive singular)
isoillasi (adessive plural)
isoltasi (ablative singular)
isoiltasi (ablative plural)
isollesi (allative singular)
isoillesi (allative plural)
isonasi (essive singular)
isoinasi (essive plural)
isoksesi (singular translative)
isoiksesi (plural translative)
isottasi (abessive singular)
isoittasi (abessive plural)
isoinesi (comitative plural)
isomme (nominative singular)
isomme (nominative plural)
isomme (accusative nominative singular)
isomme (accusative nominative plural)
isomme (accusative genitive singular)
isomme (accusative genitive plural)
isomme (genitive singular)
isojemme (genitive plural)
isoamme (partitive singular)
isojamme (partitive plural)
isossamme (inessive singular)
isoissamme (inessive plural)
isostamme (elative singular)
isoistamme (elative plural)
isoomme (illative singular)
isoihimme (illative plural)
isollamme (adessive singular)
isoillamme (adessive plural)
isoltamme (ablative singular)
isoiltamme (ablative plural)
isollemme (allative singular)
isoillemme (allative plural)
isonamme (essive singular)
isoinamme (essive plural)
isoksemme (singular translative)
isoiksemme (plural translative)
isottamme (abessive singular)
isoittamme (abessive plural)
isoinemme (comitative plural)
isonne (nominative singular)
isonne (nominative plural)
isonne (accusative nominative singular)
isonne (accusative nominative plural)
isonne (accusative genitive singular)
isonne (accusative genitive plural)
isonne (genitive singular)
isojenne (genitive plural)
isoanne (partitive singular)
isojanne (partitive plural)
isossanne (inessive singular)
isoissanne (inessive plural)
isostanne (elative singular)
isoistanne (elative plural)
isoonne (illative singular)
isoihinne (illative plural)
isollanne (adessive singular)
isoillanne (adessive plural)
isoltanne (ablative singular)
isoiltanne (ablative plural)
isollenne (allative singular)
isoillenne (allative plural)
isonanne (essive singular)
isoinanne (essive plural)
isoksenne (singular translative)
isoiksenne (plural translative)
isottanne (abessive singular)
isoittanne (abessive plural)
isoinenne (comitative plural)
isonsa (nominative singular)
isonsa (nominative plural)
isonsa (accusative nominative singular)
isonsa (accusative nominative plural)
isonsa (accusative genitive singular)
isonsa (accusative genitive plural)
isonsa (genitive singular)
isojensa (genitive plural)
isoaan (partitive singular)
isoansa (partitive singular)
isojaan (partitive plural)
isojansa (partitive plural)
isossaan (inessive singular)
isossansa (inessive singular)
isoissaan (inessive plural)
isoissansa (inessive plural)
isostaan (elative singular)
isostansa (elative singular)
isoistaan (elative plural)
isoistansa (elative plural)
isoonsa (illative singular)
isoihinsa (illative plural)
isollaan (adessive singular)
isollansa (adessive singular)
isoillaan (adessive plural)
isoillansa (adessive plural)
isoltaan (ablative singular)
isoltansa (ablative singular)
isoiltaan (ablative plural)
isoiltansa (ablative plural)
isolleen (allative singular)
isollensa (allative singular)
isoilleen (allative plural)
isoillensa (allative plural)
isonaan (essive singular)
isonansa (essive singular)
isoinaan (essive plural)
isoinansa (essive plural)
isokseen (singular translative)
isoksensa (singular translative)
isoikseen (plural translative)
isoiksensa (plural translative)
isottaan (abessive singular)
isottansa (abessive singular)
isoittaan (abessive plural)
isoittansa (abessive plural)
isoineen (comitative plural)
isoinensa (comitative plural)

iso kirjain

(typography) capital, uppercase, majuscule


paksu

paksump (comparative)
paksu (nominative singular)
paksut (nominative plural)
paksun (genitive singular)
paksuin (genitive plural)
paksuloin (genitive plural)
paksua (partitive singular)
paksuja (partitive plural)
paksuloja (partitive plural)
paksuu (illative singular)
paksui (illative plural)
paksuloihe (illative plural)
paksuus (inessive singular)
paksuis (inessive plural)
paksulois (inessive plural)
paksust (elative singular)
paksuist (elative plural)
paksuloist (elative plural)
paksulle (allative singular)
paksuille (allative plural)
paksuloille (allative plural)
paksuul (adessive singular)
paksuil (adessive plural)
paksuloil (adessive plural)
paksult (ablative singular)
paksuilt (ablative plural)
paksuloilt (ablative plural)
paksuks (singular translative)
paksuiks (plural translative)
paksuloiks (plural translative)
paksunna (essive singular)
paksuun (essive singular)
paksuinna (essive plural)
paksuloinna (essive plural)
paksuin (essive plural)
paksuloin (essive plural)
paksunt (exessive singular)
paksuint (exessive plural)
paksuloint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *paksu. Cognates include Finnish paksu and Estonian paks.

Paksuul șriftaal painetut format, niku jo oli saottu, ollaa otettu kirjakeelen formaks.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 14:

The forms printed in the bold print, like was already said, have been taken into the forms of the written language.


copy

copies (plural)
coppy (alternative)
coppie (alternative)
copie (alternative)

Etymology tree
Middle English copy
English copy
From Middle English copy, copie, from Old French copie (“abundance, plenty; transcript, copy”), from Medieval Latin copia (“reproduction, transcript”), from Latin cōpia (“plenty, abundance”), from *coopia, from co- (“together”) + ops (“wealth, riches”). More at opulent.

ру́копись

для сда́чи в печа́ть

материа́л

для статьи́, заме́тки, книги, публика́ции

en:text that is to be typeset or similarly prepared and published

en:output of copywriters, as marketing or advertising matter

(typography, journalism, publishing) The text (words, content) that is to be typeset or similarly prepared and published.

(marketing, advertising) The output of copywriters, who are employed to write material which encourages consumers to buy goods or services.

Submit all copy to the appropriate editor.

(uncountable) The text to be set into newspaper articles, magazine pages, or similar.

This organization doesn't publish any copy that hasn't been edited by a good copy editor.


diagonal

backslash

antonym(s) of “oblique punctuation mark”

/daɪˈæɡənəl/

/dɑɪˈæɡ.ə.nəl/

From Middle French diagonal, from Latin diagōnālis, from Ancient Greek διαγώνιος (diagṓnios, “from angle to angle”), from διά (diá, “across”) + γωνία (gōnía, “angle”).

диагонал

something forming or resembling a diagonal line

Initial inquiries among professional typists uncover names like slant, slant line, slash, and slash mark. Examination of typing instruction manuals discloses additional names such as diagonal and diagonal mark, and other sources provide the designation oblique.

Anything forming or resembling such a line, particularly:

(typography, uncommon) Synonym of slash ⟨/⟩.


serif

From earlier ceriph, ceref, of obscure derivation. There are two (not directly interrelated) candidates for a possible Dutch origin: 1.) the noun schreef (“stroke”, now also “serif” as a semantic loan), related with schrapen (“to scrape”); and 2.) the verb schrafferen (“to provide with horizontal lines, to shade”), from Italian sgraffiare. For the latter, compare German Schraffe (“serif”), although this again may be a semantic loan based on the English word rather than original to it. Alternatively, from Late Latin cerificus (“waxen”), from Latin cera (“wax”), after the ruled lines used in writing on wax tablets.

It is generally believed, by those who study such things, that serif typefaces are easier to read when reading a lot of words. The hickeys (serifs) on each letter tend to push our eye toward the next letter.

2018, Paul W. Ross, Revival: The Handbook of Software for Engineers and Scientists:

(typography) A short line added to the end of a stroke in traditional typefaces, such as Times New Roman.


serif

(typography) Of a typeface, provided with serifs.


pagina

Borrowed from Latin pāgina (“page, sheet”). First attested in 1659.

bor+

Ett måhända kuriöst tecken på denna ambition är att sidorna är försedda med dubbla pagina, så att man också kan se vilken sida i originalen som återges.

2013, Anders Olsson, Konsten att ge ut Gunnar Björlings skrifter, page 10:

A perhaps curious sign of this ambition is that the pages are provided with double page numbers, so that one can also see which page of the original is being reproduced.


agate

en-noun

agate (countable and uncountable, plural agates)

From Middle French agathe, from Latin achatēs, from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs, “agate”).

(countable, typography) One fourteenth of an inch.


vertex

Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin vertex (“whirl, eddy; top, crown, peak, summit”). Doublet of vortex.

der

Mathworld article on vertices of polyhedra

Mathworld article on vertices of polygons

(typography) A sharp downward point opposite a crotch, as in the letters "V" and "W" but not "Y".


ornament

ornament (nominative singular)
ornamenty (nominative plural)
ornamentu (genitive singular)
ornamentów (genitive plural)
ornamentowi (dative singular)
ornamentom (dative plural)
ornament (accusative singular)
ornamenty (accusative plural)
ornamentem (instrumental singular)
ornamentami (instrumental plural)
ornamencie (locative singular)
ornamentach (locative plural)
ornamencie (singular vocative)
ornamenty (plural vocative)

→ Ukrainian: орна́мент (ornáment)

Learned borrowing from Latin ōrnāmentum.

(architecture, art, typography) ornament, adornment


tähti

tähti (nominative singular)
tähdet (nominative plural)
tähti (accusative nominative singular)
tähdet (accusative nominative plural)
tähden (accusative genitive singular)
tähdet (accusative genitive plural)
tähden (genitive singular)
tähtien (genitive plural)
tähteä (partitive singular)
tähtiä (partitive plural)
tähdessä (inessive singular)
tähdissä (inessive plural)
tähdestä (elative singular)
tähdistä (elative plural)
tähteen (illative singular)
tähtiin (illative plural)
tähdellä (adessive singular)
tähdillä (adessive plural)
tähdeltä (ablative singular)
tähdiltä (ablative plural)
tähdelle (allative singular)
tähdille (allative plural)
tähtenä (essive singular)
tähtinä (essive plural)
tähdeksi (singular translative)
tähdiksi (plural translative)
tähdettä (abessive singular)
tähdittä (abessive plural)
tähdin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
tähteni (nominative singular)
tähteni (nominative plural)
tähteni (accusative nominative singular)
tähteni (accusative nominative plural)
tähteni (accusative genitive singular)
tähteni (accusative genitive plural)
tähteni (genitive singular)
tähtieni (genitive plural)
tähteäni (partitive singular)
tähtiäni (partitive plural)
tähdessäni (inessive singular)
tähdissäni (inessive plural)
tähdestäni (elative singular)
tähdistäni (elative plural)
tähteeni (illative singular)
tähtiini (illative plural)
tähdelläni (adessive singular)
tähdilläni (adessive plural)
tähdeltäni (ablative singular)
tähdiltäni (ablative plural)
tähdelleni (allative singular)
tähdilleni (allative plural)
tähtenäni (essive singular)
tähtinäni (essive plural)
tähdekseni (singular translative)
tähdikseni (plural translative)
tähdettäni (abessive singular)
tähdittäni (abessive plural)
tähtineni (comitative plural)
tähtesi (nominative singular)
tähtesi (nominative plural)
tähtesi (accusative nominative singular)
tähtesi (accusative nominative plural)
tähtesi (accusative genitive singular)
tähtesi (accusative genitive plural)
tähtesi (genitive singular)
tähtiesi (genitive plural)
tähteäsi (partitive singular)
tähtiäsi (partitive plural)
tähdessäsi (inessive singular)
tähdissäsi (inessive plural)
tähdestäsi (elative singular)
tähdistäsi (elative plural)
tähteesi (illative singular)
tähtiisi (illative plural)
tähdelläsi (adessive singular)
tähdilläsi (adessive plural)
tähdeltäsi (ablative singular)
tähdiltäsi (ablative plural)
tähdellesi (allative singular)
tähdillesi (allative plural)
tähtenäsi (essive singular)
tähtinäsi (essive plural)
tähdeksesi (singular translative)
tähdiksesi (plural translative)
tähdettäsi (abessive singular)
tähdittäsi (abessive plural)
tähtinesi (comitative plural)
tähtemme (nominative singular)
tähtemme (nominative plural)
tähtemme (accusative nominative singular)
tähtemme (accusative nominative plural)
tähtemme (accusative genitive singular)
tähtemme (accusative genitive plural)
tähtemme (genitive singular)
tähtiemme (genitive plural)
tähteämme (partitive singular)
tähtiämme (partitive plural)
tähdessämme (inessive singular)
tähdissämme (inessive plural)
tähdestämme (elative singular)
tähdistämme (elative plural)
tähteemme (illative singular)
tähtiimme (illative plural)
tähdellämme (adessive singular)
tähdillämme (adessive plural)
tähdeltämme (ablative singular)
tähdiltämme (ablative plural)
tähdellemme (allative singular)
tähdillemme (allative plural)
tähtenämme (essive singular)
tähtinämme (essive plural)
tähdeksemme (singular translative)
tähdiksemme (plural translative)
tähdettämme (abessive singular)
tähdittämme (abessive plural)
tähtinemme (comitative plural)
tähtenne (nominative singular)
tähtenne (nominative plural)
tähtenne (accusative nominative singular)
tähtenne (accusative nominative plural)
tähtenne (accusative genitive singular)
tähtenne (accusative genitive plural)
tähtenne (genitive singular)
tähtienne (genitive plural)
tähteänne (partitive singular)
tähtiänne (partitive plural)
tähdessänne (inessive singular)
tähdissänne (inessive plural)
tähdestänne (elative singular)
tähdistänne (elative plural)
tähteenne (illative singular)
tähtiinne (illative plural)
tähdellänne (adessive singular)
tähdillänne (adessive plural)
tähdeltänne (ablative singular)
tähdiltänne (ablative plural)
tähdellenne (allative singular)
tähdillenne (allative plural)
tähtenänne (essive singular)
tähtinänne (essive plural)
tähdeksenne (singular translative)
tähdiksenne (plural translative)
tähdettänne (abessive singular)
tähdittänne (abessive plural)
tähtinenne (comitative plural)
tähtensä (nominative singular)
tähtensä (nominative plural)
tähtensä (accusative nominative singular)
tähtensä (accusative nominative plural)
tähtensä (accusative genitive singular)
tähtensä (accusative genitive plural)
tähtensä (genitive singular)
tähtiensä (genitive plural)
tähteään (partitive singular)
tähteänsä (partitive singular)
tähtiään (partitive plural)
tähtiänsä (partitive plural)
tähdessään (inessive singular)
tähdessänsä (inessive singular)
tähdissään (inessive plural)
tähdissänsä (inessive plural)
tähdestään (elative singular)
tähdestänsä (elative singular)
tähdistään (elative plural)
tähdistänsä (elative plural)
tähteensä (illative singular)
tähtiinsä (illative plural)
tähdellään (adessive singular)
tähdellänsä (adessive singular)
tähdillään (adessive plural)
tähdillänsä (adessive plural)
tähdeltään (ablative singular)
tähdeltänsä (ablative singular)
tähdiltään (ablative plural)
tähdiltänsä (ablative plural)
tähdelleen (allative singular)
tähdellensä (allative singular)
tähdilleen (allative plural)
tähdillensä (allative plural)
tähtenään (essive singular)
tähtenänsä (essive singular)
tähtinään (essive plural)
tähtinänsä (essive plural)
tähdekseen (singular translative)
tähdeksensä (singular translative)
tähdikseen (plural translative)
tähdiksensä (plural translative)
tähdettään (abessive singular)
tähdettänsä (abessive singular)
tähdittään (abessive plural)
tähdittänsä (abessive plural)
tähtineen (comitative plural)
tähtinensä (comitative plural)

Kven: tähti

From Proto-Finnic *tähti, from Proto-Finno-Permic *täštä. Cognate to Karelian tähti, Estonian täht and Erzya теште (tešte). Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English star.


ympyrä

ympyrä (nominative singular)
ympyrät (nominative plural)
ympyrä (accusative nominative singular)
ympyrät (accusative nominative plural)
ympyrän (accusative genitive singular)
ympyrät (accusative genitive plural)
ympyrän (genitive singular)
ympyröiden (genitive plural)
ympyröitten (genitive plural)
ympyräin (genitive plural rare)
ympyrää (partitive singular)
ympyröitä (partitive plural)
ympyrässä (inessive singular)
ympyröissä (inessive plural)
ympyrästä (elative singular)
ympyröistä (elative plural)
ympyrään (illative singular)
ympyröihin (illative plural)
ympyrällä (adessive singular)
ympyröillä (adessive plural)
ympyrältä (ablative singular)
ympyröiltä (ablative plural)
ympyrälle (allative singular)
ympyröille (allative plural)
ympyränä (essive singular)
ympyröinä (essive plural)
ympyräksi (singular translative)
ympyröiksi (plural translative)
ympyrättä (abessive singular)
ympyröittä (abessive plural)
ympyröin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
ympyräni (nominative singular)
ympyräni (nominative plural)
ympyräni (accusative nominative singular)
ympyräni (accusative nominative plural)
ympyräni (accusative genitive singular)
ympyräni (accusative genitive plural)
ympyräni (genitive singular)
ympyröideni (genitive plural)
ympyröitteni (genitive plural)
ympyräini (genitive plural rare)
ympyrääni (partitive singular)
ympyröitäni (partitive plural)
ympyrässäni (inessive singular)
ympyröissäni (inessive plural)
ympyrästäni (elative singular)
ympyröistäni (elative plural)
ympyrääni (illative singular)
ympyröihini (illative plural)
ympyrälläni (adessive singular)
ympyröilläni (adessive plural)
ympyrältäni (ablative singular)
ympyröiltäni (ablative plural)
ympyrälleni (allative singular)
ympyröilleni (allative plural)
ympyränäni (essive singular)
ympyröinäni (essive plural)
ympyräkseni (singular translative)
ympyröikseni (plural translative)
ympyrättäni (abessive singular)
ympyröittäni (abessive plural)
ympyröineni (comitative plural)
ympyräsi (nominative singular)
ympyräsi (nominative plural)
ympyräsi (accusative nominative singular)
ympyräsi (accusative nominative plural)
ympyräsi (accusative genitive singular)
ympyräsi (accusative genitive plural)
ympyräsi (genitive singular)
ympyröidesi (genitive plural)
ympyröittesi (genitive plural)
ympyräisi (genitive plural rare)
ympyrääsi (partitive singular)
ympyröitäsi (partitive plural)
ympyrässäsi (inessive singular)
ympyröissäsi (inessive plural)
ympyrästäsi (elative singular)
ympyröistäsi (elative plural)
ympyrääsi (illative singular)
ympyröihisi (illative plural)
ympyrälläsi (adessive singular)
ympyröilläsi (adessive plural)
ympyrältäsi (ablative singular)
ympyröiltäsi (ablative plural)
ympyrällesi (allative singular)
ympyröillesi (allative plural)
ympyränäsi (essive singular)
ympyröinäsi (essive plural)
ympyräksesi (singular translative)
ympyröiksesi (plural translative)
ympyrättäsi (abessive singular)
ympyröittäsi (abessive plural)
ympyröinesi (comitative plural)
ympyrämme (nominative singular)
ympyrämme (nominative plural)
ympyrämme (accusative nominative singular)
ympyrämme (accusative nominative plural)
ympyrämme (accusative genitive singular)
ympyrämme (accusative genitive plural)
ympyrämme (genitive singular)
ympyröidemme (genitive plural)
ympyröittemme (genitive plural)
ympyräimme (genitive plural rare)
ympyräämme (partitive singular)
ympyröitämme (partitive plural)
ympyrässämme (inessive singular)
ympyröissämme (inessive plural)
ympyrästämme (elative singular)
ympyröistämme (elative plural)
ympyräämme (illative singular)
ympyröihimme (illative plural)
ympyrällämme (adessive singular)
ympyröillämme (adessive plural)
ympyrältämme (ablative singular)
ympyröiltämme (ablative plural)
ympyrällemme (allative singular)
ympyröillemme (allative plural)
ympyränämme (essive singular)
ympyröinämme (essive plural)
ympyräksemme (singular translative)
ympyröiksemme (plural translative)
ympyrättämme (abessive singular)
ympyröittämme (abessive plural)
ympyröinemme (comitative plural)
ympyränne (nominative singular)
ympyränne (nominative plural)
ympyränne (accusative nominative singular)
ympyränne (accusative nominative plural)
ympyränne (accusative genitive singular)
ympyränne (accusative genitive plural)
ympyränne (genitive singular)
ympyröidenne (genitive plural)
ympyröittenne (genitive plural)
ympyräinne (genitive plural rare)
ympyräänne (partitive singular)
ympyröitänne (partitive plural)
ympyrässänne (inessive singular)
ympyröissänne (inessive plural)
ympyrästänne (elative singular)
ympyröistänne (elative plural)
ympyräänne (illative singular)
ympyröihinne (illative plural)
ympyrällänne (adessive singular)
ympyröillänne (adessive plural)
ympyrältänne (ablative singular)
ympyröiltänne (ablative plural)
ympyrällenne (allative singular)
ympyröillenne (allative plural)
ympyränänne (essive singular)
ympyröinänne (essive plural)
ympyräksenne (singular translative)
ympyröiksenne (plural translative)
ympyrättänne (abessive singular)
ympyröittänne (abessive plural)
ympyröinenne (comitative plural)
ympyränsä (nominative singular)
ympyränsä (nominative plural)
ympyränsä (accusative nominative singular)
ympyränsä (accusative nominative plural)
ympyränsä (accusative genitive singular)
ympyränsä (accusative genitive plural)
ympyränsä (genitive singular)
ympyröidensä (genitive plural)
ympyröittensä (genitive plural)
ympyräinsä (genitive plural rare)
ympyräänsä (partitive singular)
ympyröitään (partitive plural)
ympyröitänsä (partitive plural)
ympyrässään (inessive singular)
ympyrässänsä (inessive singular)
ympyröissään (inessive plural)
ympyröissänsä (inessive plural)
ympyrästään (elative singular)
ympyrästänsä (elative singular)
ympyröistään (elative plural)
ympyröistänsä (elative plural)
ympyräänsä (illative singular)
ympyröihinsä (illative plural)
ympyrällään (adessive singular)
ympyrällänsä (adessive singular)
ympyröillään (adessive plural)
ympyröillänsä (adessive plural)
ympyrältään (ablative singular)
ympyrältänsä (ablative singular)
ympyröiltään (ablative plural)
ympyröiltänsä (ablative plural)
ympyrälleen (allative singular)
ympyrällensä (allative singular)
ympyröilleen (allative plural)
ympyröillensä (allative plural)
ympyränään (essive singular)
ympyränänsä (essive singular)
ympyröinään (essive plural)
ympyröinänsä (essive plural)
ympyräkseen (singular translative)
ympyräksensä (singular translative)
ympyröikseen (plural translative)
ympyröiksensä (plural translative)
ympyrättään (abessive singular)
ympyrättänsä (abessive singular)
ympyröittään (abessive plural)
ympyröittänsä (abessive plural)
ympyröineen (comitative plural)
ympyröinensä (comitative plural)

Coined by Finnish physician and translator Wolmar Schildt in 1835 as a shortening (perhaps back-formation) of the dialectal terms ympyriäinen, ymmyrkäinen (“round”), ultimately from ympäri. The -ä- in ympäri- has turned into an -y- in these derivatives and thus in ympyrä as well, probably by influence from the preceding sounds (labial ymm-, ymp-). Arguably analyzable as ymp- + -yrä.


piste

piste (nominative singular)
pisteet (nominative plural)
piste (accusative nominative singular)
pisteet (accusative nominative plural)
pisteen (accusative genitive singular)
pisteet (accusative genitive plural)
pisteen (genitive singular)
pisteiden (genitive plural)
pisteitten (genitive plural)
pistettä (partitive singular)
pisteitä (partitive plural)
pisteessä (inessive singular)
pisteissä (inessive plural)
pisteestä (elative singular)
pisteistä (elative plural)
pisteeseen (illative singular)
pisteisiin (illative plural)
pisteihin (illative plural)
pisteellä (adessive singular)
pisteillä (adessive plural)
pisteeltä (ablative singular)
pisteiltä (ablative plural)
pisteelle (allative singular)
pisteille (allative plural)
pisteenä (essive singular)
pisteinä (essive plural)
pisteeksi (singular translative)
pisteiksi (plural translative)
pisteettä (abessive singular)
pisteittä (abessive plural)
pistein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
pisteeni (nominative singular)
pisteeni (nominative plural)
pisteeni (accusative nominative singular)
pisteeni (accusative nominative plural)
pisteeni (accusative genitive singular)
pisteeni (accusative genitive plural)
pisteeni (genitive singular)
pisteideni (genitive plural)
pisteitteni (genitive plural)
pistettäni (partitive singular)
pisteitäni (partitive plural)
pisteessäni (inessive singular)
pisteissäni (inessive plural)
pisteestäni (elative singular)
pisteistäni (elative plural)
pisteeseeni (illative singular)
pisteisiini (illative plural)
pisteihini (illative plural)
pisteelläni (adessive singular)
pisteilläni (adessive plural)
pisteeltäni (ablative singular)
pisteiltäni (ablative plural)
pisteelleni (allative singular)
pisteilleni (allative plural)
pisteenäni (essive singular)
pisteinäni (essive plural)
pisteekseni (singular translative)
pisteikseni (plural translative)
pisteettäni (abessive singular)
pisteittäni (abessive plural)
pisteineni (comitative plural)
pisteesi (nominative singular)
pisteesi (nominative plural)
pisteesi (accusative nominative singular)
pisteesi (accusative nominative plural)
pisteesi (accusative genitive singular)
pisteesi (accusative genitive plural)
pisteesi (genitive singular)
pisteidesi (genitive plural)
pisteittesi (genitive plural)
pistettäsi (partitive singular)
pisteitäsi (partitive plural)
pisteessäsi (inessive singular)
pisteissäsi (inessive plural)
pisteestäsi (elative singular)
pisteistäsi (elative plural)
pisteeseesi (illative singular)
pisteisiisi (illative plural)
pisteihisi (illative plural)
pisteelläsi (adessive singular)
pisteilläsi (adessive plural)
pisteeltäsi (ablative singular)
pisteiltäsi (ablative plural)
pisteellesi (allative singular)
pisteillesi (allative plural)
pisteenäsi (essive singular)
pisteinäsi (essive plural)
pisteeksesi (singular translative)
pisteiksesi (plural translative)
pisteettäsi (abessive singular)
pisteittäsi (abessive plural)
pisteinesi (comitative plural)
pisteemme (nominative singular)
pisteemme (nominative plural)
pisteemme (accusative nominative singular)
pisteemme (accusative nominative plural)
pisteemme (accusative genitive singular)
pisteemme (accusative genitive plural)
pisteemme (genitive singular)
pisteidemme (genitive plural)
pisteittemme (genitive plural)
pistettämme (partitive singular)
pisteitämme (partitive plural)
pisteessämme (inessive singular)
pisteissämme (inessive plural)
pisteestämme (elative singular)
pisteistämme (elative plural)
pisteeseemme (illative singular)
pisteisiimme (illative plural)
pisteihimme (illative plural)
pisteellämme (adessive singular)
pisteillämme (adessive plural)
pisteeltämme (ablative singular)
pisteiltämme (ablative plural)
pisteellemme (allative singular)
pisteillemme (allative plural)
pisteenämme (essive singular)
pisteinämme (essive plural)
pisteeksemme (singular translative)
pisteiksemme (plural translative)
pisteettämme (abessive singular)
pisteittämme (abessive plural)
pisteinemme (comitative plural)
pisteenne (nominative singular)
pisteenne (nominative plural)
pisteenne (accusative nominative singular)
pisteenne (accusative nominative plural)
pisteenne (accusative genitive singular)
pisteenne (accusative genitive plural)
pisteenne (genitive singular)
pisteidenne (genitive plural)
pisteittenne (genitive plural)
pistettänne (partitive singular)
pisteitänne (partitive plural)
pisteessänne (inessive singular)
pisteissänne (inessive plural)
pisteestänne (elative singular)
pisteistänne (elative plural)
pisteeseenne (illative singular)
pisteisiinne (illative plural)
pisteihinne (illative plural)
pisteellänne (adessive singular)
pisteillänne (adessive plural)
pisteeltänne (ablative singular)
pisteiltänne (ablative plural)
pisteellenne (allative singular)
pisteillenne (allative plural)
pisteenänne (essive singular)
pisteinänne (essive plural)
pisteeksenne (singular translative)
pisteiksenne (plural translative)
pisteettänne (abessive singular)
pisteittänne (abessive plural)
pisteinenne (comitative plural)
pisteensä (nominative singular)
pisteensä (nominative plural)
pisteensä (accusative nominative singular)
pisteensä (accusative nominative plural)
pisteensä (accusative genitive singular)
pisteensä (accusative genitive plural)
pisteensä (genitive singular)
pisteidensä (genitive plural)
pisteittensä (genitive plural)
pistettään (partitive singular)
pistettänsä (partitive singular)
pisteitään (partitive plural)
pisteitänsä (partitive plural)
pisteessään (inessive singular)
pisteessänsä (inessive singular)
pisteissään (inessive plural)
pisteissänsä (inessive plural)
pisteestään (elative singular)
pisteestänsä (elative singular)
pisteistään (elative plural)
pisteistänsä (elative plural)
pisteeseensä (illative singular)
pisteisiinsä (illative plural)
pisteihinsä (illative plural)
pisteellään (adessive singular)
pisteellänsä (adessive singular)
pisteillään (adessive plural)
pisteillänsä (adessive plural)
pisteeltään (ablative singular)
pisteeltänsä (ablative singular)
pisteiltään (ablative plural)
pisteiltänsä (ablative plural)
pisteelleen (allative singular)
pisteellensä (allative singular)
pisteilleen (allative plural)
pisteillensä (allative plural)
pisteenään (essive singular)
pisteenänsä (essive singular)
pisteinään (essive plural)
pisteinänsä (essive plural)
pisteekseen (singular translative)
pisteeksensä (singular translative)
pisteikseen (plural translative)
pisteiksensä (plural translative)
pisteettään (abessive singular)
pisteettänsä (abessive singular)
pisteittään (abessive plural)
pisteittänsä (abessive plural)
pisteineen (comitative plural)
pisteinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *pistek (“sting, prick”). Equivalent to pistää (“to sting, prick”) + -e. Originally a synonym of pisto (“sting; prick, puncture”). First used to mean "period, full stop, dot" by Gustaf Renvall in 1826 and "point" in geometry by Wolmar Schildt in 1835; other meanings derive from those two.

(typography) point, dot, full stop, period

(typography) point (unit of font size or spacing)


pieni

fi-adj

pieni (comparative pienempi, superlative pienin)

pienempi (comparative)
pienin (superlative)
pieni (nominative singular)
pienet (nominative plural)
pieni (accusative nominative singular)
pienet (accusative nominative plural)
pienen (accusative genitive singular)
pienet (accusative genitive plural)
pienen (genitive singular)
pienten (genitive plural)
pienien (genitive plural)
pientä (partitive singular)
pieniä (partitive plural)
pienessä (inessive singular)
pienissä (inessive plural)
pienestä (elative singular)
pienistä (elative plural)
pieneen (illative singular)
pieniin (illative plural)
pienellä (adessive singular)
pienillä (adessive plural)
pieneltä (ablative singular)
pieniltä (ablative plural)
pienelle (allative singular)
pienille (allative plural)
pienenä (essive singular)
pieninä (essive plural)
pieneksi (singular translative)
pieniksi (plural translative)
pienettä (abessive singular)
pienittä (abessive plural)
pienin (instructive plural)
pienine (comitative plural)
pieneni (nominative singular)
pieneni (nominative plural)
pieneni (accusative nominative singular)
pieneni (accusative nominative plural)
pieneni (accusative genitive singular)
pieneni (accusative genitive plural)
pieneni (genitive singular)
pienteni (genitive plural)
pienieni (genitive plural)
pientäni (partitive singular)
pieniäni (partitive plural)
pienessäni (inessive singular)
pienissäni (inessive plural)
pienestäni (elative singular)
pienistäni (elative plural)
pieneeni (illative singular)
pieniini (illative plural)
pienelläni (adessive singular)
pienilläni (adessive plural)
pieneltäni (ablative singular)
pieniltäni (ablative plural)
pienelleni (allative singular)
pienilleni (allative plural)
pienenäni (essive singular)
pieninäni (essive plural)
pienekseni (singular translative)
pienikseni (plural translative)
pienettäni (abessive singular)
pienittäni (abessive plural)
pienineni (comitative plural)
pienesi (nominative singular)
pienesi (nominative plural)
pienesi (accusative nominative singular)
pienesi (accusative nominative plural)
pienesi (accusative genitive singular)
pienesi (accusative genitive plural)
pienesi (genitive singular)
pientesi (genitive plural)
pieniesi (genitive plural)
pientäsi (partitive singular)
pieniäsi (partitive plural)
pienessäsi (inessive singular)
pienissäsi (inessive plural)
pienestäsi (elative singular)
pienistäsi (elative plural)
pieneesi (illative singular)
pieniisi (illative plural)
pienelläsi (adessive singular)
pienilläsi (adessive plural)
pieneltäsi (ablative singular)
pieniltäsi (ablative plural)
pienellesi (allative singular)
pienillesi (allative plural)
pienenäsi (essive singular)
pieninäsi (essive plural)
pieneksesi (singular translative)
pieniksesi (plural translative)
pienettäsi (abessive singular)
pienittäsi (abessive plural)
pieninesi (comitative plural)
pienemme (nominative singular)
pienemme (nominative plural)
pienemme (accusative nominative singular)
pienemme (accusative nominative plural)
pienemme (accusative genitive singular)
pienemme (accusative genitive plural)
pienemme (genitive singular)
pientemme (genitive plural)
pieniemme (genitive plural)
pientämme (partitive singular)
pieniämme (partitive plural)
pienessämme (inessive singular)
pienissämme (inessive plural)
pienestämme (elative singular)
pienistämme (elative plural)
pieneemme (illative singular)
pieniimme (illative plural)
pienellämme (adessive singular)
pienillämme (adessive plural)
pieneltämme (ablative singular)
pieniltämme (ablative plural)
pienellemme (allative singular)
pienillemme (allative plural)
pienenämme (essive singular)
pieninämme (essive plural)
pieneksemme (singular translative)
pieniksemme (plural translative)
pienettämme (abessive singular)
pienittämme (abessive plural)
pieninemme (comitative plural)
pienenne (nominative singular)
pienenne (nominative plural)
pienenne (accusative nominative singular)
pienenne (accusative nominative plural)
pienenne (accusative genitive singular)
pienenne (accusative genitive plural)
pienenne (genitive singular)
pientenne (genitive plural)
pienienne (genitive plural)
pientänne (partitive singular)
pieniänne (partitive plural)
pienessänne (inessive singular)
pienissänne (inessive plural)
pienestänne (elative singular)
pienistänne (elative plural)
pieneenne (illative singular)
pieniinne (illative plural)
pienellänne (adessive singular)
pienillänne (adessive plural)
pieneltänne (ablative singular)
pieniltänne (ablative plural)
pienellenne (allative singular)
pienillenne (allative plural)
pienenänne (essive singular)
pieninänne (essive plural)
pieneksenne (singular translative)
pieniksenne (plural translative)
pienettänne (abessive singular)
pienittänne (abessive plural)
pieninenne (comitative plural)
pienensä (nominative singular)
pienensä (nominative plural)
pienensä (accusative nominative singular)
pienensä (accusative nominative plural)
pienensä (accusative genitive singular)
pienensä (accusative genitive plural)
pienensä (genitive singular)
pientensä (genitive plural)
pieniensä (genitive plural)
pientään (partitive singular)
pientänsä (partitive singular)
pieniään (partitive plural)
pieniänsä (partitive plural)
pienessään (inessive singular)
pienessänsä (inessive singular)
pienissään (inessive plural)
pienissänsä (inessive plural)
pienestään (elative singular)
pienestänsä (elative singular)
pienistään (elative plural)
pienistänsä (elative plural)
pieneensä (illative singular)
pieniinsä (illative plural)
pienellään (adessive singular)
pienellänsä (adessive singular)
pienillään (adessive plural)
pienillänsä (adessive plural)
pieneltään (ablative singular)
pieneltänsä (ablative singular)
pieniltään (ablative plural)
pieniltänsä (ablative plural)
pienelleen (allative singular)
pienellensä (allative singular)
pienilleen (allative plural)
pienillensä (allative plural)
pienenään (essive singular)
pienenänsä (essive singular)
pieninään (essive plural)
pieninänsä (essive plural)
pienekseen (singular translative)
pieneksensä (singular translative)
pienikseen (plural translative)
pieniksensä (plural translative)
pienettään (abessive singular)
pienettänsä (abessive singular)
pienittään (abessive plural)
pienittänsä (abessive plural)
pienineen (comitative plural)
pieninensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *peeni. Cognate with Estonian peen, Veps pen'.

pieni kirjain

(typography) small, lowercase, minuscule