justify

en-verb

justify (third-person singular simple present justifies, present participle justifying, simple past and past participle justified)

justifies (present singular third-person)
justifying (participle present)
justified (participle past)
justified (past)
justifie (alternative)

From Middle English justifien, from Old French justifier, from Late Latin justificare (“make just”), from Latin justus, iustus (“just”) + ficare (“make”), from facere, equivalent to just + -ify.

The text will look better justified.

(transitive, typography) To arrange (text) on a page or a computer screen such that the left and right ends of all lines within paragraphs are aligned.

подравня́вам

arrange lines on a page or computer screen


pigeonhole

pigeonholes (plural)
pigeon-hole (alternative)
pigeon hole (alternative)

Stanford University
Thomas Chippendale
pigeon-hole messagebox

The noun is derived from pigeon + hole. The verb is derived from the noun.

分類架 /分类架

one of an array of open compartments in a desk, set of shelves, etc., used for sorting and/or storing letters, papers, or other items; one of an array of open compartments for receiving mail and other messages at a college, office, etc.

kulkuaukko

small opening for looking or passing things through; opening in a ship for passing equipment through

Theſe vvide VVhites are by Compoſiters (in vvay of Scandal) call'd Pidgeon-holes, and are by none accounted good VVorkmanſhip, unleſs in ſuch caſes of neceſſity, as aforeſaid. […] And if he [a compositor] Sets too VVide, and he chance to Set a VVord to tvvo tvvice over, he may be forc'd to make Pidgeon-holes e're he come to a Break, […]

1683, Joseph Moxon, “Numb[er] XIV. Applied to the Compositers Trade.”, in Mechanick Exercises: Or, The Doctrine of Handy-Works. Applied to the Art of Printing. […], volume II, London: […] Joseph Moxon […], →OCLC, § 4 (Of Composing), page 215:

(typography, archaic) A space between two words that is too wide.


P

MS Pゴシック

プロポーショナル プロポーショナル#Japanese

(typography, especially in typeface names) initialism of プロポーショナル (puropōshonaru, “proportional”)


Roman

en-adj

Roman (comparative more Roman, superlative most Roman)

more Roman (comparative)
most Roman (superlative)

From Old French Romain, from Latin Rōmānus. In reference to the Byzantine Empire, via the Byzantine Greek endonym Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos). By surface analysis, Rome + -an. Doublet of Romano.

(typography) A font that is upright, as opposed to oblique or italic. (See roman font.)


U

(typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 11 mils, ¹¹⁄₁₀₀₀ in, ¹⁄₈ 倍 (bai) and ¹⁄₁₂₈ 段 (dan)


run down

en-verb

run down (third-person singular simple present runs down, present participle running down, simple past ran down, past participle run down)

runs down (present singular third-person)
running down (participle present)
ran down (past)
run down (participle past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-run down.wav

If they occasionally supply any additional copy after this element, run it down with a manual line break.

(transitive, typography) To move (some copy) down to the next line.


interpunct

From Latin interpunctus, from inter- (“between, mid-”) + punctus (“point”).


caesura

caesuras (plural)
caesurae (plural)
cesura (alternative)
cæsura (alternative archaic)

Latin caesūra (“cutting, hewing”), from caesus, perfect passive participle of caedō (“I cut down, hew”).


literal

literals (plural)
litteral (alternative obsolete)
lit. (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-literal.wav

From Middle English literal, from Old French literal, from Late Latin litteralis, also literalis (“of or pertaining to letters or to writing”), from Latin littera, litera (“a letter”); see letter.

(epigraphy, typography) A misprint (or occasionally a scribal error) that affects a letter.


graf

(linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning


qwertz

(computing, typography) A style of keyboard layout used in some European countries.


pullout

en-noun

pullout (countable and uncountable, plural pullouts)

pullouts (plural)
pull-out (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pullout.wav

(typography) Synonym of liftout (“quotation given special visual treatment”).


koma

From Dutch komma, from French comma, from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).

(typography) comma: The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set off parts of a sentence or between elements of a list


neliö

neliö (nominative singular)
neliöt (nominative plural)
neliö (accusative nominative singular)
neliöt (accusative nominative plural)
neliön (accusative genitive singular)
neliöt (accusative genitive plural)
neliön (genitive singular)
neliöiden (genitive plural)
neliöitten (genitive plural)
neliötä (partitive singular)
neliöitä (partitive plural)
neliössä (inessive singular)
neliöissä (inessive plural)
neliöstä (elative singular)
neliöistä (elative plural)
neliöön (illative singular)
neliöihin (illative plural)
neliöllä (adessive singular)
neliöillä (adessive plural)
neliöltä (ablative singular)
neliöiltä (ablative plural)
neliölle (allative singular)
neliöille (allative plural)
neliönä (essive singular)
neliöinä (essive plural)
neliöksi (singular translative)
neliöiksi (plural translative)
neliöttä (abessive singular)
neliöittä (abessive plural)
neliöin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
neliöni (nominative singular)
neliöni (nominative plural)
neliöni (accusative nominative singular)
neliöni (accusative nominative plural)
neliöni (accusative genitive singular)
neliöni (accusative genitive plural)
neliöni (genitive singular)
neliöideni (genitive plural)
neliöitteni (genitive plural)
neliötäni (partitive singular)
neliöitäni (partitive plural)
neliössäni (inessive singular)
neliöissäni (inessive plural)
neliöstäni (elative singular)
neliöistäni (elative plural)
neliööni (illative singular)
neliöihini (illative plural)
neliölläni (adessive singular)
neliöilläni (adessive plural)
neliöltäni (ablative singular)
neliöiltäni (ablative plural)
neliölleni (allative singular)
neliöilleni (allative plural)
neliönäni (essive singular)
neliöinäni (essive plural)
neliökseni (singular translative)
neliöikseni (plural translative)
neliöttäni (abessive singular)
neliöittäni (abessive plural)
neliöineni (comitative plural)
neliösi (nominative singular)
neliösi (nominative plural)
neliösi (accusative nominative singular)
neliösi (accusative nominative plural)
neliösi (accusative genitive singular)
neliösi (accusative genitive plural)
neliösi (genitive singular)
neliöidesi (genitive plural)
neliöittesi (genitive plural)
neliötäsi (partitive singular)
neliöitäsi (partitive plural)
neliössäsi (inessive singular)
neliöissäsi (inessive plural)
neliöstäsi (elative singular)
neliöistäsi (elative plural)
neliöösi (illative singular)
neliöihisi (illative plural)
neliölläsi (adessive singular)
neliöilläsi (adessive plural)
neliöltäsi (ablative singular)
neliöiltäsi (ablative plural)
neliöllesi (allative singular)
neliöillesi (allative plural)
neliönäsi (essive singular)
neliöinäsi (essive plural)
neliöksesi (singular translative)
neliöiksesi (plural translative)
neliöttäsi (abessive singular)
neliöittäsi (abessive plural)
neliöinesi (comitative plural)
neliömme (nominative singular)
neliömme (nominative plural)
neliömme (accusative nominative singular)
neliömme (accusative nominative plural)
neliömme (accusative genitive singular)
neliömme (accusative genitive plural)
neliömme (genitive singular)
neliöidemme (genitive plural)
neliöittemme (genitive plural)
neliötämme (partitive singular)
neliöitämme (partitive plural)
neliössämme (inessive singular)
neliöissämme (inessive plural)
neliöstämme (elative singular)
neliöistämme (elative plural)
neliöömme (illative singular)
neliöihimme (illative plural)
neliöllämme (adessive singular)
neliöillämme (adessive plural)
neliöltämme (ablative singular)
neliöiltämme (ablative plural)
neliöllemme (allative singular)
neliöillemme (allative plural)
neliönämme (essive singular)
neliöinämme (essive plural)
neliöksemme (singular translative)
neliöiksemme (plural translative)
neliöttämme (abessive singular)
neliöittämme (abessive plural)
neliöinemme (comitative plural)
neliönne (nominative singular)
neliönne (nominative plural)
neliönne (accusative nominative singular)
neliönne (accusative nominative plural)
neliönne (accusative genitive singular)
neliönne (accusative genitive plural)
neliönne (genitive singular)
neliöidenne (genitive plural)
neliöittenne (genitive plural)
neliötänne (partitive singular)
neliöitänne (partitive plural)
neliössänne (inessive singular)
neliöissänne (inessive plural)
neliöstänne (elative singular)
neliöistänne (elative plural)
neliöönne (illative singular)
neliöihinne (illative plural)
neliöllänne (adessive singular)
neliöillänne (adessive plural)
neliöltänne (ablative singular)
neliöiltänne (ablative plural)
neliöllenne (allative singular)
neliöillenne (allative plural)
neliönänne (essive singular)
neliöinänne (essive plural)
neliöksenne (singular translative)
neliöiksenne (plural translative)
neliöttänne (abessive singular)
neliöittänne (abessive plural)
neliöinenne (comitative plural)
neliönsä (nominative singular)
neliönsä (nominative plural)
neliönsä (accusative nominative singular)
neliönsä (accusative nominative plural)
neliönsä (accusative genitive singular)
neliönsä (accusative genitive plural)
neliönsä (genitive singular)
neliöidensä (genitive plural)
neliöittensä (genitive plural)
neliötään (partitive singular)
neliötänsä (partitive singular)
neliöitään (partitive plural)
neliöitänsä (partitive plural)
neliössään (inessive singular)
neliössänsä (inessive singular)
neliöissään (inessive plural)
neliöissänsä (inessive plural)
neliöstään (elative singular)
neliöstänsä (elative singular)
neliöistään (elative plural)
neliöistänsä (elative plural)
neliöönsä (illative singular)
neliöihinsä (illative plural)
neliöllään (adessive singular)
neliöllänsä (adessive singular)
neliöillään (adessive plural)
neliöillänsä (adessive plural)
neliöltään (ablative singular)
neliöltänsä (ablative singular)
neliöiltään (ablative plural)
neliöiltänsä (ablative plural)
neliölleen (allative singular)
neliöllensä (allative singular)
neliöilleen (allative plural)
neliöillensä (allative plural)
neliönään (essive singular)
neliönänsä (essive singular)
neliöinään (essive plural)
neliöinänsä (essive plural)
neliökseen (singular translative)
neliöksensä (singular translative)
neliöikseen (plural translative)
neliöiksensä (plural translative)
neliöttään (abessive singular)
neliöttänsä (abessive singular)
neliöittään (abessive plural)
neliöittänsä (abessive plural)
neliöineen (comitative plural)
neliöinensä (comitative plural)

neljä (“four”) + -iö. Coined by Finnish physician and philologist Elias Lönnrot in 1845.


ligate

en-verb

ligate (third-person singular simple present ligates, present participle ligating, simple past and past participle ligated)

ligates (present singular third-person)
ligating (participle present)
ligated (participle past)
ligated (past)

Latin ligātus, perfect passive participle of ligō (“I bind”). Doublet of legato. Compare league.

(transitive, typography) To connect text characters with a ligature.


fett

de-adj

fett (strong nominative masculine singular fetter, comparative fetter, superlative am fettesten)

fetter (masculine nominative singular strong)
fetter (comparative)
am fettesten (superlative)
fett (masculine predicative singular)
fett (feminine predicative singular)
fett (neuter predicative singular)
fett (plural predicative)
fetter (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
fette (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
fettes (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
fette (nominative plural strong without-article)
fetten (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
fetter (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
fetten (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
fetter (genitive plural strong without-article)
fettem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
fetter (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
fettem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
fetten (dative plural strong without-article)
fetten (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
fette (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
fettes (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
fette (accusative plural strong without-article)
der fette (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die fette (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das fette (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die fetten (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des fetten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der fetten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des fetten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der fetten (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem fetten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der fetten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem fetten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den fetten (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den fetten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die fette (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das fette (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die fetten (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein fetter (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine fette (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein fettes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
fetten (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine fetten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines fetten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer fetten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines fetten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
fetten (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner fetten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem fetten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer fetten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem fetten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
fetten (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen fetten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen fetten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine fette (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein fettes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
fetten (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine fetten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
fetter (comparative masculine predicative singular)
fetter (comparative feminine predicative singular)
fetter (comparative neuter predicative singular)
fetter (comparative plural predicative)
fetterer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
fettere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
fetteres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
fettere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
fetteren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
fetterer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
fetteren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
fetterer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
fetterem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
fetterer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
fetterem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
fetteren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
fetteren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
fettere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
fetteres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
fettere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der fettere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die fettere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das fettere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die fetteren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des fetteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der fetteren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des fetteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der fetteren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem fetteren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der fetteren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem fetteren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den fetteren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den fetteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die fettere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das fettere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die fetteren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein fetterer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine fettere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein fetteres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
fetteren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine fetteren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines fetteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer fetteren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines fetteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
fetteren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner fetteren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem fetteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer fetteren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem fetteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
fetteren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen fetteren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen fetteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine fettere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein fetteres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
fetteren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine fetteren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am fettesten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am fettesten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am fettesten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am fettesten (plural predicative superlative)
fettester (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
fetteste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
fettestes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
fetteste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
fettesten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
fettester (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
fettesten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
fettester (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
fettestem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
fettester (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
fettestem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
fettesten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
fettesten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
fetteste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
fettestes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
fetteste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der fetteste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die fetteste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das fetteste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die fettesten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des fettesten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der fettesten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des fettesten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der fettesten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem fettesten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der fettesten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem fettesten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den fettesten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den fettesten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die fetteste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das fetteste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die fettesten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein fettester (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine fetteste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein fettestes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
fettesten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine fettesten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines fettesten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer fettesten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines fettesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
fettesten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner fettesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem fettesten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer fettesten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem fettesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
fettesten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen fettesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen fettesten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine fetteste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein fettestes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
fettesten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine fettesten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)

From Middle Low German vet, from Old Saxon *fētid, from Proto-West Germanic *faitid. Doublet of feist. In the colloquial sense perhaps a calque of English phat via hip-hop culture.

In diesem Satz ist nur das Wort „fett“ fett geschrieben.

In this sentence, only the word “bold” is written in bold.


solidus

From Middle English solidus, from classical Latin solidus (“solid”), see below. Doublet of sol, sold, soldo, solid, sou, and xu.
In numismatic and weight senses, via medieval Latin solidus (“various coins”), from Late Latin solidus (“a gold coin of the Roman Empire”). In chemical sense, via German Solidus, coined by H.W.B. Roozeboom in his 1899 Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Stöchiometrie, und Verwandtschaftslehre (XXX, page 387).
In typography, from the shilling mark originally being an abbreviation (a long s ⟨ſ⟩), of Medieval Latin solidus meaning shilling.

der

slash (typography)
solidus (coin)
solidus (disambiguation)

(typography) Synonym of slash ⟨/⟩, originally (UK) in its use as the shilling mark and now its formal designation by the ISO and Unicode.

slash

(typography) The formal name of the oblique strikethrough overlay (as in A̷ and B̸) in Unicode.

(typography) The division line between the numerator and the denominator of a fraction, whether horizontal or oblique.


unjustified

en-adj

unjustified (comparative more unjustified, superlative most unjustified)

more unjustified (comparative)
most unjustified (superlative)

unjustified text in a wordprocessor

(typography) Not justified (of text, arranged on a page or a computer screen such that the left and right ends of all lines within paragraphs are aligned)


fon

From English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of verb fondre (“to melt”).


fon

fon serif


QWERTY

en-noun

QWERTY (countable and uncountable, plural QWERTYs)

QWERTYs (plural)
qwerty (alternative)
Qwerty (alternative)

Christopher Latham Sholes
Henry Holt and Company

From the first six letters on one of the upper rows of such a keyboard.

It was the Monotype model D keyboard introduced in 1907 which became the standard for printers, with a "qwerty" typewriter lay and removable keybars which made the keyboard independent of the matrix case arrangement.

1978, Allen Kent, Harold Lancour, Jay E[lwood] Daily, editors, Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, volumes 24 (Printers and Printing to Public Policy, Copyright), New York, N.Y., Basel: Marcel Dekker, →ISBN, page 109:

The older children we came to know had had a great deal of experience with written language, and they certainly had a firm grasp of the alphabetic sequence. They were annoyed with the arrangement of letters on the typewriter keyboard, which begins at the second from the top row and proceeds left to right with the letters, "Q," "W," "E," "R," "T," and "Y." Computer professionals, who refer to this arrangement as the "QWERTY keyboard," have pointed out that, although it originated in order to avoid jam-ups of frequently used keys on the manual typewriter, the QWERTY arrangement is now completely obsolete but apparently here to stay. Third and fourth graders knew only that QWERTY had no logic that they could discern, and, until they developed basic keyboard familiarity, it greatly delayed their attempts at finding the keys they needed.

1991, Marilyn Cochran-Smith, Cynthia L. Paris, Jessica L. Kahn, “Hunting, Pecking, and Checking: Learning to Write with Word Processing”, in Learning to Write Differently: Beginning Writers and Word Processing (Language and Educational Processes), Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing, →ISBN, page 137:

[…] The Dvorak typewriter keyboard is, it has been claimed, ergonomically superior to the standard "Qwerty" arrangement. But having settled on the current standard keyboard, largely by historical accident, now manufacturers are supposedly reluctant to produce Dvorak keybboards so long as almost all typists are trained on Qwerty, while typists don't want to train on Dvorak when almost all keyboards are Qwerty. Even the inferior keyboard as a matched choice is superior to failing to coordinate at all.

1992, Jack Hirshleifer, John G. Riley, “Strategic Uncertainty and Equilibrium Concepts”, in The Analytics of Uncertainty and Information (Cambridge Surveys of Economic Literature), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, published 2002, →ISBN, section 9.1 (Nash Equilibrium), page 330:

The ‘QWERTY’ layout of keyboards is also a cause for concern. The design means that the fingers of the left hand (the less dominant hand for most Westerners) do 57 per cent of the work in typing English text. RSI symptoms are often found to be more intense in the left hand of keyboard users.

1993 September 11, John Ballard, “RSI on Trial: More People Suffering from Repetitive Strain Injury are Seeking Compensation in Court as Fresh Evidence Comes to Light about the Symptoms and Causes of this Crippling Disorder”, in New Scientist, London: New Scientist Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-04-13:

The typewriter using separate characters on type bars striking on a cylinder soon dominated the market. Because adjacent striking bars tended to jam when struck rapidly, manufacturers abandoned the alphabetical placement of letters on the keyboard in favor of the left-to-right "qwerty" disposition that takes into account the frequency and sequence of letters in English.

1994, Henri-Jean Martin, “Beyond Writing”, in Lydia G. Cochrane, transl., The History and Power of Writing, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 465:

(uncountable, computing, typography, chiefly attributive) A standard layout of keys on a keyboard for typing, in which the leftmost keys of the top lettered row are Q-W-E-R-T-Y.

كويرتي

If you need to get a grip on a remote workstation, remote-control software can put your fingers on the pearly white QWERTYs of any computer, even half a world away.

1995 February 20, “Windows remote-control software: Reaching beyond your grasp”, Product Comparison, in InfoWorld, volume 17, number 8, San Mateo, Calif.: InfoWorld Publishing Company, →ISSN, page 66:

(countable, computing, typography) A keyboard with such a layout.


crochet

→ English: crochet

desc

→ Portuguese: colchete (“hook, bracket”)

→ Portuguese: crochê (“crochet”), croché, crochet (unadapted form)

→ Spanish: corchete

→ Turkish: kroşe


run-in

en-adj

run-in (not generally comparable, comparative more run-in, superlative most run-in)

more run-in (comparative)
most run-in (superlative)

These headings are of the run-in type because a free-hanging style would just be a waste of column inches.

participial adjective
participial adjective

(participial adjective; editing, typography) (not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text.


rotunda

rotundas (plural)
rotundae (plural)
Rotunda (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin rotunda, from rotundus (“round”). In the architectural sense, from Sancta Maria Rotunda (the name for a church in the Pantheon).

(typography, frequently capitalized) A Gothic typeface used in early printed books in Northern Italy, based on a rounded script developed in the 13th cent.; the manuscript hand on which this typeface was based.

rotunda

typography: Gothic typeface based on a 13th-C. rounded script


rotunda

rotundowy (adjective)
rotunda (nominative singular)
rotundy (genitive singular)
rotundzie (dative singular)
rotundę (accusative singular)
rotundą (instrumental singular)
rotundzie (locative singular)
rotundo (singular vocative)

(uncountable, typography) rotunda (Gothic typeface used in early printed books in Northern Italy, based on a rounded script developed in the 13th century; the manuscript hand on which this typeface was based)


hinting

en-noun

hinting (countable and uncountable, plural hintings)

(typography) The process of adding hints to a computer-based font in order to align the glyphs to a rasterized grid at specific sizes in a visually appealing manner.


extended

en-adj

extended (comparative more extended, superlative most extended)

more extended (comparative)
most extended (superlative)

(typography, of a typeface) Wider than usual.


embolden

en-verb

embolden (third-person singular simple present emboldens, present participle emboldening, simple past and past participle emboldened)

emboldens (present singular third-person)
emboldening (participle present)
emboldened (participle past)
emboldened (past)
embolden (infinitive)
embolden (first-person present singular)
emboldened (first-person past singular)
embolden (present second-person singular)
emboldenest (archaic present second-person singular)
emboldened (past second-person singular)
emboldenedst (archaic past second-person singular)
emboldens (present singular third-person)
emboldeneth (archaic present singular third-person)
emboldened (past singular third-person)
embolden (plural present)
emboldened (past plural)
embolden (present subjunctive)
emboldened (past subjunctive)
embolden (imperative present)
emboldening (participle present)
emboldened (participle past)
imbolden (alternative)

From bold (adjective) + em- -en (variant of en- -en (circumfix forming transitive verbs denoting an increase in, or intensification of, the quality denoted by the enclosed word)). Compare Middle English embolden, enbolden (“to make bold, encourage”) (modern English embold, enbold, imbold (obsolete)), and inboldysshen (“to embolden, encourage”).

This note introduces several additional features of LATEX: […] ▪ The use of text style commands, including the \emph command to emphasize text, the \textbf command to embolden text, and the \texttt command to produce typewriter style text.

1999, George [A.] Grätzer, “Typing Text”, in First Steps in LATEX, Boston, Mass.: Birkhäuser; New York, N.Y.: Springer, →ISBN, page 8:

The [HTML] tags

 indicate paragraphs breaks, and we have included some basic text formatting:  for emphasis (typically italics),  for underline and  to embolden text.

2004, Jason Whittaker, “Web Design”, in The Cyberspace Handbook, London; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, part III (Reading/Writing Cyberspace), page 216:

Embolden the company name. Balance-wise, the company name could do with standing out more.

2007, Craig Grannell, “Getting User Feedback”, in The Essential Guide to HTML5 and CSS3 Web Design, Berkeley, Calif.: Friends of ED, Apress, →ISBN, page 339:

(typography) To format (text) in boldface.


半角

/pän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³³ kɔːk̚³/

/pän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːn³³ kɔːk̚³/

(computing, typography, chiefly Mainland China) halfwidth


半角

[hã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟]

半 (“half-”) + 角 (“square”), modeled after 全角 (zenkaku)

半角クワタ

半角スペース

半角ダッシュ

半角文字

(attributive, computing, typography, of an East Asian character or glyph) the state of being halfwidth which, in early computer encoding, occupies 1 byte, and in modern typography, visually either equals 1 en or proportional


head

† (English symbol name dagger or obelus)

dagger (English name symbol)
obelus (English name symbol)

Derives from the obelus, ⟨⸓⟩. Originally shaped like a dagger, it is now sometimes identical in shape to a Latin cross.

(typography) Used to indicate a (second) footnote.


noce

it-noun

noce f (plural noci, diminutive nocìna, augmentative nocióna)

noci (plural)
nocìna (diminutive)
nocióna (augmentative)

Inherited from Latin nucem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *knew-.


ascender

Catherine had a paperback called Graphology: The Mind in the Hand, which gave her all sorts of warnings about people’s tendencies and repressions (“Artist or Madman?” “Pet or Brute?”). “It's those enormous ascenders, darling,” she said: “I see a lot of ego.”

2004, Alan Hollinghurst, chapter 1, in The Line of Beauty […], London: Picador, →ISBN:

(typography, graphology) The portion of a lowercase letter that extends above the midline.

(typography, uncommon) A lowercase letter that has such a portion, such as d or h.


espacio

(typography) space (a piece of metal type used to separate words)


ligature

en-noun

ligature (countable and uncountable, plural ligatures)

From Middle English ligature, from Middle French ligature, from Late Latin ligātūra, from Latin ligātus, past participle of ligāre (“to tie, bind”).

Meronym: ligand

typographic ligature
typographic ligature

(countable, typography) A character that visually combines multiple letters, such as æ, œ, ß or ĳ; also logotype. Sometimes called a typographic ligature.

ὑφέν

typography: character that combines multiple letters


chave

Guinea-Bissau Creole: tcabi

Macanese: chávi

→ Bengali: চাবি (cabi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Gujarati: ચાવી (cāvī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चाभी (cābhī), चाबी (cābī)

desctree

Urdu: چابی (cābī), چابھی (cābhī)
→ Marwari: चाबी (cābī)
→ Nepali: चाबी (cābī)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਬੀ (cābī)
Shahmukhi script: چابی (cābī)

→ Kannada: ಚಾವಿ (cāvi)

→ Konkani: चावी (cāvī)

→ Língua Geral Amazônica: xabi
Nheengatu: xawí

→ Malayalam: ചാവി (cāvi), ചാബി (cābi)

→ Marathi: चावी (cāvī)

→ Tamil: சாவி (cāvi)

→ Telugu: శావి (śāvi), చెవి (cevi)

→ Tulu: ಚಾವಿ (cāvi)

LL-Q5146 (por)-Nelson Ricardo 2500-chave.wav

From Old Galician-Portuguese chave (“key”), from Latin clāvis (“key”), from Proto-Italic *klāwis (“bolt, lock, bar”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”) (possibly through an Ancient Greek intermediate). Doublet of clave, a learned borrowing.
Cognate with Galician chave, Spanish llave, Catalan and Occitan clau, French clé, Italian chiave and Romanian cheie.

der

Coloque o valor entre chaves.

(typography) curly bracket (name of the characters { and })


leading

From Middle English leedynge, equivalent to lead (chemical element) + -ing; so named because in metal typesetting (letterpress and hot metal typesetting), pieces of lead (slugs, strips, blocks, etc) were often the mechanical means of producing the gap.

(typography) Vertical space added between lines; line spacing.


sidebar

The tables in the sidebar can be used to determine “average” height and weight, and to provide a slight random variation if desired.

2004 "Height and Weight", GURPS Basic Set 3rd Edition 6th printing page 15

(typography) A block of information placed at the side of a printed page.


starburst

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-starburst.wav

(typography) A symbol similar to an asterisk, but with additional rays: ✺.


diacritical mark

en-noun

diacritical mark (plural diacritical marks)

(orthography, typography) A symbol in writing used with a letter to indicate a different pronunciation, stress, tone, or meaning.


pilcrow

Probably an alteration of Middle English pylcrafte, modification of Late Latin paragraphus.

(typography) A symbol designating a paragraph break.

The symbol ¶.
A symbol designating a paragraph break.


modulation

modulation (countable and uncountable, plural modulations)

/ˌmɑd͡ʒəˈleɪʃən/

From Late Middle English modulacion, modulacioun (“act of making music or singing; harmony; melody, song”), from Middle French modulation (modern French modulation), and directly from its etymon Latin modulātiō (“regular or rhythmical measure, modulation; inflection of tone; (architecture) calculation of measurements from a standard unit; (Late Latin) act of making music or singing; melody, song”), from modulātus (“modulated”) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs). Modulātus is a perfect participle of modulor (“to beat time; to make music or sing; to measure; etc.”), from modulus (“rhythmical measure, interval; rhythm; small interval or measure, etc.”) + -or (suffix forming certain inflections of verbs); and modulus is from modus (“measure; method; etc.”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure; etc.”)) + -ulus (diminutive suffix). By surface analysis, modulat(e) + -ion (suffix denoting an action or process, or its result).

listen/core

Modulation vocal music example duple.mid

изменение

modification or regulation of something to achieve an appropriate measure or proportion; an instance of this

(uncountable) Modification or regulation of something to achieve an appropriate measure or proportion; (countable) an instance of this.

(typography, countable) The contrast between the thick and thin parts of the strokes of a typeface.


nonpareil

en-noun

nonpareil (countable and uncountable, plural nonpareils)

nonpareils (plural)
non-pareil (alternative)
nonparella (alternative)
nonpareillo (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-nonpareil.wav

/ˌnɑnpəˈɹɛl/

From Late Middle English non-parail (“unparalleled, nonpareil”) [and other forms], from Middle French nonpareille, nonpareil (“unparalleled”) (obsolete), from non- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + pareil (“alike, like, same”). Pareil is derived from Old French pareil, from Late Latin pāriculus (“equal; like; of a number: even”), from Latin pār (“equal; like; of a number: even; suitable”) + -culus (a variant of -ulus (suffix forming diminutives)). Doublet of umpire.
Noun sense 4 (size of type standardized at 6-point) is usually taken to derive from the attractive type cut by the brothers Giovanni and Gregorio De Gregori (fl. 1482–1503 and 1496–1527 respectively) for their 1498 edition of the divine offices in Venice; it was for a long time the smallest-sized type in use.

nb...

nonparaille, nonpareyl, nounparalle, nowimparaile

der

I believe that letters which are less than a millimetre and a half (1/17 inch) high, will finally prove injurious to the eye. How little attention has hitherto been paid to this important subject is exemplified in the fact that even oculistic journals and books frequently contain nonpareil, or letters only a millimetre (1/25 inch) high.

1881 May 19, Hermann Cohn, “Eyes and School-Books”, in Popular Science Monthly:

A Handbook of Astronomy (cover, brown leather, detached, 5 plates, antique letterpress long primer, author’s footnotes nonpareil, marginal clues brevier, captions small pica).

1922 February, James Joyce, “[17]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

(uncountable, typography, chiefly historical) A size of type between ruby and emerald (or, in the United States, between agate and minion), standardized as 6-point; (countable) a slug of this size.

nonparej

size of type standardized at 6-point; slug of this size


displayed

en-adj

displayed (comparative more displayed, superlative most displayed)

more displayed (comparative)
most displayed (superlative)

(typography) Set with lines of prominent type interspersed, to catch the eye.


combining form

As far as possible this specification uses non-combining characters, however, in the cases tdot, TripleDot and DotDot Unicode only has combining forms of the accents, and so the entity replacement text starts with a space, to avoid the possibility that the expansion of the entity combines with preceding text.

2014 April 10, “XML Entity Definitions for Characters (2nd Edition)”, in David Carlisle, Patrick Ion, editors, w3.org, World Wide Web Consortium, retrieved 2015-03-22:

(computing, typography) A character encoded from a sequence of other characters instead of a precomposed character.


boldness

en-noun

boldness (usually uncountable, plural boldnesses)

From Middle English boldnesse, equivalent to bold + -ness. Cognate with Scots baldness, bauldness (“boldness”).

(typography) The relative weight of a font; the thickness of its strokes.


Arial

Derived from the word aerial, introduced as a trademark by Monotype.

(typography) A sans serif typeface designed by Monotype as a clone of Helvetica. Notably a default Windows font.


ёлочка

ru-noun+

ёлочка • (jóločka) f inan (genitive ёлочки, nominative plural ёлочки, genitive plural ёлочек)

jóločka (romanization)
ёлочки (genitive)
ёлочки (nominative plural)
ёлочек (genitive plural)
ёлочка (nominative singular)
ёлочки (nominative plural)
ёлочки (genitive singular)
ёлочек (genitive plural)
ёлочке (dative singular)
ёлочкам (dative plural)
ёлочку (accusative singular)
ёлочки (accusative plural)
ёлочкой (instrumental singular)
ёлочкою (instrumental singular)
ёлочками (instrumental plural)
ёлочке (prepositional singular)
ёлочках (plural prepositional)
ёлочка (dated nominative singular)
ёлочки (dated nominative plural)
ёлочки (dated genitive singular)
ёлочекъ (dated genitive plural)
ёлочкѣ (dated dative singular)
ёлочкамъ (dated dative plural)
ёлочку (accusative dated singular)
ёлочки (accusative dated plural)
ёлочкой (dated instrumental singular)
ёлочкою (dated instrumental singular)
ёлочками (dated instrumental plural)
ёлочкѣ (dated prepositional singular)
ёлочкахъ (dated plural prepositional)

[ˈjɵɫət͡ɕkə]

(typography) guillemet (type of quotation mark; either « or »)


tittle

From Middle English tytle, titel, titele, from Anglo-Norman titil, titule and Medieval Latin titulus (“small stroke, diacritical mark, accent”), from Latin titulus (“title”). Doublet of tilde, titer/titre, title, titlo, and titulus.

doublet

The foure pricks or tittles are these. The first is a full prick or period. The second is a comma or crooked tittle.

1590, Bales, The Arte of Brachygraphie (quoted in Daid King's 2001 'The Ciphers of the Monks')

The words "jot" and "tittle" in this passage refer to diacritic marks, that is, dashes, dots, or commas added to a letter to accentuate the pronunciation.

1965, P. A. Marijnen, The Encyclopedia of the Bible:

(the page calls both "a superscript sign (hooklike)" and also a diacritical abbreviation of "er" (er) "tittles")

1987, Andrea van Arkel-De Leeuw van Weenen, Möðruvallabók, AM 132 Fol: Index and concordance, page xii

A tittle is more or less the same thing (the dot over an i, for instance), except that it can be traced back to Medieval Latin for a little mark over or under a letter, such as an accent ague or a cedilla. I don't know whether an umlaut is one or two tittles. Maybe it's a jot and a tittle side by side.

2008, Roy Blount, Alphabet juice: the energies, gists, and spirits of letters:

(typography) Any small dot, stroke, or diacritical mark, especially if part of a letter, or of a letter-like abbreviation; in particular, the dots over the Latin letters i and j.


Courier

en-proper noun

Courier (countable and uncountable, plural Couriers)

(uncountable, typography) A monospace font that resembles the characters produced by a typewriter.


superscript

en-noun

superscript (countable and uncountable, plural superscripts)

From Middle French superscript, from Latin superscriptus (“written above”). By surface analysis, super- + script.

In x², the 2 written in superscript means “to the power of two”.

(typography) A type of lettering form that appears as a number, figure, or symbol above the normal line of type, located at the right or left of another symbol or text.


superscript

en-verb

superscript (third-person singular simple present superscripts, present participle superscripting, simple past and past participle superscripted)

superscripts (present singular third-person)
superscripting (participle present)
superscripted (participle past)
superscripted (past)

The ambient or unsaturated value of a variable is superscripted with a "*".

1987, Pragasen Pillay, “Permanent magnet synchronous motor drives and brushless DC motor drives for servo applications”, Conference Record of the 1987 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (Part I), IEEE, page 387

(mathematics, sciences, typography, transitive, of a variable) To provide with a superscript.

Select the number or letter you want to superscript and, in the Font dialog box, enter an Offset percentage to tell PowerPoint how high to raise the number or letter.

2011, Peter Weverka, PowerPoint 2007 All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies:

(typography, transitive, of a text) To convert to a superscript form.


slant

Late Middle English, from a variant of the earlier form dialectical slent, from Old Norse or another North Germanic source, cognate with Old Norse slent, Swedish slinta (“to slip”), Norwegian slenta (“to fall on the side”), from Proto-Germanic *slintaną. Probably influenced by aslant.

kalteva lokero

depression with sloping bottom to hold watercolors

Initial inquiries among professional typists uncover names like slant, slant line, slash, and slash mark. Examination of typing instruction manuals discloses additional names such as diagonal and diagonal mark, and other sources provide the designation oblique.

[1965, Dmitri A. Borgmann, Language on Vacation, page 240:

(typography) Synonym of slash ⟨ / ⟩, particularly in its use to set off pronunciations from other text.


ascent

en-noun

ascent (countable and uncountable, plural ascents)

Formed from ascend on the model of descend/descent.

(typography) The ascender height in a typeface.


typesetting

typesetting (countable and uncountable, plural typesettings)

(typography) The setting or composition of written material into type.


dingbat

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dingbat.wav

Unknown, US mid 19th century. The word-puzzle sense comes from the board game Dingbats, which is based on these puzzles.

"The compulsive editor, when checking the specs on an article, can't help checking also for such items as initial capital and closing dingbat, if they are used routinely. These decorative items have a way of being forgotten..."

1982, The Elements of Editing: A Modern Guide for Editors and Journalists, Arthur Plotnik, p.8

(typography) A special ornamental typographical symbol, such as a bullet, an arrow, a pointing hand etc.


háček

háčeks (plural)
háčky (plural)
haček (alternative)
hacek (alternative)
hachek (alternative)
haċek (alternative)
hatcheck (alternative)
hatschek (alternative)
hatchek (alternative)
hacheck (alternative)
hac̬ek (alternative)
haczek (alternative)
hácek (alternative)
haĉek (alternative)
haceck (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-háček.wav

First attested in 1951; from the Czech háček (“háček”, literally “little hook”), the diminutive of hák (“hook”) (from Middle High German hāken, from Old High German hāko (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *hakô (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook”)) + the diminutive suffix -ek. Cognate with and formed like English hooklet and German Häkchen. Also cognate with Old English haca (“hook, door-fastening”) and modern English hake (more information below).

cog

The caret (ˇ), háček, is used over the following consonants: c, d, n, t, r, s, and z to indicate the soft sound.

1948, Bohumil Emil Mikula, Progressive Czech (Bohemian), page 6:

Linguistic forms had to be set in ordinary roman type and the capital C of Cäxa had to be left without a háček.

1951, Hans Jakob Polotsky, Notes on Gurage Grammar, page 5:

Good Teutonic Kitsch looks rather forlorn and out of place wearing a Bohemian háček over its shrunken hind quarters. But the high traditions of scholarship must be maintained, and on these pages Meester Kitsch will masquerade as Mr. Kič.

1956, Morris Halle, editor, For Roman Jakobson, page 332:

In the system used here and elsewhere in this article for Bantu tone, low syllables are unmarked, high syllables have an acute accent, and rising syllables a haček respectively; thus a, á, ǎ.

1966, Charles Ernest Bazell et al., editors, In Memory of J.R. Firth, page 205:

The printer had no hatchek — the flattened “v” that appears over letters in Czech — to put over Dvořak’s R. So somebody laboriously inked in all the hatcheks.

1991, Peter Hugh Reed, American Record Guide, LIV:ii, page 69:

háček used to signify the third tone (wǔ — ‘five’)

2002, Torbjörn Lundmark, Quirky QWERTY, page 34:

Another orthographic practice […] was developed […] in the twentieth century: this is the adoption of the hacek for the representation of the Cypriot postalveolar fricatives and affricates, which are otherwise not distinguished by the normal characters of the Greek alphabet alone. It was not until very recently, therefore, that the spellings <σ̌>, <τσ̌>, <ζ̌> and <τζ̌>, for [ʃ], [tʃ], [ʒ] and [dʒ] respectively, became available.

2005, Stavroula Varella, Language Contact and the Lexicon in the History of Cypriot Greek, page 46:

My father always wrote Bětik with a little “v” called haĉek, above the “e”; Marušaks placed the haĉek above the “s”.

2006, Mary Betik Trojacek, Beyond Ellis Island, page 17:

For examples of the usage of other forms of this term see Citations:háček, Citations:haček, Citations:hacek, Citations:haċek, Citations:hachek, Citations:hatcheck, Citations:hatschek, Citations:hǎcek, Citations:hatchek, Citations:hacheck, Citations:hac̬ek, Citations:haczek, Citations:háçek, Citations:hácek, Citations:haĉek, Citations:haceck and Citations:háčky.

diacritical mark
diacritical mark#English

(orthography and typography) A caron; a diacritical mark (ˇ) usually resembling an inverted circumflex, but in the cases of ď, Ľ, ľ, and ť resembling a prime (′) instead.

Ǎǎ Čč Ďď Ěě Ǧǧ Ȟȟ Ǐǐ J̌ǰ Ǩǩ Ľľ Ňň Ǒǒ Řř Šš Ťť Ǔǔ Ǚǚ Žž Ǯǯ DŽDždž Ǆǅǆ

acute accent

diacritics used in Latin-derived scripts

comma

above right ( ̕); below ( ̦), reversed (ʽ), turned (ʻ)

hook

above ( ̉); palatal ( ̡), retroflex ( ̢), rhotic (˞)

tilde

above (˜); below ( ̰), double ( ͠ ), middle / overlay ( ̴), vertical ( ̾)


quadrat

Attested since 1683. Possibly from French cadrat or Italian quadrato (“square”), from Latin quadrātum (“square”). Doublet of quadrate and of etymology 1 above. So called because the basic quadrat, the em quadrat, has a square face, having the same width as the height of a line of type.

If his Title be ſhort, he Sets it in the middle of the Line, by Setting Quadrats on both ſides: If his Title be long, he Sets the middle Line in the middle: If it make three or more Lines, he Indents the firſt with an m Quadrat, and the other with two m Quadrats.

1683, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises: Or, the Doctrine of Handy-Works. Applied to the art of Printing., volume 2, pages 222–23:

The footsticks may be a trifle shorter than the width of two pages and the gutter; for as there should always be a line of quadrats, or a reglet cut to measure, at the foot of each page, the footstick may be a pica shorter without danger, on this account, of any thing falling out, when the form is lifted and it thus prevents the side and foot sticks from binding when locked up.

1841, William Savage, A Dictionary of the Art of Printing, page 330:

(letterpress typography, obsolete) A quad; a blank metal block used to fill space in lines of type.


baria

bareia (alternative)
varia (alternative)

(orthography and typography) An Ancient Greek pitch-marking diacritic: ⟨ ` ⟩; written atop vowels, it denotes normal or low pitch.


curly

en-adj

curly (comparative curlier, superlative curliest)

curlier (comparative)
curliest (superlative)

(typography) Curling in a direction, as opposed to straight (quotation marks or apostrophes)

courbe

(typography) curling in a direction, as opposed to straight (quotation marks or apostrophes)


sans serif

sans serifs (plural)
sanserif (alternative)
sans-serif (alternative)

/ˌsɑ̃ ˈsɛɹɪf/

(typography) A typeface in which the characters do not have serifs.


sans serif

/ˌsɑ̃ ˈsɛɹɪf/

sanserif (alternative)
sans-serif (alternative)

If you have some sans-serif fonts on your computer, you can play this game, too.

2008, Clay Shirky, Gin, Television, and Cognitive Surplus:

(typography) Of a typeface, without serifs.


tipo

From Latin typus (“figure; type”), from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark”), from τύπτω (túptō, “to poke”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-.

(typography) type (letter or character used for printing)


burts

burts (nominative singular)
burti (nominative plural)
burta (genitive singular)
burtu (genitive plural)
burtam (dative singular)
burtiem (dative plural)
burtu (accusative singular)
burtus (accusative plural)
burtu (instrumental singular)
burtiem (instrumental plural)
burtā (locative singular)
burtos (locative plural)
burt (singular vocative)
burti (plural vocative)

Originally the masculine past participle of the verb burt (“to conjure magic”) (q.v.). Just as burt originally meant “to carve (marks, on a tree),” burts was originally “mark(s) carved on a tree.” Cognates include Lithuanian bùrtas (“lot, (pl.) sorcery”).

cog

metāla, koka burti

burtu garnitūras

burtu liešana

(typography) type, font (typesetting printing unit; syn. burtstabiņš, litera)


interrogative

/ˌɪn.təˈɹɒɡ.ə.tɪv/

/ˌɪn.təˈɹɑ.ɡə.tɪv/

[ˌɪn.təˈɹɑ.ɡə.ɾɪv]

/ˌɪn.təˈɹɔɡ.ə.tɪv/

[ˌɪn.təˈɹɔɡ.ə.ɾɪv]

There be five manner of points and divisions most used among cunning men; the which if they be well used, make the sentence very light and easy to be understood, both to the reader and hearer: and they be these, virgil,—come,—parenthesis,—plain point,—interrogative.

Whoever introduced the several points, it seems that a full-point, a point called come, answering to our colon-point, a point called virgil answering to our comma-point, the parenthesis-points and interrogative-point, were used at the close of the fourteenth, or beginning of the fifteenth century.

1842, F. Francillon, An Essay on Punctuation, page 9:

(typography, archaic) Synonym of question mark ⟨?⟩.


arroba

From Old Galician-Portuguese arroba and arrova, from Andalusian Arabic and Arabic اَلرُّبْع (ar-rubʕ, “fourth”) in reference to its making up one-fourth of a quintal. Cognate with Galician and Spanish arroba, Catalan arrova, and Maltese raba’.

(typography) at, the name of the symbol @


arroba

→ English: arroba

→ French: arobase

Inherited from Old Spanish arroua, from Arabic اَلرُّبْع (ar-rubʕ, “one-fourth”), in reference to its forming one fourth of a quintal.


tompa

hu-adj

tompa (comparative tompább, superlative legtompább)

tompább (comparative)
legtompább (superlative)
tompa (nominative singular)
tompák (nominative plural)
tompát (accusative singular)
tompákat (accusative plural)
tompának (dative singular)
tompáknak (dative plural)
tompával (instrumental singular)
tompákkal (instrumental plural)
tompáért (causal-final singular)
tompákért (causal-final plural)
tompává (singular translative)
tompákká (plural translative)
tompáig (singular terminative)
tompákig (plural terminative)
tompaként (essive-formal singular)
tompákként (essive-formal plural)
tompában (inessive singular)
tompákban (inessive plural)
tompán (singular superessive)
tompákon (plural superessive)
tompánál (adessive singular)
tompáknál (adessive plural)
tompába (illative singular)
tompákba (illative plural)
tompára (singular sublative)
tompákra (plural sublative)
tompához (allative singular)
tompákhoz (allative plural)
tompából (elative singular)
tompákból (elative plural)
tompáról (delative singular)
tompákról (delative plural)
tompától (ablative singular)
tompáktól (ablative plural)
tompáé (singular)
tompáké (plural)
tompáéi (singular)
tompákéi (plural)

Borrowed from a Slavic language. Compare Serbo-Croatian tup.

(typography, of a paragraph) without first-line indent


Zeichen

de-noun

Zeichen n (strong, genitive Zeichens, plural Zeichen, diminutive Zeichlein n or Zeichelchen n)

Zeichens (genitive)
Zeichen (plural)
Zeichlein (diminutive neuter)
Zeichelchen (diminutive neuter)
Zeichen (nominative singular)
Zeichen (definite nominative plural)
Zeichens (genitive singular)
Zeichen (definite genitive plural)
Zeichen (dative singular)
Zeichen (dative definite plural)
Zeichen (accusative singular)
Zeichen (accusative definite plural)

/ˈt͡saɪ̯çən/

/ˈt͡saɪ̯çɛn/

From Middle High German zeichen, from Old High German zeihhan (“sign, symbol”), from Proto-Germanic *taikną, *taiknaz (“sign”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show”). Cognate with Dutch teken, Low German Teiken, English token, Danish tegn, Swedish tecken.


swash

en-noun

swash (countable and uncountable, plural swashes)

Scandinavian. Compare Swedish dialect svasska, Norwegian svakka, English dialect swack (“a blow”).

Yet Svvaſh-Letters, […] ought to have the Upper Sholder of that Svvaſh Sculped dovvn ſtraight, viz. to a Right Angle, or Square vvith the Face; […]

1683, Joseph Moxon, “Numb[er] VI. Applied to the Art of Printing.”, in Mechanick Exercises: Or, The Doctrine of Handy-Works. Applied to the Art of Printing. […], volume II, London: […] Joseph Moxon […], →OCLC, § 4 (Of Graving and Sculpting the Insides of Steel Letters), page 118:

There is a group of decorative swash initials, too.

1955, Club of Printing Women of New York, Antique, Modern & Swash: A Brief History of Women in Printing, page 18:

so swash versions of the capitals were produced as alternatives.

1986, Walter Tracy, Letters of Credit: A View of Type Design, page 163:

Tracy also wrote that the italic was too distinctive to combine well with the roman, and that the alternative swash characters made for the italic "prettify the text only at the expense of comforatable reading."

1992, Allan Haley, Typographic Milestones, page 110:

GX provides a mechanism for determining if a glyph is at the start or end of a text line (so swash substitutions could be made dependent on this) while Opentype ^([sic]) does not.

2004, George Williams, “Beyond Glyphs, Advanced Typographic Features of Fonts”, in Apostolos Syropoulos, Karl Berry, Yannis Haralambous, editors, TeX, XML, and Digital Typography, page 258:

The grim satisfied smile on the woman's pug face suggests that she is doing this primarily to take revenge upon the absent, so conspiciously absent husband: there is a happy violence in the very swash of her signature.

To differentiate between a swash and a flourish, note that swash is a typographical term that refers to the end of a letter that is extended in a curved flourish, and a flourish itself is just a decorative curl in general.

2020, Lisa Quine, Vintage Hand Lettering:

(typography) A long, protruding ornamental line or pen stroke found in some typefaces and styles of calligraphy.


swash

en-adj

swash (comparative swasher, superlative swashest)

swasher (comparative)
swashest (superlative)

The French compositor took the greek capitals for latin ones and sought out his swashest type to set the handwritten letters,

1936, Acta arithmetica - Volume 58, page 217:

The failing to avoid at all costs when using this type of capital is that of making them too swash.

1967, John Le F. Dumpleton, Teach Yourself Handwriting, page 45:

A couple of the swashest Italic capitals have gone over the top

2001, Typography 21: The Annual of the Type Directors Club, page 285:


boldfaced

boldfaced (comparative more boldfaced, superlative most boldfaced)

more boldfaced (comparative)
most boldfaced (superlative)
bold-faced (alternative)

(typography) Of text emphasized by being set in a font having thicker strokes, yielding a heavier or darker appearance.


boldface

en-noun

boldface (countable and uncountable, plural boldfaces)

(typography) A font that is dark, having a high ratio of ink to white space, written or drawn with thick strong lines.


molde

[ˈmɔʊ̯.d͡ʒi]

[ˈmɔʊ̯.d͡ʒi]


talp

talpak (plural)
talp (nominative singular)
talpak (nominative plural)
talpat (accusative singular)
talpakat (accusative plural)
talpnak (dative singular)
talpaknak (dative plural)
talppal (instrumental singular)
talpakkal (instrumental plural)
talpért (causal-final singular)
talpakért (causal-final plural)
talppá (singular translative)
talpakká (plural translative)
talpig (singular terminative)
talpakig (plural terminative)
talpként (essive-formal singular)
talpakként (essive-formal plural)
talpban (inessive singular)
talpakban (inessive plural)
talpon (singular superessive)
talpakon (plural superessive)
talpnál (adessive singular)
talpaknál (adessive plural)
talpba (illative singular)
talpakba (illative plural)
talpra (singular sublative)
talpakra (plural sublative)
talphoz (allative singular)
talpakhoz (allative plural)
talpból (elative singular)
talpakból (elative plural)
talpról (delative singular)
talpakról (delative plural)
talptól (ablative singular)
talpaktól (ablative plural)
talpé (singular)
talpaké (plural)
talpéi (singular)
talpakéi (plural)
talpam (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
talpaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
talpad (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
talpaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
talpa (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
talpai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
talpunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
talpaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
talpatok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
talpaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
talpuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
talpaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

A local substrate word of undocumented provenience, probably from Cotinic, Gepidic or else East Germanic together with Romanian talpă (“sole”), which see for more comparisons.

unk

undocumented


logotype

(typography) A single type combining two or more letters (as a ligature or otherwise).


risti

risti (nominative singular)
ristit (nominative plural)
risti (accusative nominative singular)
ristit (accusative nominative plural)
ristin (accusative genitive singular)
ristit (accusative genitive plural)
ristin (genitive singular)
ristien (genitive plural)
ristiä (partitive singular)
ristejä (partitive plural)
ristissä (inessive singular)
risteissä (inessive plural)
rististä (elative singular)
risteistä (elative plural)
ristiin (illative singular)
risteihin (illative plural)
ristillä (adessive singular)
risteillä (adessive plural)
ristiltä (ablative singular)
risteiltä (ablative plural)
ristille (allative singular)
risteille (allative plural)
ristinä (essive singular)
risteinä (essive plural)
ristiksi (singular translative)
risteiksi (plural translative)
ristittä (abessive singular)
risteittä (abessive plural)
ristein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
ristini (nominative singular)
ristini (nominative plural)
ristini (accusative nominative singular)
ristini (accusative nominative plural)
ristini (accusative genitive singular)
ristini (accusative genitive plural)
ristini (genitive singular)
ristieni (genitive plural)
ristiäni (partitive singular)
ristejäni (partitive plural)
ristissäni (inessive singular)
risteissäni (inessive plural)
rististäni (elative singular)
risteistäni (elative plural)
ristiini (illative singular)
risteihini (illative plural)
ristilläni (adessive singular)
risteilläni (adessive plural)
ristiltäni (ablative singular)
risteiltäni (ablative plural)
ristilleni (allative singular)
risteilleni (allative plural)
ristinäni (essive singular)
risteinäni (essive plural)
ristikseni (singular translative)
risteikseni (plural translative)
ristittäni (abessive singular)
risteittäni (abessive plural)
risteineni (comitative plural)
ristisi (nominative singular)
ristisi (nominative plural)
ristisi (accusative nominative singular)
ristisi (accusative nominative plural)
ristisi (accusative genitive singular)
ristisi (accusative genitive plural)
ristisi (genitive singular)
ristiesi (genitive plural)
ristiäsi (partitive singular)
ristejäsi (partitive plural)
ristissäsi (inessive singular)
risteissäsi (inessive plural)
rististäsi (elative singular)
risteistäsi (elative plural)
ristiisi (illative singular)
risteihisi (illative plural)
ristilläsi (adessive singular)
risteilläsi (adessive plural)
ristiltäsi (ablative singular)
risteiltäsi (ablative plural)
ristillesi (allative singular)
risteillesi (allative plural)
ristinäsi (essive singular)
risteinäsi (essive plural)
ristiksesi (singular translative)
risteiksesi (plural translative)
ristittäsi (abessive singular)
risteittäsi (abessive plural)
risteinesi (comitative plural)
ristimme (nominative singular)
ristimme (nominative plural)
ristimme (accusative nominative singular)
ristimme (accusative nominative plural)
ristimme (accusative genitive singular)
ristimme (accusative genitive plural)
ristimme (genitive singular)
ristiemme (genitive plural)
ristiämme (partitive singular)
ristejämme (partitive plural)
ristissämme (inessive singular)
risteissämme (inessive plural)
rististämme (elative singular)
risteistämme (elative plural)
ristiimme (illative singular)
risteihimme (illative plural)
ristillämme (adessive singular)
risteillämme (adessive plural)
ristiltämme (ablative singular)
risteiltämme (ablative plural)
ristillemme (allative singular)
risteillemme (allative plural)
ristinämme (essive singular)
risteinämme (essive plural)
ristiksemme (singular translative)
risteiksemme (plural translative)
ristittämme (abessive singular)
risteittämme (abessive plural)
risteinemme (comitative plural)
ristinne (nominative singular)
ristinne (nominative plural)
ristinne (accusative nominative singular)
ristinne (accusative nominative plural)
ristinne (accusative genitive singular)
ristinne (accusative genitive plural)
ristinne (genitive singular)
ristienne (genitive plural)
ristiänne (partitive singular)
ristejänne (partitive plural)
ristissänne (inessive singular)
risteissänne (inessive plural)
rististänne (elative singular)
risteistänne (elative plural)
ristiinne (illative singular)
risteihinne (illative plural)
ristillänne (adessive singular)
risteillänne (adessive plural)
ristiltänne (ablative singular)
risteiltänne (ablative plural)
ristillenne (allative singular)
risteillenne (allative plural)
ristinänne (essive singular)
risteinänne (essive plural)
ristiksenne (singular translative)
risteiksenne (plural translative)
ristittänne (abessive singular)
risteittänne (abessive plural)
risteinenne (comitative plural)
ristinsä (nominative singular)
ristinsä (nominative plural)
ristinsä (accusative nominative singular)
ristinsä (accusative nominative plural)
ristinsä (accusative genitive singular)
ristinsä (accusative genitive plural)
ristinsä (genitive singular)
ristiensä (genitive plural)
ristiään (partitive singular)
ristiänsä (partitive singular)
ristejään (partitive plural)
ristejänsä (partitive plural)
ristissään (inessive singular)
ristissänsä (inessive singular)
risteissään (inessive plural)
risteissänsä (inessive plural)
rististään (elative singular)
rististänsä (elative singular)
risteistään (elative plural)
risteistänsä (elative plural)
ristiinsä (illative singular)
risteihinsä (illative plural)
ristillään (adessive singular)
ristillänsä (adessive singular)
risteillään (adessive plural)
risteillänsä (adessive plural)
ristiltään (ablative singular)
ristiltänsä (ablative singular)
risteiltään (ablative plural)
risteiltänsä (ablative plural)
ristilleen (allative singular)
ristillensä (allative singular)
risteilleen (allative plural)
risteillensä (allative plural)
ristinään (essive singular)
ristinänsä (essive singular)
risteinään (essive plural)
risteinänsä (essive plural)
ristikseen (singular translative)
ristiksensä (singular translative)
risteikseen (plural translative)
risteiksensä (plural translative)
ristittään (abessive singular)
ristittänsä (abessive singular)
risteittään (abessive plural)
risteittänsä (abessive plural)
risteineen (comitative plural)
risteinensä (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ, “cross”).
Further etymology
* Further from Proto-Slavic *krьstъ, from Old High German Krist, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós, “Christ”, literally “anointed”), thus distantly related to Kristus.
* Related to Estonian rist and Livonian rišt.
* The sense "clubs (card suit)" is a semantic loan from German Kreuz (as are Czech kříž, Russian кре́сти (krésti)), probably named so due to the shape's similarity to that of a cross (particularly the Greek cross and/or the cross pattée).


ponto

pontos (plural)
poncto (alternative obsolete)

From Old Galician-Portuguese ponto, from Latin punctum (“point”), from pungō (“to prick, to puncture, to punch”). Cognate with Spanish punto. Doublet of point.

(typography) point, a dot or tittle of a character


kulit

kulít (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
colit (alternative)
culit (alternative)


midline

(typography) The level of the top of the x-height of a typeface.


camel case

camelcase (alternative)
camelCase (alternative)
CamelCase (alternative)

From camel + case (“nature of a piece of alphabetic type”), probably modelled after lowercase and uppercase, from a fancied resemblance of the capital letters to the humps of a two-humped camel.

compound

Near-synonyms: intercapping, intercaps

In the SMIL 1.0 specification, test criteria were hyphenated (e.g., system-bitrate and system-screen-size). This was deprecated by the SMIL 2.0 specification in favor of camel case attributes to be consistent with other developing standards.

2001 September, Jennifer Niederst, “Introduction to SMIL”, in Lorrie LeJeune, Richard Korman, editors, Web Design in a Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference, 2nd edition, Sebastopol, Calif.: O’Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 457:

It's common practice to name private members in camelCase, that is with an initial lower case letter and a capital for the start of each word.

2003, Rob Birdwell [et al.], “Introduction to Objects”, in Beginning ASP.NET 1.0 with C#, Wrox Programmer to Programmer, Wiley Publishing, →ISBN, page 298:

Write element and attribute names in a style called "CamelCase." Elements reflecting an entity should be written in UpperCamelCase; elements and attributes reflecting a property should be written in lowerCamelCase.

2003, Berthold Daum, Udo Merten, “Groundwork”, in System Architecture with XML, San Francisco, Calif.: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, →ISBN, page 81:

Type and attribute names, and occasionally variable names, are traditionally written using camel case (with the first word lowercased and subsequent words title-cased, like dateTime), although there are exceptions to this rule (such as anyURI and QName), and some people prefer hyphenated lowercase words (like local-name).

2004 January, Michael Brundage, “Practical Examples”, in XQuery: The XML Query Language, Boston, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, →ISBN, part III (Application), pages 195–196:

RadioShack is an example of a company name that uses camel case. In some cases, technology uses camel case, such as VistaVision, which is a widescreen format for movies. It's little wonder that camel case appears in application code—everyone already knows how to use it. […] Microsoft and other industry leaders have modified the standard use of camel case. When you talk about camel casing for .NET, what you really mean is that the first letter of each word, except the first word, is capitalized. For example, if you want to create a variable that contains the background color for an object, you might call it backColor.

2009, John Paul Mueller, “Coding the Application”, in C# Design and Development (Expert One-on-One), Indianapolis, Ind.: Wrox Programmer to Programmer, Wiley Publishing, →ISBN, page 243:

CamelCase is a common way of writing variable names in programming. It allows the programmer or someone reading their code to easily parse long variable names. […] The key feature of camelCase is that it allows multiple words to be combined into one with a medial capital letter at the beginning of each original word. It is named camelCase because it looks a bit like the humps on a camel's back.

2023, Jenny Gibson Bond, “Variables and Components”, in Mark Taub, editor, Introduction to Game Design, Prototyping, and Development, 3rd edition, Boston, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, →ISBN, part II (Programming C# in Unity):

computer programming
computer programming

(typography, often programming) Especially in computer programming, and in the names of brands and organizations: a style of typography in which several words are concatenated together without any spaces between them, with the first letter of each word (sometimes excluding the first word) capitalized.


blackface

en-noun

blackface (countable and uncountable, plural blackfaces)

blackfaces (plural)
Blackface (alternative)

The laboratory procedure in the most important tests and methods is printed in blackface type for convenience of reference.

1917, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Journal - Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, →OCLC:

(uncountable, countable, typography) Synonym of boldface.


kereszt

keresztek (plural)
kereszt (nominative singular)
keresztek (nominative plural)
keresztet (accusative singular)
kereszteket (accusative plural)
keresztnek (dative singular)
kereszteknek (dative plural)
kereszttel (instrumental singular)
keresztekkel (instrumental plural)
keresztért (causal-final singular)
keresztekért (causal-final plural)
keresztté (singular translative)
keresztekké (plural translative)
keresztig (singular terminative)
keresztekig (plural terminative)
keresztként (essive-formal singular)
keresztekként (essive-formal plural)
keresztben (inessive singular)
keresztekben (inessive plural)
kereszten (singular superessive)
kereszteken (plural superessive)
keresztnél (adessive singular)
kereszteknél (adessive plural)
keresztbe (illative singular)
keresztekbe (illative plural)
keresztre (singular sublative)
keresztekre (plural sublative)
kereszthez (allative singular)
keresztekhez (allative plural)
keresztből (elative singular)
keresztekből (elative plural)
keresztről (delative singular)
keresztekről (delative plural)
kereszttől (ablative singular)
keresztektől (ablative plural)
kereszté (singular)
kereszteké (plural)
keresztéi (singular)
keresztekéi (plural)
keresztem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
keresztjeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
kereszted (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
keresztjeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
keresztje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
keresztjei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
keresztünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
keresztjeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
keresztetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
keresztjeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
keresztjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
keresztjeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from a South Slavic language. Compare Serbo-Croatian krst (“cross”) and Bulgarian кръст (krǎst). From Proto-Slavic *krьstъ.

(typography) dagger (the text character †, used for footnotes and to signify death)


fleuron

From Old French floron (“flower”), spelling later changed to match modern French fleuron.

Fleurons include ❦, 🙐, 🙘, 🙠, 🙨, ☘, 🙬, 🕊, ✾, 𐡷, 𐫱.

(typography) A decorative typographic element, used to separate passages or simply for decoration. Often doubled, e.g. 🙚 🙘 or 🙘🙚, or combined with other fleurons into a short line.


fleuron

Inherited from Old French floron, fleur + -on, architectural sense probably influenced by Italian fiorone.


helmi

helmi (nominative singular)
helmet (nominative plural)
helmi (accusative nominative singular)
helmet (accusative nominative plural)
helmen (accusative genitive singular)
helmet (accusative genitive plural)
helmen (genitive singular)
helmien (genitive plural)
helmeä (partitive singular)
helmiä (partitive plural)
helmessä (inessive singular)
helmissä (inessive plural)
helmestä (elative singular)
helmistä (elative plural)
helmeen (illative singular)
helmiin (illative plural)
helmellä (adessive singular)
helmillä (adessive plural)
helmeltä (ablative singular)
helmiltä (ablative plural)
helmelle (allative singular)
helmille (allative plural)
helmenä (essive singular)
helminä (essive plural)
helmeksi (singular translative)
helmiksi (plural translative)
helmettä (abessive singular)
helmittä (abessive plural)
helmin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
helmeni (nominative singular)
helmeni (nominative plural)
helmeni (accusative nominative singular)
helmeni (accusative nominative plural)
helmeni (accusative genitive singular)
helmeni (accusative genitive plural)
helmeni (genitive singular)
helmieni (genitive plural)
helmeäni (partitive singular)
helmiäni (partitive plural)
helmessäni (inessive singular)
helmissäni (inessive plural)
helmestäni (elative singular)
helmistäni (elative plural)
helmeeni (illative singular)
helmiini (illative plural)
helmelläni (adessive singular)
helmilläni (adessive plural)
helmeltäni (ablative singular)
helmiltäni (ablative plural)
helmelleni (allative singular)
helmilleni (allative plural)
helmenäni (essive singular)
helminäni (essive plural)
helmekseni (singular translative)
helmikseni (plural translative)
helmettäni (abessive singular)
helmittäni (abessive plural)
helmineni (comitative plural)
helmesi (nominative singular)
helmesi (nominative plural)
helmesi (accusative nominative singular)
helmesi (accusative nominative plural)
helmesi (accusative genitive singular)
helmesi (accusative genitive plural)
helmesi (genitive singular)
helmiesi (genitive plural)
helmeäsi (partitive singular)
helmiäsi (partitive plural)
helmessäsi (inessive singular)
helmissäsi (inessive plural)
helmestäsi (elative singular)
helmistäsi (elative plural)
helmeesi (illative singular)
helmiisi (illative plural)
helmelläsi (adessive singular)
helmilläsi (adessive plural)
helmeltäsi (ablative singular)
helmiltäsi (ablative plural)
helmellesi (allative singular)
helmillesi (allative plural)
helmenäsi (essive singular)
helminäsi (essive plural)
helmeksesi (singular translative)
helmiksesi (plural translative)
helmettäsi (abessive singular)
helmittäsi (abessive plural)
helminesi (comitative plural)
helmemme (nominative singular)
helmemme (nominative plural)
helmemme (accusative nominative singular)
helmemme (accusative nominative plural)
helmemme (accusative genitive singular)
helmemme (accusative genitive plural)
helmemme (genitive singular)
helmiemme (genitive plural)
helmeämme (partitive singular)
helmiämme (partitive plural)
helmessämme (inessive singular)
helmissämme (inessive plural)
helmestämme (elative singular)
helmistämme (elative plural)
helmeemme (illative singular)
helmiimme (illative plural)
helmellämme (adessive singular)
helmillämme (adessive plural)
helmeltämme (ablative singular)
helmiltämme (ablative plural)
helmellemme (allative singular)
helmillemme (allative plural)
helmenämme (essive singular)
helminämme (essive plural)
helmeksemme (singular translative)
helmiksemme (plural translative)
helmettämme (abessive singular)
helmittämme (abessive plural)
helminemme (comitative plural)
helmenne (nominative singular)
helmenne (nominative plural)
helmenne (accusative nominative singular)
helmenne (accusative nominative plural)
helmenne (accusative genitive singular)
helmenne (accusative genitive plural)
helmenne (genitive singular)
helmienne (genitive plural)
helmeänne (partitive singular)
helmiänne (partitive plural)
helmessänne (inessive singular)
helmissänne (inessive plural)
helmestänne (elative singular)
helmistänne (elative plural)
helmeenne (illative singular)
helmiinne (illative plural)
helmellänne (adessive singular)
helmillänne (adessive plural)
helmeltänne (ablative singular)
helmiltänne (ablative plural)
helmellenne (allative singular)
helmillenne (allative plural)
helmenänne (essive singular)
helminänne (essive plural)
helmeksenne (singular translative)
helmiksenne (plural translative)
helmettänne (abessive singular)
helmittänne (abessive plural)
helminenne (comitative plural)
helmensä (nominative singular)
helmensä (nominative plural)
helmensä (accusative nominative singular)
helmensä (accusative nominative plural)
helmensä (accusative genitive singular)
helmensä (accusative genitive plural)
helmensä (genitive singular)
helmiensä (genitive plural)
helmeään (partitive singular)
helmeänsä (partitive singular)
helmiään (partitive plural)
helmiänsä (partitive plural)
helmessään (inessive singular)
helmessänsä (inessive singular)
helmissään (inessive plural)
helmissänsä (inessive plural)
helmestään (elative singular)
helmestänsä (elative singular)
helmistään (elative plural)
helmistänsä (elative plural)
helmeensä (illative singular)
helmiinsä (illative plural)
helmellään (adessive singular)
helmellänsä (adessive singular)
helmillään (adessive plural)
helmillänsä (adessive plural)
helmeltään (ablative singular)
helmeltänsä (ablative singular)
helmiltään (ablative plural)
helmiltänsä (ablative plural)
helmelleen (allative singular)
helmellensä (allative singular)
helmilleen (allative plural)
helmillensä (allative plural)
helmenään (essive singular)
helmenänsä (essive singular)
helminään (essive plural)
helminänsä (essive plural)
helmekseen (singular translative)
helmeksensä (singular translative)
helmikseen (plural translative)
helmiksensä (plural translative)
helmettään (abessive singular)
helmettänsä (abessive singular)
helmittään (abessive plural)
helmittänsä (abessive plural)
helmineen (comitative plural)
helminensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *helmi, which may be a substrate word.


häntä

häntä (nominative singular)
hännät (nominative plural)
häntä (accusative nominative singular)
hännät (accusative nominative plural)
hännän (accusative genitive singular)
hännät (accusative genitive plural)
hännän (genitive singular)
häntien (genitive plural)
häntäin (genitive plural rare)
häntää (partitive singular)
häntiä (partitive plural)
hännässä (inessive singular)
hännissä (inessive plural)
hännästä (elative singular)
hännistä (elative plural)
häntään (illative singular)
häntiin (illative plural)
hännällä (adessive singular)
hännillä (adessive plural)
hännältä (ablative singular)
hänniltä (ablative plural)
hännälle (allative singular)
hännille (allative plural)
häntänä (essive singular)
häntinä (essive plural)
hännäksi (singular translative)
hänniksi (plural translative)
hännättä (abessive singular)
hännittä (abessive plural)
hännin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
häntäni (nominative singular)
häntäni (nominative plural)
häntäni (accusative nominative singular)
häntäni (accusative nominative plural)
häntäni (accusative genitive singular)
häntäni (accusative genitive plural)
häntäni (genitive singular)
häntieni (genitive plural)
häntäini (genitive plural rare)
häntääni (partitive singular)
häntiäni (partitive plural)
hännässäni (inessive singular)
hännissäni (inessive plural)
hännästäni (elative singular)
hännistäni (elative plural)
häntääni (illative singular)
häntiini (illative plural)
hännälläni (adessive singular)
hännilläni (adessive plural)
hännältäni (ablative singular)
hänniltäni (ablative plural)
hännälleni (allative singular)
hännilleni (allative plural)
häntänäni (essive singular)
häntinäni (essive plural)
hännäkseni (singular translative)
hännikseni (plural translative)
hännättäni (abessive singular)
hännittäni (abessive plural)
häntineni (comitative plural)
häntäsi (nominative singular)
häntäsi (nominative plural)
häntäsi (accusative nominative singular)
häntäsi (accusative nominative plural)
häntäsi (accusative genitive singular)
häntäsi (accusative genitive plural)
häntäsi (genitive singular)
häntiesi (genitive plural)
häntäisi (genitive plural rare)
häntääsi (partitive singular)
häntiäsi (partitive plural)
hännässäsi (inessive singular)
hännissäsi (inessive plural)
hännästäsi (elative singular)
hännistäsi (elative plural)
häntääsi (illative singular)
häntiisi (illative plural)
hännälläsi (adessive singular)
hännilläsi (adessive plural)
hännältäsi (ablative singular)
hänniltäsi (ablative plural)
hännällesi (allative singular)
hännillesi (allative plural)
häntänäsi (essive singular)
häntinäsi (essive plural)
hännäksesi (singular translative)
hänniksesi (plural translative)
hännättäsi (abessive singular)
hännittäsi (abessive plural)
häntinesi (comitative plural)
häntämme (nominative singular)
häntämme (nominative plural)
häntämme (accusative nominative singular)
häntämme (accusative nominative plural)
häntämme (accusative genitive singular)
häntämme (accusative genitive plural)
häntämme (genitive singular)
häntiemme (genitive plural)
häntäimme (genitive plural rare)
häntäämme (partitive singular)
häntiämme (partitive plural)
hännässämme (inessive singular)
hännissämme (inessive plural)
hännästämme (elative singular)
hännistämme (elative plural)
häntäämme (illative singular)
häntiimme (illative plural)
hännällämme (adessive singular)
hännillämme (adessive plural)
hännältämme (ablative singular)
hänniltämme (ablative plural)
hännällemme (allative singular)
hännillemme (allative plural)
häntänämme (essive singular)
häntinämme (essive plural)
hännäksemme (singular translative)
hänniksemme (plural translative)
hännättämme (abessive singular)
hännittämme (abessive plural)
häntinemme (comitative plural)
häntänne (nominative singular)
häntänne (nominative plural)
häntänne (accusative nominative singular)
häntänne (accusative nominative plural)
häntänne (accusative genitive singular)
häntänne (accusative genitive plural)
häntänne (genitive singular)
häntienne (genitive plural)
häntäinne (genitive plural rare)
häntäänne (partitive singular)
häntiänne (partitive plural)
hännässänne (inessive singular)
hännissänne (inessive plural)
hännästänne (elative singular)
hännistänne (elative plural)
häntäänne (illative singular)
häntiinne (illative plural)
hännällänne (adessive singular)
hännillänne (adessive plural)
hännältänne (ablative singular)
hänniltänne (ablative plural)
hännällenne (allative singular)
hännillenne (allative plural)
häntänänne (essive singular)
häntinänne (essive plural)
hännäksenne (singular translative)
hänniksenne (plural translative)
hännättänne (abessive singular)
hännittänne (abessive plural)
häntinenne (comitative plural)
häntänsä (nominative singular)
häntänsä (nominative plural)
häntänsä (accusative nominative singular)
häntänsä (accusative nominative plural)
häntänsä (accusative genitive singular)
häntänsä (accusative genitive plural)
häntänsä (genitive singular)
häntiensä (genitive plural)
häntäinsä (genitive plural rare)
häntäänsä (partitive singular)
häntiään (partitive plural)
häntiänsä (partitive plural)
hännässään (inessive singular)
hännässänsä (inessive singular)
hännissään (inessive plural)
hännissänsä (inessive plural)
hännästään (elative singular)
hännästänsä (elative singular)
hännistään (elative plural)
hännistänsä (elative plural)
häntäänsä (illative singular)
häntiinsä (illative plural)
hännällään (adessive singular)
hännällänsä (adessive singular)
hännillään (adessive plural)
hännillänsä (adessive plural)
hännältään (ablative singular)
hännältänsä (ablative singular)
hänniltään (ablative plural)
hänniltänsä (ablative plural)
hännälleen (allative singular)
hännällensä (allative singular)
hännilleen (allative plural)
hännillensä (allative plural)
häntänään (essive singular)
häntänänsä (essive singular)
häntinään (essive plural)
häntinänsä (essive plural)
hännäkseen (singular translative)
hännäksensä (singular translative)
hännikseen (plural translative)
hänniksensä (plural translative)
hännättään (abessive singular)
hännättänsä (abessive singular)
hännittään (abessive plural)
hännittänsä (abessive plural)
häntineen (comitative plural)
häntinensä (comitative plural)


wingding

After the Wingdings font developed by Microsoft in 1990. Its name was presumably derived from dingbat and earlier senses of wingding.

Instead of going through the menu selections needed to insert a special symbol like a Wingding, you can rely on AutoCorrect to substitute the symbol for the text you type […]

2004, Mary Millhollon, Katherine Murray, Microsoft Office Word 2003 Inside Out, page 202:

Don't know a wingding from a ring-a-ding-ding? Check out one of the For Dummies books on Microsoft Office.

2011, Suzanne Gilad, Copyediting and Proofreading For Dummies, page 179:

(computing, typography) A dingbat (ornamental typographical symbol), especially one from the Wingdings font.


corsivo

it-adj

corsivo (feminine corsiva, masculine plural corsivi, feminine plural corsive)

corsiva (feminine)
corsivi (masculine plural)
corsive (feminine plural)

From Medieval Latin cursīvus (probably a semi-learned borrowing), from Latin cursus.

il Nome d’un Paeſe è intagliato in lettere capitali tonde; e quelle d’un altro Paeſe, che vi è come incaﬅrato, in lettere capitali corſive

1693, Vincenzo Coronelli, “Delli caratteri, e punti [Of characters and punctuation marks]” (chapter 11), in Epitome cosmografica [Cosmographic epitome], page 369:

A country's name is etched in regular capital letters; and those of a different country, which is sort of embedded in it, in italic capital letters


corsivo

L’Abecedario Latino […] in rigore non hà che 19 Lettere, che ſono le ſeguenti majuſcole, e minuſcole, tanto in carattere tondo quanto in corſivo

1701, Vincenzo Coronelli, “ABEC”, in Biblioteca universale sacro-profana, antico-moderna, volume 1, Venice: Antonio Tivani, section 1841, page 387:

The Latin abecedarium strictly contains only 19 letters, which are the following, uppercase and lowercase, in both regular font and in italics

Smessa però quella mania di stampare tutto in corsivo, che stanca l’occhio del lettore, le edizioni tornarono all’ordine consueto

1870 May 1, “Sull’uso del corsivo, e bisogno potente di alcune riforme nell’inglese e nel ronde [On the use of italics, and the urgent need of reforms in English, and in regular character]”, in L’arte della stampa (anno II; 3), page 22:

But once that frenzy of printing everything in italics, which is tiring to the reader's eye, was over, publications went back to the usual form

Per formattare il testo in corsivo premete CTRL+I

1999, Giulia Maselli, Leonardo Pedersoli, transl., “La formattazione dei caratteri [Formatting of characters]” (chapter 11), in Word 2000 per Windows For Dummies, translation of Word 2000 For Windows For Dummies by Dan Gookin, →ISBN, page 142:


italicized

Claire, however, sat looking profoundly unamused by her family’s spirited, italicized conversations.

1991, Douglas Coupland, “It Can't Last”, in Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 34:


krampo

eo-head

krampo (accusative singular krampon, plural krampoj, accusative plural krampojn)

krampon (accusative singular)
krampoj (plural)
krampojn (accusative plural)

From French crampe and German Krampe, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp; clasp”). Compare Portuguese grampo. Doublet of kramfo.


line feed

(typography) On a typewriter, the action of the carriage roller to push the page up one or more lines, often simultaneously with executing a carriage return.


line feed

en-verb

line feed (third-person singular simple present line feeds, present participle line feeding, simple past and past participle line fed)

line feeds (present singular third-person)
line feeding (participle present)
line fed (participle past)
line fed (past)

(typography) To advance the page one line at a time, particularly in rapid succession.


descender

(typography) The part of a letter or number that is drawn below the baseline (the bottom of most lowercase letters).

(typography, uncommon) A letter that has such a portion, such as g, j, or in some fonts Q.


espace

Inherited from Middle French espace, from Old French espace, borrowed from Latin spatium.

espace insécable


Kleinbuchstabe

de-noun

Kleinbuchstabe m (mixed, genitive Kleinbuchstabens or Kleinbuchstaben, plural Kleinbuchstaben)

Kleinbuchstabens (genitive)
Kleinbuchstaben (genitive)
Kleinbuchstaben (plural)
Kleinbuchstabe (nominative singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (definite nominative plural)
Kleinbuchstabens (genitive singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (genitive singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (definite genitive plural)
Kleinbuchstabe (dative singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (dative definite plural)
Kleinbuchstabe (accusative singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (accusative definite plural)

Compound klein (“small”) + Buchstabe (“letter”), from Old High German klein (“small, sharp-witted, fine”) and Old High German buohstab (“letter, writing”).

der

(orthography, typography) minuscule letter, lowercase letter


angle bracket

Any of a number of angle-shaped brackets.

(typography, mathematics) Either of a pair of symbols, ⟨ ⟩, used to enclose text in various technical contexts, and in mathematical formulas to denote an interval, a continuous parameter or an inner product.

(typography) Either of a pair of symbols, 〈 〉, used in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean punctuation.


trom

From Old Irish trom, from Proto-Celtic *trummos (compare Welsh trwm).

clò trom


tracking

en-noun

tracking (countable and uncountable, plural trackings)

(typography) A consistent adjustment of space between individual letters; letterspacing.


calderón

From caldera (“cauldron”) + -ón, or from a derivative of Late Latin caldaria or Latin caldarium. Compare Portuguese caldeirão, Italian calderone and French chaudron. Doublet of chodrón.


وقف

ur-noun

وَقْف • (vaqf) m (Hindi spelling वक़्फ़)

وَقْف (canonical)
vaqf (romanization)
वक़्फ़ (Hindi)
وقف (direct singular)
وقف (direct plural)
وقف (oblique singular)
وقفوں (oblique plural)
وقف (singular vocative)
وقفو (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian وقف (waqf), from Arabic وَقْف (waqf).


cauda

From Old Galician-Portuguese, borrowed from Latin cauda. Doublet of cola, which was inherited.

tail; tail end (posterior part or appendage of an object)

(typography, informal) tail; descender (stroke below the baseline of a letter)


fac

If a Fac or Flowered letter be deeper than the Composing-stick we measure the exact width of it by Quotations, or common Quadrats; which we put into our Stick, and the Fac into the Galley, and then compose, and empty each time so many lines as our measure in the Stick will allow, till we have composed so many as reach something beyond the Depth of the Fac, that by justifying it up to the lines, its touching the letters underneath may be prevented.

1771, Philip Luckombe, The History and Art of Printing, page 385:

This combination of art and accident may be continued to any given length, as punches for letter-press may be formed of steel broken as above, by cutting, drilling, punching, bending (and all their varieties upon the same principle) parts of the letters and leaving the grain of the steel, &c. to form the lines or strokes, with all its accidental irregularities, and in this way title letters and two-line letters, facs, and complex founts of types, might be cast, every letter of which would vary in its lines from every other, and in larger letters a little art might be combin'd with accident so as to make the distinctions from all others obvious to a common observer.

1859, Robert Barclay, “A.D. 1790, July 26 -- No. 1766”, in Great Britain. Patent Office, editor, Patents for Invention, page 101:

The Fac Initial, a cheap substitute for the Pierced Initial, is made by combinations of small borders about an interior letter. As these borders are troublesome to construct and too often plainly show their joints, the Fac Initial is seldom made now.

1907, De Vinne Press, Types of the De Vinne Press, page 45:

(typography, rare) A factotum letter, or a similar kind of ornamentally bordered letter formerly used at the start of a chapter or section of a book.


ronde

(typography, dated) A kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look.


aspa

(typography) quotation mark; inverted comma (the character ‘, ’ or '')


colonna

→ Greek: κολόνα (kolóna)

→ Lithuanian: kolona

→ Romanian: coloană

→ Russian: коло́нна (kolónna)

→ Serbo-Croatian: kolona