AA

en-noun

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

(immunology) Initialism of anti-antibody.


hay fever

hay fever (usually uncountable, plural hay fevers)

First attested by John Bostock in 1819. The smell of hay in the summer was thought to be the origin of the condition.

(pathology, immunology) An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis.


leukocyte

In disease of the spleen, especially Banti's disease or fibro-adenia of the spleen, the increase of leukocytes is absent or slight, with no relative lymphocytosis.

1923, International Medical Digest, page 316:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

(hematology, cytology, immunology) Any of a class of blood cells that play various roles in cell-mediated immunity.


self

→ Korean: 셀프 (selpeu)

Sranan Tongo: srefi

Southern US, African-American Vernacular, dated

From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.

Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. [...] Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.

2000, G Ristori et al., “Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens”, in FASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume 14, number 3, →PMID, pages 431–438:

In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

(molecular biology, immunology) Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).


self

Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. However, epitopes whose probability of mimicry with self or nonself prevails are, respectively, tolerated or immunodominant and coexist within the same (auto-)antigen regardless of its self/nonself nature. Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.

(molecular biology, immunology) Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).


ABC

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

(immunology, medicine) Initialism of antigen-binding capacity.

Together, these findings indicate that CD21/35⁻CD23⁻ B cells do not correspond to any previously defined B-cell subset, but share some characteristics with exhausted B cells. Because they emerge and may eventually predominate with age, we have termed them age-associated B cells (ABCs).

2011 August 4, Yi Hao, Patrick O'Neill, Martin S. Naradikian, Jean L. Scholz, Michael P. Cancro, “A B-cell subset uniquely responsive to innate stimuli accumulates in aged mice”, in Blood, volume 118, number 5, →DOI, page 1296:

(immunology) Initialism of age-associated B cell.


CD

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.

cluster of differentiation
cluster of differentiation#English

(immunology, biochemistry) Initialism of cluster of differentiation.


belch

en-verb

belch (third-person singular simple present belches, present participle belching, simple past and past participle belched)

belches (present singular third-person)
belching (participle present)
belched (participle past)
belched (past)

From Middle English belchen, from Old English bielċan, from Proto-Germanic *balkijaną, *belkaną, probably ultimately of imitative origin.
Related to Dutch balken (“to bray”), Middle Low German belken (“to shout”), Low German bölken (“to shout, bark”), Old English bealċettan (“to utter, send forth”). See also English bolk, boak.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

'Tis not a year or two shows us a man:
They are all but stomachs, and we all but food;
To eat us hungerly, and when they are full,
They belch us.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

1746, attributed to Jonathan Swift, "A Love Poem form a Physician to his Mistress," http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14353/pg14353-images.html
When I an amorous kiss design'd,
I belch'd a hurricane of wind.

She eats too fast, belches behind a cupped hand, smiles.

1980, J. M. Coetzee, Waiting for the Barbarians, Penguin, 19982, Chapter 2, p. 41:

(transitive, intransitive, immunology) To expel (gas) from the stomach through the mouth; especially, to do so loudly.

تَجَشَّأَ

expel gas from the stomach through the mouth


IC

en-noun

IC (countable and uncountable, plural ICs)

(immunology) Initialism of immune complex.


DAMP

DAMP (countable and uncountable, plural DAMPs)

→ Swedish: damp, DAMP

(immunology) Initialism of damage-associated molecular pattern.


anti-

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Doublet of ante-.

anti- + rabbit → antirabbit

anti- + horse → antihorse

(immunology) Reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal.


anti-

Borrowed from Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).

(immunology) reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal


anti-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).


conjugate

/ˈkɔn.d͡ʒə.ɡæɪt/

From the participle stem of Latin coniugō (“to yoke together”), from con- (“with”) + iugō (“to join”).

(immunology) A weak and a strong antigen covalently linked together


complement

en-noun

complement (countable and uncountable, plural complements)

From Middle English complement, from Latin complēmentum (“that which fills up or completes”), from compleō (“I fill up, I complete”) (English complete). Doublet of compliment. The verb is from the noun.

der

(immunology) One of several blood proteins that work with antibodies during an immune response.

komplementti

one of several blood proteins that work with antibodies during an immune response


hypoallergenic

Coined between 1950 and 1955 from hypo- + allergenic. Some say that it was coined by advertisers in 1953. Merriam-Webster puts the date at 1940.

(immunology) Relating to a hypoallergen.


macrophage

From macro- + -phage, both from Ancient Greek.

innate immune system
innate immune system

(immunology, cytology) A white blood cell that phagocytizes necrotic cell debris and foreign material, including viruses, bacteria, and tattoo ink. It presents foreign antigens on MHC II to lymphocytes. Part of the innate immune system.


LT

en-noun

LT (countable and uncountable, plural LTs)

(biochemistry, immunology) Initialism of leukotriene.


presentation

presentation (countable and uncountable, plural presentations)

/ˌpɹɛzənˈteɪʃən/

From Old French presentation (French présentation), from Latin praesentātiōnem, accusative singular of praesentātiō (“representation, exhibition”).
Morphologically present + -ation

(immunology) The preparation of antigen fragments during the immune response.


thymus

From New Latin thymus, from Ancient Greek θύμος (thúmos, “warty excrescence, (also, as used by Galen) thymus gland”).

der

For a very long time the role of the thymus in the body was a complete mystery.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 234:

(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of thymus gland (“A ductless gland, consisting mainly of lymphatic tissue, located behind the top of the breastbone. It is most active during puberty, after which it shrinks in size. It plays an important role in the development of the immune system and produces lymphocytes.”).

غُدَّة زَعْتَرِيَّة

ductless gland located behind the breastbone


serum

id-noun

serum (plural serum-serum, first-person possessive serumku, second-person possessive serummu, third-person possessive serumnya)

serum-serum (plural)
serumku (first-person possessive)
serummu (possessive second-person)
serumnya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch serum (“serum”), from Latin serum.

(immunology) blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.


decoration

en-noun

decoration (countable and uncountable, plural decorations)

/ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/

From Latin decoratio: compare French décoration.
Morphologically decorate + -ion

(biochemistry, immunology) The use of exotic sugars as decoys to distract the immune system of a host


inoculation

inoculation (countable and uncountable, plural inoculations)

/ɪˌnɒkjʊˈleɪʃən/

/ɪˌnɑkjəˈleɪʃən/

From Latin inoculātio. Equivalent to inoculate + -ion.

We owe, also, to Lady Mary the introduction of inoculation—the moral courage she displayed; the blessing conferred by her exertions may well silence the harsh judgment which suits so little with our narrow and finite intelligence.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The End”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 326:

(immunology) The introduction of an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.

تَلْقِيح

introduction of substance into the body to produce immunity


adjuvant

From Latin adiuvāns, present participle of adiuvāre (“to help”), from ad (“to”) + iuvāre (“to help”).

The well-known tropic action of immune serum as an adjuvant to phagocytosis suggested early in our studies that we might here be dealing with a similar phenomenon.

Gay, Frederick P., Claypole, Edit J. (1914) “Specific Hyperleukocytosis: Studies In Typhoid Immunization”, in Archives of Internal Medicine, volume XIV, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, retrieved 2020-04-16, pages 662–670

(immunology) A substance enhancing the immune response to an antigen. [from 20th c.]

adjuvans

immunology: substance enhancing the immune response


recognize

en-verb

recognize (third-person singular simple present recognizes, present participle recognizing, simple past and past participle recognized)

tlb

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

recognizes (present singular third-person)
recognizing (participle present)
recognized (participle past)
recognized (past)

Borrowed from Middle French reconoistre, from Old French reconoistre, from Latin recognoscere, first attested in the 16th century. Displaced native English acknow (“to recognize, perceive as”), compare German erkennen and Swedish erkänna. Latin had rare recognizare (“to try by jury”).

cog

/ˈɹekəɡnɑɪz/

(immunology) To have the property to bind to specific antigens.


spleen

en-noun

spleen (countable and uncountable, plural spleens)

Tok Pisin: splin

→ French: spleen

→ German: Spleen

→ Ido: spleno

→ Polish: splin, spleen

→ Romanian: spleen

→ Spanish: esplín

→ Swedish: spleen

From Middle English splene, splen, from Anglo-Norman espleen and Old French esplein, esplen, from Latin splēn (“milt”), from Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “the spleen”). Doublet of lien. Partially displaced the native English term milt.

der

(anatomy, immunology) In vertebrates, including humans, a ductless vascular gland, located in the left upper abdomen near the stomach, which destroys old red blood cells, removes debris from the bloodstream, acts as a reservoir of blood, and produces lymphocytes.


specific

en-adj

specific (comparative more specific, superlative most specific)

more specific (comparative)
most specific (superlative)

From Old French specifique, from Late Latin specificus (“specific, particular”), from Latin speciēs (“kind”) + faciō (“make”).

der

(immunology) limited to a particular antibody or antigen.

spesifinen

being limited to a particular antibody or antigen


allergy

→ Bengali: এলার্জি (elarji)

→ Cebuano: alerdyi

→ Hindi: एलर्जी (elarjī)

→ Urdu: الرجی (alarjī)

Borrowed from German Allergie. Coined by Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906 from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work, activity”), on the model of Energie.

en:any hypersensitivity reaction or process

(medicine, immunology, broadly) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma; any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance.

en:class I hypersensitivity reaction or process

(medicine, immunology, strictly) Specifically, hypersensitivity of class I in the modern classification thereof: the immunoglobulin E–mediated type.


vaccine

PIE word
 *woḱéh₂
Learned borrowing from Latin vaccīnus (“of or derived from a cow”), from vacca (“cow (female cattle)”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Sense 1 refers to the early use of the cowpox virus as a vaccination against smallpox: see New Latin variolae vaccīnae (“cowpox”, plural, literally “infectious diseases of cattle causing pustules”), coined by the British physician and scientist Edward Jenner (1749–1823).

cog

I will call upon them: they are healthy children, we can have the vaccine infection from them, and I will inoculate the boy myself.

1804, Maria Edgeworth, “To-morrow. Chapter VII. Moral Habits Seldom Changed by Change of Fortune.”, in Popular Tales, volume III, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […], [b]y C. Mercier and Co., […], →OCLC, page 389:

(immunology) Of or pertaining to cowpox as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox; also, of or pertaining to such material used for vaccination.

lehmänrokko-

of or pertaining to cowpox as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox; of or pertaining to such material used for vaccination


vaccine

en-noun

vaccine (countable and uncountable, plural vaccines)

The noun is probably partly:
* derived from vaccine (adjective) (see etymology 1); and
* borrowed from French vaccine (“cowpox (short for variole vaccine); vaccination against smallpox using material from cowpox”), vaccin (“cowpox material used for smallpox vaccination”), both noun uses of vaccin (adjective), from Latin vaccīnus (see etymology 1).
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Italian vaccina
* Portuguese vacina
* Spanish vacuna

bor

I am much inclined to the vaccine. My friend, Mr. L—, has had all his children vaccined, and I just wait to see the effect.

1804, Maria Edgeworth, “To-morrow. Chapter VII. Moral Habits Seldom Changed by Change of Fortune.”, in Popular Tales, volume III, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […], [b]y C. Mercier and Co., […], →OCLC, page 387:

But he really ought to know the difference between a vaccine and an anti-toxin. Stimulate the phagocytes! The vaccine doesnt affect the phagocytes at all.

1906 (date written), [George] Bernard Shaw, “The Doctor’s Dilemma”, in The Doctor’s Dilemma, Getting Married, & The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet, London: Constable and Company, published 1911, →OCLC, Act I, page 28:

South Korea is willing to cooperate with the North to tackle the disease outbreak, but Pyongyang remains unresponsive to any offers for dialogue, including Seoul's earlier proposal to provide COVID vaccines, said another official at the unification ministry.
South Hwanghae Province, where Haeju is located, is North Korea's key agricultural region, raising concerns over possible impacts on the country's already dire food shortage.

2022 June 16, Soo-Hyang Choi, Hyonhee Shin, “North Korea faces infectious disease outbreak amid COVID battle”, in Lincoln Feast, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-06-16:

A substance given to stimulate a body's production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease without causing the disease itself in the treatment, prepared from the agent that causes the disease (or a derivative of it; or a related, also effective, but safer disease), or a synthetic substitute; also, a dose of such a substance.

vaksine

substance given to stimulate a body’s production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease

My dog has had two vaccines this year.

The process of vaccination; immunization, inoculation.

(historical) material taken from cowpox pustules used for vaccination against smallpox.

lehmänrokosta tehty isorokkorokote

(also medicine, obsolete) The disease cowpox, especially as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox.


monocyte

(immunology, cytology) A type of leukocyte (white blood cell) that differentiates into a macrophage.


lymphocyte

(cytology, immunology) Any of several types of white blood cell with a spherical nucleus occurring in the lymphatic system, including B cells, T cells and natural killer cells.

leucocyte = leukocyte = white blood cell = WBC > agranulocyte


phagocytosis

en-noun

phagocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural phagocytoses)

From German Phagocytosis; equivalent to phagocyte + -osis; compare French phagocytose.

On account of the possession of this property, Metschnikoff has suggested for these groups of cells the term phagocytes, as expressive of their most distinctive feature, and for the process in general the term phagocytosis.

1889 April 13, William Osler, “Original Lectures: On Phagocytes”, in Medical Record, volume 35, number 15, page 393:

(immunology, cytology) A form of endocytosis in which a cell incorporates a particle by extending pseudopodia and drawing the particle into a vacuole of its cytoplasm.


white blood cell

white blood cell (plural white blood cells)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-white blood cell.wav

(hematology, cytology, immunology) A type of blood cell that is involved with an immune response, or part of the immune system.

witbloedselle

cytology: a type of blood cell that is involved with an immune response


antibody

From anti- + body, a calque of German Antikörper.

(immunology) A protein produced by B-lymphocytes that binds to a specific antigen.

جِسْم مُضَادّ

protein that binds to a specific antigen


antigen

From French antigène, from anti- + gène.

(immunology) A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.


antigen

az-noun

antigen (definite accusative antigeni, plural antigenlər)

antigeni (accusative definite)
antigenlər (plural)
antigen (nominative singular)
antigenlər (nominative plural)
antigeni (accusative definite singular)
antigenləri (accusative definite plural)
antigenə (dative singular)
antigenlərə (dative plural)
antigendə (locative singular)
antigenlərdə (locative plural)
antigendən (ablative singular)
antigenlərdən (ablative plural)
antigenin (definite genitive singular)
antigenlərin (definite genitive plural)
antigenim (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
antigenlərim (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
antigenin (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
antigenlərin (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
antigeni (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
antigenləri (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
antigenimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
antigenlərimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
antigeniniz (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
antigenləriniz (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
antigeni (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenləri (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenləri (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
antigenimi (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
antigenlərimi (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
antigenini (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
antigenlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
antigenini (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
antigenlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
antigenimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
antigenlərimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
antigeninizi (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
antigenlərinizi (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
antigenini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərini (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
antigenimə (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
antigenlərimə (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
antigeninə (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
antigenlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
antigeninə (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
antigenlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
antigenimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
antigenlərimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
antigeninizə (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
antigenlərinizə (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
antigeninə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərinə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərinə (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
antigenimdə (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
antigenlərimdə (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
antigenində (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
antigenlərində (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
antigenində (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
antigenlərində (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
antigenimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
antigenlərimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
antigeninizdə (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
antigenlərinizdə (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
antigenində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərində (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
antigenimdən (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
antigenlərimdən (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
antigenindən (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
antigenlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
antigenindən (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
antigenlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
antigenimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
antigenlərimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
antigeninizdən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
antigenlərinizdən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
antigenindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərindən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
antigenimin (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
antigenlərimin (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
antigeninin (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
antigenlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
antigeninin (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
antigenlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
antigenimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
antigenlərimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
antigeninizin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
antigenlərinizin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
antigeninin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərinin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antigenlərinin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


antigen

id-noun

antigen (plural antigen-antigen, first-person possessive antigenku, second-person possessive antigenmu, third-person possessive antigennya)

antigen-antigen (plural)
antigenku (first-person possessive)
antigenmu (possessive second-person)
antigennya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Dutch antigeen (“antigen”), from French antigène, from anti- + gène.

bor+

(immunology) antigen: a substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.


antigen

ms-noun

antigen (plural antigen-antigen, informal 1st possessive antigenku, 2nd possessive antigenmu, 3rd possessive antigennya)

antigen-antigen (plural)
antigenku (first-person informal possessive)
antigenmu (possessive second-person)
antigennya (possessive third-person)

Ultimately from French antigène, from anti- + gène.


recognition

en-noun

recognition (usually uncountable, plural recognitions)

/ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/

From Middle English recognicion, from Middle French recognicion, recognition and its etymon Latin recognitiōnem (accusative of recognitiō), from recognitus, past participle of recognōscere.

(immunology) The propriety consisting for antibodies to bind to some specific antigens and not to others.


lymph

lymph (usually uncountable, plural lymphs)

Borrowing from French lymphe and/or Latin lympha (“clear water”), from Ancient Greek νῠ́μφη (númphē, “bride; spring water”). Doublet of nymph.

der

She lay face-down, an infected puncture point on the inside of her thigh oozing a faint lymph.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate 2011, page 268:

(physiology) A colourless, watery, coagulable bodily fluid which bathes the tissues and is carried by the lymphatic system into the bloodstream; it resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets.

(immunology) The discharge from a sore, inflammation etc.


pathogen

/ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.” His quest leads him around the world to study a variety of suspect zoonoses—animal-hosted pathogens that infect humans.

2013 January 20, Katie L. Burke, “Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 2017-02-09, page 64:

(pathology, immunology) An agent that can cause disease, especially an infectious microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoon or fungus.

sëmundjeshkaktues

any organism or substance that causes disease


ANC

en-noun

ANC (countable and uncountable, plural ANCs)

On November 28 Jane's bloodwork chart provided the exaltation we looked for. The column for ANCs, resolutely 0 day after day, showed the figure 1. The single ANC was evidence that the new marrow was engrafting, beginning to produce a new immune system, the most significant marker in the journey of the hundred days.

2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 121:

neutrophil granulocyte
neutrophil granulocyte

(medicine, immunology) Initialism of absolute neutrophil count: a blood test measuring the number of neutrophil granulocytes.


Ag

Ag (countable and uncountable, plural Ags)

Ag receptor


Ab

The first letter of each of the two syllables of antibody.


breakthrough

From break + through. Compare German Durchbruch and Dutch doorbraak (“breakthrough”, literally “through-break”).

cog

Breakthrough infections (urine infections that develop in children on antibiotics) can occasionally occur, and if they do, different preventative antibiotics can be given or sometimes surgery to fix the leaky valve can be undertaken.

a. 2005, “Brochure - Urinary Reflux”, in Renal Resource Centre, archived from the original on 2004-04-30:

There is also growing evidence that while Omicron may cause many breakthrough cases among previously infected or previously vaccinated populations, the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease among them will be lower, they added.

2022 January 15, “In open letter, 30 doctors issue appeal against use of ‘unwarranted medications, diagnostics’”, in The Indian Express, WordPress, archived from the original on 2022-01-15:

(immunology) Involving the contraction of a disease by a person with a decreased susceptibility, such as a person who has been vaccinated to help prevent that disease.


Fab

fragment antigen-binding
fragment antigen-binding#English

(immunology) Abbreviation of fragment antigen-binding.


MAC

en-noun

MAC (countable and uncountable, plural MACs)

membrane attack complex
membrane attack complex#English

(immunology) Initialism of membrane attack complex, a part of the complement system of the innate immune system.


B

From abbreviations of various terms beginning with or containing the letter ‘B’.
* (billion): abbreviation of billion
* (cricket): abbreviation of balls
* (bitch): abbreviation of bitch

Mind your Bs and Ts
[…] And if the combined efforts of macrophages, b cells and t cells are sufficient, the pathogen will be beaten back and eventually cleared from the body.

2020 May 2, “Leaving lockdown means understanding immune responses to the virus”, in The Economist:


T

T (countable and uncountable, plural Ts)

Mind your Bs and Ts'
The other prong comes in the form of “T” lymphocytes (which mature in the thymus). These recognise and kill infected body cells.


uropod

/ˈjʊəɹəˌpɒd/

(immunology) the hind part of polarized leukocytes, mostly involved in cell-to-cell interaction, cell activation and apoptosis.


PSA

PSA (countable and uncountable, plural PSAs)

A high PSA reading indicates a possibility of cancer.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 421:

prostate-specific antigen
prostate-specific antigen#English

(medicine, immunology) Initialism of prostate-specific antigen.


antiphagocytic

(immunology) impeding or preventing the action of phagocytes or the occurrence of phagocytosis


tonsil

Late 16th century borrowing from French tonsille or Latin tonsillae (“the tonsils in the throat”, plural).

bor

(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of palatine tonsil.

(anatomy, immunology) Any of various small masses of lymphoid tissues.


tonsil

ms-noun

tonsil (Jawi spelling تونسيل, plural tonsil-tonsil, informal 1st possessive tonsilku, 2nd possessive tonsilmu, 3rd possessive tonsilnya)

تونسيل (Jawi)
tonsil-tonsil (plural)
tonsilku (first-person informal possessive)
tonsilmu (possessive second-person)
tonsilnya (possessive third-person)


lymph node

(anatomy, immunology) Each of the small oval bodies of the lymphatic system, distributed along the lymphatic vessels, that are clustered in the armpits, groin, neck, chest and abdomen. They act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes and macrophages that collect and destroy bacteria, viruses and foreign matter from lymph. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes.

عُقْدَة لِمْفَاوِيَّة

filtrating oval bodies of the lymphatic system


MPA

(immunology) Initialism of microscopic polyangiitis.


immune system

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-immune system.wav

(anatomy, immunology) The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils; cells such as lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and cell products such as antibodies.

իմունային համակարգ

system that protects the body from foreign material and organisms


phagocytize

en-verb

phagocytize (third-person singular simple present phagocytizes, present participle phagocytizing, simple past and past participle phagocytized)

phagocytizes (present singular third-person)
phagocytizing (participle present)
phagocytized (participle past)
phagocytized (past)

(immunology, cytology, US) To ingest (something) by phagocytosis.


APC

antigen-presenting cell
antigen-presenting cell#English

(immunology) Initialism of antigen-presenting cell.


アレルギー

[a̠ɾe̞ɾɯ̟ɡʲiː]

Allergy
Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:アレルギー
ja:松村明


immunogenic

en-adj

immunogenic (comparative more immunogenic, superlative most immunogenic)

more immunogenic (comparative)
most immunogenic (superlative)

(immunology) that produces a reaction from the immune system; antigenic.


inoculate

en-verb

inoculate (third-person singular simple present inoculates, present participle inoculating, simple past and past participle inoculated)

inoculates (present singular third-person)
inoculating (participle present)
inoculated (participle past)
inoculated (past)

From Middle English inoculate, from Latin inoculātus, perfect passive participle of inoculō (“ingraft an eye or bud of one plant into (another), implant”), from in (“in”) + oculus (“an eye”).

But you would not willingly thus give up the Cause; therefore endeavour to draw others into your Assistance, and venture to assert, that by the Account Dr. Nettleton gives, as also by the best Observation upon those who have been Inoculated in this City, scarcely a fourth part of them have had a true and genuine Small Pox.

1722, John Crawford, The Case of Inoculating the Small-pox Consider'd: And Its Advantages Asserted; in a Review of Dr. Wagstaffe's Letter. Wherein Every Thing that Author Has Advanced Against It, is Fully Confuted: and Inoculation Proved a Safe, Beneficial, and Laudable Practice.:

The sense that it takes outrageous fortune to get inoculated echoes here in the Bay Area, where pharmacies have canceled flu-shot clinics, doctors turn away pleading patients and health officials are reduced to telling panicked callers that they should practice good personal hygiene.

2004 October 29, Marco R. Della Cava, “Vaccine shortage pricks tempers”, in Statesman Journal, volume 152, number 214, Salem, OR, page 2A:

(transitive, immunology) To introduce an antigenic substance or vaccine into something (e.g. the body) or someone, such as to produce immunity to a specific disease.


chemokine

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of various chemotactic cytokines, produced during inflammation, that organize the leukocytes.


cytokine

/ˈsa͜ɪˌɾəˌka͜ɪn/

From cyto- + Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “movement”).

der

Thus, in the case of viral infection, mechanisms of resistance would be threefold, namely, interferon production, the immune response, including both antibody and lymphokine production, and the generation of lymphokine-like substances by the infected cells themselves. These latter substances have been defined as cytokines.

1975 July 20, Bigazzi PE, Yoshida T, Ward PA, Cohen S., “Production of Lymphokine-Like Factors (Cytokines) by Simian Virus 40-Infected and Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cell”, in The American Journal of Pathology, volume 80, number 1, page 69:

A fundamental feature expressed by the vast majority of cytokines is a profound immunomodulatory activity.
Many cytokines, presently available in pure recombinant form, modify bone cell metabolism.

1991, Maxine Gowen, Cytokines and Bone Metabolism, page 26:

The cytokines are generally considered to be a group of peptides secreted by cells of the immune system such as macrophages, lymphocytes and T cells, although the same peptides may also be secreted by non-immune cells such as neurological tissues and adipocytes.

2012, Victor R. Preedy, Ross Hunter, editors, Preface: Cytokines, page v:

The cytokines provide a classic example of products of the immune system which alter brain and endocrine activities. A variety of cytokines, including interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, have been traditionally associated with peripheral control of the immune system, inflammation, and acute phase response.

2013, Errol B. De Souza, editor, Preface: Neurobiology of Cytokines: Methods in Neurosciences, volume 16, page xiii:

Surprisingly, mTOR inhibitors displayed little inhibitory efficacy regarding receptor modulation and cytokine production which may be clinically relevant in terms of the risk of underimmunosuppression with this class of drugs.

2015 July 6, “NK Cells of Kidney Transplant Recipients Display an Activated Phenotype that Is Influenced by Immunosuppression and Pathological Staging”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of various small regulatory proteins that regulate the cells of the immune system.

細胞因子

any of various small regulatory proteins


antitoxic

(immunology) that counteracts a toxin or poison


allogeneic

/ˌæləd͡ʒəˈniɪk/

(immunology) Of a reaction that occurs when cells are transplanted into a genetically different recipient.


granulocyte

This is easily explained, because pathological cells that are only occasional wanderers into the free circulation, aside from the granulocyte group, probably all are "mononuclear" , "non-granular", and "large" , characteristics which, all authors agree, brand cells as belonging to the "large lymphocytes".

1908 September 20, Charles A. Elliott, “The atypical and large mononuclear cells of the blood”, in Quarterly Bulletin of the Northwestern University Medical School, volume 10, number 2, page 2:

(cytology, immunology) Any of various white blood cells that have granules in their cytoplasm.


plasma cell

(immunology) A form of B cell that produces antibodies after having reacted with its specific antigen in follicle centers.


histocompatibility antigen

en-noun

histocompatibility antigen (plural histocompatibility antigens)

(immunology) Any of the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) which are the determinants of histocompatibility


antigenic

(immunology) Of or relating to an antigen.


immunochemistry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-immunochemistry.wav

(chemistry, immunology) The study of the structure of antibody molecules (immunoglobulins) and of their ability to bind with antigens of diverse chemical structure.


immune response

immune response (plural immune responses)

(immunology) The body's integrated response to an antigen, mediated by lymphocytes.

resposta immunitària

the body's integrated response to antigens


immunosuppression

immunosuppression (usually uncountable, plural immunosuppressions)

(immunology, medicine) The suppression of the immune response, especially its active medical suppression by human agency (via immunosuppressant drugs) to treat autoimmune diseases or to prevent allograft rejection after transplant.

نقص المناعة

medical suppression of the immune response


immunologically

en-adv

immunologically (comparative more immunologically, superlative most immunologically)

more immunologically (comparative)
most immunologically (superlative)

This kind of warfare [i.e., biological] would have us devouring the world’s children in a manner of speaking and those who are immunologically impaired, presuming we were going to immunize our own population but not those of the antagonist. Thus we would be conducting warfare which by definition would be indiscriminate rather than selective. We would lose control of the evolution of the bacteria that we would be releasing in the multitrillions.

1992, Douglas MacLean, quoting Marc Lappé, “Ethics and Biological Defense Research”, in Raymond A[llan] Zilinskas, editor, The Microbiologist and Biological Defense Research: Ethics, Politics, and International Security (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences; 666), New York, N.Y.: The New York Academy of Sciences, →ISBN, part II (Ethics of Biological Defense Research), page 112:

(immunology) Using immunological methods.


immunotherapy

(immunology) The treatment of disease (especially cancers and autoimmune diseases) by adjusting the body's immune response.

(immunology, oncology) The treatment of cancer by improving the ability of the host to reject a tumour immunologically: cancer immunotherapy.


immunoglobulin

The recent observation that a heat labile human immunoglobulin, IgE , could mediate the release of both histamine and SRS-Aᵐᵒⁿᵏᵉʸ from primate lung slices (Ishizaka et al., 1969), prompted a re-examination of the biologic activity of rat heat labile homocytotropic antibody.

1969, Robert P. Orange, K. Frank Austen, “Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis”, in Advances in Immunology - Volume 10, page 144:

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of the glycoproteins in blood serum that respond to invasion by foreign antigens and that protect the host by removing pathogens; an antibody.


agonistic monoclonal antibody

en-noun

agonistic monoclonal antibody (plural agonistic monoclonal antibodies)

agonistic monoclonal antibodies (plural)

(immunology) A monoclonal antibody that aims to boost the human immune system either to fight infection or cancer.


B cell

Mature B cells produce complex proteins called immunoglobins which combine to form antibodies, each capable of binding to a specific molecular structure.

2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 89:

(immunology) A lymphocyte, developed in the bursa of birds and the bone marrow of other animals, that produces antibodies and is co-responsible for the immune system.

B-cell

especially when used in attributive position

leucocyte = leukocyte = white blood cell = WBC > agranulocyte > lymphocyte


T cell

(immunology) A lymphocyte, from the thymus, that can recognise specific antigens and can activate or deactivate other immune cells.

cèl·lula T

lymphocyte that can recognise specific antigens and can activate or deactivate other immune cells


monoclonal

(immunochemistry) something produced from a single clone, especially a monoclonal antibody


immunogenicity

immunogenicity (countable and uncountable, plural immunogenicities)

One of the first examples of the immunogenicity of recombinantly derived antibodies was with murine anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) used in the induction of immunosupression after organ transplantation.

2002, Gilbert S. Banker, Christopher T. Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics, 4th edition, Informa Health Care, →ISBN, page 699:

(immunology) The ability of a particular substance to provoke an immune response.


CAR

CAR (countable and uncountable, plural CARs)

chimeric antigen receptor
chimeric antigen receptor#English

(countable, immunology) Initialism of chimeric antigen receptor.


allo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-allo-.wav

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (English else).

alloresponse is an alloimmune response, alloreaction is an immune response to an alloantigen, alloresponsive is that generates an alloresponse

(biology, medicine) Nonself; nonself but of the same species. Used as an antonym to auto-.

(immunology) Alloimmunity; (biology, medicine, transplantation) transplantation of cells or tissues from one person to another.


autoimmune

/ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn/

(pathology, immunology) Of or pertaining to autoimmunity.


autoimmunity

autoimmunity (countable and uncountable, plural autoimmunities)

This can be demonstrated in NOD mice in which a point mutation in the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene results in the reduced expression of P0 in the thymus and a concomitant increase of P0 specific T cells in the periphery. 107 Similarly, autoimmunity is shifted towards the peripheral nerve in another NOD model deficient for isoforms of ICAM-1. 108 Altered expression of ICAM-1 on thymic epithelial cells transforms selection of T cells from a diabetogenic into a neuritogenic repertoire. 108 Studies such as these highlight the critical role of regulatory mechanisms in maintaining immune homeostasis and the impact that changes to regulation can have on the development of disease.

2015 February 12, Emily K Mathey et al., “Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: from pathology to phenotype”, in Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, volume 86, →DOI:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

(pathology, immunology) The condition where one's immune system attacks one's own tissues, i.e., an autoimmune disorder.

autoimmunitat

condition where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues


valkosolu

valkosolu (nominative singular)
valkosolut (nominative plural)
valkosolu (accusative nominative singular)
valkosolut (accusative nominative plural)
valkosolun (accusative genitive singular)
valkosolut (accusative genitive plural)
valkosolun (genitive singular)
valkosolujen (genitive plural)
valkosolua (partitive singular)
valkosoluja (partitive plural)
valkosolussa (inessive singular)
valkosoluissa (inessive plural)
valkosolusta (elative singular)
valkosoluista (elative plural)
valkosoluun (illative singular)
valkosoluihin (illative plural)
valkosolulla (adessive singular)
valkosoluilla (adessive plural)
valkosolulta (ablative singular)
valkosoluilta (ablative plural)
valkosolulle (allative singular)
valkosoluille (allative plural)
valkosoluna (essive singular)
valkosoluina (essive plural)
valkosoluksi (singular translative)
valkosoluiksi (plural translative)
valkosolutta (abessive singular)
valkosoluitta (abessive plural)
valkosoluin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
valkosoluni (nominative singular)
valkosoluni (nominative plural)
valkosoluni (accusative nominative singular)
valkosoluni (accusative nominative plural)
valkosoluni (accusative genitive singular)
valkosoluni (accusative genitive plural)
valkosoluni (genitive singular)
valkosolujeni (genitive plural)
valkosoluani (partitive singular)
valkosolujani (partitive plural)
valkosolussani (inessive singular)
valkosoluissani (inessive plural)
valkosolustani (elative singular)
valkosoluistani (elative plural)
valkosoluuni (illative singular)
valkosoluihini (illative plural)
valkosolullani (adessive singular)
valkosoluillani (adessive plural)
valkosolultani (ablative singular)
valkosoluiltani (ablative plural)
valkosolulleni (allative singular)
valkosoluilleni (allative plural)
valkosolunani (essive singular)
valkosoluinani (essive plural)
valkosolukseni (singular translative)
valkosoluikseni (plural translative)
valkosoluttani (abessive singular)
valkosoluittani (abessive plural)
valkosoluineni (comitative plural)
valkosolusi (nominative singular)
valkosolusi (nominative plural)
valkosolusi (accusative nominative singular)
valkosolusi (accusative nominative plural)
valkosolusi (accusative genitive singular)
valkosolusi (accusative genitive plural)
valkosolusi (genitive singular)
valkosolujesi (genitive plural)
valkosoluasi (partitive singular)
valkosolujasi (partitive plural)
valkosolussasi (inessive singular)
valkosoluissasi (inessive plural)
valkosolustasi (elative singular)
valkosoluistasi (elative plural)
valkosoluusi (illative singular)
valkosoluihisi (illative plural)
valkosolullasi (adessive singular)
valkosoluillasi (adessive plural)
valkosolultasi (ablative singular)
valkosoluiltasi (ablative plural)
valkosolullesi (allative singular)
valkosoluillesi (allative plural)
valkosolunasi (essive singular)
valkosoluinasi (essive plural)
valkosoluksesi (singular translative)
valkosoluiksesi (plural translative)
valkosoluttasi (abessive singular)
valkosoluittasi (abessive plural)
valkosoluinesi (comitative plural)
valkosolumme (nominative singular)
valkosolumme (nominative plural)
valkosolumme (accusative nominative singular)
valkosolumme (accusative nominative plural)
valkosolumme (accusative genitive singular)
valkosolumme (accusative genitive plural)
valkosolumme (genitive singular)
valkosolujemme (genitive plural)
valkosoluamme (partitive singular)
valkosolujamme (partitive plural)
valkosolussamme (inessive singular)
valkosoluissamme (inessive plural)
valkosolustamme (elative singular)
valkosoluistamme (elative plural)
valkosoluumme (illative singular)
valkosoluihimme (illative plural)
valkosolullamme (adessive singular)
valkosoluillamme (adessive plural)
valkosolultamme (ablative singular)
valkosoluiltamme (ablative plural)
valkosolullemme (allative singular)
valkosoluillemme (allative plural)
valkosolunamme (essive singular)
valkosoluinamme (essive plural)
valkosoluksemme (singular translative)
valkosoluiksemme (plural translative)
valkosoluttamme (abessive singular)
valkosoluittamme (abessive plural)
valkosoluinemme (comitative plural)
valkosolunne (nominative singular)
valkosolunne (nominative plural)
valkosolunne (accusative nominative singular)
valkosolunne (accusative nominative plural)
valkosolunne (accusative genitive singular)
valkosolunne (accusative genitive plural)
valkosolunne (genitive singular)
valkosolujenne (genitive plural)
valkosoluanne (partitive singular)
valkosolujanne (partitive plural)
valkosolussanne (inessive singular)
valkosoluissanne (inessive plural)
valkosolustanne (elative singular)
valkosoluistanne (elative plural)
valkosoluunne (illative singular)
valkosoluihinne (illative plural)
valkosolullanne (adessive singular)
valkosoluillanne (adessive plural)
valkosolultanne (ablative singular)
valkosoluiltanne (ablative plural)
valkosolullenne (allative singular)
valkosoluillenne (allative plural)
valkosolunanne (essive singular)
valkosoluinanne (essive plural)
valkosoluksenne (singular translative)
valkosoluiksenne (plural translative)
valkosoluttanne (abessive singular)
valkosoluittanne (abessive plural)
valkosoluinenne (comitative plural)
valkosolunsa (nominative singular)
valkosolunsa (nominative plural)
valkosolunsa (accusative nominative singular)
valkosolunsa (accusative nominative plural)
valkosolunsa (accusative genitive singular)
valkosolunsa (accusative genitive plural)
valkosolunsa (genitive singular)
valkosolujensa (genitive plural)
valkosoluaan (partitive singular)
valkosoluansa (partitive singular)
valkosolujaan (partitive plural)
valkosolujansa (partitive plural)
valkosolussaan (inessive singular)
valkosolussansa (inessive singular)
valkosoluissaan (inessive plural)
valkosoluissansa (inessive plural)
valkosolustaan (elative singular)
valkosolustansa (elative singular)
valkosoluistaan (elative plural)
valkosoluistansa (elative plural)
valkosoluunsa (illative singular)
valkosoluihinsa (illative plural)
valkosolullaan (adessive singular)
valkosolullansa (adessive singular)
valkosoluillaan (adessive plural)
valkosoluillansa (adessive plural)
valkosolultaan (ablative singular)
valkosolultansa (ablative singular)
valkosoluiltaan (ablative plural)
valkosoluiltansa (ablative plural)
valkosolulleen (allative singular)
valkosolullensa (allative singular)
valkosoluilleen (allative plural)
valkosoluillensa (allative plural)
valkosolunaan (essive singular)
valkosolunansa (essive singular)
valkosoluinaan (essive plural)
valkosoluinansa (essive plural)
valkosolukseen (singular translative)
valkosoluksensa (singular translative)
valkosoluikseen (plural translative)
valkosoluiksensa (plural translative)
valkosoluttaan (abessive singular)
valkosoluttansa (abessive singular)
valkosoluittaan (abessive plural)
valkosoluittansa (abessive plural)
valkosoluineen (comitative plural)
valkosoluinensa (comitative plural)

(hematology, cytology, immunology) leukocyte


leukosyytti

leukosyytti (nominative singular)
leukosyytit (nominative plural)
leukosyytti (accusative nominative singular)
leukosyytit (accusative nominative plural)
leukosyytin (accusative genitive singular)
leukosyytit (accusative genitive plural)
leukosyytin (genitive singular)
leukosyyttien (genitive plural)
leukosyyttiä (partitive singular)
leukosyyttejä (partitive plural)
leukosyytissä (inessive singular)
leukosyyteissä (inessive plural)
leukosyytistä (elative singular)
leukosyyteistä (elative plural)
leukosyyttiin (illative singular)
leukosyytteihin (illative plural)
leukosyytillä (adessive singular)
leukosyyteillä (adessive plural)
leukosyytiltä (ablative singular)
leukosyyteiltä (ablative plural)
leukosyytille (allative singular)
leukosyyteille (allative plural)
leukosyyttinä (essive singular)
leukosyytteinä (essive plural)
leukosyytiksi (singular translative)
leukosyyteiksi (plural translative)
leukosyytittä (abessive singular)
leukosyyteittä (abessive plural)
leukosyytein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
leukosyyttini (nominative singular)
leukosyyttini (nominative plural)
leukosyyttini (accusative nominative singular)
leukosyyttini (accusative nominative plural)
leukosyyttini (accusative genitive singular)
leukosyyttini (accusative genitive plural)
leukosyyttini (genitive singular)
leukosyyttieni (genitive plural)
leukosyyttiäni (partitive singular)
leukosyyttejäni (partitive plural)
leukosyytissäni (inessive singular)
leukosyyteissäni (inessive plural)
leukosyytistäni (elative singular)
leukosyyteistäni (elative plural)
leukosyyttiini (illative singular)
leukosyytteihini (illative plural)
leukosyytilläni (adessive singular)
leukosyyteilläni (adessive plural)
leukosyytiltäni (ablative singular)
leukosyyteiltäni (ablative plural)
leukosyytilleni (allative singular)
leukosyyteilleni (allative plural)
leukosyyttinäni (essive singular)
leukosyytteinäni (essive plural)
leukosyytikseni (singular translative)
leukosyyteikseni (plural translative)
leukosyytittäni (abessive singular)
leukosyyteittäni (abessive plural)
leukosyytteineni (comitative plural)
leukosyyttisi (nominative singular)
leukosyyttisi (nominative plural)
leukosyyttisi (accusative nominative singular)
leukosyyttisi (accusative nominative plural)
leukosyyttisi (accusative genitive singular)
leukosyyttisi (accusative genitive plural)
leukosyyttisi (genitive singular)
leukosyyttiesi (genitive plural)
leukosyyttiäsi (partitive singular)
leukosyyttejäsi (partitive plural)
leukosyytissäsi (inessive singular)
leukosyyteissäsi (inessive plural)
leukosyytistäsi (elative singular)
leukosyyteistäsi (elative plural)
leukosyyttiisi (illative singular)
leukosyytteihisi (illative plural)
leukosyytilläsi (adessive singular)
leukosyyteilläsi (adessive plural)
leukosyytiltäsi (ablative singular)
leukosyyteiltäsi (ablative plural)
leukosyytillesi (allative singular)
leukosyyteillesi (allative plural)
leukosyyttinäsi (essive singular)
leukosyytteinäsi (essive plural)
leukosyytiksesi (singular translative)
leukosyyteiksesi (plural translative)
leukosyytittäsi (abessive singular)
leukosyyteittäsi (abessive plural)
leukosyytteinesi (comitative plural)
leukosyyttimme (nominative singular)
leukosyyttimme (nominative plural)
leukosyyttimme (accusative nominative singular)
leukosyyttimme (accusative nominative plural)
leukosyyttimme (accusative genitive singular)
leukosyyttimme (accusative genitive plural)
leukosyyttimme (genitive singular)
leukosyyttiemme (genitive plural)
leukosyyttiämme (partitive singular)
leukosyyttejämme (partitive plural)
leukosyytissämme (inessive singular)
leukosyyteissämme (inessive plural)
leukosyytistämme (elative singular)
leukosyyteistämme (elative plural)
leukosyyttiimme (illative singular)
leukosyytteihimme (illative plural)
leukosyytillämme (adessive singular)
leukosyyteillämme (adessive plural)
leukosyytiltämme (ablative singular)
leukosyyteiltämme (ablative plural)
leukosyytillemme (allative singular)
leukosyyteillemme (allative plural)
leukosyyttinämme (essive singular)
leukosyytteinämme (essive plural)
leukosyytiksemme (singular translative)
leukosyyteiksemme (plural translative)
leukosyytittämme (abessive singular)
leukosyyteittämme (abessive plural)
leukosyytteinemme (comitative plural)
leukosyyttinne (nominative singular)
leukosyyttinne (nominative plural)
leukosyyttinne (accusative nominative singular)
leukosyyttinne (accusative nominative plural)
leukosyyttinne (accusative genitive singular)
leukosyyttinne (accusative genitive plural)
leukosyyttinne (genitive singular)
leukosyyttienne (genitive plural)
leukosyyttiänne (partitive singular)
leukosyyttejänne (partitive plural)
leukosyytissänne (inessive singular)
leukosyyteissänne (inessive plural)
leukosyytistänne (elative singular)
leukosyyteistänne (elative plural)
leukosyyttiinne (illative singular)
leukosyytteihinne (illative plural)
leukosyytillänne (adessive singular)
leukosyyteillänne (adessive plural)
leukosyytiltänne (ablative singular)
leukosyyteiltänne (ablative plural)
leukosyytillenne (allative singular)
leukosyyteillenne (allative plural)
leukosyyttinänne (essive singular)
leukosyytteinänne (essive plural)
leukosyytiksenne (singular translative)
leukosyyteiksenne (plural translative)
leukosyytittänne (abessive singular)
leukosyyteittänne (abessive plural)
leukosyytteinenne (comitative plural)
leukosyyttinsä (nominative singular)
leukosyyttinsä (nominative plural)
leukosyyttinsä (accusative nominative singular)
leukosyyttinsä (accusative nominative plural)
leukosyyttinsä (accusative genitive singular)
leukosyyttinsä (accusative genitive plural)
leukosyyttinsä (genitive singular)
leukosyyttiensä (genitive plural)
leukosyyttiään (partitive singular)
leukosyyttiänsä (partitive singular)
leukosyyttejään (partitive plural)
leukosyyttejänsä (partitive plural)
leukosyytissään (inessive singular)
leukosyytissänsä (inessive singular)
leukosyyteissään (inessive plural)
leukosyyteissänsä (inessive plural)
leukosyytistään (elative singular)
leukosyytistänsä (elative singular)
leukosyyteistään (elative plural)
leukosyyteistänsä (elative plural)
leukosyyttiinsä (illative singular)
leukosyytteihinsä (illative plural)
leukosyytillään (adessive singular)
leukosyytillänsä (adessive singular)
leukosyyteillään (adessive plural)
leukosyyteillänsä (adessive plural)
leukosyytiltään (ablative singular)
leukosyytiltänsä (ablative singular)
leukosyyteiltään (ablative plural)
leukosyyteiltänsä (ablative plural)
leukosyytilleen (allative singular)
leukosyytillensä (allative singular)
leukosyyteilleen (allative plural)
leukosyyteillensä (allative plural)
leukosyyttinään (essive singular)
leukosyyttinänsä (essive singular)
leukosyytteinään (essive plural)
leukosyytteinänsä (essive plural)
leukosyytikseen (singular translative)
leukosyytiksensä (singular translative)
leukosyyteikseen (plural translative)
leukosyyteiksensä (plural translative)
leukosyytittään (abessive singular)
leukosyytittänsä (abessive singular)
leukosyyteittään (abessive plural)
leukosyyteittänsä (abessive plural)
leukosyytteineen (comitative plural)
leukosyytteinensä (comitative plural)


CD4 (countable and uncountable, plural CD4s)

Initialism of cluster of differentiation type 4.

initialism

(countable, uncountable, immunology) A glycoprotein found on the surface of helper T cells and several other types of immune cells.

In short, while CD4 counts can tell you where you are now, the viral load tells you where you are going.

1996 September, Louise Rice, “New Knowledges, New Treatments, New Hope”, in Gay Community News, page 5:

(countable, immunology) A CD4+ helper T cell.


opsonization

en-noun

opsonization (countable and uncountable, plural opsonizations)

(immunology) The process or result of opsonizing


polytypic

en-adj

polytypic (comparative more polytypic, superlative most polytypic)

more polytypic (comparative)
most polytypic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek πολῠ- (polu-) + τῠπῐκός (tupikós). By surface analysis, poly- + type + -ic.

(immunology) of an antibody response, involving several antibodies


antigenicity

(immunology) The ability, or degree of ability, to react with the products of an immune response.

Antigenität

the ability to react with the products of an immune response


tissue typing

(medicine, immunology) A procedure in which the tissues of a prospective donor and recipient are tested for compatibility prior to transplantation.


immunostimulant

(immunology, pharmacology) Any substance that stimulates an immune response.


immunostimulant

immunostimulant (comparative more immunostimulant, superlative most immunostimulant)

more immunostimulant (comparative)
most immunostimulant (superlative)

(immunology, pharmacology) That stimulates an immune response.


radioimmunoprecipitation

(immunology) immunoprecipitation using antigens or antibodies labelled with radioisotopes


multivalent

multivalent (comparative more multivalent, superlative most multivalent)

more multivalent (comparative)
most multivalent (superlative)

(immunology) Having more than one attachment site for an antibody or antigen.


immunisation

en-noun

immunisation (countable and uncountable, plural immunisations)

From French immunisation. Equivalent to immunise + -ation or immune + -isation.

The larger the number of immunised people in the community the less easy is the spread of disease from one person to another. […] For the purpose of creating ‘herd immunity’, as this process is sometimes called, it is necessary to achieve 80 per cent immunisation of the community.

1978, G. J. Ebrahim, Practical Mother and Child Health in Developing Countries (Macmillan Tropical Community Health Manuals), revised edition, London: The Macmillan Press, →ISBN; ELBS edition, London: English Language Book Society and Macmillan Education, 1980 (1982 printing), →ISBN, page 56:

All babies born in the UK will receive the hepatitis B jab as part of their routine immunisations from the autumn in an effort to drive down viral infections that cause cirrhosis and liver cancer.

2017 July 9, Ian Sample, “Hepatitis B jab to be added to immunisations of babies born in UK”, in The Guardian:

(British spelling, immunology) Alternative spelling of immunization


cytohesin

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of a family of proteins, abundant in cells of the immune system, that are regulatory factors in lymphocytes.


immunodominant

(immunology) Relating to the epitope of a molecule that provokes the most intense immune response


抗体

抗体 (canonical)
kōtai (romanization)
kautai (romanization)
かうたい (hiragana historical)

From 抗 (kō-, “anti-”) + 体 (tai, “body”).


抗體

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɔːŋ³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰe⁴¹/

/kʰaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰi⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɔːŋ³³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰe⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰe⁴¹/

/kʰaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰi⁵²⁻²¹/


leucocyte

The outer chamber contains the supratympanal organ together with leucocytes and adipose cells.

1977, O. W. Richards, R. G. Davies, Imms' General Textbook of Entomology, Tenth edition, Volume I: Structure, Physiology and Development, London: Chapman and Hall, page 133:

(immunology) Alternative spelling of leukocyte


phagocytise

en-verb

phagocytise (third-person singular simple present phagocytises, present participle phagocytising, simple past and past participle phagocytised)

phagocytises (present singular third-person)
phagocytising (participle present)
phagocytised (participle past)
phagocytised (past)

(immunology, cytology, British) To ingest (something) by phagocytosis.


マクロファージ

[ma̠kɯ̟ɾo̞ɸa̠ːʑi]

Internationalism; see English macrophage.


リンパ液

リンパ液 (canonical)
rinpa eki (romanization)

lymphatic system
lymphatic system#English

white blood cell
white blood cell#English

(physiology, immunology) lymph (a colourless, watery, bodily fluid carried by the lymphatic system, that consists mainly of white blood cells)


白血球

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

ㄅㄞˊ ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊㄦ

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paːk̚² hyːt̚³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/paːk̚² hyːt̚³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

(hematology, cytology, immunology, dated) leukocyte; white blood cell


白血球

ja-noun

白(はっ)血(けっ)球(きゅう) • (hakkekkyū) ^(←はくけつきう (fakuketukiu)?)

白血球 (canonical)
hakkekkyū (romanization)
fakuketukiu (romanization)
はくけつきう (hiragana historical)

白 (haku, “white”) + 血球 (kekkyū, “blood cell”)

com

(hematology, cytology, immunology) a white blood cell; a leukocyte


humoral immunity

en-noun

humoral immunity (plural humoral immunities)

(immunology) Immunity to infection due to antibodies, which circulate in the blood and lymph, and which are produced by B cells.


免疫

[mẽ̞ɰ̃e̞kʲi]

免疫をつける

2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:

予防注射をすればこの病気に対して免疫ができる

Yobō chūsha o sureba kono byōki ni taishite men'eki ga dekiru

If immunisation shots are taken, one can gain immunity against disease


花粉症

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/faː⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/faː⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/


cross-dress

en-verb

cross-dress (third-person singular simple present cross-dresses, present participle cross-dressing, simple past and past participle cross-dressed)

cross-dresses (present singular third-person)
cross-dressing (participle present)
cross-dressed (participle past)
cross-dressed (past)

/ˈkɹɔsˈdɹɛs/

/ˈkɹɒsˈdɹɛs/

Such DC are cross-dressed because they are wearing peptide-MHC complexes generated by other cells.

2006 November 1, Brian P. Dolan et al., “Dendritic Cells Cross-Dressed with Peptide MHC Class I Complexes Prime CD8+ T Cells”, in Journal of Immunology, volume 177, number 9, →DOI, pages 6018–6024:

(immunology) To display (on the surface of a dendritic cell) antigens produced by a different cell.


haptenic

(immunology) Of or pertaining to a hapten


痘苗

/toʊ̯⁵¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/toʊ̯⁵¹ mi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tɐu̯²² miːu̯²¹/

/toʊ̯⁵¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/toʊ̯⁵¹ mi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tɐu̯²² miːu̯²¹/


痘苗

ja-noun

痘(とう)苗(びょう) • (tōbyō)


ワクチン

[β̞a̠kɯ̟̊t͡ɕĩɴ]


hapten

Early 20th century: from German Hapten, from Ancient Greek ἅπτειν (háptein, “to fasten”).

der

(immunology) Any small molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein.


扁桃腺

ㄅㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

/pi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo¹³⁻²² suã²¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻²² suã²¹/

/pĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɤ²³⁻³³ suã²¹/

/pĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴¹/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁵³/

/pi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo¹³⁻²² suã²¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻²² suã²¹/

/pĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰɤ²³⁻³³ suã²¹/

/pĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻²² suã⁴¹/

/pĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ suã¹¹/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁴¹/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛn⁵³/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 扁(へん)桃(とう)腺(せん) (hentōsen) (Liu et al., 1984; Huang, 2020), attested as early as 1902 (Huang, 2020).


扁桃腺

ja-noun

扁(へん)桃(とう)腺(せん) • (hentōsen) ^(←へんたうせん (fentausen)?)

扁桃腺 (canonical)
hentōsen (romanization)
fentausen (romanization)
へんたうせん (hiragana historical)

[hẽ̞nto̞ːsẽ̞ɴ]

扁桃腺炎: tonsillitis

扁桃腺炎 へんとうせんえん

扁桃腺切除: tonsillectomy

扁桃腺切除 へんとうせんせつじょ


booster

When did you get your last tetanus booster?

In the September vaccine monitor survey from the Kaiser Family Foundation, 71 percent of unvaccinated respondents said the need for boosters indicated that the vaccines were not working.

2021 October 11, Jan Hoffman, “Boosters Are Complicating Efforts to Persuade the Unvaccinated to Get Shots”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


cytotoxic T cell

en-noun

cytotoxic T cell (plural cytotoxic T cells)

(immunology) A subtype of T cell, capable of inducing death in infected somatic or tumor cells.

tappaja-T-solu

T cell capable of inducing death to alien cells


cross-dressing

Now, a study published in Nature shows that cross-dressing does indeed occur and is important for boosting memory CD8+ T cell responses in vivo.

2011 April 21, Olive Leavy, “Cross-dress to impress”, in Nature Reviews Immunology, volume 11, number 302, →DOI:

(immunology) Display by antigen-presenting cells of antigens obtained from the surface of infected cells.


eosinophil granulocyte

eosinophil granulocyte (plural eosinophil granulocytes)

(immunology) A type of white blood cell commonly referred to as eosinophils.


eosinophil

From German eosinophil, as eosin (rose dye) [from Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs, “dawn”) + -in] + -o- + -phile.

(cytology, immunology) A white blood cell responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body.


slezina

slezìna (canonical feminine)
слезѝна (Cyrillic)
slezina (nominative singular)
slezine (nominative plural)
slezine (genitive singular)
slezina (genitive plural)
slezini (dative singular)
slezinama (dative plural)
slezinu (accusative singular)
slezine (accusative plural)
slezino (singular vocative)
slezine (plural vocative)
slezini (locative singular)
slezinama (locative plural)
slezinom (instrumental singular)
slezinama (instrumental plural)


acidophil

(immunology) An eosinophil; a white blood cell responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body.


polyreaction

(immunology) Nonspecific reaction towards a range of materials


lymphoblastic

(US, cytology, immunology) Of or pertaining to a lymphoblast.


sistema immunitario

it-noun

sistema immunitario m (plural sistemi immunitari)


病原体

ja-noun

病(びょう)原(げん)体(たい) • (byōgentai) ^(←びやうげんたい (byaugentai)?)

病原体 (canonical)
byōgentai (romanization)
byaugentai (romanization)
びやうげんたい (hiragana historical)

病原 (byōgen, “causal agent”) + 体 (tai, “body”)


lymphatic node

(anatomy, immunology) Synonym of lymph node.


lymphonodus

Borrowing from New Latin lymphonōdus, from lympha (“clear water”) + nōdus (“a knot, knob, node”); equivalent to lympho- + nodus.


lymphoglandula

en-noun

lymphoglandula (plural lymphoglandulae or lymphoglandulas)

lymphoglandulae (plural)
lymphoglandulas (plural)

Borrowing from New Latin lymphoglandula, from lympha (“clear water”) + glandula (“a small acorn”), equivalent to lympho- + glandula.


lymph gland

(anatomy, immunology, informal) Synonym of lymph node.


natural killer

natural killers (plural)
as: NK (abbreviation)


natural killer cell

en-noun

natural killer cell (plural natural killer cells)

The description "natural killer" refers to the fact that they do not require activation to kill cells missing MHC class I "self" markers.

While such information doesn't assist us in deciding whether natural killer cells derive from a macrophage or T cell lineage, it does tell us that the mouse natural killer cell system is a thymus dependent system.

1982, Gustavo Cudkowicz, “Regulation of Natural Cytotoxic Activity”, in Sigurd J. Normann, Ernst Sorkin, editors, Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells, Plenum Press, page 767:

1984, Meir Kende, Joseph Gainer, Michael A. Chirigos (editors), Chemical Regulation of Immunity in Veterinary Medicine: Proceedings of a Symposium, A. R. Liss, page 138,
Natural killer cell activity is currently an area of active interest in cellular immunology (Herberman 1981).

The effects of lead exposure of varying duration on natural killer cell and T-lymphocyte function were investigated in rats.

1999, Toxicological Profile for Lead, United States Department of Health and Human Services, page 173:

(immunology) Any cell that expresses cell surface receptors that deliver signals to either activate or inhibit a response as part of the innate immune system.

cytotoxic T cell

performs an analogous role for the adaptive immune system


nephelometry

From Ancient Greek νεφέλη (nephélē, “cloud”) + -metry.

(immunology) A technique used to determine the levels of antibodies or antigens in a suspension, based on its light-scattering properties.


rokote

rokote (nominative singular)
rokotteet (nominative plural)
rokote (accusative nominative singular)
rokotteet (accusative nominative plural)
rokotteen (accusative genitive singular)
rokotteet (accusative genitive plural)
rokotteen (genitive singular)
rokotteiden (genitive plural)
rokotteitten (genitive plural)
rokotetta (partitive singular)
rokotteita (partitive plural)
rokotteessa (inessive singular)
rokotteissa (inessive plural)
rokotteesta (elative singular)
rokotteista (elative plural)
rokotteeseen (illative singular)
rokotteisiin (illative plural)
rokotteihin (illative plural)
rokotteella (adessive singular)
rokotteilla (adessive plural)
rokotteelta (ablative singular)
rokotteilta (ablative plural)
rokotteelle (allative singular)
rokotteille (allative plural)
rokotteena (essive singular)
rokotteina (essive plural)
rokotteeksi (singular translative)
rokotteiksi (plural translative)
rokotteetta (abessive singular)
rokotteitta (abessive plural)
rokottein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
rokotteeni (nominative singular)
rokotteeni (nominative plural)
rokotteeni (accusative nominative singular)
rokotteeni (accusative nominative plural)
rokotteeni (accusative genitive singular)
rokotteeni (accusative genitive plural)
rokotteeni (genitive singular)
rokotteideni (genitive plural)
rokotteitteni (genitive plural)
rokotettani (partitive singular)
rokotteitani (partitive plural)
rokotteessani (inessive singular)
rokotteissani (inessive plural)
rokotteestani (elative singular)
rokotteistani (elative plural)
rokotteeseeni (illative singular)
rokotteisiini (illative plural)
rokotteihini (illative plural)
rokotteellani (adessive singular)
rokotteillani (adessive plural)
rokotteeltani (ablative singular)
rokotteiltani (ablative plural)
rokotteelleni (allative singular)
rokotteilleni (allative plural)
rokotteenani (essive singular)
rokotteinani (essive plural)
rokotteekseni (singular translative)
rokotteikseni (plural translative)
rokotteettani (abessive singular)
rokotteittani (abessive plural)
rokotteineni (comitative plural)
rokotteesi (nominative singular)
rokotteesi (nominative plural)
rokotteesi (accusative nominative singular)
rokotteesi (accusative nominative plural)
rokotteesi (accusative genitive singular)
rokotteesi (accusative genitive plural)
rokotteesi (genitive singular)
rokotteidesi (genitive plural)
rokotteittesi (genitive plural)
rokotettasi (partitive singular)
rokotteitasi (partitive plural)
rokotteessasi (inessive singular)
rokotteissasi (inessive plural)
rokotteestasi (elative singular)
rokotteistasi (elative plural)
rokotteeseesi (illative singular)
rokotteisiisi (illative plural)
rokotteihisi (illative plural)
rokotteellasi (adessive singular)
rokotteillasi (adessive plural)
rokotteeltasi (ablative singular)
rokotteiltasi (ablative plural)
rokotteellesi (allative singular)
rokotteillesi (allative plural)
rokotteenasi (essive singular)
rokotteinasi (essive plural)
rokotteeksesi (singular translative)
rokotteiksesi (plural translative)
rokotteettasi (abessive singular)
rokotteittasi (abessive plural)
rokotteinesi (comitative plural)
rokotteemme (nominative singular)
rokotteemme (nominative plural)
rokotteemme (accusative nominative singular)
rokotteemme (accusative nominative plural)
rokotteemme (accusative genitive singular)
rokotteemme (accusative genitive plural)
rokotteemme (genitive singular)
rokotteidemme (genitive plural)
rokotteittemme (genitive plural)
rokotettamme (partitive singular)
rokotteitamme (partitive plural)
rokotteessamme (inessive singular)
rokotteissamme (inessive plural)
rokotteestamme (elative singular)
rokotteistamme (elative plural)
rokotteeseemme (illative singular)
rokotteisiimme (illative plural)
rokotteihimme (illative plural)
rokotteellamme (adessive singular)
rokotteillamme (adessive plural)
rokotteeltamme (ablative singular)
rokotteiltamme (ablative plural)
rokotteellemme (allative singular)
rokotteillemme (allative plural)
rokotteenamme (essive singular)
rokotteinamme (essive plural)
rokotteeksemme (singular translative)
rokotteiksemme (plural translative)
rokotteettamme (abessive singular)
rokotteittamme (abessive plural)
rokotteinemme (comitative plural)
rokotteenne (nominative singular)
rokotteenne (nominative plural)
rokotteenne (accusative nominative singular)
rokotteenne (accusative nominative plural)
rokotteenne (accusative genitive singular)
rokotteenne (accusative genitive plural)
rokotteenne (genitive singular)
rokotteidenne (genitive plural)
rokotteittenne (genitive plural)
rokotettanne (partitive singular)
rokotteitanne (partitive plural)
rokotteessanne (inessive singular)
rokotteissanne (inessive plural)
rokotteestanne (elative singular)
rokotteistanne (elative plural)
rokotteeseenne (illative singular)
rokotteisiinne (illative plural)
rokotteihinne (illative plural)
rokotteellanne (adessive singular)
rokotteillanne (adessive plural)
rokotteeltanne (ablative singular)
rokotteiltanne (ablative plural)
rokotteellenne (allative singular)
rokotteillenne (allative plural)
rokotteenanne (essive singular)
rokotteinanne (essive plural)
rokotteeksenne (singular translative)
rokotteiksenne (plural translative)
rokotteettanne (abessive singular)
rokotteittanne (abessive plural)
rokotteinenne (comitative plural)
rokotteensa (nominative singular)
rokotteensa (nominative plural)
rokotteensa (accusative nominative singular)
rokotteensa (accusative nominative plural)
rokotteensa (accusative genitive singular)
rokotteensa (accusative genitive plural)
rokotteensa (genitive singular)
rokotteidensa (genitive plural)
rokotteittensa (genitive plural)
rokotettaan (partitive singular)
rokotettansa (partitive singular)
rokotteitaan (partitive plural)
rokotteitansa (partitive plural)
rokotteessaan (inessive singular)
rokotteessansa (inessive singular)
rokotteissaan (inessive plural)
rokotteissansa (inessive plural)
rokotteestaan (elative singular)
rokotteestansa (elative singular)
rokotteistaan (elative plural)
rokotteistansa (elative plural)
rokotteeseensa (illative singular)
rokotteisiinsa (illative plural)
rokotteihinsa (illative plural)
rokotteellaan (adessive singular)
rokotteellansa (adessive singular)
rokotteillaan (adessive plural)
rokotteillansa (adessive plural)
rokotteeltaan (ablative singular)
rokotteeltansa (ablative singular)
rokotteiltaan (ablative plural)
rokotteiltansa (ablative plural)
rokotteelleen (allative singular)
rokotteellensa (allative singular)
rokotteilleen (allative plural)
rokotteillensa (allative plural)
rokotteenaan (essive singular)
rokotteenansa (essive singular)
rokotteinaan (essive plural)
rokotteinansa (essive plural)
rokotteekseen (singular translative)
rokotteeksensa (singular translative)
rokotteikseen (plural translative)
rokotteiksensa (plural translative)
rokotteettaan (abessive singular)
rokotteettansa (abessive singular)
rokotteittaan (abessive plural)
rokotteittansa (abessive plural)
rokotteineen (comitative plural)
rokotteinensa (comitative plural)


haptenize

en-verb

haptenize (third-person singular simple present haptenizes, present participle haptenizing, simple past and past participle haptenized)

haptenizes (present singular third-person)
haptenizing (participle present)
haptenized (participle past)
haptenized (past)

(immunology, transitive) To react an antigenic compound (a hapten) with a carrier protein in order to stimulate an immune response.


טחול

he-noun

טְחוֹל • (təḥṓl) m


ACA

anti-cardiolipin antibody
w:Anti-cardiolipin antibodies

(immunology) Initialism of anti-cardiolipin antibody.

anti-centromere antibody
w:Anti-centromere antibodies

(immunology) Initialism of anti-centromere antibody.

(immunology) Initialism of antigen-capture assay.


immunosuppressor

(immunology, pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.


immunosuppressive

en-adj

immunosuppressive (comparative more immunosuppressive, superlative most immunosuppressive)

more immunosuppressive (comparative)
most immunosuppressive (superlative)

(pharmacology, immunology) Having the capability to suppress the immune system, capable of immunosuppression.


immunosuppressive

(pharmacology, immunology) An agent which is capable of immunosuppression.


vaccino

Borrowed from Latin vaccīnus. Compare French vaccin. The meaning was based on that of New or Scientific Latin (variola) vaccīna.


serotype

An isolate from raw fish, serotype 0:6, unable to invade HeLa cells and negative for heat-stable enterotoxin, was clinically avirulent in this model and caused no lesions by histological examination.

2012, Gerald T. Keusch, “Invasive Bacterial Diarrheas”, in Lincoln Chen, editor, Diarrhea and Malnutrition, page 54:

(immunology) A group of microorganisms characterised by a specific set of antigens.


alergolog

pl-noun

alergolog m pers (female equivalent alergolog or alergolożka)

alergolog (feminine)
alergolożka (feminine)
alergolog (nominative singular)
alergolodzy (nominative plural)
alergologowie (nominative plural)
alergologa (genitive singular)
alergologów (genitive plural)
alergologowi (dative singular)
alergologom (dative plural)
alergologa (accusative singular)
alergologów (accusative plural)
alergologiem (instrumental singular)
alergologami (instrumental plural)
alergologu (locative singular)
alergologach (locative plural)
alergologu (singular vocative)
alergolodzy (plural vocative)
alergologowie (plural vocative)

Back-formation from alergologia. First attested in 1935.

ref

Polski slownik biograficzny: Niemirycz Władysław-Olszak Wacław (in Polish), 1935, page 472

alergolog in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego


basophil

(cytology) Any cell that has granules stained by basic stains.

(cytology, immunology) A white blood cell responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response.


Antikörper

de-noun

Antikörper m (strong, genitive Antikörpers, plural Antikörper)

Antikörpers (genitive)
Antikörper (plural)
Antikörper (nominative singular)
Antikörper (definite nominative plural)
Antikörpers (genitive singular)
Antikörper (definite genitive plural)
Antikörper (dative singular)
Antikörpern (dative definite plural)
Antikörper (accusative singular)
Antikörper (accusative definite plural)

→ English: antibody (calque)


immunocompetence

en-noun

immunocompetence (countable and uncountable, plural immunocompetences)

Near-synonym: immunocapability

(immunology) The body's capacity to develop an immune response following exposure to an antigen; full capability of a healthy immune system.


complemento

Borrowed from Latin complēmentum. Compare the inherited doublet cumplimiento.

(grammar, mathematics, music, immunology) complement


免疫力

/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/miːn¹³ jɪk̚² lɪk̚²/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɪk̚⁴/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɪk̚⁴/

/biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iak̚²⁴⁻² liak̚²⁴/

/miaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ mok̚⁴⁻² lak̚⁴/

/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/miːn¹³ jɪk̚² lɪk̚²/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɪk̚⁴/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚⁴⁻³² liɪk̚⁴/

/biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iak̚²⁴⁻² liak̚²⁴/

/miaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ mok̚⁴⁻² lak̚⁴/

免疫力消退

Taking this drug also has the effect of strengthening immunity.

Fúshí zhè yào yě yǒu zēngqiáng miǎnyìlì de zuòyòng.

服食這藥也有增強免疫力的作用。

服食这药也有增强免疫力的作用。


alloimmunity

alloimmunity (countable and uncountable, plural alloimmunities)

From allo- + immunity or allo- + immune + -ity or alloimmune + -ity.

(biology, immunology, medicine) Immunity, obtained from another, against one's own cells.

Alloimmunität

immune response to foreign antigens from members of the same species


linfa

Learned borrowing from Latin lympha, from Ancient Greek νύμφη (númphē).

(physiology, immunology) lymph (fluid carried by the lymphatic system)


immunoterapia

immunoterapia (nominative singular)
immunoterapiat (nominative plural)
immunoterapia (accusative nominative singular)
immunoterapiat (accusative nominative plural)
immunoterapian (accusative genitive singular)
immunoterapiat (accusative genitive plural)
immunoterapian (genitive singular)
immunoterapioiden (genitive plural)
immunoterapioitten (genitive plural)
immunoterapiain (genitive plural rare)
immunoterapiaa (partitive singular)
immunoterapioita (partitive plural)
immunoterapiassa (inessive singular)
immunoterapioissa (inessive plural)
immunoterapiasta (elative singular)
immunoterapioista (elative plural)
immunoterapiaan (illative singular)
immunoterapioihin (illative plural)
immunoterapialla (adessive singular)
immunoterapioilla (adessive plural)
immunoterapialta (ablative singular)
immunoterapioilta (ablative plural)
immunoterapialle (allative singular)
immunoterapioille (allative plural)
immunoterapiana (essive singular)
immunoterapioina (essive plural)
immunoterapiaksi (singular translative)
immunoterapioiksi (plural translative)
immunoterapiatta (abessive singular)
immunoterapioitta (abessive plural)
immunoterapioin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
immunoterapiani (nominative singular)
immunoterapiani (nominative plural)
immunoterapiani (accusative nominative singular)
immunoterapiani (accusative nominative plural)
immunoterapiani (accusative genitive singular)
immunoterapiani (accusative genitive plural)
immunoterapiani (genitive singular)
immunoterapioideni (genitive plural)
immunoterapioitteni (genitive plural)
immunoterapiaini (genitive plural rare)
immunoterapiaani (partitive singular)
immunoterapioitani (partitive plural)
immunoterapiassani (inessive singular)
immunoterapioissani (inessive plural)
immunoterapiastani (elative singular)
immunoterapioistani (elative plural)
immunoterapiaani (illative singular)
immunoterapioihini (illative plural)
immunoterapiallani (adessive singular)
immunoterapioillani (adessive plural)
immunoterapialtani (ablative singular)
immunoterapioiltani (ablative plural)
immunoterapialleni (allative singular)
immunoterapioilleni (allative plural)
immunoterapianani (essive singular)
immunoterapioinani (essive plural)
immunoterapiakseni (singular translative)
immunoterapioikseni (plural translative)
immunoterapiattani (abessive singular)
immunoterapioittani (abessive plural)
immunoterapioineni (comitative plural)
immunoterapiasi (nominative singular)
immunoterapiasi (nominative plural)
immunoterapiasi (accusative nominative singular)
immunoterapiasi (accusative nominative plural)
immunoterapiasi (accusative genitive singular)
immunoterapiasi (accusative genitive plural)
immunoterapiasi (genitive singular)
immunoterapioidesi (genitive plural)
immunoterapioittesi (genitive plural)
immunoterapiaisi (genitive plural rare)
immunoterapiaasi (partitive singular)
immunoterapioitasi (partitive plural)
immunoterapiassasi (inessive singular)
immunoterapioissasi (inessive plural)
immunoterapiastasi (elative singular)
immunoterapioistasi (elative plural)
immunoterapiaasi (illative singular)
immunoterapioihisi (illative plural)
immunoterapiallasi (adessive singular)
immunoterapioillasi (adessive plural)
immunoterapialtasi (ablative singular)
immunoterapioiltasi (ablative plural)
immunoterapiallesi (allative singular)
immunoterapioillesi (allative plural)
immunoterapianasi (essive singular)
immunoterapioinasi (essive plural)
immunoterapiaksesi (singular translative)
immunoterapioiksesi (plural translative)
immunoterapiattasi (abessive singular)
immunoterapioittasi (abessive plural)
immunoterapioinesi (comitative plural)
immunoterapiamme (nominative singular)
immunoterapiamme (nominative plural)
immunoterapiamme (accusative nominative singular)
immunoterapiamme (accusative nominative plural)
immunoterapiamme (accusative genitive singular)
immunoterapiamme (accusative genitive plural)
immunoterapiamme (genitive singular)
immunoterapioidemme (genitive plural)
immunoterapioittemme (genitive plural)
immunoterapiaimme (genitive plural rare)
immunoterapiaamme (partitive singular)
immunoterapioitamme (partitive plural)
immunoterapiassamme (inessive singular)
immunoterapioissamme (inessive plural)
immunoterapiastamme (elative singular)
immunoterapioistamme (elative plural)
immunoterapiaamme (illative singular)
immunoterapioihimme (illative plural)
immunoterapiallamme (adessive singular)
immunoterapioillamme (adessive plural)
immunoterapialtamme (ablative singular)
immunoterapioiltamme (ablative plural)
immunoterapiallemme (allative singular)
immunoterapioillemme (allative plural)
immunoterapianamme (essive singular)
immunoterapioinamme (essive plural)
immunoterapiaksemme (singular translative)
immunoterapioiksemme (plural translative)
immunoterapiattamme (abessive singular)
immunoterapioittamme (abessive plural)
immunoterapioinemme (comitative plural)
immunoterapianne (nominative singular)
immunoterapianne (nominative plural)
immunoterapianne (accusative nominative singular)
immunoterapianne (accusative nominative plural)
immunoterapianne (accusative genitive singular)
immunoterapianne (accusative genitive plural)
immunoterapianne (genitive singular)
immunoterapioidenne (genitive plural)
immunoterapioittenne (genitive plural)
immunoterapiainne (genitive plural rare)
immunoterapiaanne (partitive singular)
immunoterapioitanne (partitive plural)
immunoterapiassanne (inessive singular)
immunoterapioissanne (inessive plural)
immunoterapiastanne (elative singular)
immunoterapioistanne (elative plural)
immunoterapiaanne (illative singular)
immunoterapioihinne (illative plural)
immunoterapiallanne (adessive singular)
immunoterapioillanne (adessive plural)
immunoterapialtanne (ablative singular)
immunoterapioiltanne (ablative plural)
immunoterapiallenne (allative singular)
immunoterapioillenne (allative plural)
immunoterapiananne (essive singular)
immunoterapioinanne (essive plural)
immunoterapiaksenne (singular translative)
immunoterapioiksenne (plural translative)
immunoterapiattanne (abessive singular)
immunoterapioittanne (abessive plural)
immunoterapioinenne (comitative plural)
immunoterapiansa (nominative singular)
immunoterapiansa (nominative plural)
immunoterapiansa (accusative nominative singular)
immunoterapiansa (accusative nominative plural)
immunoterapiansa (accusative genitive singular)
immunoterapiansa (accusative genitive plural)
immunoterapiansa (genitive singular)
immunoterapioidensa (genitive plural)
immunoterapioittensa (genitive plural)
immunoterapiainsa (genitive plural rare)
immunoterapiaansa (partitive singular)
immunoterapioitaan (partitive plural)
immunoterapioitansa (partitive plural)
immunoterapiassaan (inessive singular)
immunoterapiassansa (inessive singular)
immunoterapioissaan (inessive plural)
immunoterapioissansa (inessive plural)
immunoterapiastaan (elative singular)
immunoterapiastansa (elative singular)
immunoterapioistaan (elative plural)
immunoterapioistansa (elative plural)
immunoterapiaansa (illative singular)
immunoterapioihinsa (illative plural)
immunoterapiallaan (adessive singular)
immunoterapiallansa (adessive singular)
immunoterapioillaan (adessive plural)
immunoterapioillansa (adessive plural)
immunoterapialtaan (ablative singular)
immunoterapialtansa (ablative singular)
immunoterapioiltaan (ablative plural)
immunoterapioiltansa (ablative plural)
immunoterapialleen (allative singular)
immunoterapiallensa (allative singular)
immunoterapioilleen (allative plural)
immunoterapioillensa (allative plural)
immunoterapianaan (essive singular)
immunoterapianansa (essive singular)
immunoterapioinaan (essive plural)
immunoterapioinansa (essive plural)
immunoterapiakseen (singular translative)
immunoterapiaksensa (singular translative)
immunoterapioikseen (plural translative)
immunoterapioiksensa (plural translative)
immunoterapiattaan (abessive singular)
immunoterapiattansa (abessive singular)
immunoterapioittaan (abessive plural)
immunoterapioittansa (abessive plural)
immunoterapioineen (comitative plural)
immunoterapioinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English immunotherapy).


dopełniacz

dopełniacz (nominative singular)
dopełniacze (nominative plural)
dopełniacza (genitive singular)
dopełniaczy (genitive plural)
dopełniaczowi (dative singular)
dopełniaczom (dative plural)
dopełniacz (accusative singular)
dopełniacze (accusative plural)
dopełniaczem (instrumental singular)
dopełniaczami (instrumental plural)
dopełniaczu (locative singular)
dopełniaczach (locative plural)
dopełniaczu (singular vocative)
dopełniacze (plural vocative)

From dopełniać (“to complement, complete, execute (a task)”) + -acz.


Allergie

de-noun

Allergie f (genitive Allergie, plural Allergien)

Allergie (genitive)
Allergien (plural)
Allergie (nominative singular)
Allergien (definite nominative plural)
Allergie (genitive singular)
Allergien (definite genitive plural)
Allergie (dative singular)
Allergien (dative definite plural)
Allergie (accusative singular)
Allergien (accusative definite plural)

→ Albanian: alergji

→ Belarusian: алергі́я (aljerhíja)

→ Bulgarian: алерги́я (alergíja)

→ Catalan: al·lèrgia

→ Cornish: alergedh

→ Czech: alergie

→ Danish: allergi

→ Dutch: allergie
→ Indonesian: alergi

desctree

→ English: allergy
→ Bengali: এলার্জি (elarji)
→ Cebuano: alerdyi
→ Hindi: एलर्जी (elarjī)
→ Urdu: الرجی (alarjī)

→ Estonian: allergia

→ Esperanto: alergio

→ Finnish: allergia

→ French: allergie
→ Khmer: អាឡែរហ្សី (ʼaalaezəy), អាឡែស៊ី (ʼaalaesii)
→ Persian: آلرژی (âlerži)
→ Portuguese: alergia
→ Romanian: alergie
→ Turkish: alerji

→ Galician: alerxia

→ Greek: αλλεργία (allergía)

desc

אָלֶרְגִּיָּה

→ Hebrew: אָלֶרְגִּיָּה (alérgiya)

→ Hungarian: allergia

→ Irish: ailléirge

→ Italian: allergia

→ Japanese: アレルギー (arerugī)

→ Korean: 알레르기 (allereugi)

→ Latvian: alerģija

→ Lithuanian: alergija

→ Macedonian: алергија (alergija)

→ Malay: alergi

→ Northern Sami: allergiija

→ Norwegian Bokmål: allergi

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: allergi

→ Polish: alergia

desctree

→ Russian: аллерги́я (allergíja)
→ Armenian: ալերգիա (alergia)
→ Azerbaijani: allergiya
→ Georgian: ალერგია (alergia)
→ Kazakh: аллергия (allergiä)
→ Kyrgyz: аллергия (allergiya)
→ Tajik: аллергиа (allergia)
→ Turkmen: allergiýa
→ Uzbek: allergiya

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: алѐргија

Latin script: alèrgija

→ Slovak: alergia

→ Slovene: alergija

→ Spanish: alergia

→ Swedish: allergi

→ Ukrainian: алергі́я (alerhíja)

→ Yiddish: אַלערגיע (alergye)

Coined by Austrian physician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906, from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) + Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon, “work, activity”), on the model of Energie.


immunocompetent

(immunology) Having a functioning immune system.


allotype

The products of allelic forms of the same gene are known as allotypes. Allotypes are now known for all mouse heavy chains (Stall, 1995). There are no known serologically detectable allotypes of mouse κ chains.

1996, James W. Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, 3rd edition, Academic Press, page 102:

Since different individuals of the same species may have different allotypes, these determinants can be used as genetic markers.
The most common technique used for allotype determination is hemagglutination-inhibition.

2007, Janardan P. Pandey, “7: Genetics of Immunoglobulins”, in Gabriel Virella, editor, Medical Immunology, 6th edition, Informa Healthcare, page 77:

Allotypes were originally defined by antisera that differentiated allelic variants of immunoglobulin (Ig) subclasses. The allotype is due to the existence of different alleles at the genetic locus that determines the expression of a given determinant.

2009, Julius M. Cruse, Robert E. Lewis, Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, 3rd edition, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 32:

immunoglobulin allotype
immunoglobulin allotype

(immunology) An immunoglobulin allotype; the allele of the antibody chains found in an individual.


linfonodo

(anatomy, immunology) lymph node (filtrating oval bodies of the lymphatic system)


immunoglobulina

ca-noun

immunoglobulina f (plural immunoglobulines)


immunoglobulina

it-noun

immunoglobulina f (plural immunoglobuline)


immunoglobulina

immunoglobulina (nominative singular)
immunoglobuliny (nominative plural)
immunoglobuliny (genitive singular)
immunoglobulin (genitive plural)
immunoglobulinie (dative singular)
immunoglobulinom (dative plural)
immunoglobulinę (accusative singular)
immunoglobuliny (accusative plural)
immunoglobuliną (instrumental singular)
immunoglobulinami (instrumental plural)
immunoglobulinie (locative singular)
immunoglobulinach (locative plural)
immunoglobulino (singular vocative)
immunoglobuliny (plural vocative)