craft

en-noun

craft (countable and uncountable, plural craft or crafts)

From Middle English craft (“strength, skill”), from Old English cræft (“strength, skill”), from Proto-West Germanic *kraftu, from Proto-Germanic *kraftuz (“strength, power”); further origin obscure.
Cognate with German Kraft (“strength, power, force, energy, employee”) and Danish kraft (“strength, power, force”).

johtamistaito

skill in making plans and carrying them into execution

The carpenter's craft.

He learned his craft as an apprentice.

[…] For since the birth of time, throughout all ages and nations, / Has the craft of the smith been held in repute by the people.

1847, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie, page 281:

Fond as William was of the craft of the woods, he was the least likely of all men to let his sport stand in the way of his interest.

1871, Edward Augustus Freeman, The history of the Norman conquest, page 250:

The great preachers were masters of their craft.

1991, James Munson, The Nonconformists: In Search of a Lost Culture, page 113:

This was billed as the battle between Kane and his Poland opposite number Lewandowski but this was a game where it was possible to simply enjoy two masters of their craft at work.

2021 September 8, Phil McNulty, “Poland 1-1 England”, in BBC Sport:

en:skilled practice of practical occupation

(countable, plural crafts) A branch of skilled work or trade, especially one requiring manual dexterity or artistic skill, but sometimes applied equally to any business, calling or profession; the skilled practice of a practical occupation .


cane

en-noun

cane (countable and uncountable, plural canes)

From Middle English cane, canne, from Old French cane (“sugar cane”), from Latin canna (“reed”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of canna and kaneh. Related to channel and canal.

A rod-shaped tool or device, resembling the stem of the plant.

(countable, glassblowing) A length of colored and/or patterned glass rod, used in the specific glassblowing technique called caneworking


jack

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jegue

→ European Portuguese: jaque

Transferred use of the personal name Jack.
(cricket: eleventh batsman): An allusion to the jack in playing cards, which follows the 10.

náłbiil bijaadbee dahnádidlohí

device for raising and supporting a heavy object

(glassblowing) a tool used in manual production of glass objects (like bottles or wine glasses).


action

action (countable and uncountable, plural actions)

→ Arabic: أَكْشِن (ʔakšin)

→ Bulgarian: екшън (ekšǎn)

→ German: Action

→ Irish: aicsean

→ Hebrew: אקשן (akshn)

→ Japanese: アクション (akushon)

→ Korean: 액션 (aeksyeon)

→ Russian: экшн (ekšn)

From Middle English accioun, accion, from Old French aucion, acciun, from Latin āctiō(n) (“act of doing or making”), from āctus + action suffix -iō(n), perfect passive participle of agere (“do, act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti; see also act, active. By surface analysis, act + -ion.

der

You're getting fret buzz because the action is too low.

(music, lutherie) The distance separating the strings and the fingerboard on a string instrument.

kielen korkeus

music: distance separating the strings and the fretboard


jump

en-verb

jump (third-person singular simple present jumps, present participle jumping, simple past and past participle jumped)

jumps (present singular third-person)
jumping (participle present)
jumped (participle past)
jumped (past)
jump (infinitive)
jump (first-person present singular)
jumped (first-person past singular)
jump (present second-person singular)
jumpest (archaic present second-person singular)
jumped (past second-person singular)
jumpedst (archaic past second-person singular)
jumps (present singular third-person)
jumpeth (archaic present singular third-person)
jumped (past singular third-person)
jump (plural present)
jumped (past plural)
jump (present subjunctive)
jumped (past subjunctive)
jump (imperative present)
jumping (participle present)
jumped (participle past)

From Middle English jumpen (“to walk quickly, run, jump”), probably of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gumpōną ~ *gumbōną (“to hop, skip, bounce”), an iterative verb. The OED suggests an imitative origin. Related to jumble. In the sense “to propel oneself” it displaced leap partially and spring largely.
Cognates
Cognate with German Low German jumpen (“to jump”), archaic German gumpen (“to jump, hop, bounce”), dialectal German gampen (“to hop”), Alemannic German gumpe (“to leap, jump”), Walser dialect kumpu, Old Norse gopta (“to jump; make jump”) Danish gumpe (“to jolt”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump”), Danish gimpe (“to move up and down”), Middle English jumpren, jumbren (“to mix, jumble”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

(transitive, smithwork) To join by a buttweld.


alligator

]
From early Modern English alligater, alligarta, aligarto, alegarto, alagarto, from Spanish el lagarto (“the lizard”), from Latin lacertus (“lizard”), modern spelling possibly influenced by the unrelated Latin alligator (“one who binds”).

Any of various machines with strong jaws, one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator.

(metalworking) A form of squeezer for the puddle ball.


chair

en-verb

chair (third-person singular simple present chairs, present participle chairing, simple past and past participle chaired)

chairs (present singular third-person)
chairing (participle present)
chaired (participle past)
chaired (past)
chur (alternative)

From Middle English chayer, chaire, chaiere, chaere, chayre, chayere, from Old French chaiere, chaere, from Latin cathedra (“seat”), from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”). Displaced native stool and settle, which now have more specialised senses. Doublet of cathedra and chaise.

(transitive) To act as chairperson at; to preside over.

Bob will chair tomorrow's meeting.

Greenwood told RAIL she was disappointed that Parliamentary rules prevented her from chairing the TSC [Transport Select Committee] beyond last December's General Election, [...] She added: "I'm gutted I'm no longer able to chair the committee, I'm not going to lie. But I know it's in good hands and I'm still able to play my part as a member in the work we're doing.

2020 May 20, “Merriman praised over handling of TSC's 'virtual' transition”, in Rail, page 12:


tower

→ German: Tower

→ Hindi: टावर (ṭāvar)

→ Japanese: タワー (tawā)

→ Korean: 타워 (tawo)

→ Northern Kurdish: tawer

→ Punjabi: ਟਾਵਰ (ṭāvar)

From Middle English tour, tur, tor, from Old English tūr, tor, torr ("tower; rock"; > English tor) and Old French tour, toer, tor; both from Latin turris (“a tower”), Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) (Hesychius), τύρσις (túrsis).
Compare Scots tour, towr, towre (“tower”), West Frisian toer (“tower”), Dutch toren (“tower”), German Turm (“tower”), Danish tårn (“tower”), Swedish torn (“tower”), Icelandic turn (“tower”), Welsh tŵr.
Doublet of tor, tourelle, and turret.

(glassblowing) A metal stand used as a pivot to support a punty at a furnace.


MG

(papermaking) Initialism of machine-glazed.


kami

Borrowed from Japanese 紙 (kami, “paper”).

bor+

(papercraft) A basic origami paper, usually printed with a colour or pattern on one side.


palm

From Middle English palme, paume, from Old French palme, paulme, paume (“palm of the hand, ball, tennis”), from Latin palma (“palm of the hand, hand-breadth”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂(e)meh₂ (“palm of the hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). Doublet of palmo, palma, and pam. Cognate with Ancient Greek παλάμη (palámē, “palm of the hand”), Old English folm (“palm of the hand”), Old Irish lám (“hand”).

cog

(sailmaking) A metallic disk attached to a strap and worn in the palm of the hand; used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc.


broke

From Middle English broce, from Old English gebroc (“fragment”), from brecan (“to break”). Compare broken, past participle of break. Compare also Scots brock (“a scrap of meat or bread”).

If the broke accumulates, a larger proportion can be used in making coloured papers, otherwise the above quantity is sufiicient.

1880, James Dunbar, The Practical Papermaker: A Complete Guide to the Manufacture of Paper, page 12:

Presumably, most of the brokes and waste were used up in this manner, and during the manufacture of the coarse stuff little or no attention was paid to either cleanliness or colour.

1914, The World's Paper Trade Review Volume 62, page 204:

These mills purchase broke from other paper mills through middlemen and use it to make paper.

2014 September 25, Judge Diane Wood, NCR Corp. v. George A. Whiting Paper Co.:

(papermaking) Paper or board that is discarded and repulped during the manufacturing process.


found

From Middle English founden, from Old French fondre, from Latin fundere. Cognate with Spanish fundir and hundir, and French fondre.

(glassblowing) The period of time when a furnace is at its hottest; the interval in which the furnace is meant to fully melt glass.


grind

en-verb

grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded)

grinds (present singular third-person)
grinding (participle present)
ground (participle past)
ground (past)
grinded (participle past)
grinded (past)
grind (infinitive)
grind (first-person present singular)
ground (first-person past singular)
grind (present second-person singular)
grindest (archaic present second-person singular)
ground (past second-person singular)
groundst (archaic past second-person singular)
groundest (archaic past second-person singular)
grinds (present singular third-person)
grindeth (archaic present singular third-person)
ground (past singular third-person)
grind (plural present)
ground (past plural)
grind (present subjunctive)
ground (past subjunctive)
grind (imperative present)
grinding (participle present)
ground (participle past)
grounden (archaic participle past)
grind (infinitive)
grind (first-person present singular)
grinded (first-person past singular)
grind (present second-person singular)
grinded (past second-person singular)
grinds (present singular third-person)
grinded (past singular third-person)
grind (plural present)
grinded (past plural)
grind (present subjunctive)
grinded (past subjunctive)
grind (imperative present)
grinding (participle present)
grinded (participle past)

From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).

the mill cannot grind with water that is past

(metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface.

шлифовам

to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface


lay

lay (third-person singular simple present lays, present participle laying, simple past laid, past participle laid or (colloquial) lain)

lays (present singular third-person)
laying (participle present)
laid (past)
laid (participle past)
lain (colloquial participle past)
lay (infinitive)
lay (first-person present singular)
laid (first-person past singular)
lay (present second-person singular)
layest (archaic present second-person singular)
laid (past second-person singular)
laidst (archaic past second-person singular)
laidest (archaic past second-person singular)
lays (present singular third-person)
layeth (archaic present singular third-person)
laid (past singular third-person)
lay (plural present)
laid (past plural)
lay (present subjunctive)
laid (past subjunctive)
lay (imperative present)
laying (participle present)
laid (participle past)

Inherited from Middle English leyen, leggen, from Old English leċġan (“to lay”), from Proto-West Germanic *laggjan, from Proto-Germanic *lagjaną (“to lay”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *ligjaną (“to lie, recline”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie, recline”).
Cognate with West Frisian lizze (“to lay, to lie”), Dutch leggen (“to lay”), German legen (“to lay”), Norwegian Bokmål legge (“to lay”), Norwegian Nynorsk leggja (“to lay”), Swedish lägga (“to lay”), Icelandic leggja (“to lay”), Albanian lag (“troop, band, war encampment”).

cog

the best laid plans of mice and men go oft astray

the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry

to lay a cable or rope

(ropemaking) To put the strands of (a rope, a cable, etc.) in their proper places and twist or unite them.


canal

Inherited from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”).


spelt

The noun is from Middle English spelt, from Old English spelt, connected with the verb. Compare speld and German Spelze (“husk”).
The adjective is from Middle English spelt, probably a contraction of spelked, past participle of spelken (“to bruise (beans)”), itself of obscure origin. Compare Scots spilkings (“split peas”), the later verb, and perhaps also splet.
The verb is probably from the adjective. Compare earlier spald, speld.


overcast

en-verb

overcast (third-person singular simple present overcasts, present participle overcasting, simple past and past participle overcast)

overcasts (present singular third-person)
overcasting (participle present)
overcast (participle past)
overcast (past)

/ˈəʊvəˌkɑːst/

/ˌəʊvəˈkɑːst/

From Middle English overcasten, equivalent to over- + cast. Compare Swedish överkast.

(transitive, bookbinding) To fasten (sheets) by overcast stitching or by folding one edge over another.


button

→ German: Button

→ Hindi: बटन (baṭan)

→ Gujarati: બટન (baṭan)

→ Korean: 버튼 (beoteun)

→ Maori: pātene

→ Marathi: बटण (baṭaṇ)

→ Urdu: بَٹَن (baṭan)

From Middle English boton, botoun, from Old French boton (Modern French bouton), from Old French bouter, boter (“to push; thrust”), ultimately from a Germanic language. Doublet of Biden and beat. More at butt.

(glassblowing) The oblate spheroidal mass of glass attaching a stem to either its bowl or foot.

(lutherie) In an instrument of the violin family, the near-semicircular shape extending from the top of the back plate of the instrument, meeting the heel of the neck.

(lutherie) Synonym of endbutton, part of a violin-family instrument.

(lutherie, bowmaking) Synonym of adjuster.


bridge

bridges (plural)
bridg (alternative obsolete)
brigge (alternative)

From Middle English brigge, from Old English brycġ (“bridge”), from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, *brugjǭ (“bridge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”).
Cognate with Scots brig, brigg, breeg (“bridge”), Saterland Frisian Brääch (“bridge”), West Frisian brêge (“bridge”), Dutch brug (“bridge”), German Brücke (“bridge”), Danish brygge (“wharf”), Icelandic brygga (“pier”), Gaulish briua (“bridge”).
The verb is from Middle English briggen, from Old English brycġian (“to bridge, make a causeway, pave”), derived from the noun. Cognate with Dutch bruggen (“to bridge”), Middle Low German bruggen (“to bridge”), Old High German bruccōn (“to bridge”) (whence Modern German brücken).
The musical connection sense is a semantic loan from German Steg, from Old High German steg.

ацҳа

construction or natural feature that spans a divide

if someone told you to jump off a bridge, would you do it

(music, lutherie) The piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board.

မြင်းမိုရ်

(music, lutherie) piece on string instruments


shear

en-noun

shear (countable and uncountable, plural shears)

From Middle English sheren, scheren, from Old English sċieran (“to shear; to shave”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Cognate with West Frisian skarre, Low German scheren, Dutch scheren, German scheren, Danish skære, Norwegian Bokmål skjære, Norwegian Nynorsk skjera, Swedish skära, Finnish keritä; and (from Indo-European) with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Latin caro (“flesh”), Albanian shqerr (“to tear, cut”), harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian ski̇̀rti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”). See also sharp.

inh

(metalworking) A large machine use for cutting sheet metal.


strike

→ Danish: strike

→ Dutch: strike

→ French: strike

→ German: Strike

→ Italian: strike

→ Japanese: ストライク (sutoraiku)

→ Korean: 스트라이크 (seuteuraikeu)

→ Portuguese: strike

→ Russian: страйк (strajk)

→ Spanish: strike

→ Swedish: strike

→ Danish: strejke

→ Esperanto: striko

→ Hungarian: sztrájk

→ Japanese: ストライキ (sutoraiki)

desctree

→ German: Streik, Strike (obsolete, 19th c.)
→ Kashubian: sztrajk
→ Macedonian: штрајк (štrajk)
→ Serbo-Croatian: štrȁjk /штра̏јк
→ Slovak: štrajk

→ Polish: strajk
→ Belarusian: страйк (strajk)
→ Ukrainian: страйк (strajk)

→ Swedish: strejk

→ Welsh: streic

From Middle English stryken, from Old English strīcan, from Proto-West Germanic *strīkan, from Proto-Germanic *strīkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, rub, press”).
Cognate with Dutch strijken, German streichen, Danish stryge, Icelandic strýkja, strýkva.


sweep

From Middle English swepen, from Proto-West Germanic *swaipijan (unattested in Old English), from Proto-Germanic *swaipijaną. Cognate with Early Modern West Frisian swiepe (“whip, cleanse, sweep”), from Old Frisian swēpa, suepa (“sweep”). More distantly related to Old Norse sveipa (whence Swedish svepa). See also swoop.

cog

(metalworking) A movable template for making moulds, in loam moulding.


ball

en-verb

ball (third-person singular simple present balls, present participle balling, simple past and past participle balled)

balls (present singular third-person)
balling (participle present)
balled (participle past)
balled (past)

From Middle English bal, ball, balle, from an unattested Old English *beall, *bealla (“round object, ball”) or Old Norse bǫllr (“a ball”), both from Proto-Germanic *balluz, *ballô (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“ball, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Old Saxon ball, Dutch bal, Old High German bal, ballo (German Ball (“ball”); Ballen (“bale”)). Related forms in Romance are borrowings from Germanic. See also balloon, bale.

der

(metalworking) To heat in a furnace and form into balls for rolling.


journey

Reborrowing from French journée (day's activities), originally an unadapted borrowing from French journée, from Old French jornee, from Vulgar Latin *diurnāta.

(glassblowing) The total time spent melting and working one piece.


list

From Middle English lī̆st, lī̆ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista, all from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ (“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”).
Cognates
* Saterland Frisian Lieste (“margin, strip, list”)
*Dutch lijst (“picture frame, list”)
* German Low German Liest (“edging, border”)
* German Leiste (“strip, rail, ledge; (heraldry) bar”)
* Swedish lista (“list”)
* Icelandic lista listi (“list”)
* Italian lista (“list; strip”)
* Portuguese lista (“list”)
* Spanish lista (“list, roll; stripe”)
* Galician lista (“band, strip; list”)
* Finnish lista (“(informal) list; batten”).

cog

(ropemaking) A piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker.


metal

en-noun

metal (countable and uncountable, plural metals)

nonmetal

antonym(s) of “any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms”

From Middle English metal, a borrowing from Old French metal, from Latin metallum (“metal, mine, quarry, mineral”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon, “mine, quarry, metal”).

аметалл

atomic element or material made of such atoms

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

(glassblowing) Molten glass that is to be blown or moulded to form objects.


flame

en-noun

flame (countable and uncountable, plural flames)

From Middle English flawme, blend of Old French flame and flambe, flamble, the first from Latin flamma, the second from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma, both from pre-Latin *fladma; Proto-Italic *flagmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Displaced native Old English līeġ.

der

The cello has a two-piece back with a beautiful narrow flame.

(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the curl.


klot

klot (indefinite nominative singular)
klots (genitive indefinite singular)
klotet (definite nominative singular)
klotets (definite genitive singular)
klot (indefinite nominative plural)
klots (genitive indefinite plural)
kloten (definite nominative plural)
klotens (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish klōt, from Middle Low German klôt, from Old Saxon *klōt, from Proto-Germanic *klautaz.
Cognate of German Kloß, English cleat, Dutch kloot. Compare with origin for klut.

(bookbinding) buckram (stiff cloth used in book covers)


skein

skeins (plural)
skean (alternative obsolete)
skain (alternative obsolete)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-skein.wav

From Middle English skayne, from Old French escaigne (Modern French écagne), probably of Proto-Celtic origin, from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to split off”). Compare Irish scáinne (“skein, clew”).

One of the free-state settlers went to the blacksmith's shop unarmed, carrying a waggon skein to be repaired.

(wagonmaking) A metallic strengthening band or thimble on the wooden arm of an axle.


nut

→ Japanese: ナット (natto)

From Middle English nute, note, from Old English hnutu, from Proto-West Germanic *hnut, from Proto-Germanic *hnuts (“nut”), from a root *knu- possibly shared with Proto-Celtic *knūs and Latin nux (“nut”). Based on the form of the nouns and the restriction of the root to Germanic, Celtic and Italic, it has been argued to be of non-Indo-European (substrate) origin.
See also West Frisian nút, Dutch noot, German Nuss, Danish nød, Swedish nöt, Norwegian nøtt.

dió

walnut in particular and an element in the name of some other nuts

dióféle

literally: ’walnut-like’, the family of this fruit

walnuts, hazelnuts/peanuts, chestnuts, and related fruits

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

(music, lutherie) On stringed instruments such as guitars and violins, the small piece at the peghead end of the fingerboard that holds the strings at the proper spacing and, in most cases, the proper height.

yläsatula

musical instruments: small piece that holds the strings at the proper spacing


burden

From Middle English burden, birden, burthen, birthen, byrthen, from Old English byrden, byrþen, from Proto-West Germanic *burþini, from *burþī, from Proto-Germanic *burþį̄, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, bear”).

Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond
w:Rossiter W. Raymond

(metalworking) The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.


繃

绷
綳
䙖
絣
䙀:sling
绷
綳
掹
绷
綳
迸
绷
綳
崩
嘣

(literary, or in compounds, crafts) embroidery frame


cop

From Middle English cop, coppe, from Old English cop, copp, from Proto-West Germanic *kopp, from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz (“vault, basin, round object”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew-. Cognate with Dutch kop, German Kopf.

check cop

probably etymologically unrelated to above terms

(crafts) The ball of thread wound on to the spindle in a spinning machine.


鎌

Kyūjitai Man'yōshū Shinjitai Sickle ja:鎌

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE. Possibly cognate with Chinese 鐮 /镰 (lián, “sickle”) (compare Old Chinese 鐮 (*ɡ·rem)).

鎌槍: a kind of polearm with a sickle-shaped blade

to get things sorted quickly and efficiently

to apply the sickle; compare English to glean

鎌を掛ける: → to get something out of a person without them being aware

(woodworking) short for 鎌継 (kamatsugi, “hammer-headed tenon”) (from the way the sickle blade sticks out perpendicular to the handle, similar to the sides of the hammer head on this kind of tenon)


well

From Middle English welle, from Old English wielle (“well”), from Proto-West Germanic *wallijā, from Proto-Germanic *wallijǭ (“well, swirl, wave”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”).
Cognate with West Frisian wel (“well”), Dutch wel (“well”), German Low German Well (“well”), German Welle (“wave”), Danish væld (“well; spring”), Swedish väl (“well”), Icelandic vella (“boiling; bubbling; eruption”).

cog

wool (interjection or unstressed, some accents)

the jug goes to the well until it breaks

the pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

(metalworking) The lower part of a furnace, into which the metal falls.


pager

From page + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (measurement suffix) (sense 3).

(bookbinding) One who makes up type into pages of a book; one who binds or sorts pages into a book.


way

ways (plural)
'way (alternative dated)
’way (alternative dated)

(glassblowing, obsolete) A seventeenth-century unit of Rhenish glass containing 60 bunches.


lathe

From Middle English lathe (“turning-lathe; stand”), from Old Norse hlað (“pile, heap”)—compare dialectal Danish lad (“stand, support frame”) (as in drejelad (“turning-lathe”), savelad (“saw bench”)), dialectal Norwegian la, lad (“pile, small wall”), dialectal Swedish lad (“folding table, lay of a loom”)—from hlaða (“to load”). More at lade.

inh

He shaped the bedpost by turning it on a lathe.

1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part II Chapter IV, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling
Of the windows of the village there was one yet more often occupied; for on Sundays from morning to night, and every morning when the weather was bright, one could see at the dormer-window of the garret the profile of Monsieur Binet bending over his lathe, whose monotonous humming could be heard at the Lion d'Or.

(tools, metalworking, woodworking) A machine tool used to shape a piece of material, or workpiece, by rotating the workpiece against a cutting tool.


against the grain

/əˈɡɛnst ðə ɡɹeɪn/

(woodworking, of sanding or planing a piece of wood) Preventing a smooth, level surface from being formed by raising the nap of the wood or causing larger splinters to form ahead of the cutting tool below the cutting surface.


stalk

From Middle English stalke, stelke, stalk, perhaps from Old English *stealc, *stielc, *stealuc, from Proto-West Germanic *staluk, *stalik, from Proto-Germanic *stalukaz, *stalikaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *stalô, *staluz (“support, stem, stalk”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to place, stand; be stiff; stud, post, trunk, stake, stem, stalk”). Cognate with Old High German *stelh in wazzarstelh (“wagtail”), Danish stilk (“stalk, stem”), Swedish stjälk (“stalk, stem”), Icelandic stilkur (“stalk, stem”).
Related also to Middle English stale (“ladder upright, stalk”), Old English stalu (“wooden upright”), Middle Low German stal, stale (“chair leg”), Old English stela (“stalk”), Dutch steel (“stalk”), German Stiel (“stalk”), Albanian shtalkë (“crossbeam, board used as a door hinge”), Welsh telm (“frond”), Ancient Greek στειλειή (steileiḗ, “beam”), Old Armenian ստեղն (stełn, “trunk, stalk”).

varsi

something resembling the stalk of a plant

(metalworking) An iron bar with projections inserted in a core to strengthen it; a core arbor.


couch

en-verb

couch (third-person singular simple present couches, present participle couching, simple past and past participle couched)

couches (present singular third-person)
couching (participle present)
couched (participle past)
couched (past)
cowch (alternative)
cowch (alternative)

From Middle English couchen, from Old French (se) couchier, (se) colchier (“go to bed, lay down”), from Latin collocāre (“set in place”), from com- (“together, with”) + locāre. Doublet of collocate.

He invented the grooved wood roll or mandrel on which the thin film of wet paper, as couched from the cylinder mould, was wound and thus the sheet built up to the required thickness, when it was cut from the roll or mandrel along the groove and peeled off to be air dried and sheet calendered.

1922 May, “Paper board industry is distinctly American”, in Shears, volume 30, Lafayette, Ind.: Haywood Pub. Co., →OCLC, page 103:

Couching involves transferring the sheet of paper from the mould to the felt. […] After couching the sheet, place a new felt on top and repeat the operation.

2003, Josep Asunción, The Complete Book of Papermaking, New York, N.Y.: Lark Books, →ISBN, page 80:

(papermaking, transitive) To transfer (for example, sheets of partly dried pulp) from the wire mould to a felt blanket for further drying.


leaf

en-noun

leaf (countable and uncountable, plural leaves)

Tok Pisin: lip

From Middle English leef, from Old English lēaf, from Proto-West Germanic *laub, from Proto-Germanic *laubą (“leaf”), from Proto-Indo-European *lowbʰ-o-m, from *lewbʰ- (“leaf, rind”)
See also West Frisian leaf, Low German Loov, Dutch loof, German Laub, Danish løv, Swedish löv, Norwegian Nynorsk lauv, Icelandic lauf; also Irish luibh (“herb”), Latin liber (“bast; book”), Lithuanian lúoba (“bark”), Albanian labë (“rind”), Latvian luba (“plank, board”), Russian луб (lub, “bast”).
(Internet slang: Canadian): In reference to the maple leaf as national symbol.

flat-leaf parsley

Petroselinum crispum neapolitanum group; syn. Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum

Heretofore advertisers have had to buy and pay for a leaf — two pages.

1900, Profitable Advertising, volume 10, number 2, page 893:

(publishing, bookbinding, advertising) A sheet of a book, magazine, etc. (consisting of two pages, one on each face of the leaf).


batter

en-verb

batter (third-person singular simple present batters, present participle battering, simple past and past participle battered)

batters (present singular third-person)
battering (participle present)
battered (participle past)
battered (past)

From Middle English batteren, batren, bateren, a frequentative of Middle English batten, baten (“to beat”), equivalent to bat + -er (frequentative suffix).

(metalworking) To flatten (metal) by hammering, so as to compress it inwardly and spread it outwardly.


pattern

From earlier patten, paterne, from Middle English patron (“patron; example”), from Old French patron, from Medieval Latin patrōnus (“patron”). Doublet of padrone, patron, Patronus, and patroon.

skemo

intelligible arrangement which has a mathematical, geometric, statistical etc. relationship

From this point those who became pupils went on to a further series of shops, usually commencing with the pattern shop. […] However, some of us did make quite reasonable patterns and had the satisfaction of seeing castings produced from them but, sad to say, many of these efforts were used as firewood after they had left the shop.

1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 341:

But instead, the distinctive ironwork and glass platform awnings have been carefully refurbished, while making them compatible with the overhead wiring. Kettering's island Platform 2/3 is especially noteworthy. Although it dates from 1879, when the station was enlarged to four platforms, the same original (1857) patterns for the delicate cast-ironwork seem to have been used - […].

2022 December 14, Robin Leleux, “A royal occasion as heritage projects honoured: Kettering”, in RAIL, number 972, page 56:

(metalworking, dated) A full-sized model around which a mould of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed from the mould without damage.


Seele

de-noun

Seele f (genitive Seele, plural Seelen, diminutive Seelchen n)

Seele (genitive)
Seelen (plural)
Seelchen (diminutive neuter)
Seele (nominative singular)
Seelen (definite nominative plural)
Seele (genitive singular)
Seelen (definite genitive plural)
Seele (dative singular)
Seelen (dative definite plural)
Seele (accusative singular)
Seelen (accusative definite plural)
Seel (alternative poetic)
Seel' (alternative poetic)

From Middle High German sēle, from Old High German sēula, sēla, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō. Cognate with Low German Seel, Dutch ziel, English soul, Danish sjæl.
The type of bread is probably related to Allerseelen (“All Souls' Day”).


top

en-noun

top (countable and uncountable, plural tops)

From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown ultimate origin.
Cognate with Scots tap (“top”), North Frisian top, tap, tup (“top”), Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), West Frisian top (“top”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), Low German Topp (“top”), German Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Icelandic toppur (“top”).
The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.

suprulo

BDSM: dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay

one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top

(ropemaking) A plug or conical block of wood with longitudinal grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.


bead

en-verb

bead (third-person singular simple present beads, present participle beading, simple past and past participle beaded)

beads (present singular third-person)
beading (participle present)
beaded (participle past)
beaded (past)

From Middle English bede (“a prayer”), also “a bead for counting prayers” in a peire of bedes (literally “a pair of beads”), from Old English bedu, bed, ġebed (“a request, entreaty, prayer”), from Proto-West Germanic *bedu, *bed, *gabed, from Proto-Germanic *bedō, *bedą.
Cognate with Dutch gebed and bede, German Gebet.

(woodworking)
(intransitive) To form into a bead.

The raindrops beaded on the car's waxed finish.


rip

rip (third-person singular simple present rips, present participle ripping, simple past and past participle ripped)

rips (present singular third-person)
ripping (participle present)
ripped (participle past)
ripped (past)

From Middle English rippen, from earlier ryppen (“to pluck”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rupjaną, *ruppōną (compare West Frisian rippe, ripje, roppe, ropje (“to rip”), Dutch dialectal rippen, Low German ruppen, German Low German röpen, German rupfen), intensive of *raupijaną (compare Old English rīpan, rīepan (“to plunder”), West Frisian rippe (“to rip, tear”), German raufen (“to rip”)), causative of Proto-Indo-European *roub- ~ *reub- (compare Albanian rrabe ‘maquis’, possibly Latin rubus (“bramble”)), variant of *Hrewp- (“to break”). More at reave, rob.

(woodworking) To cut wood along (parallel to) the grain.

halkaista

woodworking: to cut wood along the grain


step

From Middle English steppen, from Old English steppan (“to step, go, proceed, advance”), stepe (“step”), from Proto-West Germanic *stappjan, from Proto-Germanic *stapjaną (“to step”), *stapiz (“step”), from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to support, stomp, curse, be amazed”).
Cognate with West Frisian stappe (“to step”), North Frisian stape (“to walk, trudge”), Dutch stappen (“to step, walk”), Walloon steper (“to walk away, leave”), German stapfen (“to trudge, stomp, plod”) and further to Slavic Polish stąpać (“to stomp, stamp, step, tread”), Russian ступать (stupatʹ) and Polish stopień (“step, stair, rung, degree”), Russian степень (stepenʹ). Related to stamp, stomp.

cog

a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step

one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind

(glassblowing) The button joining a glass's stem to its foot.


massa

massa (nominative singular)
massat (nominative plural)
massa (accusative nominative singular)
massat (accusative nominative plural)
massan (accusative genitive singular)
massat (accusative genitive plural)
massan (genitive singular)
massojen (genitive plural)
massain (genitive plural rare)
massaa (partitive singular)
massoja (partitive plural)
massassa (inessive singular)
massoissa (inessive plural)
massasta (elative singular)
massoista (elative plural)
massaan (illative singular)
massoihin (illative plural)
massalla (adessive singular)
massoilla (adessive plural)
massalta (ablative singular)
massoilta (ablative plural)
massalle (allative singular)
massoille (allative plural)
massana (essive singular)
massoina (essive plural)
massaksi (singular translative)
massoiksi (plural translative)
massatta (abessive singular)
massoitta (abessive plural)
massoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
massani (nominative singular)
massani (nominative plural)
massani (accusative nominative singular)
massani (accusative nominative plural)
massani (accusative genitive singular)
massani (accusative genitive plural)
massani (genitive singular)
massojeni (genitive plural)
massaini (genitive plural rare)
massaani (partitive singular)
massojani (partitive plural)
massassani (inessive singular)
massoissani (inessive plural)
massastani (elative singular)
massoistani (elative plural)
massaani (illative singular)
massoihini (illative plural)
massallani (adessive singular)
massoillani (adessive plural)
massaltani (ablative singular)
massoiltani (ablative plural)
massalleni (allative singular)
massoilleni (allative plural)
massanani (essive singular)
massoinani (essive plural)
massakseni (singular translative)
massoikseni (plural translative)
massattani (abessive singular)
massoittani (abessive plural)
massoineni (comitative plural)
massasi (nominative singular)
massasi (nominative plural)
massasi (accusative nominative singular)
massasi (accusative nominative plural)
massasi (accusative genitive singular)
massasi (accusative genitive plural)
massasi (genitive singular)
massojesi (genitive plural)
massaisi (genitive plural rare)
massaasi (partitive singular)
massojasi (partitive plural)
massassasi (inessive singular)
massoissasi (inessive plural)
massastasi (elative singular)
massoistasi (elative plural)
massaasi (illative singular)
massoihisi (illative plural)
massallasi (adessive singular)
massoillasi (adessive plural)
massaltasi (ablative singular)
massoiltasi (ablative plural)
massallesi (allative singular)
massoillesi (allative plural)
massanasi (essive singular)
massoinasi (essive plural)
massaksesi (singular translative)
massoiksesi (plural translative)
massattasi (abessive singular)
massoittasi (abessive plural)
massoinesi (comitative plural)
massamme (nominative singular)
massamme (nominative plural)
massamme (accusative nominative singular)
massamme (accusative nominative plural)
massamme (accusative genitive singular)
massamme (accusative genitive plural)
massamme (genitive singular)
massojemme (genitive plural)
massaimme (genitive plural rare)
massaamme (partitive singular)
massojamme (partitive plural)
massassamme (inessive singular)
massoissamme (inessive plural)
massastamme (elative singular)
massoistamme (elative plural)
massaamme (illative singular)
massoihimme (illative plural)
massallamme (adessive singular)
massoillamme (adessive plural)
massaltamme (ablative singular)
massoiltamme (ablative plural)
massallemme (allative singular)
massoillemme (allative plural)
massanamme (essive singular)
massoinamme (essive plural)
massaksemme (singular translative)
massoiksemme (plural translative)
massattamme (abessive singular)
massoittamme (abessive plural)
massoinemme (comitative plural)
massanne (nominative singular)
massanne (nominative plural)
massanne (accusative nominative singular)
massanne (accusative nominative plural)
massanne (accusative genitive singular)
massanne (accusative genitive plural)
massanne (genitive singular)
massojenne (genitive plural)
massainne (genitive plural rare)
massaanne (partitive singular)
massojanne (partitive plural)
massassanne (inessive singular)
massoissanne (inessive plural)
massastanne (elative singular)
massoistanne (elative plural)
massaanne (illative singular)
massoihinne (illative plural)
massallanne (adessive singular)
massoillanne (adessive plural)
massaltanne (ablative singular)
massoiltanne (ablative plural)
massallenne (allative singular)
massoillenne (allative plural)
massananne (essive singular)
massoinanne (essive plural)
massaksenne (singular translative)
massoiksenne (plural translative)
massattanne (abessive singular)
massoittanne (abessive plural)
massoinenne (comitative plural)
massansa (nominative singular)
massansa (nominative plural)
massansa (accusative nominative singular)
massansa (accusative nominative plural)
massansa (accusative genitive singular)
massansa (accusative genitive plural)
massansa (genitive singular)
massojensa (genitive plural)
massainsa (genitive plural rare)
massaansa (partitive singular)
massojaan (partitive plural)
massojansa (partitive plural)
massassaan (inessive singular)
massassansa (inessive singular)
massoissaan (inessive plural)
massoissansa (inessive plural)
massastaan (elative singular)
massastansa (elative singular)
massoistaan (elative plural)
massoistansa (elative plural)
massaansa (illative singular)
massoihinsa (illative plural)
massallaan (adessive singular)
massallansa (adessive singular)
massoillaan (adessive plural)
massoillansa (adessive plural)
massaltaan (ablative singular)
massaltansa (ablative singular)
massoiltaan (ablative plural)
massoiltansa (ablative plural)
massalleen (allative singular)
massallensa (allative singular)
massoilleen (allative plural)
massoillensa (allative plural)
massanaan (essive singular)
massanansa (essive singular)
massoinaan (essive plural)
massoinansa (essive plural)
massakseen (singular translative)
massaksensa (singular translative)
massoikseen (plural translative)
massoiksensa (plural translative)
massattaan (abessive singular)
massattansa (abessive singular)
massoittaan (abessive plural)
massoittansa (abessive plural)
massoineen (comitative plural)
massoinensa (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Swedish massa, from Late Latin massa.

mekaaninen massa

(papermaking) pulp (soft, moist mass used to make paper)


waver

From wave (verb) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

affix

A person who specializes in treating hair to make it wavy.

kähertäjä

(hairdressing)
A tool used to make hair wavy.


match

→ Azerbaijani: matç

→ Belarusian: матч (matč)

→ Bengali: ম্যাচ (mêc)

→ Catalan: matx

→ Crimean Tatar: matç

→ Dutch: match

→ Egyptian Arabic: ماتش

→ Esperanto: matĉo

→ Estonian: matš

→ Finnish: matsi

desctree

→ French: match
→ Ladino: mach
→ Romanian: meci
→ Turkish: maç

→ German: Match

→ Greek: ματς (mats)

→ Hindi: मैच (maic)

→ Hungarian: meccs

→ Japanese: マッチ (matchi)

→ Latvian: mačs

→ Polish: mecz
→ Kashubian: mecz

→ Russian: матч (matč)
→ Armenian: մատչ (matčʻ)

→ Swahili: mechi

→ Ukrainian: матч (matč)

→ Welsh: matsh

From Middle English macche, mecche, from Old English mæċċa, ġemæċċa (“companion, mate, wife, one suited to another”), from Proto-West Germanic *makkjō, *gamakkjō (“partner, equal”), from Proto-Germanic *makô, from Proto-Indo-European *mag- (“to knead, work”). Compare Danish mage (“mate”), Icelandic maki (“spouse”).

der

(metalworking) A perforated board, block of plaster, hardened sand, etc., in which a pattern is partly embedded when a mould is made, for giving shape to the surfaces of separation between the parts of the mould.


patron

fr-noun

patron m (plural patrons, feminine patronne)

→ German: Patrone

→ Italian: patron

→ Romanian: patron

→ Russian: патро́н (patrón)

→ Turkish: patron

From Old French patron (“patron, protector”), from Latin patrōnus, from pater (“father”).

(lutherie) a piece of wood from which an instrument is made


roast

en-verb

roast (third-person singular simple present roasts, present participle roasting, simple past and past participle roasted)

roasts (present singular third-person)
roasting (participle present)
roasted (participle past)
roasted (past)
rost (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English rosten, a borrowing from Old French rostir (“to roast, to torture with fire”), from Frankish *rōstijan (“to roast, broil”), from Proto-Germanic *raustijaną (“to roast”), from Proto-Indo-European *rews- (“to crackle; roast”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian rosterje (“to roast”), Dutch roosten, roosteren (“to roast”), German rösten (“to roast”).
Displaced native Middle English breden, bræden (“to roast”), from Old English brǣdan, related to German braten (“to roast, grill”).

der

(metalworking) To dissipate the volatile parts of by heat, as ores.


anima

From Latin anima, from animus, from Proto-Italic *anamos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Doublet of alma.

the innermost part of something:
(lutherie) sound post

the innermost part of something:
sound post


raise

en-verb

raise (third-person singular simple present raises, present participle raising, simple past and past participle raised)

raises (present singular third-person)
raising (participle present)
raised (participle past)
raised (past)

From Middle English reysen, raisen, reisen, from Old Norse reisa (“to raise”), from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną (“to raise”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to rise, arise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”).
Cognate with Old English rāsian (“to explore, examine, research”), Old English rīsan (“to seize, carry off”), Old English rǣran (“to raise”). Doublet of rear.

whakahī

Referring to lifting the pitch of a musical note

hāpai

Of lifting an object to a higher elevation

hī

Refers to raising an eyebrow in scepticism

raise oneself up by one's own bootstraps

(physical) To cause to rise; to lift or elevate.

(metalworking, transitive) To emboss (sheet metal), or to form it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.


antique

en-adj

antique (comparative antiquer, superlative antiquest)

antiquer (comparative)
antiquest (superlative)
antic (alternative obsolete)
anticke (alternative obsolete)
antiq. (alternative abbreviation)

Borrowed from French antique (“ancient, old”), from Latin antiquus (“former, earlier, ancient, old”), from ante (“before”); see ante-. Doublet of antic.


antique

en-verb

antique (third-person singular simple present antiques, present participle antiquing, simple past and past participle antiqued)

antiques (present singular third-person)
antiquing (participle present)
antiqued (participle past)
antiqued (past)
antic (alternative obsolete)
anticke (alternative obsolete)
antiq. (alternative abbreviation)

(transitive, bookbinding) To emboss without gilding.


web

From Middle English webbe, from Old English webb, from Proto-Germanic *wabją, from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“weave”).

what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive

(glassblowing, obsolete) A seventeenth-century unit of Rhenish glass containing 60 bunches.


gate

From Middle English gate, gat, ȝate, ȝeat, from Old English ġeat (“gate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gat, from Proto-Germanic *gatą (“hole, opening”).
See also Old Norse gat, Swedish and Dutch gat, Low German Gaat, Gööt.

(metalworking) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mould; the ingate.


caixa

Inherited from Latin capsa. Compare Catalan caixa, Occitan caissa and Sicilian cascia.


caixa

→ Asturian: caxa

→ Leonese: caixa

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: cajxa

Galician: caixa

Portuguese: caixa

→ Old Spanish: caxa

Spanish: caja

→ Sardinian: cascia

→ Sicilian: caxa, cascia

Inherited from Latin capsa. Doublet of capsa. Compare Aragonese caixa, Occitan caissa and Sicilian cascia.


nip

nips (plural)
gnip (alternative)
knip (alternative)

From late Middle English nippen, probably of Low German or Dutch origin, probably a byform of earlier *knippen (suggested by the derivative Middle English knippette (“pincers”)), from Middle Low German knîpen, from Old Saxon *knīpan, from Proto-West Germanic *knīpan, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *knīpaną (“to pinch”).
Related to Dutch nijpen, knijpen (“to pinch”), Danish nive (“pinch”); Swedish nypa (“pinch”); Low German knipen; German kneipen and kneifen (“to pinch, cut off, nip”), Old Norse hnippa (“to prod, poke”); Lithuanian knebti.

(papermaking) The place of intersection where one roll touches another


quire

From Middle English quayer, from Anglo-Norman quaier and Old French quaer, from Latin quaternus (“fourfold”), from quater (“four times”). Doublet of cahier.

(bookbinding) A set of leaves which are stitched together, originally a set of four pieces of paper (eight leaves, sixteen pages). This is most often a single signature (i.e. group of four), but may be several nested signatures.


quire

quire (third-person singular simple present quires, present participle quiring, simple past and past participle quired)

quires (present singular third-person)
quiring (participle present)
quired (participle past)
quired (past)

Now, in the first folio volume of 1616, the paging, signatures, and quiring are continuous and regular throughout.

1870, William White, Notes and Queries, volume 42:

This is a natural point at which to ask why quiring went out of fashion.

1938, The Dolphin: A Journal of the Making of the Books, number 3:

By means of these smooth pages we can mostly see how the modern binder made up the book, but whether in doing this he followed the original quiring is quite another matter.

1976, Alfred William Pollard, Alfred William Pollard: A Selection of his Essays:

(bookbinding) To prepare quires by stitching together leaves of paper.


vara

vara (nominative singular)
varat (nominative plural)
vara (accusative nominative singular)
varat (accusative nominative plural)
varan (accusative genitive singular)
varat (accusative genitive plural)
varan (genitive singular)
varojen (genitive plural)
varain (genitive plural rare)
varaa (partitive singular)
varoja (partitive plural)
varassa (inessive singular)
varoissa (inessive plural)
varasta (elative singular)
varoista (elative plural)
varaan (illative singular)
varoihin (illative plural)
varalla (adessive singular)
varoilla (adessive plural)
varalta (ablative singular)
varoilta (ablative plural)
varalle (allative singular)
varoille (allative plural)
varana (essive singular)
varoina (essive plural)
varaksi (singular translative)
varoiksi (plural translative)
varatta (abessive singular)
varoitta (abessive plural)
varoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
varani (nominative singular)
varani (nominative plural)
varani (accusative nominative singular)
varani (accusative nominative plural)
varani (accusative genitive singular)
varani (accusative genitive plural)
varani (genitive singular)
varojeni (genitive plural)
varaini (genitive plural rare)
varaani (partitive singular)
varojani (partitive plural)
varassani (inessive singular)
varoissani (inessive plural)
varastani (elative singular)
varoistani (elative plural)
varaani (illative singular)
varoihini (illative plural)
varallani (adessive singular)
varoillani (adessive plural)
varaltani (ablative singular)
varoiltani (ablative plural)
varalleni (allative singular)
varoilleni (allative plural)
varanani (essive singular)
varoinani (essive plural)
varakseni (singular translative)
varoikseni (plural translative)
varattani (abessive singular)
varoittani (abessive plural)
varoineni (comitative plural)
varasi (nominative singular)
varasi (nominative plural)
varasi (accusative nominative singular)
varasi (accusative nominative plural)
varasi (accusative genitive singular)
varasi (accusative genitive plural)
varasi (genitive singular)
varojesi (genitive plural)
varaisi (genitive plural rare)
varaasi (partitive singular)
varojasi (partitive plural)
varassasi (inessive singular)
varoissasi (inessive plural)
varastasi (elative singular)
varoistasi (elative plural)
varaasi (illative singular)
varoihisi (illative plural)
varallasi (adessive singular)
varoillasi (adessive plural)
varaltasi (ablative singular)
varoiltasi (ablative plural)
varallesi (allative singular)
varoillesi (allative plural)
varanasi (essive singular)
varoinasi (essive plural)
varaksesi (singular translative)
varoiksesi (plural translative)
varattasi (abessive singular)
varoittasi (abessive plural)
varoinesi (comitative plural)
varamme (nominative singular)
varamme (nominative plural)
varamme (accusative nominative singular)
varamme (accusative nominative plural)
varamme (accusative genitive singular)
varamme (accusative genitive plural)
varamme (genitive singular)
varojemme (genitive plural)
varaimme (genitive plural rare)
varaamme (partitive singular)
varojamme (partitive plural)
varassamme (inessive singular)
varoissamme (inessive plural)
varastamme (elative singular)
varoistamme (elative plural)
varaamme (illative singular)
varoihimme (illative plural)
varallamme (adessive singular)
varoillamme (adessive plural)
varaltamme (ablative singular)
varoiltamme (ablative plural)
varallemme (allative singular)
varoillemme (allative plural)
varanamme (essive singular)
varoinamme (essive plural)
varaksemme (singular translative)
varoiksemme (plural translative)
varattamme (abessive singular)
varoittamme (abessive plural)
varoinemme (comitative plural)
varanne (nominative singular)
varanne (nominative plural)
varanne (accusative nominative singular)
varanne (accusative nominative plural)
varanne (accusative genitive singular)
varanne (accusative genitive plural)
varanne (genitive singular)
varojenne (genitive plural)
varainne (genitive plural rare)
varaanne (partitive singular)
varojanne (partitive plural)
varassanne (inessive singular)
varoissanne (inessive plural)
varastanne (elative singular)
varoistanne (elative plural)
varaanne (illative singular)
varoihinne (illative plural)
varallanne (adessive singular)
varoillanne (adessive plural)
varaltanne (ablative singular)
varoiltanne (ablative plural)
varallenne (allative singular)
varoillenne (allative plural)
varananne (essive singular)
varoinanne (essive plural)
varaksenne (singular translative)
varoiksenne (plural translative)
varattanne (abessive singular)
varoittanne (abessive plural)
varoinenne (comitative plural)
varansa (nominative singular)
varansa (nominative plural)
varansa (accusative nominative singular)
varansa (accusative nominative plural)
varansa (accusative genitive singular)
varansa (accusative genitive plural)
varansa (genitive singular)
varojensa (genitive plural)
varainsa (genitive plural rare)
varaansa (partitive singular)
varojaan (partitive plural)
varojansa (partitive plural)
varassaan (inessive singular)
varassansa (inessive singular)
varoissaan (inessive plural)
varoissansa (inessive plural)
varastaan (elative singular)
varastansa (elative singular)
varoistaan (elative plural)
varoistansa (elative plural)
varaansa (illative singular)
varoihinsa (illative plural)
varallaan (adessive singular)
varallansa (adessive singular)
varoillaan (adessive plural)
varoillansa (adessive plural)
varaltaan (ablative singular)
varaltansa (ablative singular)
varoiltaan (ablative plural)
varoiltansa (ablative plural)
varalleen (allative singular)
varallensa (allative singular)
varoilleen (allative plural)
varoillensa (allative plural)
varanaan (essive singular)
varanansa (essive singular)
varoinaan (essive plural)
varoinansa (essive plural)
varakseen (singular translative)
varaksensa (singular translative)
varoikseen (plural translative)
varoiksensa (plural translative)
varattaan (abessive singular)
varattansa (abessive singular)
varoittaan (abessive plural)
varoittansa (abessive plural)
varoineen (comitative plural)
varoinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *vara (compare Estonian vara), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *warō (compare Swedish vara (“goods”), vara (“care”), English ware (“aware”), aware, ware (“goods”)).

kaiken varalta

just in case, just to make sure, to be on the safe side

pitää varansa

to watch out, watch one's step, be on one's guard, keep one's eyes open

(woodworking) a tool for cutting long grooves into (the bottoms of) logs for fitting, or for drafting where the grooves will be cut


mat

nl-noun

mat m or f (plural matten, diminutive matje n)

matten (plural)
matje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: mat

From Middle Dutch matte, borrowed from Latin matta. Cognates include English mat and German Matte.


forward

en-verb

forward (third-person singular simple present forwards, present participle forwarding, simple past and past participle forwarded)

forwards (present singular third-person)
forwarding (participle present)
forwarded (participle past)
forwarded (past)
foreward (alternative)
forrard (alternative)
forrad (alternative)
forred (alternative)

Dutch: forwarden

From Middle English foreward, from Old English foreweard (“forward, inclined to the front, fore, early, former”), from Proto-Germanic *fura- (“fore-”), *warþaz (“turned”), equivalent to fore + -ward. Cognate with Dutch voorwaarts (“forward”), German vorwärts (“forward”).

der

(transitive, bookbinding) To assemble (a book) by sewing sections, attaching cover boards, and so on.


seco

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Latin siccus, from Proto-Indo-European *seyk-.

Un nuevo paso del seco por la cuerda, la dejará preparado para el plegado.

1996, “Cuerdas y Sogas Artesanales, Elaboración y Trenzado con Fibras Vegetales” (15:36 from the start), in (Please provide the book title or journal name):


plough

en-verb

plough (third-person singular simple present ploughs, present participle ploughing, simple past and past participle ploughed)

ploughs (present singular third-person)
ploughing (participle present)
ploughed (participle past)
ploughed (past)
plow (alternative US)

From Middle English plouh, plow, plugh(e), plough(e), plouw, from Old English plōh (“hide of land, ploughland”) and Old Norse plógr (“plough (the implement)”), both from Proto-Germanic *plōgaz, *plōguz (“plough”). Cognate with Scots pleuch, plou, North Frisian plog, West Frisian ploech, Low German Ploog, Dutch ploeg, Russian плуг (plug), German Pflug, Danish plov, Swedish and Norwegian plog, Icelandic plógur. Replaced Old English sulh (“plough, furrow”); see sullow.

der

(bookbinding) To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or paper, with a plough.


finery

en-noun

finery (countable and uncountable, plural fineries)

In front of the finery hearth in which the sow is melted down again, the finer is working with a long iron bar called a ringer (from French 'ringard') with which he keeps the molten iron in motion by stirring, an essential stage in the process of refining.

1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, page 160:

(ironworking) A charcoal hearth or furnace for the conversion of cast iron into wrought iron, or into iron suitable for puddling.


rap

en-verb

rap (third-person singular simple present raps, present participle rapping, simple past and past participle rapped)

raps (present singular third-person)
rapping (participle present)
rapped (participle past)
rapped (past)

From Middle English rappen, of North Germanic origin, related to Swedish rappa (“to strike, beat, rap”), German rappeln (“to rattle”).

(metalworking) To free (a pattern) in a mould by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its removal.


balloon

→ Assamese: বেলুন (belun)

→ Bengali: বেলুন (belun)

→ Japanese: バルーン (barūn)

→ Maori: parūnu

→ Welsh: balŵn

→ Zulu: ibhaloni

1570, "a game played with a large, inflated leather ball" (possibly via Middle French ballon) from Italian pallone (“large ball”) from palla (“ball”), from Lombardic *palla. The Northern Italian form, balla (“ball-shaped bundle”), today a doublet, likely derived from Old French balle, from Frankish *balla (“ball”), and may have influenced the spelling of this word. Both Germanic words are from Proto-Germanic *ballô (“ball”), *balluz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoln- (“bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell, inflate”). Akin to Old High German ballo, bal (“ball”), (German Ballen (“bale”); Ball "ball"). Doublet of ballon. More at ball.

der

(engraving) The outline enclosing words represented as coming from the mouth of a pictured figure.


cheek

en-noun

cheek (countable and uncountable, plural cheeks)

From Middle English cheeke, cheke, cheoke, choke, from Old English ċēce, ċēace, ċēoce (“cheek; jaw”), from Proto-West Germanic *kākā, *keukā (“jaw, cheek”), from Proto-Germanic *kēkǭ, *keukǭ (“jaw; palate; pharynx”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁- (“to chew”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Sooke (“cheek”), West Frisian tsjeak (“jaw”), Dutch kaak (“jaw; cheek”), Swedish käke (“jaw; jowl”), Norwegian kjake (“jaw”), Old Norse kók (“mouth; gullet”).

der

(metalworking) The middle section of a flask, made so that it can be moved laterally, to permit the removal of the pattern from the mould.


curl

From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).

unk

unknown

cog

The one-piece back is of a medium curl.

(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the flame.

loimukuvio

music: light and dark figure seen in wood


chit

chit (accusative indefinite nominative)
chitul (accusative definite nominative)
chit (indefinite)
chitului (definite)
chitule (vocative)


loam

en-noun

loam (countable and uncountable, plural loams)

From Middle English lome, lame, lam, from Old English lām (“clay, mud, mire, earth”), from Proto-West Germanic *laim, from Proto-Germanic *laimaz, *laimô (“clay”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH- (“to smear”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Leem (“loam”), West Frisian liem (“loam”), Dutch leem (“loam”), German Lehm (“loam”). Related also to lime.

der

(metalworking) A mixture of sand, clay, and other materials, used in making moulds for large castings, often without a pattern.


muff

Probably from Dutch mof (“muff, mitten”).

(glassblowing) A blown cylinder of glass which is afterward flattened out to make a sheet.


rooter

In cutting across the grain a small steel cutter, No. 10, must first be used in a similar manner, moving the strip of wood which acts as a gauge, to cut the second line exactly the same width as the "rooter" blade; the "rooter" is then used as before, when the piece between the two lines made by the cutter will be neatly removed without leaving a burr, which would not be the case if the "rooter" was alone used across the grain.

2023, William Bemrose, Manual of Buhl-Work and Marquetry, page ii:

(woodworking) A blade for producing a narrow groove in a piece of wood.


spline

Mid-1700s East Anglian dialect. Origin uncertain but perhaps from Old Danish splind or North Frisian splinj and ultimately related to the root of splinter.

liuska

strip of wood used in joining wooden parts

(woodworking) A strip of wood or other material inserted into grooves in each of two pieces of wood to provide additional surface for gluing.


yoke

From Middle English yok, yoke, ȝok from Old English ġeoc (“yoke”), from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”), from *yewg- (“to join; to tie together, yoke”). Doublet of yuga, jugum, yoga and possibly yogh.
Senses 3.1 (“area of arable land”) and 3.2 (“amount of work done with draught animals”) probably referred to the area of land that could generally be ploughed by yoked draught animals within a given time.

poikkipuu

linking or supporting object that resembles a yoke

駕駛桿 /驾驶杆

device with crosspieces used to control an aircraft

iugum

unit of land area notionally equivalent to the area a team of yoked draft animals can work in a day

Senses relating to a frame around the neck.

Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc.

(glassblowing) A Y-shaped stand used to support a blowpipe or punty while reheating in the glory hole.

pidike

(glassblowing) Y-shaped stand used to support a blowpipe or punty while reheating in the glory hole


moil

en-noun

moil (countable and uncountable, plural moils)

moils (plural)
moile (alternative)
moyle (alternative)

Of unclear origin; possibly from French meule or Hebrew מוהל (mohel, “ritual circumciser”), referring to the foreskin-like shape of the unwanted rim.

bor

(glassblowing) The glass circling the tip of a blowpipe or punty, such as the residual glass after detaching a blown vessel, or the lower part of a gather.

(glassblowing, blow molding) The excess material which adheres to the top, base, or rim of a glass object when it is cut or knocked off from a blowpipe or punty, or from the mold-filling process. Typically removed after annealing as part of the finishing process (e.g. scored and snapped off).

(glassblowing) The metallic oxide from a blowpipe which has adhered to a glass object.


gather

en-verb

gather (third-person singular simple present gathers, present participle gathering, simple past and past participle gathered)

gathers (present singular third-person)
gathering (participle present)
gathered (participle past)
gathered (past)
gether (alternative obsolete regional)

From Middle English gaderen, from Old English gaderian (“to gather, assemble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn (“to bring together, unite, gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, assemble, keep”).

der

(glassblowing) To collect molten glass on the end of a tool.


gather

gathers (plural)
gether (alternative obsolete regional)

(glassblowing) A blob of molten glass collected on the end of a blowpipe.


remark

en-noun

remark (countable and uncountable, plural remarks)

From Middle French remarquer, from Old French remarquer, from re- (“again”) + marquer (“to mark”); see mark.

(engraving) Alternative form of remarque.


rive

en-verb

rive (third-person singular simple present rives, present participle riving, simple past rived or rove or rave, past participle rived or riven)

rives (present singular third-person)
riving (participle present)
rived (past)
rove (past)
rave (past)
rived (participle past)
riven (participle past)

From Middle English riven (“to rive”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse rífa (“to rend, tear apart”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną (“to tear, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to crumble, tear”).
Cognate with Danish rive (“to tear”), Old Frisian rīva (“to tear”), Old English ārǣfan (“to let loose, unwrap”), Old Norse ript (“breach of contract, rift”), Norwegian Bokmål rive (“to tear”), Swedish riva (”to tear”) and Albanian rrip (“belt, rope”). More at rift.

cog

(woodworking) To use a technique of splitting or sawing wood radially from a log (e.g. clapboards).


roulette

→ Catalan: ruleta

→ Czech: ruleta

→ Danish: roulette, roulet

→ English: roulette

→ Galician: ruleta

→ German: Roulette (see there for further descendants)

→ Italian: roulette

→ Japanese: ルーレット

→ Norwegian Bokmål: rulett

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rulett

→ Portuguese: roleta

→ Spanish: ruleta

→ Swedish: roulett

→ Thai: รูเล็ตต์ (ruu-lèt)


spike

From Middle English spike, spyke, spik, from Old Norse spík (“spike, sprig”), from Proto-Germanic *spīkō (“stick, splinter, point”), from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“to be pointed; sharp point, stick”). Cognate with Icelandic spík (“spike”), Swedish spik (“spike, nail”), Dutch spijker (“nail”), Old English spīcing (“spike”), and Latin spīca (“ear of corn”), which may have influenced some senses.


wane

From Middle English wane, from Old English wana (“defect, shortage”), from Proto-West Germanic *wanō, from Proto-Germanic *wanô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to leave, abandon; empty, deserted”).
Cognates
See also wan-, want, and waste. Compare also Dutch waan (“insanity”) and German Wahn (“insanity”) deprecated defect, Old Norse vanr (“lacking”) ( > Danish prefix van-, only found in compounds), Latin vanus, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 (wans, “missing, lacking”), Albanian vonë (“late, futile, mentally retarded”), Armenian ունայն (unayn, “empty”), Old Saxon and Old High German wanon (“to decrease”), Modern Dutch weinig (“a few”), Modern German weniger (“less”), comparative of wenig (“few”) (-ig being a derivate suffix; -er the suffix of comparatives). Doublet of vain, vaunt, vaniloquent, vast, vacuum, vacant, vacate, which are Latin-derived, via the PIE root.

cog

2002, Peter Ross, Appraisal and Repair of Timber Structures, p. 11,
Sapwood, or even bark, may appear on the corners, or may have been cut off, resulting in wane, or missing timber.

(woodworking) A rounded corner caused by lack of wood, often showing bark.


impression

en-noun

impression (countable and uncountable, plural impressions)

From Old French impression, from Latin impressio.

(engraving) A print on paper from a wood block, metal plate, etc.


spik

spik (indefinite nominative singular)
spiks (genitive indefinite singular)
spiken (definite nominative singular)
spikens (definite genitive singular)
spikar (indefinite nominative plural)
spikars (genitive indefinite plural)
spikarna (definite nominative plural)
spikarnas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse spíkr, from Proto-Germanic *spīkaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“expand, extend, stretch”).

der

(glassblowing) a rod of iron used in manual production of glass objects. May have all kinds of length and diameter, and can be used in many different ways. May be hollow inside, but must never have any hole on the tip. Must not be confused with puntel and the glass-blower pipe.


pomelle

(woodworking) A specific type of woodgrain in lumber and veneers, also known as "quilted" from the French.


bunch

From Middle English bunche, bonche (“hump, swelling”), of uncertain origin.
Perhaps a variant of *bunge (compare dialectal bung (“heap, grape bunch”)), from Proto-Germanic *bunkō, *bunkô, *bungǭ (“heap, crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ-, *bʰénǵʰus (“thick, dense, fat”). Cognates include Saterland Frisian Bunke (“bone”), West Frisian bonke (“bone, lump, bump”), Dutch bonk (“lump, bone”), Low German Bunk (“bone”), German Bunge (“tuber”), Danish bunke (“heap, pile”), Faroese bunki (“heap, pile”); Hittite [Term?] (/panku/, “total, entire”), Tocharian B pkante (“volume, fatness”), Lithuanian búožė (“knob”), Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús, “thick”), Kamkata-viri břẽć, břez (“berry tree”), Prasuni vuzra (“berry tree”), Sanskrit बहु (bahú, “thick; much”)).
Alternatively, perhaps from a variant or diminutive of bump (compare hump/hunch, lump/lunch, etc.); or from dialectal Old French bonge (“bundle”) (compare French bongeau, bonjeau, bonjot), from West Flemish bondje, diminutive of West Flemish bond (“bundle”).

cog

(glassblowing, obsolete) A seventeenth-century unit of Rhenish glass, 60 of which constitute a way or web.


ponder

From Latin ponderis, pondere, etc., inflected forms of pondus (“weight”).

(glassblowing) A fourteenth-century unit of glass.


fillet

From Middle English filet, vylette, felet, filette, flette, from Old French filet, diminutive of fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”).

(woodworking) Any scantling smaller than a batten.


title

⇒ Wu: 抬頭 /抬头 (⁶de-deu)

→ Japanese: タイトル (taitoru)

→ Korean: 타이틀 (taiteul)

→ Welsh: teitl

From Middle English title, titel, from Old English titul (“title, heading, superscription”), from Latin titulus (“title, inscription”). Doublet of tilde, titer/titre, titlo, tittle, and titulus.

títol

section or division of a subject, as a law, lawbook, etc

With some City fans already leaving the stadium in tears, Edin Dzeko equalised in the second of five minutes of stoppage time before Sergio Aguero scored the goal that won the title.

2012 May 13, Phil McNulty, “Man City 3-2 QPR”, in BBC Sport:

Equally disadvantageous to Jackson was the fact that other than the Jacksonville Athletic Club and the National Sporting Club, virtually no organization was willing to sponsor a title fight between a black fighter and a white one.

1997, David Kenneth Wiggins, Glory Bound: Black Athletes in a White America:

(bookbinding) The panel for the name, between the bands of the back of a book.


相槌

ja-noun

相(あい)槌(づち) • (aizuchi) ^(←あひづち (afiduti)?)

相槌 (canonical)
aizuchi (romanization)
afiduti (romanization)
あひづち (hiragana historical)

→ English: aizuchi

From あい (ai-, “mutual, together”) + 槌(つち) (tsuchi, “hammer”). The tsuchi changes to zuchi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

鍛冶があひつちと云ふは、二人むかひてうつゆへ歟

When a blacksmith says aizuchi they mean two people working face-to-face

Kaji ga aizuchi to iu wa, futari mukai de utsu yue yo

(archaic, metalworking) (two persons) hammering an object alternately or in unison


caul

cauls (plural)
call (alternative)
cawl (alternative)

From Middle English calle, kelle, kalle, kolle (“caul, net, basket”), from Old English cāwl, cāul, cēawl, cēaul (“basket, container, net, sieve”), of uncertain origin. Reinforced by Old French cale (“close-fitting cap”), possibly a borrowing of the Old English term above, or alternatively related to Old French calotte (“headdress”), from Italian callotta, from Latin calautica (“type of female headdress which fell down over the shoulders”), itself of unknown origin. Cognate with Scots kell (“caul”).

ncog

(woodworking) A strip or block of wood used to distribute or direct clamping force.


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Dutch schenkel, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

(metalworking) A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with long bars for handling it.


dap

en-verb

dap (third-person singular simple present daps, present participle dapping, simple past and past participle dapped)

daps (present singular third-person)
dapping (participle present)
dapped (participle past)
dapped (past)

Onomatopoeic, from the sound made when a person runs while wearing daps.

(metalworking) To create a hollow indentation.


haul

From Middle English hālen, hailen, haulen, halien (“to drag, pull; to draw up”), from Old French haler (“to haul, pull”), from Frankish *halōn (“to drag, fetch, haul”) or Middle Dutch halen (“to drag, fetch, haul”), possibly merging with Old English *halian (“to haul, drag”); all from Proto-Germanic *halōną, *halēną, *hulōną (“to call, fetch, summon”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, summon”). The noun is derived from the verb.
Cognates
The word is cognate with Danish hale (“to haul”), Middle Dutch halen (“to draw, fetch, haul”), Dutch halen (“to fetch, bring, haul”), Old Frisian halia, Saterland Frisian halen (“to draw, haul, pull”), Low German halen (“to draw, pull”), Old High German halôn, holôn, German holen (“to fetch, get”), Norwegian hale (“to haul”), Old Saxon halôn (“to fetch, get”), Swedish hala (“to hale, haul, pull, tug”), and related to Old English ġeholian (“to get, obtain”).

cog

When the collected yarns number about 400, they are coiled up in a haul, and are ready either for tarring, or laying into white ropes. Previous to the haul being taken up for tarring, there is a slight turn put into it to keep it from getting entangled in the tar-kettle. […] 400 of such threads constituted a haul, and weighed 12 cwt. 2 qrs, and when tarred 15 cwt.

1842, B. S., “Rope-making”, in Macvey Napier, editor, The Encyclopædia Britannica, Or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, 7th edition, volume XIX, issue 2, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, →OCLC, page 461, column 2:

(ropemaking) A bundle of many threads to be tarred.


veneer

en-verb

veneer (third-person singular simple present veneers, present participle veneering, simple past and past participle veneered)

veneers (present singular third-person)
veneering (participle present)
veneered (participle past)
veneered (past)

From German Furnier, from furnieren (“to inlay, cover with a veneer”), from French fournir (“to furnish, accomplish”), from Middle French fornir, from Old French fornir, furnir (“to furnish”), from Old Frankish frumjan (“to provide”), from Proto-Germanic *frumjaną (“to further, promote”). Cognate with Old High German frumjan, frummen (“to accomplish, execute, provide”), Old English fremian (“to promote, perform”). More at furnish.

cog

to veneer a piece of furniture with mahogany

The stateroom walls are veneered with finely figured English chestnut with the skirting and mouldings in English walnut.

1947 January and February, “South African Royal Train”, in Railway Magazine, page 36:

(transitive, woodworking) To apply veneer to.


biscuit

en-noun

biscuit (countable and uncountable, plural biscuits)

Tok Pisin: bisket

→ Bengali: বিস্কুট (biskuṭ)

→ Burmese: ဘီစကွတ် (bhica.kwat)

→ Cebuano: biskuwít, biskwit

→ Fiji Hindi: biskut

→ Gujarati: બિસ્કિટ (biskiṭ)

→ Hausa: bìskît

desc

ביסקוויט//בִּיסְקְוִיט

→ Hebrew: ביסקוויט /בִּיסְקְוִיט (bískvit)

→ Hiligaynon: biskwit

desctree

→ Hindi: बिस्कुट (biskuṭ)
→ Jarawa: biskuʈ (“biscuit”)

→ Indonesian: beskit, biskit

→ Japanese: ビスケット (bisuketto)

→ Korean: 비스켓 (biseuket)

→ Malay: biskut

→ Marshallese: petkōj

→ Punjabi: ਬਿਸਕੁਟ (biskuṭ)

→⇒ Scottish Gaelic: briosgaid

→ Spanish: bísquet, bísquete

→ Swahili: biskuti

→ Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠍꠇꠥꠐ (bisókuṭ)

→ Tagalog: biskuwit

→ Thai: บิสกิต (bís-gìt)

→ Urdu: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)
→ Ushojo: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)

→ Yoruba: bisikíìtì

→ Zulu: bhisikidi

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-biscuit.wav

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From earlier bisket, from Middle English bisquyte, from Old French bescuit (French biscuit); doublet of biscotto.

(woodworking) A thin oval wafer of wood or other material inserted into mating slots on pieces of material to be joined to provide gluing surface and strength in shear.

lamelverbinding

woodworking: wafer to provide gluing surface


pickle

en-noun

pickle (countable and uncountable, plural pickles)

→ Dutch: pickles

→ French: pickles

→ Irish: picil

→ Korean: 피클 (pikeul)

→ Portuguese: picles

→ Spanish: pickles, picle

→ Welsh: picil

From Middle English pikel (“spicy sauce served with meat or fish”), borrowed from Middle Dutch, Middle Low German pekel (“brine”). Cognate with Scots pikkill (“salt liquor, brine”), Saterland Frisian Piekele (“pickle, brine”), Dutch pekel (“pickle, brine”), Low German pekel, peckel, pickel, bickel (“pickle, brine”), German Pökel (“pickle, brine”).

cog

(metalworking) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale, rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their colour.

киселинна вана

metalworking: bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc.


lantern

lanterns (plural)
lanthorn (alternative archaic)

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).

ncog

(metalworking) A perforated barrel to form a core upon.


reduction

en-noun

reduction (countable and uncountable, plural reductions)

From Middle English reduccion, a borrowing from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

The final stage of thickness reduction (typically 90% from about 2mm to <0.2mm) is carried out by cold rolling.

2016, Gordon L. Robertson, Food Packaging Principles and Practice, 3rd edition, page 191:

(metalworking) The ratio of a material's change in thickness compared to its thickness prior to forging and/or rolling.


prunt

Unknown. Akin to English print, Scots prent (“a print”), Dutch prent (“a print”).

(glassblowing) A small piece of glass fused to the main body of a piece of glasswork and then shaped or pressed, for decoration


opener

(metalworking) A person employed to separate sheets of hot metal that become stuck together.


glory hole

(glassblowing) A hole in the side of a furnace used to heat glass held on a metal rod.

trummeli

glassblowing: hole in the side of a furnace


knock up

en-verb

knock up (third-person singular simple present knocks up, present participle knocking up, simple past and past participle knocked up)

knocks up (present singular third-person)
knocking up (participle present)
knocked up (participle past)
knocked up (past)

to knock up printed sheets

(bookbinding) To make even at the edges, or to shape into book form.


whimsy

en-noun

whimsy (usually uncountable, plural whimsies)

Probably from whims + -y. Related to whim-wham, whim.

(glassblowing, countable) The support that protects a finished piece as it is detached from a punty.


punt

Borrowed from French pointe or Spanish punto (“point”). Doublet of point, pointe, ponto, puncto, punctum, and punto.

doublet

(glassblowing) A thin glass rod which is temporarily attached to a larger piece in order to better manipulate the larger piece.


punt

punt m (definite singular punten, indefinite plural puntar, definite plural puntane)

punten (definite singular)
puntar (indefinite plural)
puntane (definite plural)


whipping

en-noun

whipping (countable and uncountable, plural whippings)

(bookbinding) The sewing of the edges of single leaves in sections by overcasting the thread.


chevalet

(lutherie) bridge (of guitar, violin, etc.)

(rare, crafts) a structure used to keep whatever is being worked on at a certain height; a bench or table


winding

winding (countable and uncountable, plural windings)

The noun is derived from Middle English winding, windinge, wyndynge (“directional change, curve, turn; bend of the leg at the knee; meandering course of a river; act of turning and twisting; twisting of things (especially thread) together; wrapping of a cloth around something; wattling of a structure; wattle(s); ornamentation with interwoven patterns; hoisting of something”) [and other forms], and then partly:
* from winden, wynden (“to go, move; to move forcefully or suddenly; to direct, guide, lead; to go along a meandering or twisting course; to move in a circular pattern, revolve, turn; to move restlessly, toss and turn; to wriggle free; to move with a turning or twisting motion, bend, turn, twist; to form or mould (something) in one’s hands; to mix together; to cover; to clothe, dress; to wrap (a baby, a corpse, etc.); to encircle, surround; to bind; to interlace; to winch; (figurative) to conceal, disguise; to embroil, involve”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming gerund nouns, and the present participle forms of verbs).; and
* from Old English windung (“woven object”), from windan (“to twist, wind; to circle, curl, eddy, spiral”) (from Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind; to wrap”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn; to wind”)) + -ung (suffix forming nouns denoting a verbal action or something involved in a verbal action).
The adjective is derived from the verb.
The English word is analysable as wind (“to turn coils of (a cord, etc.) around something; to encircle, enfold, entwist, wrap; to travel in a way that is not straight”) + -ing (suffix forming present participial adjectives and verbs, and nouns denoting an action or the embodiment of an action).

suffix

(lutherie) Synonym of lapping (“lengths of fine silk, metal wire, or whalebone wrapped tightly around the stick of the bow of a string instrument adjacent to the leather part of the bow grip at the heel”).


warp

en-verb

warp (third-person singular simple present warps, present participle warping, simple past and past participle warped)

warps (present singular third-person)
warping (participle present)
warped (participle past)
warped (past)

→ Japanese: ワープ (wāpu)

From Middle English werpen, weorpen, worpen, from Old English weorpan (“to throw”), from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną (“to throw, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).
Cognate with Scots warp (“to throw, warp”), North Frisian werpen (“to throw”), Dutch werpen (“to throw, cast”), German werfen (“to throw, cast”), Icelandic verpa (“to throw”).

der

The usual method is to warp the yarn, either in whole or half hauls, […]

1830, William Burney, A New Universal Dictionary of the Marine:

The next part of the process previous to tarring, is that of warping the yarns, or stretching them all to one length.

1852, Thomas Antisell, Hand-book of the Useful Arts: Including Agriculture, page 541:

(ambitransitive, obsolete, ropemaking) To run (yarn) off the reel into hauls to be tarred.


scroll

From Middle English scrowle, scrolle, from earlier scrowe, scrouwe (influenced by Middle English rolle), from Old French escroe, escrowe, escrouwe (“scroll, strip of parchment”), from Frankish *skrōda (“a shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō, from *skrew- (“to cut; cutting tool”), extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Doublet of shred and escrow.

(lutherie) The carved end of a violin, viola, cello or other stringed instrument, most commonly scroll-shaped but occasionally in the form of a human or animal head.


gathering

From Middle English gadering, from Old English gaderung (“gathering, assembly”), equivalent to gather + -ing (verbal noun ending).

inh

/ˈɡæð.ə.ɹɪŋ/

This gathering machine forms the backbone of a bookbinding operation.

(bookbinding) A section, a group of bifolios, or sheets of paper, stacked together and folded in half.


mortise

From Middle English morteys, from Old French mortaise, from Arabic مُرْتَزّ (murtazz), from اِرْتَزَّ (irtazza).

If there is much gauging for the same size mortise and tenon to be done, and if a mortise gauge is not handy, a simple improvised gauge for the purpose can easily be made with two pieces of wood and four or five steel sprigs…

2016 September 6, A Little Book of Woodworking Joints - Including Dovetailing, Mortise-and-Tenon and Mitred Joints, 2nd edition (paperback), Read Books Limited, →ISBN:

A keyed mortise-and-tenon joint is constructed the same as a doweled mortise and tenon joint except that the tenon projects far enough through the mortise to admit the insertion of a tapering key which draws the mortised piece firmly against the shoulder of the tenon.

1918, Herman Frederick Rusch, Shop Work, Joinery-cabinet-making-carpentry, Chicago, Illinois, United States: University of Chicago Press, page 56:

(woodworking) A hole that is made to receive a tenon so as to form a joint.


mortise

en-verb

mortise (third-person singular simple present mortises, present participle mortising, simple past and past participle mortised)

mortises (present singular third-person)
mortising (participle present)
mortised (participle past)
mortised (past)
mortice (alternative)

(transitive, woodworking) To cut a mortise in.

Sculptures from Mohenjodaro and Tell Asmar in 2400 B.C. show wheels consisting of three pieces of wood mortised together, and bound with leather tyres which were attached with copper nails. These wheels turned in one piece with the axle, which was secured to the body of the sledge with leather thongs.

1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 79:

(transitive, woodworking) To join by a mortise and tenon.


ouïe

Deverbal of ouïr, corresponding to Latin audīta < audītus. Compare Occitan ausida, Catalan oïda, Spanish oído, Portuguese ouvido, Italian udito, Romansch udida, Friulian uldide.


workpiece

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-workpiece.wav

Make sure the workpiece is properly secured in the chuck before turning on the lathe.

It is theorized that when the surface velocity is below certain minimum values the material at the interface between workpieces WP-1 and WP-2 rolls up and extrudes from the interface in the form of long twisted cylindrical projections which are sometimes referred to as "dingle-berries."

1967, M.R. Calton, Welding of Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys, US Patent 3477117, page 6:

If the operator violates this instruction and, for example, tries to slightly move the workpiece while the robot is screwdriving it, then the execution may be interrupted […]

2019, Maurice H. ter Beek, Alessandro Fantechi, Laura Semini, From Software Engineering to Formal Methods and Tools, and Back, page 113:

(machining, woodworking) The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations.

obrobek

The material or partially finished piece on which a tool operates.


coulisse

→ Catalan: colís

→ Dutch: coulisse

→ English: coulisse

→ German: Kulisse

→ Polish: kulisa

→ Crimean Tatar: kulisa

→ Hungarian: kulissza

→ Spanish: colisa

→ Swedish: kuliss

→ Turkish: kulis

(music, lutherie, bowmaking) underslide, underslide channel


gadget

Unknown. First used in print by Robert Brown in 1886 (see quote in definition section). Might come from French gâchette or gagée, or from the French family name Gaget, an industrialist who produced promotional gadgets in collaboration with the project to build the statue of Liberty.

(glassblowing) A spring clip attached to the end of a punty in order to grasp the foot of a glass without leaving a bullion while finishing the bowl.


facing

(metalworking) A powdered substance, such as charcoal or bituminous coal, applied to the face of a mould, or mixed with the sand that forms it, to give a fine smooth surface to the casting.


Schnecke

de-noun

Schnecke f (genitive Schnecke, plural Schnecken, diminutive Schneckchen n or Schnecklein n)

Schnecke (genitive)
Schnecken (plural)
Schneckchen (diminutive neuter)
Schnecklein (diminutive neuter)
Schnecke (nominative singular)
Schnecken (definite nominative plural)
Schnecke (genitive singular)
Schnecken (definite genitive plural)
Schnecke (dative singular)
Schnecken (dative definite plural)
Schnecke (accusative singular)
Schnecken (accusative definite plural)

→ Czech: šnek

→ Kashubian: sznëka

→ Polish: sznek (Culmland) / → szneka (Greater Poland)

From Middle High German snëcke, from Old High German sneggo, snecco, from Proto-Germanic *sneggô.

(lutherie) scroll (the carved wooden spiral at the end of a stringed instrument's fingerboard)


gatherer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gatherer.wav

From Middle English gaderere, gaderare, equivalent to gather + -er.

(glassblowing) A worker who collects molten glass on the end of a rod preparatory to blowing.


saddle

→ Japanese: サドル (sadoru)

Homer Tunnel
Milford Sound
Oxford English Dictionary

From Middle English sadel, from Old English sadol, from Proto-West Germanic *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz (“saddle”). Further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sod-dʰlo-, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting instruments or tools)), though the Oxford English Dictionary says this “presents formal difficulties”.
Cognates
* Danish sadel
* Dutch zadel
* German Sattel
* Icelandic söðull
* Low German Sadel
* Russian седло́ (sedló)
* Saterland Frisian Soadel
* Scots sadil
* Swedish sadel
* West Frisian seal

saal

seat for a rider placed on the back of a horse or other animal

satula

something resembling a saddle in appearance or shape

satula

depression located along the axial trend of an anticline

Something resembling a saddle (sense 1) in appearance or shape.

The part of a guitar which supports the strings and, in an acoustic guitar, transfers their vibrations through the bridge to the soundboard.

satula

A small object (traditionally made of ebony) at the bottom of a string instrument such as a cello, viola, or violin below the tailpiece on which the tailgut (“cord securing the tailpiece to the instrument”) rests.

satula

small object at the bottom of a string instrument below the tailpiece on which the tailgut rests


saddle

en-verb

saddle (third-person singular simple present saddles, present participle saddling, simple past and past participle saddled)

saddles (present singular third-person)
saddling (participle present)
saddled (participle past)
saddled (past)
saddle (infinitive)
saddle (first-person present singular)
saddled (first-person past singular)
saddle (present second-person singular)
saddlest (archaic present second-person singular)
saddled (past second-person singular)
saddledst (archaic past second-person singular)
saddles (present singular third-person)
saddleth (archaic present singular third-person)
saddled (past singular third-person)
saddle (plural present)
saddled (past plural)
saddle (present subjunctive)
saddled (past subjunctive)
saddle (imperative present)
saddling (participle present)
saddled (participle past)

From Middle English sadelen (“to put a saddle on (an animal), to saddle”) [and other forms], from Old English sadolian, sadelian, sadilian (“to saddle”), from Proto-Germanic *sadulōną (“to saddle”), from *sadulaz (“a saddle”, noun) (see further at etymology 1) + *-ōną (suffix forming denominative verbs from nouns).
Cognates
* Middle Dutch sādelen (modern Dutch zadelen)
* Middle Low German sādelen
* Old Danish sathlæ (modern Danish sadle)
* Old High German satalōn, satulōn (Middle High German satelen, sateln, German satteln)
* Old Norse sǫðla
* Old Swedish saþla (modern Swedish sadla)

nb...

(Late Middle English) saddull, sadylle, (Middle English) saddil, saddull, saddyll, sadel, sadele, sadil, sadille, sadillen, sadle, sadlen, sadul, sadulle, sadyl, sadyll, (Early Middle English) sadeli (West Midlands), sadelie (West Midlands), sadelien

nshiuedz

(transitive) to put a saddle on (an animal)

kiinnittää

to put (something) on to another thing like a saddle on an animal

(woodworking) To cut a saddle-shaped notch in (a log or other piece of wood) so it can fit together with other such logs or pieces; also, to fit (logs or other pieces of wood) together with this method.

loveta

to cut a saddle-shaped notch in (a log or other piece of wood) so it can fit together with other such logs or pieces; to fit (logs or other pieces of wood) together with this method


ucho

ucho (nominative singular)
ucha (nominative plural)
ucha (genitive singular)
uch (genitive plural)
uchu (dative singular)
uchům (dative plural)
ucho (accusative singular)
ucha (accusative plural)
ucho (singular vocative)
ucha (plural vocative)
uchu (locative singular)
uchách (locative plural)
uchem (instrumental singular)
uchy (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech ucho, from Proto-Slavic *uxo.

(glassblowing) protrusion at the edge of a plate of glass


planer

(woodworking) A tool which smooths a surface or makes one surface of a workpiece parallel to the tool's bed.


merm

(hairdressing, informal) A permanent for a man.


barleycorn

(architecture, woodworking) A small groove between two moldings.


weft

From Middle English wefte, from Old English wefan (“to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *weban, from Proto-Germanic *webaną. Equivalent to weave + -th (abstract nominal suffix).

Teaching tools include mannequins, slip-ons, hair wefts, rectangles, and profiles.

2009, Cosmetologists: 150 Great Tech Prep Careers, 2nd edition, page 135:

Then, she held up the hair as it would look on my head. She positioned it like a pro, holding wefts of human hair so that it looked like it grew from my scalp.

2011, Ryan Rayston, The Quiet Sound of Disappearing, AuthorHouse, page 289:

In the bonding method of attaching hair extensions, hair wefts or single strands are attached with an adhesive or bonding agent. The adhesive is applied to the weft with an applicator gun.

2012, Cengage Learning, Milady Standard Cosmetology, page 556:

(hairdressing) A hair extension that is glued directly to a person′s natural hair.


garniture

Inherited from Middle French garniture, from Old French garneture, garnesture, from Old French garnir. Compare Anglo-Norman warnesture, warniture, whence Middle English warnestore, warnestoure.

(music, lutherie, bowmaking) lapping, winding


CBD

en-noun

CBD (countable and uncountable, plural CBDs or CBD's)

(hairdressing) Initialism of cut and blow-dry.


blowout

en:damage at exit side of drilled hole or sawn edge

(carpentry, woodworking) The damage done to the exit side of a drilled hole or sawn edge when no sacrificial backerboard is used during the drilling or sawing: the drill bit's or sawblade's exit on the far side causes chips of wood to be broken from the edge.


âme

Inherited from Middle French ame, amme, from Old French ame, anme, anima, from Latin anima.


ziel

nl-noun

ziel f (plural zielen, diminutive zieltje n)

zielen (plural)
zieltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: siel

Negerhollands: siel, zil

→ Sranan Tongo: sili

From Middle Dutch siele, from Old Dutch *siola, contraction of an earlier *sēola (compare Old Saxon sēola), from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō. The attested Old Dutch form sēla, with a different form of contraction, would have led to modern Dutch *zeel as in German Seele. Further cognate with Low German Seel, West Frisian siel, English soul.

Ook de ziel is losgekomen en rolt heen en weer in de klankkast.

2016, Marcel Cohen, translated by Katelijne De Vuyst, Het innerlijke toneel. Feiten, Athenaeum: