diastratic

a diastratic usage label

According to Hausmann (1977, Ch. 8), lexically relevant units can receive — typically by means of labels or usage notes — any or all of the following types of diasystematic marking: diachronic (e.g. archaic, neologism); diatopic (e.g. American English for elevator 'lift', British English for loo); diaintegrative for foreign borrowings used in English (e.g. German for Weltanschauung); diastratic (e.g. informal for loo, formal for perambulator); diaconnotative (e.g. from Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (W9), often used disparagingly for dyke); diatechnical (e.g. law for tort, anatomy for clavicle; diafrequential (e.g. rare); dianormative (e.g. substandard for ain't).

1991, “Lexicography”, in Kirsten Malmkjær, editor, The Linguistics Encyclopedia, London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 295, column 2:

The eschewing of Grantha letters despite their widespread use in modern Tamil, and the unnecessary diastratic and dianormative labelling of many common items as 'non-standard', echo traditional views that the language needs to be 'protected' against the innovations of ordinary everyday speech.

2000, Gregory James, Colporuḷ: A History of Tamil Dictionaries, Chennai: Cre-A, →ISBN, page 266:

(lexicography) Concerned with or relating to the ways in which language varies across social, cultural or educational factors.


nowotwór

nowotwór (nominative singular)
nowotwory (nominative plural)
nowotworu (genitive singular)
nowotworów (genitive plural)
nowotworowi (dative singular)
nowotworom (dative plural)
nowotwór (accusative singular)
nowotwory (accusative plural)
nowotworem (instrumental singular)
nowotworami (instrumental plural)
nowotworze (locative singular)
nowotworach (locative plural)
nowotworze (singular vocative)
nowotwory (plural vocative)

From nowy + -o- + twór. Compare Czech novotvar.

(lexicography, derogatory, dated) neologism


ορισμός

orismós (romanization)
ορισμοί (plural)
ορισμός (nominative singular)
ορισμοί (nominative plural)
ορισμού (genitive singular)
ορισμών (genitive plural)
ορισμό (accusative singular)
ορισμούς (accusative plural)
ορισμέ (singular vocative)
ορισμοί (plural vocative)

Inherited from Ancient Greek ὁρισμός (horismós).


مولد

مُوَلَّد (canonical)
muwallad (romanization)
مُوَلَّد (indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّد (definite informal masculine singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَة (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَة (ar-infl-a definite feminine informal singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدٌ (indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدُ (definite masculine nominative singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَةٌ (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَةُ (ar-infl-a definite feminine nominative singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدًا (accusative indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَ (accusative definite masculine singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَةً (accusative ar-infl-a feminine indefinite singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite feminine singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدٍ (genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدِ (definite genitive masculine singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَةٍ (ar-infl-a feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَةِ (ar-infl-a definite feminine genitive singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَيْن (dual indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَيْن (definite dual informal masculine singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine informal singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَانِ (dual indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَانِ (definite dual masculine nominative singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine nominative singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَيْنِ (accusative definite dual masculine singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual feminine singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَيْنِ (definite dual genitive masculine singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمُوَلَّدَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine genitive singular triptote)
مُوَلَّدِين (indefinite informal masculine plural sound-form)
الْمُوَلَّدِين (definite informal masculine plural sound-form)
مُوَلَّدَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْمُوَلَّدَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
مُوَلَّدُونَ (indefinite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
الْمُوَلَّدُونَ (definite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
مُوَلَّدَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْمُوَلَّدَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
مُوَلَّدِينَ (accusative indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
الْمُوَلَّدِينَ (accusative definite masculine plural sound-form)
مُوَلَّدَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْمُوَلَّدَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
مُوَلَّدِينَ (genitive indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
الْمُوَلَّدِينَ (definite genitive masculine plural sound-form)
مُوَلَّدَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْمُوَلَّدَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)

Root
 و ل د (w l d)
 0 terms
Derived from the passive participle from وَلَّدَ (wallada).

رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا / حَدِيثَهُمُ ٱلْمُوَلَّدَ وَٱلْقَدِيمَا
فَتُعْطِي مَنْ بَقَى مَالًا جَسِيمًا / وَتُعْطِي مَنْ مَضَى شَرَفًا عَظِيمَا
سَمِعْتُكَ مُنْشِدًا بَيْتَيْ زِيَادٍ / نَشِيدًا مِثْلَ مُنْشِدِهِ كَرِيمَا
فَمَا أَنْكَرْتُ مَوْضِعَهُ وَلَٰكِنْ / غَبَطْتُ بِذَاكَ أَعْظُمَهُ ٱلرَّمِيمَا

a. 965 CE, Al-Mutanabbi, رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا (raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan):

raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan / ḥadīṯahumu l-muwallada wal-qadīmā
fatuʕṭī man baqā mālan jasīman / watuʕṭī man maḍā šarafan ʕaẓīmā
samiʕtuka munšidan baytay ziyādin / našīdan miṯla munšidihi karīmā
famā ʔankartu mawḍiʕahu walākin / ḡabaṭtu biḏāka ʔaʕẓumahu r-ramīmā

(lexicography) post-classical, introduced later


λήμμα

límma (romanization)
λήμματα (plural)
λήμμα (nominative singular)
λήμματα (nominative plural)
λήμματος (genitive singular)
λημμάτων (genitive plural)
λήμμα (accusative singular)
λήμματα (accusative plural)
λήμμα (singular vocative)
λήμματα (plural vocative)

Learnedly, from Ancient Greek λῆμμᾰ (lêmmă), from *λῆβ-μα. For stem ληβ-, see verb λαμβάνω (lambánō).

Το λεξικό μου έχει πάνω από 80.000 λήμματα.

To lexikó mou échei páno apó 80.000 límmata.

(linguistics, lexicography) lemma (the chief form of a word found in dictionaries and encyclopedias)


假等義

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) false friend; faux ami


假友

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Calque of English false friend, in turn a calque of French faux-ami.


假朋友

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄆㄥˊ ˙ㄧㄡ

ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄆㄥˊ ㄧㄡˇ

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː³⁵ pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː³⁵ pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/


偽友

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


Lemmagruppe

de-noun

Lemmagruppe f (genitive Lemmagruppe, plural Lemmagruppen)

Lemmagruppe (genitive)
Lemmagruppen (plural)
Lemmagruppe (nominative singular)
Lemmagruppen (definite nominative plural)
Lemmagruppe (genitive singular)
Lemmagruppen (definite genitive plural)
Lemmagruppe (dative singular)
Lemmagruppen (dative definite plural)
Lemmagruppe (accusative singular)
Lemmagruppen (accusative definite plural)

From Lemma (“lemma”) + Gruppe (“group, set”).

(lexicography) category or grouping of lemmata, lemma group (a set of lemmata grouped together in an index because of some shared property)


Lemmaliste

Lemmaliste f (genitive Lemmaliste, plural Lemmalisten)

Lemmaliste (genitive)
Lemmalisten (plural)
Lemmaliste (nominative singular)
Lemmalisten (definite nominative plural)
Lemmaliste (genitive singular)
Lemmalisten (definite genitive plural)
Lemmaliste (dative singular)
Lemmalisten (dative definite plural)
Lemmaliste (accusative singular)
Lemmalisten (accusative definite plural)


द्वंद्व

dvaṃdvá (romanization)
द्वंद्वम् (nominative singular)
द्वंद्वे (dual nominative)
द्वंद्वानि (nominative plural)
द्वंद्व (singular vocative)
द्वंद्वे (dual vocative)
द्वंद्वानि (plural vocative)
द्वंद्वम् (accusative singular)
द्वंद्वे (accusative dual)
द्वंद्वानि (accusative plural)
द्वंद्वेन (instrumental singular)
द्वंद्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वंद्वैः (instrumental plural)
द्वंद्वाय (dative singular)
द्वंद्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वंद्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वंद्वात् (ablative singular)
द्वंद्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वंद्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वंद्वस्य (genitive singular)
द्वंद्वयोः (dual genitive)
द्वंद्वानाम् (genitive plural)
द्वंद्वे (locative singular)
द्वंद्वयोः (dual locative)
द्वंद्वेषु (locative plural)
द्वंद्वः (nominative singular)
द्वंद्वौ (dual nominative)
द्वंद्वाः (nominative plural)
द्वंद्व (singular vocative)
द्वंद्वौ (dual vocative)
द्वंद्वाः (plural vocative)
द्वंद्वम् (accusative singular)
द्वंद्वौ (accusative dual)
द्वंद्वान् (accusative plural)
द्वंद्वेन (instrumental singular)
द्वंद्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वंद्वैः (instrumental plural)
द्वंद्वाय (dative singular)
द्वंद्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वंद्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वंद्वात् (ablative singular)
द्वंद्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वंद्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वंद्वस्य (genitive singular)
द्वंद्वयोः (dual genitive)
द्वंद्वानाम् (genitive plural)
द्वंद्वे (locative singular)
द्वंद्वयोः (dual locative)
द्वंद्वेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">द्वंद्व</i>

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वेभ्यः

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वेभ्यः

द्वंद्वानाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वेभ्यः

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वेभ्यः

द्वंद्वानाम्

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of द्वंद्व

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वेभ्यः

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वेभ्यः

द्वंद्वानाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वेभ्यः

द्वंद्वाभ्याम्

द्वंद्वेभ्यः

द्वंद्वानाम्

→ English: dvandva

→ Telugu: ద్వంద్వము (dvandvamu)

/ˈd̪ʋɐn̪d̪.ʋɐ/

From earlier द्वाद्वा (dvā́dvā), a reduplication of the nominative of द्व (dva, “two”).

(grammar, lexicography, rarely neuter) dvandva (type of compound word)


non-lemma

en-noun

non-lemma (plural non-lemmas or non-lemmata)

non-lemmas (plural)
non-lemmata (plural)

According to Schmauder (1991) they had a narrow range of frequency of occurrence (our nonlemma count yields an average of 68; Francis & Kucera, 1982).

1991, Lewis P. Shapiro et al., “Verb effects during sentence processing”, in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, volume XVII, № 5, pages 986-987:

Prep. … Prenominal adjectives … Non lemmas … Basque multiword … English multiwords … English unknown … Others
11% … 21% … 7% … 5% … 17% … 16% … 21%

2000, Arantxa Diaz de Ilarraza et al., Building a Lexicon for an English–Basque Machine Translation System from heterogeneous wide coverage dictionaries, § 5.1, page 4, Table 2

If the database is to be printed out in the form of a dictionary, non-lemmas can be generated from the items contained in these fields.

2002, Christian Lehmann, “Structure of a comprehensive presentation of a language”, in Tasaku Tsunoda, editor, Basic Materials in Minority Languages, § 4.3, page 17?:

Initialize lemmatizer by providing dictionary file. If unknown, leave as non lemmata not found.

2010, “cayorodriguez” (username), “Lemmatization module in NLTK” in nltk-dev, Usenet

In step 3, non-words or non-lemmas, that are often generated by the guesser modules, are filtered out from the result.

2012, Maciej Piasecki et al., “Recognition of Polish Derivational Relations Based on Supervised Learning Scheme”, in LREC 2012, § 2.2, page 918/2:

(lexicography, rare) Any form of a lexeme that is not its lemma.

ragozott/ragosalak (szó)

any form of a lexeme that is not its lemma


lemmatically

(linguistics, lexicography) On a lemma-by-lemma basis, considering only lemmata.

lematicamente

on a lemma-by-lemma basis, considering only lemmata


minősítés

minősítések (plural)
minősítés (nominative singular)
minősítések (nominative plural)
minősítést (accusative singular)
minősítéseket (accusative plural)
minősítésnek (dative singular)
minősítéseknek (dative plural)
minősítéssel (instrumental singular)
minősítésekkel (instrumental plural)
minősítésért (causal-final singular)
minősítésekért (causal-final plural)
minősítéssé (singular translative)
minősítésekké (plural translative)
minősítésig (singular terminative)
minősítésekig (plural terminative)
minősítésként (essive-formal singular)
minősítésekként (essive-formal plural)
minősítésben (inessive singular)
minősítésekben (inessive plural)
minősítésen (singular superessive)
minősítéseken (plural superessive)
minősítésnél (adessive singular)
minősítéseknél (adessive plural)
minősítésbe (illative singular)
minősítésekbe (illative plural)
minősítésre (singular sublative)
minősítésekre (plural sublative)
minősítéshez (allative singular)
minősítésekhez (allative plural)
minősítésből (elative singular)
minősítésekből (elative plural)
minősítésről (delative singular)
minősítésekről (delative plural)
minősítéstől (ablative singular)
minősítésektől (ablative plural)
minősítésé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
minősítéseké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
minősítéséi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
minősítésekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
minősítésem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
minősítéseim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
minősítésed (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
minősítéseid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
minősítése (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
minősítései (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
minősítésünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
minősítéseink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
minősítésetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
minősítéseitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
minősítésük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
minősítéseik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

mi‧nő‧sí‧tés

(lexicography) stylistic labeling, label


anisomorfismo

(linguistics, lexicography) anisomorphism (differences between two languages)


παράθημα

head

παράθημα • (paráthima) n (plural παραθήματα)

paráthima (romanization)
παραθήματα (plural)
παράθημα (nominative singular)
παραθήματα (nominative plural)
παραθήματος (genitive singular)
παραθημάτων (genitive plural)
παράθημα (accusative singular)
παραθήματα (accusative plural)
παράθημα (singular vocative)
παραθήματα (plural vocative)

Calque of New Latin affixum or French affixe, on the basis of επίθημα (epíthima).


तत्पुरुष

tatpúruṣa (romanization)
तत्पुरुषः (nominative singular)
तत्पुरुषौ (dual nominative)
तत्पुरुषा1 (dual nominative)
तत्पुरुषाः (nominative plural)
तत्पुरुषासः1 (nominative plural)
तत्पुरुष (singular vocative)
तत्पुरुषौ (dual vocative)
तत्पुरुषा1 (dual vocative)
तत्पुरुषाः (plural vocative)
तत्पुरुषासः1 (plural vocative)
तत्पुरुषम् (accusative singular)
तत्पुरुषौ (accusative dual)
तत्पुरुषा1 (accusative dual)
तत्पुरुषान् (accusative plural)
तत्पुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
तत्पुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तत्पुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
तत्पुरुषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तत्पुरुषाय (dative singular)
तत्पुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तत्पुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
तत्पुरुषात् (ablative singular)
तत्पुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तत्पुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तत्पुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
तत्पुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
तत्पुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
तत्पुरुषे (locative singular)
तत्पुरुषयोः (dual locative)
तत्पुरुषेषु (locative plural)

→ English: tatpuruṣa

→ Telugu: తత్పురుషము (tatpuruṣamu)

Tatpuruṣa compound of तत् (tát, “that”) + पुरुष (púruṣa, “man”). A classic example of such a compound where "that" is being used to mean "that person's".

com

बहुव्रीहि बहुव्रीहि#Sanskrit

(linguistics, grammar, lexicography) a class of compounds (formed like the word तत्-पुरुष, ‘his servant’) in which the last member is qualified by the first without losing (as the last member of बहुव्रीहि (bahuvrīhi) compounds) its grammatical independence (whether as noun or adj. or p.)

बहुव्रीहि बहुव्रीहि#Sanskrit

कर्मधारय कर्मधारय#Sanskrit

द्विगु द्विगु#Sanskrit

two subdivisions of these compounds are called कर्मधारय (karmadhāraya) and द्विगु (dvigu) (qq.vv.)


αρχαιοπρεπής

head

αρχαιοπρεπής

αρχαιοπρεπές

αρχαιοπρεπής • (archaioprepís) m (feminine αρχαιοπρεπής, neuter αρχαιοπρεπές)

el-adj

αρχαιοπρεπής

αρχαιοπρεπές

archaioprepís (romanization)
αρχαιοπρεπής (feminine)
αρχαιοπρεπές (neuter)
αρχαιοπρεπής (masculine nominative singular)
αρχαιοπρεπής (feminine nominative singular)
αρχαιοπρεπές (neuter nominative singular)
αρχαιοπρεπείς (masculine nominative plural)
αρχαιοπρεπείς (feminine nominative plural)
αρχαιοπρεπή (neuter nominative plural)
αρχαιοπρεπούς (genitive masculine singular)
αρχαιοπρεπή (genitive masculine singular)
αρχαιοπρεπούς (feminine genitive singular)
αρχαιοπρεπούς (genitive neuter singular)
αρχαιοπρεπών (genitive masculine plural)
αρχαιοπρεπών (feminine genitive plural)
αρχαιοπρεπών (genitive neuter plural)
αρχαιοπρεπή (accusative masculine singular)
αρχαιοπρεπή (accusative feminine singular)
αρχαιοπρεπές (accusative neuter singular)
αρχαιοπρεπείς (accusative masculine plural)
αρχαιοπρεπείς (accusative feminine plural)
αρχαιοπρεπή (accusative neuter plural)
αρχαιοπρεπή (masculine singular vocative)
αρχαιοπρεπής (masculine singular vocative)
αρχαιοπρεπής (feminine singular vocative)
αρχαιοπρεπές (neuter singular vocative)
αρχαιοπρεπείς (masculine plural vocative)
αρχαιοπρεπείς (feminine plural vocative)
αρχαιοπρεπή (neuter plural vocative)

el-decl-adj-positive

Declension of αρχαιοπρεπής

Comparative: <i class="Grek mention" lang="el">πιο</i> + positive forms (e.g. πιο αρχαιοπρεπής, etc.)
 Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο αρχαιοπρεπής, etc.)

αρ‧χαι‧ο‧πρε‧πής


अर्धतत्सम

ardhatatsam (romanization)
अर्धतत्सम (direct singular)
अर्धतत्सम (direct plural)
अर्धतत्सम (oblique singular)
अर्धतत्समों (oblique plural)
अर्धतत्सम (singular vocative)
अर्धतत्समो (plural vocative)

[ɐɾ.d̪ʱɐ.t̪ɐt̪.sɐ̃m]

From अर्ध (ardh, “half”) + तत्सम (tatsam, “word borrowed from Sanskrit”).

af

semi-learned borrowing
semi-learned borrowing

(lexicography) a semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit


विदेशी

hi-adj

विदेशी • (videśī) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling وِدیشی)

From Sanskrit. विदेश (videś, “foreign country”) + -ई (-ī, “adjective former”).

suffix

(lexicography) a loanword from a foreign language; an adstrate borrowing in Hindi from Persian, Portuguese, or English


तत्सम

tatsam (romanization)
تتسم (Urdu)
तत्सम (direct singular)
तत्सम (direct plural)
तत्सम (oblique singular)
तत्समों (oblique plural)
तत्सम (singular vocative)
तत्समो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तत्सम (tatsama, literally “same as that”)

lbor

(lexicography) a learned borrowing from Sanskrit


तत्सम

tatsama (romanization)
तत्समः (nominative singular)
तत्समौ (dual nominative)
तत्समाः (nominative plural)
तत्सम (singular vocative)
तत्समौ (dual vocative)
तत्समाः (plural vocative)
तत्समम् (accusative singular)
तत्समौ (accusative dual)
तत्समान् (accusative plural)
तत्समेन (instrumental singular)
तत्समाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तत्समैः (instrumental plural)
तत्समाय (dative singular)
तत्समाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तत्समेभ्यः (dative plural)
तत्समात् (ablative singular)
तत्समाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तत्समेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तत्समस्य (genitive singular)
तत्समयोः (dual genitive)
तत्समानाम् (genitive plural)
तत्समे (locative singular)
तत्समयोः (dual locative)
तत्समेषु (locative plural)

Compound of तत् (tat, “that”) + सम (sama, “same”).

com+

(lexicography) A Sanskrit learned loanword used in a South Asian language.


स्त्रीलिंग

hi-noun

स्त्रीलिंग • (strīliṅg) m

strīliṅg (romanization)
स्त्रीलिंग (direct singular)
स्त्रीलिंग (direct plural)
स्त्रीलिंग (oblique singular)
स्त्रीलिंगों (oblique plural)
स्त्रीलिंग (singular vocative)
स्त्रीलिंगो (plural vocative)

[st̪ɾiː.lɪ̃ŋɡ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्त्रीलिङ्ग (strīliṅga).


karmadharaya

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मधारय (karmadhāraya).

(Sanskrit grammar, lexicography) A form of tatpuruṣa in which the relation of the first member to the last is appositional, attributive, or adverbial, e.g. uluka-yatu (owl + demon) for a demon in the shape of an owl. Most typically this involves an adjective which modifies a following substantive.


הגדרה

he-noun

הַגְדָּרָה • (hagdará) f (plural indefinite הַגְדָּרוֹת, singular construct הַגְדָּרַת־, plural construct הַגְדָּרוֹת־) [pattern: הַקְטָלָה]

הַגְדָּרָה (canonical)
hagdará (romanization)
הַגְדָּרוֹת (indefinite plural)
הַגְדָּרַת־ (construct singular)
הַגְדָּרוֹת־ (construct plural)


metalexicografia

(lexicography) metalexicography (study of lexicography in the abstract)


dvigu

(Sanskrit grammar, lexicography) A form of tatpuruṣa in which the modifying member is a number.


पुल्लिंग

hi-noun

पुल्लिंग • (pulliṅg) m

pulliṅg (romanization)
पुल्लिंग (direct singular)
पुल्लिंग (direct plural)
पुल्लिंग (oblique singular)
पुल्लिंगों (oblique plural)
पुल्लिंग (singular vocative)
पुल्लिंगो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit पुल्लिङ्ग (pulliṅga), from पुंस् (puṃs, “male”) + लिङ्ग (liṅga, “gender”).

com

(grammar, lexicography) masculine gender


hipergaleguismo

gl-noun

hipergaleguismo m (plural hipergaleguismos)

O autor de Vento mareiro foxe das formas comúns ó castelán co emprego de hipergaleguismos, que ás veces son as únicas formas das diferentes obras, […]

Francisco Fernández Rei, Consideracións sobre a lingua de Na noite estrelecida de Ramón Cabanillas in 1999, Camilo Flores Varela, Xosé Luis Couceiro Pérez, Homenaxe ó profesor Camilo Flores, volume 2, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, page 312

The author of Vento mareiro does not use the common or Castilian forms by using hypergalicianisms, which sometimes are the only forms in the various works, […]

Un dos elementos máis notábeis daquela norma primitiva era a presenza dos chamados hipergaleguismos, isto é, unha deformación artificial de vocábulos nomeadamente cultos cuxa forma coincidía co español para facerlles «soar máis galego».

2016, Xavier Frías Conde, Notas de sociolingüística e historia da lingua galega, UNED, page 21:

One of the most notable elements of that primitive norm was the presence of so-called hypergalicianisms, that is, an artificial corruption of allegedly refined words whose form coincided with Spanish in order to make them “sound more Galician”.

(lexicology) a Galician word that is formed by adapting a Spanish word incorrectly


idiomatyczny

pl-adj

idiomatyczny (comparative bardziej idiomatyczny, superlative najbardziej idiomatyczny, derived adverb idiomatycznie)

bardziej idiomatyczny (comparative)
najbardziej idiomatyczny (superlative)
idiomatyczny (masculine nominative singular)
idiomatyczna (feminine nominative singular)
idiomatyczne (neuter nominative singular)
idiomatyczni (nominative plural virile)
idiomatyczne (nominative plural)
idiomatycznego (genitive masculine singular)
idiomatycznej (feminine genitive singular)
idiomatycznego (genitive neuter singular)
idiomatycznych (genitive plural)
idiomatycznych (genitive plural virile)
idiomatycznemu (dative masculine singular)
idiomatycznej (dative feminine singular)
idiomatycznemu (dative neuter singular)
idiomatycznym (dative plural)
idiomatycznym (dative plural virile)
idiomatycznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
idiomatyczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
idiomatyczną (accusative feminine singular)
idiomatyczne (accusative neuter singular)
idiomatycznych (accusative plural virile)
idiomatyczne (accusative plural)
idiomatycznym (instrumental masculine singular)
idiomatyczną (feminine instrumental singular)
idiomatycznym (instrumental neuter singular)
idiomatycznymi (instrumental plural)
idiomatycznymi (instrumental plural virile)
idiomatycznym (locative masculine singular)
idiomatycznej (feminine locative singular)
idiomatycznym (locative neuter singular)
idiomatycznych (locative plural)
idiomatycznych (locative plural virile)

Internationalism; compare English idiomatic, French idiomatique, German idiomatisch, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἰδιωματικός (idiōmatikós) + -ny.

af

grc:ἰδιωματικός

(lexicography, relational) idiom, phraseme, phraseological unit, phraseologism, set expression, set phrase, turn of phrase


Entlehnung

de-noun

Entlehnung f (genitive Entlehnung, plural Entlehnungen)

Entlehnung (genitive)
Entlehnungen (plural)
Entlehnung (nominative singular)
Entlehnungen (definite nominative plural)
Entlehnung (genitive singular)
Entlehnungen (definite genitive plural)
Entlehnung (dative singular)
Entlehnungen (dative definite plural)
Entlehnung (accusative singular)
Entlehnungen (accusative definite plural)


ᵿ

(lexicography) A symbol used in some English-language dictionaries to denote a phoneme of standard Southern British English and of standand American English that may be realised variously as [ʊ] or [ə] without error.


ᵻ

(lexicography) A symbol used in some English-language dictionaries to denote a phoneme of some varieties of English, including standard Southern British English, that may be realised variously as [ɪ] or [ə] without error.


ngn

(lexicography) Abbreviation of nogen (“somebody, sb”).


ngn

(lexicography) Abbreviation of någon (“somebody, someone”); sb


ngt

(lexicography) Abbreviation of noget (“something, sth”).


ngt

(lexicography) Abbreviation of något (“something”); sth


ngt

(lexicography) Abbreviation of något (“somewhat”).


գլխաբառ

head

գլխաբառ • (glxabaṙ)

hy-noun

գլխաբառ • (glxabaṙ)

glxabaṙ (romanization)
գլխաբառ (nominative singular)
գլխաբառեր (nominative plural)
գլխաբառի (dative singular)
գլխաբառերի (dative plural)
գլխաբառից (ablative singular)
գլխաբառերից (ablative plural)
գլխաբառով (instrumental singular)
գլխաբառերով (instrumental plural)
գլխաբառում (locative singular)
գլխաբառերում (locative plural)
գլխաբառը (definite nominative singular)
գլխաբառն (definite nominative singular)
գլխաբառերը (definite nominative plural)
գլխաբառերն (definite nominative plural)
գլխաբառին (dative definite singular)
գլխաբառերին (dative definite plural)
գլխաբառս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
գլխաբառերս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
գլխաբառիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
գլխաբառերիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
գլխաբառիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
գլխաբառերիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
գլխաբառովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
գլխաբառերովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
գլխաբառումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
գլխաբառերումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
գլխաբառդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
գլխաբառերդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
գլխաբառիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
գլխաբառերիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
գլխաբառիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
գլխաբառերիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
գլխաբառովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
գլխաբառերովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
գլխաբառումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
գլխաբառերումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

գլխաբառը/գլխաբառն

գլխաբառերը/գլխաբառերն

գլխաբառերում

գլխաբառերիցս

գլխաբառերովս

գլխաբառերումս

գլխաբառերիցդ

գլխաբառերովդ

գլխաբառերումդ

[kʰəlχɑpʰɑ́ɾ]


emprunt savant

fr-noun

emprunt savant m (plural emprunts savants)

(linguistics, lexicography) learned borrowing


ȗ

(lexicography) A long u vowel with falling tone


ȕ

(lexicography) A short u vowel with falling tone


ȍ

(lexicography) A short o vowel with falling tone


ȏ

(lexicography) A long o vowel with falling tone


ȇ

(lexicography) A long e vowel with falling tone


ȋ

(lexicography) A long i vowel with falling tone


ȉ

(lexicography) A short i vowel with falling tone


भर

भरो (nominative singular)
भरस्स (genitive singular)

(lexicography) Devanagari script form of bhara, name of a root


ὁρισμός

grc-noun

ὁρῐσμός • (horĭsmós) m (genitive ὁρῐσμοῦ); second declension

ὁρῐσμός (canonical)
horĭsmós (romanization)
ὁρῐσμοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ὁρῐσμός (nominative singular)
τὼ ὁρῐσμώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ὁρῐσμοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὁρῐσμοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ὁρῐσμοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ὁρῐσμῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ὁρῐσμῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ὁρῐσμοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὁρῐσμοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ὁρῐσμόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ὁρῐσμώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ὁρῐσμούς (accusative plural)
ὁρῐσμέ (singular vocative)
ὁρῐσμώ (dual vocative)
ὁρῐσμοί (plural vocative)

Greek: ορισμός (orismós)


κατάχρησις

κᾰτᾰ́χρησῐς • (kătắkhrēsĭs) f (genitive κᾰτᾰχρήσεως); third declension

κᾰτᾰ́χρησῐς (canonical)
kătắkhrēsĭs (romanization)
κᾰτᾰχρήσεως (genitive)
ἡ κᾰτᾰ́χρησῐς (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰχρήσει (dual nominative)
αἱ κᾰτᾰχρήσεις (nominative plural)
τῆς κᾰτᾰχρήσεως (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰχρησέοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰτᾰχρήσεων (genitive plural)
τῇ κᾰτᾰχρήσει (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰτᾰχρησέοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κᾰτᾰχρήσεσῐ (dative plural)
κᾰτᾰχρήσεσῐν (dative plural)
taîs kătăkhrḗsesĭ (dative plural)
taîs kătăkhrḗsesĭn (dative plural)
τὴν κᾰτᾰ́χρησῐν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰτᾰχρήσει (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κᾰτᾰχρήσεις (accusative plural)
κᾰτᾰ́χρησῐ (singular vocative)
κᾰτᾰχρήσει (dual vocative)
κᾰτᾰχρήσεις (plural vocative)

Greek: κατάχρηση (katáchrisi)

desctree

→ Latin: catachrēsis f
→ English: catachresis
→ French: catachrèse f

From καταχράομαι (katakhráomai) + -σῐς (-sĭs).


glda.

(lexicography) Abbreviation of gammeldansk.


orismologist

(rare, lexicography) One who can explain technical terms; a person who engages in orismology.


παρετυμολογία

head

παρετυμολογίες

παρετυμολογία • (paretymología) f (plural παρετυμολογίες)

el-noun

παρετυμολογίες

paretymología (romanization)
παρετυμολογίες (plural)
παρετυμολογία (nominative singular)
παρετυμολογίες (nominative plural)
παρετυμολογίας (genitive singular)
παρετυμολογιών (genitive plural)
παρετυμολογία (accusative singular)
παρετυμολογίες (accusative plural)
παρετυμολογία (singular vocative)
παρετυμολογίες (plural vocative)

el-decl-noun

παρετυμολογία

παρετυμολογίες

παρετυμολογίας

παρετυμολογιών

παρετυμολογία

παρετυμολογίες

παρετυμολογία

παρετυμολογίες

πα‧ρε‧τυ‧μο‧λο‧γί‧α

From παρ- (par-) + ετυμολογία (etymología), calque of German Volksetymologie. First attested 1874.

(linguistics, lexicography) folk etymology (false etymology that incorrectly explains the origin of a word)


तद्भव

tadbhav (romanization)
तद्भव (direct singular)
तद्भव (direct plural)
तद्भव (oblique singular)
तद्भवों (oblique plural)
तद्भव (singular vocative)
तद्भवो (plural vocative)

/t̪əd̪.bʱəʋ/

[t̪ɐd̪.bʱɐʋ]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तद्भव (tadbhava, literally “arising from that”), a compound of तद् (this, that) + उद्भव (origin, development).

af

(lexicography) a native word, having been inherited from Middle Indo-Aryan


कर्मधारय

karmadhāraya (romanization)
कर्मधारयः (nominative singular)
कर्मधारयौ (dual nominative)
कर्मधारया1 (dual nominative)
कर्मधारयाः (nominative plural)
कर्मधारयासः1 (nominative plural)
कर्मधारय (singular vocative)
कर्मधारयौ (dual vocative)
कर्मधारया1 (dual vocative)
कर्मधारयाः (plural vocative)
कर्मधारयासः1 (plural vocative)
कर्मधारयम् (accusative singular)
कर्मधारयौ (accusative dual)
कर्मधारया1 (accusative dual)
कर्मधारयान् (accusative plural)
कर्मधारयेण (instrumental singular)
कर्मधारयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्मधारयैः (instrumental plural)
कर्मधारयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कर्मधारयाय (dative singular)
कर्मधारयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्मधारयेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्मधारयात् (ablative singular)
कर्मधारयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्मधारयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्मधारयस्य (genitive singular)
कर्मधारययोः (dual genitive)
कर्मधारयाणाम् (genitive plural)
कर्मधारये (locative singular)
कर्मधारययोः (dual locative)
कर्मधारयेषु (locative plural)

→ Danish: karmadharaya

→ English: karmadharaya

→ German: karmadharaya

→ Telugu: కర్మధారయము (karmadhārayamu)

/kɐɾ.mɐˈd̪ʱɑː.ɾɐ.jɐ/

From कर्मन् (karman, “work; duty; act; first member of a compound”) + धारय (dhāraya, “bearing”).

(grammar, lexicography) a karmadharaya, a tatpuruṣa compound in which the first member modifies the second; if split the two components would be in the same case


आम्रेडित

āmreḍita (romanization)
आम्रेडितम् (nominative singular)
आम्रेडिते (dual nominative)
आम्रेडितानि (nominative plural)
आम्रेडिता1 (nominative plural)
आम्रेडित (singular vocative)
आम्रेडिते (dual vocative)
आम्रेडितानि (plural vocative)
आम्रेडिता1 (plural vocative)
आम्रेडितम् (accusative singular)
आम्रेडिते (accusative dual)
आम्रेडितानि (accusative plural)
आम्रेडिता1 (accusative plural)
आम्रेडितेन (instrumental singular)
आम्रेडिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आम्रेडितैः (instrumental plural)
आम्रेडितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आम्रेडिताय (dative singular)
आम्रेडिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
आम्रेडितेभ्यः (dative plural)
आम्रेडितात् (ablative singular)
आम्रेडिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आम्रेडितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आम्रेडितस्य (genitive singular)
आम्रेडितयोः (dual genitive)
आम्रेडितानाम् (genitive plural)
आम्रेडिते (locative singular)
आम्रेडितयोः (dual locative)
आम्रेडितेषु (locative plural)

/ɑːmˈɾeː.ɖi.t̪ɐ/

Past participle of आम्रेडयति (āmreḍayati, “to repeat”). From आ- (ā-, “to, towards”) + म्रेड् (mreḍ, “to turn”).

(grammar, lexicography) a reduplication; specifically a compound made of the same component repeated, with the first component accented


γαλλισμός

head

γαλλισμός • (gallismós) m (plural γαλλισμοί)

gallismós (romanization)
γαλλισμοί (plural)
γαλλισμός (nominative singular)
γαλλισμοί (nominative plural)
γαλλισμού (genitive singular)
γαλλισμών (genitive plural)
γαλλισμό (accusative singular)
γαλλισμούς (accusative plural)
γαλλισμέ (singular vocative)
γαλλισμοί (plural vocative)


द्विगु

dvigu (romanization)
द्विगुः (nominative singular)
द्विगू (dual nominative)
द्विगवः (nominative plural)
द्विगो (singular vocative)
द्विगू (dual vocative)
द्विगवः (plural vocative)
द्विगुम् (accusative singular)
द्विगू (accusative dual)
द्विगून् (accusative plural)
द्विगुना (instrumental singular)
द्विग्वा1 (instrumental singular)
द्विगुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्विगुभिः (instrumental plural)
द्विगवे (dative singular)
द्विग्वे1 (dative singular)
द्विगुभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्विगुभ्यः (dative plural)
द्विगोः (ablative singular)
द्विग्वः1 (ablative singular)
द्विगुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्विगुभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्विगोः (genitive singular)
द्विग्वः1 (genitive singular)
द्विग्वोः (dual genitive)
द्विगूनाम् (genitive plural)
द्विगौ (locative singular)
द्विग्वोः (dual locative)
द्विगुषु (locative plural)

द्वि (dvi, “two”) + गु (gu, “cow”), an example of itself.

(lexicography) a kind of tatpuruṣa compound of which the first component is a numeral


tatsama

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तत्सम (tatsama).
Tatsama was originally employed to refer to those inherited Prakrit words that were identical in form with Sanskrit; later it came to refer to learned loans introduced into the post-Prakritic speech as well. Traditionally, the term was used for both inherited words that were unmodified in form, and learned words. However from a strict linguistic point of view, the term refers only to learned borrowings from Sanskrit.

lbor

However, beyond lexis, the Macmillan range includes other adaptations, such as IPA encoding which reflects Indian English pronunciation, and etymologies that distinguish between "tatsama" and "tadbhava" terms, based on McGregor (1992).

2012, James Lambert, “Beyond Hobson-Jobson: A new lexicography for Indian English”, in World Englishes, page 298:

(lexicography) A Sanskrit learned loanword used in a South Asian language.

তৎসম

a word borrowed from Sanskrit in a South Asian language


επίθημα

head

επίθημα • (epíthima) n (plural επιθήματα)

epíthima (romanization)
επιθήματα (plural)
επίθημα (nominative singular)
επιθήματα (nominative plural)
επιθήματος (genitive singular)
επιθημάτων (genitive plural)
επίθημα (accusative singular)
επιθήματα (accusative plural)
επίθημα (singular vocative)
επιθήματα (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἐπίθημα (epíthēma); semantic loan from Latin suffixum or French suffixe.


πρόθημα

πρόθημα • (próthima) n (plural προθήματα)

próthima (romanization)
προθήματα (plural)
πρόθημα (nominative singular)
προθήματα (nominative plural)
προθήματος (genitive singular)
προθημάτων (genitive plural)
πρόθημα (accusative singular)
προθήματα (accusative plural)
πρόθημα (singular vocative)
προθήματα (plural vocative)

Calque of New Latin praefixum or French préfixe, on the basis of επίθημα (epíthima).


σημασιολογικό δάνειο

σημασιολογικά δάνεια

σημασιολογικό δάνειο • (simasiologikó dáneio) n (plural σημασιολογικά δάνεια)

el-noun

σημασιολογικά δάνεια

simasiologikó dáneio (romanization)
σημασιολογικά δάνεια (plural)

Semantic loan from German Lehnübersetzung and French emprunt. Also see μεταφραστικό δάνειο (metaphrastikó dáneio, “translation loan”).

sl

(linguistics, lexicography) semantic loan

en-σημασιολογικό_δάνειο-el-noun-0mfPW8Tx


Bedeutungsentlehnung

de-noun

Bedeutungsentlehnung f (genitive Bedeutungsentlehnung, plural Bedeutungsentlehnungen)

Bedeutungsentlehnung (genitive)
Bedeutungsentlehnungen (plural)
Bedeutungsentlehnung (nominative singular)
Bedeutungsentlehnungen (definite nominative plural)
Bedeutungsentlehnung (genitive singular)
Bedeutungsentlehnungen (definite genitive plural)
Bedeutungsentlehnung (dative singular)
Bedeutungsentlehnungen (dative definite plural)
Bedeutungsentlehnung (accusative singular)
Bedeutungsentlehnungen (accusative definite plural)

/bəˈdɔʏ̯tʊŋsʔɛntˌleːnʊŋ/

(linguistics, lexicography) semantic loaning (the result, a semantic loan, is Lehnbedeutung)


μεταφραστικό δάνειο

head

μεταφραστικά δάνεια

μεταφραστικό δάνειο • (metafrastikó dáneio) n (plural μεταφραστικά δάνεια)

el-noun

μεταφραστικά δάνεια

metafrastikó dáneio (romanization)
μεταφραστικά δάνεια (plural)

Free translation of French calque (phraséologique), or a calque of German Lehnübersetzung or English loan translation. See σημασιολογικό δάνειο (simasiologikó dáneio, “semantic loan”).

(linguistics, lexicography) calque, loan translation

εκτύπωμα n Also seen as έκτυπο n. See French calquer.


euphemism treadmill

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-euphemism treadmill.wav

Coined by Steven Pinker in 1994, but preceded by Sharon Henderson Taylor's 1974 "euphemism cycle."

Coordinate term: pejoration

The euphemism treadmill shows that concepts, not words, are in charge: give a concept a new name, and the name becomes colored by the concept; the concept does not become freshened by the name. (We will know we have achieved equality and mutual respect when names for minorities stay put.)

1994 April 5, Steven Pinker, “The Game of the Name”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page A21:

Linguists are familiar with the phenomenon, which may be called the euphemism treadmill. People invent new words for emotionally charged referents, but soon the euphemism becomes tainted by association, and a new word must be found, which soon acquires its own connotations, and so on.

Euphemism, if successful, exemplifies case m: the new term has a new tone, but preserves sense and reference. The sort of backfire characteristic of the 'euphemism treadmill' is a shift to case i: the tone reverts to that of the old term.

2011, Gary Hardcastle, George Reisch, Bullshit and Philosophy: Guaranteed to Get Perfect Results Every Time:

Next in line was the Euphemism Treadmill, / gaining its power from the perpetually offended; / and once we take enough steps, it starts to run by itself, / its gears turned and greased by political correctness.

2014, Trevor Patrick, Sooner Or Later, They'll Turn on You!:

Whereas there is a certain degree of clarity as to why the euphemism treadmill comes to exist (since people keep inventing new, often more vague names for uncomfortable things), it is not so clear why there is a constant and steady influx of new iconic coinages in the language.

2017, Angelika Zirker, Matthias Bauer, Olga Fischer, Dimensions of Iconicity, page 33:

(lexicography) The process by which euphemisms fall into disuse and are replaced by new ones, as the old ones become socially unacceptable over time.


назоўнік

be-noun

назо́ўнік • (nazóŭnik) m inan (genitive назо́ўніка, nominative plural назо́ўнікі, genitive plural назо́ўнікаў)

назо́ўнік (canonical)
nazóŭnik (romanization)
назо́ўніка (genitive)
назо́ўнікі (nominative plural)
назо́ўнікаў (genitive plural)
назо́ўнік (nominative singular)
назо́ўнікі (nominative plural)
назо́ўніка (genitive singular)
назо́ўнікаў (genitive plural)
назо́ўніку (dative singular)
назо́ўнікам (dative plural)
назо́ўнік (accusative singular)
назо́ўнікі (accusative plural)
назо́ўнікам (instrumental singular)
назо́ўнікамі (instrumental plural)
назо́ўніку (locative singular)
назо́ўніках (locative plural)
назо́ўнікі (count-form plural)

Be-назоўнік.ogg

(grammar, lexicography) noun, substantive


прыметнік

прыме́тнік<>

прыме́тнік • (prymjétnik) m inan (genitive прыме́тніка, nominative plural прыме́тнікі, genitive plural прыме́тнікаў)

прыме́тнік (canonical)
prymjétnik (romanization)
прыме́тніка (genitive)
прыме́тнікі (nominative plural)
прыме́тнікаў (genitive plural)
прыме́тнік (nominative singular)
прыме́тнікі (nominative plural)
прыме́тніка (genitive singular)
прыме́тнікаў (genitive plural)
прыме́тніку (dative singular)
прыме́тнікам (dative plural)
прыме́тнік (accusative singular)
прыме́тнікі (accusative plural)
прыме́тнікам (instrumental singular)
прыме́тнікамі (instrumental plural)
прыме́тніку (locative singular)
прыме́тніках (locative plural)
прыме́тнікі (count-form plural)

be-ndecl

прыме́тнік<>

Be-прыметнік.ogg

Cognate with Ukrainian прикме́тник (prykmétnyk), Polish przymiotnik.


Lehnbedeutung

de-noun

Lehnbedeutung f (genitive Lehnbedeutung, plural Lehnbedeutungen)

Lehnbedeutung (genitive)
Lehnbedeutungen (plural)
Lehnbedeutung (nominative singular)
Lehnbedeutungen (definite nominative plural)
Lehnbedeutung (genitive singular)
Lehnbedeutungen (definite genitive plural)
Lehnbedeutung (dative singular)
Lehnbedeutungen (dative definite plural)
Lehnbedeutung (accusative singular)
Lehnbedeutungen (accusative definite plural)

→ Dutch: leenbetekenis (calque)

→ English: loan meaning (calque)

lehnen (“loan”) + Bedeutung (“meaning”).


faux anglicisme

fr-noun

faux anglicisme m (plural faux anglicismes)


дзеепрыметнік

be-noun

дзеепрыме́тнік<>

дзеепрыме́тнік • (dzjejeprymjétnik) m inan (genitive дзеепрыме́тніка, nominative plural дзеепрыме́тнікі, genitive plural дзеепрыме́тнікаў)

дзеепрыме́тнік (canonical)
dzjejeprymjétnik (romanization)
дзеепрыме́тніка (genitive)
дзеепрыме́тнікі (nominative plural)
дзеепрыме́тнікаў (genitive plural)
дзеепрыме́тнік (nominative singular)
дзеепрыме́тнікі (nominative plural)
дзеепрыме́тніка (genitive singular)
дзеепрыме́тнікаў (genitive plural)
дзеепрыме́тніку (dative singular)
дзеепрыме́тнікам (dative plural)
дзеепрыме́тнік (accusative singular)
дзеепрыме́тнікі (accusative plural)
дзеепрыме́тнікам (instrumental singular)
дзеепрыме́тнікамі (instrumental plural)
дзеепрыме́тніку (locative singular)
дзеепрыме́тніках (locative plural)
дзеепрыме́тнікі (count-form plural)

be-ndecl

дзеепрыме́тнік<>

Be-дзеепрыметнік.ogg

From дзе́яць (dzjéjacʹ) + -е- (-je-) + прыме́тнік (prymjétnik). Cognate with Ukrainian дієприкме́тник (dijeprykmétnyk).

cog

дієприкме́тник


neol.

(lexicography) Abbreviation of neologism.


tadbhava

Borrowed from Sanskrit तद्भव (tadbhava).

(lexicography) A word inherited from Old Indo-Aryan through a Prakrit used in a modern Indo-Aryan language.


semi-tatsama

It will be interesting to note how persistent is the Prakritic or MIA. system of phonetics in NIA., in giving a tadbhava look to recently introduced tatsama words, in pronunciation, and turning them into semi-tatsamas going very close to tadbhavas, actually existing or possible,—although the spelling would scorn to note it:[…]

1926, Suniti Kumar Chatterji, The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language, page 200:

Initial v can also go back to Pkt. v, arisen either from Skr. vr in vaṇ (vraṇa-) and the semi-tatsama vaḍvat (vrata-)...

1970, J. Bloch, Formation of the Marathi Language, page 160:

In New Indo-Aryan currency the tadbhava and semitatsama forms of yakṣa and yakṣiṉī have come to mean demon and demoness, goblin or malevolent spirits of some kind.

1972, Jacob Ensink, Peter Gaeffke, editors, India Maior: Congratulatory Volume Presented to J. Gonda, page 194:

The tripartite scheme of tadhbava, semi-tatsama, and tatsama accounts for the majority of the words encountered in the texts included in this book; but loans from Persian and from Arabic (through Persian) are also commonplace, especially in texts which are not self-consciously based on Sanskrit models.

2001, Rupert Snell, The Hindi Classical Tradition: A Braj Bhāṣā Reader, page 4:

(lexicography, Indo-Aryan linguistics) A semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit.

অর্ধতৎসম

a word borrowed from Sanskrit earlier in an Indo-Aryan language's history and having since underwent change


mot lexical

(lexicography) content word, lexical word


mot grammatical

fr-noun

mot grammatical m (plural mots grammaticaux)

(lexicography) function word, grammatical word


æda.

(lexicography) Abbreviation of ældste dansk. Language of the first Danish manuscripts (circa 1275-1350), designated either Old Danish or Early Middle Danish


run.

(lexicography) Abbreviation of runedansk.


ပရိယာယ်

Borrowed from Pali pariyāya, cognate with Sanskrit पर्याय (paryāya).


oldn.

(lexicography) Abbreviation of oldnordisk.


مؤ

مُؤَنَّث مؤنث#Arabic

(lexicography) Abbreviation of مُؤَنَّث (muʔannaṯ).


جج

القَوۡمُ ٱلْجَمَاعَةُ مِن الرَّجَالِ وَٱلنِّسَاءِ مَعًا أُو ٱلرَّجَالُ خَاصّةً أُو تَدۡخُلُه النِّسَاءُ عَلَى تَبَعِيَّةٍ وَيُؤَنَّثُ ج أَقْوَامٌ جج أَقَاوِمُ وَأَقَاوِيمُ وَأَقَائِمُ

1410 CE, Fairuzabadi, القاموس المحيط, volume 4, Dār Al-Jīl, pages 169–170:

al-qawmu l-jamāʕatu min ar-rajāli wa-n-nisāʔi maʕan ʔū r-rajālu ḵāṣṣatan ʔū tadḵuluh an-nisāʔu ʕalā tabaʕiyyatin wa-yuʔannaṯu j. ʔaqwāmun j.j. ʔaqāwimu wa-ʔaqāwīmu wa-ʔaqāʔimu

جَمْع الْجَمْع
جمع الجمع#Arabic

(lexicography, grammar) Abbreviation of جَمْع الْجَمْع (jamʕ al-jamʕ).


sanalippu

sanalippu (nominative singular)
sanaliput (nominative plural)
sanalippu (accusative nominative singular)
sanaliput (accusative nominative plural)
sanalipun (accusative genitive singular)
sanaliput (accusative genitive plural)
sanalipun (genitive singular)
sanalippujen (genitive plural)
sanalippua (partitive singular)
sanalippuja (partitive plural)
sanalipussa (inessive singular)
sanalipuissa (inessive plural)
sanalipusta (elative singular)
sanalipuista (elative plural)
sanalippuun (illative singular)
sanalippuihin (illative plural)
sanalipulla (adessive singular)
sanalipuilla (adessive plural)
sanalipulta (ablative singular)
sanalipuilta (ablative plural)
sanalipulle (allative singular)
sanalipuille (allative plural)
sanalippuna (essive singular)
sanalippuina (essive plural)
sanalipuksi (singular translative)
sanalipuiksi (plural translative)
sanaliputta (abessive singular)
sanalipuitta (abessive plural)
sanalipuin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
sanalippuni (nominative singular)
sanalippuni (nominative plural)
sanalippuni (accusative nominative singular)
sanalippuni (accusative nominative plural)
sanalippuni (accusative genitive singular)
sanalippuni (accusative genitive plural)
sanalippuni (genitive singular)
sanalippujeni (genitive plural)
sanalippuani (partitive singular)
sanalippujani (partitive plural)
sanalipussani (inessive singular)
sanalipuissani (inessive plural)
sanalipustani (elative singular)
sanalipuistani (elative plural)
sanalippuuni (illative singular)
sanalippuihini (illative plural)
sanalipullani (adessive singular)
sanalipuillani (adessive plural)
sanalipultani (ablative singular)
sanalipuiltani (ablative plural)
sanalipulleni (allative singular)
sanalipuilleni (allative plural)
sanalippunani (essive singular)
sanalippuinani (essive plural)
sanalipukseni (singular translative)
sanalipuikseni (plural translative)
sanaliputtani (abessive singular)
sanalipuittani (abessive plural)
sanalippuineni (comitative plural)
sanalippusi (nominative singular)
sanalippusi (nominative plural)
sanalippusi (accusative nominative singular)
sanalippusi (accusative nominative plural)
sanalippusi (accusative genitive singular)
sanalippusi (accusative genitive plural)
sanalippusi (genitive singular)
sanalippujesi (genitive plural)
sanalippuasi (partitive singular)
sanalippujasi (partitive plural)
sanalipussasi (inessive singular)
sanalipuissasi (inessive plural)
sanalipustasi (elative singular)
sanalipuistasi (elative plural)
sanalippuusi (illative singular)
sanalippuihisi (illative plural)
sanalipullasi (adessive singular)
sanalipuillasi (adessive plural)
sanalipultasi (ablative singular)
sanalipuiltasi (ablative plural)
sanalipullesi (allative singular)
sanalipuillesi (allative plural)
sanalippunasi (essive singular)
sanalippuinasi (essive plural)
sanalipuksesi (singular translative)
sanalipuiksesi (plural translative)
sanaliputtasi (abessive singular)
sanalipuittasi (abessive plural)
sanalippuinesi (comitative plural)
sanalippumme (nominative singular)
sanalippumme (nominative plural)
sanalippumme (accusative nominative singular)
sanalippumme (accusative nominative plural)
sanalippumme (accusative genitive singular)
sanalippumme (accusative genitive plural)
sanalippumme (genitive singular)
sanalippujemme (genitive plural)
sanalippuamme (partitive singular)
sanalippujamme (partitive plural)
sanalipussamme (inessive singular)
sanalipuissamme (inessive plural)
sanalipustamme (elative singular)
sanalipuistamme (elative plural)
sanalippuumme (illative singular)
sanalippuihimme (illative plural)
sanalipullamme (adessive singular)
sanalipuillamme (adessive plural)
sanalipultamme (ablative singular)
sanalipuiltamme (ablative plural)
sanalipullemme (allative singular)
sanalipuillemme (allative plural)
sanalippunamme (essive singular)
sanalippuinamme (essive plural)
sanalipuksemme (singular translative)
sanalipuiksemme (plural translative)
sanaliputtamme (abessive singular)
sanalipuittamme (abessive plural)
sanalippuinemme (comitative plural)
sanalippunne (nominative singular)
sanalippunne (nominative plural)
sanalippunne (accusative nominative singular)
sanalippunne (accusative nominative plural)
sanalippunne (accusative genitive singular)
sanalippunne (accusative genitive plural)
sanalippunne (genitive singular)
sanalippujenne (genitive plural)
sanalippuanne (partitive singular)
sanalippujanne (partitive plural)
sanalipussanne (inessive singular)
sanalipuissanne (inessive plural)
sanalipustanne (elative singular)
sanalipuistanne (elative plural)
sanalippuunne (illative singular)
sanalippuihinne (illative plural)
sanalipullanne (adessive singular)
sanalipuillanne (adessive plural)
sanalipultanne (ablative singular)
sanalipuiltanne (ablative plural)
sanalipullenne (allative singular)
sanalipuillenne (allative plural)
sanalippunanne (essive singular)
sanalippuinanne (essive plural)
sanalipuksenne (singular translative)
sanalipuiksenne (plural translative)
sanaliputtanne (abessive singular)
sanalipuittanne (abessive plural)
sanalippuinenne (comitative plural)
sanalippunsa (nominative singular)
sanalippunsa (nominative plural)
sanalippunsa (accusative nominative singular)
sanalippunsa (accusative nominative plural)
sanalippunsa (accusative genitive singular)
sanalippunsa (accusative genitive plural)
sanalippunsa (genitive singular)
sanalippujensa (genitive plural)
sanalippuaan (partitive singular)
sanalippuansa (partitive singular)
sanalippujaan (partitive plural)
sanalippujansa (partitive plural)
sanalipussaan (inessive singular)
sanalipussansa (inessive singular)
sanalipuissaan (inessive plural)
sanalipuissansa (inessive plural)
sanalipustaan (elative singular)
sanalipustansa (elative singular)
sanalipuistaan (elative plural)
sanalipuistansa (elative plural)
sanalippuunsa (illative singular)
sanalippuihinsa (illative plural)
sanalipullaan (adessive singular)
sanalipullansa (adessive singular)
sanalipuillaan (adessive plural)
sanalipuillansa (adessive plural)
sanalipultaan (ablative singular)
sanalipultansa (ablative singular)
sanalipuiltaan (ablative plural)
sanalipuiltansa (ablative plural)
sanalipulleen (allative singular)
sanalipullensa (allative singular)
sanalipuilleen (allative plural)
sanalipuillensa (allative plural)
sanalippunaan (essive singular)
sanalippunansa (essive singular)
sanalippuinaan (essive plural)
sanalippuinansa (essive plural)
sanalipukseen (singular translative)
sanalipuksensa (singular translative)
sanalipuikseen (plural translative)
sanalipuiksensa (plural translative)
sanaliputtaan (abessive singular)
sanaliputtansa (abessive singular)
sanalipuittaan (abessive plural)
sanalipuittansa (abessive plural)
sanalippuineen (comitative plural)
sanalippuinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈs̠ɑ̝nɑ̝ˌlipːu]

(lexicology) A sheet containing standardized set of information about a word obtained through field work; the collection of these sheets may be used as database e.g. when compiling a dictionary of dialects.


word family

Furthermore, the current study goes beyond previous wordlist development by contributing accompanying pedagogical lists containing word associations (i.e. collocations) and word families.

2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes, volume 35, →DOI, page 106:

(linguistics, lexicography, language teaching) A set of etymologically related words consisting of a single word with its inflections and derivations, such as walk, walked, walks, walking, walkings, walker, walkers, walkies, walkable, walkathon.


造語

造語 (canonical)
zōgo (romanization)
zaugo (romanization)
ざうご (hiragana historical)

Compound of 造(ぞう) (zō, “to create”) + 語(ご) (-go, “words”).


造語

造語する (canonical)
zōgo suru (romanization)
zaugo (romanization)
造語し (stem)
造語した (past)
造語し
ぞうごし
zōgo shi
造語する
ぞうごする
zōgo suru
造語すれ
ぞうごすれ
zōgo sure
造語せよ (imperative literary)
造語しろ (colloquial imperative)
ぞうごせよ (imperative literary)
ぞうごしろ (colloquial imperative)
zōgo seyo (imperative literary)
zōgo shiro (colloquial imperative)
造語される (passive)
ぞうごされる (passive)
zōgo sareru (passive)
造語させる (causative)
造語さす (causative)
ぞうごさせる (causative)
ぞうごさす (causative)
zōgo saseru (causative)
zōgo sasu (causative)
造語できる (potential)
ぞうごできる (potential)
zōgo dekiru (potential)
造語しよう (volitional)
ぞうごしよう (volitional)
zōgo shiyō (volitional)
造語しない (negative)
ぞうごしない (negative)
zōgo shinai (negative)
造語せず (continuative negative)
ぞうごせず (continuative negative)
zōgo sezu (continuative negative)
造語します (formal)
ぞうごします (formal)
zōgo shimasu (formal)
造語した (perfective)
ぞうごした (perfective)
zōgo shita (perfective)
造語して (conjunctive)
ぞうごして (conjunctive)
zōgo shite (conjunctive)
造語すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ぞうごすれば (conditional hypothetical)
zōgo sureba (conditional hypothetical)


Ԫ

(lexicography) A phonetic symbol for the sound [d͜ʒ]


Ԫ

(lexicography) A phonetic symbol for the sound [d͜ʑ]


難檢字

наньцзяньцзы

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

(lexicography) character difficult to look up by a particular method


historical dictionary

en-noun

historical dictionary (plural historical dictionaries)

dictionary on historical principles
dictionary on historical principles

(lexicography) A dictionary on historical principles.


dictionary on historical principles

dictionary on historical principles (plural dictionaries on historical principles)

dictionaries on historical principles (plural)

As such, dictionaries on historical principles not only treat pronunciation, grammatical category, etymology (word derivation and history), orthographical form, and semantic content (in the form of definitions), but do so from a historical perspective, displaying the changes (and stabilities) of these various features of the lexis over time, from the earliest days of the language to present.

2017, James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, in World Englishes, page 2:

(lexicography) A type of scholarly dictionary that displays the history of lexical items through citations.


Nennform

de-noun

Nennform f (genitive Nennform, plural Nennformen)

Nennform (genitive)
Nennformen (plural)
Nennform (nominative singular)
Nennformen (definite nominative plural)
Nennform (genitive singular)
Nennformen (definite genitive plural)
Nennform (dative singular)
Nennformen (dative definite plural)
Nennform (accusative singular)
Nennformen (accusative definite plural)


కర్మధారయము

te-noun

కర్మధారయము • (karmadhārayamu) ? (plural కర్మధారయములు)

karmadhārayamu (romanization)
కర్మధారయములు (plural)

From Sanskrit कर्मधारय (karmadhāraya) + -ము (-mu).

(grammar, lexicography) karmadharaya - the name of a certain compound or samasa.


ένθημα

énthima (romanization)
ενθήματα (plural)
ένθημα (nominative singular)
ενθήματα (nominative plural)
ενθήματος (genitive singular)
ενθημάτων (genitive plural)
ένθημα (accusative singular)
ενθήματα (accusative plural)
ένθημα (singular vocative)
ενθήματα (plural vocative)


πρόσφυμα

head

πρόσφυμα • (prósfyma) n (plural προσφύματα)

prósfyma (romanization)
προσφύματα (plural)
πρόσφυμα (nominative singular)
προσφύματα (nominative plural)
προσφύματος (genitive singular)
προσφυμάτων (genitive plural)
πρόσφυμα (accusative singular)
προσφύματα (accusative plural)
πρόσφυμα (singular vocative)
προσφύματα (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Koine Greek πρόσφυμα (prósphuma) with semantic loan from New Latin affixum.


ανετυμολόγητος

head

ανετυμολόγητη

ανετυμολόγητο

ανετυμολόγητος • (anetymológitos) m (feminine ανετυμολόγητη, neuter ανετυμολόγητο)

el-adj

ανετυμολόγητη

ανετυμολόγητο

anetymológitos (romanization)
ανετυμολόγητη (feminine)
ανετυμολόγητο (neuter)
ανετυμολόγητος (masculine nominative singular)
ανετυμολόγητη (feminine nominative singular)
ανετυμολόγητο (neuter nominative singular)
ανετυμολόγητοι (masculine nominative plural)
ανετυμολόγητες (feminine nominative plural)
ανετυμολόγητα (neuter nominative plural)
ανετυμολόγητου (genitive masculine singular)
ανετυμολόγητης (feminine genitive singular)
ανετυμολόγητου (genitive neuter singular)
ανετυμολόγητων (genitive masculine plural)
ανετυμολόγητων (feminine genitive plural)
ανετυμολόγητων (genitive neuter plural)
ανετυμολόγητο (accusative masculine singular)
ανετυμολόγητη (accusative feminine singular)
ανετυμολόγητο (accusative neuter singular)
ανετυμολόγητους (accusative masculine plural)
ανετυμολόγητες (accusative feminine plural)
ανετυμολόγητα (accusative neuter plural)
ανετυμολόγητε (masculine singular vocative)
ανετυμολόγητη (feminine singular vocative)
ανετυμολόγητο (neuter singular vocative)
ανετυμολόγητοι (masculine plural vocative)
ανετυμολόγητες (feminine plural vocative)
ανετυμολόγητα (neuter plural vocative)

el-decl-adj

ανετυμολόγητ

el-decl-adj-a

ανετυμολόγητ

el-decl-adj-positive

Declension of ανετυμολόγητος

ανετυμολόγητ

Comparative: <i class="Grek mention" lang="el">πιο</i> + positive forms (e.g. πιο ανετυμολόγητος, etc.)
 Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ανετυμολόγητος, etc.)

el-decl-adj-ος-η-ο

ανετυμολόγητ

el-decl-adj-table

ανετυμολόγητος (anetymológitos)

ανετυμολόγητη (anetymológiti)

ανετυμολόγητο (anetymológito)

ανετυμολόγητοι (anetymológitoi)

ανετυμολόγητες (anetymológites)

ανετυμολόγητα (anetymológita)

ανετυμολόγητου (anetymológitou)

ανετυμολόγητης (anetymológitis)

ανετυμολόγητου (anetymológitou)

ανετυμολόγητων (anetymológiton)

ανετυμολόγητων (anetymológiton)

ανετυμολόγητων (anetymológiton)

ανετυμολόγητο (anetymológito)

ανετυμολόγητη (anetymológiti)

ανετυμολόγητο (anetymológito)

ανετυμολόγητους (anetymológitous)

ανετυμολόγητες (anetymológites)

ανετυμολόγητα (anetymológita)

ανετυμολόγητε (anetymológite)

ανετυμολόγητη (anetymológiti)

ανετυμολόγητο (anetymológito)

ανετυμολόγητοι (anetymológitoi)

ανετυμολόγητες (anetymológites)

ανετυμολόγητα (anetymológita)

(linguistics, lexicography) without etymology, not etymologised (UK), not etymologized (US)


corr.

(lexicography) Abbreviation of corrompido.


Lockwort

de-noun

Lockwort n (strong, genitive Lockwortes or Lockworts, plural Lockwörter)

Lockwortes (genitive)
Lockworts (genitive)
Lockwörter (plural)
Lockwort (nominative singular)
Lockwörter (definite nominative plural)
Lockwortes (genitive singular)
Lockworts (genitive singular)
Lockwörter (definite genitive plural)
Lockwort (dative singular)
Lockworte (dative singular)
Lockwörtern (dative definite plural)
Lockwort (accusative singular)
Lockwörter (accusative definite plural)

(lexicography) a term arisen in animal-directed speech to attract a beast


superordonné

fr-adj

superordonné (feminine superordonnée, masculine plural superordonnés, feminine plural superordonnées)

superordonnée (feminine)
superordonnés (masculine plural)
superordonnées (feminine plural)


szóvégmutató szótár

head

szóvégmutató szótár (plural szóvégmutató szótárak)

szóvégmutató (“word-ending-indicating”) + szótár (“dictionary”)

affix

(lexicography) reverse dictionary, reverse-alphabetized dictionary


szócsalád

szócsaládok (plural)
szócsalád (nominative singular)
szócsaládok (nominative plural)
szócsaládot (accusative singular)
szócsaládokat (accusative plural)
szócsaládnak (dative singular)
szócsaládoknak (dative plural)
szócsaláddal (instrumental singular)
szócsaládokkal (instrumental plural)
szócsaládért (causal-final singular)
szócsaládokért (causal-final plural)
szócsaláddá (singular translative)
szócsaládokká (plural translative)
szócsaládig (singular terminative)
szócsaládokig (plural terminative)
szócsaládként (essive-formal singular)
szócsaládokként (essive-formal plural)
szócsaládban (inessive singular)
szócsaládokban (inessive plural)
szócsaládon (singular superessive)
szócsaládokon (plural superessive)
szócsaládnál (adessive singular)
szócsaládoknál (adessive plural)
szócsaládba (illative singular)
szócsaládokba (illative plural)
szócsaládra (singular sublative)
szócsaládokra (plural sublative)
szócsaládhoz (allative singular)
szócsaládokhoz (allative plural)
szócsaládból (elative singular)
szócsaládokból (elative plural)
szócsaládról (delative singular)
szócsaládokról (delative plural)
szócsaládtól (ablative singular)
szócsaládoktól (ablative plural)
szócsaládé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
szócsaládoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
szócsaládéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
szócsaládokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
szócsaládom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
szócsaládjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
szócsaládod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
szócsaládjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
szócsaládja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
szócsaládjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
szócsaládunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
szócsaládjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
szócsaládotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
szócsaládjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
szócsaládjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
szócsaládjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

(linguistics, lexicography) word family (a set of etymologically related words)


ꚉ

(lexicography) A phonetic symbol for the sound [d͜z]


falscher Freund

de-noun

falscher Freund m (strong, definite nominative der falsche Freund, genitive (des) falschen Freunds or (des) falschen Freundes, plural falsche Freunde, definite plural die falschen Freunde)

der falsche Freund (definite nominative)
falschen Freunds (genitive)
falschen Freundes (genitive)
falsche Freunde (plural)
die falschen Freunde (definite plural)
falscher Freund (nominative singular strong)
falsche Freunde (nominative plural strong)
falschen Freunds (genitive singular strong)
falschen Freundes (genitive singular strong)
falscher Freunde (genitive plural strong)
falschem Freund (dative singular strong)
falschem Freunde (dative singular strong)
falschen Freunden (dative plural strong)
falschen Freund (accusative singular strong)
falsche Freunde (accusative plural strong)
falsche Freund (nominative singular weak)
falschen Freunde (nominative plural weak)
falschen Freunds (genitive singular weak)
falschen Freundes (genitive singular weak)
falschen Freunde (genitive plural weak)
falschen Freund (dative singular weak)
falschen Freunde (dative singular weak)
falschen Freunden (dative plural weak)
falschen Freund (accusative singular weak)
falschen Freunde (accusative plural weak)
falscher Freund (mixed nominative singular)
falschen Freunde (mixed nominative plural)
falschen Freunds (genitive mixed singular)
falschen Freundes (genitive mixed singular)
falschen Freunde (genitive mixed plural)
falschen Freund (dative mixed singular)
falschen Freunde (dative mixed singular)
falschen Freunden (dative mixed plural)
falschen Freund (accusative mixed singular)
falschen Freunde (accusative mixed plural)

(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) false friend


loan meaning

From loan + meaning. Calque of German Lehnbedeutung.

(lexicography, linguistics) A meaning that has been borrowed from a word in another language, through a process of semantic loan.


misetymologize

en-verb

misetymologize (third-person singular simple present misetymologizes, present participle misetymologizing, simple past and past participle misetymologized)

misetymologizes (present singular third-person)
misetymologizing (participle present)
misetymologized (participle past)
misetymologized (past)

Even professors of education in their textbooks on education usually misetymologize the word as being derived from the Latin educere, to draw out.

1978, The Individual and the Future of Organizations - Volumes 7-13, page 7:

(lexicography) To derive erroneously; to provide an incorrect etymology.


sm.

substantivo masculino
substantivo masculino#Portuguese

(lexicography, grammar) Initialism of substantivo masculino (“masculine noun”).


사성음

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)sʰʌ̹ŋɯm]

Sino-Korean word from 四聲 (“four tones”) + 音 (“sound”).

ko-etym-sino

鳥(조)의 사성음 'niǎo'는 속음에서 기원한다.
joui saseong'eum niǎo neun sogeumeseo giwonhanda.
The Mandarin reading niǎo of [the character] 鳥 /鸟 originates in a vernacular reading.

(lexicography) Standard Mandarin reading of a character


ᵺ

(lexicography) Used in some American dictionaries for the sound /ð/, contrasting with ⟨th⟩ for /θ/.


paŭso

eo-head

paŭso (accusative singular paŭson, plural paŭsoj, accusative plural paŭsojn)

paŭson (accusative singular)
paŭsoj (plural)
paŭsojn (accusative plural)


kalkeo

kalkeo (accusative singular kalkeon, plural kalkeoj, accusative plural kalkeojn)

kalkeon (accusative singular)
kalkeoj (plural)
kalkeojn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from French calque. Compare Polish kalka, Russian ка́лька (kálʹka), Yiddish קאַלקע (kalke), as well as Italian calco.


paŭsi

paŭsi (present paŭsas, past paŭsis, future paŭsos, conditional paŭsus, volitive paŭsu)

paŭsas (present)
paŭsis (past)
paŭsos (future)
paŭsus (conditional)
paŭsu (volitive)
paŭsas (present)
paŭsis (past)
paŭsos (future)
paŭsanta (active participle present singular)
paŭsantaj (active participle plural present)
paŭsinta (active participle past singular)
paŭsintaj (active participle past plural)
paŭsonta (active future participle singular)
paŭsontaj (active future participle plural)
paŭsantan (accusative active participle present singular)
paŭsantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
paŭsintan (accusative active participle past singular)
paŭsintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
paŭsontan (accusative active future participle singular)
paŭsontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
paŭsata (participle passive present singular)
paŭsataj (participle passive plural present)
paŭsita (participle passive past singular)
paŭsitaj (participle passive past plural)
paŭsota (future participle passive singular)
paŭsotaj (future participle passive plural)
paŭsatan (accusative participle passive present singular)
paŭsatajn (accusative participle passive plural present)
paŭsitan (accusative participle passive past singular)
paŭsitajn (accusative participle passive past plural)
paŭsotan (accusative future participle passive singular)
paŭsotajn (accusative future participle passive plural)
paŭsanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
paŭsantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
paŭsinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
paŭsintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
paŭsonto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
paŭsontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
paŭsanton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
paŭsantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
paŭsinton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
paŭsintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
paŭsonton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
paŭsontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
paŭsato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
paŭsatoj (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
paŭsito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
paŭsitoj (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
paŭsoto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
paŭsotoj (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
paŭsaton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
paŭsatojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
paŭsiton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
paŭsitojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
paŭsoton (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
paŭsotojn (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
paŭsante (active adverbial participle present)
paŭsinte (active adverbial participle past)
paŭsonte (active adverbial future participle)
paŭsate (adverbial participle passive present)
paŭsite (adverbial participle passive past)
paŭsote (adverbial future participle passive)
paŭsi (infinitive)
paŭsu (imperative)
paŭsus (conditional)

Borrowed from German pausen. Doublet of paŭzo and pozi.


leksykon

leksykon (nominative singular)
leksykony (nominative plural)
leksykonu (genitive singular)
leksykonów (genitive plural)
leksykonowi (dative singular)
leksykonom (dative plural)
leksykon (accusative singular)
leksykony (accusative plural)
leksykonem (instrumental singular)
leksykonami (instrumental plural)
leksykonie (locative singular)
leksykonach (locative plural)
leksykonie (singular vocative)
leksykony (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Lexicon, from French lexicon; ultimately from Ancient Greek λεξικόν (lexikón).

(lexicography) lexicon (kind of specialized dictionary)


(lexicography) Used to mark digraphs such as the consonants ⟨c͜h, n͡g, s͜h, t͜h, z͜h⟩ for IPA /t͡ʃ, ŋ, ʃ, θ, ʒ/, ⟨ᴋ͜ʜ⟩ for Scottish /x/, or the rhotic vowels ⟨a͡r, e͡r⟩ for IPA /ɑɹ, ɜɹ/.


キリシタン版

キリシタン版 (canonical)
kirishitan-ban (romanization)

[kʲiɾʲiɕi̥tã̠mbã̠ɴ]

(history, Christianity, literature, grammar, lexicography) prose, grammar and vocabulary literature written and printed by Portuguese Jesuits in Japan during the late 16th and early 17th century


jmf

(lexicography) cf, cf., confer, compare, see also; Abbreviation of jämför.


dictionnaire visuel

fr-noun

dictionnaire visuel m (plural dictionnaires visuels)

(lexicography) picture dictionary, visual dictionary


Phrasikon

de-noun

Phrasikon n (strong, genitive Phrasikons, no plural)

Phrasikons (genitive)
Phrasikon (nominative singular)
Phrasikons (genitive singular)
Phrasikon (dative singular)
Phrasikon (accusative singular)

Coordinate term: Lexikon

Es handelt sich dabei um Einheiten der letzten 20 Jahre […] die in Korpora jedoch häufig genug auftreten, um potentiell zu Bestandteilen des Phrasikons der deutschen Sprache zu werden.

2014, Sabine Fiedler, "Gläserne Decke" und "Elefant im Raum": Phraseologische Anglizismen im Deutschen, Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, →ISBN, page 69:

(lexicography, uncommon) phraseology (group of expressions used in a language)


Grußformel

Grußformel f (genitive Grußformel, plural Grußformeln)

Grußformel (genitive)
Grußformeln (plural)
Grußformel (nominative singular)
Grußformeln (definite nominative plural)
Grußformel (genitive singular)
Grußformeln (definite genitive plural)
Grußformel (dative singular)
Grußformeln (dative definite plural)
Grußformel (accusative singular)
Grußformeln (accusative definite plural)

/ˈɡʁuːsˌfɔʁməl/

(lexicography) valediction, complimentary close (standard formula to end a letter)


書證

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/syː⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/syː⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

(lexicography or law) documentary evidence


szóvégmutató

szóvégmutató (nominative singular)
szóvégmutatók (nominative plural)
szóvégmutatóak (nominative plural)
szóvégmutatót (accusative singular)
szóvégmutatókat (accusative plural)
szóvégmutatóakat (accusative plural)
szóvégmutatónak (dative singular)
szóvégmutatóknak (dative plural)
szóvégmutatóaknak (dative plural)
szóvégmutatóval (instrumental singular)
szóvégmutatókkal (instrumental plural)
szóvégmutatóakkal (instrumental plural)
szóvégmutatóért (causal-final singular)
szóvégmutatókért (causal-final plural)
szóvégmutatóakért (causal-final plural)
szóvégmutatóvá (singular translative)
szóvégmutatókká (plural translative)
szóvégmutatóakká (plural translative)
szóvégmutatóig (singular terminative)
szóvégmutatókig (plural terminative)
szóvégmutatóakig (plural terminative)
szóvégmutatóként (essive-formal singular)
szóvégmutatókként (essive-formal plural)
szóvégmutatóakként (essive-formal plural)
szóvégmutatóban (inessive singular)
szóvégmutatókban (inessive plural)
szóvégmutatóakban (inessive plural)
szóvégmutatón (singular superessive)
szóvégmutatókon (plural superessive)
szóvégmutatóakon (plural superessive)
szóvégmutatónál (adessive singular)
szóvégmutatóknál (adessive plural)
szóvégmutatóaknál (adessive plural)
szóvégmutatóba (illative singular)
szóvégmutatókba (illative plural)
szóvégmutatóakba (illative plural)
szóvégmutatóra (singular sublative)
szóvégmutatókra (plural sublative)
szóvégmutatóakra (plural sublative)
szóvégmutatóhoz (allative singular)
szóvégmutatókhoz (allative plural)
szóvégmutatóakhoz (allative plural)
szóvégmutatóból (elative singular)
szóvégmutatókból (elative plural)
szóvégmutatóakból (elative plural)
szóvégmutatóról (delative singular)
szóvégmutatókról (delative plural)
szóvégmutatóakról (delative plural)
szóvégmutatótól (ablative singular)
szóvégmutatóktól (ablative plural)
szóvégmutatóaktól (ablative plural)
szóvégmutatóé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
szóvégmutatóké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
szóvégmutatóaké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
szóvégmutatóéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
szóvégmutatókéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
szóvégmutatóakéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)

szóvég (“word ending, termination”) + mutató (“showing, indicating”)

compound

szóvégmutató szótár

(lexicography) reverse (such that its entries are sorted alphabetically by their last letter, then second-to-last, and so on; also known as a tergo (literally “from the back”))


o͝o

w:The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

(lexicography) A dictionary transcription for the FOOT vowel, used i.a. in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language


o͞o

(lexicography) A dictionary transcription for the GOOSE vowel, used i.a. in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language


(lexicography) Used in some dictionaries when a hyphenated word breaks on the hyphen at the end of a line.


નપુંસકલિંગ

head

નપુંસકલિંગ • (napũsakliṅg) n

Borrowed from Sanskrit नपुंसकलिङ्ग (napuṃsakaliṅga).


પુંલિંગ

head

પુંલિંગ • (pũliṅg) n

gu-noun

પુંલિંગ • (pũliṅg) n

Borrowed from Sanskrit पुंलिङ्ग (puṃliṅga).


vr.

(lexicography) Abbreviation of variant reading.


rétro-acronyme

fr-noun

rétro-acronyme m (plural rétro-acronymes)

(lexicography) backronym (word that is originally not an acronym but is turned into one by devising a full form for it)


frazeologizm

frazeologizm (nominative singular)
frazeologizmy (nominative plural)
frazeologizmu (genitive singular)
frazeologizmów (genitive plural)
frazeologizmowi (dative singular)
frazeologizmom (dative plural)
frazeologizm (accusative singular)
frazeologizmy (accusative plural)
frazeologizmem (instrumental singular)
frazeologizmami (instrumental plural)
frazeologizmie (locative singular)
frazeologizmach (locative plural)
frazeologizmie (singular vocative)
frazeologizmy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English phraseologism, French phraséologisme, German Phraseologismus.

(lexicography, rhetoric) idiom, phraseme, phraseological unit, phraseologism, set expression, set phrase, turn of phrase


superdictionary

From super- (“above, over”) + dictionary.

The law is a kind of superdictionary that knows in advance what any possible combination of words and expressions means.

1998, Harriet Murav, Russia's Legal Fictions, Ann Arbor, M.I.: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, page 104:

Mr. [Michael] Proffitt was reluctant to place the O.E.D. at the forefront of such a project. The dictionary, he said, lacks resources to transform itself this way. Instead, he advocates a federation of reference works. "The superdictionary may be, in fact, superdictionaries," he said. "What you want is some kind of search that then sends you to the right place."

2014 January 22, Tom Rachman, “O.E.D.'s New Chief Editor Speaks of Its Future”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-06:

[…] will anyone ever have enough time and motivation to consult them all, for the entire alphabet, and thus arrive at a truly complete superdictionary?

2019, David Crystal, “The Nature of the Lexicon”, in The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 129:

The current direction in Estonian lexicography is a unification of lexical resources (dictionaries and term bases) into a central superdictionary, the online public dictionary CombiDic.

2022 December 21, Geda Paulsen, Maria Tuulik, Ahti Lohk, Ene Vainik, “From verbal to adjectival: evaluating the lexicalization of participles in an Estonian corpus”, in Slovenščina 2.0, volume 10, number 1, Ljubljana: Ljubljana University Press, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 68:

(lexicography) An exceptionally comprehensive dictionary, which includes all other dictionaries.


фразеологизм

ru-noun+

фразеологи́зм

фразеологи́зм • (frazeologízm) m inan (genitive фразеологи́зма, nominative plural фразеологи́змы, genitive plural фразеологи́змов)

фразеологи́зм (canonical)
frazeologízm (romanization)
фразеологи́зма (genitive)
фразеологи́змы (nominative plural)
фразеологи́змов (genitive plural)
фразеологи́зм (nominative singular)
фразеологи́змы (nominative plural)
фразеологи́зма (genitive singular)
фразеологи́змов (genitive plural)
фразеологи́зму (dative singular)
фразеологи́змам (dative plural)
фразеологи́зм (accusative singular)
фразеологи́змы (accusative plural)
фразеологи́змом (instrumental singular)
фразеологи́змами (instrumental plural)
фразеологи́зме (prepositional singular)
фразеологи́змах (plural prepositional)

[frəzʲɪəɫɐˈɡʲizm]

Ru-фразеологизм.ogg

(lexicography) phraseological unit, phraseme, set expression, set phrase, idiom


Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary

the Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary (canonical)

Coined by English linguist Rosamund Moon in a 1989 paper (see first quote).

coinage

The dictionary most cited in such cases is the UAD: the Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary, usually referred to as 'the dictionary,' but very occasionally as 'my dictionary.'

1989, Rosamund Moon, “Objective or Objectionable: Ideological Aspects of Dictionaries”, in English Language Research Journal, volume 3, Birmingham, West Midlands: University of Birmingham, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 63; quoted in Words Words Words, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2010, →ISBN, pages 5–6:

The individual lexicographer has ceded power to the team, the computerised corpus has come to stand side by side with, if not actually to replace, the readers of earlier research, but what has been termed the 'Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary' is still the court of last resort.

1996, Jonathon Green, Chasing the Sun: Dictionary-Makers and the Dictionaries They Made, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 11:

This war ended with the death of both men and their replacement by Johnson as authors of the "Unidentified Authorising Dictionary".

1996 March 24, David Honigmann, “Abecedarians in the war of the words”, in The Independent, London: Independent Digital News & Media Ltd, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-07:

Have you hear^([sic]) of the Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary?

2004 June 22, Raymond S. Wise, “tarot”, in alt.english.usage (Usenet):

The reference here, certainly, is to a generic compilation, not to any specific collection. This is the 'Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary' identified by Rosamund Moon, and the purpose for which it might be consulted is decidedly utilitarian.

2018, Elizabeth Knowles, 'And I Quote...', Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 52:

(lexicography, humorous) A fictional supremely authoritative dictionary, supposed to be referenced by laypeople in discussions of "the dictionary".


sbst.

(lexicography) Abbreviation of substantiv (“noun”).


o̱

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨o⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the STRUT vowel, as in the word "son".


ꞏ

(lexicography) The 'neutral' tone (a toneless syllable) in pinyin, e.g. Mandarin 吗 ·ma, or 知道 zhī·dào (pronounced either zhīdào or zhīdao). The zhuyin equivalent is ⟨˙⟩


સ્ત્રીલિંગ

head

સ્ત્રીલિંગ • (strīliṅg) n

gu-noun

સ્ત્રીલિંગ • (strīliṅg) n

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्त्रीलिङ्ग (strīliṅga).


traductif

fr-adj

traductif (feminine traductive, masculine plural traductifs, feminine plural traductives)

traductive (feminine)
traductifs (masculine plural)
traductives (feminine plural)

Coordinate term: explicatif

dictionnaire traductif


(lexicography, dated) Ties together the pronunciation-key digraphs a͟i and c͟h.


(lexicography) Marks a vowel as a schwa.

(lexicography) A partially or optionally reduced vowel, e.g. fa᷵‧tal′i‧ty, de᷵‧pend′, pro᷵‧pose′, for′mu᷵‧late.


(lexicography, dated) Ties together the pronunciation-key digraphs a᷍a, a᷍i, a᷍u, e᷍e, e᷍i, e᷍u, o᷍i.


(lexicography) Used to mark the digraph ⟨oo⟩ as having its 'long' sound: ⟨o͞o⟩ /uː/.

(lexicography, dated) Ties together the pronunciation-key digraphs a͞a, a͞e, a͞o, e͞w, c͞i, s͞i, t͞h, t͞i.


(lexicography) Used to mark the digraph ⟨oo⟩ as having its 'short' sound: ⟨o͝o⟩ /ʊ/.


k͟h

(lexicography) Indicates the Scottish or unassimilated German /x/ – e.g. \lôk͟h\ for loch or \bâk͟h\ for Bach.


c̣

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨c⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the consonant /s/, as in the word "celestial".


ȳ

(lexicography) An orthographic ⟨y⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the PRICE vowel, as in the word "lyre".


ǣ

close front unrounded vowel
w:close front unrounded vowel

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨æ⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as representing the close front unrounded vowel /i/.


(lexicography) Indicates a legal but undesirable location for a word break.


ᴋ

(lexicography) Used in the digraph ⟨ᴋʜ⟩ or ⟨ᴋ͜ʜ⟩ for Scottish and unassimilated German /x/ – e.g. \lôᴋ͜ʜ\ for loch or \bâᴋ͜ʜ\ for Bach.


ᴄ

(lexicography) Used in the digraph ⟨ᴄʜ⟩ for the /t͡ʃ/ sound.


ᴛ

(lexicography) Used in the digraphs ⟨ᴛʜ⟩ and ⟨ᴛ͟ʜ⟩ for the sounds /θ/ and /ð/.


u̇

(lexicography) A dictionary transcription for the FOOT vowel

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨u⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the NURSE vowel, as in the word "turn".


c͟h

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨c⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the consonant /k/, as in the word "character".


y̆

(lexicography) An orthographic ⟨y⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the KIT vowel, as in the word "typical".


c͞i

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨ci⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the consonant /ʃ/, as in the word "delicious".


s͞i

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨si⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the consonant /ʒ/, as in the word "division".


t͞i

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨ti⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the consonant /ʃ/, as in the word "attraction".


t͞h

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨th⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the consonant /t/, as in the name "Thomas" (capitalized T͞homas).


a᷍u

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨au⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the THOUGHT vowel, as in the word "maul".


a͟i

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨ai⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the FACE vowel, as in the word "hail".


a᷍i

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨ai⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the PRICE vowel, as in the word "aisle".


e᷍e

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨ee⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the FLEECE vowel, as in the word "heed".


e᷍i

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨i⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the PRICE vowel, as in the word "fine".


a͞o

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨o⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the GOAT vowel, as in the word "alone".


a᷍a

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨a⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the SQUARE vowel, as in the word "fare".


o᷍i

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨oi⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the CHOICE vowel, as in the word "oil".


a͞a

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨a⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the TRAP vowel, as in the word "am".


e᷍u

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨eu⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the USE vowel, as in the word "neuter".


e͞w

(lexicography, dated) An orthographic ⟨ew⟩ with a diacritic that marks it as being the USE vowel, as in the word "lewd".


ȑ

(lexicography) A short syllabic r with falling tone


leenbetekenis

nl-noun

leenbetekenis f (plural leenbetekenissen)

From lenen + betekenis. Calque of German Lehnbedeutung.

(lexicography, linguistics) loan meaning


aspectual pair

(grammar, lexicography) Pair of verbs that have the same meaning but differ in aspect.


expression-valise

fr-noun

expression-valise f (plural expression-valises)

In its lexical sense, modelled after mot-valise.

(lexicography) portmanteau of idioms, idiom blend; malaphor


Nic.Dam.

Nic.Dam. = Nicolaus Damascenus

1940, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie, A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, frontmatter, §: V. General List of Abbreviations:

Nicolaus Damascenus
w:Nicolaus of Damascus

(bibliography and lexicography) Abbreviation of Nicolaus Damascenus.


Abh. Berl. Akad.

de-proper noun

Abh. Berl. Akad. f pl (proper noun, plural only)

Strictly speaking, an abbreviation of the informal shorthand form Abhandlungen der Berliner Akademie (“Treatises of the Berlin Academy”). There is considerable historical variation in the way writers referred to the Academy and to its periodical.

La stele relativa alla consegna degli arredi sacri del tempio di Apollo in Cirene stessa, già pubblicata da SFerri, « AbhBerlAkad. », 1925, n. 5, p. 32, è ripubblicata in forma migliore da GOliverio, DAAI. II 548.

1939, Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris, volume 5 (in Italian), Apollinaris, page 537:

Abh.Berl.Akad., p. [75–411] (18[30–41])

1955 July 27th, F.C. Müller-Melchers, “Las diatomeas del plancton marino de las costas del Brasil”, in Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico, volume VI (in Spanish), São Paulo: Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 107, 110–112, 116, 119, 131, and 133:

La piú^([sic]) moderna interpretazione delle pitture delfiche si può trovare in C. Weickert, Studien zur Kunstgeschichte des 5 Jahrh. Chr. I Polygnot in AbhBerlAkad 1950 (ma Jahrg. 1947, n. 8).

1963, Giovanni Battista Pighi, Carlo Del Grande, Paolo Enrico Arias, editors, Enciclopedia classica, volume XI (in Italian), Società editrice internazionale, page 239:

A stratum of oak ashes was found atop the chamber within the mound known as the Tomb of Alyattes; H. Spiegelthal in von Olfers, AbhBerlAkad 1858 (1859) 539–556, and G. M. A. Hanfmann, BASOR 170 (1963) 55.

1972, John Griffiths Pedley, Ancient Literary Sources on Sardis (Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Monographs; 2) (in English), Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 41/2:

On Praxitelean idealism see esp. G. Rodenwaldt, ‘Θεοὶ ῥεῖα ζῴοντες’ AbhBerlAkad (1943) 13; Richter’s remark that with Praxiteles: ‘The gods have descended from high Olympos and have become charming, serene human beings’ (Sc ⁴, 202) surely has the emphasis misplaced.

1977, Andrew Ferguson Stewart, Skopas of Paros (in English), Park Ridge: Noyes Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 173/1:

[…] Kultbildstatuen, im Gegensatz zu ἀνδριαντοποιός; zum Unterschied zwischen beiden Begriffen s. G. Rodenwald, AbhBerlAkad 13, 1944, 3 ff.); ebenso vielleicht in einem weiteren Papyros, POxy. X 1241, 1, 3–5, doch ist unsicher ob (ἀγαλματο-) oder (ἀνδριαντο-)ποιός zu ergänzen ist.

1996, Hendrik Svenson-Evers, Die griechischen Architekten archaischer und klassischer Zeit (Archäologische Studien; 11), illustrated edition, Peter Lang, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 392, note 6:

(bibliography and lexicography) Abbreviation of Abhandlungen der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (“Treatises of the Royal Prussian Academy of the Sciences at Berlin”).

Lampeter
Queenston
The Edwin Mellen Press


sf.

substantivo feminino
substantivo feminino#Portuguese

(lexicography, grammar) Initialism of substantivo feminino (“feminine noun”).


ȓ

(lexicography) A long syllabic r with falling tone


ᴄʜ

(lexicography) Used for the /t͡ʃ/ sound.


vysl.

perpetuum mobile (vysl. -pét-mó-) […] ― perpetuum mobile (pron. -pét-mó-) […]

(lexicography) Abbreviation of vyslovený (“pronounced”).


diaconnotative

a diaconnotative usage label

According to Hausmann (1977, Ch. 8), lexically relevant units can receive — typically by means of labels or usage notes — any or all of the following types of diasystematic marking: diachronic (e.g. archaic, neologism); diatopic (e.g. American English for elevator 'lift', British English for loo); diaintegrative for foreign borrowings used in English (e.g. German for Weltanschauung); diastratic (e.g. informal for loo, formal for perambulator); diaconnotative (e.g. from Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (W9), often used disparagingly for dyke); diatechnical (e.g. law for tort, anatomy for clavicle; diafrequential (e.g. rare); dianormative (e.g. substandard for ain't).

1991, “Lexicography”, in Kirsten Malmkjær, editor, The Linguistics Encyclopedia, London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 295, column 2:

(lexicography) Concerned with or relating to the ways in which a particular term may have different connotations in different situations.


diaintegrative

a diaintegrative usage label

(lexicography) Concerned with or relating to the ways in which multiple languages are integrated with one another.


diatechnical

a diatechnical usage label

In order to apply linguistic and semiotic analysis to conquering the territory of the new media, it is suggested that the sociolinguistic model be integrated with a fifth axis of variation, the diatechnical axis.

2015, Domenico Fiormonte, Teresa Numerico, Francesca Tomasi, translated by Desmond Schmidt and Christopher Ferguson, The Digital Humanist: A Critical Inquiry, New York, N.Y.: Punctum Books, page 112:

(lexicography) Concerned with or relating to how language is used across particular technical fields.


diasystematic

(lexicography) Concerned with or relating to the ways in which language is used across different fields and contexts.


diafrequential

a diafrequential usage label

(lexicography) Concerned with or relating to the ways in which a term's frequency may vary across different contexts and situations.


dianormative

a dianormative usage label

The eschewing of Grantha letters despite their widespread use in modern Tamil, and the unnecessary diastratic and dianormative labelling of many common items as 'non-standard', echo traditional views that the language needs to be 'protected' against the innovations of ordinary everyday speech.

2000, Gregory James, Colporuḷ: A History of Tamil Dictionaries, Chennai: Cre-A, →ISBN, page 266:

(lexicography) Concerned with or relating to the ways in which a term's perceived correctness may vary across different contexts and situations.


Phérécr.

πολύ·τυρος, ος, ον [ῠῡ] qui abonde en fromage, en beurre, Phérécr. (Com.fr.2,316) (π. τυρός).

1895, Anatole Bailly, Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette, page 1601/1, s.v. πολύ·τυρος:

πολύ-τῡρος, ος, ον [ῠ] which abounds in cheese, in butter, Pherecr.Com.Fr.2.316 (πολύς, τυρός).

(bibliography and lexicography) Abbreviation of Phérécrate: Pherecr.


Pherecr.

πολύτῡρος, ον, with much cheese, Pherecr. Περσ. 1. 7.

1883, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, edited by Henry Drisler, A Greek–English Lexicon, seventh edition, New York: Harper & Brothers, page 1251/1, s.v. πολύτῡρος:

(bibliography and lexicography) Abbreviation of Pherecrates.

Phérécr.

abbreviation of (the equivalent of) Pherecrates


(lexicography) equivalent to ⟨~⟩, but indicates that in the derivation the headword changes from lowercase to uppercase.


(lexicography) equivalent to ⟨~⟩, but indicates that in the derived form the headword changes case.


Cetacea, ⸟n (that is, cetacean)

(lexicography) equivalent to ⟨~⟩, but indicates that in the derivation the headword changes from uppercase to lowercase.


diamesic

(lexicography) Concerned with or relating to the ways in which language varies across forms of communication.


հնաբանություն

head

հնաբանութիւն

հնաբանություն • (hnabanutʻyun) (traditional orthography spelling հնաբանութիւն)

hy-noun

հնաբանութիւն

hnabanutʻyun (romanization)
orthography spelling հնաբանութիւն (traditional)
հնաբանություն (nominative singular)
հնաբանություններ (nominative plural)
հնաբանության (dative singular)
հնաբանությունների (dative plural)
հնաբանությունից (ablative singular)
հնաբանություններից (ablative plural)
հնաբանությամբ (instrumental singular)
հնաբանություններով (instrumental plural)
հնաբանությունում (locative singular)
հնաբանություններում (locative plural)
հնաբանությունը (definite nominative singular)
հնաբանությունն (definite nominative singular)
հնաբանությունները (definite nominative plural)
հնաբանություններն (definite nominative plural)
հնաբանությանը (dative definite singular)
հնաբանությանն (dative definite singular)
հնաբանություններին (dative definite plural)
հնաբանությունս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
հնաբանություններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
հնաբանությանս (dative first-person possessive singular)
հնաբանություններիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
հնաբանությունիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
հնաբանություններիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
հնաբանությամբս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
հնաբանություններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
հնաբանությունումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
հնաբանություններումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
հնաբանությունդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
հնաբանություններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
հնաբանությանդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
հնաբանություններիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
հնաբանությունիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
հնաբանություններիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
հնաբանությամբդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
հնաբանություններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
հնաբանությունումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
հնաբանություններումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

հնաբանություն

հնաբանությունը/հնաբանությունն

հնաբանություններ

հնաբանությունները/հնաբանություններն

հնաբանության

հնաբանությանը/հնաբանությանն

հնաբանությունների, հնաբանությանց**

հնաբանություններին

հնաբանությունից

հնաբանություններից

հնաբանությամբ, հնաբանությունով*

հնաբանություններով

հնաբանությունում

հնաբանություններում

հնաբանությունս

հնաբանություններս

հնաբանությանս

հնաբանություններիս, հնաբանությանցս**

հնաբանությունիցս

հնաբանություններիցս

հնաբանությամբս, հնաբանությունովս*

հնաբանություններովս

հնաբանությունումս

հնաբանություններումս

հնաբանությունդ

հնաբանություններդ

հնաբանությանդ

հնաբանություններիդ, հնաբանությանցդ**

հնաբանությունիցդ

հնաբանություններիցդ

հնաբանությամբդ, հնաբանությունովդ*

հնաբանություններովդ

հնաբանությունումդ

հնաբանություններումդ

From հնաբան (hnaban) + -ություն (-utʻyun).