acclivity

First attested in 1614. From Latin acclīvitās, from acclīvis (“ascending”), from ad + clīvus (“slope”).

how gaily vineyards and olives alternately chequer the acclivities

she would walk […] as far as to the point where the acclivity from the valley began its first steep ascent to the outer world.

1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles:

Just below it leaned a tottering crag that would have toppled, starting an avalanche on an acclivity where no sliding mass could stop.

1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 8, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

(geomorphology) A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending; an upward slope; ascent.

ylämäki

slope or inclination considered as "ascending"


montagna

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin montānia, a collective based on Latin montem.


dune

Partly from a dialectal form of down; and partly from French dune (from Old French dune), or from Middle Dutch dūne (modern Dutch duin), or from Middle Low German dûne; all ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *dūn, *dūnā, probably from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold, rampart”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuHnom (“enclosure”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to finish, come full circle”). Doublet of down (which see).

der

Heavy line segments (lengthened for clarity) indicate locations of deep-sea dunes.

1975, Texas A & M University. College of Geosciences, Contributions in Oceanography:

In the early 2000s, space probes [confirmed Mars as] having dunes […] Their shapes are identical to their Saharan cousins', but they are ten times bigger. In contrast, underwater dunes are a hundred times smaller than their counterparts on solid ground. This universality of dunes is a blessing for physicists: their comparative study confirmed the models that describe the formation of dunes on Earth.

2021 February 23, Etienne Guyon, Jose Bico, Etienne Reyssat, Benoit Roman, Hidden Wonders: The Subtle Dialogue Between Physics and Elegance, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 257:

(geomorphology) A ridge or hill of sand piled up by currents of wind or water.

dunë

a ridge or hill of sand piled up by the wind

བྱེ་མའི་རི (bye ma'i ri, literally “mountain of sand”)

བྱེ་རི

abbr. of བྱེ་མའི་རི

བྱེ་ཕུང (bye phung, literally “sand pile”)


erg

From French erg, from Algerian Arabic, from Arabic عِرْق (ʕirq).

(geomorphology) A large desert region of sand dunes with little or no vegetation, especially in the Sahara.


erg

erg (nominative singular)
ergi (nominative plural)
ergu (genitive singular)
ergów (genitive plural)
ergowi (dative singular)
ergom (dative plural)
erg (accusative singular)
ergi (accusative plural)
ergiem (instrumental singular)
ergami (instrumental plural)
ergu (locative singular)
ergach (locative plural)
ergu (singular vocative)
ergi (plural vocative)


dorsal

(geomorphology) ridge (on the ocean floor)


striation

en-noun

striation (countable and uncountable, plural striations)

The energy raised the temperature of the snow a couple of degrees, and the friction carved striations high in the icy sides of the canyon walls.

2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall : The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Time:

(countable, geomorphology) One of a number of parallel scratch lines in rock outcrops, formed when glaciers dragged rocks across the landscape.


ghiacciaio

Calque of French glacier as ghiaccio + -aio.


monte

(geomorphology, orography) mountain, mount


peneplain

peneplains (plural)
peneplane (alternative)

(geomorphology) A low-relief plain representing the final stage of fluvial erosion during times of extended tectonic stability.


fall line

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fall line.wav

(geomorphology) A geomorphologic unconformity marking a boundary between an upland region and a plane; sometimes marked by a series of waterfalls on rivers that cross it.

Fall Line

geomorphology: A line marking a boundary between an upland region and a plane


declivity

1610s, from French déclivité, from Latin declivitatem, dēclīvitās,
from dēclivis (“a sloping downward”), from de (“down”) + clīvus (“a slope”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleywo-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”) (English lean).

The Declivity was ſo ſmall, that I walked near a mile before I got to the Shore, which I conjectur'd was about eight a-clock in the Evening.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Author Gives Some Account of Himself and Family, His First Inducements to Travel. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput), page 6:

1780, Theodore Augustine Mann, A Treatise on Rivers and Canals, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Volume 69: For the Year 1779, Part II, 582,
The velocity of flowing waters is very far from being in proportion to the quantity of declivity in their bed: […] .

[…]whoever takes the trouble of observing how the water runs longitudinally in the ruts on a convex road, although the declivity down the sides be incomparably greater than in the direction which it is compelled to take in the ruts, will soon see the propriety of constructing roads so as to have the water rim length-ways upon them, instead of attempting to gain a declivity, by making it run from the middle to the sides.

1809, Alexander Cumming, Observations on the Very Important and Contrary Effects which Carriage Wheels, with Rims of Cylindrical, and of Conical Shape, Have on the Roads, page 30:

[…]a line was measured down the hill on the right of 420, and the angle of declivity is 23°, which shortens the line 33 links;[…].

1812, John Ainslie, Comprehensive Treatise on Land Surveying, page 117:

A rocky cliff appeared, mounds of turned–up earth by the shore, houses on a hill, others with iron roofs, amongst a waste of excavations, or hanging to the declivity.

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:

1908 [Charles Griffin & Company], John Harvard Biles, The Design and Construction of Ships, Volume I: Calculations and Strength, 2009, Europāischer Hochschulverlag (Salzwasser-Verlag), page 216,
The declivity of the keel blocks varies slightly with the size of the vessel. The larger the vessel, the less the declivity.

Companion woodcut of "inclined plane on the railway from South Hetton to Seaham Harbour, showing the manner in which a loaded train of waggons pulls an empty one up the declivity"

1948 May and June, “The South Hetton Railway in 1835”, in Railway Magazine, page 184, image caption:

(geomorphology) The downward slope of a curve.


epeirogenesis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἤπειρος (ḗpeiros, “land”) + -genesis.

(geomorphology) Formation of continents, ocean basins and plateaus via movements of earth's crust.

ηπειρογένεση

formation of continents, etc via movements of earth's crust


jänne

jänne (nominative singular)
jänteet (nominative plural)
jänne (accusative nominative singular)
jänteet (accusative nominative plural)
jänteen (accusative genitive singular)
jänteet (accusative genitive plural)
jänteen (genitive singular)
jänteiden (genitive plural)
jänteitten (genitive plural)
jännettä (partitive singular)
jänteitä (partitive plural)
jänteessä (inessive singular)
jänteissä (inessive plural)
jänteestä (elative singular)
jänteistä (elative plural)
jänteeseen (illative singular)
jänteisiin (illative plural)
jänteihin (illative plural)
jänteellä (adessive singular)
jänteillä (adessive plural)
jänteeltä (ablative singular)
jänteiltä (ablative plural)
jänteelle (allative singular)
jänteille (allative plural)
jänteenä (essive singular)
jänteinä (essive plural)
jänteeksi (singular translative)
jänteiksi (plural translative)
jänteettä (abessive singular)
jänteittä (abessive plural)
jäntein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
jänteeni (nominative singular)
jänteeni (nominative plural)
jänteeni (accusative nominative singular)
jänteeni (accusative nominative plural)
jänteeni (accusative genitive singular)
jänteeni (accusative genitive plural)
jänteeni (genitive singular)
jänteideni (genitive plural)
jänteitteni (genitive plural)
jännettäni (partitive singular)
jänteitäni (partitive plural)
jänteessäni (inessive singular)
jänteissäni (inessive plural)
jänteestäni (elative singular)
jänteistäni (elative plural)
jänteeseeni (illative singular)
jänteisiini (illative plural)
jänteihini (illative plural)
jänteelläni (adessive singular)
jänteilläni (adessive plural)
jänteeltäni (ablative singular)
jänteiltäni (ablative plural)
jänteelleni (allative singular)
jänteilleni (allative plural)
jänteenäni (essive singular)
jänteinäni (essive plural)
jänteekseni (singular translative)
jänteikseni (plural translative)
jänteettäni (abessive singular)
jänteittäni (abessive plural)
jänteineni (comitative plural)
jänteesi (nominative singular)
jänteesi (nominative plural)
jänteesi (accusative nominative singular)
jänteesi (accusative nominative plural)
jänteesi (accusative genitive singular)
jänteesi (accusative genitive plural)
jänteesi (genitive singular)
jänteidesi (genitive plural)
jänteittesi (genitive plural)
jännettäsi (partitive singular)
jänteitäsi (partitive plural)
jänteessäsi (inessive singular)
jänteissäsi (inessive plural)
jänteestäsi (elative singular)
jänteistäsi (elative plural)
jänteeseesi (illative singular)
jänteisiisi (illative plural)
jänteihisi (illative plural)
jänteelläsi (adessive singular)
jänteilläsi (adessive plural)
jänteeltäsi (ablative singular)
jänteiltäsi (ablative plural)
jänteellesi (allative singular)
jänteillesi (allative plural)
jänteenäsi (essive singular)
jänteinäsi (essive plural)
jänteeksesi (singular translative)
jänteiksesi (plural translative)
jänteettäsi (abessive singular)
jänteittäsi (abessive plural)
jänteinesi (comitative plural)
jänteemme (nominative singular)
jänteemme (nominative plural)
jänteemme (accusative nominative singular)
jänteemme (accusative nominative plural)
jänteemme (accusative genitive singular)
jänteemme (accusative genitive plural)
jänteemme (genitive singular)
jänteidemme (genitive plural)
jänteittemme (genitive plural)
jännettämme (partitive singular)
jänteitämme (partitive plural)
jänteessämme (inessive singular)
jänteissämme (inessive plural)
jänteestämme (elative singular)
jänteistämme (elative plural)
jänteeseemme (illative singular)
jänteisiimme (illative plural)
jänteihimme (illative plural)
jänteellämme (adessive singular)
jänteillämme (adessive plural)
jänteeltämme (ablative singular)
jänteiltämme (ablative plural)
jänteellemme (allative singular)
jänteillemme (allative plural)
jänteenämme (essive singular)
jänteinämme (essive plural)
jänteeksemme (singular translative)
jänteiksemme (plural translative)
jänteettämme (abessive singular)
jänteittämme (abessive plural)
jänteinemme (comitative plural)
jänteenne (nominative singular)
jänteenne (nominative plural)
jänteenne (accusative nominative singular)
jänteenne (accusative nominative plural)
jänteenne (accusative genitive singular)
jänteenne (accusative genitive plural)
jänteenne (genitive singular)
jänteidenne (genitive plural)
jänteittenne (genitive plural)
jännettänne (partitive singular)
jänteitänne (partitive plural)
jänteessänne (inessive singular)
jänteissänne (inessive plural)
jänteestänne (elative singular)
jänteistänne (elative plural)
jänteeseenne (illative singular)
jänteisiinne (illative plural)
jänteihinne (illative plural)
jänteellänne (adessive singular)
jänteillänne (adessive plural)
jänteeltänne (ablative singular)
jänteiltänne (ablative plural)
jänteellenne (allative singular)
jänteillenne (allative plural)
jänteenänne (essive singular)
jänteinänne (essive plural)
jänteeksenne (singular translative)
jänteiksenne (plural translative)
jänteettänne (abessive singular)
jänteittänne (abessive plural)
jänteinenne (comitative plural)
jänteensä (nominative singular)
jänteensä (nominative plural)
jänteensä (accusative nominative singular)
jänteensä (accusative nominative plural)
jänteensä (accusative genitive singular)
jänteensä (accusative genitive plural)
jänteensä (genitive singular)
jänteidensä (genitive plural)
jänteittensä (genitive plural)
jännettään (partitive singular)
jännettänsä (partitive singular)
jänteitään (partitive plural)
jänteitänsä (partitive plural)
jänteessään (inessive singular)
jänteessänsä (inessive singular)
jänteissään (inessive plural)
jänteissänsä (inessive plural)
jänteestään (elative singular)
jänteestänsä (elative singular)
jänteistään (elative plural)
jänteistänsä (elative plural)
jänteeseensä (illative singular)
jänteisiinsä (illative plural)
jänteihinsä (illative plural)
jänteellään (adessive singular)
jänteellänsä (adessive singular)
jänteillään (adessive plural)
jänteillänsä (adessive plural)
jänteeltään (ablative singular)
jänteeltänsä (ablative singular)
jänteiltään (ablative plural)
jänteiltänsä (ablative plural)
jänteelleen (allative singular)
jänteellensä (allative singular)
jänteilleen (allative plural)
jänteillensä (allative plural)
jänteenään (essive singular)
jänteenänsä (essive singular)
jänteinään (essive plural)
jänteinänsä (essive plural)
jänteekseen (singular translative)
jänteeksensä (singular translative)
jänteikseen (plural translative)
jänteiksensä (plural translative)
jänteettään (abessive singular)
jänteettänsä (abessive singular)
jänteittään (abessive plural)
jänteittänsä (abessive plural)
jänteineen (comitative plural)
jänteinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *jändek, from Proto-Uralic *jänte.

(geomorphology) a dry area of a bog between quagmires or ponds


colle

From Latin collem (“hill”). Cognate with English hill.


badlands

badlands (plural)
badland (alternative)
Bad Lands (alternative archaic)

→ Esperanto: badlandoj

→ German: Badlands

→ French: badlands

→ Spanish: badlands

From earlier Bad Lands, calque of Canadian French mauvaises terres à traverser (“bad lands to cross”), itself a calque of Lakota Makhóšiča from makhó (“land”) and šiča (“bad”).

calque

Not only do the Bad Lands present a most attractive field to the student of erosion and of the origin of earth forms, but their deathlike solitudes have been made to yield the most wonderful procession of strange extinct animals yet unearthed by geologists.

1904, Israel C. Russell, North America, New York: D. Appleton and Company, page 111:

No one has ever described better the shaggy badlands and cabbage-patches round the edges of a city, where the debris of civilization piles up ramshackle suburbs in which starve and scheme all manner of human detritus.

1922, John Dos Passos, “A Novelist of Revolution”, in Rosinante to the Road Again, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC, page 85:

(geomorphology) An arid terrain characterized by severe erosion of sedimentary rocks.

وَعْر

arid terrain with severely eroded sedimentary rocks


duna

Borrowed from French dune, from Old French dune, from Middle Dutch dūne, from Proto-West Germanic *dūnā.

(geomorphology) dune (ridge or hill of sand piled up by the wind)


pals

pals (indefinite nominative singular)
pals (genitive indefinite singular)
palsen (definite nominative singular)
palsens (definite genitive singular)
palsar (indefinite nominative plural)
palsars (genitive indefinite plural)
palsarna (definite nominative plural)
palsarnas (definite genitive plural)

From Finnish palsa, from Lule Sami balsa.

(geomorphology) palsa; a turf hillock with a frozen core


glacis

Borrowed from French glacis (“slippery surface”), derived from Old French glacier (“to glide; freeze”), the former from Latin glaciāre (“to freeze”), from glaciēs (“ice”), of uncertain origin.
Cognates
* Medieval Latin glatia (“incline in front of a fortification”)

cog

(geomorphology) A gentle sloping landform created by the deposition or erosion of material.


orography

en-noun

orography (usually uncountable, plural orographies)

orographies (plural)
oreography (alternative)

Orography: A description of mountains.

1846, Joseph Emerson Worcester, A universal and critical dictionary of the English language: to which are added Walker's Key to the pronunciation of classical and Scripture proper names, much enlarged and improved, and a pronouncing vocabulary of modern geographical names, Boston: Wilkins, Carter, and Company, published 1849, page 501:

A knowledge of the Hydrography of a country aids as much in determining its geology as does its Orography, — that is, a description of its mountains.

1853, Edward Hitchcock, “The Geology of the Globe”, in Outline of the Geology of the Globe and of the United States in Particular with Sketches of Characteristic American Fossils., Boston: Phillips, Sampson & Company, page 10:

(geomorphology) The scientific study, or a physical description of mountains.

լեռնագրություն

the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains


pánev

pánev (nominative singular)
pánve (nominative plural)
pánve (genitive singular)
pánví (genitive plural)
pánvi (dative singular)
pánvím (dative plural)
pánev (accusative singular)
pánve (accusative plural)
pánvi (singular vocative)
pánve (plural vocative)
pánvi (locative singular)
pánvích (locative plural)
pánví (instrumental singular)
pánvemi (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from German Pfanne, from Late Latin panna.


flatiron

flatirons (plural)
flat iron (alternative)
flat-iron (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-flatiron.wav

(geomorphology) A steeply sloping triangular landform created by the differential erosion of a steeply dipping, erosion-resistant layer of rock overlying softer strata.


cabo

Template:inh_, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-. Doublet of caput, capuz, chefe, and chef.

doublet

(geomorphology) cape (piece of land extending beyond the coast)


cuesta

Borrowed from Spanish cuesta (“slope”). Doublet of coast.

At that point the cuesta is 10 miles wide but the hilltops have an eastward descent of only about 62 feet. In its general eastward slope the surface of the cuesta is exactly that of one made by weathering and stream erosion, acting upon a gently-dipping limestone bed in a region never glaciated.

1965, Lawrence Martin, The Physical Geography of Wisconsin, Univ of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page 217:

In eastern Wisconsin the cuesta is drift-covered and less noticeable; permanent settlement came later; lead and zinc mining was absent; and industrial development took a different course.

1986, Gwen Schultz, Wisconsin's Foundations: A Review of the State's Geology and Its Influence on Geography and Human Activity, Univ of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page 127:

(geomorphology) A hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side, and a steep slope on the other.


кум

ru-noun+

кум • (kum) m inan (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́мы, genitive plural ку́мов)

kum (romanization)
ку́ма (genitive)
ку́мы (nominative plural)
ку́мов (genitive plural)
ку́м (nominative singular)
ку́мы (nominative plural)
ку́ма (genitive singular)
ку́мов (genitive plural)
ку́му (dative singular)
ку́мам (dative plural)
ку́м (accusative singular)
ку́мы (accusative plural)
ку́мом (instrumental singular)
ку́мами (instrumental plural)
ку́ме (prepositional singular)
ку́мах (plural prepositional)

Borrowed from Turkic; compare to Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Uzbek qum.

(geomorphology) erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)


pingo

From Greenlandic pingu or Inuktitut pingu (“hummock, small hill”).

The greatest variation in cover thickness, as determined from collapsed pingos, is in irregularly shaped pingos, or those with asymmetrically located ice-cores.

1963, J[ohn] Ross Mackay, The Mackenzie Delta Area, N.W.T. (Memoir (Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Canada); 8), Ottawa, Ont.: Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, →OCLC, page 74:

Considerable progress has been made on the discovery and mapping of many open system pingos in central Alaska and Yukon Territory[…], as well as the discovery of pingo-like mounds in the shallow waters of the Beaufort Sea north of the mouth of the Mackenzie River. The greatest advance in pingo research in the last decade has been a consideration and understanding of theory and rate of pingo growth […]

1973, Roger J. E. Brown, Troy L. Péwé, “Distribution of Permafrost in North America and Its Relationship to the Environment: A Review, 1963–1973: 13–28 July 1973, Yakutsk, U.S.S.R.”, in Permafrost: North American Contribution: Second International Conference, Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, →ISBN, page 80, column 2:

With the exception of small pingos, most pingo ice cores have several ice types. The bulk of the core can be segregated ice, intrusive ice formed from the freezing of bulk water, or any combination of the two types. In addition, dilation-crack ice (tension-crack ice, Brown and Kupsch, 1974) is commonly the main ice type beneath the summit of pingos with craters.

1983, J[ohn] Ross Mackay, “Oxygen Isotope Variations in Permafrost, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Area, Northwest Territories”, in Current Research Part B = Recherches en Cours Partie B (Geological Survey Paper; 83-1B), Ottawa, Ont.: Geological Survey of Canada, →ISBN, page 68:

Larger scale frost-heave features, such as pingoes, are rare because there is insufficient water available, generally, for the growth of large ice bodies.

1987, I. B. Campbell, G. G. C. Claridge, Antarctica: Soils, Weathering Processes and Environment (Developments in Soil Science; 16), Amsterdam, New York, N.Y.: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 106:

(geomorphology) A conical mound of earth with an ice core caused by permafrost uplift, particularly if lasting more than a year.


periglacial

/pɛɹɪˈɡleɪʃəl/

* During the Anglian glaciation, the ice caps were smaller than during earlier glacial events, but conditions in the periglacial areas around the ice were far more severe.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 167:

(geomorphology) Of or pertaining to the area around the edge of a glacier.


kra

kra (nominative singular)
kry (nominative plural)
kry (genitive singular)
ker (genitive plural)
kře (dative singular)
krám (dative plural)
kru (accusative singular)
kry (accusative plural)
kro (singular vocative)
kry (plural vocative)
kře (locative singular)
krách (locative plural)
krou (instrumental singular)
krami (instrumental plural)

In Old Czech, this word meant “a piece of rock or other material”; derived from Proto-Slavic *jьkra (“roe; calf of leg”).


deflacja

deflacja (nominative singular)
deflacje (nominative plural)
deflacji (genitive singular)
deflacji (genitive plural)
deflacyj (archaic genitive plural)
deflacji (dative singular)
deflacjom (dative plural)
deflację (accusative singular)
deflacje (accusative plural)
deflacją (instrumental singular)
deflacjami (instrumental plural)
deflacji (locative singular)
deflacjach (locative plural)
deflacjo (singular vocative)
deflacje (plural vocative)


lithal

(informal, geomorphology) A pingo or hydrolaccolith; a mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic and subarctic environments that can reach up to 70 m in height and up to 600 m in diameter.


kolumna

kolumienka (diminutive)
kolumna (nominative singular)
kolumny (nominative plural)
kolumny (genitive singular)
kolumn (genitive plural)
kolumnie (dative singular)
kolumnom (dative plural)
kolumnę (accusative singular)
kolumny (accusative plural)
kolumną (instrumental singular)
kolumnami (instrumental plural)
kolumnie (locative singular)
kolumnach (locative plural)
kolumno (singular vocative)
kolumny (plural vocative)


orografija

sh-noun

orogràfija f (Cyrillic spelling орогра̀фија)

orogràfija (canonical feminine)
орогра̀фија (Cyrillic)
orografija (nominative singular)
orografije (nominative plural)
orografije (genitive singular)
orografija (genitive plural)
orografiji (dative singular)
orografijama (dative plural)
orografiju (accusative singular)
orografije (accusative plural)
orografijo (singular vocative)
orografije (plural vocative)
orografiji (locative singular)
orografijama (locative plural)
orografijom (instrumental singular)
orografijama (instrumental plural)


palsa

From Finnish palsa, from Northern Sami balsa.

Peat plateaux are larger landforms formed by the coalescence of palsas. String bogs, also called patterned fens, occur in muskeg. They are alternations of thin, string-like strips or ridges of peat, mainly Sphagnum moss, which may[…]

2003, Richard J. Huggett, Fundamentals of Geomorphology, Psychology Press, →ISBN, page 244:

These basin bogs are generally associated with Picea mariana or are treeless. Species in these wetlands are similar to those found in other palsas in Canada.

2013 March 9, Dennis F. Whigham, D. Dykyjová, S. Hejný, Wetlands of the World I: Inventory, Ecology and Management, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 480:

(geomorphology) A hummock rising out of a bog with a core of ice; similar in appearance to a pingo but due to different structure palsas cannot grow as big as pingos.


palsa

palsa (nominative singular)
palsat (nominative plural)
palsa (accusative nominative singular)
palsat (accusative nominative plural)
palsan (accusative genitive singular)
palsat (accusative genitive plural)
palsan (genitive singular)
palsojen (genitive plural)
palsain (genitive plural rare)
palsaa (partitive singular)
palsoja (partitive plural)
palsassa (inessive singular)
palsoissa (inessive plural)
palsasta (elative singular)
palsoista (elative plural)
palsaan (illative singular)
palsoihin (illative plural)
palsalla (adessive singular)
palsoilla (adessive plural)
palsalta (ablative singular)
palsoilta (ablative plural)
palsalle (allative singular)
palsoille (allative plural)
palsana (essive singular)
palsoina (essive plural)
palsaksi (singular translative)
palsoiksi (plural translative)
palsatta (abessive singular)
palsoitta (abessive plural)
palsoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
palsani (nominative singular)
palsani (nominative plural)
palsani (accusative nominative singular)
palsani (accusative nominative plural)
palsani (accusative genitive singular)
palsani (accusative genitive plural)
palsani (genitive singular)
palsojeni (genitive plural)
palsaini (genitive plural rare)
palsaani (partitive singular)
palsojani (partitive plural)
palsassani (inessive singular)
palsoissani (inessive plural)
palsastani (elative singular)
palsoistani (elative plural)
palsaani (illative singular)
palsoihini (illative plural)
palsallani (adessive singular)
palsoillani (adessive plural)
palsaltani (ablative singular)
palsoiltani (ablative plural)
palsalleni (allative singular)
palsoilleni (allative plural)
palsanani (essive singular)
palsoinani (essive plural)
palsakseni (singular translative)
palsoikseni (plural translative)
palsattani (abessive singular)
palsoittani (abessive plural)
palsoineni (comitative plural)
palsasi (nominative singular)
palsasi (nominative plural)
palsasi (accusative nominative singular)
palsasi (accusative nominative plural)
palsasi (accusative genitive singular)
palsasi (accusative genitive plural)
palsasi (genitive singular)
palsojesi (genitive plural)
palsaisi (genitive plural rare)
palsaasi (partitive singular)
palsojasi (partitive plural)
palsassasi (inessive singular)
palsoissasi (inessive plural)
palsastasi (elative singular)
palsoistasi (elative plural)
palsaasi (illative singular)
palsoihisi (illative plural)
palsallasi (adessive singular)
palsoillasi (adessive plural)
palsaltasi (ablative singular)
palsoiltasi (ablative plural)
palsallesi (allative singular)
palsoillesi (allative plural)
palsanasi (essive singular)
palsoinasi (essive plural)
palsaksesi (singular translative)
palsoiksesi (plural translative)
palsattasi (abessive singular)
palsoittasi (abessive plural)
palsoinesi (comitative plural)
palsamme (nominative singular)
palsamme (nominative plural)
palsamme (accusative nominative singular)
palsamme (accusative nominative plural)
palsamme (accusative genitive singular)
palsamme (accusative genitive plural)
palsamme (genitive singular)
palsojemme (genitive plural)
palsaimme (genitive plural rare)
palsaamme (partitive singular)
palsojamme (partitive plural)
palsassamme (inessive singular)
palsoissamme (inessive plural)
palsastamme (elative singular)
palsoistamme (elative plural)
palsaamme (illative singular)
palsoihimme (illative plural)
palsallamme (adessive singular)
palsoillamme (adessive plural)
palsaltamme (ablative singular)
palsoiltamme (ablative plural)
palsallemme (allative singular)
palsoillemme (allative plural)
palsanamme (essive singular)
palsoinamme (essive plural)
palsaksemme (singular translative)
palsoiksemme (plural translative)
palsattamme (abessive singular)
palsoittamme (abessive plural)
palsoinemme (comitative plural)
palsanne (nominative singular)
palsanne (nominative plural)
palsanne (accusative nominative singular)
palsanne (accusative nominative plural)
palsanne (accusative genitive singular)
palsanne (accusative genitive plural)
palsanne (genitive singular)
palsojenne (genitive plural)
palsainne (genitive plural rare)
palsaanne (partitive singular)
palsojanne (partitive plural)
palsassanne (inessive singular)
palsoissanne (inessive plural)
palsastanne (elative singular)
palsoistanne (elative plural)
palsaanne (illative singular)
palsoihinne (illative plural)
palsallanne (adessive singular)
palsoillanne (adessive plural)
palsaltanne (ablative singular)
palsoiltanne (ablative plural)
palsallenne (allative singular)
palsoillenne (allative plural)
palsananne (essive singular)
palsoinanne (essive plural)
palsaksenne (singular translative)
palsoiksenne (plural translative)
palsattanne (abessive singular)
palsoittanne (abessive plural)
palsoinenne (comitative plural)
palsansa (nominative singular)
palsansa (nominative plural)
palsansa (accusative nominative singular)
palsansa (accusative nominative plural)
palsansa (accusative genitive singular)
palsansa (accusative genitive plural)
palsansa (genitive singular)
palsojensa (genitive plural)
palsainsa (genitive plural rare)
palsaansa (partitive singular)
palsojaan (partitive plural)
palsojansa (partitive plural)
palsassaan (inessive singular)
palsassansa (inessive singular)
palsoissaan (inessive plural)
palsoissansa (inessive plural)
palsastaan (elative singular)
palsastansa (elative singular)
palsoistaan (elative plural)
palsoistansa (elative plural)
palsaansa (illative singular)
palsoihinsa (illative plural)
palsallaan (adessive singular)
palsallansa (adessive singular)
palsoillaan (adessive plural)
palsoillansa (adessive plural)
palsaltaan (ablative singular)
palsaltansa (ablative singular)
palsoiltaan (ablative plural)
palsoiltansa (ablative plural)
palsalleen (allative singular)
palsallensa (allative singular)
palsoilleen (allative plural)
palsoillensa (allative plural)
palsanaan (essive singular)
palsanansa (essive singular)
palsoinaan (essive plural)
palsoinansa (essive plural)
palsakseen (singular translative)
palsaksensa (singular translative)
palsoikseen (plural translative)
palsoiksensa (plural translative)
palsattaan (abessive singular)
palsattansa (abessive singular)
palsoittaan (abessive plural)
palsoittansa (abessive plural)
palsoineen (comitative plural)
palsoinensa (comitative plural)


intracrater

an intracrater dune formation

(geomorphology, astronomy) Occurring within a crater


falesia

Borrowed from Old French faleise, from Frankish *falisa, from Proto-Germanic *falisaz (“rock, cliff”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“rock, cliff”).

(geomorphology) coastline with continuous cliffs


filar

filar (nominative singular)
filary (nominative plural)
filaru (genitive singular)
filara (genitive singular)
filarów (genitive plural)
filarowi (dative singular)
filarom (dative plural)
filar (accusative singular)
filary (accusative plural)
filarem (instrumental singular)
filarami (instrumental plural)
filarze (locative singular)
filarach (locative plural)
filarze (singular vocative)
filary (plural vocative)

From Latin pilare, from pila (“column”).


orografia

From Ancient Greek ὄρος (óros, “mountain”) + -grafia.


orografia

orografia (nominative singular)
orografii (genitive singular)
orografii (dative singular)
orografię (accusative singular)
orografią (instrumental singular)
orografii (locative singular)
orografio (singular vocative)

(geomorphology) orography (scientific study, or a physical description, of mountains)


orografia

orografias (plural)
oreografia (alternative)

(geomorphology) orography (the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains)


lichenometry

In lichenometry, a lichen is presumed to grow radially at a specific, constant rate: this rate is used to estimate the age of the largest lichen on a rock surface, and thus the length of time the rock has been exposed.

The sophistication of approach to lichenometry has increased markedly in the last decade or two.

2004, Jean M. Grove, Little Ice Ages: Ancient and Modern, Volume 1, 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), page 7:

Lichenometry is a surface-exposure dating method that uses lichen-growth rates to infer the age of young ([a] few thousand years old or younger) glacial landforms, typically bouldery deposits such as moraines.[…]Several approaches have been employed to measure lichens, and a distinct advantage of lichenometry over other techniques is its simplicity (Bradwell, 2009).

2011, Jason P. Briner, “Dating Glacial Landforms”, in Vijay P. Singh, Pratap Singh, Umesh K. Haritashya, editors, Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers, Springer, page 177:

Lichenometry is a dating method which is based upon the direct relationship between lichen diameter and age.

2012, Matti Saarnisto, “I.4: Time-scales and dating”, in B. Huntley, T. Webb III, editors, Handbook of vegetation science, Volume 7: Vegetation history, Kluwer Academic, page 102:

(archaeology, paleontology, geomorphology) A geomorphic method of geochronologic dating that uses lichen growth to determine the age of exposed rock.

lichenometrie

geochronologic dating method that uses lichen growth


orology

Their orology however is extremely indeterminate and obscure, and must remain so until the actual survey of experienced engineers shall reduce them to distinct chains or groups.

1810, Joseph Wilson, A History of Mountains: Geographical and Mineralogical:

(geomorphology, obsolete, rare) The study or science of mountains and their formation.


antidune

(geomorphology) A bedform found in fluvial environments, opposing the direction of flow.

antiduna

a bedform opposing the direction of fluvial flow


cornisa

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κορωνίς (korōnís).


eipirigineas

head

eipirigineas m (genitive singular eipiriginis)

eipiriginis (genitive singular)
eipirigineas (indefinite nominative singular)
a eipiriginis (indefinite singular vocative)
eipiriginis (genitive indefinite singular)
eipirigineas (dative indefinite singular)
an t-eipirigineas (definite nominative singular)
an eipiriginis (definite genitive singular)
leis an eipirigineas (dative definite singular)
don eipirigineas (dative definite singular)
eipirigineas
n-eipirigineas
heipirigineas
t-eipirigineas


léiceanmhéadracht

léiceanmhéadracht f (genitive singular léiceanmhéadrachta)

léiceanmhéadrachta (genitive singular)
léiceanmhéadracht (indefinite nominative singular)
a léiceanmhéadracht (indefinite singular vocative)
léiceanmhéadrachta (genitive indefinite singular)
léiceanmhéadracht (dative indefinite singular)
an léiceanmhéadracht (definite nominative singular)
na léiceanmhéadrachta (definite genitive singular)
leis an léiceanmhéadracht (dative definite singular)
don léiceanmhéadracht (dative definite singular)

(archaeology, paleontology, geomorphology) lichenometry


epeirogeny

en-noun

epeirogeny (usually uncountable, plural epeirogenies)

(geomorphology) Broad regional upwarp of the cratonic portions of continents.

造陆运动

broad regional upwarp of the cratonic portions of continents


subséquent

fr-adj

subséquent (feminine subséquente, masculine plural subséquents, feminine plural subséquentes)

subséquente (feminine)
subséquents (masculine plural)
subséquentes (feminine plural)


oireolaíocht

head

oireolaíocht f (genitive singular oireolaíochta)

oireolaíochta (genitive singular)
oireolaíocht (indefinite nominative singular)
a oireolaíocht (indefinite singular vocative)
oireolaíochta (genitive indefinite singular)
oireolaíocht (dative indefinite singular)
an oireolaíocht (definite nominative singular)
na hoireolaíochta (definite genitive singular)
leis an oireolaíocht (dative definite singular)
don oireolaíocht (dative definite singular)
oireolaíocht
n-oireolaíocht
hoireolaíocht


Fall Line

de-noun

Fall Line f (genitive Fall Line, plural Fall Lines)

Fall Line (genitive)
Fall Lines (plural)
Fall Line (nominative singular)
Fall Lines (definite nominative plural)
Fall Line (genitive singular)
Fall Lines (definite genitive plural)
Fall Line (dative singular)
Fall Lines (dative definite plural)
Fall Line (accusative singular)
Fall Lines (accusative definite plural)


illlendi

fo-noun

illlendi n (genitive singular illlendis, plural illlendi or illlendir)

illlendis (genitive singular)
illlendi (plural)
illlendir (plural)
illlendi (indefinite nominative singular)
illlendið (definite nominative singular)
illlendi (indefinite nominative plural)
illlendir (indefinite nominative plural)
illlendini (definite nominative plural)
illlendi (accusative indefinite singular)
illlendið (accusative definite singular)
illlendi (accusative indefinite plural)
illlendir (accusative indefinite plural)
illlendini (accusative definite plural)
illlendi (dative indefinite singular)
illlendnum (dative definite singular)
illlendinum (dative definite singular)
illlendum (dative indefinite plural)
illlendunum (dative definite plural)
illlendis (genitive indefinite singular)
illlendisins (definite genitive singular)
illlenda (genitive indefinite plural)
illlendanna (definite genitive plural)


abaxada

lad-noun

abaxada f (Hebrew spelling אבאשאדֿה, plural abaxadas)

אבאשאדֿה (Hebrew)
abaxadas (plural)
abashada (alternative)
abashade (alternative)
abachada (alternative)
abaşada (alternative)
אבאשאדֿה (alternative)
אבאשאדי (alternative)

Feminine form of abaxado, from the past participle of abaxar (“to go down”).

(geomorphology) slope, descent, downward slope or declivity


epirogénese

epirogéneses (plural)
epirogênese (alternative Brazil)

(geomorphology) epeirogenesis (formation of continents, basins and plateaus via movements of Earth’s crust)


gorja

Borrowed from French gorge. Doublet of gorga.


orologia

(geomorphology) orology (the study of mountains)


inselberg

en-noun

inselberg (plural inselbergs or inselberge)

/ˈɪnsəlˌbɜːɡ/

/ˈɪnsəlˌbɝɡ/

From German Inselberg, from Insel (“island”) + Berg (“mountain”).

Click: forest elephant, stern and alert. Click: humpback whale, breaching skyward like a frisky trout. Click: Gaboon viper, its big coppery head so close to the lens you could almost feel the flick of its tongue. Click: granite inselberg, like a great igneous gumdrop, protruding above forest canopy. Click: bulge-eyed hippopotamus, almost unrecognizably strange and serene, riding a wave along the Atlantic coast.

2003, David Quammen, “Saving Africa's Eden”, in National Geographic, volume 204, number 3:

From the north, the road into Nigeria’s purpose-built capital is strewn with inselbergs, vast monolithic stone outcrops that rise abruptly out of the lush savannah. At the centre of the country, the city became the seat of government in 1991 after Lagos had become too crowded and chaotic.

2015 July 24, William Wallis, “What is next for Nigeria?”, in Financial Times:

Ground penetrating radar can map the foundation of Gulem menhir and establish its identity either as a natural geological oddity, a natural inselberg or a manmade menhir.

2016 December 4, “Archaeological Mystery of Gulem Menhir”, in The Navhind Times:

(geomorphology) A monadnock (isolated mountain).


antiduna

/ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃiˈdũ.nɐ/

/ˌɐ̃.t͡ʃiˈdũ.nɐ/

(geomorphology) antidune (a bedform opposing the direction of fluvial flow)


営力

[e̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟]

外的営力

外的営力 がいてきえいりょく

内的営力

内的営力 ないてきえいりょく


terracette

(geomorphology) A type of landform, a ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill.


downhill creep

(geomorphology) The slow downward progression of rock and soil down a low-grade slope.


soil creep

soil creep (countable and uncountable, plural soil creeps)


contrafort

From contra + fort. Calque of French contrefort.


cárcava

From cárcavo, from cácabo, itself from Latin cācabus (“cooking pot”).


vassdrag

vassdrag n (definite singular vassdraget, indefinite plural vassdrag, definite plural vassdraga or vassdragene)

vassdraget (definite singular)
vassdrag (indefinite plural)
vassdraga (definite plural)
vassdragene (definite plural)

(geomorphology) drainage system, river system


vassdrag

vassdrag n (definite singular vassdraget, indefinite plural vassdrag, definite plural vassdraga)

vassdraget (definite singular)
vassdrag (indefinite plural)
vassdraga (definite plural)


drainage system

drainage system (plural drainage systems)

(geomorphology) pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin


knickpoint

knickpoints (plural)
nickpoint (alternative)

(geomorphology) Part of a river or channel where there is a sharp change in slope, such as a waterfall or lake.


palaeoaeolian

en-adj

palaeoaeolian (comparative more palaeoaeolian, superlative most palaeoaeolian)

more palaeoaeolian (comparative)
most palaeoaeolian (superlative)
paleoeolian (alternative)
palaeo-aeolian (alternative)
paleo-eolian (alternative)
paleoaeolian (alternative)
palaeo-eolian (alternative)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:palaeoaeolian.

(geomorphology, climatology) Relating to, or caused by, ancient winds

muinaisten tuulten (+ agent participle of a verb; literally "by ancient winds")


paleoplain

paleoplains (plural)
palaeoplain (alternative)

(geology, geomorphology) A buried erosion plain; a particularly large and flat erosion surface.


etchplanation

Deep weathering and etchplanation can occur in the humid sub-tropics (Tricart, 1972) and a humid sub-tropical Britain in Tertiary times is possible.

1985, Richard Hugh Johnson, The Geomorphology of North-west England, page 52:

(geology, geomorphology) The process of subsurface weathering or etching which creates etchplains.


etchplain

Lateritized etchplains are surfaces of low relief underlain by extensive primary laterite deposits.

1969, Michael Frederic Thomas, Environment and land use in Africa, page 127:

(geology, geomorphology) A plain (area of land, not necessarily flat) where bedrock has been subject to extensive etching or subsurface weathering.


mouth bar

1980 [Burgess Publishing], George deVries Klein, Sandstone Depositional Models for Exploration for Fossil Fuels, 2nd Edition, 1982, International Human Resources Development Corp., page 111,
The best targets for exploration for oil and gas in deltas are the distributary mouth bar sand complexes and the destructive-phase, transgressive barrier sands.

In the axial zone of delta mouth bars, fluvial processes dominate.

1991, D. J. P. Swift, S. Phillips, J. A. Thorne, “Sedimention on continental margins, IV: lithofacies and depositional systems”, in D. J. P. Swift, G. F. Oertel, R. W. Tillman, J. A. Thorne, editors, Shelf Sand and Sandstone Bodies: Geometry, Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy, Blackwell Scientific, page 110:

2017, Yong He, Chen Lu, Jiaquan Deng, Yugui Yang, Liuzhu Yang, Evolution of Modaomen Bar at Pearl River Esuary, Silke Wieprecht, Stefan Haun, Karolin Weber, Markus Noack, Kristina Terheiden (editors), River Sedimentation: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on River Sedimentation, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 212,
The mouth bar is located at the key part of the river estuary. […] At the beginning of the 20th century, the mouth bar is at the Hengzhou-Dajingjiao Gorge. […] At present, the mouth bar is located at the south side of the Jiaobeisha-Shilansha line.

(geomorphology) A bar that forms in the middle of an estuary or of a channel in a river delta.


rewa

rewa (nominative singular)
rewy (nominative plural)
rewy (genitive singular)
rew (genitive plural)
rewie (dative singular)
rewom (dative plural)
rewę (accusative singular)
rewy (accusative plural)
rewą (instrumental singular)
rewami (instrumental plural)
rewie (locative singular)
rewach (locative plural)
rewo (singular vocative)
rewy (plural vocative)

(geomorphology, oceanography) sandbank, sandbar, sandridge, shoal (natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material and rises from the bed of a body of water to near the surface)


ławica

ławiczka (diminutive)
ławica (nominative singular)
ławice (nominative plural)
ławicy (genitive singular)
ławic (genitive plural)
ławicy (dative singular)
ławicom (dative plural)
ławicę (accusative singular)
ławice (accusative plural)
ławicą (instrumental singular)
ławicami (instrumental plural)
ławicy (locative singular)
ławicach (locative plural)
ławico (singular vocative)
ławice (plural vocative)


przewieszenie

przewieszenie (nominative singular)
przewieszenia (nominative plural)
przewieszenia (genitive singular)
przewieszeń (genitive plural)
przewieszeniu (dative singular)
przewieszeniom (dative plural)
przewieszenie (accusative singular)
przewieszenia (accusative plural)
przewieszeniem (instrumental singular)
przewieszeniami (instrumental plural)
przewieszeniu (locative singular)
przewieszeniach (locative plural)
przewieszenie (singular vocative)
przewieszenia (plural vocative)

/pʂɛ.vjɛˈʂɛ.ɲɛ/


przewieszka

przewieszka (nominative singular)
przewieszki (nominative plural)
przewieszki (genitive singular)
przewieszek (genitive plural)
przewieszce (dative singular)
przewieszkom (dative plural)
przewieszkę (accusative singular)
przewieszki (accusative plural)
przewieszką (instrumental singular)
przewieszkami (instrumental plural)
przewieszce (locative singular)
przewieszkach (locative plural)
przewieszko (singular vocative)
przewieszki (plural vocative)


bystrzyna

bystrzyna (nominative singular)
bystrzyny (nominative plural)
bystrzyny (genitive singular)
bystrzyn (genitive plural)
bystrzynie (dative singular)
bystrzynom (dative plural)
bystrzynę (accusative singular)
bystrzyny (accusative plural)
bystrzyną (instrumental singular)
bystrzynami (instrumental plural)
bystrzynie (locative singular)
bystrzynach (locative plural)
bystrzyno (singular vocative)
bystrzyny (plural vocative)

(geomorphology) riffle, rapids (river section)


bystrzyca

bystrzyca (nominative singular)
bystrzyce (nominative plural)
bystrzycy (genitive singular)
bystrzyc (genitive plural)
bystrzycy (dative singular)
bystrzycom (dative plural)
bystrzycę (accusative singular)
bystrzyce (accusative plural)
bystrzycą (instrumental singular)
bystrzycami (instrumental plural)
bystrzycy (locative singular)
bystrzycach (locative plural)
bystrzyco (singular vocative)
bystrzyce (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bystrica. By surface analysis, bystry + -ica.


bystrze

bystrze (nominative singular)
bystrza (nominative plural)
bystrza (genitive singular)
bystrzy (genitive plural)
bystrzu (dative singular)
bystrzom (dative plural)
bystrze (accusative singular)
bystrza (accusative plural)
bystrzem (instrumental singular)
bystrzami (instrumental plural)
bystrzu (locative singular)
bystrzach (locative plural)
bystrze (singular vocative)
bystrza (plural vocative)


jyrkänparras

jyrkänparras (nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaat (nominative plural)
jyrkänparras (accusative nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaat (accusative nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaan (accusative genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaat (accusative genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaan (genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaiden (genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaitten (genitive plural)
jyrkänparrasten (genitive plural rare)
jyrkänparrasta (partitive singular)
jyrkänpartaita (partitive plural)
jyrkänpartaassa (inessive singular)
jyrkänpartaissa (inessive plural)
jyrkänpartaasta (elative singular)
jyrkänpartaista (elative plural)
jyrkänpartaaseen (illative singular)
jyrkänpartaisiin (illative plural)
jyrkänpartaihin (illative plural rare)
jyrkänpartaalla (adessive singular)
jyrkänpartailla (adessive plural)
jyrkänpartaalta (ablative singular)
jyrkänpartailta (ablative plural)
jyrkänpartaalle (allative singular)
jyrkänpartaille (allative plural)
jyrkänpartaana (essive singular)
jyrkänpartaina (essive plural)
jyrkänpartaaksi (singular translative)
jyrkänpartaiksi (plural translative)
jyrkänpartaatta (abessive singular)
jyrkänpartaitta (abessive plural)
jyrkänpartain (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
jyrkänpartaani (nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaani (nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaani (accusative nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaani (accusative nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaani (accusative genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaani (accusative genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaani (genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaideni (genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaitteni (genitive plural)
jyrkänparrasteni (genitive plural rare)
jyrkänparrastani (partitive singular)
jyrkänpartaitani (partitive plural)
jyrkänpartaassani (inessive singular)
jyrkänpartaissani (inessive plural)
jyrkänpartaastani (elative singular)
jyrkänpartaistani (elative plural)
jyrkänpartaaseeni (illative singular)
jyrkänpartaisiini (illative plural)
jyrkänpartaihini (illative plural rare)
jyrkänpartaallani (adessive singular)
jyrkänpartaillani (adessive plural)
jyrkänpartaaltani (ablative singular)
jyrkänpartailtani (ablative plural)
jyrkänpartaalleni (allative singular)
jyrkänpartailleni (allative plural)
jyrkänpartaanani (essive singular)
jyrkänpartainani (essive plural)
jyrkänpartaakseni (singular translative)
jyrkänpartaikseni (plural translative)
jyrkänpartaattani (abessive singular)
jyrkänpartaittani (abessive plural)
jyrkänpartaineni (comitative plural)
jyrkänpartaasi (nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaasi (nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaasi (accusative nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaasi (accusative nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaasi (accusative genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaasi (accusative genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaasi (genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaidesi (genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaittesi (genitive plural)
jyrkänparrastesi (genitive plural rare)
jyrkänparrastasi (partitive singular)
jyrkänpartaitasi (partitive plural)
jyrkänpartaassasi (inessive singular)
jyrkänpartaissasi (inessive plural)
jyrkänpartaastasi (elative singular)
jyrkänpartaistasi (elative plural)
jyrkänpartaaseesi (illative singular)
jyrkänpartaisiisi (illative plural)
jyrkänpartaihisi (illative plural rare)
jyrkänpartaallasi (adessive singular)
jyrkänpartaillasi (adessive plural)
jyrkänpartaaltasi (ablative singular)
jyrkänpartailtasi (ablative plural)
jyrkänpartaallesi (allative singular)
jyrkänpartaillesi (allative plural)
jyrkänpartaanasi (essive singular)
jyrkänpartainasi (essive plural)
jyrkänpartaaksesi (singular translative)
jyrkänpartaiksesi (plural translative)
jyrkänpartaattasi (abessive singular)
jyrkänpartaittasi (abessive plural)
jyrkänpartainesi (comitative plural)
jyrkänpartaamme (nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaamme (nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaamme (accusative nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaamme (accusative nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaamme (accusative genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaamme (accusative genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaamme (genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaidemme (genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaittemme (genitive plural)
jyrkänparrastemme (genitive plural rare)
jyrkänparrastamme (partitive singular)
jyrkänpartaitamme (partitive plural)
jyrkänpartaassamme (inessive singular)
jyrkänpartaissamme (inessive plural)
jyrkänpartaastamme (elative singular)
jyrkänpartaistamme (elative plural)
jyrkänpartaaseemme (illative singular)
jyrkänpartaisiimme (illative plural)
jyrkänpartaihimme (illative plural rare)
jyrkänpartaallamme (adessive singular)
jyrkänpartaillamme (adessive plural)
jyrkänpartaaltamme (ablative singular)
jyrkänpartailtamme (ablative plural)
jyrkänpartaallemme (allative singular)
jyrkänpartaillemme (allative plural)
jyrkänpartaanamme (essive singular)
jyrkänpartainamme (essive plural)
jyrkänpartaaksemme (singular translative)
jyrkänpartaiksemme (plural translative)
jyrkänpartaattamme (abessive singular)
jyrkänpartaittamme (abessive plural)
jyrkänpartainemme (comitative plural)
jyrkänpartaanne (nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaanne (nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaanne (accusative nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaanne (accusative nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaanne (accusative genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaanne (accusative genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaanne (genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaidenne (genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaittenne (genitive plural)
jyrkänparrastenne (genitive plural rare)
jyrkänparrastanne (partitive singular)
jyrkänpartaitanne (partitive plural)
jyrkänpartaassanne (inessive singular)
jyrkänpartaissanne (inessive plural)
jyrkänpartaastanne (elative singular)
jyrkänpartaistanne (elative plural)
jyrkänpartaaseenne (illative singular)
jyrkänpartaisiinne (illative plural)
jyrkänpartaihinne (illative plural rare)
jyrkänpartaallanne (adessive singular)
jyrkänpartaillanne (adessive plural)
jyrkänpartaaltanne (ablative singular)
jyrkänpartailtanne (ablative plural)
jyrkänpartaallenne (allative singular)
jyrkänpartaillenne (allative plural)
jyrkänpartaananne (essive singular)
jyrkänpartainanne (essive plural)
jyrkänpartaaksenne (singular translative)
jyrkänpartaiksenne (plural translative)
jyrkänpartaattanne (abessive singular)
jyrkänpartaittanne (abessive plural)
jyrkänpartainenne (comitative plural)
jyrkänpartaansa (nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaansa (nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaansa (accusative nominative singular)
jyrkänpartaansa (accusative nominative plural)
jyrkänpartaansa (accusative genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaansa (accusative genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaansa (genitive singular)
jyrkänpartaidensa (genitive plural)
jyrkänpartaittensa (genitive plural)
jyrkänparrastensa (genitive plural rare)
jyrkänparrastaan (partitive singular)
jyrkänparrastansa (partitive singular)
jyrkänpartaitaan (partitive plural)
jyrkänpartaitansa (partitive plural)
jyrkänpartaassaan (inessive singular)
jyrkänpartaassansa (inessive singular)
jyrkänpartaissaan (inessive plural)
jyrkänpartaissansa (inessive plural)
jyrkänpartaastaan (elative singular)
jyrkänpartaastansa (elative singular)
jyrkänpartaistaan (elative plural)
jyrkänpartaistansa (elative plural)
jyrkänpartaaseensa (illative singular)
jyrkänpartaisiinsa (illative plural)
jyrkänpartaihinsa (illative plural rare)
jyrkänpartaallaan (adessive singular)
jyrkänpartaallansa (adessive singular)
jyrkänpartaillaan (adessive plural)
jyrkänpartaillansa (adessive plural)
jyrkänpartaaltaan (ablative singular)
jyrkänpartaaltansa (ablative singular)
jyrkänpartailtaan (ablative plural)
jyrkänpartailtansa (ablative plural)
jyrkänpartaalleen (allative singular)
jyrkänpartaallensa (allative singular)
jyrkänpartailleen (allative plural)
jyrkänpartaillensa (allative plural)
jyrkänpartaanaan (essive singular)
jyrkänpartaanansa (essive singular)
jyrkänpartainaan (essive plural)
jyrkänpartainansa (essive plural)
jyrkänpartaakseen (singular translative)
jyrkänpartaaksensa (singular translative)
jyrkänpartaikseen (plural translative)
jyrkänpartaiksensa (plural translative)
jyrkänpartaattaan (abessive singular)
jyrkänpartaattansa (abessive singular)
jyrkänpartaittaan (abessive plural)
jyrkänpartaittansa (abessive plural)
jyrkänpartaineen (comitative plural)
jyrkänpartainensa (comitative plural)

[ˈjyrk̟æmˌpɑ̝rːɑ̝s̠]

(geomorphology) an underwater bluff formed from accumulated matter from the bank


аркъа

head

аркъа • (arqa)

kum-noun

аркъа • (arqa)

arqa (romanization)
аркъа (nominative singular)
аркъалар (nominative plural)
аркъаны (accusative singular)
аркъаланы (accusative plural)
аркъагъа (dative singular)
аркъалагъа (dative plural)
аркъада (locative singular)
аркъаларда (locative plural)
аркъадан (ablative singular)
аркъалардан (ablative plural)
аркъаны (genitive singular)
аркъаланы (genitive plural)
аркъаым (first-person nominative singular)
аркъаларым (first-person nominative)
аркъаымны (accusative first-person singular)
аркъаларымны (accusative first-person)
аркъаымгъа (dative first-person singular)
аркъаларыма (dative first-person)
аркъаымда (first-person locative singular)
аркъаларымда (first-person locative)
аркъаымдан (ablative first-person singular)
аркъаларымдан (ablative first-person)
аркъаымны (first-person genitive singular)
аркъаларымны (first-person genitive)
аркъаыбыз (first-person nominative)
аркъаларыбыз (first-person nominative plural)
аркъаыбызны (accusative first-person)
аркъаларыбызны (accusative first-person plural)
аркъаыбызгъа (dative first-person)
аркъаларыбызгъа (dative first-person plural)
аркъаыбызда (first-person locative)
аркъаларыбызда (first-person locative plural)
аркъаыбыздан (ablative first-person)
аркъаларыбыздан (ablative first-person plural)
аркъаыбызны (first-person genitive)
аркъаларыбызны (first-person genitive plural)
аркъаынгъ (nominative second-person singular)
аркъаларынгъ (nominative second-person)
аркъаынгъны (accusative second-person singular)
аркъаларынгъны (accusative second-person)
аркъаынгъа (dative second-person singular)
аркъаларынгъа (dative second-person)
аркъаынгъда (locative second-person singular)
аркъаларынгъда (locative second-person)
аркъаынгъдан (ablative second-person singular)
аркъаларынгъдан (ablative second-person)
аркъаынгъны (genitive second-person singular)
аркъаларынгъны (genitive second-person)
аркъаыгъыз (nominative second-person)
аркъаларыгъыз (nominative plural second-person)
аркъаыгъызны (accusative second-person)
аркъаларыгъызны (accusative plural second-person)
аркъаыгъызгъа (dative second-person)
аркъаларыгъызгъа (dative plural second-person)
аркъаыгъызда (locative second-person)
аркъаларыгъызда (locative plural second-person)
аркъаыгъыздан (ablative second-person)
аркъаларыбыздан (ablative plural second-person)
аркъаыгъызны (genitive second-person)
аркъаларыгъызны (genitive plural second-person)
аркъаы (nominative singular third-person)
аркъалары (nominative plural third-person)
аркъаын (accusative singular third-person)
аркъаларын (accusative plural third-person)
аркъаына (dative singular third-person)
аркъаларына (dative plural third-person)
аркъаында (locative singular third-person)
аркъаларында (locative plural third-person)
аркъаындан (ablative singular third-person)
аркъаларындан (ablative plural third-person)
аркъаыны (genitive singular third-person)
аркъаларыны (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *arka (“back”), cognate with Turkish arka, Azerbaijani arxa.

аркъасалагъан

traditional felt back-pad for water carriers

Дагъ аркъасы


szypot

szypot (nominative singular)
szypoty (nominative plural)
szypotu (genitive singular)
szypotów (genitive plural)
szypotowi (dative singular)
szypotom (dative plural)
szypot (accusative singular)
szypoty (accusative plural)
szypotem (instrumental singular)
szypotami (instrumental plural)
szypocie (locative singular)
szypotach (locative plural)
szypocie (singular vocative)
szypoty (plural vocative)

Derived from Proto-Slavic *šьpъtъ, likely via dialectal Ukrainian ши́піт (šýpit). Doublet of szept.

(geomorphology) riffle (swift, shallow part of a stream)

(geomorphology) knickpoint (part of a river or channel where there is a sharp change in slope, such as a waterfall or lake)


kuesta

kuesta (nominative singular)
kuesty (nominative plural)
kuesty (genitive singular)
kuest (genitive plural)
kueście (dative singular)
kuestom (dative plural)
kuestę (accusative singular)
kuesty (accusative plural)
kuestą (instrumental singular)
kuestami (instrumental plural)
kueście (locative singular)
kuestach (locative plural)
kuesto (singular vocative)
kuesty (plural vocative)

(geomorphology) cuesta (hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side, and a steep slope on the other)


glacial trough

(geomorphology) A valley that resembles the letter U, that is formed by the process of glaciation.


poroh

pl-noun

poroh m inan (related adjective porohowy)

porohowy (adjective)
poroh (nominative singular)
porohy (nominative plural)
porohu (genitive singular)
porohów (genitive plural)
porohowi (dative singular)
porohom (dative plural)
poroh (accusative singular)
porohy (accusative plural)
porohem (instrumental singular)
porohami (instrumental plural)
porohu (locative singular)
porohach (locative plural)
porohu (singular vocative)
porohy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian поро́ги (poróhy). Doublet of próg.


curullar

ca-verb

curullar (first-person singular present curullo, first-person singular preterite curullí, past participle curullat)

curullo (first-person present singular)
curullí (first-person preterite singular)
curullat (participle past)
curullar (infinitive)
curullant (gerund)
curullat (masculine participle past singular)
curullada (feminine participle past singular)
curullats (masculine participle past plural)
curullades (feminine participle past plural)
curullo (first-person indicative present singular)
curulles (indicative present second-person singular)
curulla (indicative present singular third-person)
curullem (first-person indicative plural present)
curulleu (indicative plural present second-person)
curullen (indicative plural present third-person)
curullava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
curullaves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
curullava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
curullàvem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
curullàveu (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
curullaven (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
curullaré (first-person future indicative singular)
curullaràs (future indicative second-person singular)
curullarà (future indicative singular third-person)
curullarem (first-person future indicative plural)
curullareu (future indicative plural second-person)
curullaran (future indicative plural third-person)
curullí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
curullares (indicative preterite second-person singular)
curullà (indicative preterite singular third-person)
curullàrem (first-person indicative plural preterite)
curullàreu (indicative plural preterite second-person)
curullaren (indicative plural preterite third-person)
curullaria (conditional first-person indicative singular)
curullaries (conditional indicative second-person singular)
curullaria (conditional indicative singular third-person)
curullaríem (conditional first-person indicative plural)
curullaríeu (conditional indicative plural second-person)
curullarien (conditional indicative plural third-person)
curulli (first-person present singular subjunctive)
curullis (present second-person singular subjunctive)
curulli (present singular subjunctive third-person)
curullem (first-person plural present subjunctive)
curulleu (plural present second-person subjunctive)
curullin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
curullés (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
curullessis (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
curullés (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
curulléssim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
curulléssiu (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
curullessin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
curulla (imperative second-person)
curulli (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular)
curullem (first-person imperative plural)
curulleu (imperative plural second-person)
curullin (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically)
no curullis (imperative negative second-person)
no curulli (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular)
no curullem (first-person imperative negative plural)
no curulleu (imperative negative plural second-person)
no curullin (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically)

La vall es va curullar amb sediment.

(geomorphology, pronominal) to fill up, to fill in


Mauvaises Terres

desctree

→ English: badlands, badland, Bad Lands (archaic) (calque)
→ Esperanto: badlandoj
→ German: Badlands
→ French: badlands
→ Spanish: badlands

A l'époque où ces événements se produisirent, je revenais d'une exploration scientifique entreprise dans les mauvaises terres du Nebraska, aux États-Unis.

1870, Jules Verne, chapter 2, in Vingt Mille Lieues Sous Les Mers [Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas], Paris: J. Hetzel et Compagnie, part 1:


เขาโดด

th-noun

เขาโดด • (kǎo-dòot)

From เขา (kǎo, “hill, mountain”) + โดด (dòot, “lone”).


wywierzysko

wywierzysko (nominative singular)
wywierzyska (nominative plural)
wywierzyska (genitive singular)
wywierzysk (genitive plural)
wywierzysku (dative singular)
wywierzyskom (dative plural)
wywierzysko (accusative singular)
wywierzyska (accusative plural)
wywierzyskem (instrumental singular)
wywierzyskami (instrumental plural)
wywierzysku (locative singular)
wywierzyskach (locative plural)
wywierzysko (singular vocative)
wywierzyska (plural vocative)

(geomorphology, obsolete) dune, hillock, knoll


pressure ridge

(geomorphology) An oceanic or coastal area, composed of ice fragments within pack ice, forms as sea ice floes accumulate due to convergence.


gramadulla

the word “gramadulla” […] seemed to express just the bleak desolation of those grey-capped masses of rock and the wild labyrinth of those innumerable gorges and ravines.

1958, Henno Martin, translated by Edward Fitzgerald, The Sheltering Desert, New York: Thomas Nelson, pages 65-66:

1971, Jillian Becker, The Union, London: Chatto & Windus, Chapter 4, p. 248,
Perhaps it was Lisa, who had become a huntress, who chased him on; across the plains and down the gramadulla gorges, and through the shade of granite dykes.

ephemeral rivers like the Swakop are deeply incised into the plains, producing gorges and areas of badlands (locally called gramadullas)

2002, Andrew Goudie, chapter 6, in Great Warm Deserts of the World: Landscapes and Evolution, Oxford University Press, page 155:

(geomorphology, Namibia) Arid terrain characterized by numerous alternating canyons and gorges.


通谷

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(geomorphology) through valley (valley eroded between larger valleys by glacial ice or meltwater)


through valley

(geomorphology) A valley eroded between larger valleys by glacial ice or meltwater.


spełzywanie

spełzywanie (nominative singular)
spełzywania (genitive singular)
spełzywaniu (dative singular)
spełzywanie (accusative singular)
spełzywaniem (instrumental singular)
spełzywaniu (locative singular)
spełzywanie (singular vocative)


reptació

From Latin rēptātio, from rēptō (“I crawl”).


moundfield

(geomorphology) An area of land covered in mounds, often produced by animals.


V-shaped valley

en-noun

V-shaped valley (plural V-shaped valleys)

(geomorphology) A valley that resembles the letter V and is formed by erosion from a river or stream over time.


marzłoć

marzłoć (nominative singular)
marzłocie (nominative plural)
marzłoci (genitive singular)
marzłoci (genitive plural)
marzłoci (dative singular)
marzłociom (dative plural)
marzłoć (accusative singular)
marzłocie (accusative plural)
marzłocią (instrumental singular)
marzłociami (instrumental plural)
marzłoci (locative singular)
marzłociach (locative plural)
marzłoci (singular vocative)
marzłocie (plural vocative)

From marzły + -oć. Compare Russian мерзлота́ (merzlotá).

(usually in the singular, geomorphology) permafrost (permanently frozen ground)