day

days (plural)
daie (alternative obsolete)
daye (alternative obsolete)

Sranan Tongo: dei

Etymology tree
Middle English day
English day
Inherited from Middle English day, from Old English dæġ (“day”), from Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz (“day”); see there for more.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Dai (“day”), West Frisian dei (“day”), Dutch dag (“day”), German Low German Dag (“day”), Alemannic German Däi (“day”), German Tag (“day”), Swedish, Norwegian and Danish dag (“day”), Icelandic dagur (“day”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags, “day”). Possible cognates beyond Germanic relatives include Albanian djeg (“to burn”), Lithuanian degti (“to burn”), Tocharian A tsäk-, Russian жечь (žečʹ, “to burn”), Sanskrit दाह (dāhá, “heat”), दहति (dáhati, “to burn”), Latin foveō (“to warm, keep warm, incubate”).
Latin diēs, Russian день (denʹ), Lithuanian dienà are false cognates; they all derive from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to shine”).

cog

any day of the week and twice on Sundays

even a stopped clock is right twice a day

every day of the week and twice on Sundays

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof

Your 8am forecast: The high for the day will be 30 and the low, before dawn, will be 10.

(informal or meteorology) A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.


ablation

en-noun

ablation (countable and uncountable, plural ablations)

From Late Middle English ablacioun (“removal”), from Late Latin ablātiō (“a taking away”), from auferō (“to take away, carry off, withdraw, remove”) + -tiō (“-tion”, nominal suffix). Doublet of ablatio. Compare French ablation. By surface analysis, ablat(e) + -ion.

af

(sciences) The progressive removal of material by any of a variety of processes such as melting or vaporization under heat or chipping.

(meteorology) The depletion of surface snow and ice from a spacecraft or meteorite through melting and evaporation caused by aerodynamic heating.


today

todays (plural)
to-day (alternative archaic)
to day (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English today, to-daie, todæig, from Old English tōdæġ, tō dæġe (“today”, literally “on [the/this] day, [this] day forward”), equivalent to to + day. Compare Saterland Frisian däälich (“today”), Dutch vandaag (“today”), Old Saxon hindag (“today”, literally “[this] day forward”), German Low German vandage, vandaag (“today”), Swedish i dag, idag (“today”).

ma

mostly in set phrases, otherwise literary

never put off until tomorrow what you can do today

(informal or meteorology) The 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise of the current day.


spring

en-noun

spring (countable and uncountable, plural springs)

Arlington Springs Man
Beijing Spring
Berber Spring
Croatian Spring
Damascus Spring
Operation Spring Awakening
Operation Spring Cleanup
Operation Spring of Youth
Prague Spring
Spring Palace
Spring of Nations
Springbal
Springfest
The Spring Offensive
spring

From Middle English spryng (“a wellspring, tide, branch, sunrise, kind of dance or blow, ulcer, snare, flock”); partly from Old English spring (“wellspring, ulcer”), from Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz (“a wellspring, fount”); and partly from Old English spryng (“a jump”), from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz (“a jump”). Further senses derived from the verb and from clippings of day-spring, springtime, spring tide, etc. Its sense as the season, first attested in a work predating 1325, gradually replaced Middle English lente, lentin, from Old English lencten (“spring, Lent”) as that word became more specifically liturgical. Compare fall.

ааԥын

season between winter and summer in temperate climates

I spent my spring holidays in Morocco.

The spring issue will be out next week.

(countable, uncountable) The season of the year in temperate regions in which temperatures and daylight hours rise, and plants spring from the ground and into bloom and dormant animals spring to life.

(meteorology) The three months of March, April, and May in the Northern Hemisphere and September, October, and November in the Southern Hemisphere.

про́лет

the three months March to May (N. Hem.) or September to November (S. Hem.)


zero

From Spanish zero (now cero), Middle French zero (modern French zéro), and their etymon Italian zero, from Medieval Latin zephirum, from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “nothing, cipher”), itself calqued from (semantic loan) Sanskrit शून्य (śūnya, “void, nothingness”). Doublet of cipher and chiffre.

der

(meteorology) Of a cloud ceiling, limiting vision to 50 feet (15 meters) or less.

nolla

meteorology: of a cloud ceiling: limiting vision to 50 feet (15 meters) or less

(meteorology) Of horizontal visibility, limited to 165 feet (50.3 meters) or less.

nolla

meteorology: of horizontal visibility: limited to 165 feet (50.3 meters) or less


FBI

→ Arabic: إِف بِي أَي (ʔif bī ʔay)

→ Bulgarian: ФБР (FBR)

→ Dutch: FBI

→ French: FBI

→ Galician: FBI

desc

→ Hindi: एफ़ बी आई (ef bī āī)

→ Hindi: एफ़ बी आई (ef bī āī)

→ Indonesian: FBI

→ Japanese: エフ・ビー・アイ

→ Japanese: エフ・ビー・アイ

→ Marathi: एफ्.बी.आय्. (eph.bī.āy.)

→ Persian: افبیآی

→ Portuguese: FBI

→ Romanian: FBI

→ Russian: ФБР (FBR)

→ Thai: เอฟบีไอ

→ Thai: เอฟบีไอ

(Australia, weather, firefighting) fire behaviour index


few

head

few (comparative fewer or less, superlative fewest or least)

fewer (comparative)
less (comparative)
fewest (superlative)
least (superlative)

From Middle English fewe, from Old English fēaw (“few”), from Proto-West Germanic *fau, from Proto-Germanic *fawaz (“few”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”).
Cognate with Old Saxon fā (“few”), Old High German fao, fō (“few, little”), Old Norse fár (“few”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍃 (faus, “few”). Also related with Latin paucus (“little, few”) and pauper (“poor”), from which latter English poor and pauper; see these.

der

you've got to crack a few eggs to make an omelette

Tonight: A few clouds. Increasing cloudiness overnight.

NOAA definition of the term "few clouds": An official sky cover classification for aviation weather observations, descriptive of a sky cover of 1/8 to 2/8. This is applied only when obscuring phenomena aloft are present--that is, not when obscuring phenomena are surface-based, such as fog.

(meteorology, of clouds) Obscuring one to two oktas (eighths) of the sky.

selkeä (see: pilvisyys)

meteorology: obscuring 1-2 eighths of the sky

(meteorology, of rainfall with regard to a location) (US?) Having a 10 percent chance of measurable precipitation (0.01 inch); used interchangeably with isolated.


derecho

/dəˈɹeɪ.t͡ʃoʊ/

Learned borrowing from Spanish derecho (“straight”). First used by Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs in 1888, apparently coined to distinguish the winds from tornadoes, which rotate; compare tornado. Doublet of direct.

lbor

Combining all of the above, the Arkansas Valley, Ouachita Mountains, Interior Plateau, and Southwest Appalachian ecoregions have the greatest risk of wind damage from tornadoes and derechos, whereas weakening hurricanes are an important disturbance, especially in the Piedmont ecoregion.

2015, Chris J. Peterson, Jeffery B. Cannon, Christopher M. Godfrey, “5: First Steps Toward Defining the Wind Disturbance Regime in Central Hardwoods Forests”, in Cathryn H. Greenberg, Beverly S. Collins, editors, Natural Disturbances and Historic Range of Variation, Springer, page 116:

Derechos have winds as powerful as those of some hurricanes and tornadoes. "Derecho" comes from the Spanish word meaning "straight."

2016, Bill Streever, And Soon I Heard a Roaring Wind, Hachette, unnumbered page:

A derecho can be as destructive as a weak to moderate tornado, but the damage is mainly the result of straight-line rather than rotating winds.
However, tornadoes can also form along the bow of a derecho. Derechos can sometimes be recognized as a bank of ominous-looking "shelf" clouds that appear darker than normal clouds.

2022, Alexander Gates, Earth's Fury, Wiley, unnumbered page:

(meteorology, US) A windstorm characterized by strong, straight-line winds.

dereĉo

windstorm with strong straight-line winds


absorption

en-noun

absorption (countable and uncountable, plural absorptions)

First attested in 1597. From Latin absorptiō (“a sucking in”), from absorbeō (“absorb”). Morphologically absorb + -tion.

اِسْتِيعَاب

act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything

абсо́рбция

act or process of being absorbed and made to disappear

The act or process of absorbing or of being absorbed as,

(meteorology) The process in which incident radiant energy is retained by a substance (such as an air mass) by conversion to some other form of energy (such as heat).


storm

→ Esperanto: ŝtormo

→ Irish: stoirm

→ Scottish Gaelic: stoirm

From Middle English storm (“disturbed state of the atmosphere; heavy precipitation; battle, conflict; attack”) [and other forms], from Old English storm (“tempest, storm; attack; storm of arrows; disquiet, disturbance, tumult, uproar; onrush, rush”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *sturm (“storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to propel; to urge on”). Related to stir.
Cognates
* Danish storm (“storm”)
* Dutch storm (“storm”)
* German Sturm (“storm”)
* Icelandic stormur (“storm”)
* Low German storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Bokmål storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk storm (“storm”)
* Scots storm (“storm”)
* Swedish storm (“storm”)
* West Frisian stoarm (“storm”)

nb...

starme, steorm, storem, storme, stourme, strom

storm

Any disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather, especially one affecting the earth's surface involving strong winds (leading to high waves at sea) and usually lightning, thunder, and precipitation; a tempest.

(meteorology) A disturbed state of the atmosphere between a severe or strong gale and a hurricane on the modern Beaufort scale, with a wind speed of between 89 and 102 kilometres per hour (55–63 miles per hour; 10 on the scale, known as a "storm" or whole gale), or of between 103 and 117 kilometres per hour (64–72 miles per hour; 11 on the scale, known as a "violent storm").


storm

storm (indefinite nominative singular)
storms (genitive indefinite singular)
stormen (definite nominative singular)
stormens (definite genitive singular)
stormar (indefinite nominative plural)
stormars (genitive indefinite plural)
stormarna (definite nominative plural)
stormarnas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish stormber, from Old Norse stormr, from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”).

inh

(meteorology) storm, whole gale (on the Beaufort scale)


close

en-adj

close (comparative closer, superlative closest)

closer (comparative)
closest (superlative)

open

antonym(s) of “articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate”

Borrowed from French clos, from Latin clausum, participle of claudō.

close only counts in horseshoes and darts

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc.

(Ireland, UK, weather) Hot, humid, with no wind.


invest

(meteorology) A designated area of disturbed weather that is being monitored for potential tropical cyclone development.


north

From Middle English north, from Old English norþ, from Proto-West Germanic *norþr, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nér (“below (the surface)”). The meaning developed either from "region where the sun is below (the earth)" or from "left side of someone who turns to the east when praying".
Cognate with various Germanic counterparts such as Dutch noord, West Frisian noard, German Nord, Danish and Norwegian nord; also with Greek νέρτερος (nérteros, “infernal, lower”) and Sanskrit नरक (naraka, “hell”)

cog

The north wind was cold.


east

westward

antonym(s) of “situated or lying in or towards the east”

From Middle English est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-West Germanic *austr, from Proto-Germanic *austrą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“east”). Compare West Frisian east, Dutch oost, German Ost, Danish øst, Norwegian Nynorsk aust, Swedish öst.

(meteorology) Blowing (as wind) from the east.


south

From Middle English south, from Old English sūþ, from Proto-West Germanic *sunþr, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą (whence also West Frisian súd, Dutch zuid, German Süd, Danish syd). Ultimately equivalent to sun + -ther (“-ward”).


west

PIE word
 *wek(ʷ)speros
From Middle English west, from Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.
Cognate with Scots wast, Saterland Frisian Wääste, West Frisian west, Dutch west, German West, Danish vest. Cognate also with Old French west, French ouest, Spanish oeste, Portuguese oeste, Catalan oest, Galician oeste, Italian ovest (all ultimately borrowings of the English word). Compare also Latin vesper (“evening”), with which it is possibly cognate via Proto-Indo-European.


cold

head

cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)

colde (plural)
colde (singular weak)
colder (comparative)
*coldest (superlative)
cald (alternative)
chald (alternative)
cheald (alternative)
cheld (alternative)
coold (alternative)

English: cold

Geordie English: cawd, cauld

Scots: cald, cauld

Yola: coale, khoal, cole

from the form stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn

Inherited from Anglian Old English cald; variants with ch- are from West Saxon ċeald.


warm

nl-adj

warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmst)

warmer (comparative)
warmst (superlative)
warm (adverbial positive predicative)
warmer (adverbial comparative predicative)
het warmst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het warmste (adverbial predicative superlative)
warme (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
warmere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
warmste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
warm (indefinite neuter positive singular)
warmer (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
warmste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
warme (indefinite plural positive)
warmere (comparative indefinite plural)
warmste (indefinite plural superlative)
warme (definite positive)
warmere (comparative definite)
warmste (definite superlative)
warms (partitive positive)
warmers (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: warm

Berbice Creole Dutch: warum

Negerhollands: warm, werm

From Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, of uncertain origin; derivations from either Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) or *wer- (“to burn”) have been proposed.


warm

head

warm (plural and weak singular warme, comparative warmer, superlative warmest)

warme (plural)
warme (singular weak)
warmer (comparative)
warmest (superlative)
warme (alternative)
werm (alternative)
wearm (alternative)

Scots: wairm

English: warm


AR

en-noun

AR (countable and uncountable, plural ARs)

atmospheric river
atmospheric river#English

(meteorology) Initialism of atmospheric river.


rain

rain (usually uncountable, plural rains)

rains (plural)
rayne (alternative obsolete)
raygne (alternative obsolete)

Sranan Tongo: alen

From Middle English reyn, rein, from Old English reġn, from Proto-West Germanic *regn, from Proto-Germanic *regną, of uncertain origin. Possibly from pre-Germanic *Hréǵ-no-, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreǵ- (“to flow”), although the consonant reflexes don't match.

We've been having a lot of rain lately.

The rains came late that year.

This process involves cloud seeding – when various substances are put into clouds in an attempt to cause rain.

2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(meteorology) Condensed water falling from a cloud.

kōpatapata

light rain but falling in large droplets


rain

en-verb

rain (third-person singular simple present rains, present participle raining, simple past and past participle rained)

rains (present singular third-person)
raining (participle present)
rained (participle past)
rained (past)
rain (infinitive)
rain (first-person present singular)
rained (first-person past singular)
rain (present second-person singular)
rainest (archaic present second-person singular)
rained (past second-person singular)
rainedst (archaic past second-person singular)
rains (present singular third-person)
raineth (archaic present singular third-person)
rained (past singular third-person)
rain (plural present)
rained (past plural)
rain (present subjunctive)
rained (past subjunctive)
rain (imperative present)
raining (participle present)
rained (participle past)

From Middle English reinen, from Old English reġnian, from Proto-West Germanic *regnōn, from Proto-Germanic *regnōną, from *regną (“rain”), as above.

don't pee on my leg and tell me it's raining

don't piss on my leg and tell me it's raining

piss on someone's leg and tell them it's raining

Judging by the black cloud, it will rain later today.

(impersonal, meteorology) To have rain fall from the sky.

طاحت الشتا (tāḥit eš-šta, literally “rain fell”)

صبت الشتا (sabbāt eš-šta, literally “rain fell”)

आकाशातून पडणे

ākāśātūn paḍṇe

идти́

usage: дождь идёт (doždʹ idjót, “it's raining”)

па́дати impf (pádaty, literally “to fall”)


mama

Learned borrowing from Latin mamma, from Ancient Greek μάμμη (mámmē).

(meteorology) mamma (an accessory cloud like a mammary in appearance, which can form on the underside of most cloud genera)


break

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). Doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

cog

(British, weather) A change, particularly the end of a spell of persistent good or bad weather.


broken

en-adj

broken (comparative more broken, superlative most broken)

more broken (comparative)
most broken (superlative)

From Middle English broken, from Old English brocen, ġebrocen, from Proto-Germanic *brukanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”). Cognate with Dutch gebroken (“broken”), German Low German broken (“broken”), German gebrochen (“broken”). Morphologically broke + -n.

the pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last

Tomorrow: broken skies.

(meteorology, of the sky) Five-eighths to seven-eighths obscured by clouds; incompletely covered by clouds.

ennuvolat

meteorology: five eighths to seven eighths obscured by clouds


cell

From Middle English celle, selle, from Old English cell (attested in inflected forms), from Latin cella (“chamber, small room, compartment”), later reinforced by Old French cel, sele, Old French cele. ultimately from Proto-Italic *kelnā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelneh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of cella and hall.

der

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell

melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell

There is a powerful storm cell headed our way.

(meteorology) A small thunderstorm, caused by convection, that forms ahead of a storm front.

solu

small thunderstorm that forms ahead of a storm front


shear

en-verb

shear (third-person singular simple present shears, present participle shearing, simple past sheared or shore, past participle shorn or sheared)

shears (present singular third-person)
shearing (participle present)
sheared (past)
shore (past)
shorn (participle past)
sheared (participle past)

From Middle English sheren, scheren, from Old English sċieran (“to shear; to shave”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Cognate with West Frisian skarre, Low German scheren, Dutch scheren, German scheren, Danish skære, Norwegian Bokmål skjære, Norwegian Nynorsk skjera, Swedish skära, Finnish keritä; and (from Indo-European) with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Latin caro (“flesh”), Albanian shqerr (“to tear, cut”), harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian ski̇̀rti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”). See also sharp.

inh

The total along-the-runway wind component sheared from an 8-knot headwind to about a 56-knot tailwind over a 44-second period.

1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “2.3 Airplane Takeoff Performance”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984, page 41:

(aviation, meteorology, intransitive, of wind) To change in direction or speed.


shear

en-noun

shear (countable and uncountable, plural shears)

The first effect of a wind shear was detected at 34 to 42 seconds into the takeoff, at a speed of about 115 KIAS with the airplane about 3,800 feet down the runway. An average shear rate of about 2.5 knots per second resulted in an interruption in acceleration at this point with the airspeed remaining at 115 to 120 KIAS for 7 to 10 seconds.

(aviation, meteorology, uncountable) The phenomenon of wind shear.

We hit a nasty shear on approach and had to go around.

(aviation, meteorology, countable) A specific instance of wind shear.


wet

English: wet (see there for further descendants)

Scots: wat

Yola: weate

From Old English wǣt, wāt, and weten (“to wet”).

wett (alternative)
wette (alternative)
wete (alternative)
weet (alternative)
weete (alternative)


clear

en-adj

clear (comparative clearer, superlative clearest)

clearer (comparative)
clearest (superlative)
CLR (alternative)

→ Welsh: clir

From Middle English clere, from Anglo-Norman cler, from Old French cler (Modern French clair), from Latin clarus. Displaced native Middle English schir (“clear, pure”) (from Old English scīr (“clear, bright”)), Middle English skere (“clear, sheer”) (from Old English scǣre and Old Norse skǣr (“sheer, clear, pure”)), Middle English smolt (“clear (of mind), serene”) (from Old English smolt (“peaceful, serene”)). Cognate with Danish klar, Dutch klaar, French clair, German klar, Italian chiaro, Norwegian klar, Portuguese claro, Romanian clar, Spanish claro, and Swedish klar.

(meteorology) Of the sky, such that less than one eighth of its area is obscured by clouds.

аҵәца́

meteorology: less than one-eighth obscured by clouds


low

From Middle English lowe, lohe, lāh, from Old Norse lágr (“low”), from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).
Cognate with Scots laich (“low”), Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”), Danish lav (“low”), Icelandic lágur (“low”), West Frisian leech (“low”), North Frisian leeg, liig (“low”), Dutch laag (“low”), obsolete German läg (“low”). More at lie.

der

A deep low is centred over the British Isles.

(meteorology, informal) An area of low pressure; a depression.


high

highs (plural)
hi (alternative informal)
heigh (alternative dialectal)

From Middle English high, heigh, heih, from Old English hēah (“high, tall, lofty, high-class, exalted, sublime, illustrious, important, proud, haughty, deep, right”), from Proto-West Germanic *hauh (“high”), from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz (“high”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to elevate, height”). Cognate with Scots heich (“high”), Saterland Frisian hooch (“high”), West Frisian heech (“high”), Dutch hoog (“high”), Low German hoog (“high”), German hoch (“high”), Swedish hög (“high”), Norwegian høy (“high”), Icelandic hár (“high”), Lithuanian kaukas (“bump, boil, sore”).

der

A large high is centred on the Azores.

(meteorology, informal) A large area of elevated atmospheric pressure; an anticyclone.


九

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (九):
* → Japanese: 九(く) (ku); 九(きゅう) (kyū)
* → Korean: 구(九) (gu)
* → Vietnamese: cửu (九)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *kɤwꟲ (“nine”)
Northern Tai:
Bouyei: guz
Zhuang: gouj
Saek: กู̂
Tai Do: cau
Central Tai:
Caolan: cáu
Nùng: càu
Tày: cẩu
Wenma-Southwestern Tai:
Sapa-Southwestern Tai:
Proto-Southwestern Tai:
Thai: เก้า (gâao)
Northern Thai: ᨠᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ
Lao: ເກົ້າ (kao)
Lü: ᦂᧁᧉ (k̇aw²)
Tai Dam: ꪹꪀ꫁ꪱ (cảu)
Shan: ၵဝ်ႈ (kāo)
Tai Laing: ကႍဝ်
Tai Nüa: ᥐᥝᥲ (kàw)
Ahom: 𑜀𑜧 (kaw)

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

Characters in the same phonetic series (九) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a stylized hand, with bent wrist/forearm (hence the hook stroke at lower right). Earlier forms resemble 手 (shǒu), 寸 (cùn). The original meaning of the glyph was “elbow”, which is now written 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
After the meaning “elbow” was forgotten, 九 was taken to symbolize a fist tightening to bump up against something; thus, there is a metaphorical bumping up of nine against ten, which is the last number when counting on one's fingers.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Compare Tibetan དགུ (dgu).

Han etyl

In the first and the second nine-day period, one should not take out one's hand; / In the third and the fourth nine-day period, the ice is thick enough to stand.

“The Nine Nine-Day Periods Song”, a folk song

Yī jiǔ èr jiǔ bù chū shǒu, sān jiǔ sì jiǔ bīng shàng zǒu.

一九二九不出手，三九四九冰上走。

(weather) each of the nine nine-day periods from the winter solstice


attachment

en-noun

attachment (countable and uncountable, plural attachments)

From French attachement. By surface analysis, attach + -ment.

2009, Jakke Mäkelä, Eero Karvinen, Niko Porjo, Antti Mäkelä and Tapio Tuomi, Attachment of Natural Lightning Flashes to Trees: Preliminary Statistical Characteristics, published in the Journal of Lightning Research, volume 1

(meteorology) The act or process by which any (downward) leader connects to any available (upward) streamer in a lightning flash.


c

(oceanography, meteorology) The speed of a fluid wave (water or air).


wedge

wedge (countable and uncountable, plural wedges)

From Middle English wegge (“wedge”), from Old English weċġ (“wedge”), from Proto-West Germanic *wagi, from Proto-Germanic *wagjaz.

(meteorology) A barometric ridge; an elongated region of high atmospheric pressure between two low-pressure areas.


solenoid

From French solénoïde, from Ancient Greek σωληνοειδής (sōlēnoeidḗs) (from σωλήν (sōlḗn, “channel, pipe”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs); see -oid).

(meteorology) The region of intersection between isobaric and isopycnal surfaces.


funnel

From Middle English funell, fonel, probably through Old French *founel (compare Middle French fonel, Old Occitan fonilh, enfounilh), from Latin fundibulum, infundibulum (“funnel”), from infundere (“to pour in”);
in (“in”) + fundere (“to pour”); compare Breton founilh (“funnel”), Welsh ffynel (“air hole, chimney”). See fuse.


leader

→ Catalan: líder

→ Czech: lídr

→ Galician: líder

→ Japanese: リーダー (rīdā)

→ Korean: 리더 (rideo)

→ Polish: lider

→ Portuguese: líder

→ Romanian: lider

→ Russian: ли́дер (líder)

→ Spanish: líder

→ Turkish: lider

→ Ukrainian: лі́дер (líder)

From Middle English leder, ledere, from Old English lǣdere (“leader”), from Proto-West Germanic *laidijārī (“leader”), equivalent to lead + -er. Cognate with Scots ledar, leidar (“leader”), West Frisian lieder (“leader”), Dutch leider (“leader”), German Leiter (“leader, conductor, manager”), Danish leder (“leader, manager”), Swedish ledare (“leader, conductor, director”), Icelandic leiðari (“leader, conductor”).

cog

Someone or something that leads or conducts.

(meteorology) The path taken by electrons from a cloud to ground level, determining the shape of a bolt of lightning.


氣

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (氣):
* → Japanese: 気(き) (ki)
* → Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
* → Vietnamese: khí (氣)

→ English: chi, qi, ki

→ Finnish: ki

/t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds): phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.
Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Han compound

气
气
炁
𣱛
𣱖
𤽍
𣅠
㫓
*暣
気

出去透透氣！

出去透透气！


wir

wir (nominative singular)
wiry (nominative plural)
wiru (genitive singular)
wirów (genitive plural)
wirowi (dative singular)
wirom (dative plural)
wir (accusative singular)
wiry (accusative plural)
wirem (instrumental singular)
wirami (instrumental plural)
wirze (locative singular)
wirach (locative plural)
wirze (singular vocative)
wiry (plural vocative)


CC

en-noun

CC (countable and uncountable, plural CCs)


鋒

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰoŋ): semantic 金 + phonetic 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds).


inch

en-noun

inch (plural inches or (UK colloquial) inch)

inches (plural)
inch (UK colloquial plural)
in. (abbreviation)
in (alternative)
in. (alternative)

→ Assamese: ইঞ্চি (io͂si)

→ Hindi: इंच (iñc)

→ Indonesian: inci

→ Japanese: インチ (inchi)

→ Korean: 인치 (inchi)

→ Serbo-Croatian: и̏нч

→ Swahili: inchi

→ Turkish: inç

→ Vietnamese: inh

→ Yoruba: ínǹsì

From Middle English ynche, enche, from Old English ynċe, borrowed from Latin uncia (“Roman inch, various similar units”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”). Cognate with Middle Dutch enke (“thumb, thumb's width, inch”). Doublet of ounce, uncia, onça, onza, oka, ouguiya, and awqiyyah.

doublet

give someone an inch and someone will take a mile

give them an inch and they'll take a mile

give them an inch and they'll take an ell

Let us consider what one inch of rain really means. If an acre of land were covered with water to the depth of only the tenth part of an inch, that layer of water would weigh more than 10 tons: thus 1 inch of rain is ten times that amount—in fact, very nearly 101 tons.

1880, Arthur Herbert Church, Food: Some Account of Its Sources, Constituents and Uses, London: Chapman and Hall, page 14:

(meteorology) A depth of one inch on the ground, used as a measurement of rainfall.


POP

(weather) Acronym of probability of precipitation.


bar

bar (nominative singular)
barlar (nominative plural)
barı (accusative definite singular)
barları (accusative definite plural)
bara (dative singular)
barlara (dative plural)
barda (locative singular)
barlarda (locative plural)
bardan (ablative singular)
barlardan (ablative plural)
barın (definite genitive singular)
barların (definite genitive plural)
barım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
barlarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
barın (nominative possessive second-person singular)
barların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
barı (nominative possessive singular third-person)
barları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
barımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
barlarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
barınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
barlarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
barı (nominative plural possessive third-person)
barları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
barımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
barlarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
barını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
barlarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
barını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
barlarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
barımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
barlarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
barınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
barlarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
barını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
barlarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
barıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
barlarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
barına (dative possessive second-person singular)
barlarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
barına (dative possessive singular third-person)
barlarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
barımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
barlarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
barınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
barlarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
barına (dative plural possessive third-person)
barlarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
barımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
barlarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
barında (locative possessive second-person singular)
barlarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
barında (locative possessive singular third-person)
barlarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
barımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
barlarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
barınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
barlarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
barında (locative plural possessive third-person)
barlarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
barımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
barlarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
barından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
barlarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
barından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
barlarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
barımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
barlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
barınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
barlarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
barından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
barlarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
barımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
barlarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
barının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
barlarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
barının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
barlarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
barımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
barlarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
barınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
barlarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
barının (genitive plural possessive third-person)
barlarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)

Internationalism; ultimately from French bar, from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros).


rainfall

en-noun

rainfall (countable and uncountable, plural rainfalls)

(meteorology) The amount of rain that falls on a single occasion


agua

fax-noun

agua f (countable and uncountable, plural aguas)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese agua, from Latin aqua.

inh+

(meteorology) rain (condensed water falling from a cloud)


agua

aguas (plural)
awa (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

Chavacano: agua

Media Lengua: awa

Palenquero: agua

Papiamentu: awa

→ Hanunoo: agwa

→ Hiligaynon: agwa

→ Tagalog: agwa

Inherited from Old Spanish agua, from Latin aqua (compare Catalan aigua, French eau, Galician auga, Italian acqua, Occitan aiga, Portuguese água, Romanian apă, Sardinian abba), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂. See English ea.


front

en-noun

front (countable and uncountable, plural fronts)

Tok Pisin: fran

→ Japanese: フロント (furonto)

→ Korean: 프런트 (peureonteu)

From Middle English front, frunt, frount, from Old French front, frunt, from Latin frōns, frontem (“forehead”). Doublet of frons.

We need to take the clothes off the line. The news reported a front is coming in from the east, and we can expect heavy rain and maybe hail.

(meteorology) The interface or transition zone between two airmasses of different density, often resulting in precipitation. Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates airmasses of different temperature.

фронт

meteorology: interface between airmasses


front

frontok (plural)
front (nominative singular)
frontok (nominative plural)
frontot (accusative singular)
frontokat (accusative plural)
frontnak (dative singular)
frontoknak (dative plural)
fronttal (instrumental singular)
frontokkal (instrumental plural)
frontért (causal-final singular)
frontokért (causal-final plural)
fronttá (singular translative)
frontokká (plural translative)
frontig (singular terminative)
frontokig (plural terminative)
frontként (essive-formal singular)
frontokként (essive-formal plural)
frontban (inessive singular)
frontokban (inessive plural)
fronton (singular superessive)
frontokon (plural superessive)
frontnál (adessive singular)
frontoknál (adessive plural)
frontba (illative singular)
frontokba (illative plural)
frontra (singular sublative)
frontokra (plural sublative)
fronthoz (allative singular)
frontokhoz (allative plural)
frontból (elative singular)
frontokból (elative plural)
frontról (delative singular)
frontokról (delative plural)
fronttól (ablative singular)
frontoktól (ablative plural)
fronté (singular)
frontoké (plural)
frontéi (singular)
frontokéi (plural)
frontom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
frontjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
frontod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
frontjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
frontja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
frontjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
frontunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
frontjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
frontotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
frontjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
frontjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
frontjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from German Front, from French fronte, from Latin frons, frontis.

(meteorology) front (the interface or transition zone between two airmasses of different density)


front

pl-noun

front m inan (related adjective frontowy)

frontowy (adjective)
front (nominative singular)
fronty (nominative plural)
frontu (genitive singular)
frontów (genitive plural)
frontowi (dative singular)
frontom (dative plural)
front (accusative singular)
fronty (accusative plural)
frontem (instrumental singular)
frontami (instrumental plural)
froncie (locative singular)
frontach (locative plural)
froncie (singular vocative)
fronty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: front

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Front, French front, or English front, ultimately from Latin frōns. First attested in 1656–1688. Compare Silesian frōnt.

ref

“FRONT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 13.03.2009

(meteorology) front (interface or transition zone between two airmasses of different density, often resulting in precipitation)


moat

From Middle English mote, from Old French mote (“mound, embankment”); compare also Old French motte (“hillock, lump, clod, turf”), from Medieval Latin mota (“a mound, hill”), of Germanic origin, perhaps via Frankish *mot, *motta (“mud, peat, bog, turf”), from Proto-Germanic *mutô, *mudraz, *muþraz (“dirt, filth, mud, swamp”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mut- (“dark, dirty”).
Cognate with Alemannic German Mott, Mutte (“peat, turf”), Bavarian Mott (“peat, turf”), dialectal Dutch mot (“dust, fine sand”), Saterland Frisian mut (“grit, litter, humus”), Swedish muta (“to drizzle”), Old English mot (“speck, particle”). More at mote, mud, smut.
As term for a business strategy, popularized by American investor Warren Buffett.

cog

(meteorology) A clear ring outside the eyewall of a tropical cyclone.


hurricane

hurricanes (plural)
hero-cane (alternative)
hurrican (alternative)

> Bislama: hariken (inherited)

→ German: Hurrikan

→ Hebrew: הוריקן (hurikan)

→ Irish: hairicín

→ Japanese: ハリケーン (Harikēn)

→ Korean: 허리케인 (heorikein)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: hȁriken

→ Thai: เฮอริเคน (həə-rí-keen)

Etymology tree
Taíno *hurakābor.
Spanish huracánbor.
English hurricane
Borrowed from Spanish huracán, ultimately from Taíno *hurakā.

etymon

General American, Canada, hurry–furry merger

(meteorology) A wind scale for quite strong wind, stronger than a storm.

orkaan

meteorology: a wind scale for quite strong wind


El Niño

[ˌɛʊ̯ˈnĩ.j̃u]

[ˌɛʊ̯ˈnĩ.j̃u]

[ˌɛʊ̯ˈni.ɲo]

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish El Niño.

ubor

(meteorology) El Niño (a global coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon)


El Niño

head

El Niño (definite accusative El Niño'yu, plural El Niño'lar)

El Niño'yu (accusative definite)
El Niño'lar (plural)


breeze

en-verb

breeze (third-person singular simple present breezes, present participle breezing, simple past and past participle breezed)

breezes (present singular third-person)
breezing (participle present)
breezed (participle past)
breezed (past)
brize (alternative)
briess (alternative)

From the earlier (nautical) term brise, brize (“breeze”), from Middle English brees (“wind”). Ultimate origin obscure.
Variously supposed to derive from a Germanic source like Saterland Frisian Briese (“breeze”), West Frisian brys (“a cool wind”), Dutch bries (“breeze”), early Dutch brysen (“to blow cool and fresh”), or from Spanish brisa (“northeast wind”).
The earliest attestations are in Middle English brees (1460), Catalan brisa, and Italian brezza (all in 15th century), with Spanish (1504) and Portuguese briza (16th century) following closely after. The aforementioned Dutch cognates and French brise, however, are attested later than the term in English. The only internal hypothesis for any of those languages is a modification of Old Occitan bisa (“strong wind”), which is not widely accepted.
Compare also Albanian breshër (“hail”).

unk

obscure

She's sitting opposite a window that's gently breezing into her face, wafting her hair into cover-girl perfection ...

2014 January 21, Hermione Hoby, “Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review):


gale

From Middle English gale (“a wind, breeze”), possibly from Old English galan, possibly an unknown North Germanic origin, related to Icelandic gola (“a breeze”), Danish gal (“furious, mad”), both from Old Norse gala (“to sing”), and thus ultimately related to the above word (etymology 1).

It's blowing a gale outside.

A force nine gale.

Many parts of the boat were damaged in the gale.

With my mother's permission and blessings, I set off exultantly for Bombay, leaving my wife with a baby of a few months. But on arrival there, friends told my brother that the Indian Ocean was rough in June and July, and as this was my first voyage, I should not be allowed to sail until November. Someone also reported that a steamer had just been sunk in a gale. This made my brother uneasy, and he refused to take the risk of allowing me to sail immediately.

1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii

(meteorology) A very strong wind, more than a breeze, less than a storm; number 7 through to 9 winds on the 12-step Beaufort scale.


Schnee

de-noun

Schnee m (strong, genitive Schnees, no plural)

Schnees (genitive)
Schnee (nominative singular)
Schnees (genitive singular)
Schnee (dative singular)
Schnee (accusative singular)

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)

From Middle High German snê, from Old High German snēo, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw.

Der Schnee schmilzt wegen des heißen Wetters.

The snow is melting because of the hot weather.


seed

en-verb

seed (third-person singular simple present seeds, present participle seeding, simple past and past participle seeded)

seeds (present singular third-person)
seeding (participle present)
seeded (participle past)
seeded (past)
sede (alternative obsolete)

]
From Middle English seed, sede, side, from Old English sēd, sǣd (“seed, that which is sown”), from Proto-West Germanic *sād, from Proto-Germanic *sēdą, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, throw”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Säid (“seed”), West Frisian sied (“seed”), Dutch zaad (“seed”), Low German Saad (“seed”), German Saat (“seed; sowing”), Danish sæd (“seed”), Swedish säd (“seed”), Icelandic sæði (“seed”), Latin satiō (“seeding, time of sowing, season”). More at sow.

cog

A number of clouds were seeded to help provide rain to a drought-stricken area.

(meteorology) To scatter small particles within (a cloud or airmass) in order to trigger the formation of rain.


gel

→ Persian: ژل (žel)

Inherited from Latin gelū, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). For the sense of "gel", compare English gel; compare gélatine.

(seasons, time) freeze-up, one of the 6 seasons of high latitudes; the freeze.


acqua

Inherited from Latin aqua (“water”). Cognate with Italian acqua.


acqua

Inherited from Latin aqua (“water”). Cognates include Neapolitan and Italian acqua.


neve

From Latin nivem, from Proto-Italic *sniks, from Proto-Indo-European *snígʷʰs. Compare Portuguese neve, Spanish nieve.


gnome

From French gnome (“gnome”), from New Latin gnomus, used by Paracelsus as a synonym for pygmaeus (“pygmy”).

(astronomy, meteorology) An upper atmospheric optical phenomenon associated with thunderstorms, a compact blue starter.


trace

From Middle English trace, traas, from Old French trace (“an outline, track, trace”), from the verb (see below).

der

A very small amount, often residual, of some substance or material.

(meteorology) A small amount of rain, not enough to be measured.


ceiling

From Middle English celing (“paneling; (bed) cover or hanging”), from celen (“to cover or panel walls”) (from Old French celer (“to conceal”)) + -ing (gerund-forming suffix). By surface analysis, ceil + -ing.

inh

Even though it was cloudy, there was still enough ceiling for the Blue Angels to perform a great show.

(meteorology) The measurement of visible distance from ground or sea level to an overcast cloud cover; under a clear sky, the ceiling measurement is identified as "unlimited."


pileus

Borrowed from Latin pīleus, a form of pilleus (“a felt cap”).

The most short-lived of all the accessory clouds, pileus is also the most beautiful.

2011, Gavin Pretor-Pinney, The Cloud Collector's Handbook, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

(meteorology) A small thin cloud attached to a cumulus cloud.


inversion

en-noun

inversion (countable and uncountable, plural inversions)

/ɪnˈvɜː.ʃən/

(meteorology) A situation where air temperature increases with altitude (the ground being colder than the surrounding air).


vento

eo-head

vento (accusative singular venton, plural ventoj, accusative plural ventojn)

venton (accusative singular)
ventoj (plural)
ventojn (accusative plural)

From French vent and Italian vento, both from Latin ventus.

La vento forte blovis tra la arbaro hieraŭ.

The wind blew strongly through the forest yesterday.


vento

From Esperanto vento, from Latin ventus.


rime

en-noun

rime (countable and uncountable, plural rimes)

The noun is derived from Middle English rim, rime, rym, ryme (“hoar frost; rime”), from Old English hrīm (“frost”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrīm (“rime; hoar frost”), from Proto-Germanic *hrīmą (North Germanic), *hrīmaz, *hrīmô (“rime; hoar frost”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to graze, touch; to streak”).
The verb is derived from the noun. (The Old English equivalent, which did not survive into modern English, was behrīman.)
Cognates
* Middle Dutch riim, rijm, rīm (modern Dutch rijm (“hoar frost”))
* Old Danish *rim (only in rimfrost (“rime frost”); modern Danish rim (“hoar frost”))
* Old French rime, rimee (Middle French rime, rimee (“hoar frost”), Anglo-Norman rime, rimee (“hoar frost”))
* Old High German rīm (Middle High German rīm, Bavarian Reim (“dew; fog; light frost”) (dialectal))
* Old Norse hrím (Icelandic hrím, Norwegian rim (“hoar frost”))
* Old Saxon hrīm
* Old Swedish *riim, *rim (only in rimfrost (“rime frost”); modern Swedish rim)
* West Frisian rime, rym

der

Ice formed by the rapid freezing of cold water droplets of fog on to a cold surface.

huurre

ice formed by the rapid freezing of cold water droplets of fog on to a cold surface; coating or sheet of ice so formed

(meteorology)
A coating or sheet of ice so formed.


fronte

Inherited from Latin frontem (“forehead”). For sense 2 compare the Latin etymon and derivatives in Italian like sfrontato (“shameless”).


hail

en-noun

hail (countable and uncountable, plural hails)

From Middle English hayle, haile, hail, hawel, haghil, haȝel, from Old English hæġl, hæġel, hagol (“hail”), from Proto-West Germanic *hagl, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz, of uncertain origin. Either from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”); or alternatively from *ḱoḱló-, a reduplication of *ḱel- (“cold”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hail (“hail”), West Frisian heil (“hail”), Dutch hagel (“hail”), Low German Hagel (“hail”), German Hagel (“hail”), Danish hagl (“hail”), Swedish hagel (“hail”), Icelandic hagl (“hail”). Compare also Old Norse héla (“frost”). Doublet of haglaz, if the second etymology (“cold”) is correct.
Root-cognates outside of Germanic include Ancient Greek κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble”), or alternatively Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold”), possibly also Lithuanian šešėlis (“shade, shadow”), depending on the etymology.

cog

(meteorology, uncountable) Balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm.

(meteorology, countable) An occurrence of this type of precipitation; a hailstorm.


hail

From Old English hæġl, hæġel, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz, either from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”), or from *ḱoḱló-, a reduplication of *ḱel- (“cold”).


millibar

is-noun

millibar n (genitive singular millibars, nominative plural millibör)

millibars (genitive singular)
millibör (nominative plural)
millibar (indefinite nominative singular)
millibarið (definite nominative singular)
millibör (indefinite nominative plural)
millibörin (definite nominative plural)
millibar (accusative indefinite singular)
millibarið (accusative definite singular)
millibör (accusative indefinite plural)
millibörin (accusative definite plural)
millibari (dative indefinite singular)
millibarinu (dative definite singular)
millibörum (dative indefinite plural)
millibörunum (dative definite plural)
millibars (genitive indefinite singular)
millibarsins (definite genitive singular)
millibara (genitive indefinite plural)
millibaranna (definite genitive plural)


millibar

Borrowed from English millibar. By surface analysis, milli- + bar.


millibar

nb-noun-irreg

millibar m (definite singular millibaren, indefinite plural millibar, definite plural millibarene)

millibaren (definite singular)
millibar (indefinite plural)
millibarene (definite plural)


millibar

nn-noun-irreg

millibar m (definite singular millibaren, indefinite plural millibar, definite plural millibarane)

millibaren (definite singular)
millibar (indefinite plural)
millibarane (definite plural)


glory

en-noun

glory (countable and uncountable, plural glories)

From Middle English glory, glorie, from Old French glorie (“glory”), from Latin glōria (“glory, fame, renown, praise, ambition, boasting”). Doublet of gloria. Displaced native Old English wuldor.

der

(meteorology, optics) An optical phenomenon, consisting of concentric rings and somewhat similar to a rainbow, caused by sunlight or moonlight interacting with the water droplets that compose mist or clouds, centered on the antisolar or antilunar point.


tornado

→ Danish: tornado

→ Irish: tornádó

→ Italian: tornado

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tornado

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tornado

→ Russian: торнадо (tornado)

→ Spanish: tornado

→ Dutch: tornado

→ German: Tornado

→ Portuguese: tornado

From earlier English ternado, attested since the 1550s as a nautical term for a windy thunderstorm. From Spanish tronada (“thunderstorm”), from tronar (“to thunder”), from Latin tonō (“to thunder”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”). The o and r were reversed in English (metathesis) under influence of Spanish tornar (“to twist, to turn”), from Latin tornō (“to turn”).

An extreme version of vorticity is a vortex. The vortex is a spinning, cyclonic mass of fluid, which can be observed in the rotation of water going down a drain, as well as in smoke rings, tornados and hurricanes.

2013 March 10, Frank Fish, George Lauder, “Not Just Going with the Flow”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2013-05-01, page 114:

(meteorology) A violent wind in the form of a mobile, rapidly rotating, funnel cloud that has contacted the ground.

tornado watch

conditions are favorable for producing a tornado


tornado

eo-head

tornado (accusative singular tornadon, plural tornadoj, accusative plural tornadojn)

tornadon (accusative singular)
tornadoj (plural)
tornadojn (accusative plural)

From French tornade, Italian tornado, German Tornado, Yiddish טאָרנאַדאָ (tornado), Russian торна́до (tornádo), Polish tornado, all derived from English tornado, from Spanish tronada (“thunderstorm”).

Mia kuzino loĝis en Kansaso kaj spertis multajn danĝerajn tornadojn.

My cousin lived in Kansas and experienced many dangerous tornadoes.


tornado

tornado m (definite singular tornadoen, indefinite plural tornadoer, definite plural tornadoene)

tornadoen (definite singular)
tornadoer (indefinite plural)
tornadoene (definite plural)

From Spanish tronada, via English tornado.


tornado

tornado m (definite singular tornadoen, indefinite plural tornadoar, definite plural tornadoane)

tornadoen (definite singular)
tornadoar (indefinite plural)
tornadoane (definite plural)


tornado

tornado (nominative singular)
tornada (nominative plural)
tornada (genitive singular)
tornad (genitive plural)
tornadu (dative singular)
tornadom (dative plural)
tornado (accusative singular)
tornada (accusative plural)
tornadem (instrumental singular)
tornadami (instrumental plural)
tornadzie (locative singular)
tornadach (locative plural)
tornado (singular vocative)
tornada (plural vocative)

(meteorology) tornado, twister, whirlwind (violent wind in the form of a mobile, rapidly rotating, funnel cloud that has contacted the ground)


funnel cloud

When we saw the funnel cloud, we headed for the basement.

(meteorology) A tapering, rapidly rotating cloud descending from a larger storm cloud, indicating the presence of an intense vortex. A tornado is a funnel cloud which reaches the ground.


aer

head

aer m (genitive singular aeir, nominative plural aeir)

aeir (genitive singular)
aeir (nominative plural)
aer (indefinite nominative singular)
aeir (indefinite nominative plural)
a aeir (indefinite singular vocative)
a aera (indefinite plural vocative)
aeir (genitive indefinite singular)
aer (genitive indefinite plural)
aer (dative indefinite singular)
aeir (dative indefinite plural)
an t-aer (definite nominative singular)
na haeir (definite nominative plural)
an aeir (definite genitive singular)
na n-aer (definite genitive plural)
leis an aer (dative definite singular)
don aer (dative definite singular)
leis na haeir (dative definite plural)
aidhéar (alternative)

From Old Irish aer, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr).


fractus

FIGURE 5.17[…]The ragged-appearing clouds beneath the nimbostratus are stratus fractus, or scud.

2013, C. Donald Ahrens, Robert Henson, Meteorology Today, 11th edition, Cengage Learning, page 130:

(meteorology) A cloud species which consists of broken shreds of cloud; scud.


bello

Domani riprenderà il bello (i.e. bel tempo)?


maestro

it-noun

maestro m (plural maestri, feminine maestra)

→ English: maestro

→ Dutch: maestro
→ Indonesian: maestro

→ Estonian: maestro

→ Finnish: maestro

→ French: maestro

→ Polish: maestro

→ Portuguese: maestro

→ Romanian: maestru

→ Russian: маэстро (maestro)

→ Serbo-Croatian: maestro / маестро

→ Turkish: maestro

→ Ukrainian: мае́стро (maéstro)

From Latin magistrum. Doublet of mastro.


agglomerate

agglomerates (plural)
aglomerate (alternative)

From Latin agglomerare (“to wind into a ball”), from ad (“to”) + glomerare (“to wind into a ball”), from glomus (“a ball”), akin to globus (“a ball”).

der

(meteorology) An ice cover of floe formed by the freezing together of various forms of ice.


fen

Borrowed from German Föhn, from Old High German phonno, from Vulgar Latin *faōnius, from Latin Favōnius.

(meteorology) foehn (warm dry wind blowing down the northern sides of the Alps)


fen

fȇn (canonical masculine)
фе̑н (Cyrillic)
fen (nominative singular)
fenovi (nominative plural)
fena (genitive singular)
fenova (genitive plural)
fenu (dative singular)
fenovima (dative plural)
fen (accusative singular)
fenove (accusative plural)
fene (singular vocative)
fenovi (plural vocative)
fenu (locative singular)
fenovima (locative plural)
fenom (instrumental singular)
fenovima (instrumental plural)


temporal

13th century. Learned borrowing from Latin temporālis, from tempus (“time”).


tifón

From Arabic طُوفَان (ṭūfān), probably of ultimate Sinitic origin, influenced by Ancient Greek Τυφῶν (Tuphôn). More at typhoon.

Arabic طُوفَان (ṭūfān)


oko

oko (nominative singular)
oka (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
ok (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
okom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oka (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
okami (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
okach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oka (plural vocative)

(countable, meteorology) eye of a cyclone


meteor

From Middle French météore, from Old French, from Latin meteorum, from Ancient Greek μετέωρον (metéōron), from μετέωρος (metéōros, “raised from the ground, hanging, lofty”), from μετά (metá, “in the midst of, among, between”) (English meta) + ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, to heave, to raise up”).
The original sense of “atmospheric phenomenon” gave rise to meteorology, but the meaning of "meteor" is now restricted to extraterrestrial objects burning up as they enter the atmosphere.

Europe, where the Sun dares ſcarce appeare,
For freezing Meteors and congealed cold: […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene i:

The twilight, the meteors call'd fire-balls, or flying dragons, and the northern lights, inhabit the higher regions of the atmosphere.

1791, Erasmus Darwin, The Economy of Vegetation, J. Johnson, page 10:

A meteor in the hazy air / Play’d before his path; / Before him now it roll’d / A globe of livid fire […] Anon to Thalaba it mov’d, / And wrapt him in its pale innocuous fire.

1801, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], →OCLC:

(now meteorology) An atmospheric or meteorological phenomenon. These were sometimes classified as aerial or airy meteors (winds), aqueous or watery meteors (hydrometeors: clouds, rain, snow, hail, dew, frost), luminous meteors (rainbows and aurora), and igneous or fiery meteors (lightning and shooting stars).


col

Borrowed from French col, from Latin collum (“neck”). Doublet of collum.

(meteorology) A pressure region between two anticyclones and two low-pressure regions.


precipitate

en-verb

precipitate (third-person singular simple present precipitates, present participle precipitating, simple past and past participle precipitated)

precipitates (present singular third-person)
precipitating (participle present)
precipitated (participle past)
precipitated (past)
præcipitate (alternative)

From Latin praecipitātus, perfect passive participle of praecipitō (“throw down, hurl down, throw headlong”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more), from praeceps (“head foremost, headlong”) (praecipit- in its oblique stem), from prae (“before”) + -ceps (“headed”).

رَسَّبَ

to separate out of a liquid solution into solid form

It will precipitate tomorrow, but we don't know whether as rain or snow.

(intransitive, meteorology) To have water in the air fall to the ground, for example as rain, snow, sleet, or hail; be deposited as condensed droplets.

валя

to have water in the air fall to the ground


clima

Borrowed from Late Latin clīma (“climate”), from Ancient Greek κλῐ́μᾰ (klĭ́mă, “region, zone”), from κλῐ́νω (klĭ́nō, “to slope, to incline”).


brisa

Gosto de sentir uma brisa saudável nas minhas partes, obrigado.

2000, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo, Rocco, page 71:

I like to feel a healthy breeze on my parts, thank you.

(meteorology) a gentle to moderate wind; breeze


corona

en-noun

corona (plural coronas or coronae or (obsolete) coronæ)

coronas (plural)
coronae (plural)
coronæ (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: コロナ (korona)

The noun is borrowed from Latin corōna (“crown; garland, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The English word is a doublet of crown, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone.
The plural form coronae is borrowed from Latin corōnae.
The verb is derived from the noun.

laki

upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body

kruunu

appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona

[page 49] Upon this true "mackarel sky" was depicted one of those glorious coronæ, only seen at great elevations or in high Latitudes. […] [page 50] The corona was composed of two colours, violet on the edge nearest to the sun and red on the outer edge, the two colours blending together and forming a neutral tint in the middle of the corona; the order here observed with regard to the colours is similar to that observed in the rainbow.

1854, Walter Stanhope Sherwill, “Notes upon Some Atmospherical Phenomena Observed at Darjiling in the Himalayah Mountains, during the Summer of 1852”, in Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, volume XXIII, number LXV, Calcutta: […] J. Thomas, Baptist Mission Press, published 1855, →OCLC, pages 49 and 50:

[page 214, paragraph 423] The sun and moon, when partially covered by light, fleecy clouds, are often seen encircled by one or more colored rings, which are called coronæ. […] In order to examine coronæ about the sun, it is best to view them by reflection from a blackened mirror, by which means the brilliancy of the sun's light is very much reduced. […] [page 215, paragraph 425] Coronæ are produced by the diffraction of the rays of light in their passage through the small intervals between the particles of condensed vapor in a cloud.

1868, Elias Loomis, “Optical Meteorology”, in A Treatise on Meteorology. […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, section IV (Coronæ), pages 214 and 215:

The increasing light eventually erases the moon's glowing corona, her pendant chandelier of light pales into insignificance as the new day breaks.

2013, Alfred Grossmith Mason, “14 September 1942”, in Julie Grossmith Deltrice, editor, Arctic Warriors: A Personal Account of Convoy PQ18, Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Maritime, Pen & Sword Books, →ISBN, page 55:

(meteorology) A circle or set of circles visible around a bright celestial object, especially the Sun or the Moon, attributable to an optical phenomenon produced by the diffraction of its light by small water droplets or tiny ice crystals.


kay

head

kay f (genitive singular kay, plural kayghyn)

kay (genitive singular)
kayghyn (plural)
kay
chay
gay


rotor

From an irregular shortening of rotator. Doublet of rota and ruote.

A glider instructor, who had been in the COS area for more than 25 years, was interviewed. He stated that around 1200 on the day of the accident, he observed a rotor hit the ground with estimated wind speeds of 70 to 80 miles per hour.

2001, National Transportation Safety Board, “1.7.1 Observations and Forecasts”, in Uncontrolled Descent and Collision With Terrain, United Airlines Flight 585, Boeing 737-200, N999UA, 4 Miles South of Colorado Springs Municipal Airport, Colorado Springs, Colorado, March 3, 1991, archived from the original on 2021-01-22, pages 30–31:

(meteorology) A type of powerful horizontal-axis atmospheric vortex generated by the interaction of strong winds with mountainous terrain.


rotor

rotor (nominative singular)
rotory (nominative plural)
rotora (genitive singular)
rotorów (genitive plural)
rotorowi (dative singular)
rotorom (dative plural)
rotor (accusative singular)
rotory (accusative plural)
rotorem (instrumental singular)
rotorami (instrumental plural)
rotorze (locative singular)
rotorach (locative plural)
rotorze (singular vocative)
rotory (plural vocative)

(meteorology) rotor (type of powerful horizontal-axis atmospheric vortex generated by the interaction of strong winds with mountainous terrain)


glaze

en-noun

glaze (countable and uncountable, plural glazes)

glazes (plural)
glase (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English glasen, from glas (“glass”) (Modern English glass), from Old English glæs, from Proto-Germanic *glasą. Related to glazen. In the sense of "overcompliment", originated in November 2021 and popularized throughout 2022.
The noun is from the verb.

glazierglazier's fallacyglazier's pointglazier's putty

(meteorology) A smooth coating of ice formed on objects due to the freezing of rain; glaze ice.

ledovka

meteorology: smooth coating of ice caused by freezing rain


sprite

sprites (plural)
spright (alternative obsolete)

→ Japanese: スプライト (supuraito)

→ Russian: спрайт (sprajt)

From Middle English sprite, spryt, spreyte, from Old French esprit (“spirit”), from Latin spiritus. Doublet of spirit, spiritus, spirytus, spright, and esprit.
(computer graphics): First used by Danny Hillis at Texas Instruments in the late 1970s.
(meteorology): An acronym for Stratospheric Perturbations Resulting from Intense Thunderstorm Electrification.

doublet

(meteorology) A large electrical discharge that occurs high above the cumulonimbus cloud of an active thunderstorm, which appears as a luminous red or orange flash.

紅色精靈 /红色精灵

electrical discharges that occur high above the cumulonimbus cloud of an active thunderstorm


troll

Partly:
* from Middle English trol (“demon (?); sorcerer (?)”) [and other forms], from Old Norse trǫll (“conjurer, mage; witch”), from Proto-Germanic *truzlą (“supernatural being; demon, fiend; giant; monster”), probably from *trudaną (“to step on; to tread”) + *-ilą (suffix forming agent nouns); and
* borrowed from Norwegian Bokmål troll, Swedish troll, or Danish trold, from Old Norse trǫll (see above).
Doublet of droll and trow.
Cognates
* Danish fortrylle (“to bewitch”), trylle (“to conjure”)
* Icelandic tröll
* Middle High German trol, trolle (“spook, wraith; ogre, monster”)
* Norwegian fortrylle (“to bewitch”), trylle (“to conjure”)
* Swedish trolla (“to conjure”)

der

(astronomy, meteorology) An optical ejection from the top of the electrically active core region of a thunderstorm that is red in colour and seems to occur after tendrils of vigorous sprites extend downward towards cloudtops.


celerity

en-noun

celerity (usually uncountable, plural celerities)

From Old French celeritee (compare French célérité), from Latin celeritas, from celer (“fast, swift”).

(oceanography, meteorology) The speed of an individual wave (as opposed to the speed of groups of waves); often denoted c.

(hydrology) The speed with which a perturbation to the flow propagates through the flow domain.


sade

sade (nominative singular)
sateet (nominative plural)
sade (accusative nominative singular)
sateet (accusative nominative plural)
sateen (accusative genitive singular)
sateet (accusative genitive plural)
sateen (genitive singular)
sateiden (genitive plural)
sateitten (genitive plural)
sadetta (partitive singular)
sateita (partitive plural)
sateessa (inessive singular)
sateissa (inessive plural)
sateesta (elative singular)
sateista (elative plural)
sateeseen (illative singular)
sateisiin (illative plural)
sateihin (illative plural)
sateella (adessive singular)
sateilla (adessive plural)
sateelta (ablative singular)
sateilta (ablative plural)
sateelle (allative singular)
sateille (allative plural)
sateena (essive singular)
sateina (essive plural)
sateeksi (singular translative)
sateiksi (plural translative)
sateetta (abessive singular)
sateitta (abessive plural)
satein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
sateeni (nominative singular)
sateeni (nominative plural)
sateeni (accusative nominative singular)
sateeni (accusative nominative plural)
sateeni (accusative genitive singular)
sateeni (accusative genitive plural)
sateeni (genitive singular)
sateideni (genitive plural)
sateitteni (genitive plural)
sadettani (partitive singular)
sateitani (partitive plural)
sateessani (inessive singular)
sateissani (inessive plural)
sateestani (elative singular)
sateistani (elative plural)
sateeseeni (illative singular)
sateisiini (illative plural)
sateihini (illative plural)
sateellani (adessive singular)
sateillani (adessive plural)
sateeltani (ablative singular)
sateiltani (ablative plural)
sateelleni (allative singular)
sateilleni (allative plural)
sateenani (essive singular)
sateinani (essive plural)
sateekseni (singular translative)
sateikseni (plural translative)
sateettani (abessive singular)
sateittani (abessive plural)
sateineni (comitative plural)
sateesi (nominative singular)
sateesi (nominative plural)
sateesi (accusative nominative singular)
sateesi (accusative nominative plural)
sateesi (accusative genitive singular)
sateesi (accusative genitive plural)
sateesi (genitive singular)
sateidesi (genitive plural)
sateittesi (genitive plural)
sadettasi (partitive singular)
sateitasi (partitive plural)
sateessasi (inessive singular)
sateissasi (inessive plural)
sateestasi (elative singular)
sateistasi (elative plural)
sateeseesi (illative singular)
sateisiisi (illative plural)
sateihisi (illative plural)
sateellasi (adessive singular)
sateillasi (adessive plural)
sateeltasi (ablative singular)
sateiltasi (ablative plural)
sateellesi (allative singular)
sateillesi (allative plural)
sateenasi (essive singular)
sateinasi (essive plural)
sateeksesi (singular translative)
sateiksesi (plural translative)
sateettasi (abessive singular)
sateittasi (abessive plural)
sateinesi (comitative plural)
sateemme (nominative singular)
sateemme (nominative plural)
sateemme (accusative nominative singular)
sateemme (accusative nominative plural)
sateemme (accusative genitive singular)
sateemme (accusative genitive plural)
sateemme (genitive singular)
sateidemme (genitive plural)
sateittemme (genitive plural)
sadettamme (partitive singular)
sateitamme (partitive plural)
sateessamme (inessive singular)
sateissamme (inessive plural)
sateestamme (elative singular)
sateistamme (elative plural)
sateeseemme (illative singular)
sateisiimme (illative plural)
sateihimme (illative plural)
sateellamme (adessive singular)
sateillamme (adessive plural)
sateeltamme (ablative singular)
sateiltamme (ablative plural)
sateellemme (allative singular)
sateillemme (allative plural)
sateenamme (essive singular)
sateinamme (essive plural)
sateeksemme (singular translative)
sateiksemme (plural translative)
sateettamme (abessive singular)
sateittamme (abessive plural)
sateinemme (comitative plural)
sateenne (nominative singular)
sateenne (nominative plural)
sateenne (accusative nominative singular)
sateenne (accusative nominative plural)
sateenne (accusative genitive singular)
sateenne (accusative genitive plural)
sateenne (genitive singular)
sateidenne (genitive plural)
sateittenne (genitive plural)
sadettanne (partitive singular)
sateitanne (partitive plural)
sateessanne (inessive singular)
sateissanne (inessive plural)
sateestanne (elative singular)
sateistanne (elative plural)
sateeseenne (illative singular)
sateisiinne (illative plural)
sateihinne (illative plural)
sateellanne (adessive singular)
sateillanne (adessive plural)
sateeltanne (ablative singular)
sateiltanne (ablative plural)
sateellenne (allative singular)
sateillenne (allative plural)
sateenanne (essive singular)
sateinanne (essive plural)
sateeksenne (singular translative)
sateiksenne (plural translative)
sateettanne (abessive singular)
sateittanne (abessive plural)
sateinenne (comitative plural)
sateensa (nominative singular)
sateensa (nominative plural)
sateensa (accusative nominative singular)
sateensa (accusative nominative plural)
sateensa (accusative genitive singular)
sateensa (accusative genitive plural)
sateensa (genitive singular)
sateidensa (genitive plural)
sateittensa (genitive plural)
sadettaan (partitive singular)
sadettansa (partitive singular)
sateitaan (partitive plural)
sateitansa (partitive plural)
sateessaan (inessive singular)
sateessansa (inessive singular)
sateissaan (inessive plural)
sateissansa (inessive plural)
sateestaan (elative singular)
sateestansa (elative singular)
sateistaan (elative plural)
sateistansa (elative plural)
sateeseensa (illative singular)
sateisiinsa (illative plural)
sateihinsa (illative plural)
sateellaan (adessive singular)
sateellansa (adessive singular)
sateillaan (adessive plural)
sateillansa (adessive plural)
sateeltaan (ablative singular)
sateeltansa (ablative singular)
sateiltaan (ablative plural)
sateiltansa (ablative plural)
sateelleen (allative singular)
sateellensa (allative singular)
sateilleen (allative plural)
sateillensa (allative plural)
sateenaan (essive singular)
sateenansa (essive singular)
sateinaan (essive plural)
sateinansa (essive plural)
sateekseen (singular translative)
sateeksensa (singular translative)
sateikseen (plural translative)
sateiksensa (plural translative)
sateettaan (abessive singular)
sateettansa (abessive singular)
sateittaan (abessive plural)
sateittansa (abessive plural)
sateineen (comitative plural)
sateinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *sadëk. Equivalent to sataa (“to rain, precipitate”) + -e.

Sateet tulivat tänä vuonna myöhään.

(meteorology) precipitation (any kind of precipitation from the sky (e.g. rain, snow, sleet, hailstones))

(especially) rain (condensed water falling from a cloud)


uragano

eo-head

uragano (accusative singular uraganon, plural uraganoj, accusative plural uraganojn)

uraganon (accusative singular)
uraganoj (plural)
uraganojn (accusative plural)

From Russian урага́н (uragán), Italian uragano, French ouragan, all from Spanish huracán, from Taíno *hurakā. Compare Polish huragan, English hurricane, Yiddish הוראַגאַן (huragan), German Hurrikan, Latin huracanum.


uragano

→ Greek: ραγάνι (ragáni)

Borrowed from Spanish huracán (“hurricane”), from Taíno *hurakā (“hurricane”).


noctilucent

en-adj

noctilucent (comparative more noctilucent, superlative most noctilucent)

more noctilucent (comparative)
most noctilucent (superlative)

(meteorology) Shining or glowing at night, especially of very high-altitude clouds that reflect sunlight long after sunset; nightshining.


negative

negative (comparative more negative, superlative most negative)

more negative (comparative)
most negative (superlative)
-ve (alternative abbreviation)
−ve (alternative abbreviation)

From Middle English negative, negatif, from Old French negatif, from Latin negātīvus (“that denies, negative”), from negāre (“to deny”); see negate.

der

I was out in negative weather today.

(mathematics) Of a number: less than zero.

(weather) Less than zero degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.


heat wave

heat waves (plural)
heatwave (alternative)

(idiomatic) A period of exceptionally hot weather.

(US, weather broadcasting) Three consecutive days with daytime high temperature of 90 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.

(UK, weather broadcasting) A period of at least three consecutive days with daily high temperatures of the respective county's temperature threshold or higher.


дождь

ru-noun+

дождь • (doždʹ) m inan (genitive дождя́, nominative plural дожди́, genitive plural дожде́й, relational adjective дождево́й, diminutive до́ждик or до́ждичек, augmentative дожди́на or дожди́ще)

doždʹ (romanization)
дождя́ (genitive)
дожди́ (nominative plural)
дожде́й (genitive plural)
дождево́й (adjective relational)
до́ждик (diminutive)
до́ждичек (diminutive)
дожди́на (augmentative)
дожди́ще (augmentative)
до́ждь (nominative singular)
дожди́ (nominative plural)
дождя́ (genitive singular)
дожде́й (genitive plural)
дождю́ (dative singular)
дождя́м (dative plural)
до́ждь (accusative singular)
дожди́ (accusative plural)
дождём (instrumental singular)
дождя́ми (instrumental plural)
дожде́ (prepositional singular)
дождя́х (plural prepositional)
до́ждь (dated nominative singular)
дожди́ (dated nominative plural)
дождя́ (dated genitive singular)
дожде́й (dated genitive plural)
дождю́ (dated dative singular)
дождя́мъ (dated dative plural)
до́ждь (accusative dated singular)
дожди́ (accusative dated plural)
дождёмъ (dated instrumental singular)
дождя́ми (dated instrumental plural)
дождѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)
дождя́хъ (dated plural prepositional)

Inherited from Old East Slavic дъждь (dŭždĭ), from Proto-Slavic *dъždžь, with spelling from Church Slavonic.

inh+

Дождь идёт.

Мы прие́хали в Жене́ву под дождё́м, но́чью, но к рассве́ту от дождя́ оста́лась то́лько све́жесть в во́здухе.

1901, Иван Бунин [Ivan Bunin], Тишина; English translation from Silence, (Please provide a date or year):

My prijéxali v Ženévu pod doždjóm, nóčʹju, no k rassvétu ot doždjá ostálasʹ tólʹko svéžestʹ v vózduxe.


trombe

→ English: tromp

→ German: Trombe

→ Swedish: tromb

From being shaped like a trumpet. Inherited from Middle French, borrowed from Italian tromba. Doublet of trompe.


thermal

From French thermal, from New Latin *thermalis, from Ancient Greek θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to heat, warm”).

der

The hawk had mounted its thermal by the time he got to the yard, flapping its wings violently against the updraft.

2019, Chigozie Obioma, An Orchestra of Minorities, Abacus (2019), page 91:

(meteorology) A column of rising air in the lower atmosphere created by uneven heating of a planet's surface.


icing

en-noun

icing (countable and uncountable, plural icings)

→ Swedish: icing

The Cessna pilots reported that moderate icing was present between 13,000 and 4,000 feet in the cloud layers.

(aviation, meteorology) Conditions conducive to the formation of ice on aircraft surfaces.


depression

depression (countable and uncountable, plural depressions)

From Middle English depression, depressioun, from Old French depression, from Latin dēpressiō.

(meteorology) An area of lowered air pressure that generally brings moist weather, sometimes promoting hurricanes and tornadoes.

laagdruk

meteorology: area of lowered air pressure


albedo

albedo (countable and uncountable, plural albedos or albedoes)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-albedo.wav

Borrowed from Latin albēdō (“whiteness”).

bor+

For track, painting rails white at weak points that are more prone to buckling (where the 'critical rail temperature' is close to the 'stress free temperature' [...]) increases their albedo and can help slow how quickly they heat up, reducing their temperature by perhaps five degrees or so.

2022 August 10, Gareth Dennis, “How can we run trains when the heat is on?”, in RAIL, number 963, page 45:

(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage.


albedo

Learned borrowing from Latin albēdō. First attested in 1908.

ref

Zasady fizyki: Fizyka ogólna, dynamiczne własności materyi, akustyka (in Polish), volume 1, 1908, page x

albedo in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

niskie/małe albedo

wysokie albedo

ziemskie albedo/albedo Ziemi

albedo wynosi ileś

albedo neutronów

albedo powierzchni

albedo planety

albedo śniegu

wartość albedo

wielkości albedo

(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) albedo (fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body)


albedo

pt-noun

albedo m (usually uncountable, plural albedos)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *albʰós
Proto-Italic *alβos
Latin albus
Proto-Indo-European *-Hōder.
Latin -ēdō
Late Latin albēdōlbor.
Portuguese albedo
Learned borrowing from Late Latin albēdō.

etymon

(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) albedo (the fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body)


albedo

(physics, meteorology, astronomy) albedo (the fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body)


frontal

Borrowed from New Latin frontālis, from frons (“the forehead, brow, front”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to front + -al; cognate of French frontal. Doublet of frontalis.

af

(meteorology) Of or relating to a weather front.


גשם

he-noun

גֶּשֶׁם • (géshem) m (plural indefinite גְּשָׁמִים, singular construct גֶּשֶׁם־, plural construct גִּשְׁמֵי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

גֶּשֶׁם (canonical)
géshem (romanization)
גְּשָׁמִים (indefinite plural)
גֶּשֶׁם־ (construct singular)
גִּשְׁמֵי־ (construct plural)

Compare Ugaritic 𐎂𐎌𐎎 (gšm, “rain, downpour”). The sense "body" (and, by extension, "substance") is first attested in Aramaic parts of the Book of Daniel and later gained currency in Medieval Hebrew. This sense appears to represent a borrowing from Aramaic, for which compare Classical Syriac ܓܘܫܡܐ and confer Arabic جِسْم (jism).


pixie

pixies (plural)
pigsie (alternative)
piskie (alternative)
pisky (alternative)
pixy (alternative)

Uncertain; 17thC, originally in the folklore of southwest England; perhaps diminutive of Swedish pysk (“fairy”); perhaps Puck + -sy; see Wikipedia.

(astronomy, meteorology) An upper-atmospheric optical phenomenon associated with thunderstorms, a short-lasting pinpoint of light on the surface of convective domes that produces a gnome.


mamma

(meteorology) An accessory cloud like a mammary in appearance, which can form on the underside of most cloud genera.


bwrw

cy-verb

bwrw (first-person singular present bwriaf)

bwriaf (first-person present singular)
bwriaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
bwri (future indicative present second-person singular)
bwria (future indicative present singular third-person)
bwriwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
bwriwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
bwriant (future indicative plural present third-person)
bwrir (future impersonal indicative present)
bwriwn (conditional first-person singular)
bwriwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bwrit (conditional second-person singular)
bwrit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bwriai (conditional singular third-person)
bwriai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bwriem (conditional first-person plural)
bwriem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bwriech (conditional plural second-person)
bwriech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bwrient (conditional plural third-person)
bwrient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bwrid (conditional impersonal)
bwrid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
bwriais (first-person preterite singular)
bwriaist (preterite second-person singular)
bwriodd (preterite singular third-person)
bwriasom (first-person plural preterite)
bwriasoch (plural preterite second-person)
bwriasant (plural preterite third-person)
bwriwyd (impersonal preterite)
bwriaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
bwriasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
bwriasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
bwriasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
bwriasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
bwriasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
bwriasid (impersonal pluperfect)
bwriesid (impersonal pluperfect)
bwriwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bwriech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bwrio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bwriom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bwrioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bwriont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bwrier (impersonal present subjunctive)
bwra (imperative second-person singular)
bwria (imperative second-person singular)
bwried (imperative singular third-person)
bwriwn (first-person imperative plural)
bwriwch (imperative plural second-person)
bwrient (imperative plural third-person)
bwrier (imperative impersonal)
bwrw (noun-from-verb)
bwriedig (participle)
bwria i (first-person future singular)
bwriaf i (first-person future singular)
bwri di (future second-person singular)
bwrith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
bwriff e (future singular third-person)
bwriwn ni (first-person future plural)
bwriwch chi (future plural second-person)
bwrian nhw (future plural third-person)
bwriwn i (conditional first-person singular)
bwriswn i (conditional first-person singular)
bwriet ti (conditional second-person singular)
bwriset ti (conditional second-person singular)
bwriai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
bwrisai fo (conditional singular third-person)
bwrien ni (conditional first-person plural)
bwrisen ni (conditional first-person plural)
bwriech chi (conditional plural second-person)
bwrisech chi (conditional plural second-person)
bwrien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
bwrisen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
bwriais i (first-person preterite singular)
bwries i (first-person preterite singular)
bwriaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
bwriest ti (preterite second-person singular)
bwriodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
bwrion ni (first-person plural preterite)
bwrioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
bwrion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
bwria (imperative second-person singular)
bwriwch (imperative plural second-person)
bwrw
fwrw (soft)
mwrw

From Middle Welsh bwrw, from Proto-Brythonic *burɣid, from Proto-Celtic *borgīti (compare Old Irish ·díbairg (“throws”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti, an "eye"-causative form of *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, elevate”).

Mae hi'n bwrw glaw


drizzle

en-noun

drizzle (countable and uncountable, plural drizzles)

Perhaps a back-formation from dryseling, a dissimilated variant of Middle English drysning (“a falling of dew”), from Old English drysnan (“to extinguish”), related to Old English drēosan (“to fall, to decline”), making it cognate to modern English droze and drowse. Compare also dialectal Swedish drösla.

cog

No longer pouring, the rain outside slowed down to a faint drizzle.

(physics, weather) Very small, numerous, and uniformly dispersed water drops, mist, or sprinkle. Unlike fog droplets, drizzle falls to the ground.

plovisqueig

(physics, weather) numerous small and uniformly dispersed water drops


aura

aura (nominative singular)
aury (nominative plural)
aury (genitive singular)
aur (genitive plural)
aurze (dative singular)
aurom (dative plural)
aurę (accusative singular)
aury (accusative plural)
aurą (instrumental singular)
aurami (instrumental plural)
aurze (locative singular)
aurach (locative plural)
auro (singular vocative)
aury (plural vocative)

(meteorology) weather (distinctive atmosphere)


isobar

isobars (plural)
isobare (alternative dated)

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + βάρος (báros, “weight”), equivalent to iso- + bar-.

(meteorology) A line drawn on a map or chart connecting places of equal or constant pressure.

isòbar

line on a map connecting places of equal pressure


isogon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-isogon.wav

(cartography, meteorology) A line of equal or constant wind direction on a graph or chart, such as a weather map.


anemometer

anemometers (plural)
anemometre (alternative)

/ænɪˈmɒmətə/

/ænɪˈmɒmɪtə/

/ænɪˈmɑmətɚ/

An anemometer constructed by the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Western Region, British Railways, has been installed at Dawlish Warren, near Exeter, to obtain a record of the velocity (speed and direction) of the wind. This information is used for the study of the effects of wind erosion on the sand dunes which protect the railway from the sea at that point.

1952 August, “Wind Velocity Records at Dawlish”, in Railway Magazine, page 545:

This anemometer was installed by the North Eastern Railway on Staithes Viaduct in 1884, to warn signallers of dangerously high winds.

2020 December 30, Tim Dunn, “The railway's mechanical marvels”, in RAIL, page 57, photo caption:

(meteorology) An instrument for measuring and recording the speed of the wind, a windmeter.

հողմաչափ

an instrument for measuring and recording the speed of the wind


anemometer

nl-noun

anemometer m (plural anemometers, diminutive anemometertje n)

anemometers (plural)
anemometertje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed, possibly from English, French or Latin.


anemometer

head

anemometer n (definite singular anemometeret or anemometret, indefinite plural anemometer or anemometre, definite plural anemometra or anemometrene)

anemometeret (definite singular)
anemometret (definite singular)
anemometer (indefinite plural)
anemometre (indefinite plural)
anemometra (definite plural)
anemometrene (definite plural)


anemometer

anemometer n (definite singular anemometeret, indefinite plural anemometer, definite plural anemometera)

anemometeret (definite singular)
anemometer (indefinite plural)
anemometera (definite plural)


synoptic

en-adj

synoptic (comparative more synoptic, superlative most synoptic)

more synoptic (comparative)
most synoptic (superlative)

From New Latin synopticus, from Ancient Greek συνοπτικός (sunoptikós, “seeing the whole together or at a glance”), from σύνοψις (súnopsis, “a general view, synopsis”), from συν- (sun-, “with”) + ὄψις (ópsis, “view”).

der

(meteorology, especially of meteorological data) Obtained simultaneously over a wide area, for presenting a comprehensive and nearly instantaneous picture of the state of the atmosphere.

синоптичен

meteorology: obtained simultaneously over a wide area


bris

bris m (definite singular brisen, indefinite plural briser, definite plural brisene)

brisen (definite singular)
briser (indefinite plural)
brisene (definite plural)


bris

bris m (definite singular brisen, indefinite plural brisar, definite plural brisane)

brisen (definite singular)
brisar (indefinite plural)
brisane (definite plural)


barometer

nl-noun

barometer m (plural barometers, diminutive barometertje n)

barometers (plural)
barometertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: barometer

→ Papiamentu: barometer

From English barometer, perhaps through French baromètre. By surface analysis, baro- + meter.


barometer

barometer (indefinite nominative singular)
barometers (genitive indefinite singular)
barometern (definite nominative singular)
barometerns (definite genitive singular)
barometrar (indefinite nominative plural)
barometrars (genitive indefinite plural)
barometrarna (definite nominative plural)
barometrarnas (definite genitive plural)


triple point

A further investigation is made of the reasonably-close relationship between some multiple tornado outbreaks in the British Isles and the passage of frontal-system triple points (TPs) using, principally, TORRO records and the hourly British Isles charts archived by the Meterorological Office at Bracknell.

1993, Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts:

...together at the point of occlusion, or triple point, where conditions are favorable for formation of a new cyclone, sometimes called a secondary cyclone.

2002, Joseph M. Moran, Online weather studies, →ISBN, page 232:

The point where occluding starts is the triple point, because there are three air masses involved: that ahead of the occlusion, the warm air aloft, and the air behind the occlusion, or where the cold, warm and occluded fronts meet.

2013, Phil Croucher, Private Helicopter Pilot Studies JAA BW, →ISBN, page 8-34:

(meteorology) The intersection of an occluded front, cold front, and warm front.

Few, however, reach the African continent; some dissipate in the intertropical-front bulge east of southern Africa; others form triple points with the temperate fronts available for recurving anywhere between Australia and the Seychelles-Madagascar-Mascarenes (Reunion-Mauritius-Rodriguez) sector.

1947, Maurice Adolph Garbell, Tropical and Equatorial Meteorology, page 205:

It is concluded that the severe storms formed in close proximity to a "triple point" (TP), at which a synoptic cold front and "insolation-enhanced" warm front intersected.

2006, The International Journal of Meteorology:

(meteorology) The point where two boundaries, such as a dry line, outflow boundary, or cold front, intersect.


shortwave

shortwaves (plural)
short-wave (alternative)

/ˈʃɔːtˌweɪv/

Some doubt is cast on the quality of the shortwave fadeout data during the early part of the period considered.

1973, Richard G. Hendl, Statistical Analysis of Shortwave Fadeout Occurrence for the Years 1955 to 1969:

A concise review is presented for the algorithm that has been tentatively selected to produce simulated net shortwave surface fluxes from measured TOA radiances.

1995, Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document., page 214:

Shortwave radiative fluxes that reach the earth's surface are key factors that influence atmospheric and oceanic circulations as well as surface climate.

1996, 1986 Daily Daylight Cloud Fraction, Shortwave Surface Radiation, and Transmittance for 502 Sites, page 1:

(meteorology) Downward radiation entering the earth's atmosphere that is in the shortwave frequency range.


iso-

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”).

isotherm, isochrone

(meteorology, geography) Forms terms for specific kinds of isolines.


trough

PIE word
 *dóru
From Middle English trogh, from Old English troh, trog (“a trough, tub, basin, vessel for containing liquids or other materials”), from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugą, *trugaz, from Proto-Indo-European *drukós, enlargement of *dóru (“tree”).
See also West Frisian trôch, Dutch trog, German Trog, Danish trug, Swedish tråg; also Middle Irish drochta (“wooden basin”), Old Armenian տարգալ (targal, “ladle, spoon”). More at tree.

cog

(meteorology) A linear atmospheric depression associated with a weather front.

tàlveg

a linear atmospheric depression associated with a weather front


sereno

it-adj

sereno (feminine serena, masculine plural sereni, feminine plural serene, superlative serenissimo)

serena (feminine)
sereni (masculine plural)
serene (feminine plural)
serenissimo (superlative)

Laudato si mi signore per frate vento et per aere et nubilo et sereno et onne tempo

c. 1226, Francis of Assisi, Cantico delle creature [Canticle of the Creatures], Biblioteca del Sacro Convento di San Francesco, page 2:

Praised be You, my Lord, through Brother Wind, and through the air, cloudy and serene, and every kind of weather

(weather) clear, serene, calm, cloudless, fair


sereno

É tornato il sereno


convergence

en-noun

convergence (countable and uncountable, plural convergences)

From converge + -ence (after Latin convergentia).

(meteorology) A zone where two prevailing wind flows meet and interact, resulting in distinctive weather conditions.


noto

Borrowed from Latin Notus, from Ancient Greek νότος (nótos).


washout

washout (countable and uncountable, plural washouts)

washouts (plural)
wash-out (alternative)

huuhtoutuminen

erosion of a relatively soft surface by a sudden gush of water; channel produced by this action

(meteorology) The action whereby falling rainwater cleans particles from the air.


weather forecast

weather forecast (plural weather forecasts)

It may be sunny today, but the weather forecast is predicting rain for tomorrow.

(meteorology) A prediction of future weather, often for a specific locality, in a newspaper or on the radio or television.


weather forecasting

(meteorology) The science of using meteorology to predict future weather.


ridge

ridges (plural)
rig (alternative dialectal)

From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).
Cognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).

inh

(meteorology) An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure.


shaft

From Middle English schaft, from Old English sċeaft, from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz. Cognate with Dutch schacht, German German Schaft, Swedish skaft.

(meteorology) A relatively small area of precipitation that an onlook can discern from the dry surrounding area.


bora

head

bora (definite accusative borayı, plural boralar)

borayı (accusative definite)
boralar (plural)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بورا (bora, “squall, tempest”), possibly a derivation from Proto-Turkic *bora- (“north wind; to snow heavily”). Cognate with Crimean Tatar and Turkmen boran, Bashkir буран (buran), Kazakh боран (boran). Or a wanderword, compare Italian bora, ultimately from Latin borea and, Greek μπόρα (mpóra). The same root as bora is found in the name of the Greek mythological figure of Boreas (Βορέας). Scholars argue, the Serbo-Croatian name bura and Slovene burja are not etymologically related to bora; they derive from Common Slavic burja 'storm' (from the verb *burĭti), and the meaning 'bora' developed later.


cumulonimbus

en-noun

cumulonimbus (plural cumulonimbuses or cumulonimbi)

cumulonimbuses (plural)
cumulonimbi (plural)
cumulo-nimbus (alternative)

From Latin cumulus (“heap”) + nimbus (“cloud”).

The one to the east (which at the moment seemed to be leaping straight out of the heart of a sinister slaty-purple patch of cumulonimbus) drained the Lake of the Hanging Glaciers; that to the west a desolate rock and ice-walled valley which was rimmed by some of the highest summits in the Selkirks.

1921, Lewis R. Freeman, chapter III, in Down the Columbia:

(meteorology) A cloud with a tall structure and flat base, often associated with thunderstorms.


cumulonimbus

cumulonimbus (accusative indefinite nominative)
cumulonimbusul (accusative definite nominative)
cumulonimbus (indefinite)
cumulonimbusului (definite)
cumulonimbusule (vocative)


detrain

en-verb

detrain (third-person singular simple present detrains, present participle detraining, simple past and past participle detrained)

detrains (present singular third-person)
detraining (participle present)
detrained (participle past)
detrained (past)

(meteorology) To transfer air from an organized air current to the surrounding atmosphere.