hurry

en-verb

hurry (third-person singular simple present hurries, present participle hurrying, simple past and past participle hurried)

hurries (present singular third-person)
hurrying (participle present)
hurried (participle past)
hurried (past)

From Middle English horien (“to rush, impel”), probably a variation of hurren (“to vibrate rapidly, buzz”), from Proto-Germanic *hurzaną (“to rush”) (compare Middle High German hurren (“to hasten”), Norwegian hurre (“to whirl around”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”) (compare Latin currō (“I run”), Tocharian A kursär/Tocharian B kwarsär (“league; course”)). Related to hurr, horse, rush.
Alternative etymology derives hurry as a variant of harry.

inh

Elizabeth Day, aged seventeen […] "I have been nearly nine years in the pit. I trapped for two years when I first went, and have hurried ever since. I have hurried for my father until a year ago. I have to help to riddle and fill, […]

1842, The Condition and Treatment of the Children Employed in the Mines, page 45:

(mining) To put: to convey coal in the mine, e.g. from the working to the tramway.


dan

(mining) A small truck or sledge used in coal mines.


bord

From board, which is also a less common variant of bord; probably from the former practice of laying boards in mine passageways to form a relatively smooth surface along which the coal was dragged in sledges.

(mining) The coalface parallel to the natural fissures.


katto

katto (nominative singular)
katot (nominative plural)
katto (accusative nominative singular)
katot (accusative nominative plural)
katon (accusative genitive singular)
katot (accusative genitive plural)
katon (genitive singular)
kattojen (genitive plural)
kattoa (partitive singular)
kattoja (partitive plural)
katossa (inessive singular)
katoissa (inessive plural)
katosta (elative singular)
katoista (elative plural)
kattoon (illative singular)
kattoihin (illative plural)
katolla (adessive singular)
katoilla (adessive plural)
katolta (ablative singular)
katoilta (ablative plural)
katolle (allative singular)
katoille (allative plural)
kattona (essive singular)
kattoina (essive plural)
katoksi (singular translative)
katoiksi (plural translative)
katotta (abessive singular)
katoitta (abessive plural)
katoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kattoni (nominative singular)
kattoni (nominative plural)
kattoni (accusative nominative singular)
kattoni (accusative nominative plural)
kattoni (accusative genitive singular)
kattoni (accusative genitive plural)
kattoni (genitive singular)
kattojeni (genitive plural)
kattoani (partitive singular)
kattojani (partitive plural)
katossani (inessive singular)
katoissani (inessive plural)
katostani (elative singular)
katoistani (elative plural)
kattooni (illative singular)
kattoihini (illative plural)
katollani (adessive singular)
katoillani (adessive plural)
katoltani (ablative singular)
katoiltani (ablative plural)
katolleni (allative singular)
katoilleni (allative plural)
kattonani (essive singular)
kattoinani (essive plural)
katokseni (singular translative)
katoikseni (plural translative)
katottani (abessive singular)
katoittani (abessive plural)
kattoineni (comitative plural)
kattosi (nominative singular)
kattosi (nominative plural)
kattosi (accusative nominative singular)
kattosi (accusative nominative plural)
kattosi (accusative genitive singular)
kattosi (accusative genitive plural)
kattosi (genitive singular)
kattojesi (genitive plural)
kattoasi (partitive singular)
kattojasi (partitive plural)
katossasi (inessive singular)
katoissasi (inessive plural)
katostasi (elative singular)
katoistasi (elative plural)
kattoosi (illative singular)
kattoihisi (illative plural)
katollasi (adessive singular)
katoillasi (adessive plural)
katoltasi (ablative singular)
katoiltasi (ablative plural)
katollesi (allative singular)
katoillesi (allative plural)
kattonasi (essive singular)
kattoinasi (essive plural)
katoksesi (singular translative)
katoiksesi (plural translative)
katottasi (abessive singular)
katoittasi (abessive plural)
kattoinesi (comitative plural)
kattomme (nominative singular)
kattomme (nominative plural)
kattomme (accusative nominative singular)
kattomme (accusative nominative plural)
kattomme (accusative genitive singular)
kattomme (accusative genitive plural)
kattomme (genitive singular)
kattojemme (genitive plural)
kattoamme (partitive singular)
kattojamme (partitive plural)
katossamme (inessive singular)
katoissamme (inessive plural)
katostamme (elative singular)
katoistamme (elative plural)
kattoomme (illative singular)
kattoihimme (illative plural)
katollamme (adessive singular)
katoillamme (adessive plural)
katoltamme (ablative singular)
katoiltamme (ablative plural)
katollemme (allative singular)
katoillemme (allative plural)
kattonamme (essive singular)
kattoinamme (essive plural)
katoksemme (singular translative)
katoiksemme (plural translative)
katottamme (abessive singular)
katoittamme (abessive plural)
kattoinemme (comitative plural)
kattonne (nominative singular)
kattonne (nominative plural)
kattonne (accusative nominative singular)
kattonne (accusative nominative plural)
kattonne (accusative genitive singular)
kattonne (accusative genitive plural)
kattonne (genitive singular)
kattojenne (genitive plural)
kattoanne (partitive singular)
kattojanne (partitive plural)
katossanne (inessive singular)
katoissanne (inessive plural)
katostanne (elative singular)
katoistanne (elative plural)
kattoonne (illative singular)
kattoihinne (illative plural)
katollanne (adessive singular)
katoillanne (adessive plural)
katoltanne (ablative singular)
katoiltanne (ablative plural)
katollenne (allative singular)
katoillenne (allative plural)
kattonanne (essive singular)
kattoinanne (essive plural)
katoksenne (singular translative)
katoiksenne (plural translative)
katottanne (abessive singular)
katoittanne (abessive plural)
kattoinenne (comitative plural)
kattonsa (nominative singular)
kattonsa (nominative plural)
kattonsa (accusative nominative singular)
kattonsa (accusative nominative plural)
kattonsa (accusative genitive singular)
kattonsa (accusative genitive plural)
kattonsa (genitive singular)
kattojensa (genitive plural)
kattoaan (partitive singular)
kattoansa (partitive singular)
kattojaan (partitive plural)
kattojansa (partitive plural)
katossaan (inessive singular)
katossansa (inessive singular)
katoissaan (inessive plural)
katoissansa (inessive plural)
katostaan (elative singular)
katostansa (elative singular)
katoistaan (elative plural)
katoistansa (elative plural)
kattoonsa (illative singular)
kattoihinsa (illative plural)
katollaan (adessive singular)
katollansa (adessive singular)
katoillaan (adessive plural)
katoillansa (adessive plural)
katoltaan (ablative singular)
katoltansa (ablative singular)
katoiltaan (ablative plural)
katoiltansa (ablative plural)
katolleen (allative singular)
katollensa (allative singular)
katoilleen (allative plural)
katoillensa (allative plural)
kattonaan (essive singular)
kattonansa (essive singular)
kattoinaan (essive plural)
kattoinansa (essive plural)
katokseen (singular translative)
katoksensa (singular translative)
katoikseen (plural translative)
katoiksensa (plural translative)
katottaan (abessive singular)
katottansa (abessive singular)
katoittaan (abessive plural)
katoittansa (abessive plural)
kattoineen (comitative plural)
kattoinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *katto, equivalent to kattaa (“to cover”) + -o. Compare also Veps katuz, Estonian katus, which use a different suffix.


roof

en-noun

roof (plural roofs or (UK, uncommon) rooves)

roofs (plural)
rooves (UK plural uncommon)

From Middle English rof, from Old English hrōf (“roof, ceiling; top, summit; heaven, sky”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą (“roof”).

inh

(mining) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying a bed of coal or a flat vein.


jalka

jalka (nominative singular)
jalat (nominative plural)
jalka (accusative nominative singular)
jalat (accusative nominative plural)
jalan (accusative genitive singular)
jalat (accusative genitive plural)
jalan (genitive singular)
jalkojen (genitive plural)
jalkain (genitive plural rare)
jalkaa (partitive singular)
jalkoja (partitive plural)
jalassa (inessive singular)
jaloissa (inessive plural)
jalasta (elative singular)
jaloista (elative plural)
jalkaan (illative singular)
jalkoihin (illative plural)
jalalla (adessive singular)
jaloilla (adessive plural)
jalalta (ablative singular)
jaloilta (ablative plural)
jalalle (allative singular)
jaloille (allative plural)
jalkana (essive singular)
jalkoina (essive plural)
jalaksi (singular translative)
jaloiksi (plural translative)
jalatta (abessive singular)
jaloitta (abessive plural)
jalan (instructive singular)
jaloin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
jalkani (nominative singular)
jalkani (nominative plural)
jalkani (accusative nominative singular)
jalkani (accusative nominative plural)
jalkani (accusative genitive singular)
jalkani (accusative genitive plural)
jalkani (genitive singular)
jalkojeni (genitive plural)
jalkaini (genitive plural rare)
jalkaani (partitive singular)
jalkojani (partitive plural)
jalassani (inessive singular)
jaloissani (inessive plural)
jalastani (elative singular)
jaloistani (elative plural)
jalkaani (illative singular)
jalkoihini (illative plural)
jalallani (adessive singular)
jaloillani (adessive plural)
jalaltani (ablative singular)
jaloiltani (ablative plural)
jalalleni (allative singular)
jaloilleni (allative plural)
jalkanani (essive singular)
jalkoinani (essive plural)
jalakseni (singular translative)
jaloikseni (plural translative)
jalattani (abessive singular)
jaloittani (abessive plural)
jalkani (instructive singular)
jalkoineni (comitative plural)
jalkasi (nominative singular)
jalkasi (nominative plural)
jalkasi (accusative nominative singular)
jalkasi (accusative nominative plural)
jalkasi (accusative genitive singular)
jalkasi (accusative genitive plural)
jalkasi (genitive singular)
jalkojesi (genitive plural)
jalkaisi (genitive plural rare)
jalkaasi (partitive singular)
jalkojasi (partitive plural)
jalassasi (inessive singular)
jaloissasi (inessive plural)
jalastasi (elative singular)
jaloistasi (elative plural)
jalkaasi (illative singular)
jalkoihisi (illative plural)
jalallasi (adessive singular)
jaloillasi (adessive plural)
jalaltasi (ablative singular)
jaloiltasi (ablative plural)
jalallesi (allative singular)
jaloillesi (allative plural)
jalkanasi (essive singular)
jalkoinasi (essive plural)
jalaksesi (singular translative)
jaloiksesi (plural translative)
jalattasi (abessive singular)
jaloittasi (abessive plural)
jalkasi (instructive singular)
jalkoinesi (comitative plural)
jalkamme (nominative singular)
jalkamme (nominative plural)
jalkamme (accusative nominative singular)
jalkamme (accusative nominative plural)
jalkamme (accusative genitive singular)
jalkamme (accusative genitive plural)
jalkamme (genitive singular)
jalkojemme (genitive plural)
jalkaimme (genitive plural rare)
jalkaamme (partitive singular)
jalkojamme (partitive plural)
jalassamme (inessive singular)
jaloissamme (inessive plural)
jalastamme (elative singular)
jaloistamme (elative plural)
jalkaamme (illative singular)
jalkoihimme (illative plural)
jalallamme (adessive singular)
jaloillamme (adessive plural)
jalaltamme (ablative singular)
jaloiltamme (ablative plural)
jalallemme (allative singular)
jaloillemme (allative plural)
jalkanamme (essive singular)
jalkoinamme (essive plural)
jalaksemme (singular translative)
jaloiksemme (plural translative)
jalattamme (abessive singular)
jaloittamme (abessive plural)
jalkamme (instructive singular)
jalkoinemme (comitative plural)
jalkanne (nominative singular)
jalkanne (nominative plural)
jalkanne (accusative nominative singular)
jalkanne (accusative nominative plural)
jalkanne (accusative genitive singular)
jalkanne (accusative genitive plural)
jalkanne (genitive singular)
jalkojenne (genitive plural)
jalkainne (genitive plural rare)
jalkaanne (partitive singular)
jalkojanne (partitive plural)
jalassanne (inessive singular)
jaloissanne (inessive plural)
jalastanne (elative singular)
jaloistanne (elative plural)
jalkaanne (illative singular)
jalkoihinne (illative plural)
jalallanne (adessive singular)
jaloillanne (adessive plural)
jalaltanne (ablative singular)
jaloiltanne (ablative plural)
jalallenne (allative singular)
jaloillenne (allative plural)
jalkananne (essive singular)
jalkoinanne (essive plural)
jalaksenne (singular translative)
jaloiksenne (plural translative)
jalattanne (abessive singular)
jaloittanne (abessive plural)
jalkanne (instructive singular)
jalkoinenne (comitative plural)
jalkansa (nominative singular)
jalkansa (nominative plural)
jalkansa (accusative nominative singular)
jalkansa (accusative nominative plural)
jalkansa (accusative genitive singular)
jalkansa (accusative genitive plural)
jalkansa (genitive singular)
jalkojensa (genitive plural)
jalkainsa (genitive plural rare)
jalkaansa (partitive singular)
jalkojaan (partitive plural)
jalkojansa (partitive plural)
jalassaan (inessive singular)
jalassansa (inessive singular)
jaloissaan (inessive plural)
jaloissansa (inessive plural)
jalastaan (elative singular)
jalastansa (elative singular)
jaloistaan (elative plural)
jaloistansa (elative plural)
jalkaansa (illative singular)
jalkoihinsa (illative plural)
jalallaan (adessive singular)
jalallansa (adessive singular)
jaloillaan (adessive plural)
jaloillansa (adessive plural)
jalaltaan (ablative singular)
jalaltansa (ablative singular)
jaloiltaan (ablative plural)
jaloiltansa (ablative plural)
jalalleen (allative singular)
jalallensa (allative singular)
jaloilleen (allative plural)
jaloillensa (allative plural)
jalkanaan (essive singular)
jalkanansa (essive singular)
jalkoinaan (essive plural)
jalkoinansa (essive plural)
jalakseen (singular translative)
jalaksensa (singular translative)
jaloikseen (plural translative)
jaloiksensa (plural translative)
jalattaan (abessive singular)
jalattansa (abessive singular)
jaloittaan (abessive plural)
jaloittansa (abessive plural)
jalkansa (instructive singular)
jalkoineen (comitative plural)
jalkoinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *jalka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *jalka. Cognate with Livonian jālga, Erzya ялго (jalgo, “on foot”) and ялга (jalga, “friend”).


work out

en-verb

work out (third-person singular simple present works out, present participle working out, simple past and past participle worked out)

works out (present singular third-person)
working out (participle present)
worked out (participle past)
worked out (past)

The gravel pit had been worked out.

A worked-out chalk pit or quarry

(mining) To remove all the mineral that can be profitably exploited.


glebe

From Old French glebe, from Latin glaeba (“lump of earth, clod”). Doublet of gleba.

(mining) A piece of earth containing ore.


fireman

(mining, historical) A safety inspector in coal mines.


dirt

en-noun

dirt (usually uncountable, plural dirts)

From Middle English drit (“excrement”), from Old Norse drit (“excrement”), from Proto-Germanic *dritą, *dritō (“excrement”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreyd-, *treydʰ- (“to have diarrhea”). Cognate with Norwegian dritt (“excrement”), dialectal Swedish dret (“shit”), Icelandic drit (“bird excrement”), Dutch drijten (“to defecate”), drits (“dirt, mud, filth”) and drijt, dreet (“excrement”), Low German drieten (“to defecate”), Driet (“shit”), regional German Driss (“shit”), Old English ġedrītan (“to defecate”).

(mining) In placer mining, earth, gravel, etc., before washing.


smut

smut (countable and uncountable, plural smuts)

From Middle English smutten (“to defile, debase”), related to German Schmutz (“filth, dirt, smut”) and schmutzen (“to make dirty, stain”). Doublet of schmutz.
Compare also Old English smitta (“smear; blot; mark; stain; pollution”), Old English besmītan (“to besmut; defile; dirty; pollute; contaminate”).

cog

(mining) Bad, soft coal containing earthy matter, found in the immediate locality of faults.


raise

From Middle English reysen, raisen, reisen, from Old Norse reisa (“to raise”), from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną (“to raise”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to rise, arise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”).
Cognate with Old English rāsian (“to explore, examine, research”), Old English rīsan (“to seize, carry off”), Old English rǣran (“to raise”). Doublet of rear.

cog

1944 United States. Bureau of Mines • War Minerals Report 386. Google books
It was necessary to spile through the vug, as it was filled with mud. A raise was driven 55 feet to the surface in this vug for ventilation, and it was completed just as the demand for optical calcite ceased. The underground drifts were left well timbered, and mining of this deposit could be started with very little preliminary work.

(mining) A shaft or a winze that is dug from below, for purposes such as ventilation, local extraction of ore, or exploration.


cage

→ Zulu: ikheji

From Middle English cage, from Old French cage, from Latin cavea. Doublet of cadge and cavea and related to jail.

(mining) The drum on which the rope is wound in a hoisting whim.


crop

From Middle English crop, croppe, from Old English crop, cropp, croppa (“the head or top of a plant, a sprout or herb, a bunch or cluster of flowers, an ear of corn, the craw of a bird, a kidney”), from Proto-West Germanic *kropp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“body, trunk, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to warp, bend, crawl”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch krop (“crop”), German Low German Kropp (“a swelling on the neck, the craw, maw”), German Kropf (“the craw, ear of grain, head of lettuce or cabbage”), Swedish kropp (“body, trunk”), Icelandic kroppur (“a hunch on the body”). Related to crap, doublet of group and croup.

cog

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

(mining) An outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface.

Blüte

mining: outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface


reed

en-noun

reed (countable and uncountable, plural reeds)

From Middle English red, reed, from Old English hrēod, from Proto-West Germanic *hreud, of uncertain origin.
Akin to Saterland Frisian Rait (“reed”), West Frisian reid (“reed”), Dutch riet (“reed”), German Ried (“reed”). No cognates in North Germanic languages, but the existence of an otherwise unattested Gothic *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌳 (*hriud) was supposed by the brothers Grimm. They also theorised that the word may have a relation to the retas mentioned in Noctes Atticae (Aulus Gellius). The measuring reed sense is the translation of Akkadian qanûm ("cane") used in the Bible and elsewhere.

(mining) A tube containing the train of powder for igniting the charge in blasting.


gate

From Middle English gate, gat, ȝate, ȝeat, from Old English ġeat (“gate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gat, from Proto-Germanic *gatą (“hole, opening”).
See also Old Norse gat, Swedish and Dutch gat, Low German Gaat, Gööt.

(mining) A tunnel serving the coal face.


quarry

quarries (plural)
currie (alternative obsolete)
curry (alternative obsolete)

→ Irish: cairéal m

→ Welsh: chwarel m

From Middle English quarere, from Medieval Latin quarreria (1266), literally a “place where stones are squared”, from Old French quarrière (compare modern French carrière), from Vulgar Latin *quadraria, from Latin quadrō (“I square”), itself from quadra (“a square”), from quattuor (“four”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres (“four”).

Michelangelo personally quarried marble from the world-famous quarry at Carrara.

Yet theſe are the men cry'd out againſt for ſchiſmaticks and ſectaries; as if, while the Temple of the Lord was building, ſome cutting, ſome ſquaring the marble, others hewing the cedars, there ſhould be a ſort of irrationall men who could not conſider there muſt be many ſchiſms and many diſſections made in the quarry and the timber, ere the houſe of God can be built.

1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 32:

There have been found certain Cements under Earth, that are very ſoft, and yet taken forth into the Sun, harden as hard as Marble: There are alſo ordinary Quarries in Sommerſet-shire, which in the Quarry cut ſoft to any bigneſs, and in the Building prove firm, and hard.

1670, Francis Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [Francis Bacon], “Century V”, in Sylva Sylvarum, or, A Natural History, in Ten Centuries. Whereunto is Newly Added, the History Natural and Experimental of [Life] and Death, or of the Prolongation of Life. Published after the Authors Death. By William Rawley, Doctor in Divinity, One of His Majesties Chaplains. Whereunto is Added Articles of Inquiry, Touching Metals and Minerals. And the New Atlantis. As also the Life of the Right Honorable Francis Bacon, Never Added to this Book before. [...] With an Alphabetical Table of the Principal Things Contained in the Ten Centuries, 9th and last edition, London: Printed by J[ohn] R[edmayne] for William Lee, and are to be sold by George Sawbridg [et al.], →OCLC, paragraph 850, page 183:

There was a good quarry of limestone on the farm […]

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

This is itself a cheerless spot, particularly on a rainy day, when, overshadowed by the great massif of rock that towers in the background, and surrounded by the grey and cheerless quarries, it has a depressing character much in contrast with the green verdure encountered on the northern end of this interesting branch line.

1954 August, H. M. Madgwick, “The Blaenau Festiniog Tunnel”, in Railway Magazine, page 569:

(mining) A site for mining stone, limestone, or slate.

brott

generally, but usually only used in compounds


heading

http://undergroundcoal.com.au/fundamentals/01_process.aspx
Once access has been gained into the coal seam, workings are developed by mining a series of roadways (or headings). These roadways are tunnels largely, if not totally, within the seam, usually rectangular in shape though on occasions they may have an arched or even circular profile.

(mining) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine, particularly one driving through a solid body of coal or ore; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a drift.


trouble

trouble (countable and uncountable, plural troubles)

Jersey Dutch: tröbel

Verb is from Middle English troublen, trublen, turblen, troblen, borrowed from Old French troubler, trobler, trubler, metathetic variants of tourbler, torbler, turbler, from Vulgar Latin *turbulō, from Latin turbula (“disorderly group, a little crowd or people”), diminutive of turba (“stir; crowd”). The noun is from Middle English truble, troble, from Old French troble, from the verb.

der

picking quarrels and stirring up trouble

(mining) A fault or interruption in a stratum.


nip

nips (plural)
gnip (alternative)
knip (alternative)

From late Middle English nippen, probably of Low German or Dutch origin, probably a byform of earlier *knippen (suggested by the derivative Middle English knippette (“pincers”)), from Middle Low German knîpen, from Old Saxon *knīpan, from Proto-West Germanic *knīpan, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *knīpaną (“to pinch”).
Related to Dutch nijpen, knijpen (“to pinch”), Danish nive (“pinch”); Swedish nypa (“pinch”); Low German knipen; German kneipen and kneifen (“to pinch, cut off, nip”), Old Norse hnippa (“to prod, poke”); Lithuanian knebti.

(mining) A more or less gradual thinning out of a stratum.


mute

mute (present tense mutar, past tense muta, past participle muta, passive infinitive mutast, present participle mutande, imperative mute/mut)

mutar (present)
muta (past)
muta (participle past)
mutast (infinitive passive)
mutande (participle present)
mute (imperative)
mut (imperative)


capel

(mining) A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornblende) in the walls of tin and copper lodes.


cave

From Middle English cave, borrowed from Old French cave, from Latin cava (“cavity”), from cavus (“hollow”). Cognate with Tocharian B kor (“throat”), Albanian cup (“odd, uneven”), Ancient Greek κύαρ (kúar, “eye of needle, earhole”), Old Armenian սոր (sor, “hole”), Sanskrit शून्य (śūnya, “empty, barren, zero”). Displaced native Old English sċræf. More at cavum, cavus and cage.

cog

The "breasts" of marble which unite the opposite lateral walls have been left standing in order to prevent a possible cave of the wall on either side.

1885, Angelo Heilprin, Town Geology: The Lesson of the Philadelphia Rocks, page 79:


cave

en-verb

cave (third-person singular simple present caves, present participle caving, simple past and past participle caved)

caves (present singular third-person)
caving (participle present)
caved (participle past)
caved (past)

The deposit is caved by knocking out the posts.

(mining) In room-and-pillar mining, to extract a deposit of rock by breaking down a pillar which had been holding it in place.

As an indication of the miners' desperation in these years, the free miners of Wensley lowered themselves to caving for scraps of ore.

1999, Andy Wood, The Politics of Social Conflict: The Peak Country, 1520-1770, →ISBN, page 319:

(mining, obsolete) To work over tailings to dress small pieces of marketable ore.


okno

pl-noun

okno n (diminutive okienko, related adjective okienny)

okienko (diminutive)
okienny (adjective)
okno (nominative singular)
okna (nominative plural)
okna (genitive singular)
okien (genitive plural)
oknu (dative singular)
oknom (dative plural)
okno (accusative singular)
okna (accusative plural)
oknem (instrumental singular)
oknami (instrumental plural)
oknie (locative singular)
oknach (locative plural)
okno (singular vocative)
okna (plural vocative)
ôkno (alternative)

(mining) ventilation hole pierced in a coal wall between excavations


fang

From Middle English fang, possibly from Old English fang, feng (“grasp, catch”); alternatively borrowed from Old Norse fang (“catch”) or formed anew from the verb fangen, all from Proto-Germanic *fangą (“catch, catching, seizure”), from the verb *fanhaną (“to catch, capture”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“to attach”).
Compare Scots fang (“catch”), Dutch vang (“a catch”), Low German fangst (“a catch”), German Fang (“a catch, capture, booty”), Swedish fång, fångst, Icelandic fang. Related also to Latin pangere (“to solidify, drive in”), Albanian mpij (“to benumb, stiffen”), Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to stiffen, firm up”), Sanskrit पाशयति (pāśáyati, “(s)he binds”).

cog

(mining) A channel cut in the rock, or a pipe of wood, used for conveying air.

(mining, rare, in the plural) Catches on which the coal mining cage rests while cars are being moved on and off.


stockpile

The noun is derived from stock (“supply of anything ready for use”) + pile (“mass of things heaped together”). The verb is derived from the noun.

nuclear pile

semantically quite different from a nuclear stockpile

(mining) A pile of coal or ore heaped up on the ground after it has been mined.


stockpile

en-verb

stockpile (third-person singular simple present stockpiles, present participle stockpiling, simple past and past participle stockpiled)

stockpiles (present singular third-person)
stockpiling (participle present)
stockpiled (participle past)
stockpiled (past)

запасявам се

to accumulate or build up a supply of (something)

(mining) To heap up piles of (coal or ore) on the ground after it has been mined.


frame

frame (third-person singular simple present frames, present participle framing, simple past and past participle framed)

frames (present singular third-person)
framing (participle present)
framed (participle past)
framed (past)

→ Dutch: frame

→ German: framen

From Middle English framen, fremen, fremmen (“to construct, build, strengthen, refresh, perform, execute, profit, avail”), from Old English framian, fremian, fremman (“to profit, avail, advance”), from Proto-West Germanic *frammjan, from Proto-Germanic *framjaną (“to further, promote, perform”), from Proto-Indo-European *promo- (“front, forward”).
Cognate with Low German framen (“to commit, effect”), Danish fremme (“to promote, further, perform”), Swedish främja (“to promote, encourage, foster”), Icelandic fremja (“to commit”). More at from.

cog

(intransitive, dialectal, mining) To wash ore with the aid of a frame.


pocket

→ Japanese: ポケット

→ Welsh: poced

From Middle English pocket (“bag, sack”), from Anglo-Norman poket, Old Northern French poquet, poquete, diminutive of poque, poke (“bag, sack”) (compare modern Norman pouquette and modern French pochette from Old French pochete, from puche), from Frankish *pokō (“pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *pukkô, *pukô (“bag; pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”). Equivalent to poke + -et. Doublet of pochette. Cognate with Middle Dutch poke, Alemannic German Pfoch (“purse, bag”), Old English pocca, pohha (“poke, pouch, pocket, bag”), Old Norse poki (“bag, pocket”). Compare the related poke (“sack or bag”). See also Modern French pochette and Latin bucca.

der

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

(mining) A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or other mineral; a small body of ore contained in such a cavity.


contact

en-noun

contact (countable and uncountable, plural contacts)

From Latin contactus, from contingō (“I touch on all sides”), from tangō (“I touch”). Used in English since the 17th century.

someone with whom one is in communication

no battle plan survives contact with the enemy

no battle plan survives first contact with the enemy

no plan survives first contact with the enemy

Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond
w:Rossiter W. Raymond

(mining) The plane between two adjacent bodies of dissimilar rock.


spur

From Middle English spure, spore, from Old English spora, spura, from Proto-West Germanic *spurō, from Proto-Germanic *spurô, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”).


rack

en-verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

racks (present singular third-person)
racking (participle present)
racked (participle past)
racked (past)
rack (infinitive)
rack (first-person present singular)
racked (first-person past singular)
rack (present second-person singular)
rackest (archaic present second-person singular)
racked (past second-person singular)
rackedst (archaic past second-person singular)
racks (present singular third-person)
racketh (archaic present singular third-person)
racked (past singular third-person)
rack (plural present)
racked (past plural)
rack (present subjunctive)
racked (past subjunctive)
rack (imperative present)
racking (participle present)
racked (participle past)

From Old English reċċan (“to stretch out, extend”).

inh

(mining) To wash (metals, ore, etc.) on a rack.


station

→ Hindi: स्टेशन (sṭeśan)

→ Irish: stáisiún

→ Malay: stesen

desc

ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)

→ Punjabi: سٹیشن/ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)

→ Scottish Gaelic: stèisean

→ Swahili: stesheni

→ Urdu: سْٹیشَن (sṭeśan), اِسْٹیشَن (isṭeśan)

From Middle English stacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman estation, from Latin statiōnem, accusative of statiō (“standing, post, job, position”), whence also Italian stazione. Doublet of stagione. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Old English standan (whence English stand).

(mining) An enlargement in a shaft or galley, used as a landing, or passing place, or for the accommodation of a pump, tank, etc.


lath

laths (plural)
lat (alternative Scotland)
latt (alternative Scotland)

From Middle English laththe, laþþe, earlier lathe, laþe, altered from Old English lætt (“lath”), from Proto-West Germanic *lattu, from Proto-Germanic *lattō, *laþþō (compare Dutch lat, German Latte) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lat- (compare Welsh llath (“rod, wand, yard”)).

(mining) one of the sharp-edged, thick planks driven forward to hold back loose earth or mud when digging the way through for tunnelling or spiling. Also called a spill.


gad

From Middle English gad, gadde, borrowed from Old Norse gaddr (“goad, spike”), from Proto-Germanic *gazdaz (“spike, rod, stake”). Doublet of goad and yard.

der

I will go get a leaf of brass, / And with a gad of steel will write these words.

c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

Frank was able to keep his eyes open long enough to check his bed with a miner's gad and douse the electric lamp

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 327:

(especially mining) A pointed metal tool for breaking or chiselling rock.


placer

From American Spanish placer, from earlier placel, apparently from obsolete Portuguese placel.

Placer gold comes from the weathering of the primary veins releasing the gold to be transported by water action and concentrated in gravel or sand beds.

1995, Paul T. Craddock, Early Metal Mining and Production, page 110:

Since time immemorial, people found that they could extract the gold from placer deposits by sifting the fine-grained material through a mesh: the technique of panning.

2002, Philip Ball, The Elements: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, published 2004, page 46:

He still ran a placer mine in the Interior.

2008, Tanyo Ravicz, Of Knives and Men: Alaskans, page 77:

(mining) alluvial; occurring in a deposit of sand or earth on a river-bed or bank, particularly with reference to precious metals such as gold or silver


placer

Related to placel (“sandbank”), from plaza (“place”).

(geology, mining) placer (place where the superficial detritus is washed for gold)


gangue

en-noun

gangue (countable and uncountable, plural gangues)

Borrowed from French gangue. Doublet of gang.

Thus the percentage recovery of metal from the ore was much higher than in the primitive process where the semi-vitrified gangue and half-smelted ore are typically rich in prills of copper and copper minerals.

1995, Paul T. Craddock, Early Metal Mining and Production, page 147:

(mining) The earthy waste substances occurring in metallic ore.


gangue

A borrowing from German Gang (“way, path, trail, track, course, line, duct”).


shield

From Middle English scheld, shelde, from Old English scield (“shield”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeldu, from Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“cut, split”). Cognate with West Frisian skyld, Dutch schild (“shield”), German Schild (“shield”), Danish skjold (“shield”), Icelandic skjöldur (“shield”) and Faroese skjøldur (“shield”).
Compare Latin scūtum (“shield”), Irish sciath (“shield”), Latgalian škīda (“shield”), Lithuanian skydas (“shield”), Russian щит (ščit, “shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”), *skey- (“to cut, split”).

noncog

The earth was excavated from the sunken cylinder; the shield was inserted into it, and the tunnelling began, the target being Wapping, on the opposite bank. The shield was an iron honeycomb containing thirty-six cells within which men dug the wall of mud before them.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 88:

Anything that protects or defends; defense; shelter; protection.

(mining, tunnelling) A framework used to protect workmen in making an adit under ground, and capable of being pushed along as excavation progresses.


штуф

ru-noun+

штуф • (štuf) m inan (genitive шту́фа, nominative plural шту́фы, genitive plural шту́фов)

štuf (romanization)
шту́фа (genitive)
шту́фы (nominative plural)
шту́фов (genitive plural)
шту́ф (nominative singular)
шту́фы (nominative plural)
шту́фа (genitive singular)
шту́фов (genitive plural)
шту́фу (dative singular)
шту́фам (dative plural)
шту́ф (accusative singular)
шту́фы (accusative plural)
шту́фом (instrumental singular)
шту́фами (instrumental plural)
шту́фе (prepositional singular)
шту́фах (plural prepositional)

Borrowed from German Stufe (“an aggregation of standalone and well-crystallized mineral”).


laki

laki (nominative singular)
lait (nominative plural)
laki (accusative nominative singular)
lait (accusative nominative plural)
lain (accusative genitive singular)
lait (accusative genitive plural)
lain (genitive singular)
lakien (genitive plural)
lakia (partitive singular)
lakeja (partitive plural)
laissa (inessive singular)
laeissa (inessive plural)
laista (elative singular)
laeista (elative plural)
lakiin (illative singular)
lakeihin (illative plural)
lailla (adessive singular)
laeilla (adessive plural)
lailta (ablative singular)
laeilta (ablative plural)
laille (allative singular)
laeille (allative plural)
lakina (essive singular)
lakeina (essive plural)
laiksi (singular translative)
laeiksi (plural translative)
laitta (abessive singular)
laeitta (abessive plural)
laein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
lakini (nominative singular)
lakini (nominative plural)
lakini (accusative nominative singular)
lakini (accusative nominative plural)
lakini (accusative genitive singular)
lakini (accusative genitive plural)
lakini (genitive singular)
lakieni (genitive plural)
lakiani (partitive singular)
lakejani (partitive plural)
laissani (inessive singular)
laeissani (inessive plural)
laistani (elative singular)
laeistani (elative plural)
lakiini (illative singular)
lakeihini (illative plural)
laillani (adessive singular)
laeillani (adessive plural)
lailtani (ablative singular)
laeiltani (ablative plural)
lailleni (allative singular)
laeilleni (allative plural)
lakinani (essive singular)
lakeinani (essive plural)
laikseni (singular translative)
laeikseni (plural translative)
laittani (abessive singular)
laeittani (abessive plural)
lakeineni (comitative plural)
lakisi (nominative singular)
lakisi (nominative plural)
lakisi (accusative nominative singular)
lakisi (accusative nominative plural)
lakisi (accusative genitive singular)
lakisi (accusative genitive plural)
lakisi (genitive singular)
lakiesi (genitive plural)
lakiasi (partitive singular)
lakejasi (partitive plural)
laissasi (inessive singular)
laeissasi (inessive plural)
laistasi (elative singular)
laeistasi (elative plural)
lakiisi (illative singular)
lakeihisi (illative plural)
laillasi (adessive singular)
laeillasi (adessive plural)
lailtasi (ablative singular)
laeiltasi (ablative plural)
laillesi (allative singular)
laeillesi (allative plural)
lakinasi (essive singular)
lakeinasi (essive plural)
laiksesi (singular translative)
laeiksesi (plural translative)
laittasi (abessive singular)
laeittasi (abessive plural)
lakeinesi (comitative plural)
lakimme (nominative singular)
lakimme (nominative plural)
lakimme (accusative nominative singular)
lakimme (accusative nominative plural)
lakimme (accusative genitive singular)
lakimme (accusative genitive plural)
lakimme (genitive singular)
lakiemme (genitive plural)
lakiamme (partitive singular)
lakejamme (partitive plural)
laissamme (inessive singular)
laeissamme (inessive plural)
laistamme (elative singular)
laeistamme (elative plural)
lakiimme (illative singular)
lakeihimme (illative plural)
laillamme (adessive singular)
laeillamme (adessive plural)
lailtamme (ablative singular)
laeiltamme (ablative plural)
laillemme (allative singular)
laeillemme (allative plural)
lakinamme (essive singular)
lakeinamme (essive plural)
laiksemme (singular translative)
laeiksemme (plural translative)
laittamme (abessive singular)
laeittamme (abessive plural)
lakeinemme (comitative plural)
lakinne (nominative singular)
lakinne (nominative plural)
lakinne (accusative nominative singular)
lakinne (accusative nominative plural)
lakinne (accusative genitive singular)
lakinne (accusative genitive plural)
lakinne (genitive singular)
lakienne (genitive plural)
lakianne (partitive singular)
lakejanne (partitive plural)
laissanne (inessive singular)
laeissanne (inessive plural)
laistanne (elative singular)
laeistanne (elative plural)
lakiinne (illative singular)
lakeihinne (illative plural)
laillanne (adessive singular)
laeillanne (adessive plural)
lailtanne (ablative singular)
laeiltanne (ablative plural)
laillenne (allative singular)
laeillenne (allative plural)
lakinanne (essive singular)
lakeinanne (essive plural)
laiksenne (singular translative)
laeiksenne (plural translative)
laittanne (abessive singular)
laeittanne (abessive plural)
lakeinenne (comitative plural)
lakinsa (nominative singular)
lakinsa (nominative plural)
lakinsa (accusative nominative singular)
lakinsa (accusative nominative plural)
lakinsa (accusative genitive singular)
lakinsa (accusative genitive plural)
lakinsa (genitive singular)
lakiensa (genitive plural)
lakiaan (partitive singular)
lakiansa (partitive singular)
lakejaan (partitive plural)
lakejansa (partitive plural)
laissaan (inessive singular)
laissansa (inessive singular)
laeissaan (inessive plural)
laeissansa (inessive plural)
laistaan (elative singular)
laistansa (elative singular)
laeistaan (elative plural)
laeistansa (elative plural)
lakiinsa (illative singular)
lakeihinsa (illative plural)
laillaan (adessive singular)
laillansa (adessive singular)
laeillaan (adessive plural)
laeillansa (adessive plural)
lailtaan (ablative singular)
lailtansa (ablative singular)
laeiltaan (ablative plural)
laeiltansa (ablative plural)
lailleen (allative singular)
laillensa (allative singular)
laeilleen (allative plural)
laeillensa (allative plural)
lakinaan (essive singular)
lakinansa (essive singular)
lakeinaan (essive plural)
lakeinansa (essive plural)
laikseen (singular translative)
laiksensa (singular translative)
laeikseen (plural translative)
laeiksensa (plural translative)
laittaan (abessive singular)
laittansa (abessive singular)
laeittaan (abessive plural)
laeittansa (abessive plural)
lakeineen (comitative plural)
lakeinensa (comitative plural)

→ Ingrian: (obsolete) laki

Borrowed from Old Swedish lagh (compare Swedish lag), from Old Norse lǫg. Doublet of lako and laki (“summit; ceiling”).

doublet

(mining) crown (highest point or part of a tunnel)


return

en-noun

return (countable and uncountable, plural returns)

returns (plural)
returne (alternative obsolete)
retvrn (alternative Internet)

From Middle English returnen, retornen, from Anglo-Norman returner, from Old French retourner, retorner, from Medieval Latin retornare (“to turn back”), from re- + tornare (“to turn”). Compare beturn.

der

(mining) A roadway along which foul air travels from the face on its way out of the mine.


panel

From Middle English panel (“piece of cloth, saddle pad, pane of glass, piece of ice, part, division, jury list, jury members”), from Anglo-Norman panel, panelle (“piece of cloth, saddle cushion”), from Vulgar Latin *pannellus, diminutive of Latin pannus (“cloth, rag, garment”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂n- (“fabric”). Cognate with Old English fana (“a piece of cloth, patch, banner, flag, vane”). Doublet of vane.

cog

(mining) One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal.


rider

[ˈɹ̠aɪdə(ɹ̠)]

/ˈɹɑɪ.də(ɹ)/

[ˈɹ̠ʷɑe̯də(ɹʷ)]

[ˈɹ̠aɪɾ(ə)ɹ̠]

[ˈɹ̠əjɾ(ə)ɹ̠]

writer (with flapping but without Canadian raising)

From Middle English ryder, ridere, from Late Old English rīdere (“rider, knight”). Compare Dutch rijder, German Reiter. By surface analysis, ride + -er.

kalorës

one who rides — see also cyclist, driver

допълни́телна кла́уза

politics: additional provision annexed to a bill

дополне́ние

к докуме́нту

(mining, now rare) Rock material in a vein of ore, dividing it.


gob

Back-formation from gobbing, or a specified use of Etymology 1, above.

This consisted in wheeling gob back to the most distant part of the stope and filling up the sets right up to the roof.

1930, Engineering and Mining Journal, volume 130, page 330:

(uncountable, mining) Waste material in old mine workings, goaf.


gob

en-verb

gob (third-person singular simple present gobs, present participle gobbing, simple past and past participle gobbed)

gobs (present singular third-person)
gobbing (participle present)
gobbed (participle past)
gobbed (past)

(mining, intransitive) To pack away waste material in order to support the walls of the mine.


brow

From Middle English browe, from Old English brū, from Proto-West Germanic *brāwu, from Proto-Germanic *brūwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs (“brow”).
Compare Middle Irish brúad, Tocharian B pärwāne (“eyebrows”), Lithuanian bruvi̇̀s, Serbo-Croatian obrva, Russian бровь (brovʹ), Ancient Greek ὀφρύς (ophrús), Sanskrit भ्रू (bhrū)), Persian ابرو (abru, “eyebrow”), Khowar بروُ (bruú).

(mining) A gallery in a coal mine running across the face of the coal.


lodge

→ Dutch: lodge

From Middle English logge, from Old French loge (“arbour, covered walk-way”), from Frankish *laubijā (“shelter; arbour”), from Proto-West Germanic *laub (“leaf; folliage”) (whence English leaf).
See also (compare cognate Medieval Latin lobia, laubia; also Old High German louba (“porch, gallery”) (German Laube (“bower, arbor”)), Old High German loub (“leaf, foliage”), Old English lēaf (“leaf, foliage”). Doublet of loggia and lobby.

cog

(mining) The space at the mouth of a level next to the shaft, widened to permit wagons to pass, or ore to be deposited for hoisting; called also platt.


cager

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cager.wav

(mining) A person or machine responsible for managing a mineshaft cage.


cog

Inherited from Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).
The meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.

der

(mining) One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.


dram

desctree

→ Danish: dram
→ Faroese: drammur
→ Norwegian: dram

→ Scottish Gaelic: dràm

From Middle English dragme, dramme, from Old French dragme, drame, from Late Latin dragma, from Latin drachma, from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ, “unit of weight; a handful”). Doublet of drachma, diram, dirham, dirhem, and adarme.

doublet

The rolling stock, consisting entirely of four-wheel open trucks, or drams, was broken up at Bonvilles Court Colliery.

1946 November and December, “The Saundersfoot Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 340:

(historical, mining) A cart formerly used to haul coal in coal mines.


gadder

(mining, historical) A drilling or perforating machine or apparatus for mining and mineral exploration.


gouge

en-noun

gouge (countable and uncountable, plural gouges)

From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbiā, from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbi, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

inh

At some of the mines on the great Mother Lode, where hundreds of tons are not unfrequently thrown down at a blast, and where a wide, soft "gouge" along one wall enables the minder to keep two or three sides of the rock free, and give the powder the greatest opportunity to "lift" without waste of power, the cost of drilling and blasting per ton is so low that a reduction of one-third, even if it could be made, would not greatly affect the general count; […]

1869, Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond, “Giant Powder and Common Powder”, in The Mines of the West: A Report to the Secretary of the Treasury, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company […], →OCLC, page 34:

The geologic relations seen at the surface continue underground, but in addition 5 to 10 feet of gouge, dipping 68°E, is found to separate the serpentine from the ore zone. The gouge is not sufficiently resistant to erosion to crop out. […] A "bull" quartz vein occurs in places along the contact of the gouge and the ore zone. It does not constitute ore.

1930, Edward Wilber Berry, “Systematic Descriptions”, in Revision of the Lower Eocene Wilcox Flora of the Southeastern States: With Descriptions of New Species, Chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky ([United States] Geological Survey Professional Paper; 156), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 83, column 1:

(mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein of ore.

harina

(mining) soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein


jig

Unknown. Derivation from Middle English gyge (“fiddle”), from Old French gigue (“a fiddle”) has been proposed, but the connection and sense development are obscure. The sense “a type of dance” of modern French gigue is borrowed from English.

(mining) An apparatus or machine for jigging ore.

rosta

mining: apparatus or machine for jigging ore


jig

en-verb

jig (third-person singular simple present jigs, present participle jigging, simple past and past participle jigged)

jigs (present singular third-person)
jigging (participle present)
jigged (participle past)
jigged (past)

(mining) To sort or separate, as ore in a jigger or sieve.


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

(mining) The sieve used in sorting or separating ore.

(mining) One who jigs; a miner who sorts or cleans ore by the process of jigging.


lander

(mining) A person who waits at the mouth of the shaft to receive the kibble of ore.


riffle

Possible alteration of ruffle, from Middle English ruffelen, akin to Low German ruffelen (“to crumple”).

(mining) A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when auriferous earth is washed. Also one of the cleats, grooves or steps in such trough.

корито

mining: trough or sluice, or the cleats or grooves in it


salina

salina (nominative singular)
saliny (nominative plural)
saliny (genitive singular)
salin (genitive plural)
salinie (dative singular)
salinom (dative plural)
salinę (accusative singular)
saliny (accusative plural)
saliną (instrumental singular)
salinami (instrumental plural)
salinie (locative singular)
salinach (locative plural)
salino (singular vocative)
saliny (plural vocative)


slurry

en-noun

slurry (countable and uncountable, plural slurries)

Unclear; probably related to Middle English sloor (“thin or fluid mud”); compare slur. From mid-15th c.

cog

Slurry tailings ponds are by far the major type of containment facilities for slurry tailings.

2006, Raymond N. Yong, Catherine N. Mulligan, Masaharu Fukue, Geoenvironmental Sustainability, page 145:

mountain top removal mining
mountain top removal mining

(mining) Liquid waste from some types of mining, such as mountain top removal mining, usually very toxic and stored nearby in large dams.


spavin

(mining) The stratum of earth underneath a coal deposit.


thrum

From Middle English thrum, throm (> Anglo-French trome), from Old English *þrum (found in tungeþrum (“ligament of the tongue”)) from Proto-Germanic *þrumą. Cognate with German Trumm, Trümmer and Old Norse thrǫmr (“edge, brim”).

(mining) A shove out of place; a small displacement or fault along a seam.


fuse

From Italian fuso and French fusée, from Latin fūsus (“spindle”).

(manufacturing, mining, military) The mechanism that ignites the charge in an explosive device; a detonator.


banker

From bank (“an elevation, or rising ground”) + -er (relational noun suffix) or + -er (occupational suffix).


bonanza

→ Polish: bonanza

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-der.
Ancient Greek μᾰλᾰκός (mălăkós)
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek μᾰλᾰκῐ́ᾱ (mălăkĭ́ā)bor.
Latin malacia
Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-der.?
Proto-Italic *dwenos
Old Latin duenos
Old Latin duonus
Latin bonusinflu.
Vulgar Latin *bonacia
Spanish bonanzabor.
English bonanza
Borrowed from Spanish bonanza (“dead calm, fair weather, good luck, rich lode”), from Vulgar Latin *bonacia (“lull, dead calm”), influenced by bonus (“good”) under the false impression that initial mal- is a derivate of malus (“bad”).

der

(mining) A rich mine or vein of silver or gold.


bonanza

bonanza (nominative singular)
bonanzy (nominative plural)
bonanzy (genitive singular)
bonanz (genitive plural)
bonanzie (dative singular)
bonanzom (dative plural)
bonanzę (accusative singular)
bonanzy (accusative plural)
bonanzą (instrumental singular)
bonanzami (instrumental plural)
bonanzie (locative singular)
bonanzach (locative plural)
bonanzo (singular vocative)
bonanzy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English bonanza, from Spanish bonanza, from Vulgar Latin *bonacia, alteration of malacia.

(literary, mining) bonanza (rich mine or vein of silver or gold)


brace

From Middle English brace, from Old French brace (“arm”), from Latin bracchia, the nominative and accusative plural of bracchium (“arm”).

(British, Cornwall, mining) The mouth of a shaft.


cradle

From Middle English cradel, credel, from Old English cradol, from Proto-West Germanic *kradul, from Proto-Germanic *kradulaz, from Proto-Germanic *kradô (“(wicker) basket”). Related to cart.

the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

Rough men brought pickle bottles full of nuggets. Mysterious dirty-looking calico bags were opened, disclosing small quantities of water-worn flaky gold, which had been washed out of the beds of rivers with a cradle.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 146:

(mining) A machine on rockers, used in washing out auriferous earth.

rocker

machine on rockers used in washing out auriferous earth

(mining) A suspended scaffold used in shafts.


daze

From Middle English, back-formation from dazed.
Compare dasask (“to become weary”), with reflexive suffix -sk, Swedish dasa (“lie idly”), and Icelandic dasask (“to make weary with cold”). Also compare Proto-Germanic *dusāną, to slumber.
Alternatively from Middle Dutch dasen (“act silly”).


drift

en-noun

drift (countable and uncountable, plural drifts)

From Middle English drift, dryft (“act of driving, drove, shower of rain or snow, impulse”), from Old English *drift (“drift”), from Proto-Germanic *driftiz (“drift”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Equivalent to drive + -t; cognate with North Frisian drift (“drift”), Saterland Frisian Drift (“current, flow, stream, drift”), Dutch drift (“drift, passion, urge”), German Drift (“drift”) and Trift (“drove, pasture”), Danish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Swedish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Icelandic drift (“drift, snow-drift”).

cog

(mining) A passage driven or cut between shaft and shaft; a driftway; a small subterranean gallery.

tunneli

passage driven or cut between shaft and shaft; a driftway; a small subterranean gallery; an adit or tunnel

(mining) An adit or tunnel driven forward for purposes of exploration or exploitation; generally eventually to a dead end.

(mining) A sloping winze or road to the surface, for purposes of haulage.

(mining) In a coal mine, a heading driven for exploration or ventilation.

(mining) Of a boring or a driven tunnel: deviation from the intended course.

(mining) A heading driven through a seam of coal.


drift

en-verb

drift (third-person singular simple present drifts, present participle drifting, simple past and past participle drifted)

drifts (present singular third-person)
drifting (participle present)
drifted (participle past)
drifted (past)

(mining, US) To make a drift; to examine a vein or ledge for the purpose of ascertaining the presence of metals or ores; to follow a vein; to prospect.


fret

From Middle English frēten (“to eat (at), corrode, destroy, annoy”), from Old English fretan (“to eat up, devour; to fret; to break, burst”), from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną (“to consume, devour, eat up”), from Proto-Germanic *fra- (“for-, prefix meaning ‘completely, fully’”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forward, toward”)) + *etaną (“to eat”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)).
The senses meaning “to chafe, rub” could also be due to sound-association with Anglo-Norman *freiter (modern dialectal French fretter), from Vulgar Latin *frictāre, frequentative of Latin fricāre, from fricō (“to chafe, rub”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”); compare Old French froter (modern French frotter). The chief difficulty is the lack of evidence of the Old French word.
Cognates
*Dutch vreten, fretten (“to devour, hog, wolf”)
*Low German freten (“to eat up”)
*German fressen (“to devour, gobble up, guzzle”)
*Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan, “to devour”)
*Swedish fräta (“to eat away, corrode, fret”)
*Danish fråse (“to gorge”)

cog

Then we obſerve the Frets in the Banks of Rivers that are newly made by any great Land-Flood, which uſually are then very clean, to ſee, if happily we can diſcover any metalline Stones in the Sides and Bottoms thereof, together with the Caſt of the Country (i.e. any earth of a different colour from the reſt of the Bank), which is a great help to direct us, which ſide or hill to ſearch into.

1716, “[The Tin Mines in Devonshire and Cornwal] [marginal note]”, in John Lowthorp, editor, The Philosophical Transactions, and Collections, to the End of the Year 1700, Abridg’d and Dispos’d under General Heads, volume II (Containing All the Physiological Papers), London: Printed for Robert Knaplock, at the Bishop's-Head; Richard Wilkin, at the King's-Head; and Henry Clements, at the Half-Moon in St. Paul's Church-yard, →OCLC, page 566:

(mining, in the plural) The worn sides of riverbanks, where ores or stones containing them accumulate after being washed down from higher ground, which thus indicate to miners the locality of veins of ore.


gang

en-noun

gang (countable and uncountable, plural gangs)


gang

gang m (definite singular gangen, indefinite plural ganger, definite plural gangene)

gangen (definite singular)
ganger (indefinite plural)
gangene (definite plural)

From Old Norse gangr, also related to gå.


gang

gang m (definite singular gangen, indefinite plural gangar, definite plural gangane)

gangen (definite singular)
gangar (indefinite plural)
gangane (definite plural)


girdle

From Middle English girdel, gerdel, gurdel, from Old English gyrdel, from Proto-West Germanic *gurdil, from Proto-Germanic *gurdilaz (“girdle, belt”), equivalent to gird + -le.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gäddel (“belt”), West Frisian gurdle, gurle, gurl (“belt”), Dutch gordel (“belt”), German Gürtel (“belt”), Yiddish גאַרטל (gartl, “belt”) (whence gartel, a doublet of girdle), Swedish gördel (“girdle”), Icelandic gyrðill (“girdle”).

inh

(mining) A thin bed or stratum of stone.


heave

en-verb

heave (third-person singular simple present heaves, present participle heaving, simple past heaved or (nautical or occasional) hove, past participle heaved or (obsolete, dialectal or nautical) hove or hoven or heft)

heaves (present singular third-person)
heaving (participle present)
heaved (past)
hove (past)
heaved (participle past)
hove (dialectal obsolete participle past)
hoven (participle past)
heft (participle past)

→ Danish: hive

→ Faroese: hiva

desc

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hiva, hive (e and split infinitives)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hive

→ Scanian: hyva

Hallandian: hiva

→ Swedish: hiva

Sudermannian: hyva

From Middle English heven, hebben, from Old English hebban, from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, from the root *keh₂p-. See also have.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian heffe, Dutch heffen ("to raise", "to lift"), German heben ("to raise", "to lift"), Danish hæve ("to raise", "to lift"), Albanian kap (“I grasp, seize”), Old Irish cáin (“law, tribute”), cacht (“prisoner”), Latin capiō (“to take”), Latvian kàmpt (“to seize”), Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō, “to gulp down”), κώπη (kṓpē, “handle”)).

cog

(transitive, mining, geology) To displace (a vein, stratum).


nanny

Constantijn Huygens Jr.
Nanny (disambiguation)

From nan (“grandmother; nursemaid”) + -y. The root is from nana (“grandma; nanny”), which is from nanna (“grandmother”), which is possibly derived from Proto-Celtic *nana (“grandmother”). See also Proto-Brythonic *nanī, Welsh nain (“grandmother”), Galician nana (“mama”), Spanish nana (“granny; nanny; mommy; housekeeper”), Sicilian nanna (“grandma”), Italian nonna (“granny”), Late Latin nonna (“nun; tutoress; old woman”), Norman nonne (“nun”), Old French nonain (“nun”). All probably ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root imitative of a child babbling, similar to Ancient Greek νάννα (nánna).
(1795) It has often been assumed that the English term was originally a widespread child's word for "female adult other than mother" (compare Greek νάννα (nánna, “aunt”), nanna).
On the other hand, according to recent research of the Dutch historical linguists Hans Beelen and Nicoline van der Sijs (published in Onze Taal, September 2018), on which see also etymologiebank.nl, in Dutch), the term nanny (and the British colloquial nan for "grandmother") may actually be eponymous, viz. being originally an affective form (i.e. a hypocoristic) of the popular female name Anne. The Dutch statesman and scientist Constantijn Huygens Jr. made the following observation during one of his many sojourns in England (noted in his Journaal, dated 13 December 1692): "Yesterday I received 10lb of chocolate again, from niece Becker, and she had Nanny, her maid, bringing me the money that she had owed me" (Gisteren kreegh 10 ℔ choccolate wederom van nicht Becker, en had Nanny, haer meidt, geweest om mij 't geldt, dat van haer hebben most, te brengen). Beelen and van der Sijs therefore assumed that "since many female domestic servants were named "Nan" or "Nanny", the name became a sobriquet for the profession of "maid, childminder" in the 18ᵗʰ century". ("Omdat veel vrouwelijke huisbedienden in het Engels de voornaam Nan of Nanny hadden, verschoof de betekenis in de achttiende eeuw naar die van een beroepsaanduiding: ‘meid, kindermeisje’")

onomatopoeic

imitative

child's word

(mining) Synonym of sylvester (“device for pulling out pit props”).


rapper

(historical, mining) A swinging knocker for making signals at the mouth of a shaft.


rave

From Middle French rave (14th c.), from Franco-Provençal râva, from Latin rāpum. Compare the inherited Old French form reve (12th c.).


sett

A variant of set to distinguish various technical senses.

[…] let the dialler, with the same instrument he uses underground, run a north and south line on the surface, in any convenient part of the sett, marking the extremities by well-fixed points, […]

(mining) A mine or set of mines on lease.

After a delay of about three months, the 24 inches sett of pumps was ready for work, and sinking was resumed with one sett of pumps 18 inches in diameter in No. 1 pit, and one sett 24 inches in diameter in No. 2 pit; […]

1898, The Mining Engineer, Great Britain: Institution of Mining Engineers, page 196:

(mining) A collection of pumps in a mine.


slack

Probably from German Schlacke (“dross, slag”). Doublet of slag.

One of the important improvements of recent years has been attained by mixing the peat pulp as it passes through the grinding machine, with other inflammable materials, such as bituminous coal dust, or slack […]

1905, Colliery Engineer, volume 25, page 107:

It had rather a woolly and uneven beat and was inclined to prime, but there was no trouble with steaming even though the tender contained mostly small slack and dust.

1959 April, P. Ransome-Wallis, “The Southern in Trouble on the Kent Coast”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 220:


spire

From Middle English spire, spyre, spier, spir, from Old English spīr, from Proto-Germanic *spīrō, *spīrǭ (“peak; point; tip; stalk”). Cognate with Dutch spier, German Low German Spier, German Spier, Spiere, Danish spir, Norwegian spir and spire, Swedish spira, Icelandic spíra.

(mining) A tube or fuse for communicating fire to the charge in blasting.


trapper

From trap + -er, compare french trappeur.

(mining, historical) A worker (usually a child) who opens and shuts a door in a gallery or level of a mine, to manage ventilation and access.


wailer

From wail + -er; see wail (“choose, select”).

(mining, historical) A boy employed to pick out stones, pyrites, etc. remaining in the coal after it is screened.


ringer

From Middle English ringere, rynger, ryngar, equivalent to ring (“to sound a bell”) + -er.


bedrock

en-noun

bedrock (countable and uncountable, plural bedrocks)

From bed (“a layer on top of which something else rests.”) + rock.

compound

bed<t:a layer on top of which something else rests.>

The denudation of the land was upon a grand scale. All superficial accumulations were swept away, and the bedrock was exposed.

1880, Mark Twain [pseudonym] (Samuel L[anghorne] Clemens), chapter XL, in A Tramp Abroad; […], Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company; London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 466:

Listen! It's big. Only eight to twenty feet to bedrock. There won't be a claim that don't run to half a million.

1912 October, Jack London, “The Stampede to Squaw Creek”, in Smoke Bellew, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co, →OCLC:

(countable, uncountable, geology, mining, engineering, construction) The solid rock found at some depth below the ground surface.


bunny

bunnies (plural)
bunney (alternative)
bonie (alternative)

From Middle English bony, boni (“swelling, tumor”), from Old French bugne, buigne (“swelling, lump”), from Old Frankish *bungjo (“swelling, bump”), from Proto-Germanic *bungô, *bunkô (“lump, clump, heap, crowd”). More at bunion, bunch.

(mining) A sudden enlargement or mass of ore, as opposed to a vein or lode.


butty

But Alfred Charlesworth did not forgive the butty these public-house sayings. Consequently, although Morel was a good miner, sometimes earning as much as five pounds a week when he married, [...]

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 1, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

(mining) A miner who works under contract, receiving a fixed amount per ton of coal or ore.


squat

From Middle English squatten, from Old French esquatir, escatir (“compress, press down, lay flat, crush”), from es- (“ex-”) + quatir (“press down, flatten”), from Vulgar Latin *coactire (“press together, force”), from Latin coāctus, perfect passive participle of cōgō (“force together, compress”).
The sense “nothing” may be the source or a derivation of diddly-squat.


reservoir

rêsérvoir (canonical)
reservoir-reservoir (plural)

From Dutch reservoir, from French réservoir.

(mining) a small intercellular space, often containing resin, essential oil, or some other secreted matter


shift

en-noun

shift (countable and uncountable, plural shifts)

The noun is from Middle English schyft, shyffte. Cognate with German Schicht (“layer, shift”).
The verb is from Middle English schiften, from Old English sċiftan (“to divide, separate into shares; appoint, ordain; arrange, organise”), from Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną, *skiptijaną, from earlier *skipatjaną (“to organise, put in order”), from Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”). Cognate with Scots schift, skift (“to shift”), West Frisian skifte, skiftsje (“to sort”), Dutch schiften (“to sort, screen, winnow, part”), German schichten (“to stack, layer”), Swedish skifta (“to shift, change, exchange, vary”), Norwegian skifte (“to shift”), Icelandic skipta (“to switch”). See ship.

cog

(mining) A breaking off and dislocation of a seam; a fault.


ripper

(mining) A hook-like tool used to tear away ore, rock, etc.

(mining) A person employed to tear away ore, rock, etc. to make a passage for material to be carried to the surface.


warrant

en-noun

warrant (countable and uncountable, plural warrants)

warrants (plural)
warraunt (alternative)

→ Cantonese: 窩輪 /窝轮 (wo¹ leon⁴⁻²), 花令

→ Italian: warrant

→ Malay: waran

The noun is derived from Middle English warant (“protector; guard, shield, protection”), from Anglo-Norman warrant, Old Northern French warant, warand, a variant of Old French guarant, garant, garand (“assurance, guarantee; authorization, permission; protector; protection, safety”) (modern French garant), from Frankish *warand, present participle of *warjan (“to fend off; to stop, thwart”). The word is cognate with Old High German werento (“guarantor”).
The verb is derived from Middle English warrant, waranten (“to give protection; to protect, shield; to assure, pledge, promise; to guarantee”), from Anglo-Norman warantir, warandir, warentir, and Old Northern French warandir, warantir, variant forms of Old French guarantir (“to protect”) (modern French garantir), a Romance formation from the noun guarant: see above.

inh

(mining, uncountable) Underclay in a coal mine.


sink

a bathroom sink sink (canonical)
sinks (plural)

From Middle English synken, from Old English sincan, from Proto-West Germanic *sinkwan, from Proto-Germanic *sinkwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷ- (“to fall, sink”).
Compare West Frisian sinke, Low German sinken, Dutch zinken, German sinken, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål synke, Swedish sjunka. In the causative sense, it replaced Old English senċan (“make sink”) from Proto-Germanic *sankwijaną.

der

(mining) An excavation smaller than a shaft.


bunch

From Middle English bunche, bonche (“hump, swelling”), of uncertain origin.
Perhaps a variant of *bunge (compare dialectal bung (“heap, grape bunch”)), from Proto-Germanic *bunkō, *bunkô, *bungǭ (“heap, crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ-, *bʰénǵʰus (“thick, dense, fat”). Cognates include Saterland Frisian Bunke (“bone”), West Frisian bonke (“bone, lump, bump”), Dutch bonk (“lump, bone”), Low German Bunk (“bone”), German Bunge (“tuber”), Danish bunke (“heap, pile”), Faroese bunki (“heap, pile”); Hittite [Term?] (/panku/, “total, entire”), Tocharian B pkante (“volume, fatness”), Lithuanian búožė (“knob”), Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús, “thick”), Kamkata-viri břẽć, břez (“berry tree”), Prasuni vuzra (“berry tree”), Sanskrit बहु (bahú, “thick; much”)).
Alternatively, perhaps from a variant or diminutive of bump (compare hump/hunch, lump/lunch, etc.); or from dialectal Old French bonge (“bundle”) (compare French bongeau, bonjeau, bonjot), from West Flemish bondje, diminutive of West Flemish bond (“bundle”).

cog

The ore may be disseminated throughout the matrix in minute particles, as gold in quartz; in parallel threads, strings, and plates, as with copper; in irregular pockets or bunches

1874, David Page, Economic Geology: Or, Geology in Its Relations to the Arts and Manufactures:

(geology, mining) An unusual concentration of ore in a lode or a small, discontinuous occurrence or patch of ore in the wallrock.


garland

From Middle English garland, garlaunde, gerland, from Old French garlande, garlaunde, gerlande, guerlande (compare French guirlande), from Frankish *wierlōn, *wieralōn, a frequentative form of Frankish *wierōn (“to adorn, bedeck”), from *wiera (“a gold thread”), from or related to Proto-Germanic *wīraz.
Akin to Old High German wieren (“to adorn”), Old High German wiara (“gold thread”). More at wire.

(mining) A metal gutter placed round a mineshaft on the inside, to catch water running down inside the shaft and run it into a drainpipe.


tunnel

→ Afrikaans: tonnel

→ Armenian: թունել (tʻunel)

→ Czech: tunel

→ Danish: tunnel

→ Dutch: tunnel

→ Finnish: tunneli

desctree

→ French: tunnel
Haitian Creole: tinèl
→ Armenian: թիւնէլ (tʻiwnēl)
→ Ottoman Turkish: تونل (tünel), طونل (tünel)
Turkish: tünel
→ Romanian: tunel

→ German: Tunnel

→ Greek: τούνελ (toúnel)

→ Italian: tunnel

→ Japanese: トンネル

→ Korean: 터널 (teoneol)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tunnel, tunell

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tunnel, tunell

→ Polish: tunel

→ Portuguese: túnel

→ Russian: тунне́ль (tunnélʹ)

→ Kazakh: түнел (tünel)

→ Scottish Gaelic: tunail

→ Serbo-Croatian: tùnēl

→ Spanish: túnel

→ Swedish: tunnel

→ Uzbek: tunnel

From Middle French tonnelle (“net”) or tonel (“cask”), diminutive of Old French tonne (“cask”), a word of uncertain origin and affiliation. Related to Old English tunne (“tun; cask; barrel”). More at tun.

(mining) A level passage driven across the measures, or at right angles to veins which it is desired to reach; distinguished from the drift, or gangway, which is led along the vein when reached by the tunnel.


screen

screens (plural)
skreen (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English scren, screne (“windscreen, firescreen”), from Anglo-Norman escren (“firescreen, the tester of a bed”), Old French escren, escrein, escran (modern French écran (“screen”)), from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch *skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, shelter, covering, screen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Dutch scherm (“screen”), German Schirm (“screen”). Doublet of scherm.
An alternative etymology derives Old French escren, escran from Old Dutch *scranc (“barrier”) (compare Middle Dutch schranc, schranke (“palisade, trellis, grid”), German Schrank (“cupboard, cabinet”), German Schranke (“fence”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skrank, from Proto-Germanic *skrankaz.

skerm

viewing area of electronic output device

A material woven from fine wires intended to block animals or large particles from passing while allowing gasses, liquids and finer particles to pass.

(mining, quarrying) A frame supporting a mesh of bars or wires used to classify fragments of stone by size, allowing the passage of fragments whose a diameter is smaller than the distance between the bars or wires.


district

→ Luganda: disitulikit

From French district, from Medieval Latin districtus (“a district within which the lord may distrain, also jurisdiction”), from Latin districtus, past participle of distringere (“to draw asunder, compel, distrain”), from dis- (“apart”) + stringere (“to draw tight, strain”). Doublet of Detroit.

дистри́кт

USA and some other English-speaking countries

(mining) A specific, usually named area of the coalface where particular seams are worked.


wicket

From Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wiket, from Old Norse (specifically, Old East Norse) víkjas, diminutive of vík. Compare modern French guichet, ultimately from the same Old Norse source.

(mining) The space between the pillars, in post-and-stall working.


fault

From Middle English faute, faulte, from Anglo-Norman faute, Old French faute, from Vulgar Latin *fallita (“shortcoming”), feminine of *fallitus, in place of Latin falsus, perfect passive participle of fallō (“deceive”). Displaced native Middle English schuld, schuild (“fault”) (from Old English scyld (“fault”)), Middle English lac (“fault, lack”) (from Middle Dutch lak (“lack, fault”)), Middle English last (“fault, vice”) (from Old Norse lǫstr (“fault, vice, crime”)). Compare French faute (“fault, foul”), Portuguese falta (“lack, shortage”) and Spanish falta (“lack, absence”). More at fail, false.

cog

A point at which something is divided, interrupted, or disconnected.

(mining) An intrusion of another material, such as dirt or slate, within a coal seam.


strip

en-noun

strip (countable and uncountable, plural strips)

Brill Publishers
en:strip (disambiguation)

From alteration of stripe or from Middle Low German strippe, of uncertain ultimate origin, perhaps derived from a lost strong verb Proto-Germanic *strīpaną, with no clear cognates outside of Germanic except for Irish sríab (“line, stripe”).


dresser

From Middle English dresser, equivalent to dress + -er.

(mining) A kind of pick for shaping large coal.


coffin

coffins (plural)
coffan (alternative)
coffen (alternative)
goffin (alternative)
goffan (alternative)
goffen (alternative)

Borrowed from Cornish koghyn (“exploratory trench”), with spelling likely influenced by etymology 1.

bor+

(mining, obsolete) An exploratory trench used when first digging a mine.


stall

From Middle English stall, stalle, from Old English steall (“standing place, position”), from Proto-Germanic *stallaz, from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to place, put, post, stand”). Cognate with French étal, Italian stallo, German Stall, Swedish stall.

der

(mining) The space left by excavation between pillars.


downcast

en-noun

downcast (countable and uncountable, plural downcasts)

From Middle English downcast (“misfortune”), adoun-cast (“destruction, overthrow”), from adoun (“downward”) + cast (“a throw, a cast”) (from Old Norse kast (“a throw”), from kasten (“to cast, throw”)), from Middle English casten adoun: see etymology 1. The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“act of throwing”, noun).

prefix

(countable, mining, chiefly attributive) A ventilating shaft down which air passes in circulating through a mine.


babka

babeczka (diminutive)
babka (nominative singular)
babki (nominative plural)
babki (genitive singular)
babek (genitive plural)
babce (dative singular)
babkom (dative plural)
babkę (accusative singular)
babki (accusative plural)
babką (instrumental singular)
babkami (instrumental plural)
babce (locative singular)
babkach (locative plural)
babko (singular vocative)
babki (plural vocative)
bábka (alternative)

Inherited from Old Polish babka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka.

(obsolete, mining) stone closing the entrance to the mine


gallery

From Middle English galery, gallerye, from Middle French galerie, gallerie, from Old French galerie, gallerie (“a long portico, a gallery”), from Medieval Latin galeria (“gallery”), of unknown origin. Perhaps an alteration of Latin galilea (“church porch”), probably from Latin Galilaea, Galilee, region of Israel. More at Galilee.

unk

unknown origin

the lower galleries


rig

Borrowed from English rig, from Early Modern English rygge, probably of North Germanic origin.

(mining) the special apparatus used for drilling wells


berm

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-berm.wav

From Dutch berm (“strip of roadside grass, verge”), probably via French berme, from Middle Dutch barm, baerm, barem (“verge, bank”), from Old Dutch *barm, from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge, border, seam”).

der

(mining, Australia) One of the flat terraces on the slope of an open-pit mine.

(mining, US, Canada) A small wall along the edge of a bench of an open-pit mine, intended to prevent items falling over the crest.


gin

Partly from Middle English gin, ginne (“cleverness, scheme, talent, device, machine”), from Old French gin, an aphetism of Old French engin (“engine”); and partly from Middle English grin, grine (“snare, trick, stratagem, deceit, temptation, noose, halter, instrument”), from Old English grin, gryn, giren (“snare, gin, noose”).

(mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.


sidetrack

sidetracks (plural)
side-track (alternative)
side track (alternative)

railroad siding

small railroad track for unloading, passing

(mining) A smaller tunnel or well drilled as an auxiliary off a main tunnel or well.


skip

From Middle English skep, skeppe, from Old English sceppe, from Old Norse skeppa, skjappa (“basket, bushel, measure”), perhaps from Middle Low German scheppe (“a unit of weight”), perhaps related to Middle Low German schēpel (“buschel, measurement for grain”), German Scheffel (“bushel”). These could all ultimately be related to *skap (“shape”).

cog

Beside it was a great engine which worked a continuous steel rope on which the skips were fastened which drew up the débris by successive stages from the bottom of the shaft.

1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:

en:container for ore or mullock, in mining

(mining) A transportation container in a mine, usually for ore or mullock.

Fördergefäß

mining: transportation container in a mine, usually for ore or mullock


winning

The train proceeded to North Pittington Colliery, 600 yd. away, where the Duke viewed the new winning, examined the pumping and drawing engines, and saw how pitmen descended and ascended the shaft.

1948 January and February, “Notes and News: Duke of Wellington's Early Railway Journey”, in Railway Magazine, page 55:


twitch

en-noun

twitch (countable and uncountable, plural twitches)

From Middle English twicchen, from Old English *twiċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *twikkijan (“to nail, pin, fasten, clasp, pinch”).
Cognate with English tweak, Low German twikken, German Low German twicken (“to pinch, pinch off”), zweckōn and gizwickan (> German zwicken (“to pinch”)).

cog

(mining) The sudden narrowing almost to nothing of a vein of ore.


whim

en-noun

whim (countable and uncountable, plural whims)

(mining) A large capstan or vertical drum turned by horse power or steam power, for raising ore or water, etc., from mines, or for other purposes


glory hole

(mining) A hole in a mineshaft where an orebody is mined upwards until it breaks through the surface into the open air.

(mining) An excavation into the sea floor designed to protect the wellhead equipment installed at the surface of a petroleum well from icebergs or pack ice.


washout

washout (countable and uncountable, plural washouts)

washouts (plural)
wash-out (alternative)

huuhtoutuminen

erosion of a relatively soft surface by a sudden gush of water; channel produced by this action

(mining) A place in a mine where ore has been washed away by a flow of water.


staunch

Either:
* from Middle English staunche, stanche (“something which stops the flow of blood; (figuratively) shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)”), from Old French estanche (“pond; tank”), from estanc (“pond”) (modern French étang (“pond; lagoon”)), from estanchier (verb): see further at etymology 2; and/or
* derived directly from the verb.

(mining) Synonym of afterdamp (“suffocating gases present in a coal mine after an explosion caused by firedamp”).


scram

en-verb

scram (third-person singular simple present scrams, present participle scramming, simple past and past participle scrammed)

scrams (present singular third-person)
scramming (participle present)
scrammed (participle past)
scrammed (past)

The verb is a variant of dialectal English scramb (“to pull or rake together with the hands; to gather a handful of something from the ground; to scratch with the claws or nails; to pull down violently; to tear off; to maul about; a handful of something from the ground”), possibly related to Dutch schrammen (“to graze, scratch”) and German schrammen (“to scratch, scrape”); see etymology 1.
The noun is derived from the verb.

Just west of this pit is another one, which has been nearly worked out; but three men are scramming about five tons per day in it.

1880, “Marquette Iron District”, in Annual Report of the Commissioner of Mineral Statistics of the State of Michigan, for 1879, Lansing, Mich.: W. S. George & Co., […], →OCLC, page 167:

Recently, Capt. Oliver, [...] set a couple of experienced miners to work scramming in this underground pit, when it was soon discovered that what the former mining captain had conceived to be a regular foot-wall, was, in fact, a thin shale of rock, which hid from view what now appears to be a very large body of clean blue ore.

1882, A. P. Swineford, “The Cyclops Mine”, in Annual Review of the Iron Mining and Other Industries of the Upper Peninsula for the Year Ending Dec. 31, 1881, [Marquette, Mich.]: Mining Journal, →OCLC, page 141:

(transitive, US, mining, archaic) To mine for ore on a small scale, especially from mines previously been worked on where most of the ore is believed to have been removed.


scram

[page 64] Many of these old openings still afford places where ore is mined. A man can start in almost anywhere and fine ore. There is a great deal of this "scramming" done at the Jackson. Quite a proportion of the annual product comes in this way. Not unfrequently one of these "scrams" leads to the finding of a large deposit of ore. [...] [page 67] South from the east part of the Incline pit they have a scram of good ore which furnished a small product.

1887, Cha[rle]s D. Lawton, “The Jackson Iron Co.”; “The Cleveland Mining Co.”, in Mines and Mineral Statistics, Lansing, Mich.: Thorp & Godfrey, […], →OCLC, pages 64 and 67:

There are numbered workings running to about 20, representing small pits and scrams, sometimes worked by contract by "scrammers."

1891, N[ewton] H[orace] Winchell, H[orace] V[aughn] Winchell, “The Chandler Mine”, in The Iron Ores of Minnesota, […] (Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota Bulletin; no. 6), Minneapolis, Minn.: Harrison & Smith, […], →OCLC, part II (Methods of Exploration and Mining, and Descriptions of the Various Mines), page 196:

(US, mining, archaic) A mine previously worked on where most of the ore is believed to have been removed, but which is still being mined on a small scale.


whimsy

en-noun

whimsy (usually uncountable, plural whimsies)

Probably from whims + -y. Related to whim-wham, whim.

(mining) A whim (capstan or vertical drum).


hitch

Probably from Middle English hicchen, hytchen, icchen (“to move; to move as with a jerk”), of obscure origin. Lacks cognates in other languages. Compare itch, hike.

An upcast fault is when the seam is thrown up; to counteract this a "canch" of top stone must be taken down outbye over from the fault, and a "canch" of bottom stone taken up inbye over from the fault, then level up to the bottom of your "canch" at the foreside of the hitch outbye over until you have a regular gradient to the seam on the hitch.

1879, William Bailes, Student's Guide to the Principles of Coal & Metal Mining, page 17:

A coal cutter and conveyor is used along the face, and after each cut the hitch had to be crossed at a new point.

1897, Great Britain. Mines Department, Mines and Quarries. Reports ... for the Newcastle District (No. 3) (page 32)

(mining) A hole cut into the wall of a mine on which timbers are rested.


black jack

black jack (countable and uncountable, plural black jacks)


dead end

dead ends (plural)
dead-end (alternative)
deadend (alternative)

The ventilation of dead ends — always a serious problem — has in some mines been an absolute necessity. At the Oriental Consols Gold Mine a crosscut at a depth of 2,600 ft. has been continued to over 1,400 ft. from the shaft, and at the No. 2 South Great Eastern Gold Mine crosscutting and driving has been carried on at depths of 1,750 ft. and 2,000 ft. In order to ventilate these dead ends blowers have been used to force air into the faces through lines of pipes.

1912 Queensland Annual Report of the Under Secretary for Mines for 1911. Brisbane, Australia. p.167

(mining) The inner end of a drift or tunnel.


winder

From Middle English wynder; equivalent to wind + -er.

(mining) An engine that raises and lowers the cages in a mine.

(mining) The person who operates such an engine.


doggy

doggy (countable and uncountable, plural doggies)

[…] the "doggy" sometimes took a safety-lamp, and sometimes not, when he entered the mine in the morning; whether he did on the morning of the catastrophe was not apparent.

(mining, historical) Synonym of corporal.


tug

From Middle English tuggen, toggen, from Old English togian (“to draw, drag”), from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną (“to draw, tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull”).
Cognate with Middle Low German togen (“to draw”), Middle High German zogen (“to pull, tear off”), Icelandic toga (“to pull, draw”). Related to tow.

cog

(mining) An iron hook of a hoisting tub, to which a tackle is affixed.


gulf

From Middle English gulf, goulf, golf, from Old French golf, from Italian golfo, from Late Latin colfos, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, gulf”), of obscure origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve, arch”).

der

(mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode.


viewer

From Middle English vewer; equivalent to view + -er.

(mining, historical) The manager of a colliery, who directs its workings and ventilation.


bump

en-noun

bump (countable and uncountable, plural bumps)

From Early Modern English bump (“a shock, blow from a collision”), probably of North Germanic origin; compare Danish bump (“a thump”), Danish bumpe (“to thump”), Old Danish bumpe (“to strike with a clenched fist”), all probably of imitative origin.
Apparently related to Middle English bumben, bummen (“to make a hollow noise”), Dutch bommen (“to hum, buzz”), German Low German bumsen (“to bump, push”), German bummen (“to hum, buzz”), Icelandic bumba (“drum”). More at bum, bumble. Compare also bomb.

onom

imitative

kuhmu

phrenological protuberance and associated aptitude

(mining) A sudden movement of underground strata, preceded by a characteristic sound.


flush

en-verb

flush (third-person singular simple present flushes, present participle flushing, simple past and past participle flushed)

flushes (present singular third-person)
flushing (participle present)
flushed (participle past)
flushed (past)

Probably from Etymology 1 according to the American Heritage Dictionary.

(mining, intransitive) To operate a placer mine, where the continuous supply of water is insufficient, by holding back the water, and releasing it periodically in a flood.

(mining) To fill underground spaces, especially in coal mines, with material carried by water, which, after drainage, constitutes a compact mass.


underhand

underhand (third-person singular simple present underhands, present participle underhanding, simple past and past participle underhanded)

underhands (present singular third-person)
underhanding (participle present)
underhanded (participle past)
underhanded (past)

About one-half the body has been mined by underhanding into mill holes; but with the adoption of the water drill, shrinkage stoping is being largely used and the larger stopes are mined as at Levack.

1903, Mining Reporter - Volume 47, page 480:

The floors are then extracted by underhanding, and finally the pillars at the levels are trimmed to the minimum size necessary to support the walls.

1925, Bureau of Mines Information Circular, page 166:

This method is used only in a one-set panel mined from level to level by underhanding into the chute at the foot- wall end of the previous panel.

1942, Mining Technology - Volume 6, Issue 1, page 9:

(mining) To excavate downward in successive steps or horizontal slices while positioned above on unbroken ore.


trumpeting

(mining) A channel cut behind the brick lining of a shaft.


wheal

The four last-mentioned mines, Wheal Crowndale, Wheal Crebor, East Liscombe, and Wheal Tamar, are on the same lode, which ranges as usual from east to west, and are included in a space of about four miles in length.

1829, Thomas Moore, The History of Devonshire, page 528:

Surrounding the village are the remains ot many mine workings including the picturesque gtoup of clifftop buildings thar were once part of one of the county's best known mines - Wheal Coares.

2003, Peter Long, The Hidden Places of Cornwall, page 85:

If you look at the map there are ‘wheals’ all over the place. There's Wheal Rose, Wheal Plenty and Wheal Busy. Back on the tramroad the industrial communities come thick and fast as you head southeast to Wheal Rose.

2010, Julia Bradbury, Julia Bradbury's Railway Walks, page 27:

(Cornwall, South Australia, mining) A mine.


deputy

deputies (plural)
deputee (alternative archaic)

From French député, from Late Latin deputatus (“appointed”).

պատգամավոր

member of parliament — see also legislator, Member of Parliament

(mining, historical) A person employed to install and remove props, brattices, etc. and to clear gas, for the safety of the miners.


spill

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

From Middle English spillen, from Old English spillan, spildan (“to kill, destroy, waste”), from Proto-West Germanic *spilþijan, from Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną (“to spoil, kill, murder”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to sunder, split, rend, tear”).
Cognate with Dutch spillen (“to use needlessly, waste”), French gaspiller ("to waste, squander" < Germanic), Bavarian spillen (“to split, cleave, splinter”), Danish spilde (“to spill, waste”), Swedish spilla (“to spill, waste”), Icelandic spilla (“to contaminate, spoil”). See also spool.

cog

(mining) One of the thick laths or poles driven horizontally ahead of the main timbering in advancing a level in loose ground.


dib

az-noun

dib (definite accusative dibi, plural diblər)

dibi (accusative definite)
diblər (plural)
dib (nominative singular)
diblər (nominative plural)
dibi (accusative definite singular)
dibləri (accusative definite plural)
dibə (dative singular)
diblərə (dative plural)
dibdə (locative singular)
diblərdə (locative plural)
dibdən (ablative singular)
diblərdən (ablative plural)
dibin (definite genitive singular)
diblərin (definite genitive plural)
dibim (first-person nominative possessive singular)
diblərim (first-person nominative possessive singular)
dibin (nominative possessive second-person singular)
diblərin (nominative possessive second-person singular)
dibi (nominative possessive singular third-person)
dibləri (nominative possessive singular third-person)
dibimiz (first-person nominative plural possessive)
diblərimiz (first-person nominative plural possessive)
dibiniz (nominative plural possessive second-person)
dibləriniz (nominative plural possessive second-person)
dibi (nominative plural possessive third-person)
dibləri (nominative plural possessive third-person)
dibimi (accusative first-person possessive singular)
diblərimi (accusative first-person possessive singular)
dibini (accusative possessive second-person singular)
diblərini (accusative possessive second-person singular)
dibini (accusative possessive singular third-person)
diblərini (accusative possessive singular third-person)
dibimizi (accusative first-person plural possessive)
diblərimizi (accusative first-person plural possessive)
dibinizi (accusative plural possessive second-person)
diblərinizi (accusative plural possessive second-person)
dibini (accusative plural possessive third-person)
diblərini (accusative plural possessive third-person)
dibimə (dative first-person possessive singular)
diblərimə (dative first-person possessive singular)
dibinə (dative possessive second-person singular)
diblərinə (dative possessive second-person singular)
dibinə (dative possessive singular third-person)
diblərinə (dative possessive singular third-person)
dibimizə (dative first-person plural possessive)
diblərimizə (dative first-person plural possessive)
dibinizə (dative plural possessive second-person)
diblərinizə (dative plural possessive second-person)
dibinə (dative plural possessive third-person)
diblərinə (dative plural possessive third-person)
dibimdə (first-person locative possessive singular)
diblərimdə (first-person locative possessive singular)
dibində (locative possessive second-person singular)
diblərində (locative possessive second-person singular)
dibində (locative possessive singular third-person)
diblərində (locative possessive singular third-person)
dibimizdə (first-person locative plural possessive)
diblərimizdə (first-person locative plural possessive)
dibinizdə (locative plural possessive second-person)
diblərinizdə (locative plural possessive second-person)
dibində (locative plural possessive third-person)
diblərində (locative plural possessive third-person)
dibimdən (ablative first-person possessive singular)
diblərimdən (ablative first-person possessive singular)
dibindən (ablative possessive second-person singular)
diblərindən (ablative possessive second-person singular)
dibindən (ablative possessive singular third-person)
diblərindən (ablative possessive singular third-person)
dibimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessive)
diblərimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessive)
dibinizdən (ablative plural possessive second-person)
diblərinizdən (ablative plural possessive second-person)
dibindən (ablative plural possessive third-person)
diblərindən (ablative plural possessive third-person)
dibimin (first-person genitive possessive singular)
diblərimin (first-person genitive possessive singular)
dibinin (genitive possessive second-person singular)
diblərinin (genitive possessive second-person singular)
dibinin (genitive possessive singular third-person)
diblərinin (genitive possessive singular third-person)
dibimizin (first-person genitive plural possessive)
diblərimizin (first-person genitive plural possessive)
dibinizin (genitive plural possessive second-person)
diblərinizin (genitive plural possessive second-person)
dibinin (genitive plural possessive third-person)
diblərinin (genitive plural possessive third-person)


drifter

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-drifter.wav

(mining, historical) A person employed in driving in rock other than coal.


lue

en-verb

lue (third-person singular simple present lues, present participle luing, simple past and past participle lued)

lues (present singular third-person)
luing (participle present)
lued (participle past)
lued (past)
lew (alternative)

Cardiganshire... That which is thus Buddled they lue with a thick hair sieve close wrought in a tub of water.

1674, John Ray, A Collection of English Words, Not Generally Used, page 116:

Cornwall... The fine [sc. tin] is lewed in a fine sierce.

1674, John Ray, A Collection of English Words, Not Generally Used, page 122:

(mining, dialect, transitive) To sift using a sieve, particularly in mining tin or silver.


groove

From Middle English grov, grove, groof, grofe (“cave; pit; mining shaft”), from Old English grōf (“trench, furrow, something dug”), from Proto-West Germanic *grōbu, from Proto-Germanic *grōbō (“groove, furrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, bury”). Cognate with Dutch groef, groeve (“groove; pit, grave”), German Grube (“ditch, pit”), Norwegian grov (“brook, riverbed”), Serbo-Croatian grèbati (“scratch, dig”). Directly descended from Old English grafan (“to dig”). More at grave.


beeline

beelines (plural)
bee-line (alternative)

From bee + line, due to the belief that a bee returns to its hive in a straight course, originally an Americanism.

(mining, chiefly historical) A dynamite fuse made with a small quantity of dynamite powder along its length, so that the spark travels quickly and at a specific known rate.

тура һауа юлы

straight course, ignoring established paths of travel


pounce

From Middle English pounce, probably akin to punch. Possibly from Old French ponchonner (compare French poinçonner).

(mining) Synonym of bump (“sudden movement of underground strata”).