marble

en-noun

marble (countable and uncountable, plural marbles)

From Middle English marble, marbre, from Anglo-Norman and Old French marbre, from Latin marmor, from Ancient Greek μάρμαρος (mármaros), perhaps related to μαρμάρεος (marmáreos, “gleaming”). Much of the early classical marble came from the 'Marmaris' sea above the Aegean. The forms from French replaced Old English marma, which had previously been borrowed from Latin.

The Elgin Marbles were originally part of the temple of the Parthenon.

[I]t was a portrait of the Library, though not strictly correct as to its contents, since all the best of the marbles displayed in various parts of the house were brought into the painting by the artist, who made it up into a picturesque composition according to his own taste.

1828, JT Smith, Nollekens and His Times, Century Hutchinson, published 1986, page 164:

(in the plural, archaeology) Statues made from marble.


Father Christmas

en-proper noun

Father Christmas (plural Father Christmases or Father Christmasses or Fathers Christmas)

Father Christmases (plural)
Father Christmasses (plural)
Fathers Christmas (plural)

The old men who had moustaches came with their breath frozen on them, and looked like so many old Father Christmasses: although all seemed poor and were indifferently clad, they almost all looked in good health and spirits.

1879 May, “Famine Relief. Welcome Words from Shan-si in a letter from Mr. James.”, in J[ames] Hudson Taylor, editor, China’s Millions, number 47, London: Morgan and Scott, […], page 63, column 2:

Again Donna Maria’s anger was interrupted by the rising of the curtain; or, rather, diverted from Carlo’s décadent æsthetics to the extreme badness of the mise en scène, to rows of Father Christmasses and ladies in grey waterproofs, who bellowed and gesticulated as unhappy shades at the gates of hell, and the chains of thick thighed and tight waisted furies who capered about in the rose-coloured Bengal light.

1889 June, Vernon Lee [pseudonym; Violet Paget], “Orpheus in Rome: Irrelevant Talks on the Use of the Beautiful”, in The Contemporary Review, volume LV, London: Isbister and Company […], section I, page 833:

The five Father Christmases walked slowly on, oblivious alike of the children who gaped at them and the man-hunt that was taking place under their noses.

1939, Nicholas Blake [pseudonym; Cecil Day-Lewis], The Smiler with the Knife, Harper & Row, page 199:

‘Yeah, I’ve seen those things they think are gnomes,’ said Ron, bent double with his head in a peony bush. ‘Like fat little Father Christmases with fishing rods …’

1998 July 2, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], “The Burrow”, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Harry Potter; 2), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

At the beginning of the 1990s, therefore, Bardo moved to the current establishment, and was finally able to house his Father Christmases in the style they deserve.

2003, Piers Letcher, Eccentric France: The Bradt Guide to Mad, Magical and Marvellous France, Bradt Travel Guides; The Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, page 207:

At Christmas, also in 2004, members processed as Fathers Christmas, employing the slogan ‘Put the fathers back into Christmas’.

2007, Duncan Watts, Pressure Groups (Politics Study Guides), Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 122:

After the confrontation with the fictitious peer’s solution process, namely actually drawing rectangles around the Fathers Christmas’ irregular shapes, in Phase 4, another nine of the remaining 22 students (five 12–13- and four 15–16-year olds^([sic])) exchanged their initial linear answer for the correct nonlinear one.

2007, Dirk De Bock, Wim Van Dooren, Dirk Janssens, Lieven Verschaffel, The Illusion of Linearity: From Analysis to Improvement, Springer, →ISBN, page 103:

I was paid £1.92 an hour to wear a pink tutu and entertain the children waiting to see the two Father Christmases (one on either side of the grotto) as the increasingly irate families inched their way past the hour wait markers.

2011, Clare Hemmings, “Crossings”, in Kathy Davis, Mary Evans, editors, Transatlantic Conversations: Feminism as Travelling Theory, Routledge, published 2016, →ISBN, part I (Becoming a Feminist in a Transatlantic Context), page 29:

The smiling carol singers and the laughing Father Christmasses on the television seemed to make my misery more acute.

2016, Bryony Gordon, “I think I might be dying”, in Mad Girl, London: Headline Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 20:

In 1836, English artist Robert Seymour illustrated Thomas K. Hervey’s Book of Christmas with a couple of boozy, wild-haired Fathers Christmas that set the tone for the next fifty years in which the London newspapers were more likely to emphasize the good father’s drinking than anything else.

2020, Tom A. Jerman, Santa Claus Worldwide: A History of St. Nicholas and Other Holiday Gift-Bringers, McFarland & Company, →ISBN, pages 166–167:

In 1958, it was reported that for "the fourth year in succession, staff of four South London stations have combined to decorate the booking hall at Peckham Rye station". They installed a nativity scene, models of Father Christmas, and a sleigh driven by huskies, and Christmas trees were placed around the station.

2023 December 27, David Turner, “Silent lines...”, in RAIL, number 999, page 29:

(folklore) A mythical figure said to bring presents to people (especially children) at Christmas time.


troll

Partly:
* from Middle English trol (“demon (?); sorcerer (?)”) [and other forms], from Old Norse trǫll (“conjurer, mage; witch”), from Proto-Germanic *truzlą (“supernatural being; demon, fiend; giant; monster”), probably from *trudaną (“to step on; to tread”) + *-ilą (suffix forming agent nouns); and
* borrowed from Norwegian Bokmål troll, Swedish troll, or Danish trold, from Old Norse trǫll (see above).
Doublet of droll and trow.
cognates
* Danish fortrylle (“to bewitch”), trylle (“to conjure”)
* Icelandic tröll
* Middle High German trol, trolle (“spook, wraith; ogre, monster”)
* Norwegian fortrylle (“to bewitch”), trylle (“to conjure”)
* Swedish trolla (“to conjure”)

der

He followed their advice, and rode through a rye-field, where the Trolls were unable to follow him, but in their exasperation cried after him, "The red cock shall crow over thy dwelling." And behold! his house stood in a blaze.

1851, Benjamin Thorpe, “Norwegian Traditions. [The Girl at the Sæter.]”, in Northern Mythology, […], volumes II (Scandinavian Popular Traditions and Superstitions), London: Edward Lumley, […], →OCLC, page 7:

The Scandinavian fancied himself surrounded by Trolls,—a kind of goblin men, with vast power of work and skilful production,—divine stevedores, carpenters, reapers, smiths, and masons, swift to reward every kindness done them, with gifts of gold and silver.

1856, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Ability”, in English Traits, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, →OCLC, page 81:

The bear got so angry that he rushed at the trolls and scratched them all over, while Peter took the other handspike and hammered away at them as if he wanted to beat their brains out. The trolls had to clear out at last, but Peter stayed and enjoyed himself with all the Christmas fare the whole week. After that the trolls were not heard of there for many years.

1881, P. Chr. Asbjörnsen [i.e., Peter Christen Asbjørnsen], “Peter Gynt”, in H. L. Brækstad, transl., Round the Yule Log. Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, →OCLC, page 150:

In these manuscripts we are again in an atmosphere of eotens and trolls, there are traces of even older terrors, when the first Teuton settlers in Europe struggled with the aborigines who lived in caves, hints as elusive as the phantom heroes in the Saxon poems, and as unforgettable.

1922, Eleanour Sinclair Rohde, “The Anglo-Saxon Herbals”, in The Old English Herbals, London: Longmans, Green and Co. […], →OCLC, page 3:

(originally Scandinavian mythology, now also European folklore and fantasy) a giant supernatural being, especially a grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills or under bridges.

طْرُول

giant supernatural being; grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills or under bridges


troll

trollet (definite singular)
troll (indefinite plural)
trolla (definite plural)

From Old Norse trǫll, from Proto-Germanic *truzlą, from Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂-.

Dat eine Trollet skræmer inkje dat andre.

1856, Ivar Aasen, Norske Ordsprog [Norwegian Proverbs]:


troll

troll (nominative singular)
trolle (nominative plural)
trolla (genitive singular)
trolli (genitive plural)
trollowi (dative singular)
trollom (dative plural)
trolla (accusative singular)
trolle (accusative plural)
trollem (instrumental singular)
trollami (instrumental plural)
trollu (locative singular)
trollach (locative plural)
trollu (singular vocative)
trolle (plural vocative)

(European folklore, Norse mythology) troll (grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills or under bridges)


troll

troll (indefinite nominative singular)
trolls (genitive indefinite singular)
trollet (definite nominative singular)
trollets (definite genitive singular)
troll (indefinite nominative plural)
trolls (genitive indefinite plural)
trollen (definite nominative plural)
trollens (definite genitive plural)

När trollmor har lagt sina elva små troll, och bundit fast dom i svansen, då sjunger hon sakta för [de] elva små trollen, de vackraste ord hon känner: ho aj aj aj aj buff, ho aj aj aj aj buff, ho aj aj aj aj buff, buff, ho aj aj aj aj buff.

1943, Margit Holmberg (lyrics and music), “Trollmors vaggsång [Mother troll's lullaby]”:

When mother troll has put her eleven little trolls to bed, and tied them up by their tails [tail], then she slowly sings to the eleven little trolls, the most beautiful words she knows: ho ay ay ay ay buff, ho ay ay ay ay buff, ho ay ay ay ay buff, buff, ho ay ay ay ay buff.


kiln

id-noun

kiln (first-person possessive kilnku, second-person possessive kilnmu, third-person possessive kilnnya)

kilnku (first-person possessive)
kilnmu (possessive second-person)
kilnnya (possessive third-person)

From English kiln, from Middle English kilne, from Old English cylene or cyline (“large oven”), from Latin culīna (“kitchen, kitchen stove”).

(archaeology) kiln, an oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.


outlaw

From Middle English outlawe, outlagh, utlaȝe, from Old English ūtlaga (“outlaw”), borrowed from Old Norse útlagi (“outlaw, fugitive”), equivalent to out- + law. Cognate with Icelandic útlagi (“outlaw”).

(history) A criminal who is excluded from normal legal rights; one who can be killed at will without legal penalty.


小篆

ja-noun

小(しょう)篆(てん) • (shōten) ^(←せうてん (seuten)?)

小篆 (canonical)
shōten (romanization)
seuten (romanization)
せうてん (hiragana historical)


apartheid

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + -heid (cognate of English -hood).

af

cognate of English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-hood</i>

fr:Apartheid en Afrique du Sud
fr:apartheid

(history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)


apartheid

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.


apartheid

es-noun

apartheid m (plural apartheids or apartheid)


coco

Borrowed from Portuguese côco (“bogeyman, grinning face”), probably from Latin coccum (“kernel, seed”).

bor+

Duérmete niño, duérmete ya… que viene el coco y te comerá.

Sleep child, sleep now… lest the bogeyman come and eat you.


will o' the wisp

en-noun

will o' the wisp (plural will o' the wisps)

/ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/

Will (“male given name”) + of + the + wisp (“bundle of straw or hay used as a torch”)

1988, Michael Weikath, "Keeper of the Seven Keys", Helloween, Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II.
Will o' the wisps / Misguiding your path / You can't throw a curse / Without takin' their wrath

Any of several kinds of pale, flickering light, appearing over marshland in many parts of the world with diverse folkloric explanations and multiple possible scientific explanations including bioluminescence and chemiluminescence.

(British folklore) A flickering light or lantern, especially over bogs, swamps or marshes, held by a supernatural creature who uses it to lure travelers at night to their demise.


cadet

Borrowed from French cadet, from Gascon capdet, from Late Latin capitellum (“small head”). Attested in English from 1634.
Doublet of caddie, cadel, capital, capitellum, caudillo, and Kadet.

doublet

Bertram is certainly well off for a cadet of even a Baronet's family. By the time he is four or five and twenty he will have seven hundred a year, and nothing to do for it.

1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter V, in Mansfield Park: […], volume II, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 114:

(chiefly history) A younger or youngest son, who would not inherit as a firstborn son would.


swastika

en-noun

swastika (countable and uncountable, plural swastikas)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika), from सु- (su-, “good, well”) + अस्ति (asti), a verbal abstract of the root of the verb "to be", स्वस्ति (svasti) thus meaning "well-being" — and the diminutive suffix क (ka); hence "little thing associated with well-being", corresponding roughly to "lucky charm". First attestation in English in 1871, a Sanskritism that replaced the Grecian term gammadion. From 1932 onwards it often referred specifically to the version used by the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (also called the "hooked cross", or German Hakenkreuz).

sauwastika

left-facing; symbolizing the night or the tantric aspects of Kali

"Is that what you think of me? I believe in the Grail, not the Swastika!"

1989, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, spoken by Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody):

“I can’t imagine anyone believes in Communist culprits instead of a contract job commissioned on behalf of the swastika.”

2011, Rudolph Herzog, translated by Jefferson Chase, Dead Funny: Humor in Hitler's Germany, Brooklyn: Melville House, →ISBN, page 36:

(fascism, history, metonymically, uncountable) Nazi rule.

hakenkreuz

chiefly in India referring to the Nazi swastika


Jurassic

/d͡ʒʊˈɹæs.ɪk/

Borrowed from French Jurassique, named for the discovery and type location in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland.

[p 108] Like the Forest Marble Beds in the Middle Jurassic, the Purbeck Beds of the Upper Jurassic are deltaic or estuarine in origin, so as well as mammals they contain small, presumably freshwater, crocodiles and the first indisputable lizards.
[p 109] This is less surprising if it is recalled that in the Upper Jurassic, Europe and North America were joined to form Laurasia and the Atlantic Ocean still had to be formed …

D. M. Kermack, K. A. Kermack, The Evolution of Mammalian Characters

(geology, paleontology) The period from 201.3±0.2 to 145 million years ago, after the Triassic and before the Cretaceous; the geologic systems of this period.


Iron Age

/ˈʌɪən eɪdʒ/

From iron + age, in the mythological sense a calque of Latin saecula ferrea, aetas ferrea; in the archaeological sense a calque of Danish jernalder.

(archaeology) A level of culture in which humans used iron and the technology of ironworking. (Estimated to have begun in Europe about 1100 BC)


hug

hugen (definite singular)
hugar (indefinite plural)
hugane (definite plural)

From Old Norse hugr (“thought”), from Proto-Germanic *hugiz og uncertain origin. Cognates include Norwegian Bokmål hu.

(uncountable, folklore) an itch in the nose which comes when someone is thinking of one, or as a warning that someone is about to arrive


optimum

From New Latin, neuter of Latin optimus (“best, very good”), from the root or in ops (“work”), omnis (“all”).

(geology, paleontology, climatology) Any long period of time marked by a persistently warm climate; a climatic optimum.


artifact

Alteration of artefact, from Italian artefatto, from Latin arte (“by skill”) (ablative of ars (“art”)) + factum (“thing made”) (from facio (“to make, do”)).

The dig produced many Roman artifacts.

Holy shit! It is fascinating when a country’s culture seeps even into their math lessons, although it’s not really surprising. As a British child, our math questions were “if Johnny has two artifacts and Dinesh has two artifacts, then how many artifacts is Johnny about to have?” The answer, of course, “all the artifacts, Dinesh’s family can come visit them in a British museum whenever they’re in town.”

2017, Tim Carvell [et al.], “North Korea”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 4, episode 21, John Oliver (actor), Warner Bros. Television, via HBO:

(archaeology) An object, such as a tool, ornament, or weapon of archaeological or historical interest, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation.


horizon

Inherited from Middle English orisonte, orisoun, from Middle French horizon, horizonte, from Old French orisonte, orison, via Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).

(archaeology, chiefly US) A cultural sub-period or level within a more encompassing time period.


valet

→ Bulgarian: вале́ (valé)

→ Greek: βαλές (valés)

→ Portuguese: valete

desctree

→ Russian: вале́т (valét)
→ Ingrian: valetti

→ Turkish: vale

Inherited from Old French vaslet, from Medieval Latin *vassellittus, diminutive of Late Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).

der

(history) a male attendant of a knight or a lord

(history) officer belonging to the king's house or a princely house, also valet de chambre


hinge

en-verb

hinge (third-person singular simple present hinges, present participle hinging or hingeing, simple past and past participle hinged)

hinges (present singular third-person)
hinging (participle present)
hingeing (participle present)
hinged (participle past)
hinged (past)

From Middle English henge, from Old English *henġ (“hinge”), compare Old English henġe- in henġeclif (“overhanging cliff”), Old English henġen (“hanging; that upon which a thing is hung”), from Proto-West Germanic *hangiju. Akin to Scots heenge (“hinge”), Saterland Frisian Hänge (“hinge”), Dutch heng (“door handle”), Low German henge (“a hook, hinge, handle”), Middle Dutch henghe, hanghe (“a hook, hinge, handle”), Scots hingel (“any attachment by which something is hung or fastened”), Dutch hengel (“hook”), geheng (“hinge”), hengsel (“handle”), Danish hængsel (“hinge”), dialectal German Hängel (“hook, joint”), German Henkel (“handle, hook”), Old English hōn (“to hang”), hangian (“to cause to hang, hang up”). More at hang.

cog

The flake hinged at an inclusion in the core.

(transitive, archaeology) The breaking off of the distal end of a knapped stone flake whose presumed course across the face of the stone core was truncated prematurely, leaving not a feathered distal end but instead the scar of a nearly perpendicular break.


quaderno

From Latin quaternus (“fourfold”), from quater (“four times”), from quattuor (“four”).

(codicology) a booklet composed of four sheets (of parchment, paper or papyrus)


Dresden

Borrowed from German Dresden (“Dresden”) in the 1730s, from Middle High German Dresden, from a Sorbian source akin to Lower Sorbian Drježdźany, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *dręzga, of which the locative case is *dręzdzě.

The actual total hardly matters: if Dresden was indeed a war crime, just one death would make it so.

2001 July 23, Robin Neillands, The Bomber War: The Allied Air Offensive Against Nazi Germany, Barnes & Noble, Incorporated, →ISBN, page 358:

‘Father, you saw the papers, when Dresden happened. You see the papers today. People are seeing the cost of this, truly. Now that we know the consequences, countries will not use it.’

2017, John Theobald, A Kingdom Falls, Head of Zeus Ltd., →ISBN, page 314:

(history, metonymically) The Bombing of Dresden.


bugbear

From obsolete meaning of bug (“something terrifying”) + bear. See Middle English bugge, modern bogey.

Ha, ha: alas poore wretch: a poore Chipochia, haſt not ſlept to night? would he not (a naughty man) let it ſleepe: a bug-beare take him.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

“How could you lie so glaringly as to affirm I hated the ‘poor child’? and invent bugbear stories to terrify her from my door-stones?[…]”

1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter XXII, in Wuthering Heights: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC:

"My young friends," quietly replied Jason, "I do not wonder that you think the dragon very terrible. You have grown up from infancy in the fear of this monster, and therefore still regard him with the awe that children feel for the bugbears and hobgoblins which their nurses have talked to them about.[…]"

1853, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Golden Fleece”, in Tanglewood Tales:

The partisans of the Administration object to the word “imperialism,” calling it a mere bugbear having no real existence.

1900, Carl Schurz, For Truth, Justice and Liberty:

(folklore, fantasy) A generic creature, often described as a large goblin, meant to inspire fear in children.


kasha

(folklore) A yokai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds.


megalith

PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
From mega- (prefix meaning ‘very large, great’) + -lith (suffix meaning ‘stone’), a back-formation from megalithic probably modelled after monolith. from Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”)

confix

A large stone slab making up a prehistoric monument, or part of such a monument.

megaliet

A prehistoric monument made up of one or more large stones.


halo

From Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun or moon; ring of light around the sun or moon”), of unknown origin. The threshing floor's circular threshold or oxen walking on it in a circle gave rise to the other meanings. Used in English since 1563; the sense of light around someone’s head since 1646.

der

massive astronomical compact halo object

massive astrophysical compact halo object

(art, religion, iconography) a circular annulus ring, frequently luminous, often golden, floating above the head


halo

Learned borrowing from Latin halos, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “disk of the sun or moon”).

(religion, iconography) halo (luminous disc around the heads of saints)


leprechaun

→ German: Leprechaun

desc

→ Italian: leprecauno, leprechaun (unadapted), leprecano, lepricauno

→ Japanese: レプラコーン (repurakōn)

→ Korean: 레프러콘 (repeureokon)

→ Portuguese: leprechaun

→ Russian: лепреко́н (leprekón)

→ Spanish: leprechaun

/ˈlɛpɹəkɔːn/

/ˈlɛpɹəˌkɔn/

/ˈlɛpɹəˌkɑn/

From Irish leipreachán, luprachán, from Middle Irish luchrupán, from Old Irish luchorpán. See also Irish lucharachán.
The word's further etymology is disputed; it is traditionally explained as a compound containing lú (“small”, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-) + corp (“body”, which is from Latin corpus). However, an alternative suggestion is that it is a derivative of Latin Lupercī (“priests of Lupercus”), who were misinterpreted as an antediluvian species by medieval Irish scholars.

af

from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*h₁lengʷʰ-</i>

which is from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">corpus</i>

Do you not catch the tiny clamour, / Busy click of an elfin hammer, / Voice of the leprechaun singing shrill, / As he merrily plies his trade?

1888, William Allingham, “The Lepracaun; or Fairy Shoemaker”, in William Butler Yeats, editor, Irish Fairy and Folk Tales, pages 86–87:

(Irish folklore) One of a race of elves that can reveal hidden treasure to those who catch them.

（爱尔兰民间传说里的）短妖精

[Àiěrlán mínjiān chuánshuō lǐ de] duǎn yāojing


leprechaun

Unadapted borrowing from English leprechaun, from Irish leipreachán.


antikva

head

antikva (countable and uncountable, plural antikvák)

antikvák (plural)
antikva (nominative singular)
antikvák (nominative plural)
antikvát (accusative singular)
antikvákat (accusative plural)
antikvának (dative singular)
antikváknak (dative plural)
antikvával (instrumental singular)
antikvákkal (instrumental plural)
antikváért (causal-final singular)
antikvákért (causal-final plural)
antikvává (singular translative)
antikvákká (plural translative)
antikváig (singular terminative)
antikvákig (plural terminative)
antikvaként (essive-formal singular)
antikvákként (essive-formal plural)
antikvában (inessive singular)
antikvákban (inessive plural)
antikván (singular superessive)
antikvákon (plural superessive)
antikvánál (adessive singular)
antikváknál (adessive plural)
antikvába (illative singular)
antikvákba (illative plural)
antikvára (singular sublative)
antikvákra (plural sublative)
antikvához (allative singular)
antikvákhoz (allative plural)
antikvából (elative singular)
antikvákból (elative plural)
antikváról (delative singular)
antikvákról (delative plural)
antikvától (ablative singular)
antikváktól (ablative plural)
antikváé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
antikváké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
antikváéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
antikvákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
antikvám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
antikváim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
antikvád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
antikváid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
antikvája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
antikvái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
antikvánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
antikváink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
antikvátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
antikváitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
antikvájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
antikváik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Latin antīqua littera (“classic letter”), from the nominative feminine singular of antīquus (“old, ancient, classic”). Doublet of antik.

der

Coordinate term: (incunable, printed before the 16th century) ősnyomtatvány

(palaeography) a (historically significant) sixteenth-century publication


mia

(classical studies) An ancient bluffing game played with dice.


manikin

Borrowed from English mannequin, from French mannequin, from Dutch manneken. Doublet of maniki.


buc

From Frankish *būk (“belly”), from Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, stomach”). Compare Spanish buque (“vessel”) and Italian buco (“hole”).


impetus

Borrowed from Latin impetus (“a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset”), from impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), from in- (“upon”) + petō (“to seek, fall upon”).

bor

(history, medieval physics) A principle of motive force, held as equivalent to weight times velocity by John Buridan, in an auxiliary theory of Aristotelian dynamics introduced by John Philoponus, describing projectile motion against gravity as linear until it transitions to a vertical drop and the intellectual precursor to the concepts of inertia, momentum and acceleration in classical mechanics.


lanceolate

en-adj

lanceolate (comparative more lanceolate, superlative most lanceolate)

more lanceolate (comparative)
most lanceolate (superlative)

The stone tools in these levels include Still Bay points, beautifully shaped thin lanceolate spear points, flaked on both sides.

2011, Chris Stringer, The Origin of Our Species, Penguin, published 2012, page 127:

(archaeology) Of a class of knapped stone points, made without a stem, shoulders, notches, or other features that aid in attachment to a shaft.


heterochronous

heterochronous (comparative more heterochronous, superlative most heterochronous)

more heterochronous (comparative)
most heterochronous (superlative)

(paleontology) formed at different periods


dromos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos).

bor+

(archaeology) dromos (walkway to a tomb)


kall

kallen (definite singular)
kallar (indefinite plural)
kallane (definite plural)

From Old Norse karl, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz. Doublet of kar. Cognates include Elfdalian kall and Swedish karl.

(folklore) (a general term for) a male supernatural creature


orthostat

en-noun

orthostat (plural orthostats or orthostates)

orthostats (plural)
orthostates (plural)

Ancient Greek ὀρθοστάτης (orthostátēs, “upright shaft”); analysable as ortho- + -stat.

der

Near-synonyms: menhir, standing stone

(archaeology) An upright stone or slab, especially one which is part of a larger structure.


knap

en-verb

knap (third-person singular simple present knaps, present participle knapping, simple past and past participle knapped)

knaps (present singular third-person)
knapping (participle present)
knapped (participle past)
knapped (past)
knap (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Late Middle English knappen (“to strike (something)”); further etymology uncertain, probably related to Middle Dutch knappen, cnappen (“to break (something) with a sharp sound, snap; to crack or crackle”) (modern Dutch knappen), probably ultimately onomatopoeic.
The noun is derived from Late Middle English knap, knappe (“sharp blow, strike”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from the verb (see above), or related to an ancestor of Danish knep and Swedish knäpp (“a flick, rap, snap”), probably ultimately onomatopoeic.

napauttaa

(transitive) to say (something) crisply or sharply; (intransitive) to speak crisply or sharply

An average workman will knap 3,000 flints in a day of 12 hours, but a good one will make 4,000 at a pinch.

1879, Sydney B. J. Skertchly, “Manufacture of Gun-flints”, in On the Manufacture of Gun-flints, the Methods of Excavating for Flint, the Age of Palæolithic Man, and the Connexion between Neolithic Art and the Gun-flint Trade (Memoirs of the Geological Survey, England and Wales), London: […] Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, and sold by Longman & Co., […], →OCLC, page 33:

After every five or six shots, check the flint and tighten the jaws, if the flint has shifted. After twenty shots, flip the flint and dry fire the gun. This should knap the edge [of the flint].

1996 November, Lionel Atwill, “The Flash of Flint on Steel”, in Duncan Barnes, editor, Field & Stream, east edition, volume CI, number 7, New York, N.Y.: Times Mirror Magazines, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 48, column 2:

Not all chert and non-chert materials are amenable to knapping. […] Because a knapper removes flakes by loading force into a small area of the target core, materials that contain many inclusions or are coarse-grained are difficult to knap – the inclusions deflect energy producing irregular results.

1998 January, Anthony Tolonen, Laura Clifford, “Appendix F: Phase I Cultural Resource Report: Proposed Charlotte-Douglas International Airport Expansion, Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina [Method]”, in Environmental Impact Statement: Charlotte/Douglas International Airport: Appendices F–J (Project E&A-004), volume I (Technical Report), page 39:

[O]ne knapper, who was very skilled and, therefore, presumed to be an adult, made highly standardized prismatic blades. These blades were widely distributed for use throughout the site – in fact, only 10 of the 50 blades and bladelets this individual crafted were found where they were knapped.

2021, April Nowell, “Stone Tools, Skill Acquisition and Learning a Craft”, in Growing Up in the Ice Age: Fossil and Archaeological Evidence of the Lived Lives of Plio-Pleistocene Children, Oxford, Oxfordshire; Havertown, Pa.: Oxbow Books, →ISBN, page 84:

To break (something) into small pieces with a cracking sound; to fragment, to smash; also, to break (something) apart sharply; to snap.

(specifically, especially archaeology) To break away flakes from (a brittle material which fractures conchoidally (“with planar concentric curves”), usually a mineral such as chert, flint, or obsidian), often to form a tool with a sharp edge or point.

lohkoa

to break away flakes from (a brittle material), often to form a tool with a sharp edge or point


recumbent

From Latin present participle recumbēns, from recumbō (“I recline”).

recumbent stone circle
recumbent stone circle

(archaeology) A large rectangular monolith lying on its side, typically flanked by two large upright stones, the flankers; found in recumbent stone circles of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and the counties of Cork and Kerry in south-west of Ireland.


kourotrophos

Presumably from Kourotrophos, assigned by Elizabeth B. French, c. 1970

(archaeology) Any of a class of Mycenaean terracotta figurines depicting women carrying children.


Τούρκος

head

Τούρκος • (Toúrkos) m (plural Τούρκοι, feminine Τουρκάλα)

Toúrkos (romanization)
Τούρκοι (plural)
Τουρκάλα (feminine)
Τούρκος (nominative singular)
Τούρκοι (nominative plural)
Τούρκου (genitive singular)
Τούρκων (genitive plural)
Τούρκο (accusative singular)
Τούρκους (accusative plural)
Τούρκε (singular vocative)
Τούρκοι (plural vocative)

(history) any Muslim person (chiefly during the Ottoman rule of Greece)


lucharachán

lucharachán m (genitive singular lucharacháin, nominative plural lucharacháin)

lucharacháin (genitive singular)
lucharacháin (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
lucharachán (indefinite singular)
lucharacháin (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a lucharacháin (indefinite singular)
a lucharachána (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
lucharacháin (indefinite singular)
lucharachán (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an lucharachán (definite singular)
na lucharacháin (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an lucharacháin (definite singular)
na lucharachán (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an lucharachán (definite singular)
don lucharachán (definite singular)
leis na lucharacháin (definite plural)

/ˈl̪ˠʊxəɾˠəxɑːnˠ/

From Middle Irish luchrupán, from Old Irish luchorpán (from Old Irish lú (“small”, from Proto-Indo-European *legʷʰ-) + corp (“body”, which is from Latin corpus) + -án (diminutive suffix)).

af

from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*legʷʰ-</i>


cornetto

From corno (“horn”, from Latin cornū) + -etto (diminutive suffix).

suffix

from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">cornū</i>

(folklore) horn-shaped amulet resembling a hot pepper


cordate

Leaf shape
Two Dogmas of Empiricism
Willard Van Orman Quine

From the substantivation of the above adjective, alternatively straight from Latin cor(d) (“heart”) + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

af

The upper loam (E) has been reported to have yielded several white-patinated implements, including a large number of pointed handaxes, cordates, ovates and cleavers.

1977, D. K. Bhattacharya, Dibyendu Kanti Bhattacharya, Palaeolithic Europe, page 46:

Of the 58 ovates, cordates and cleavers examined, 21 have a tranchet sharpened edge, and 14 are twisted.

1985, John Wymer, The Palaeolithic Sites of East Anglia, page 107:

Slightly derived handaxes from the Mildenhall glaciofluvial sands, generally in fresh condition and dominated by ovates and cordates.

2012, Paul Pettitt, Mark White, The British Palaeolithic, page 122:


settlement

en-noun

settlement (countable and uncountable, plural settlements)

(archaeology) A site where people used to live together in ancient times; an ancient simple kind of village.


entrench

en-verb

entrench (third-person singular simple present entrenches, present participle entrenching, simple past and past participle entrenched)

entrenches (present singular third-person)
entrenching (participle present)
entrenched (participle past)
entrenched (past)

/ɪnˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/

/ɛnˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/

/ɛnˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/

From en- + trench. First attested in the 1550s.

(literally) To cut in; to furrow; to make trenches in or upon.

(construction, archaeology) To dig or excavate a trench; to trench.


Bronze Age

(archaeology) A period in a civilization's development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze.


rugose

en-adj

rugose (comparative more rugose, superlative most rugose)

more rugose (comparative)
most rugose (superlative)

(paleontology) Describing a fossil coral of the extinct order †Rugosa (also called Tetracoralla), this order has horn-shaped corals with surfaces covered with ridges.


Asiatic

Learned borrowing from Latin āsiāticus; equivalent to Asia + -atic.

(Egyptology) One of the people of ancient Canaan, Syria, or Mesopotamia; a Semite.


censor

(classical studies) censor; a Roman census administrator


tabulate

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano

Tabulata (“extinct order of corals”) + -ate. Tabulata is derived from Latin tabulāta, from tabulātum (“flooring, storey”), from tabula (“board, plank”) + -tum (from -tus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verb roots)). See further at etymology 1. The order is so named because the corals are characterized by having tabulae.

der

[W]e find the Zoantharia, in section (1), divided into tabulate and non-tabulate corals. The specimen before us is evidently tabulate, and we therefore follow the reference to section (2), where we find the tabulate corals divided into those with and those without cœnenchyma.

1865, Samuel Haughton, “Lecture VIII”, in Manual of Geology (Galbraith and Haughton’s Scientific Manuals, Experimental and Natural Science Series), London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, →OCLC, page 192:

On the Zoological Affinities of the Tabulate Corals; by Prof. A. E. Verrill.—The questions discussed in this paper were the position of the tabulate corals among Polyps, and the true value of the tabulate structure in classification. […] Prof. [Addison Emery] Verrill, therefore, concludes that the tabulate structure is of secondary importance as a character, in fixing their affinities, and that the Tabulata must be dismembered,—Halisites, Millepora, and their allies, being classed as Hydroids; and Pocillopora and Favosites with other extinct tabulated genera, as true Polyps.

1868 January, “American Association for the Advancement of Science”, in David A. P. Watt, editor, The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist: A Bi-monthly Journal of Natural Science, Conducted by a Committee of the Natural History Society of Montreal (Second Series), volume III, number 4, Montreal, Que.: Dawson Brothers, Great St. James Street, →OCLC, pages 294–295:

The large corallites are tabulate, with indistinctly differentiated walls, provided with obtusely triangular and irregular septa, and having their visceral cavities more or less freely connected with one another by lateral horizontal channels, which penetrate the interstitial tubular tissue.

1879, H[enry] Alleyne Nicholson, “Thecidæ and Helioporidæ”, in On the Structure and Affinities of the “Tabulate Corals” of the Palæozoic Period: With Critical Descriptions of Illustrative Species, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 236:

(paleontology) Describing a member of an extinct order of corals, the Tabulata: having tabulae (well-developed horizontal internal partitions within each cell).


tabulate

Both tabulates and rugosans evolved independently as part of the Ordovician Radiation; the tabulates appeared first in the Early Ordovician (~488 Mya), followed by rugosans about 20 My later.

2013, Walter M. Goldberg, “A Brief History of Reefs and Corals”, in The Biology of Reefs and Reef Organisms, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, section 13-2 (An Introduction to Paleozoic Corals), page 272, column 2:

(paleontology) A member of the order Tabulata.


ware

en-noun

ware (usually uncountable, plural wares)

From Middle English ware, from Old English waru, from Proto-West Germanic *waru, from Proto-Germanic *warō (“attention”) as in beware, in the sense of “an object of care, a valuable”, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, keep guard”), whence also ward. Cognate with Dutch waar (“goods offered for sale or use”) and Swedish vara, with the same meaning.

cog

(countable, archaeology) A style or genre of artifact.


shojo

(folklore) A creature in Japanese folklore, often depicted as a sea spirit with red hair and a fondness for alcohol.


Weimar Republic

From the name of the German city Weimar + republic.

(history) The democratic regime of Germany from 1919 to the assumption of power by Adolf Hitler in 1933.


fossil

From French fossile, from Latin fossilis (“something which has been dug up”), from fodio (“I dig up”).

der

He draws eclectically on studies of baboons, descriptive anthropological accounts of hunter-gatherer societies and, in a few cases, the fossil record.

2012 March-April, John T. Jost, “Social Justice: Is It in Our Nature (and Our Future)?”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-02-13, page 162:

(paleontology) Any preserved evidence of ancient life, including shells, imprints, burrows, coprolites, and organically-produced chemicals.

фосил

paleontology: any preserved evidence of ancient life


grim

grimen (definite singular)
grimar (indefinite plural)
grimane (definite plural)


kenttä

kenttä (nominative singular)
kentät (nominative plural)
kenttä (accusative nominative singular)
kentät (accusative nominative plural)
kentän (accusative genitive singular)
kentät (accusative genitive plural)
kentän (genitive singular)
kenttien (genitive plural)
kenttäin (genitive plural rare)
kenttää (partitive singular)
kenttiä (partitive plural)
kentässä (inessive singular)
kentissä (inessive plural)
kentästä (elative singular)
kentistä (elative plural)
kenttään (illative singular)
kenttiin (illative plural)
kentällä (adessive singular)
kentillä (adessive plural)
kentältä (ablative singular)
kentiltä (ablative plural)
kentälle (allative singular)
kentille (allative plural)
kenttänä (essive singular)
kenttinä (essive plural)
kentäksi (singular translative)
kentiksi (plural translative)
kentättä (abessive singular)
kentittä (abessive plural)
kentin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kenttäni (nominative singular)
kenttäni (nominative plural)
kenttäni (accusative nominative singular)
kenttäni (accusative nominative plural)
kenttäni (accusative genitive singular)
kenttäni (accusative genitive plural)
kenttäni (genitive singular)
kenttieni (genitive plural)
kenttäini (genitive plural rare)
kenttääni (partitive singular)
kenttiäni (partitive plural)
kentässäni (inessive singular)
kentissäni (inessive plural)
kentästäni (elative singular)
kentistäni (elative plural)
kenttääni (illative singular)
kenttiini (illative plural)
kentälläni (adessive singular)
kentilläni (adessive plural)
kentältäni (ablative singular)
kentiltäni (ablative plural)
kentälleni (allative singular)
kentilleni (allative plural)
kenttänäni (essive singular)
kenttinäni (essive plural)
kentäkseni (singular translative)
kentikseni (plural translative)
kentättäni (abessive singular)
kentittäni (abessive plural)
kenttineni (comitative plural)
kenttäsi (nominative singular)
kenttäsi (nominative plural)
kenttäsi (accusative nominative singular)
kenttäsi (accusative nominative plural)
kenttäsi (accusative genitive singular)
kenttäsi (accusative genitive plural)
kenttäsi (genitive singular)
kenttiesi (genitive plural)
kenttäisi (genitive plural rare)
kenttääsi (partitive singular)
kenttiäsi (partitive plural)
kentässäsi (inessive singular)
kentissäsi (inessive plural)
kentästäsi (elative singular)
kentistäsi (elative plural)
kenttääsi (illative singular)
kenttiisi (illative plural)
kentälläsi (adessive singular)
kentilläsi (adessive plural)
kentältäsi (ablative singular)
kentiltäsi (ablative plural)
kentällesi (allative singular)
kentillesi (allative plural)
kenttänäsi (essive singular)
kenttinäsi (essive plural)
kentäksesi (singular translative)
kentiksesi (plural translative)
kentättäsi (abessive singular)
kentittäsi (abessive plural)
kenttinesi (comitative plural)
kenttämme (nominative singular)
kenttämme (nominative plural)
kenttämme (accusative nominative singular)
kenttämme (accusative nominative plural)
kenttämme (accusative genitive singular)
kenttämme (accusative genitive plural)
kenttämme (genitive singular)
kenttiemme (genitive plural)
kenttäimme (genitive plural rare)
kenttäämme (partitive singular)
kenttiämme (partitive plural)
kentässämme (inessive singular)
kentissämme (inessive plural)
kentästämme (elative singular)
kentistämme (elative plural)
kenttäämme (illative singular)
kenttiimme (illative plural)
kentällämme (adessive singular)
kentillämme (adessive plural)
kentältämme (ablative singular)
kentiltämme (ablative plural)
kentällemme (allative singular)
kentillemme (allative plural)
kenttänämme (essive singular)
kenttinämme (essive plural)
kentäksemme (singular translative)
kentiksemme (plural translative)
kentättämme (abessive singular)
kentittämme (abessive plural)
kenttinemme (comitative plural)
kenttänne (nominative singular)
kenttänne (nominative plural)
kenttänne (accusative nominative singular)
kenttänne (accusative nominative plural)
kenttänne (accusative genitive singular)
kenttänne (accusative genitive plural)
kenttänne (genitive singular)
kenttienne (genitive plural)
kenttäinne (genitive plural rare)
kenttäänne (partitive singular)
kenttiänne (partitive plural)
kentässänne (inessive singular)
kentissänne (inessive plural)
kentästänne (elative singular)
kentistänne (elative plural)
kenttäänne (illative singular)
kenttiinne (illative plural)
kentällänne (adessive singular)
kentillänne (adessive plural)
kentältänne (ablative singular)
kentiltänne (ablative plural)
kentällenne (allative singular)
kentillenne (allative plural)
kenttänänne (essive singular)
kenttinänne (essive plural)
kentäksenne (singular translative)
kentiksenne (plural translative)
kentättänne (abessive singular)
kentittänne (abessive plural)
kenttinenne (comitative plural)
kenttänsä (nominative singular)
kenttänsä (nominative plural)
kenttänsä (accusative nominative singular)
kenttänsä (accusative nominative plural)
kenttänsä (accusative genitive singular)
kenttänsä (accusative genitive plural)
kenttänsä (genitive singular)
kenttiensä (genitive plural)
kenttäinsä (genitive plural rare)
kenttäänsä (partitive singular)
kenttiään (partitive plural)
kenttiänsä (partitive plural)
kentässään (inessive singular)
kentässänsä (inessive singular)
kentissään (inessive plural)
kentissänsä (inessive plural)
kentästään (elative singular)
kentästänsä (elative singular)
kentistään (elative plural)
kentistänsä (elative plural)
kenttäänsä (illative singular)
kenttiinsä (illative plural)
kentällään (adessive singular)
kentällänsä (adessive singular)
kentillään (adessive plural)
kentillänsä (adessive plural)
kentältään (ablative singular)
kentältänsä (ablative singular)
kentiltään (ablative plural)
kentiltänsä (ablative plural)
kentälleen (allative singular)
kentällensä (allative singular)
kentilleen (allative plural)
kentillensä (allative plural)
kenttänään (essive singular)
kenttänänsä (essive singular)
kenttinään (essive plural)
kenttinänsä (essive plural)
kentäkseen (singular translative)
kentäksensä (singular translative)
kentikseen (plural translative)
kentiksensä (plural translative)
kentättään (abessive singular)
kentättänsä (abessive singular)
kentittään (abessive plural)
kentittänsä (abessive plural)
kenttineen (comitative plural)
kenttinensä (comitative plural)

[ˈk̟e̞n̪t̪ːæ]

Borrowing from Sami, ultimately from Proto-Samic *kientē.

(heraldry, vexillology) field (background of the shield or flag)


heliocentrism

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-heliocentrism.wav

Shortened from heliocentricism, from heliocentric + -ism, from Ancient Greek ἥλῐος (hḗlios, “sun”) + κέντρον (kéntron, “centre”), equivalent to helio- + -centrism.

1923, Felix Adler, "The Reconstruction of the Spiritual Ideal," American Ethical Union, 68.
Geocentrism has been displaced by heliocentrism. Heliocentrism, in turn, the claim of the sun, surrounded by its satellites, to a sovereign place in the heavens, has become ridiculous in the face of the wilderness of suns that people the abysses beyond us.

It wasn't until the Renaissance that scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei showed proof for heliocentrism, or the idea that the planets moved around the sun.

2019, Elizabeth Howell, “PBS Series Takes Astronomy Buffs Back in Time With ‘Ancient Skies’”, in Space.com:

(astronomy, history) The theory that the sun is the center of the universe.

heliosentrisme

the theory that the sun is the center of the universe


forno

From Old Galician-Portuguese forno, from Latin furnus.


geminatio vocalium

Borrowed from Latin geminatio vocalium (“doubling of vowels”).

bor

The least-used method is geminatio vocalium, as in Oscan and (occasionally) Umbrian: PAASTORES.

2008, Andrew L Sihler, New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin:

(epigraphy) The process of indicating that a vowel is pronounced long by writing it twice, especially as was sometimes done in Latin due to influence from Oscan.


Silurian

en-adj

Silurian (comparative more Silurian, superlative most Silurian)

more Silurian (comparative)
most Silurian (superlative)

(archaeology) Of or related to the Silures, a pre-Roman British tribe.


tied

tied (comparative more tied, superlative most tied)

more tied (comparative)
most tied (superlative)

Southern US, African-American Vernacular

(archaeology) Having walls that are connected in a few places by a single stone overlapping from one wall to another.


quinta

(history, Catalonia) the payment by a city of one-fifth of its municipal taxes into the royal treasury as a condition of being granted a charter


Stone Age

(archaeology, paleontology) A broad prehistoric period during which humans widely used stone for toolmaking.


modernity

Borrowed from Latin modernitās or modern + -ity.

(history) Quality of being of the modern period of contemporary historiography.


sorcerer

/ˈsɔːsəɹə(ɹ)/

From Middle English sorcerere, from Old French sorcier, from Early Medieval Latin sortiārius, derived from Latin sortem (“fate, fortune”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind”).

Pope Joan, who once occupied the throne of the Vatican, was reputed to be the blackest sorcerer of them all.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 105:

"Well, sorcerer?" growled the Norman. "Nay, not well," replied Catweazle shivering miserably, "I have the bone-ache."

1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 7:

(mythology, folklore, fantasy) A magician or wizard. Sometimes specifically male.

yshtës

magician/wizard drawing upon natural powers


brittle

brittle (comparative brittler or more brittle, superlative brittlest or most brittle)

brittler (comparative)
more brittle (comparative)
brittlest (superlative)
most brittle (superlative)

From Middle English britel, brutel, brotel (“brittle”), from Old English *brytel, *bryttol (“brittle, fragile”, literally “prone to or tending to break”); equivalent to brit + -le.

(archaeology) Said of rocks and minerals with a conchoidal fracture; capable of being knapped or flaked.


Napoleon

de-proper noun

Napoleon m (proper noun, strong, genitive Napoleons)

Napoleons (genitive)
Napoleon (masculine nominative singular)
Napoleon (feminine nominative singular)
Napoleons (definite nominative plural)
Napoleons (genitive masculine singular)
Napoleon (genitive masculine singular)
Napoleon (feminine genitive singular)
Napoleons (definite genitive plural)
Napoleon (dative masculine singular)
Napoleon (dative feminine singular)
Napoleons (dative definite plural)
Napoleon (accusative masculine singular)
Napoleon (accusative feminine singular)
Napoleons (accusative definite plural)


Bloody Mary

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Bloody Mary.wav

(folklore) A ghost, witch or demonic spirit said to appear in a mirror if her name is chanted repeatedly.


Dev

(Irish history) Abbreviation of Éamon de Valera, former president of Ireland.


Geat

From Old English Ġēat, from Proto-West Germanic *Gaut, from Proto-Germanic *gautaz (“Geat”).

(history) A member of a North Germanic tribe formerly occupying what is now Götaland in Sweden.


Franc

head

Franc m (genitive singular Frainc, nominative plural Frainc)

Frainc (genitive singular)
Frainc (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
Franc (indefinite singular)
Frainc (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a Fhrainc (indefinite singular)
a Fhranca (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
Frainc (indefinite singular)
Franc (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an Franc (definite singular)
na Frainc (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an Fhrainc (definite singular)
na bhFranc (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an bhFranc (definite singular)
don Fhranc (definite singular)
leis na Frainc (definite plural)
Franc
Fhranc
bhFranc

From Old French franc and/or Latin Francus (“a Frank”), from Frankish *Franko (“a Frank”); both from Proto-Germanic *frankô (“javelin”).


Han

Atonal form of the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 邗 (Hán).

(history) A former city in Huai'an, Jiangsu, China

(history) A former state in Jiangsu, China under the Zhou dynasty

(history) A canal in Jiangsu, China, connecting Hancheng (now Yangzhou) on the Yangtze with Mokou (now Huai'an) on the Huai.

邗溝

canal in Jiangsu, now mostly part of the Grand Canal


Prohibition

(history) Any of several periods during which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages were restricted or illegal.

(US) The period from 17 January 1920 through 5 December 1933 in the United States, between the effective dates of the Eighteenth and Twenty-First Amendments to the United States Constitution.


Prohibition

de-noun

Prohibition f (genitive Prohibition, plural Prohibitionen)

Prohibition (genitive)
Prohibitionen (plural)
Prohibition (nominative singular)
Prohibitionen (definite nominative plural)
Prohibition (genitive singular)
Prohibitionen (definite genitive plural)
Prohibition (dative singular)
Prohibitionen (dative definite plural)
Prohibition (accusative singular)
Prohibitionen (accusative definite plural)


Terror

Proper noun form of terror. Translation of French Terreur, as coined by the Thermidorian Reaction

(politics, history, usually with the) The Reign of Terror during the French Revolution.

(politics, history, usually with the) Any specific one of several historical reigns of terror.


Te

From Coptic ⲧⲏ (tē), from Egyptian d-wA-t:dwAt (“dwꜣt”). Doublet of Duat.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">dwꜣt</i>

(Egyptology, Egyptian mythology) The realm of the dead in Egyptian mythology.


shuck

(European folklore) A supernatural and generally malevolent black dog in English folklore.


E

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鄂 (È).

The discovery suggests also that the center of the state of E was located in the Suizao corridor in Hubei, not far from the location of E as suggested by ancient geographical works.

2002, The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 229:

These three bronzes, though clearly modeled on Zhou types, are quite distinctive from the Zhou tradition. They suggest that, although the state of E served as an ally and agent of the Western Zhou state, it probably had a distinctive cultural origin of its own.

2006, Li Feng, Landscape and Power in Early China, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 330–331:

A six-character inscription cast inside the bowl records that this gui was made for a nobleman of the E state. Due to gaps in Chinese historical records, the exact history of the state of E is uncertain. Since the E Shu Gui was salvaged from a pile of scrap copper shipped to the Shanghai Foundry from Hubei province, some scholars have inferred that the gui was excavated from Hubei, therefore proving that the E state during the Western Zhou was located in today's Hubei province.

2014, Liu Yang, Cast for Eternity, Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 15:

(history) A state in ancient China of varying location in present-day Shanxi, Henan, and Hubei.

(history) Its capital, also known as Echeng and Ezhou.


P

(biblical, history) Abbreviation of Priestly source.


jura

jura (nominative singular)
jury (genitive singular)
jurze (dative singular)
jurę (accusative singular)
jurą (instrumental singular)
jurze (locative singular)
juro (singular vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Jurassic (period)


rounds

(campanology) A descending diatonic scale played on a ring of bells.


tabula

Unadapted borrowing from Latin tabula. Doublet of tavola.


Roman

en-adj

Roman (comparative more Roman, superlative most Roman)

more Roman (comparative)
most Roman (superlative)

From Old French Romain, from Latin Rōmānus. In reference to the Byzantine Empire, via the Byzantine Greek endonym Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos). By surface analysis, Rome + -an. Doublet of Romano.

(historical, historiography) Of or from the Byzantine Empire.


Roman

Kars was the capital of the small Armenian kingdom of Vanand, ruled by Gagik (the same name as the sovereign of Ani) from 1029 to 1064, when he surrendered his kingdom to the Romans. In 1053 it was taken by the Seljoukids, probably under the command of Qutlumus...

2010, John Wortley trans. John Skylitzes as A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057, p. 442, n. 192

(historical, historiography) A native or resident of the Byzantine Empire.


белый

ru-noun+

бе́лый • (bélyj) m anim (genitive бе́лого, nominative plural бе́лые, genitive plural бе́лых, feminine бе́лая)

бе́лый (canonical)
bélyj (romanization)
бе́лого (genitive)
бе́лые (nominative plural)
бе́лых (genitive plural)
бе́лая (feminine)
бе́лый (nominative singular)
бе́лые (nominative plural)
бе́лого (genitive singular)
бе́лых (genitive plural)
бе́лому (dative singular)
бе́лым (dative plural)
бе́лого (accusative singular)
бе́лых (accusative plural)
бе́лым (instrumental singular)
бе́лыми (instrumental plural)
бе́лом (prepositional singular)
бе́лых (plural prepositional)

(history, politics) a White; a member of the White Guard; an anticommunist

бе́ло-си́не-бе́лый

бе́ло- (bélo-, “white-and-”), -бе́лый (-bélyj, “-and-white, -white”)

бе́ло-си́не-кра́сный

white-blue-red, the national flag of Russia

я́сен, как бе́лый день

как бе́лый день (kak bélyj denʹ)

я́сно; как бе́лый день (jásno, kak bélyj denʹ)


OCD

Oxford Classical Dictionary
w:Oxford Classical Dictionary

(publishing, history) Initialism of Oxford Classical Dictionary.


PT

(Egyptology) Initialism of Pyramid Texts.


BST

en-noun

BST (countable and uncountable, plural BSTs)

(paleontology) Initialism of Burgess Shale Type.


balsam

pl-noun

balsam m inan (related adjective balsamowy)

balsamowy (adjective)
balsam (nominative singular)
balsamy (nominative plural)
balsamu (genitive singular)
balsamów (genitive plural)
balsamowi (dative singular)
balsamom (dative plural)
balsam (accusative singular)
balsamy (accusative plural)
balsamem (instrumental singular)
balsamami (instrumental plural)
balsamie (locative singular)
balsamach (locative plural)
balsamie (singular vocative)
balsamy (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish balsam. Compare Kashubian balzam and Slovincian balzóm.

(historical, Egyptology) embalming substance


literal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-literal.wav

From Middle English literal, from Old French literal, from Late Latin litteralis, also literalis (“of or pertaining to letters or to writing”), from Latin littera, litera (“a letter”); see letter.

(epigraphy, typography) A misprint (or occasionally a scribal error) that affects a letter.


Советский Союз

ru-proper noun+

Сове́тский Сою́з • (Sovétskij Sojúz) m inan (genitive Сове́тского Сою́за)

Сове́тский Сою́з (canonical)
Sovétskij Sojúz (romanization)
Сове́тского Сою́за (genitive)
Сове́тский Сою́з (nominative singular)
Сове́тского Сою́за (genitive singular)
Сове́тскому Сою́зу (dative singular)
Сове́тский Сою́з (accusative singular)
Сове́тским Сою́зом (instrumental singular)
Сове́тском Сою́зе (prepositional singular)

→ Ingrian: Sovetskoi Sojuza

Ru-Советский Союз.ogg

(history) Soviet Union (a former country in Eastern Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)

ru:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик

Sojúz Sovétskix Socialistíčeskix Respúblik

Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик


iki

(folklore) nocturnal, winged creature of a batlike appearance with a long thread-like sucker tongue (said to suck blood from the soles of the feet of women in childbirth)


GDR

German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic#English

(history) Initialism of German Democratic Republic (“East Germany”).


Age of Enlightenment

(history) A period of time ranging from part of the 17th century through much of the 18th century, characterized particularly by the importance of logic and reason.


Holy Roman Empire

the Holy Roman Empire (canonical)
HRE (abbreviation)

(history) A political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe from at least 962 C.E. until 1806.

اَلْإِمْبَرَاطُورِيَّة اَلرُّومَانِيَّة اَلْمُقَدَّسَة

Saint-Empire romain de la nation germanique

Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation

Hillig Röömsch Riek vun Düütsche Natschoon

Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie Narodu Niemieckiego


hoard

From Middle English hord, from Old English hord (“an accumulation of valuable objects cached for preservation or future use; treasure; hoard”), from Proto-West Germanic *hoʀd, from Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“treasure; hoard”), of unknown origin, but possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *kewdʰ- (“to conceal, hide”), thus meaning “something hidden”. Cognate with German Hort (“hoard; refuge”), Icelandic hodd (“treasure”), Latin cū̆stōs (“guard; keeper”). For the meaning development compare Russian сокро́вище (sokróvišče, “treasure”) related to Russian скрыва́ть (skryvátʹ, “to hide, to conceal”).

m+

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(archaeology) A cache of valuable objects or artefacts; a trove.


intentionalism

(history) The theory that the Holocaust was the result of a preconceived plan and decision by Adolf Hitler.


wheelhouse

From wheel + house. Sense 3 (“(baseball) a pitch location which is favourable to the hitter”) references the fact that a vessel is controlled from its wheelhouse (sense 1.2), and sense 4 (“a person’s area of authority or expertise”) is a figurative use of sense 3.

Most Celtic houses in Britain were simply constructed. They were generally round as in the remains of the house at Little Woodbury in Wiltshire, the wheelhouse at Jarlshof in Shetland, or the house on an unenclosed platform at Greenknowe in Berwickshire. [...] The roof of the Greenknowe house was conical. It had rafters fanning outwards from a high top, like the spokes of an umbrella. You can see why it is called a wheelhouse. The rafters were held at their lower ends on a horizontal ring of timber that rested on vertical posts with Y-shaped tops.

1982, Peter Somerset Fry, Fiona Somerset Fry, “Celts, Caledonians and Romans (first century BC–fifth century AD)”, in The History of Scotland, London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge & Kegan Paul, →ISBN; republished Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005, →ISBN, page 16:

Ancestors of the historical Picts can be credited with the structural form of the wheelhouse with its western and northern affinities, and with the souterrain, and distribution and function of which is becoming clearer, but which may now be thought to have persisted in evolved form until the middle part of the first millennium AD [...].

1986, J[ohn] R. Hunter, “Phase 1”, in I. B. M. Ralston, A. N. Shepherd, editors, Rescue Excavations on the Brough of Birsay 1974–82 (Monograph Series; no. 4), Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, →ISBN, section 2:1 (The Native Background), page 25:

(archaeology) A prehistoric structure from the Iron Age found in Scotland, characteristically including an outer wall within which a circle of stone piers (resembling the spokes of a wheel) form the basis for lintel arches supporting corbelled roofing with a hearth at the hub.


protected area

(conservation biology) an area where natural values are protected. The most common definitions of protected areas are those of the IUCN (World Conservation Union) http://www.iucn.org.

chráněné území

conservation biology: an area where natural values are protected


bulla

Borrowed from Latin bulla (“bubble”). Doublet of bull.

(archaeology) A clay envelope or hollow ball, typically with seal impressions or writing on its outside indicating its contents.


revisionism

en-noun

revisionism (countable and uncountable, plural revisionisms)

/ɹɪˈvɪʒəˌnɪzəm/

As for Jones’s performance as Mandy Cohen, it united two leading facets of the funnyman’s repertoire: his fondness for female impersonation, and his passion for historical revisionism.

2020 January 22, Stuart Jeffries, “Terry Jones obituary”, in The Guardian:

Tories spent last week boldly whistling their unique brand of the kind of historical revisionism that has played a major part in getting us here.

2018, Anne Perkins, “A Dad’s Army-style Brexit looms. ‘Don’t panic!’”, in Guardian:

(historiography) The advocacy of a revision of some accepted theory, doctrine or a view of historical events.


revisionism

revisionism (indefinite nominative singular)


cortex

cortex (countable and uncountable, plural cortexes or cortices)

(archaeology) The outer surface of a piece of flint.


cockatrice

First attested 1382 as Middle English cocatrice (“basilisk”), from Old French cocatriz, from Late Latin calcātrīx (“she who treads upon something”), from Latin calcō (“tread”), from calx (“heel, hoof”).

der

For, behold, I will send serpents, cockatrices, among you, which will not be charmed, and they shall bite you, saith the Lord.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 8:17:

(fantasy, folklore) A snake or serpent that appears to be hatched from a rooster, or cock's, egg.


linn

linna (genitive)
linna (partitive)
linn (nominative singular)
linnad (nominative plural)
linn (accusative nominative singular)
linnad (accusative nominative plural)
linna (accusative genitive singular)
linnad (accusative genitive plural)
linna (genitive singular)
linnade (genitive plural)
linna (partitive singular)
linnu (partitive plural)
linnasid (partitive plural)
linna (illative singular)
linnasse (illative singular)
linnadesse (illative plural)
linnusse (illative plural)
linnas (inessive singular)
linnades (inessive plural)
linnus (inessive plural)
linnast (elative singular)
linnadest (elative plural)
linnust (elative plural)
linnale (allative singular)
linnadele (allative plural)
linnule (allative plural)
linnal (adessive singular)
linnadel (adessive plural)
linnul (adessive plural)
linnalt (ablative singular)
linnadelt (ablative plural)
linnult (ablative plural)
linnaks (singular translative)
linnadeks (plural translative)
linnuks (plural translative)
linnani (singular terminative)
linnadeni (plural terminative)
linnana (essive singular)
linnadena (essive plural)
linnata (abessive singular)
linnadeta (abessive plural)
linnaga (comitative singular)
linnadega (comitative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Finnic *litna. Compare Finnish linna.


seven-league boots

en-noun

seven-league boots pl (normally plural, singular seven-league boot)

The Count strode away as if he had secured seven-league boots, and in less time than it seemed possible, though it was an age to Lady Anne (...), he returned with two bank of England notes in his hand, which he put into the bailiff's, saying,—"There's your money for yourself and all. You have proper behavour, and will make no say of this littel matter."

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XL, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 211:

(folklore, fairy tale) A pair of boots enabling the wearer to cross seven leagues at one stride.


Siebenmeilenstiefel

de-noun

Siebenmeilenstiefel m (strong, genitive Siebenmeilenstiefels, plural Siebenmeilenstiefel)

Siebenmeilenstiefels (genitive)
Siebenmeilenstiefel (plural)
Siebenmeilenstiefel (nominative singular)
Siebenmeilenstiefel (definite nominative plural)
Siebenmeilenstiefels (genitive singular)
Siebenmeilenstiefel (definite genitive plural)
Siebenmeilenstiefel (dative singular)
Siebenmeilenstiefeln (dative definite plural)
Siebenmeilenstiefel (accusative singular)
Siebenmeilenstiefel (accusative definite plural)

From sieben (“seven”) + Meilen (“miles”) + Stiefel (“boots”). In the German-speaking countries a mile was about 7.5 km (thus roughly 5 international miles).

compound

Als sie sich ungefähr drei Fuß über dem Wasserspiegel befand, ruderte ein Boot unter dieselbe, und dann ließ sich ein Siebenmeilenstiefel, dem ein zweiter Siebenmeilenstiefel und noch zwei weitere Siebenmeilenstiefel folgten, langsam ins Boot hinab.

When she was about three feet above the water's surface, a boat rowed underneath, and then a seven-mile boot, which a second seven-mile boot and then two more seven-mile boots followed, slowly came into the boat.

(folklore, fairy tales, often in the plural) a seven-league boot (one of a pair of boots enabling the wearer to cross seven leagues at one stride)


fylgja

is-noun

fylgja f (genitive singular fylgju, nominative plural fylgjur)

fylgju (genitive singular)
fylgjur (nominative plural)
fylgja (indefinite nominative singular)
fylgjan (definite nominative singular)
fylgjur (indefinite nominative plural)
fylgjurnar (definite nominative plural)
fylgju (accusative indefinite singular)
fylgjuna (accusative definite singular)
fylgjur (accusative indefinite plural)
fylgjurnar (accusative definite plural)
fylgju (dative indefinite singular)
fylgjunni (dative definite singular)
fylgjum (dative indefinite plural)
fylgjunum (dative definite plural)
fylgju (genitive indefinite singular)
fylgjunnar (definite genitive singular)
fylgna (genitive indefinite plural)
fylgnanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse fylgja, from Proto-Germanic *fulgijaną.

(folklore) a spirit which follows someone; guardian spirit


domus

Borrowed from Latin domus. Doublet of dome and duomo.

The domus was a unique and unprecedented concentration of tilled fields, seed and graain stores, people, and domestic animals, all coevolving with consequences no one could possibly have foreseen.

2017, James C Scott, chapter 2, in Against the Grain, New Haven and London: Yale University, →ISBN, page 73:

(anthropology, archaeology) A farmstead with its people, plants and animals, considered as a unit.


Leyenda Negra

Literally, “Black Legend”. Coined by Spanish historian and author Julián Juderías in his 1914 book La Leyenda Negra y la Verdad Histórica (“The Black Legend and Historical Truth”).

coin

La Leyenda Negra forma parte de esa propaganda antiespañola.

1997, Alfredo Alvar Ezquerra, La leyenda negra, AKAL, page 7:

The Black Legend constitutes part of this anti-Spanish propaganda.

(historiography) Black Legend (the depiction of Spain as cruel, greedy and fanatical)


airlift

(archaeology) A pipe that is used to suck up objects from the sea bed.


elemental

(alchemy, folklore, mythology) elemental


changeling

/ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒlɪŋ/

The noun is derived from change + -ling (suffix with the sense ‘immature; small’). Sense 6 (“idiot, simpleton”) is from the idea that foolish children had been left by magical creatures (sense 1).
The adjective is derived from the noun.

suffix

[S]he, as her attendant, hath / A louely boy ſtollen, from an Indian king: / She neuer had ſo ſweete a changeling.

[c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame. […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, […], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

Every Lover admires his miſtris, though ſhee be very deformed of her ſelfe, [...] her feet ſtinke, ſhee breed lice, a meere changeling, a very monſter, [...]: if he loue her once, he admires her for all this, he takes no notice of any ſuch errors, or imperfections of body or minde.

1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Symptomes or Signes of Love Melancholy, in Body, Minde, Good, Bad, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 2, member 3, subsection 1, page 515:

Juſt as a Changeling ſeems below the reſt / Of Men, or rather is a two-legg’d Beaſt, / So theſe Gigantick Souls amaz'd we find / As much above the reſt of human kind.

1709, Earl of Murlgrave [i.e., John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, formerly Earl of Mulgrave], An Essay on Poetry, London: […] H. Hills, […], →OCLC, page 15:

It was easy enough to see that the child was a changeling, for it wasn't like other children at all it screamed and cried, as if a knife stuck in it, and it wheezed and hit about with its arms like a huldre-cat, and was as ugly as sin.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 298:

His nurse had told him all about changelings, and how the little people would always try to steal a beautiful human child out of its cradle and put in its stead one of their own ailing, puking brats [...]

1961, Muriel Saint Clare Byrne, Elizabethan Life in Town and Country, 8th edition, London: Methuen & Co., →OCLC, page 285:

(European folklore, also figurative) In pre-modern European folklore: an infant of a magical creature that was secretly exchanged for a human infant. In British, Irish and Scandinavian mythology the exchanged infants were thought to be those of fairies, sprites or trolls; in other places, they were ascribed to demons, devils, or witches.

خائن

infant of a magical creature secretly exchanged for a human infant


mamut

pl-noun

mamut m animal (related adjective mamuci or mamutowy)

mamuci (adjective)
mamutowy (adjective)
mamut (nominative singular)
mamuty (nominative plural)
mamuta (genitive singular)
mamutów (genitive plural)
mamutowi (dative singular)
mamutom (dative plural)
mamuta (accusative singular)
mamuty (accusative plural)
mamutem (instrumental singular)
mamutami (instrumental plural)
mamucie (locative singular)
mamutach (locative plural)
mamucie (singular vocative)
mamuty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: mamùt

Internationalism; compare English mammoth, French mammouth, German Mammut, ultimately from Russian ма́монт (mámont).

(paleontology) mammoth (any elephant-like mammal of the genus Mammuthus)


biofact

Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”) + Latin arte factum (“something made with skill”).

uder

(archaeology) a biological artefact, not altered by human hands; e.g. a seed, or an uncarved wooden roof beam.


Bruno

en-proper noun

Bruno (countable and uncountable, plural Brunos or Brunoes)

From Italian, German etc continental European Bruno, name of medieval Italian and German saints and royalty, Latinized form of Old High German brūn (“brown”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūn. The surname is mostly borrowed from Italian Bruno. Doublet of Brown.


dendroarchaeology

(archaeology) the science that uses dendrochronology to date wooden material from archaeological sites


dendrochronology

(biology, archaeology) The science that uses the spacing between the annual growth rings of trees to date their exact year of formation.


Rapunzel

[χa.pũˈzɛʊ̯]


civitas

Unadapted borrowing from Latin cīvitās. Doublet of city.

(Roman history) the social body of the citizens united by law

(Roman history) a city and its territory


地下

(history) a common courtier (a courtier who didn't get access to the imperial palace)

地下に潜る

go underground (as in a political movement)


encampment

en-noun

encampment (countable and uncountable, plural encampments)

PIE word
 *h₁én
From encamp (“to establish a camp or temporary shelter”) + -ment (suffix forming nouns denoting actions or their results).

affix

(by extension, archaeology) An enclosed or fortified prehistoric site, especially a European Iron Age hill-fort.


head

† (English symbol name dagger or obelus)

dagger (English name symbol)
obelus (English name symbol)

Derives from the obelus, ⟨⸓⟩. Originally shaped like a dagger, it is now sometimes identical in shape to a Latin cross.

crux desperationis
crux desperationis#Translingual

(textual criticism, palaeography) crux critica, crux desperationis, used around a corrupt part of a text


sirena

[sɪˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish sirena, from Late Latin Sirēna, from Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn). The third sense is an extension of the original, further popularized by the rap song Sirena.

Ligaya Tiamson Rubin, may mga kuwento ang mga taga- Angono tungkol sa mga sirena na siyang nakikita sa isang malaking bato na umaawit at may mahabang gintong buhok. Kapag may dumarating na tao ay agad itong nawawala.

2005, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, (Es) kultura ng bayan: Kakambal ng ibang mga bayan:

Diego: 'Yun pong bahagi ng dagat ditong nilalabasan ng mga sirena. Galit daw po ang mga sirena sa mga tagarito. Ayon po kasi sa kuwentu-kuwento, noong unang panahon daw e pinakialaman ng mga mangingisda dito ang mga sirena ...

1993, Ricardo Lee, Salome: a Filipino filmscript, Univ of Wisconsin Center for:

Sa kaharian nila Amelita... Sa kaharian ng mga Sirena...Nakaramdam ako ng kasiyahan. Si Lagrimas... Sana ay masaya siya saan man siya naroon.... Katapusan Si Robinson Mago ay isang Electronics and Communication Engineer na ...

2014, Robin Mago, Amelita, Robinson Mago:

Natutuklasan nila sa mga libro ni Gaying na lahat ng mga taga-Angono ay nagiging bida, walang bandido, nagiging mga diwata, higante at mga sirena sa kanilang mahal na Angono. Nagkakaroon tuloy sila ng pakiramdam na sila man ay ...

2005, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, Angono, Rizal: Pagtatala ng gunita, panimulang dokumentasyon ng mga bayan sa Pilipinas, →ISBN:


-ide

it-adj

-ide (adjective-forming suffix, plural -idi)

Abbas (“Abbas”) + -ide → abbaside (“Abbasid”)


kobold

en-noun

kobold (plural kobolds or (rare) kobolde)

Borrowed from German Kobold. Doublet of cobalt.

a. 1867, George MacDonald, The Shadows, 2000 [1980], The Golden Key and Other Stories, page 96,
The king had seen all kinds of gnomes, goblins, and kobolds at his coronation; […] .

Among the nonhuman creatures that peopled rural Europe in the Middle Ages — the fairies, elves, dwarfs, trolls, and kobolds — there were beneficent female spirits who patronized those households that treated them well.

1977, James Buchanan Given, Society and Homicide in Thirteenth-Century England, published 2007, page 138:

In Germany also the kobolds are rather troublesome than otherwise, to the miners, taking pleasure in frustrating their objects, and rendering their toil unfruitful.

2011, William Wirt Sikes, Varla Ventura, The Occult Powers of Goats and Other Welsh Tales of Goblins, Fairies, Gnomes, and Elves, unnumbered page:

(German folklore) A mischievous elf or goblin, or one connected (and helpful) to a family or household.


kobold

kobold (nominative singular)
koboldy (nominative plural)
kobolda (genitive singular)
koboldów (genitive plural)
koboldowi (dative singular)
koboldom (dative plural)
kobolda (accusative singular)
koboldy (accusative plural)
koboldem (instrumental singular)
koboldami (instrumental plural)
koboldzie (locative singular)
koboldach (locative plural)
koboldzie (singular vocative)
koboldy (plural vocative)

(Germanic folklore) kobold (ambivalent, sometimes vindictive, spirit that is capable of materialising as an object or human, often a child)

(Germanic folklore) kobold (mischievous elf or goblin, or one connected (and helpful) to a family or household)


jette

jetten (definite singular)
jettar (indefinite plural)
jettane (definite plural)

From Danish jætte, from Old Norse jǫtunn, from Proto-Germanic *etunaz.


thematic

en-adj

thematic (comparative more thematic, superlative most thematic)

more thematic (comparative)
most thematic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek θεματικός (thematikós), from θέμα (théma, “theme”). Equivalent to theme + -atic.

(history) Of or relating to a theme (“subdivision of the Byzantine empire”).


masa

Ultimately from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “a weight of gold”).

(archaeology) unit of measurement of weight for gold and silver


deletionist

deletionist (comparative more deletionist, superlative most deletionist)

more deletionist (comparative)
most deletionist (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-deletionist.wav

(classical studies) Favoring the deletion of a given passage or work as spurious.


feldur

is-noun

feldur m (genitive singular feldar, nominative plural feldir)

feldar (genitive singular)
feldir (nominative plural)
feldur (indefinite nominative singular)
feldurinn (definite nominative singular)
feldir (indefinite nominative plural)
feldirnir (definite nominative plural)
feld (accusative indefinite singular)
feldinn (accusative definite singular)
feldi (accusative indefinite plural)
feldina (accusative definite plural)
feldi (dative indefinite singular)
feldinum (dative definite singular)
feldum (dative indefinite plural)
feldunum (dative definite plural)
feldar (genitive indefinite singular)
feldarins (definite genitive singular)
felda (genitive indefinite plural)
feldanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse feldr, from Proto-Germanic *faldiz.


gode

goden (definite singular)
goder (indefinite plural)
godene (definite plural)


signum

Learned borrowing from Latin signum. Doublet of sign.

(history) A medieval tower bell used particularly for ringing the eight canonical hours.


stele

From Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “upright rock; pillar; column”), plural form στῆλαι (stêlai). Doublet of stela.

uder

A superior class of members...had their names inscribed upon a marble stélé or column.

1820, T. S. Hughes, Trav. Sicily, I x 303:

It appears, that when any one of the family died, a stelè to his memory was added to the tomb.

1825, T. D. Fosbroke, Encycl. Antiq., I v 70:

In Egypt [obelisks] belonged to the class of steles (commemorative pillars).

1847, C. O. Müller, translated by J. Leitch, Anc. Art, §224 193:

The Australian stele, or grave-pillar.

1884, A. Lang, Custom & Myth, section 285:

(archaeology) An upright (or formerly upright) slab containing engraved or painted decorations or inscriptions; a stela.

Two large hieroglyphed steles incised upon the face of a projecting mass of boldly rounded cliff.

1877, A. B. Edwards, Thousand Miles up Nile, VI 143:

(archaeology, uncommon) Any carved or engraved surface.

لَوْحَة تِذْكَارِيَّة

(archaeology) tall, slender stone monument

Stele. The ornaments on the ridge of a Greek temple, answering to the antefixæ on the summit of the flank entablatures, are thus designated.

c. 1840, Hosking, "Architecture" in Encyclopædia Britannica, III 470

(architecture, archaeology, obsolete) An acroterion, the decoration on the ridge of an ancient Greek building such as a temple.


stele

stelen (definite singular)
steler (indefinite plural)
stelene (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “pillar”).

(archaeology) A tall, slender stone monument, often with writing carved into its surface


stele

stelen (definite singular)
stelar (indefinite plural)
stelane (definite plural)

(archaeology) tall, slender stone monument, often with writing carved into its surface


thunderbolt

(paleontology) A belemnite, or thunderstone.


BD

Book of the Dead
Book of the Dead#English

(Egyptology) Initialism of Book of the Dead.


Ionian

* (Hellenic, Ionia, architecture): Ionia + -n
* (moon of Jupiter): Io + -n- + -ian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pleistocene epoch.


serdar

head

serdar (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

From Ottoman Turkish سردار (serdâr), from Persian سردار (sardâr). By surface analysis, ser + -dar.

(history) A military title used in the Ottoman period.


pothole

From dialectal pot (“pit, hollow, cavity”) + hole. The "cave" senses, attested since at least 1809 (as pot-hole), may be from Middle English pot, potte (“a deep hole for a mine, or from peat-digging”), of uncertain origin; perhaps related to English pit, pote, or pot. Compare Scots pott, patt (“a pit dug in the ground; coalpit”).

(archaeology) A pit resulting from unauthorized excavation by treasure-hunters or vandals.

kuoppa

hole in a burial mound resulting from unauthorized excavators


skeletal

(paleontology, informal) Shorthand for skeletal diagram (a black-and-white drawing of a [usually extinct] animal’s skeleton to be used as a reference for paleoart)


куга

bg-noun

ку́га • (kúga) f

ку́га (canonical)
kúga (romanization)
ку́га (indefinite singular)
ку́ги (indefinite plural)
ку́гата (definite singular)
ку́гите (definite plural)

(dialectal, folklore) contagious disease, plague


pot boiler

The figurative sense comes from the notion that the writer's or artist's output is enough to provide sustenance; compare breadwinner, put food on the table, and keep the lights on.

(archaeology) A stone used to transfer heat from a fire into a vessel of water, so as to heat the contents.


conjoin

/kənˈd͡ʒɔɪn/

From Old French conjoindre, from Latin coniungo, from con- (“together”) + iungo (“join”). Equivalent to con- + join.

Attention must also be given to understanding why certain sites yield a low number of conjoins.

1984, Ellen M. Kroll, Glynn Ll. Isaac, “Configurations of artifacts and bones at early Pleistocene sites in East Africa”, in Harold Hietala, editor, Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, →ISBN, page 23:

(archaeology) A reassembled bone, stone or ceramic artifact.


midden

From Middle English midding, myddyng, from Old Danish mykdyngja, (a compound of Old Norse myk, myki (“muck, manure”) and dyngja (“dung, dungpile”)), whence also Danish møgdynge and mødding, Norwegian mødding, dialectal Swedish mödding.

(archaeology) An accumulation, deposit, or soil derived from occupation debris, rubbish, or other by-products of human activity, such as bone, shell, ash, or decayed organic materials; or a pile or mound of such materials, often prehistoric.

køkkenmødding

archeology: prehistoric pile of bones and shells


silver bullet

(literally, folklore) A bullet made of silver, usually with reference to the folkloric belief that such bullets are the only weapons which can kill a werewolf, vampire, or other monster.


sown

(especially historiography) Cultivated land inhabited by sedentary agriculturalists, in contrast to the nomad pastoralists of the steppe or desert.


carpetbagger

/ˈkɑɹpɪtˌbæɡɚ/

/ˈkɑːpɪtˌbaɡə/

From carpetbag + -er, because many carried their belongings in cheap luggage made from carpet fabric.

“You are way behind the times,” he said. “There is no Klan in Atlanta now. Probably not in Georgia. You’ve been listening to the Klan outrage stories of your Scallawag and Carpetbagger friends.”

1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part V, page 981:

The carpetbagger remains one of the most enduring symbols of the Reconstruction era. Technically, a carpetbagger was simply a northerner who went South in the wake of the Civil War and took part in Republican Party politics. For most of its lifespan, however, the term has been an epithet, denoting a lowly, immoral northern opportunist, a demagogue who preyed on the defeated South, perverted sectional peace, and rose to power by deceiving African American voters.

2012, William A. Blair, Journal of the Civil War Era: Winter 2012 Issue, UNC Press Books, →ISBN, page 539:

(politics, history, chiefly US, offensive) A migrant from the Northern to the Southern States after the American Civil War of 1861–5, especially one who went South to gain political influence.


madreporite

/ˌmædɹəˈpɔɹaɪt/

From madrepore + -ite; the echinoderm sense is in reference to how it resembles the coral.

a similar Madreporite deposite is noticed a few feet above the coal seam

1839, Report of the progress of the Geological Survey for the year 1839:

Whether madreporite occurs naturally in Spain, I do not know

1943, “Publications of the Folklore Society (Great Britain)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), page 138:

Madreporite was regarded as a variety of calcite and anthraconite a lamellar variety of madreporite

1989, Society for the Bibliography of Natural History (Great Britain), Archives of Natural History, page 199:

(archaic, paleontology) A fossil stony coral, or a deposit composed of the same.


aalenian

aalenian (accusative indefinite nominative)
aalenianul (accusative definite nominative)
aalenian (indefinite)
aalenianului (definite)
aalenianule (vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Aalenian (the latest layer of the lower Jurassic period or the earliest layer of the middle Jurassic period)


aalenian

ro-adj

aalenian m or n (feminine singular aaleniană, masculine plural aalenieni, feminine and neuter plural aaleniene)

aaleniană (feminine singular)
aalenieni (masculine plural)
aaleniene (feminine neuter plural)
aalenian (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
aaleniană (feminine indefinite singular)
aalenieni (indefinite masculine plural)
aaleniene (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
aalenianul (definite masculine neuter singular)
aaleniana (definite feminine singular)
aalenienii (definite masculine plural)
aalenienele (definite feminine neuter plural)
aaleniene (feminine indefinite singular)
aalenianului (definite masculine neuter singular)
aalenienei (definite feminine singular)
aalenienilor (definite masculine plural)
aalenienelor (definite feminine neuter plural)

(geology, paleontology) Aalenian (ertaining to or belonging to the latest layer of the lower Jurassic or earliest layer of the middle Jurassic)


Aalenian

(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Middle Jurassic epoch or series.


Aalenian

(geology, paleontology) Of or pertaining to the Aalenian epoch.


hiisi

hiisi (nominative singular)
hiidet (nominative plural)
hiisi (accusative nominative singular)
hiidet (accusative nominative plural)
hiiden (accusative genitive singular)
hiidet (accusative genitive plural)
hiiden (genitive singular)
hiisien (genitive plural)
hiitten (genitive plural rare)
hiittä (partitive singular)
hiisiä (partitive plural)
hiidessä (inessive singular)
hiisissä (inessive plural)
hiidestä (elative singular)
hiisistä (elative plural)
hiiteen (illative singular)
hiisiin (illative plural)
hiidellä (adessive singular)
hiisillä (adessive plural)
hiideltä (ablative singular)
hiisiltä (ablative plural)
hiidelle (allative singular)
hiisille (allative plural)
hiitenä (essive singular)
hiisinä (essive plural)
hiideksi (singular translative)
hiisiksi (plural translative)
hiidettä (abessive singular)
hiisittä (abessive plural)
hiisin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hiiteni (nominative singular)
hiiteni (nominative plural)
hiiteni (accusative nominative singular)
hiiteni (accusative nominative plural)
hiiteni (accusative genitive singular)
hiiteni (accusative genitive plural)
hiiteni (genitive singular)
hiisieni (genitive plural)
hiitteni (genitive plural rare)
hiittäni (partitive singular)
hiisiäni (partitive plural)
hiidessäni (inessive singular)
hiisissäni (inessive plural)
hiidestäni (elative singular)
hiisistäni (elative plural)
hiiteeni (illative singular)
hiisiini (illative plural)
hiidelläni (adessive singular)
hiisilläni (adessive plural)
hiideltäni (ablative singular)
hiisiltäni (ablative plural)
hiidelleni (allative singular)
hiisilleni (allative plural)
hiitenäni (essive singular)
hiisinäni (essive plural)
hiidekseni (singular translative)
hiisikseni (plural translative)
hiidettäni (abessive singular)
hiisittäni (abessive plural)
hiisineni (comitative plural)
hiitesi (nominative singular)
hiitesi (nominative plural)
hiitesi (accusative nominative singular)
hiitesi (accusative nominative plural)
hiitesi (accusative genitive singular)
hiitesi (accusative genitive plural)
hiitesi (genitive singular)
hiisiesi (genitive plural)
hiittesi (genitive plural rare)
hiittäsi (partitive singular)
hiisiäsi (partitive plural)
hiidessäsi (inessive singular)
hiisissäsi (inessive plural)
hiidestäsi (elative singular)
hiisistäsi (elative plural)
hiiteesi (illative singular)
hiisiisi (illative plural)
hiidelläsi (adessive singular)
hiisilläsi (adessive plural)
hiideltäsi (ablative singular)
hiisiltäsi (ablative plural)
hiidellesi (allative singular)
hiisillesi (allative plural)
hiitenäsi (essive singular)
hiisinäsi (essive plural)
hiideksesi (singular translative)
hiisiksesi (plural translative)
hiidettäsi (abessive singular)
hiisittäsi (abessive plural)
hiisinesi (comitative plural)
hiitemme (nominative singular)
hiitemme (nominative plural)
hiitemme (accusative nominative singular)
hiitemme (accusative nominative plural)
hiitemme (accusative genitive singular)
hiitemme (accusative genitive plural)
hiitemme (genitive singular)
hiisiemme (genitive plural)
hiittemme (genitive plural rare)
hiittämme (partitive singular)
hiisiämme (partitive plural)
hiidessämme (inessive singular)
hiisissämme (inessive plural)
hiidestämme (elative singular)
hiisistämme (elative plural)
hiiteemme (illative singular)
hiisiimme (illative plural)
hiidellämme (adessive singular)
hiisillämme (adessive plural)
hiideltämme (ablative singular)
hiisiltämme (ablative plural)
hiidellemme (allative singular)
hiisillemme (allative plural)
hiitenämme (essive singular)
hiisinämme (essive plural)
hiideksemme (singular translative)
hiisiksemme (plural translative)
hiidettämme (abessive singular)
hiisittämme (abessive plural)
hiisinemme (comitative plural)
hiitenne (nominative singular)
hiitenne (nominative plural)
hiitenne (accusative nominative singular)
hiitenne (accusative nominative plural)
hiitenne (accusative genitive singular)
hiitenne (accusative genitive plural)
hiitenne (genitive singular)
hiisienne (genitive plural)
hiittenne (genitive plural rare)
hiittänne (partitive singular)
hiisiänne (partitive plural)
hiidessänne (inessive singular)
hiisissänne (inessive plural)
hiidestänne (elative singular)
hiisistänne (elative plural)
hiiteenne (illative singular)
hiisiinne (illative plural)
hiidellänne (adessive singular)
hiisillänne (adessive plural)
hiideltänne (ablative singular)
hiisiltänne (ablative plural)
hiidellenne (allative singular)
hiisillenne (allative plural)
hiitenänne (essive singular)
hiisinänne (essive plural)
hiideksenne (singular translative)
hiisiksenne (plural translative)
hiidettänne (abessive singular)
hiisittänne (abessive plural)
hiisinenne (comitative plural)
hiitensä (nominative singular)
hiitensä (nominative plural)
hiitensä (accusative nominative singular)
hiitensä (accusative nominative plural)
hiitensä (accusative genitive singular)
hiitensä (accusative genitive plural)
hiitensä (genitive singular)
hiisiensä (genitive plural)
hiittensä (genitive plural rare)
hiittään (partitive singular)
hiittänsä (partitive singular)
hiisiään (partitive plural)
hiisiänsä (partitive plural)
hiidessään (inessive singular)
hiidessänsä (inessive singular)
hiisissään (inessive plural)
hiisissänsä (inessive plural)
hiidestään (elative singular)
hiidestänsä (elative singular)
hiisistään (elative plural)
hiisistänsä (elative plural)
hiiteensä (illative singular)
hiisiinsä (illative plural)
hiidellään (adessive singular)
hiidellänsä (adessive singular)
hiisillään (adessive plural)
hiisillänsä (adessive plural)
hiideltään (ablative singular)
hiideltänsä (ablative singular)
hiisiltään (ablative plural)
hiisiltänsä (ablative plural)
hiidelleen (allative singular)
hiidellensä (allative singular)
hiisilleen (allative plural)
hiisillensä (allative plural)
hiitenään (essive singular)
hiitenänsä (essive singular)
hiisinään (essive plural)
hiisinänsä (essive plural)
hiidekseen (singular translative)
hiideksensä (singular translative)
hiisikseen (plural translative)
hiisiksensä (plural translative)
hiidettään (abessive singular)
hiidettänsä (abessive singular)
hiisittään (abessive plural)
hiisittänsä (abessive plural)
hiisineen (comitative plural)
hiisinensä (comitative plural)

Varo, ettei kaivohiisi vie sinua! (parent to child)

Be careful that the well-demon doesn't get you!

(mythology, folklore) devil, demon (malicious creature)


hiisi

hiisi (nominative singular)
hiijet (nominative plural)
hiijen (genitive singular)
hiisiin (genitive plural)
hiisilöin (genitive plural)
hiittä (partitive singular)
hiisiä (partitive plural)
hiisilöjä (partitive plural)
hiitee (illative singular)
hiisii (illative plural)
hiisilöihe (illative plural)
hiijees (inessive singular)
hiisiis (inessive plural)
hiisilöis (inessive plural)
hiijest (elative singular)
hiisist (elative plural)
hiisilöist (elative plural)
hiijelle (allative singular)
hiisille (allative plural)
hiisilöille (allative plural)
hiijeel (adessive singular)
hiisiil (adessive plural)
hiisilöil (adessive plural)
hiijelt (ablative singular)
hiisilt (ablative plural)
hiisilöilt (ablative plural)
hiijeks (singular translative)
hiisiks (plural translative)
hiisilöiks (plural translative)
hiitennä (essive singular)
hiiteen (essive singular)
hiisinnä (essive plural)
hiisilöinnä (essive plural)
hiisiin (essive plural)
hiisilöin (essive plural)
hiitent (exessive singular)
hiisint (exessive plural)
hiisilöint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *hiici. Cognates include Finnish hiisi and Estonian hiis.


kist

Possibly borrowed from Old Norse kista (“chest”); but see also English cist (“crypt”).

The global library of ice has become a cracked kist, a broken storehouse leaking its contents.

2020, David Farrier, “The Library of Babel”, in Footprints, 4th Estate, →ISBN:

(archaeology) Alternative form of cist (“crypt”)


kast

kastet (definite singular)
kast (indefinite plural)
kasta (definite plural)

From Old Norse kast.
(folklore): Compare Swedish offerkast.