rapakivi

rapakivi (nominative singular)
rapakivet (nominative plural)
rapakivi (accusative nominative singular)
rapakivet (accusative nominative plural)
rapakiven (accusative genitive singular)
rapakivet (accusative genitive plural)
rapakiven (genitive singular)
rapakivien (genitive plural)
rapakiveä (partitive singular)
rapakiviä (partitive plural)
rapakivessä (inessive singular)
rapakivissä (inessive plural)
rapakivestä (elative singular)
rapakivistä (elative plural)
rapakiveen (illative singular)
rapakiviin (illative plural)
rapakivellä (adessive singular)
rapakivillä (adessive plural)
rapakiveltä (ablative singular)
rapakiviltä (ablative plural)
rapakivelle (allative singular)
rapakiville (allative plural)
rapakivenä (essive singular)
rapakivinä (essive plural)
rapakiveksi (singular translative)
rapakiviksi (plural translative)
rapakivettä (abessive singular)
rapakivittä (abessive plural)
rapakivin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
rapakiveni (nominative singular)
rapakiveni (nominative plural)
rapakiveni (accusative nominative singular)
rapakiveni (accusative nominative plural)
rapakiveni (accusative genitive singular)
rapakiveni (accusative genitive plural)
rapakiveni (genitive singular)
rapakivieni (genitive plural)
rapakiveäni (partitive singular)
rapakiviäni (partitive plural)
rapakivessäni (inessive singular)
rapakivissäni (inessive plural)
rapakivestäni (elative singular)
rapakivistäni (elative plural)
rapakiveeni (illative singular)
rapakiviini (illative plural)
rapakivelläni (adessive singular)
rapakivilläni (adessive plural)
rapakiveltäni (ablative singular)
rapakiviltäni (ablative plural)
rapakivelleni (allative singular)
rapakivilleni (allative plural)
rapakivenäni (essive singular)
rapakivinäni (essive plural)
rapakivekseni (singular translative)
rapakivikseni (plural translative)
rapakivettäni (abessive singular)
rapakivittäni (abessive plural)
rapakivineni (comitative plural)
rapakivesi (nominative singular)
rapakivesi (nominative plural)
rapakivesi (accusative nominative singular)
rapakivesi (accusative nominative plural)
rapakivesi (accusative genitive singular)
rapakivesi (accusative genitive plural)
rapakivesi (genitive singular)
rapakiviesi (genitive plural)
rapakiveäsi (partitive singular)
rapakiviäsi (partitive plural)
rapakivessäsi (inessive singular)
rapakivissäsi (inessive plural)
rapakivestäsi (elative singular)
rapakivistäsi (elative plural)
rapakiveesi (illative singular)
rapakiviisi (illative plural)
rapakivelläsi (adessive singular)
rapakivilläsi (adessive plural)
rapakiveltäsi (ablative singular)
rapakiviltäsi (ablative plural)
rapakivellesi (allative singular)
rapakivillesi (allative plural)
rapakivenäsi (essive singular)
rapakivinäsi (essive plural)
rapakiveksesi (singular translative)
rapakiviksesi (plural translative)
rapakivettäsi (abessive singular)
rapakivittäsi (abessive plural)
rapakivinesi (comitative plural)
rapakivemme (nominative singular)
rapakivemme (nominative plural)
rapakivemme (accusative nominative singular)
rapakivemme (accusative nominative plural)
rapakivemme (accusative genitive singular)
rapakivemme (accusative genitive plural)
rapakivemme (genitive singular)
rapakiviemme (genitive plural)
rapakiveämme (partitive singular)
rapakiviämme (partitive plural)
rapakivessämme (inessive singular)
rapakivissämme (inessive plural)
rapakivestämme (elative singular)
rapakivistämme (elative plural)
rapakiveemme (illative singular)
rapakiviimme (illative plural)
rapakivellämme (adessive singular)
rapakivillämme (adessive plural)
rapakiveltämme (ablative singular)
rapakiviltämme (ablative plural)
rapakivellemme (allative singular)
rapakivillemme (allative plural)
rapakivenämme (essive singular)
rapakivinämme (essive plural)
rapakiveksemme (singular translative)
rapakiviksemme (plural translative)
rapakivettämme (abessive singular)
rapakivittämme (abessive plural)
rapakivinemme (comitative plural)
rapakivenne (nominative singular)
rapakivenne (nominative plural)
rapakivenne (accusative nominative singular)
rapakivenne (accusative nominative plural)
rapakivenne (accusative genitive singular)
rapakivenne (accusative genitive plural)
rapakivenne (genitive singular)
rapakivienne (genitive plural)
rapakiveänne (partitive singular)
rapakiviänne (partitive plural)
rapakivessänne (inessive singular)
rapakivissänne (inessive plural)
rapakivestänne (elative singular)
rapakivistänne (elative plural)
rapakiveenne (illative singular)
rapakiviinne (illative plural)
rapakivellänne (adessive singular)
rapakivillänne (adessive plural)
rapakiveltänne (ablative singular)
rapakiviltänne (ablative plural)
rapakivellenne (allative singular)
rapakivillenne (allative plural)
rapakivenänne (essive singular)
rapakivinänne (essive plural)
rapakiveksenne (singular translative)
rapakiviksenne (plural translative)
rapakivettänne (abessive singular)
rapakivittänne (abessive plural)
rapakivinenne (comitative plural)
rapakivensä (nominative singular)
rapakivensä (nominative plural)
rapakivensä (accusative nominative singular)
rapakivensä (accusative nominative plural)
rapakivensä (accusative genitive singular)
rapakivensä (accusative genitive plural)
rapakivensä (genitive singular)
rapakiviensä (genitive plural)
rapakiveään (partitive singular)
rapakiveänsä (partitive singular)
rapakiviään (partitive plural)
rapakiviänsä (partitive plural)
rapakivessään (inessive singular)
rapakivessänsä (inessive singular)
rapakivissään (inessive plural)
rapakivissänsä (inessive plural)
rapakivestään (elative singular)
rapakivestänsä (elative singular)
rapakivistään (elative plural)
rapakivistänsä (elative plural)
rapakiveensä (illative singular)
rapakiviinsä (illative plural)
rapakivellään (adessive singular)
rapakivellänsä (adessive singular)
rapakivillään (adessive plural)
rapakivillänsä (adessive plural)
rapakiveltään (ablative singular)
rapakiveltänsä (ablative singular)
rapakiviltään (ablative plural)
rapakiviltänsä (ablative plural)
rapakivelleen (allative singular)
rapakivellensä (allative singular)
rapakivilleen (allative plural)
rapakivillensä (allative plural)
rapakivenään (essive singular)
rapakivenänsä (essive singular)
rapakivinään (essive plural)
rapakivinänsä (essive plural)
rapakivekseen (singular translative)
rapakiveksensä (singular translative)
rapakivikseen (plural translative)
rapakiviksensä (plural translative)
rapakivettään (abessive singular)
rapakivettänsä (abessive singular)
rapakivittään (abessive plural)
rapakivittänsä (abessive plural)
rapakivineen (comitative plural)
rapakivinensä (comitative plural)

[ˈrɑ̝pɑ̝ˌk̟iʋi]


heliotrope

en-noun

heliotrope (countable and uncountable, plural heliotropes)

PIE word
 *sóh₂wl̥
The noun is borrowed from French héliotrope, from Latin hēliotropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”), from Ancient Greek ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (hēliotrópion, “European heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum); bloodstone; solar clock, sundial”), from ἥλῐος (hḗlios, “the sun”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“the sun”)) + τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”) (from τρέπω (trépō, “to rotate; to turn”) (from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns from verbs)) + -ῐον (-ion, diminutive suffix forming nouns).
The French-derived spelling displaced Middle English elitrope, eliotropius, elitropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”) [and other forms], from Old English eliotropus, from Latin hēliotropium (see above); and Old English siġelhweorfa, sōlsece, and sunnfolgend (“heliotrope flower”).
Sense 6 (“synonym of bloodstone”) is from the fact that a piece of the mineral placed in water is said to change the sun’s rays to a blood-red colour: see the 1601 quotation.
The adjective is probably derived from the noun.

ref

From the B. A. Colonna collection, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A.

nb...

eliscrope, eliotropia, elitrepie, elitropius

heliotropi

plant with flowers which turn to face and follow the sun

garden heliotrope

Heliotropium arborescens or Valeriana officinalis

The pretious ſtone Heliotropium, is found in Æthiopia, Affricke, and Cyprus: the ground thereof is a deepe greene in manner of a leeke, but the ſame is garniſhed vvith veins of bloud: the reaſon of the name Heliotropium is this, For that if it be throvvne into a paile of vvater, it chaungeth the raies of the Sun by vvay of reverberation into a bloudie colour, eſpecially that vvhich commeth out of Æthiopia: the ſame beeing vvithout the vvater, doth repreſent the bodie of the Sun, like unto a mirroir:[…]

[1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXVII.] Of Certaine Gems Digested in Order According to the Alphabet.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 627:

Amid this dread exuberance of woe / Ran naked spirits wing'd with horrid fear, / Nor hope had they of crevice where to hide, / Or heliotrope to charm them out of view.

1814, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXIV”, in H[enry] F[rancis] Cary, transl., The Vision; or, Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, of Dante Alighieri. […], volume I (Hell), London: […] [J. Barfield] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 104, lines 89–92:

(countable, uncountable, mineralogy) Synonym of bloodstone (“a green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite”)

heliotrop

synonym of bloodstone — see also bloodstone


vesicle

From Middle French vesicule, from Latin vēsīcula.

It frequently contains holes, or vesicles, especially nearer the surface of a flow where gas has escaped.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 51:

(geology) A small cavity formed in volcanic rock by entrapment of a gas bubble during solidification.


palingenesis

en-noun

palingenesis (countable and uncountable, plural palingeneses)

/ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnəsəs/

Probably a variant of palingenesia + -genesis (suffix meaning ‘origin; production’). Palingenesia is a learned borrowing from Late Latin palingenesia (“rebirth; regeneration”), from Koine Greek παλιγγενεσία (palingenesía, “rebirth”), from Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pálin, “again, anew, once more”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn (end-over-end); to revolve around; to dwell, sojourn”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “creation; manner of birth; origin, source”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”)) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). By surface analysis, palin- + genesis.
Sense 2 (“apparent repetition, during the development of a single embryo, of changes that occurred previously in the evolution of its species”) is from German Palingenesis; while sense 3 (“regeneration of magma by the melting of metamorphic rocks”) is from Swedish palingenes. Both are derived from the Greek word: see above.
The plural form is probably from palingenesis + Latin genesēs (a plural form of genesis).

der

παλιγγενεσία

a plural form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">genesis</i>

This process of regeneration of magma has been called palingenesis by [Jakob] Sederholm, who ascribes to it many of the Archæan granite and granodiorite masses of Fennoscandia.

1926 November 11, G[eorge] W[alter] Tyrrell, “Metasomatism and Additive Processes of Metamorphism”, in The Principles of Petrology: An Introduction to the Science of Rocks, 10th edition, London: Methuen & Co. […], published 1949, page 336:

Sedimentary rocks may weather to produce more sedimentary rocks; they may be metamorphosed to produce metamorphic rocks; or they may be transformed to magma by palingenesis.

1949, Caleb Wroe Wolfe, This Earth of Ours: Past and Present, Revere, Mass.: Earth Science Pub. Co., published 1950, →OCLC, page 58:

In ultrametamorphism, useful components and volatiles, particularly water, are mobilized before partial anatexis or palingenesis of rocks takes place.

1984, Miloš Kužvart, “Origin of Industrial Minerals and Rocks”, in H. Zárubová, transl., edited by Jan Petránek, Industrial Minerals and Rocks (Developments in Economic Geology; 18), Amsterdam: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 72:

(uncountable, geology) The regeneration of magma by the melting of metamorphic rocks.


ultrametamorphosis

(geology) A form of metamorphosis that occurs at a temperature and pressure just below the fusion point of the rock


detritus

en-noun

detritus (usually uncountable, plural detritus or (rare) detrita)

From Latin dētrītus (“(that which is) rubbed away”), from dēterō (“rub away”).

bor

(countable, chiefly geology) Pieces of rock broken off by ice, glacier, or erosion.


suture

From Middle English suture, from Latin sūtūra (“suture”), from suere (“sew, join or tack together”) + -tūra (forms action nouns).

af

(geology) An area where separate terrane join together along a major fault.


tillite

The most straightforward example is probably provided by tillites.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 127:

(geology) Glacial till cemented into a solid rock.


mimic

From Latin mīmicus, from Ancient Greek μῑμικός (mīmikós, “belonging to mimes”), from μῖμος (mîmos, “imitator, actor”); see mime.

uder

(mineralogy) Imitative; characterized by resemblance to other forms; applied to crystals which by twinning resemble simple forms of a higher grade of symmetry.


weathering

en-noun

weathering (countable and uncountable, plural weatherings)

From Middle English wederyng, equivalent to weather + -ing.

At that point the cuesta is 10 miles wide but the hilltops have an eastward descent of only about 62 feet. In its general eastward slope the surface of the cuesta is exactly that of one made by weathering and stream erosion, acting upon a gently-dipping limestone bed in a region never glaciated.

1965, Lawrence Martin, The Physical Geography of Wisconsin, Univ of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page 217:

Furthermore, changes in continental weathering and riverine contributions to the oceans may also be linked with climate, and hydrothermal inputs vary with tectonism.

1997 August 15, John N. Christensen et al., “Climate and Ocean Dynamics and the Lead Isotopic Records in Pacific Ferromanganese Crusts”, in Science, volume 277, number 5328, →DOI, pages 913–918:

(geology) Mechanical or chemical breaking down of rocks in situ by weather or other causes.


transgression

transgression (countable and uncountable, plural transgressions)

/tɹænsˈɡɹɛʃən/

From Middle English transgressioun, from Old French transgression, from Late Latin trānsgressiō, from Latin trānsgressus (perfect active participle of trānsgredior (“I step across”)) + -iō.

(geology) A relative rise in sea level resulting in deposition of marine strata over terrestrial strata.


Columbia

From Columbus + -ia, the Latinized name of the European explorer, Christopher Columbus. Piecewise doublet of Colombia.

(geology) A supercontinent thought to have existed in the Paleoproterozoic.


cleave

en-verb

cleave (third-person singular simple present cleaves, present participle cleaving, simple past cleft or clove or (UK) cleaved or (archaic) clave, past participle cleft or cloven or (UK) cleaved)

cleaves (present singular third-person)
cleaving (participle present)
cleft (past)
clove (past)
cleaved (UK past)
clave (archaic past)
cleft (participle past)
cloven (participle past)
cleaved (UK participle past)

From Middle English cleven, from the Old English strong verb clēofan (“to split, to separate”), from Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”).
Doublet of clive. Cognate with Dutch klieven, dialectal German klieben, Swedish klyva, Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva; also Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”).

der

(transitive, mineralogy) To break a single crystal (such as a gemstone or semiconductor wafer) along one of its more symmetrical crystallographic planes (often by impact), forming facets on the resulting pieces.

(intransitive, mineralogy) Of a crystal, to split along a natural plane of division.


extinct

PIE word
 *h₁eǵʰs
From Late Middle English extinct (“eliminated, eradicated, extinguished”), from Latin extīnctus, exstīnctus (“extinguished, quenched; destroyed, killed; made extinct”), the perfect passive participles of extinguō, exstinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench; (figurative) to abolish; to destroy, kill”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + stinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench”) (from Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push”)). The Middle English word displaced Middle English aqueint, aquenched (“extinct; extinguished”). Doublet of extinguish.

der

Most of the volcanos on this island are now extinct.

They found the sites of extinct geysers.

(geology) Of a geological feature: no longer active; specifically, of a volcano: no longer erupting.

изгаснал

of a geological feature: no longer active; of a volcano: no longer erupting


apophysis

From Ancient Greek ἀπόφυσις (apóphusis, “offshoot”), from ἀπό (apó) + φύω (phúō, “to bring forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to exist, to grow”). Equivalent to apo- + -physis.

Minor palingenetic magmas probably were generated at this time and intruded the mantling rocks in the form of small sills and apophyses; …

1980, U.S. Government Printing Office, Geological Survey Professional Paper, Volume 1119


mor

head

mor c (singular definite moren or morren, not used in plural form)

moren (definite singular)
morren (definite singular)

Via Old Norse mǫr and/or Middle Low German mōr, from Proto-Germanic *mōraz.


ortho-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ortho-.wav

E.g. orthogneiss is a gneiss derived from igneous, rather than sedimentary (paragneiss); orthoamphibolite, orthocumulate.


subsequent

Borrowed from Middle French subséquent, from Latin subsequentis, form of subsequēns, present participle of
subsequor (“I follow, I succeed”).

fee simple subject to condition subsequent

The peculiar position of the subsequent Derwent, close to the sea, suggests some glacial interference with normal adjustments, and calls for special explanation.

1895, William Morris Davis, “The Development of Certain English Rivers”, in The Geographical Journal, page 131:

(geology, of a stream or faultline) Following a line in the earth that is more easily eroded.


subsequent

When the Middle Wye was turned into the Severn system it still continued the northward subsequent, which of course may have been initiated as a tributary when the Middle Wye belonged to the Thames system.

1899, Sydney Savory Buckman, “The Development of Rivers”, in Natural Science, page 285:

(geology) A subsequent stream or faultline.


striation

en-noun

striation (countable and uncountable, plural striations)

(countable, mineralogy) One of a number of parallel grooves and ridges in a rock or rocky deposit, formed by repeated twinning or cleaving of crystals.

The energy raised the temperature of the snow a couple of degrees, and the friction carved striations high in the icy sides of the canyon walls.

2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall : The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Time:

(countable, geomorphology) One of a number of parallel scratch lines in rock outcrops, formed when glaciers dragged rocks across the landscape.


epicentre

/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntɚ/

/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntə/

From epi- (“over, on top”) + centre, from Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on”) + κέντρον (kéntron, “centre”).
Sense of “center of an activity (particularly a disaster)” (1908) by generalization from earthquakes, possibly influenced by epidemic.

The epicentre isn't always the point of heaviest damage. Faults can be many kilometres long and seismic waves shake areas all along the fault.

2008, Michael Woods, Mary B. Woods, Earthquakes, Lerner Books, →ISBN, page 18:

(seismology) The point on the land or water surface directly above the focus, or hypocentre, of an earthquake.


unconformity

unconformity (countable and uncountable, plural unconformities)

(geology) A gap in the stratigraphic record at a site, resulting from erosion having outpaced deposition over the interval in question.


gravel

gravel (usually uncountable, plural gravels)

From Middle English gravel, grauel, from Old French gravele, diminutive of grave (“gravel, seashore”), from Medieval Latin grava, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”) (compare Breton groa, Cornish grow, Welsh gro), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂, from *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”). Compare also Old English græfa (“coal”).

(uncountable, geology) A particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.


lee

From Middle English lee, from Old English hlēo, hlēow (“shelter, protection”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw, from Proto-Germanic *hlaiwaz (compare German Lee (“lee”), Swedish lä, Danish læ, Norwegian le, Old Norse hlé, Dutch lij), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (compare Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”), Latin calēre (“to warm up”), Lithuanian šiltas (“warm, pleasant”), Sanskrit शरद् (śarad, “autumn”)).

lee side, lee shore, lee helm

(nautical, geology) Facing away from the flow of a fluid, usually air.


carbonated

en-adj

carbonated (comparative more carbonated, superlative most carbonated)

more carbonated (comparative)
most carbonated (superlative)

(mineralogy) Containing calcium carbonate, often as a result of mineral carbonation.


år

åra (definite singular)
årar (indefinite plural)
årer (indefinite plural)
årane (definite plural)
årene (definite plural)
Historical inflection of år

nn-noun-infl

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nn">åre</i> was taken in as an alternative form.

From Old Norse æðr, from Proto-Germanic *ēþrǭ.

han ransakar aadrarna i bladet

1915, Kristofer Janson, Norske eventyr som taletekster, page 75:


intermittent

en-adj

intermittent (comparative more intermittent, superlative most intermittent)

more intermittent (comparative)
most intermittent (superlative)

From Middle French intermittent, from Latin intermittens (“sending between”), from prefix inter- (“among, on”) + mittens (“sending”), from mittere (“to send”).

The area has many intermittent lakes and streams.

(specifically, geology, of a body of water) Existing only for certain seasons; that is, being dry for part of the year.


polysynthetic

polysynthetic (comparative more polysynthetic, superlative most polysynthetic)

more polysynthetic (comparative)
most polysynthetic (superlative)

(mineralogy) Having layers of twin crystals


meta-

(geology) Modified by metamorphosis; analogies and derivatives of metamorphism.

meta-

geology: analogies and derivatives of metamorphism


corundum

en-noun

corundum (countable and uncountable, plural corundums)

From Tamil குருந்தம் (kuruntam, “ruby, sapphire”) First attested in the early 18th century.

etydate

(mineralogy) An extremely hard mineral, a form of aluminum oxide with the chemical formula Al₂O₃, that occurs in the form of the gemstones sapphire and ruby; it is used as an abrasive.


urlár

head

urlár m (genitive singular urláir, nominative plural urláir)

urláir (genitive singular)
urláir (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
urlár (indefinite singular)
urláir (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a urláir (indefinite singular)
a urlára (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
urláir (indefinite singular)
urlár (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-urlár (definite singular)
na hurláir (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an urláir (definite singular)
na n-urlár (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an urlár (definite singular)
don urlár (definite singular)
leis na hurláir (definite plural)
urlár
n-urlár
hurlár
t-urlár

/ʊɾˠˈl̪ˠɑːɾˠ/

/ˈauɾˠl̪ˠɑːɾˠ/

/ˈʌɾˠl̪ˠaɾˠ/

From Middle Irish urlár (“level surface”) (compare Scottish Gaelic ùrlar).


wad

en-noun

wad (countable and uncountable, plural wads)

(mineralogy) Any black manganese oxide or hydroxide mineral rich rock in the oxidized zone of various ore deposits.


massive

en-adj

massive (comparative more massive, superlative most massive)

more massive (comparative)
most massive (superlative)

insubstantial

antonym(s) of “of or pertaining to a large mass”

inconsequential

antonym(s) of “of great significance or import”

From Middle English massif, from Middle French massif, equivalent to mass + -ive. The Irish sense is possibly derived from Irish mas (“fine, handsome”).

massief

of great size, significance or import; overwhelming

gravitationally interacting massive particle

massive astronomical compact halo object

massive astrophysical compact halo object

robust association of massive baryonic objects

super weakly interacting massive particle

(mineralogy) Not having an obvious crystalline structure.


massive

karst massives in western Georgia

(mineralogy) A homogeneous mass of rock, not layered and without an obvious crystal structure.


erratic

From Middle English erratik, erratyk, from Latin errāticus; compare Old French erratique.

The term for a displaced boulder is an erratic, but in the nineteenth century the expression seemed to apply more often to the theories than to the rocks.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, page 372:

During the last ice-age, massive stones were carried for miles by the scouring glaciers, only to be left, like passengers at the end of the line, when the glaciers retreated. Stranded in their new surroundings with rocks with which they share no common geology, their out-of-place-ness is evoked by their name: “erratics”.

2015 May 4, Dominick Tyler, “10 UK landscape features that you’ve probably never heard of”, in The Guardian:

(geology) A rock moved from one location to another, usually by a glacier.


smaragd

head

smaragd (genitive smaragdi, partitive smaragdi)

smaragdi (genitive)
smaragdi (partitive)


black jack

en-noun

black jack (countable and uncountable, plural black jacks)


canadh

canta (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
canadh (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a chanadh (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
canta (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an canadh (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
an chanta (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an gcanadh (definite singular)
don chanadh (definite singular)


gluten

gluten (countable and uncountable, plural glutens)

From Middle French gluten, borrowed from Latin glūten (“glue”).

Despite constant rain that turned roads to gluten, the Yankees kept moving.

1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford, published 2004, page 669:

(geology) A gluey, sticky mass of clay, bitumen etc.


paroxysm

paroxysm (countable and uncountable, plural paroxysms)

/ˈpɛɹəkˌsɪzəm/

From Late Middle English paroxism, paroxisme (“period of worsening of a disease, attack; sudden recurrent fever”), from Middle French paroxisme, paroxysme, and Old French peroxime (“period of worsening of a disease; bout of fever or illness”) (modern French paroxysme), and from their etymon Late Latin paroxismus, paroxysmus (“a fit; onset of a disease; violent impulse or sadness”), from Ancient Greek πᾰροξῠσμός (paroxusmós, “exasperation, irritation; severe fit of a disease”), from πᾰροξῡ́νω (paroxū́nō, “to irritate, provoke”) (from παρα- (para-, prefix meaning ‘parallel to but separate from or going beyond, beside’) + ὀξῡ́νω (oxū́nō, “to provoke; to sharpen”) (from ὀξῠ́ς (oxús, “sharp”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”))) + -μός (-mós, suffix forming abstract nouns). By surface analysis, para- + oxy- + -ism.

surf

[T]he Storm had ſeven Paroxyſms or Exacerbations, vvhich the Seamen call Frights of VVeather, […]

a. 1692 (date written), Robert Boyle, “Title XV. Of the Motion of the Air, and of Winds.”, in The General History of the Air, […], London: […] Awnsham and John Churchill, […], published 1692, →OCLC, page 85:

[W]ith paroxiſms of ſtrange diſmay / Th' amazed Heav'ns ſtood ſtill, Earth's baſis ſhook, / The troubled Ocean roard, the ſtartled Air / In hollovv grones profoundly breath'd its fear.

1702, Joseph Beaumont, “Canto VI. The Humiliation. Stanza 192.”, in Charles Beaumont, editor, Psyche, or Love’s Mystery, […], 2nd edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] University-Press, for Tho[mas] Bennet, […], →OCLC, page 86, column 1:

(countable, chiefly geology) A violent occurrence of a natural phenomenon, such as an earthquake, thunderstorm, or volcanic eruption; specifically (volcanology), the most explosive event during a series of volcanic eruptions.

purkaushuippu

violent occurrence of a natural phenomenon; most explosive event during a series of volcanic eruptions


cyanose

Coined by François Sulpice Beudant, from Ancient Greek κυάνεος (kuáneos).


agat

agatowy (adjective)
agat (nominative singular)
agaty (nominative plural)
agatu (genitive singular)
agatów (genitive plural)
agatowi (dative singular)
agatom (dative plural)
agat (accusative singular)
agaty (accusative plural)
agatem (instrumental singular)
agatami (instrumental plural)
agacie (locative singular)
agatach (locative plural)
agacie (singular vocative)
agaty (plural vocative)

agat oprawiony w coś

przepiękne agaty

agat mszysty

wykonany z agatu

(mineralogy) agate (semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two)


agat

agat (indefinite nominative singular)
agats (genitive indefinite singular)
agaten (definite nominative singular)
agatens (definite genitive singular)
agater (indefinite nominative plural)
agaters (genitive indefinite plural)
agaterna (definite nominative plural)
agaternas (definite genitive plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓χᾱ́της (akhā́tēs).


lunette

Unadapted borrowing from French lunette, diminutive of lune (“moon”).

Sticking out of a crescent-shaped sand ridge of a type known as a lunette were some human bones.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, published 2003, page 403:

These lunettes are relicts of a Late Pleistocene deflationary period, when the lacustrine hydrology changed from perennial water-filled lakes to desiccated mudflats.

2006, John K Warren, Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons, page 31:

(geology) A type of crescent-shaped dune blown up along a lake basin, especially in dry areas of Australia.


titanic

From titan(ium) + -ic (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives from nouns), in the case of sense 1 (“of or relating to titanium”) modelled after French titanique.

suffix

(mineralogy) Of a mineral, especially iron ore: containing titanium, or from which titanium may be extracted.


vicariance

en-noun

vicariance (countable and uncountable, plural vicariances)

(geology) The geological event which produces such a barrier (volcano, earthquake, etc)


eluviation

eluviation (countable and uncountable, plural eluviations)

(geology, uncountable) Creation of geological deposits (eluvial deposits) by in situ weathering or weathering plus gravitational movement or accumulation.


rolling stone

From the proverb a rolling stone gathers no moss.

(geology) A geological phenomenon where rocks move and inscribe long tracks along a smooth valley floor without animal or human intervention.


ooidal

1975, Augustus K. Armstrong, Carboniferous Corals of Alaska, A Preliminary Report, Paleozoic Corals of Alaska, Geological Survey Professional Paper, Volume 823, Parts 1-4, page 49,
The lithostrotionoid corals are common in bryozoan-echinoderm and ooidal packstones adjacent to ooidal and well-sorted crinoid grainstones.

The two formations show similar types of ooidal ironstone as well as other quite different lithologies.

2004, East Midlands Geological Society, The Mercian Geologist, volume 16, page 214:

2009, Oscar Merino-Tomé, Juan R. Bahamonde, Luis P. Fernández, Juan R. Colmenero, Facies architecture and cyclicity of an Upper Carboniferous carbonate ramp developed in a Variscan piggy-back basin (Cantabrian Mountains, northwest Spain), Gary Nichols, Edward Williams, Chris Paola (editors), Sedimentary Processes, Environments and Basins: A Tribute to Peter Friend, International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 38, page 203,
Inner-ramp deposits correspond to skeletal and ooidal shoals, beaches and tidal channels (see Burchette & Wright, 1992).


autochthonous

allochthonous

antonym(s) of “native to the place where found, buried in place”

/ɔːˈtɒkθənəs/

/ɔˈtɑkθənəs/

/ɑˈtɑkθənəs/

Literally, “native to the soil”; from autochthon + -ous.

Death and burial may be simultaneous, resulting in a preserved snapshot of an autochthonous assemblage that may be compared directly with present day ecosystems.

1992, Anna K. Behrensmeyer et al., Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time, page 83:

(geology) Buried in place, especially of a fossil preserved in its life position without disturbance or disarticulation.


plume

From Late Middle English plum, plume (“feather; plumage”), from Anglo-Norman plum, plume f and Middle French, Old French plume f, plome (“plumage; down used for stuffing pillows, etc.; pen, quill”) (modern French plume f (“feather; pen, quill; pen nib; (figurative) writer”)), and directly from its etymon Latin plūma f (“feather; plumage; down”) (compare Late Latin plūma f (“pen, quill”)), from Proto-Italic *plouksmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly; to flow; to run; to flap with hands; to splash”).
The English word is a doublet of pluma.

der

(geology) Short for mantle plume (“an upwelling of abnormally hot molten material from the Earth's mantle which spreads sideways when it reaches the lithosphere”).

pluumi

short for mantle plume — see also mantle plume


polysynthetic twinning

en-noun

polysynthetic twinning (usually uncountable, plural polysynthetic twinnings)

(geology) A type of contact twinning, typically observed in plagioclase, in which the composition surfaces are parallel to one another


bedding

bedding (countable and uncountable, plural beddings)

From Middle English bedding, beddyng, from Old English bedding (“bedding”), equivalent to bed + -ing.

(geology) A structure occurring in granite and similar massive rocks that allows them to split in well-defined planes horizontally or parallel to the land surface.

cisealú

geology: structure occurring in massive rocks that allows them to split in parallel horizontal planes


zócalo

→ English: zocalo

From Latin socculus, diminutive of soccus (“slipper”).

(geology) basement, shelf (mass of rock underlying sedimentary cover)


yacimiento

yacimiento mineral


bora

bóra (canonical feminine)
бо́ра (Cyrillic)
bora (nominative singular)
bore (nominative plural)
bore (genitive singular)
bora (genitive plural)
bori (dative singular)
borama (dative plural)
boru (accusative singular)
bore (accusative plural)
boro (singular vocative)
bore (plural vocative)
bori (locative singular)
borama (locative plural)
borom (instrumental singular)
borama (instrumental plural)


glance

glance (countable and uncountable, plural glances)

From Late Middle English glaunce (compare glaunce-ore (“type of ore; lead ore used for glazing pottery (?)”)), borrowed from Middle High German glanz (“(adjective) gleaming, glittering, sparkling; (noun) a gleam, glitter, sparkle”), from Old High German glanz (“bright”, adjective), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlend-.

der

Short for glance coal (“any hard, lustrous coal such as anthracite”).

glance coal

copper glance    silver glance

The Oxides, Pyrites, Glances, and Blendes, might be so termed; thus we should have Tungstic Iron Oxide (usually called Tungstate of Iron), Arsenical Iron Pyrites (Mispickel), Tetrahedral Copper Glance (Fahlerz), Quicksilver Blende (Cinnabar), and the Metals might be termed native, as Native Copper, Native Silver.

1840, William Whewell, “Aphorisms Concerning Science. Aphorism XVII.”, in The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded upon Their History. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […]; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: J. and J. J. Deighton, →OCLC, page cxix:

(obsolete except in the names of certain minerals) Any of various sulphides, mostly dark-coloured, which have a brilliant metallic lustre.

бленда

any of various sulphides which have a brilliant metallic lustre


profil

profil (nominative singular)
profile (nominative plural)
profilu (genitive singular)
profili (genitive plural)
profilów (genitive plural)
profilowi (dative singular)
profilom (dative plural)
profil (accusative singular)
profile (accusative plural)
profilem (instrumental singular)
profilami (instrumental plural)
profilu (locative singular)
profilach (locative plural)
profilu (singular vocative)
profile (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French profil, from Italian profilo.

(geology) profile (vertical cross-section showing the geological structure of a given section of the earth's crust)


verde

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis. Cognates include Italian verde and French vert.


centrum

From Middle English centrum, from Latin centrum. Doublet of centre.

(seismology) The focus or place of origin of an earthquake.


kenttä

kenttä (nominative singular)
kentät (nominative plural)
kenttä (accusative nominative singular)
kentät (accusative nominative plural)
kentän (accusative genitive singular)
kentät (accusative genitive plural)
kentän (genitive singular)
kenttien (genitive plural)
kenttäin (genitive plural rare)
kenttää (partitive singular)
kenttiä (partitive plural)
kentässä (inessive singular)
kentissä (inessive plural)
kentästä (elative singular)
kentistä (elative plural)
kenttään (illative singular)
kenttiin (illative plural)
kentällä (adessive singular)
kentillä (adessive plural)
kentältä (ablative singular)
kentiltä (ablative plural)
kentälle (allative singular)
kentille (allative plural)
kenttänä (essive singular)
kenttinä (essive plural)
kentäksi (singular translative)
kentiksi (plural translative)
kentättä (abessive singular)
kentittä (abessive plural)
kentin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kenttäni (nominative singular)
kenttäni (nominative plural)
kenttäni (accusative nominative singular)
kenttäni (accusative nominative plural)
kenttäni (accusative genitive singular)
kenttäni (accusative genitive plural)
kenttäni (genitive singular)
kenttieni (genitive plural)
kenttäini (genitive plural rare)
kenttääni (partitive singular)
kenttiäni (partitive plural)
kentässäni (inessive singular)
kentissäni (inessive plural)
kentästäni (elative singular)
kentistäni (elative plural)
kenttääni (illative singular)
kenttiini (illative plural)
kentälläni (adessive singular)
kentilläni (adessive plural)
kentältäni (ablative singular)
kentiltäni (ablative plural)
kentälleni (allative singular)
kentilleni (allative plural)
kenttänäni (essive singular)
kenttinäni (essive plural)
kentäkseni (singular translative)
kentikseni (plural translative)
kentättäni (abessive singular)
kentittäni (abessive plural)
kenttineni (comitative plural)
kenttäsi (nominative singular)
kenttäsi (nominative plural)
kenttäsi (accusative nominative singular)
kenttäsi (accusative nominative plural)
kenttäsi (accusative genitive singular)
kenttäsi (accusative genitive plural)
kenttäsi (genitive singular)
kenttiesi (genitive plural)
kenttäisi (genitive plural rare)
kenttääsi (partitive singular)
kenttiäsi (partitive plural)
kentässäsi (inessive singular)
kentissäsi (inessive plural)
kentästäsi (elative singular)
kentistäsi (elative plural)
kenttääsi (illative singular)
kenttiisi (illative plural)
kentälläsi (adessive singular)
kentilläsi (adessive plural)
kentältäsi (ablative singular)
kentiltäsi (ablative plural)
kentällesi (allative singular)
kentillesi (allative plural)
kenttänäsi (essive singular)
kenttinäsi (essive plural)
kentäksesi (singular translative)
kentiksesi (plural translative)
kentättäsi (abessive singular)
kentittäsi (abessive plural)
kenttinesi (comitative plural)
kenttämme (nominative singular)
kenttämme (nominative plural)
kenttämme (accusative nominative singular)
kenttämme (accusative nominative plural)
kenttämme (accusative genitive singular)
kenttämme (accusative genitive plural)
kenttämme (genitive singular)
kenttiemme (genitive plural)
kenttäimme (genitive plural rare)
kenttäämme (partitive singular)
kenttiämme (partitive plural)
kentässämme (inessive singular)
kentissämme (inessive plural)
kentästämme (elative singular)
kentistämme (elative plural)
kenttäämme (illative singular)
kenttiimme (illative plural)
kentällämme (adessive singular)
kentillämme (adessive plural)
kentältämme (ablative singular)
kentiltämme (ablative plural)
kentällemme (allative singular)
kentillemme (allative plural)
kenttänämme (essive singular)
kenttinämme (essive plural)
kentäksemme (singular translative)
kentiksemme (plural translative)
kentättämme (abessive singular)
kentittämme (abessive plural)
kenttinemme (comitative plural)
kenttänne (nominative singular)
kenttänne (nominative plural)
kenttänne (accusative nominative singular)
kenttänne (accusative nominative plural)
kenttänne (accusative genitive singular)
kenttänne (accusative genitive plural)
kenttänne (genitive singular)
kenttienne (genitive plural)
kenttäinne (genitive plural rare)
kenttäänne (partitive singular)
kenttiänne (partitive plural)
kentässänne (inessive singular)
kentissänne (inessive plural)
kentästänne (elative singular)
kentistänne (elative plural)
kenttäänne (illative singular)
kenttiinne (illative plural)
kentällänne (adessive singular)
kentillänne (adessive plural)
kentältänne (ablative singular)
kentiltänne (ablative plural)
kentällenne (allative singular)
kentillenne (allative plural)
kenttänänne (essive singular)
kenttinänne (essive plural)
kentäksenne (singular translative)
kentiksenne (plural translative)
kentättänne (abessive singular)
kentittänne (abessive plural)
kenttinenne (comitative plural)
kenttänsä (nominative singular)
kenttänsä (nominative plural)
kenttänsä (accusative nominative singular)
kenttänsä (accusative nominative plural)
kenttänsä (accusative genitive singular)
kenttänsä (accusative genitive plural)
kenttänsä (genitive singular)
kenttiensä (genitive plural)
kenttäinsä (genitive plural rare)
kenttäänsä (partitive singular)
kenttiään (partitive plural)
kenttiänsä (partitive plural)
kentässään (inessive singular)
kentässänsä (inessive singular)
kentissään (inessive plural)
kentissänsä (inessive plural)
kentästään (elative singular)
kentästänsä (elative singular)
kentistään (elative plural)
kentistänsä (elative plural)
kenttäänsä (illative singular)
kenttiinsä (illative plural)
kentällään (adessive singular)
kentällänsä (adessive singular)
kentillään (adessive plural)
kentillänsä (adessive plural)
kentältään (ablative singular)
kentältänsä (ablative singular)
kentiltään (ablative plural)
kentiltänsä (ablative plural)
kentälleen (allative singular)
kentällensä (allative singular)
kentilleen (allative plural)
kentillensä (allative plural)
kenttänään (essive singular)
kenttänänsä (essive singular)
kenttinään (essive plural)
kenttinänsä (essive plural)
kentäkseen (singular translative)
kentäksensä (singular translative)
kentikseen (plural translative)
kentiksensä (plural translative)
kentättään (abessive singular)
kentättänsä (abessive singular)
kentittään (abessive plural)
kentittänsä (abessive plural)
kenttineen (comitative plural)
kenttinensä (comitative plural)

[ˈk̟e̞n̪t̪ːæ]

Borrowing from Sami, ultimately from Proto-Samic *kientē.

(geology) field (region containing a particular mineral)


ghiacciaio

Calque of French glacier as ghiaccio + -aio.


minette

The minettes of Buell Mountain are felsic, and many contain ground-mass quartz.

(mineralogy) A mineral deposit consisting of iron ore of sedimentary origin, found in the south of Luxembourg and in Lorraine.


terrain

en-noun

terrain (countable and uncountable, plural terrains)

Unadapted borrowing from French terrain, from Latin terrenum (“land, ground”), neuter of terrenus (“consisting of earth”), from terra (“earth”).

(geology) A single, distinctive rock formation; an area having a preponderance of a particular rock or group of rocks.


cummingtonite

cummingtonite (countable and uncountable, plural cummingtonites)

From Cummington + -ite, since it was originally discovered in Cummington, Massachusetts.

(mineralogy) A mineral, magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide, (Mg,Fe)₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂.

cummingtoniet

mineral magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide


piropo

From Ancient Greek πυρωπός (purōpós, “fire-like”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


piropo

From Latin pyropus, from Ancient Greek πυρωπός (purōpós, “fire-colored”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


piropo

→ Portuguese: piropo


folding

en-noun

folding (countable and uncountable, plural foldings)

(geology) the deformation of the Earth's crust in response to slow lateral compression.


recess

recess (countable and uncountable, plural recesses)

The noun is borrowed from Latin recessus (“act of going back, departure, receding, retiring; (figuratively) retreat, withdrawal; (metonymically) distant, secluded, or secret spot, corner, nook, retreat; recessed part, indentation”) (also Late Latin recessus (“decree or resolution of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire”)), from recēdō (“to go back, recede, retire, withdraw; to go away, depart; (by extension) to disappear, vanish; to separate; to stand back, be distant; to yield”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + cēdō (“to go, move, proceed”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs); influenced by Middle French recès, French recès (“a break, pause; break between classes in school; school vacation; ebbing of tide; reduction”) (also Anglo-Norman recès and Old French recès (“hiding place; hollow”).
Sense 5 (“decree or resolution of the diet of the Holy Roman Empire, etc.”) is possibly influenced by Italian recesso and refers to a decree or resolution made just before a meeting ends.
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.
cognates
* Catalan recés
* Italian recesso
* Middle French recès (modern French recès)
* Portuguese recesso
* Spanish receso

syvyys

hidden, innermost, or inaccessible place or part of a place

فُسْحة

temporary stoppage of an activity — see also break, pause

Orogenic arcs are made up by more advanced segments (salients) separated by less advanced zones (recesses) (Miser, 1932). Within salients, the critical taper is lower, the distance among thrust ramps is larger, and there may be more ramps departing from the basal décollement layer with respect to the recess areas.

2018 April 17, Michele Livani, Davide Scrocca, Paola Arecco, Carlo Doglioni, “Structural and Stratigraphic Control on Salient and Recess Development Along a Thrust Belt Front: The Northern Apennines (Po Plain, Italy)”, in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, volume 123, number 5, →DOI, pages 4360-4387:

fold and thrust belt
fold and thrust belt

(countable, geology) An overall-concave, reentrant section of a sinuous fold and thrust belt, thrust sheet, or a single thrust fault, caused by one or more of: deformation (folding and faulting) of strata and geologic structures during orogenesis, differences in the angle of critical taper during orogenesis, or differing erosional level of the present geomorphological surface.


pyrogenous

en-adj

pyrogenous (comparative more pyrogenous, superlative most pyrogenous)

more pyrogenous (comparative)
most pyrogenous (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyrogenous.wav

(pathology, chemistry, geology) Synonym of pyrogenic

(pathology, chemistry, geology) Synonym of pyrogenetic


pyroclastic surge

en-noun

pyroclastic surge (plural pyroclastic surges)

(volcanology) A fluidized mass of turbulent gas and rock fragments which is ejected during some volcanic eruptions.


repose

repose (countable and uncountable, plural reposes)

Berthe Morisot
Rhode Island School of Design Museum
Édouard Manet

The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsis, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sis, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).
Noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.
cognates
* Catalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)
* Italian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)
* Old Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)
* Portuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)
* Spanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)

ref

From the collection of the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

հանգիստ

temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; an instance of this — see also break, rest

VVhile proudly riding o'er the azure realm / In gallant trim the gilded Veſſel goes; / Youth on the provv, and Pleaſure at the helm; / Regardleſs of the ſvveeping VVhirlvvind's ſvvay, / That, huſh'd in grim repoſe, expects his evening-prey.

1755–1757 (date written), [Thomas] Gray, “Ode VI. The Bard. Pindaric.”, in The Poems of Mr. Gray. […], York, Yorkshire: […] A[nn] Ward; and sold by J[ames] Dodsley, […]; and J[ohn] Todd, […], published 1775, →OCLC, stanza II.2, page 31:

[…] Vesuvius was virtually in repose, and the slow changes in the heaped white cloud above the crater were only like those of a thunder cloud.

1887, John Ruskin, “Cumæ”, in Præterita. Outlines of Scenes and Thoughts Perhaps Worthy of Memory in My Past Life, volume II, Orpington, Kent: George Allen, →OCLC, page 87:

(uncountable, chiefly geology) Of a natural phenomenon, especially the eruption of a volcano: the state of temporary cessation of activity; dormancy, quiescence.

klid

of a natural phenomenon, especially the eruption of a volcano: the state of temporary cessation of activity — see also dormancy, quiescence


pyrogenic

en-adj

pyrogenic (comparative more pyrogenic, superlative most pyrogenic)

more pyrogenic (comparative)
most pyrogenic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyrogenic.wav

(geology) of a mineral formed from magma at high temperature


tabular

tabular (comparative more tabular, superlative most tabular)

more tabular (comparative)
most tabular (superlative)

(geology) tending to split into thin flat pieces, as slate does


pyroclastic

From pyro- + clastic, from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”), and κλαστός (klastós, “broken”).

The word "ash" is not a very good one to include all the mechanical accompaniments of a subaerial or subaqueous eruption, since ash seems to be restricted to a fine powder, the residuum of combustion. A word is wanting to express all such accompaniments, no matter what their size or condition may be, when they are accumulated in such mass as to form beds of "rock." We might call them perhaps "pyroclastic materials," ...

1862, Joseph Beete Jukes, “Igneous Rocks”, in The Student's Manual of Geology, 2nd edition, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, page 68:

Within sixty seconds, the entire area was razed by pyroclastic material with a temperature of nearly two thousand degrees Fahrenheit.

2022, Lindsey Fitzharris, The Facemaker, page 61:

(volcanology) Mostly composed of rock fragments of volcanic origin or comminuted during an eruption.


vermiculite

en-noun

vermiculite (countable and uncountable, plural vermiculites)

From Latin vermiculus (“wormlet”), for its fibrous nature and tendency to expand into worm-like shapes when heated.

(mineralogy) A hydrated silicate mineral which expands on heating; it is used in insulation and as a medium for planting.


IT

IT (countable and uncountable, plural ITs)

(geology) Initialism of intercept-time method.


paraffin

paraffin (countable and uncountable, plural paraffins)

From Latin paraffinum, from parum (too little) + affinis (related, affinity). Therefore low affinity or being chemically neutral.

(petrochemistry, organic chemistry) Any member of the alkane hydrocarbons.


Cretaceous

As with the Lejeuneaceae, this pattern of massive speciation appears to be correlated with the Cretaceous explosion of the angiosperms and the simultaneous creation of a host of new microenvironments, differing in humidity, light intensity, texture, etc.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, pages 3–4:

(geology) The geologic period within the Mesozoic era that comprises lower and upper epochs from about 146 to 66 million years ago.


Neoproterozoic

(geology) Of a geologic era within the Proterozoic eon; comprises the Tonian, Cryogenian and Ediacaran periods from about 1000 to 544 million years ago, when algae and sponges flourished.


Siderian

en-adj

Siderian (comparative more Siderian, superlative most Siderian)

more Siderian (comparative)
most Siderian (superlative)

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleoproterozoic era from about 2500 to 2300 million years ago.


Mesoproterozoic

(geology) Of a geologic era within the Proterozoic eon; comprises the Calymmian, Ectasian and Stennian periods from about 1600 to 900 million years ago, when the Rodinia supercontinent was formed.


Orosirian

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleoproterozoic era from about 2050 to 1800 million years ago.


Stennian

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Mesoproterozoic era from about 1200 to 1000 million years ago.


Statherian

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleoproterozoic era from about 1800 to 1600 million years ago.


Rhyacian

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleoproterozoic era from about 2300 to 2050 million years ago.


Neoarchean

(geology) Of a geologic era within the Archaean eon from about 2800 to 2500 million years ago.

myöhäisarkeeinen

of a geologic era from 2,800 to 2,500 million years ago


Neoarchean

(geology) The era from 2,800 Ma to 2,500 Ma.


Calymmian

From Ancient Greek κάλυμμα (kálumma, “covering”).


Calymmian

en-adj

Calymmian (comparative more Calymmian, superlative most Calymmian)

more Calymmian (comparative)
most Calymmian (superlative)

(geology) of a geologic period within the Mesoproterozoic era from about 1600 to 1400 million years ago


Eoarchean

/ˌiːəʊ.ɑːˈkiːən/

/ˌiːoʊ.ɑɹˈkiːən/

(geology) Of a geologic era within the Archaean eon from about 4600 to 3600 million years ago; the first single-celled life began at this time.

esiarkeeinen

of geologic era from 4,600 to 3,600 million years ago


Eoarchean

/ˌiːəʊ.ɑːˈkiːən/

/ˌiːoʊ.ɑɹˈkiːən/

(geology) The era from 4,000 Ma to 3,600 Ma.


Tonian

From Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “stretch”).

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Neoproterozoic era from about 1000 to 850 million years ago.


Wenlock

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Silurian period from about 428 to 423 million years ago; marked by the appearance of the first corals.


Furongian

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Cambrian period from about 501 to 488 million years ago; marked by an "explosion" of life.


Cryogenian

Cryogenian (comparative more Cryogenian, superlative most Cryogenian)

more Cryogenian (comparative)
most Cryogenian (superlative)

From cryogenic (“of low temperature”) + -ian.

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Neoproterozoic era from about 850 to 600 million years ago.


Paleoproterozoic

(geology) The era from 2,500 Ma to 1,600 Ma, marked by a dramatic increase in atmospheric oxygen.


Paleoproterozoic

(geology) Of a geologic era within the Proterozoic eon from 2,500 to 1,600 million years ago.

varhaisproterotsooinen

of an era from 2,500 to 1,600 million years ago


Mesoarchean

(geology) Of a geologic era within the Archaean eon from about 3200 to 2800 million years ago; stromatolites have existed from this time.

keskiarkeeinen

of a geologic era from about 3,200 to 2,800 million years ago


Mesoarchean

(geology) The era from 3,200 Ma to 2,800 Ma.


Pridoli

Pridoli (comparative more Pridoli, superlative most Pridoli)

more Pridoli (comparative)
most Pridoli (superlative)

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Silurian period from about 419 to 416 million years ago; marked by the appearance of the first vascular land plants.


Ectasian

Ectasian (comparative more Ectasian, superlative most Ectasian)

more Ectasian (comparative)
most Ectasian (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἔκτασις (éktasis, “extension”) + -ian.

af

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Mesoproterozoic era from about 1400 to 1200 million years ago.


Llandovery

From the rock formation named after the nearby town.

(geology) A geological epoch within the Silurian period from about 443 to 428 million years ago; marked by the appearance of the trilobites.


Guadalupian

From Guadalupe + -ian, after the Guadalupe mountains in New Mexico.

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Permian period from about 270 to 260 million years ago; marked by the presence of gymnosperms.

keskipermikautinen

of epoch from about 270 to 260 million years ago


Lopingian

From Loping + -ian, from Leping, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China.

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Permian period from about 260 to 251 million years ago; marked by the formation of the Pangea supercontinent.

myöhäispermikautinen

of epoch from 260 to 251 million years ago


Cisuralian

en-adj

Cisuralian (comparative more Cisuralian, superlative most Cisuralian)

more Cisuralian (comparative)
most Cisuralian (superlative)

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Permian period from about 299 to 270 million years ago; marked by the appearance of beetles and flies.


Hadean

From Hades + -an, from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hā́idēs).

(geology) The Hadean eon; part of the Precambrian supereon, spanning from around 4.6 to 4 billion years ago.


Hadean

(geology) Of or relating to the Hadean geological eon.


Neogene

From neo- + -gene. From Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new”) + γενεά (geneá, “generation”).

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Cenozoic era; comprises the Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene epochs from about 26 million years ago to the present.

neogeenikautinen

of a period from 26 million years ago to present


Ludlow

en-proper noun

Ludlow (countable and uncountable, plural Ludlows)

Ludlow
Ludlow (disambiguation)
River Teme

From the Old English rivername Hlūde, now the River Teme, + hlǣw (“mountain, hill, mound”).


Ludlow

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Silurian period from about 423 to 419 million years ago; marked by the appearance of the millipedes.


Oligocene

From German Oligozän (originally spelt Oligocän, coined in 1854). By surface analysis, oligo- + -cene.

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 34 to 23 million years ago; marked by the rapid evolution in a warm climate.


Pliocene

From Ancient Greek πλείων (pleíōn, “more”) + καινός (kainós, “new”). Coined by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell in 1831 for Charles Lyell, who introduced it in 1833 in his book Principles of Geology.

coin

[I]n a final sentence he expressed his conviction that his opponents "did not in truth represent the thought of the twentieth century, but might rather be regarded as mental fossils dug from some early Pliocene horizon ".

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Neogene period from about 5.3 to 1.7 million years ago; marked by the appearance of humanity's first ancestors.


Paleocene

From French Paléocène. Coined by French botanist Wilhelm Philippe Schimper in 1874.

(geology) Of or pertaining to the Paleocene epoch.


Paleocene

(geology) A geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 65 to 56 million years ago; marked by the rise of the first large mammals in a tropical climate.


Paleogene

From paleo- + -gene. From Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós, “old”) + γενεά (geneá, “generation”).

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Cenozoic era; comprises the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene epochs from about 65 to 23 million years ago.

paleogeenikautinen

of period from 65 to 23 million years ago


Phanerozoic

From Ancient Greek φανερός (phanerós, “visible”) + ζωή (zōḗ, “life”) + -ic.

der

(geology) Of or relating to the Phanerozoic eon


Phanerozoic

(geology) A geologic eon from about 570 million years ago to the present


Paleoarchean

(geology) Of a geologic era within the Archaean eon from about 3600 to 3200 million years ago; the first aerobic bacteria appeared at this time.

varhaisarkeeinen

of a geologic era from 3,600 to 3,200 million years ago


Paleoarchean

(geology) The era from 3,600 Ma to 3,200 Ma.


Paleozoic

en-adj

Paleozoic (comparative more Paleozoic, superlative most Paleozoic)

more Paleozoic (comparative)
most Paleozoic (superlative)

‘Itʼs all Paleozoic rock under our feet, this part of the world: to think of it, laid down five hundred million years before, shrugging its shoulders and bringing down the steeples on the churches!’

2016, Sarah Perry, The Essex Serpent, Serpentʼs Tail (2017), page 41:

(geology) Of a geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon that comprises the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian periods from about 542 to 250 million years ago, from the age of trilobites to that of reptiles.


Eocene

Eocene (comparative more Eocene, superlative most Eocene)

more Eocene (comparative)
most Eocene (superlative)

From eo- + -cene. From Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs, “dawn”) + καινός (kainós, “new”) and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1831 for Charles Lyell, who introduced it in 1833 in his book Principles of Geology.

coin

(geology) of a geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 56 to 34 million years ago.


Ediacaran

From Ediacara + -an. After the Ediacara Hills in South Australia; from an Australian Aboriginal term (details disputed). See Ediacara Hills on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

The widespread discoveries of fossil remains of Ediacaran aspect have generated continued excitement in respect of their possible evolutionary significance, and in terms of recent surrealistic interpretations of their morphology and inferred interrelationships (Pflug, 1970a,b, 1972a,b; Fedonkin, 1985 a,b; Gould, 1984, 1985; Seilacher, 1984, 1985, 1989; McMenamin, 1986; and Bergstrom, 1989, 1990), a reexamination of the actual fossil material is timely.

1992, Richard J. F. Jenkinsm, “Chapter 5: Functional and Ecological Aspects of Ediacaran Assemblages”, in Jere H. Lipps, Philip W. Signor, editors, Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa, page 133:

Swartpuntia (frondlike metazoans) and Ernietta (ribbed saclike metazoans) are part of the Ediacaran fauna.

2007, Clarence A. Hall, Jr., Introduction to the Geology of Southern California and Its Native Plants, page 83:

Then in 1946, fossils of multicellular organisms were recovered from Vendian deposits around 570My old at the Ediacara copper mine in South Australia. Since then, geologists have found similar Ediacaran faunas in Precambrian rocks from other parts of the world as well.

2011, Matt Cartmill, Fred H. Smith, The Human Lineage, page 18:

The creature, Yilingia spiciformis — named after the Yiling district in which it was discovered — was a complicated one by the standards of the Ediacaran Period: mobile, segmented, trilobate (each body segment composed of three lobes) and bilaterally symmetrical.

2019 September 4, Helen Sullivan, “Behold Mortichnia, the Death Trail of an Ancient Worm”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-09-04, Science:

Scientists who have analysed ancient fossils of Ediacaran biota – life forms that existed between 538.8m and 635m years ago – say they represent the earliest evidence of food consumed by animals.

2022 November 22, Donna Lu, “The real paleo diet: researchers find traces of world’s oldest meal in 550m-year-old fossil”, in The Guardian:

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Neoproterozoic era from about 620 to 542 million years ago.

ediakara

of a geologic period from about 620 to 542 million years ago


Ediacaran

Recently, in 2004, a new geological period, the Ediacaran, was formally added to the time scale. It immediately precedes the Cambrian period, and therefore lies within the Proterozoic.

2008, Doug Macdougall, Nature’s Clocks: How Scientists Measure the Age of Almost Everything, page 145:

They became prevalent during the Ediacaran, 635 to 542 million years ago.

2011, Guido O. Perez, Methodological Naturalism and Planetary Humanism, page 18:

Metazoan life was in full swing by the early phases of the Ediacaran, approximately 650 million years ago, but these first steps were small aggregations of cells with little more than eyespots or early cups of pigment lined with photoreceptive cells.

2012, Ivan R. Schwab, Richard R. Dubielzig, Charles Schobert, Evolution's Witness: How Eyes Evolved, page 25:


Pleistocene

From Ancient Greek πλεῖστος (pleîstos, “most”) and καινός (kainós, “new”), meaning “newest”, coined by Charles Lyell in 1839.

der

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Quaternary period from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago (earlier definition 1.7 million to 11,000 years ago); marked by the evolution of man, and the extinction of the large mammals.


Pleistocene

A prehistoric site of late Pleistocene age, which was especially prepared for our visit, was seen at Ting-ts'un, above the Fen River (Shansi).

1977, F. Clark Howell, “Introduction”, in Paleoanthropology in the People's Republic of China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 3:

Throughout the Pleistocene, climatic changes exerted another type of selective pressure on human biological evolution, contributing to the rapid emergence of various Homo species over time.

2017, Anthony J. McMichael, Alistair Woodward, Cameron Muir, Climate Change and the Health of Nations, →ISBN, page 89:


Miocene

From Ancient Greek μείων (meíōn, “less”) + καινός (kainós, “new”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1831 for Charles Lyell, who introduced it in 1833 in his book Principles of Geology.

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Neogene period from about 23 to 5.3 million years ago; marked by the drift of continents to their present position.


Mississippian

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Carboniferous period from about 359 to 318 million years ago; marked by glaciation and the appearance of the first trees.


Archaean

From Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖα (arkhaîa, “ancient”), neuter plural of ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “ancient”).

The oldest vestiges of continental crust, which date from the Archaean aeon about 4 billion years ago, are in Acasta in north-west Canada.

(geology) Of, or relating to the geologic eon from about 3,800 to 2,500 million years ago; comprises the Eoarchean, Paleoarchean, Mesoarchean and Neoarchean eras; marked by an atmosphere with little oxygen, the formation of the first continents and oceans and the emergence of simple life.

arqueà

of eon from 3,800 to 2,500 million years ago


Archaean

(geology) The eon from 2,500 Ma to 4,000 Ma.


Ordovician

en-adj

Ordovician (comparative more Ordovician, superlative most Ordovician)

more Ordovician (comparative)
most Ordovician (superlative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃erg-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.?
Proto-Celtic *ordosder.
Proto-Indo-European *weyk-der.
Proto-Celtic *wiketider.
Latin Ordovīcēslbor.
English Ordovices
Latin -iānusbor.
English -ian
English Ordovician
Coined by English geologist Charles Lapworth in 1879 after the Celtic tribe of the Ordovices.

coin

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises lower, middle and upper epochs from about 488 to 443 million years ago.


Mesozoic

en-adj

Mesozoic (comparative more Mesozoic, superlative most Mesozoic)

more Mesozoic (comparative)
most Mesozoic (superlative)

(geology) Of a geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon that comprises the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods from about 230 to 65 million years ago, when life on earth was dominated by reptiles.


Mesozoic

The whole history of the earth is divided into five eras, with corresponding rock-systems. These are: 1. Archæan or Eozoic¹ era, embodied in the Laurentian system; 2. Palæozoic² era, embodied in the Palæozoic or Primary system; 3. Mesozoic³ era, recorded in the Secondary system; 4. Cenozoic,⁴ recorded in the Tertiary and Quaternary systems; and, 5. The Psychozoic era, or era of Mind, recorded in the recent system.

1883, Joseph Le Conte, Elements of Geology: A Text-book for Colleges and for the General Reader, New York: D. Appleton and Company:

The Mesozoic landscape of southeastern Utah can tell us much about the past, and it's one of the most intriguing and beautiful landscapes on Earth.

2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition:


jaspe

Borrowed from Latin iaspis, from Ancient Greek ἴασπις (íaspis).


Carboniferous

/ˌkɑːbəˈnɪfəɹəs/

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises the lower, middle and upper Mississippian and lower, middle and upper Pennsylvanian epochs from about 345 to 280 million years ago, when coal was laid down.


Carboniferous

/ˌkɑːbəˈnɪfəɹəs/


Cenozoic

/ˌkeɪnəʊˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsɛnɵˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsiːnɵˈzəʊɪk/

From ceno- + -zoic; from Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”) + ζωή (zōḗ, “life”).

(geology) Of or pertaining to the Cenozoic era.

cenozoic

of a geological era from 65 million years ago to present


Cenozoic

/ˌkeɪnəʊˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsɛnɵˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌsiːnɵˈzəʊɪk/

The researchers found that the first day of the Cenozoic was peppered with cataclysms. When the asteroid struck, it temporarily carved a hole 60 miles across and 20 miles deep.

2019 September 10, Katherine Kornei, “A New Timeline of the Day the Dinosaurs Began to Die Out”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(geology) A geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon comprising the Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary periods from about 65 million years ago to the present, when the continents moved to their current position and modern plants and animals evolved.


Triassic

From Trias (“three-layered geologic strata between the Permian and Jurassic”) < German Trias < Ancient Greek τριάς (triás, “triad”), + -ic. Coined in 1841 by geologist Friedrich August von Alberti (1795–1878).

(geology) A geologic period within the Mesozoic era, comprising lower, middle and upper epochs from about 250 to 200 million years ago.


Proterozoic

/ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəʊˈzəʊɪk/

(geology) Of or relating to the geologic eon from 2,500 Ma to 541.0±1.0 Ma.

proterotsooinen

of eon from 2,500 to 541 million years ago


Proterozoic

/ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəˈzəʊɪk/

/ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəʊˈzəʊɪk/

(geology) The eon from 2,500 Ma to 541.0±1.0 Ma, the beginning of the Phanerozoic, marked by the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere and the emergence of primitive multicellular life.

གདོད་མའི་སྲོག་ལྡན་ཆགས་རིམ (gdod ma'i srog ldan chags rim, literally “primordial life stratum”)


Holocene

From French Holocène, based on holo- (“whole”) + Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “fresh, new”). Coined to replace the earlier (1833) label Recent, formally submitted in 1867 and officially endorsed in 1969. The concept is that this epoch is entirely (wholly) new.

der

Meronym: Anthropocene

(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Quaternary period from about the year 10 000 BC to the present; the age of man.

holocè

relating to the epoch from about 11,000 years ago to the present


Silurian

en-adj

Silurian (comparative more Silurian, superlative most Silurian)

more Silurian (comparative)
most Silurian (superlative)

In some places, however, quartz reefs, payably auriferous while in Silurian rock, have been followed down to subjacent granite, and have there been found to thin out and become unprofitable […]

1887, R. A. Murray, Victoria. Geology and Physical Geography, page 126:

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises the Llandovery, Wenlock, Ludlow and Pridoli epochs from about 439 to 409 million years ago.

siluurikautinen

of period from 439 to 409 million years ago


Permian

Permian (comparative more Permian, superlative most Permian)

more Permian (comparative)
most Permian (superlative)

‘In many ways modern art was a culture of the beach. They say it's the light, the special quality of quartz in the Permian rock.’

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 103:

(geology) Pertaining to the last geologic period of the Paleozoic era; comprising the Cisuralian, Guadalupian and Lopingian epochs from about 280 to 248 million years ago.


Devonian

From Devon + -ian. Doublet of Dumnonian.

(geology) of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises lower, middle and upper epochs from about 415 to 360 million years ago

devonikautinen

of period from 415 to 360 million years ago


Cambrian

Cambrian (comparative more Cambrian, superlative most Cambrian)

more Cambrian (comparative)
most Cambrian (superlative)

(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises lower, middle and Furongian epochs from about 542 to 490 million years ago.

cambrià

of or pertaining to the Cambrian geologic period


Tethys

Much of the Tethys was shallow and warm during the Mesozoic, and full of life, a marine paradise of sorts: ammonites and sharks thrived, and are now preserved as fossils that date the rocks.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 106:

(geology) A large ocean which formerly lay between Eurasia and Africa.

The iteration of this oceanic basin during the Mesozoic, the most recent iteration.


anhedral

anhedral (comparative more anhedral, superlative most anhedral)

more anhedral (comparative)
most anhedral (superlative)

(mineralogy) Lacking sharp, recognisable crystal faces.

anedral

lacking sharp, recognisable crystal faces


manteau

→ English: manteau, mantua

→ Japanese: マント (manto)

→ Korean: 망토 (mangto)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مانتو (manto)

> Turkish: manto (inherited)

→ Persian: مانتو (mânto)

→ Romanian: manta, mantou

→ Russian: манто (manto)

Inherited from Latin mantellum, diminutive of mantum. Compare Italian mantello.


asterism

From Ancient Greek ἀστερισμός (asterismós, “group of stars”), from ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”). Analyzable as aster- + -ism.

derived

(mineralogy) A star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals by reflected light (as in a star sapphire) or by transmitted light (as in some mica).

نَجْمِيَّة

a star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals


chasm

General American, uncommon, spelling pronunciation

From Latin chasma, from Ancient Greek χάσμα (khásma, “abyss, cleft”).

chasma

long, narrow, steep-sided depression on a body in the solar system

But always and ever there is a yawning chasm below[.]

2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 1:

(geology, planetology) A deep, steep-sided rift, gap or fissure; a gorge or abyss.


supercell

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(mineralogy) A repeating unit cell of a crystal that contains several primitive cells.


degrade

en-verb

degrade (third-person singular simple present degrades, present participle degrading, simple past and past participle degraded)

degrades (present singular third-person)
degrading (participle present)
degraded (participle past)
degraded (past)

(transitive, geology) To reduce in altitude or magnitude, as hills and mountains; to wear down.

erodieren

to reduce in altitude or magnitude, as hills and mountains; to wear down


dolina

From a Slavic language, perhaps via German Doline, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *dolina.

(geology) doline (a sinkhole in karstic terrain)


dolina

(geology) sinkhole (hole formed in soluble rock)


selenite

en-noun

selenite (countable and uncountable, plural selenites)

From Ancient Greek σελήνη (selḗnē, “moon”) + -ite; the chemistry sense comes via the name of the element selenium.

I followed them to my study, and found lying on my writing-table still, with the selenite paper-weight upon it, the sheet of work I had left on the afternoon of the opening of the cylinder.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 295:

Glass windows replaced the old tiny windows of selenite (crystallized gypsum), and stovepipe replaced adobe chimneys.

1994, Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built, New York: Viking, →ISBN, page 146:

(mineralogy) A soft, glassy form of gypsum (chemical formula CaSO₄·2H₂O).


selenite

From Latin selēnītēs, from Ancient Greek σεληνῑ́της (selēnī́tēs, “moonstone”), derived from σελήνη (selḗnē, “moon”).


morena

morena (nominative singular)
moreny (nominative plural)
moreny (genitive singular)
moren (genitive plural)
morenie (dative singular)
morenom (dative plural)
morenę (accusative singular)
moreny (accusative plural)
moreną (instrumental singular)
morenami (instrumental plural)
morenie (locative singular)
morenach (locative plural)
moreno (singular vocative)
moreny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French moraine, from Italian morena, from Franco-Provençal mor, morre, from Vulgar Latin *murrum.

(geology) moraine (accumulation of rocks and debris carried and deposited by a glacier)


morena

(geology) moraine, debris (large rock fragments left by a melting glacier)


malachite

en-noun

malachite (countable and uncountable, plural malachites)

From Middle French malachite, from Latin molochītis, from Ancient Greek μολόχη (molókhē, “[leaf of the ... ] mallow plant”).

der

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 14, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) A bright green mineral, a basic copper carbonate, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂; one of the principal ores of copper.


malachite

From Middle French malachite, from Latin molochitis, from Ancient Greek μαλαχή (malakhḗ, “[leaf of the ... ] mallow plant”).


diamant

From Middle Dutch diamant, from Old French diamant, from Medieval Latin and Late Latin diamas, variant of Latin adamas.
The typographic use derives from Dirck Voskens, who first cut it around 1700 and presumably named it by analogy with the larger parel.


diamant

(mineralogy, gemstone, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) diamond


meteoritics

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From the beginning of the nineteenth century forward, meteoritics progressed steadily to an exacting and highly interdisciplinary field.

1999, Harry Y. McSween, Jr., Meteorites and Their Parent Planets, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 7:

Following the precedents set in previous editions of the Catalogue of Meteorites, it is not the intention of this Introduction to discuss the science of meteoritics, but simply to provide a summary of the nomenclature and classification of meteorites and the system of entries adopted.

2000, Monica M. Grady, Catalogue of Meteorites, 5th edition, Cambridge University Press, page 1:

Meteoritics, the laboratory study of meteorites, was regarded as our best window on events at the time of the origin of the planets even before their age could be measured.[…]Recently, discoveries in both meteoritics and asteroid research have brought forward several interesting connections with comets, and even the Voyager revelation of the nature of ice-rich satellites has influenced our understanding of meteorite origins.

2004, John S. Lewis, Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System, 2nd edition, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 350:

(astronomy, mineralogy, geochemistry, cosmochemistry) The science that deals with meteors, meteorites, and meteoroids.

meteorytyka

science of meteors, meteorites and meteoroids


saltation

en-noun

saltation (countable and uncountable, plural saltations)

Of extreme importance in the saltation phenomenon is the vertical distribution of particles, as well as total flux, as functions of the wind speed. The formations of all scales of bed formations, from centimeter-size ripples to kilometer-size dunes, are all due to the saltation process.

1987, Ronald Greeley, James D. Iversen, Wind as a Geological Process: On Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan, page 98:

2004, Basil Gomez, Mobile Bed, entry in Andrew Goudie (editor), Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, Volume 2, page 685,
Saltation rapidly becomes the dominant type of motion as the flow intensity increases further, and at still higher flow intensities suspension begins to dominate. […] There is also an important difference between the movement of particles by saltation, in air and in water.

Rolling is thought to account for about 10% of the mass when creep and saltation occur together.[…]The transition from saltation to suspension occurs when the wind speed exceeds about 15 m/s.

2006, David McClung, Peter Schaerer, The Avalanche Handbook, page 33:

(geology, fluid mechanics) The transport of loose particles by a fluid (such as wind or flowing water).


Abrasion

de-noun

Abrasion f (genitive Abrasion, plural Abrasionen)

Abrasion (genitive)
Abrasionen (plural)
Abrasion (nominative singular)
Abrasionen (definite nominative plural)
Abrasion (genitive singular)
Abrasionen (definite genitive plural)
Abrasion (dative singular)
Abrasionen (dative definite plural)
Abrasion (accusative singular)
Abrasionen (accusative definite plural)


castor

Named from Greek mythology; see Castor and Pollux. The name pollux was given to another mineral with which it was always found.

(mineralogy) A variety of petalite found in Elba.


serpentine

From Middle English serpentine, from Old French serpentin, from Latin serpentīnus, from serpēns (“serpent”), equivalent to serpent + -ine.

It is reached by five-and-twenty steps of porphyry and serpentine.

2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 394:

(mineralogy) Any of several green/brown minerals consisting of magnesium and iron silicates that have similar layered crystal structure, whose appearance somewhat resembles a snake's skin.

(geology) An outcrop or region with soil and rock dominated by these minerals.


Feldspat

Feldspat m (strong, genitive Feldspats, plural Feldspate)

Feldspats (genitive)
Feldspate (plural)
Feldspat (nominative singular)
Feldspate (definite nominative plural)
Feldspats (genitive singular)
Feldspate (definite genitive plural)
Feldspat (dative singular)
Feldspaten (dative definite plural)
Feldspat (accusative singular)
Feldspate (accusative definite plural)


Ky

(A) Plane-polarized light and (B) back-scattered electron (BSE) images. The pseudomorph (Crd) is made up of Grt + Qtz + Ky rodlets + micas flakes (mainly biotite, Bt).

2017, J. Theo Kloprogge, Robert Lavinsky, “Introduction: Geological Examples”, in Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism, Amsterdam: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 88:


Lager

Lager n (strong, genitive Lagers, plural Lager or Läger)

Lagers (genitive)
Lager (plural)
Läger (plural)
Lager (nominative singular)
Lager (definite nominative plural)
Läger (definite nominative plural)
Lagers (genitive singular)
Lager (definite genitive plural)
Läger (definite genitive plural)
Lager (dative singular)
Lagern (dative definite plural)
Lägern (dative definite plural)
Lager (accusative singular)
Lager (accusative definite plural)
Läger (accusative definite plural)

→ Czech: lágr

→ Danish: lager

→ Dutch: lager

→ English: laager

→ English: lager

→ Estonian: laager

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: lager

Norwegian Nynorsk: lager

→ Romanian: lagăr

→ Russian: лагерь (lagerʹ)

→ Serbo-Croatian: lȏgor

→ Swedish: lager

From Middle High German leger, from Old High German legar, from Proto-West Germanic *legr.
Cognate with Dutch leger, Middle Low German lēger, English lair, Danish lejr, Norwegian Bokmål leir, Swedish läger (“place to sleep”) and lager (“storage, stock”), Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐍂𐍃 (ligrs).
The modern form with -a- is of East Central German origin, apparently due to influence by the related word Lage. The original form with a front vowel has been preserved as an alternative—albeit fairly rare—plural.

(geology, mining) measure (of some resource)


Lava

Lava f (genitive Lava, plural (rare) Laven)

Lava (genitive)
Laven (plural rare)
Lava (nominative singular)
Laven (definite nominative plural rare)
Lava (genitive singular)
Laven (definite genitive plural rare)
Lava (dative singular)
Laven (dative definite plural rare)
Lava (accusative singular)
Laven (accusative definite plural rare)

18th century, borrowed from Italian lava. See English lava for more.


Magma

Magma n (strong, genitive Magmas, plural (rare) Magmen)

Magmas (genitive)
Magmen (plural rare)
Magma (nominative singular)
Magmen (definite nominative plural rare)
Magmas (genitive singular)
Magmen (definite genitive plural rare)
Magma (dative singular)
Magmen (dative definite plural rare)
Magma (accusative singular)
Magmen (accusative definite plural rare)


Relief

Relief n (strong, genitive Reliefs, plural Reliefs or Reliefe)

Reliefs (genitive)
Reliefs (plural)
Reliefe (plural)
Relief (nominative singular)
Reliefs (definite nominative plural)
Reliefe (definite nominative plural)
Reliefs (genitive singular)
Reliefs (definite genitive plural)
Reliefe (definite genitive plural)
Relief (dative singular)
Reliefs (dative definite plural)
Reliefen (dative definite plural)
Relief (accusative singular)
Reliefs (accusative definite plural)
Reliefe (accusative definite plural)


Quaternary

From Latin quaternārius (“consisting of four”), from quaternī (“by fours”); in numerical sense via Middle English quaternary. Compare French quaternaire.

der

(geology) The geological period of the Cenozoic Era immediately following the Tertiary. It is subdivided into the Pleistocene and the Holocene Epochs.


Sal

de-noun

Sal n (strong, genitive Sals, no plural)

Coined by Eduard Suess in 1909, in Das Antlitz der Erde, as a blend of translingual Si (silicon) + Al (aluminum).

ref

Eduard Suess (1909) “Vierter Theil, Vierundzwanzigster Abschnitt: Die Tiefen”, in Das Antlitz der Erde (in German), volume 3.2, Wien: F. Tempsky, →OCLC, page 626:
Wir nehmen ferner drei Zonen oder Hüllen als maassgebend für die Beschaffenheit der Erde an, u. zw. die Barysphäre oder das Nife (Ni-Fe), ferner Sima (Si-Mg) und Sal (Si-Al). Diese Theilung unterscheidet sich von der Classification, die von hervorragenden americanischen Petrographen vorgeschlagen wurde, durch die Abtrennung der metallischen Barysphäre (Nife).
We further assume the existence of three zones or envelopes as determining the structure of the earth, namely, the barysphere or the Nife (Ni-Fe), Sima (Si-Mg), and Sal (Si-Al). This division differs from the classification which has been proposed by distinguished American petrographers, in the separation of the metallic barysphere (Nife).

1909, Eduard Suess, “Vierter Theil, Vierundzwanzigster Abschnitt: Die Tiefen”, in Das Antlitz der Erde, volume 3.2, Wien: F. Tempsky, →OCLC, page 626:

(geology) The uppermost layer of the Earth, rich in silica- and alumina-bearing minerals.


Stollen

de-noun

Stollen m (strong, genitive Stollens, plural Stollen)

Stollens (genitive)
Stollen (plural)
Stollen (nominative singular)
Stollen (definite nominative plural)
Stollens (genitive singular)
Stollen (definite genitive plural)
Stollen (dative singular)
Stollen (dative definite plural)
Stollen (accusative singular)
Stollen (accusative definite plural)

→ Czech: štóla

→ English: stollen

→ Norwegian Bokmål: stoll

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stoll

From Middle High German stolle, from Old High German stollo (“prop, post”), from Proto-Germanic *stullô (“support, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place, locate”).

der

(mining, geology) gallery; tunnel (long cavity in rock, usually man-made, but sometimes natural)


System

de-noun

System n (strong, genitive Systemes or Systems, plural Systeme)

Systemes (genitive)
Systems (genitive)
Systeme (plural)
System (nominative singular)
Systeme (definite nominative plural)
Systemes (genitive singular)
Systems (genitive singular)
Systeme (definite genitive plural)
System (dative singular)
Systeme (dative singular)
Systemen (dative definite plural)
System (accusative singular)
Systeme (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Latin systēma, from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma).


Ra

(geology) Any of a series of moraines, in parts of Norway, that are long ridges covered with stones.


Talk

Talk m (strong, genitive Talkes or Talks, no plural)

Talkes (genitive)
Talks (genitive)
Talk (nominative singular)
Talkes (genitive singular)
Talks (genitive singular)
Talk (dative singular)
Talke (dative singular)
Talk (accusative singular)


Trias

Trias (genitive)
Trias (nominative singular)
Trias (genitive singular)
Trias (dative singular)
Trias (accusative singular)

Holonym: Mesozoikum


Steen

lb-noun

Steen m (plural Steng, diminutive Stengchen)

From Middle High German and Old High German stein, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz. Cognates include German Stein, Dutch steen, English stone, Swedish sten.
The alternation between the stems Steen and Steng is due to the Luxembourgish velarisation of -n- that took place only in open syllables. (The plural used to have the ending -e, as it still does in German.) Similar alternations are found in some other nouns (e.g. Schwäin), but Steen is the only one that retains distinct stems for singular and plural.

(uncountable, geology) stone (substance)


Tertiary

(geology) Of or pertaining to the first part of the Cenozoic era when modern flora and mammals appeared.


Tertiary

(geology) The first part of the Cenozoic era when modern flora and mammals appeared.


Ur

From German Urkontinent (“original continent”), taking the morpheme ur- (“original”).

der

(geology) A hypothetical early supercontinent which may have existed on Earth during the Archaean eon (3.1 billion years ago).


potenza

From Latin potentia. By surface analysis, potere + -enza.


Iapetus

From Ancient Greek Ἰαπετός (Iapetós).
* (moon): Named after the titan.
* (ocean): The Iapetus Ocean was the predecessor to the Atlantic Ocean, so this name was chosen because Iapetus is the father of Atlas (see Atlantic).

Alternative form: Iapetus Ocean

So, in the early Ordovician, Iapetus was wide enough to have one side in high latitudes and the other in the tropics: a massive ocean, indeed.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 184:

(geology) A former ocean between former continent of Laurentia (North America) and former continent of Baltica (Europe): An ancient ocean which existed between 600 and 400 million years ago.


urania

(mineralogy) Any of several impure mixtures of uranium oxides.


tripoli

en-noun

tripoli (countable and uncountable, plural tripolis)

Originally brought from Tripoli in Libya.

(geology) A sedimentary rock composed of the shells of diatoms etc., used for polishing.


tripoli

tripoli (accusative indefinite nominative)
tripoliul (accusative definite nominative)
tripoli (indefinite)
tripoliului (definite)
tripoliule (vocative)


supervolcano

supervolcano (plural supervolcanoes or supervolcanos)

supervolcanoes (plural)
supervolcanos (plural)

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Mosaic of Olympus Mons on Mars. The supervolcano is nearly 600 kilometers wide at the base and 25 kilometers high and is capped by a crater 65 kilometers in diameter. It is about five times larger than the most massive volcanic cone on earth, Mauna Loa in Hawaii.

1983, Louis Berman, John C. Evans, Exploring the Cosmos, →ISBN, page 178:

The stone went dark, and instantly the supervolcano burst with an unthinkable blast. A miles-deep plug of dark and hot earth flew upward, followed by a tremendous expanding cloud. Swirling, dense substance spread and thickened [...]

1984, Richard Monaco, Runes, →ISBN, page 64:

Sytau is rabidly volcanic; a dozen "supervolcanoes" 50-120 kilometers wide are erupting across the planet. Sytau's carbon content and constant volcanism make natural diamonds plentiful, if extremely costly and dangerous to recover.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Sytau:

(volcanology) A powerful volcano, often having an explosive or cataclysmic eruption.


blivet

Unknown; seems to have been coined by American soldiers in World War Two.

(geology) A hammer used by geologists to chop rock samples from boulders for examination.


Австралия

Avstraliya (romanization)
Австралия (absolute singular-only)
Австралияның (definite genitive singular-only)
Австралия (dative singular-only)
Австралияны (accusative definite singular-only)
Австралияла (locative singular-only)
Австралиянан (ablative singular-only)

Ав‧стра‧ли‧я

Borrowed from Russian Австра́лия (Avstrálija, “Australia”), from English Australia.

bor

ba:Австралия

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Австралия

bg-proper noun

австрали́йски

Австра́лия • (Avstrálija) f (relational adjective австрали́йски)

Австра́лия (canonical)
Avstrálija (romanization)
австрали́йски (adjective relational)
Австра́лия (indefinite singular)

bg-ndecl

Австра́лия</n:sg>

bg:Австралия


Австралия

head

Австралия • (Avstraliya) (Arabic spelling اۋسترالئيا)

Avstraliya (romanization)
اۋسترالئيا (Arabic)
Австралия (nominative singular)
Австралиянын (genitive singular)
Австралияга (dative singular)
Австралияны (accusative singular)
Австралияда (locative singular)
Австралиядан (ablative singular)
Австралиям (first-person nominative singular)
Австралиямдын (first-person genitive singular)
Австралияма (dative first-person singular)
Австралиямды (accusative first-person singular)
Австралиямда (first-person locative singular)
Австралиямдан (ablative first-person singular)
Австралияң (informal nominative second-person singular)
Австралияңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
Австралияңа (dative informal second-person singular)
Австралияңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
Австралияңда (informal locative second-person singular)
Австралияңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
Австралияңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
Австралияңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
Австралияңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
Австралияңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
Австралияңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
Австралияңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)


Австралия

ru-proper noun+

австрали́йский

Австра́лия • (Avstrálija) f inan (genitive Австра́лии, relational adjective австрали́йский)

Австра́лия (canonical)
Avstrálija (romanization)
Австра́лии (genitive)
австрали́йский (adjective relational)
Австра́лия (nominative singular)
Австра́лии (genitive singular)
Австра́лии (dative singular)
Австра́лию (accusative singular)
Австра́лией (instrumental singular)
Австра́лиею (instrumental singular)
Австра́лии (prepositional singular)

→ Armenian: Ավստրալիա (Avstralia)

→ Azerbaijani: Avstraliya

→ Bashkir: Австралия (Avstraliya)

→ Ingrian: Australia

→ Karaim: Австралия (Avstraliya)

→ Kyrgyz: Австралия (Avstraliya)

⇒ Mongolian: Австрали (Avstrali)

→ Uzbek: Avstraliya

Ru-Австралия.ogg

Австра́лія — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Америка

Северная Америка (Severnaja Amerika); Южная Америка (Južnaja Amerika)


Австралия

Borrowed from Russian Австра́лия (Avstrálija).

bor+

tg:Австралия


Австралия

head

Австралия • (Awstraliyä) (Latin spelling Avstraliä)

Awstraliyä (romanization)
Avstraliä (romanization)

tt:Австралия


KT

KT extinction event

The evidence we have for the KT impactor is more suggestive of asteroids than comets, but it’s not conclusive.

2021 February 15, Becky Ferreira, quoting William F. Bottke, “Where Did the Dinosaur-Killing Impactor Come From?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(geology) Initialism of Cretaceous–Tertiary.


muscovite

en-noun

muscovite (countable and uncountable, plural muscovites)

In 1850 from Muscovy glass + -ite, from the province Muscovy in Russia. Named by James Dwight Dana.

Do you enjoy the amber glow seen through the isinglass window of a wood stove? […] Muscovite (colorless, white, or pale red or green) mica is also common[…]; it was named for Moskva (Moscow), where much of Europe's mica was mined. Isinglass, mentioned above, consists of thin, transparent sheets of muscovite.

2009, James S. Monroe, Reed Wicander, The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution, 5th edition, Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, →ISBN, page 76:

(mineralogy) A pale brown mineral of the mica group, being a basic potassium aluminosilicate with the chemical formula KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH,F)₂; used as an electrical insulator etc.


muscovite

→ Romanian: muscovit


jura

jura (nominative singular)
jury (nominative plural)
jury (genitive singular)
jur (genitive plural)
juře (dative singular)
jurám (dative plural)
juru (accusative singular)
jury (accusative plural)
juro (singular vocative)
jury (plural vocative)
juře (locative singular)
jurách (locative plural)
jurou (instrumental singular)
jurami (instrumental plural)


jura

jura (nominative singular)
jury (genitive singular)
jurze (dative singular)
jurę (accusative singular)
jurą (instrumental singular)
jurze (locative singular)
juro (singular vocative)

(geology, paleontology) Jurassic (period)


K

From the Etruscan letter 𐌊 (k, “ka”), from the Ancient Greek letter Κ (K, “kappa”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤊 (k, “kap”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂧.

hydraulic conductivity
hydraulic conductivity

(geology) Symbol for hydraulic conductivity.