overprint

en-verb

overprint (third-person singular simple present overprints, present participle overprinting, simple past and past participle overprinted)

overprints (present singular third-person)
overprinting (participle present)
overprinted (participle past)
overprinted (past)

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌpɹɪnt/

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈpɹɪnt/

Furthermore, these rocks are overprinted by seafloor weathering, which provides a challenge to reconstructing serpentinization processes.

2024 August, C. Johan Lissenberg, Andrew M. McCaig, Susan Q. Lang, Peter Blum, Natsue Abe, William J. Brazelton, Rémi Coltat, Jeremy R. Deans, Kristin L. Dickerson, Marguerite Godard, Barbara E. John, Frieder Klein, Rebecca Kuehn, Kuan-Yu Lin, Haiyang Liu, Ethan L. Lopes, Toshio Nozaka, Andrew J. Parsons, Vamdev Pathak, Mark K. Reagan, Jordyn A. Robare, Ivan P. Savov, Esther M. Schwarzenbach, Olivier J. Sissmann, Gordon Southam, Fengping Wang, C. Geoffrey Wheat, Lesley Anderson, Sarah Treadwell, “A long section of serpentinized depleted mantle peridotite”, in Science, volume 385, number 6709, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), →DOI, pages 623–629:

Dominantly dextral shearing in the Chester zone occurred during post-Acadian plate adjustments around ca. 380 Ma (Ghanem et al. 2016), coeval with initial activity along the Norumbega fault system to the southeast and the shear fabrics overprint rocks on both upper and lower plates of the original thrust.

2017 March, Allan Ludman, John T. Hopeck, Henry N. Berry IV, “Provenance and paleogeography of post-Middle Ordovician, pre-Devonian sedimentary basins on the Gander composite terrane, eastern and east-central Maine: implications for Silurian tectonics in the northern Appalachians”, in Atlantic Geology, volume 53, University of New Brunswick Libraries - UNB, →DOI, archived from the original on 2024-02-25, pages 063–085:

Although deformation overprints volcanic construction, several structural patterns are considered to be inherited from the pre-existing volcanic architecture.

2012 September, W.U. Mueller, R. Friedman, R. Daigneault, L. Moore, J. Mortensen, “Timing and characteristics of the Archean subaqueous Blake River Megacaldera Complex, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada”, in Precambrian Research, volumes 214–215, Elsevier BV, →DOI, archived from the original on 2024-04-26, pages 1–27:

(geology) To superimpose a new set of petrological, structural, and/or mineralogical characteristics onto rock by the action of geological processes over deep time, by analogy with the original sense of the word.


jänne

jänne (nominative singular)
jänteet (nominative plural)
jänne (accusative nominative singular)
jänteet (accusative nominative plural)
jänteen (accusative genitive singular)
jänteet (accusative genitive plural)
jänteen (genitive singular)
jänteiden (genitive plural)
jänteitten (genitive plural)
jännettä (partitive singular)
jänteitä (partitive plural)
jänteessä (inessive singular)
jänteissä (inessive plural)
jänteestä (elative singular)
jänteistä (elative plural)
jänteeseen (illative singular)
jänteisiin (illative plural)
jänteihin (illative plural)
jänteellä (adessive singular)
jänteillä (adessive plural)
jänteeltä (ablative singular)
jänteiltä (ablative plural)
jänteelle (allative singular)
jänteille (allative plural)
jänteenä (essive singular)
jänteinä (essive plural)
jänteeksi (singular translative)
jänteiksi (plural translative)
jänteettä (abessive singular)
jänteittä (abessive plural)
jäntein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
jänteeni (nominative singular)
jänteeni (nominative plural)
jänteeni (accusative nominative singular)
jänteeni (accusative nominative plural)
jänteeni (accusative genitive singular)
jänteeni (accusative genitive plural)
jänteeni (genitive singular)
jänteideni (genitive plural)
jänteitteni (genitive plural)
jännettäni (partitive singular)
jänteitäni (partitive plural)
jänteessäni (inessive singular)
jänteissäni (inessive plural)
jänteestäni (elative singular)
jänteistäni (elative plural)
jänteeseeni (illative singular)
jänteisiini (illative plural)
jänteihini (illative plural)
jänteelläni (adessive singular)
jänteilläni (adessive plural)
jänteeltäni (ablative singular)
jänteiltäni (ablative plural)
jänteelleni (allative singular)
jänteilleni (allative plural)
jänteenäni (essive singular)
jänteinäni (essive plural)
jänteekseni (singular translative)
jänteikseni (plural translative)
jänteettäni (abessive singular)
jänteittäni (abessive plural)
jänteineni (comitative plural)
jänteesi (nominative singular)
jänteesi (nominative plural)
jänteesi (accusative nominative singular)
jänteesi (accusative nominative plural)
jänteesi (accusative genitive singular)
jänteesi (accusative genitive plural)
jänteesi (genitive singular)
jänteidesi (genitive plural)
jänteittesi (genitive plural)
jännettäsi (partitive singular)
jänteitäsi (partitive plural)
jänteessäsi (inessive singular)
jänteissäsi (inessive plural)
jänteestäsi (elative singular)
jänteistäsi (elative plural)
jänteeseesi (illative singular)
jänteisiisi (illative plural)
jänteihisi (illative plural)
jänteelläsi (adessive singular)
jänteilläsi (adessive plural)
jänteeltäsi (ablative singular)
jänteiltäsi (ablative plural)
jänteellesi (allative singular)
jänteillesi (allative plural)
jänteenäsi (essive singular)
jänteinäsi (essive plural)
jänteeksesi (singular translative)
jänteiksesi (plural translative)
jänteettäsi (abessive singular)
jänteittäsi (abessive plural)
jänteinesi (comitative plural)
jänteemme (nominative singular)
jänteemme (nominative plural)
jänteemme (accusative nominative singular)
jänteemme (accusative nominative plural)
jänteemme (accusative genitive singular)
jänteemme (accusative genitive plural)
jänteemme (genitive singular)
jänteidemme (genitive plural)
jänteittemme (genitive plural)
jännettämme (partitive singular)
jänteitämme (partitive plural)
jänteessämme (inessive singular)
jänteissämme (inessive plural)
jänteestämme (elative singular)
jänteistämme (elative plural)
jänteeseemme (illative singular)
jänteisiimme (illative plural)
jänteihimme (illative plural)
jänteellämme (adessive singular)
jänteillämme (adessive plural)
jänteeltämme (ablative singular)
jänteiltämme (ablative plural)
jänteellemme (allative singular)
jänteillemme (allative plural)
jänteenämme (essive singular)
jänteinämme (essive plural)
jänteeksemme (singular translative)
jänteiksemme (plural translative)
jänteettämme (abessive singular)
jänteittämme (abessive plural)
jänteinemme (comitative plural)
jänteenne (nominative singular)
jänteenne (nominative plural)
jänteenne (accusative nominative singular)
jänteenne (accusative nominative plural)
jänteenne (accusative genitive singular)
jänteenne (accusative genitive plural)
jänteenne (genitive singular)
jänteidenne (genitive plural)
jänteittenne (genitive plural)
jännettänne (partitive singular)
jänteitänne (partitive plural)
jänteessänne (inessive singular)
jänteissänne (inessive plural)
jänteestänne (elative singular)
jänteistänne (elative plural)
jänteeseenne (illative singular)
jänteisiinne (illative plural)
jänteihinne (illative plural)
jänteellänne (adessive singular)
jänteillänne (adessive plural)
jänteeltänne (ablative singular)
jänteiltänne (ablative plural)
jänteellenne (allative singular)
jänteillenne (allative plural)
jänteenänne (essive singular)
jänteinänne (essive plural)
jänteeksenne (singular translative)
jänteiksenne (plural translative)
jänteettänne (abessive singular)
jänteittänne (abessive plural)
jänteinenne (comitative plural)
jänteensä (nominative singular)
jänteensä (nominative plural)
jänteensä (accusative nominative singular)
jänteensä (accusative nominative plural)
jänteensä (accusative genitive singular)
jänteensä (accusative genitive plural)
jänteensä (genitive singular)
jänteidensä (genitive plural)
jänteittensä (genitive plural)
jännettään (partitive singular)
jännettänsä (partitive singular)
jänteitään (partitive plural)
jänteitänsä (partitive plural)
jänteessään (inessive singular)
jänteessänsä (inessive singular)
jänteissään (inessive plural)
jänteissänsä (inessive plural)
jänteestään (elative singular)
jänteestänsä (elative singular)
jänteistään (elative plural)
jänteistänsä (elative plural)
jänteeseensä (illative singular)
jänteisiinsä (illative plural)
jänteihinsä (illative plural)
jänteellään (adessive singular)
jänteellänsä (adessive singular)
jänteillään (adessive plural)
jänteillänsä (adessive plural)
jänteeltään (ablative singular)
jänteeltänsä (ablative singular)
jänteiltään (ablative plural)
jänteiltänsä (ablative plural)
jänteelleen (allative singular)
jänteellensä (allative singular)
jänteilleen (allative plural)
jänteillensä (allative plural)
jänteenään (essive singular)
jänteenänsä (essive singular)
jänteinään (essive plural)
jänteinänsä (essive plural)
jänteekseen (singular translative)
jänteeksensä (singular translative)
jänteikseen (plural translative)
jänteiksensä (plural translative)
jänteettään (abessive singular)
jänteettänsä (abessive singular)
jänteittään (abessive plural)
jänteittänsä (abessive plural)
jänteineen (comitative plural)
jänteinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *jändek, from Proto-Uralic *jänte.

(geomorphology) a dry area of a bog between quagmires or ponds


petalite

(mineralogy) A rare pegmatitic mineral, a lithium aluminosilicate, with the chemical formula LiAlSi₄O₁₀; used in the manufacture of crystallized glass ceramics.


phenocryst

Some of the feldspar phenocrysts are more than 1 cm long, but most are less than 5 mm.

1965, Gordon A Macdonald and Takashi Katsura, Eruption of Lassen Peak, Cascade Range, California, in 1915: Example of Mixed Magmas, Geological Society of America Bulletin 76 (5), pages 475

(mineralogy) Any relatively large crystal embedded in a more fine-grained or glassy igneous rock


sodium alum

(mineralogy) A water-soluble mineral NaAl(SO₄)₂·12(H₂O); a form of alum in which potassium is replaced by sodium.


petrography

en-noun

petrography (countable and uncountable, plural petrographies)

(petrology) The branch of petrology that deals with the scientific description and classification of rocks.


phonolite

From phono- + -lite, from the metallic sound when it is hit.

(mineralogy) a light-coloured rock of volcanic origin composed mostly of alkali feldspars


phlogopite

phlogopite (countable and uncountable, plural phlogopites)

From German Phlogopit, from Ancient Greek φλογωπός (phlogōpós, “fiery-looking”) + -ite.

uder

(mineralogy) A mica mineral with the chemical formula KMg₃AlSi₃O₁₀(F,OH)₂, a basic potassium magnesium aluminosilicate, used as an insulator

flogopiitti

a mica, the magnesium endmember of biotite


phyllite

en-noun

phyllite (countable and uncountable, plural phyllites)

From Ancient Greek φῠ́λλον (phúllon, “leaf”) + -ite.

(geology) A type of metamorphic rock formed from clay-rich sediments called pelites.


bentonite

bentonite (countable and uncountable, plural bentonites)

From Benton + -ite, after the place where it was first mined: Fort Benton, Montana.

(mineralogy) Any of several impure clay minerals consisting mostly of montmorillonite.


pigeonite

pigeonite (countable and uncountable, plural pigeonites)

From pigeon + -ite, named from its type locality on Lake Superior's shores at Pigeon Point, Minnesota, United States.

(mineralogy) Any monoclinic pyroxene that is a mixed calcium, magnesium and ferrous silicate.


pitchstone

pitchstone (usually uncountable, plural pitchstones)

(geology) a natural glass, rich in microscopic crystallites, formed by the rapid cooling of lava or magma


carbonado

carbonado (plural carbonados or carbonadoes)

carbonados (plural)
carbonadoes (plural)

Borrowed from Portuguese carbonado (“carbonized”), probably from carbono (“carbon”) (currently only attested later than carbonado) + -ado (suffix forming adjectives from nouns meaning ‘something or someone who has suffered the action’). Carbono is borrowed from French carbone (“carbon”), from Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”); for further derivation, see etymology 1.

/ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/

At present, equal attention is paid to irregular fragments of a blackish or greyish colour, occasionally of considerable size, also yielded by the washings of diamandiferous sand, which formerly passed unregarded. These fragments are now carefully colected, and have acquired some considerable value in commerce, where they are known under the name of carbonado or carbon. […] An examination of these numerous varieties has made it evident that between carbonado of a simply micro-crystalline texture, and the diamond regularly crystallised in diaphanous octahedrons, there exists an uninterrupted series of intermediate conditions.

1873 October, “Some New Facts Concerning the Diamond”, in William Crookes, editor, The Quarterly Journal of Science, and Annals of Mining, Metallurgy, Engineering, Industrial Arts, Manufactures, and Technology, volume III (New Series; volume X overall), London: Offices of the Quarterly Journal of Science, 3, Horse-shoe Court, Ludgate Hill; Paris: Friedrich Klincksieck; Leipzg: Alfons Dürr, →OCLC, page 439:

Brazil's carbonadoes are indispensable today for the speedy cutting of hard rubber, bakelite and fiber compounds. Their absolute precision is especially valuable in turning such instruments as high-power telescopes and microscope tubes.

1928 January, Orville H. Kneen, “Gems that Work for a Living: Black Diamonds, the Most Precious Stones on Earth, Put to Curious Industrial Uses”, in The Popular Science Monthly, volume 112, number 1, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 133, column 1:

Carbonado, the granular variety of diamond, is a porous micro- or cryptocrystalline aggregate, composed of anhedral grains and crystallites of octahedral or, less commonly, cubic habit that range in size from 0.5 to 50 nm.

1974, Ye. V. Frantsesson, F. V. Kaminskiy, “Carbonado, a Diamond Variety of Nonkimberlitic Origin”, in Doklady: Earth Science Sections, Falls Church, Va.: American Geological Institute, →OCLC, page 117:

Carbonados are polycrystalline diamond aggregates of generally irregular shapes that have been observed in placer deposits and low-grade metamorphic rocks of mainly Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, Venezuela, and the Central African Republic. […] Smith and Dawson (1985), consequently, suggested that carbonados could have been formed as a consequence of Precambrian impact events into carbon-bearing crustal rocks. All other traces of these impacts and the related impact structures apparently have been eroded, and only the carbonados had survived erosion and were then incorporated into sedimentary rocks.

2005, Wolf Uwe Reimold et al., “Economic Mineral Deposits in Impact Structures: A Review”, in Christian Koeberl, Herbert Henkel, editors, Impact Tectonics (Impact Studies), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 3.2 (The Carbonado Conundrum), page 505:

(mineralogy) A dark, non-transparent, impure form of polycrystalline diamond (also containing graphite and amorphous carbon) used in drilling.


pleochroic halo

pleochroic halo (plural pleochroic halos or pleochroic haloes)

pleochroic halos (plural)
pleochroic haloes (plural)

(geology) A microscopic spherical region in which there is a change in color from the surrounding mineral; due to radiation damage from alpha particles.


alluminocopiapite

it-noun

alluminocopiapite f (plural alluminocopiapiti)


dimorphism

en-noun

dimorphism (countable and uncountable, plural dimorphisms)

(geology) A property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms.

dimorfismi

geology: property of existing in two distinct crystalline forms


silicification

silicification (countable and uncountable, plural silicifications)

Hostrock identified as quartzite may indicate silicification of pelitic country rock.

1998, Henry C. Berg, Bradfield Canal Quadrangle: Alaska Resource Data File, page 117:

(geology) Impregnation with silica; petrification.


phosphorite

phosphorite (countable and uncountable, plural phosphorites)

(mineralogy) a sedimentary rock rich in phosphate minerals such as apatite


natron

From French natron, from Spanish natrón, from Arabic نَطْرُون (naṭrūn), from Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron, “nitre”), ultimately from Egyptian nṯrj (“natron”): R9
Doublet of niter and trona.

Natron and salt are soluble by liquid, but not all liquid but only such as is cold. Hence water and any of its varieties melt them, but oil does not.

1931, Aristotle, translated by E.W. Webster, Meteorologica, Bk. IV, ch. 6:

You know the mysterious idols they were supposed to set up to worship in their chapters – were they really human heads treated with natron after the Ancient Egyptian pattern – idols of Persian or Syrian provenance?

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 242:

(mineralogy) A crystalline mixture of hydrous sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, with the chemical formula Na₂CO₃·10H₂O.


pneumatolysis

From Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma, “vapor”) + λύειν (lúein, “to set free”). By surface analysis, pneumato- + -lysis.

(geology) the alteration of rocks and minerals by gases or magmatic fluid within volcanos etc


Becken

de-noun

Becken n (strong, genitive Beckens, plural Becken)

Beckens (genitive)
Becken (plural)
Becken (nominative singular)
Becken (definite nominative plural)
Beckens (genitive singular)
Becken (definite genitive plural)
Becken (dative singular)
Becken (dative definite plural)
Becken (accusative singular)
Becken (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German becken, from Old High German becki, beckin, from Vulgar Latin *baccīnum (possibly attested as bacchinon, 6th century), probably from Gaulish. Compare Dutch bekken and further French bassin, English basin.

(geology) a basin, large hollow, enclosed valley


extinto

pt-adj

extinto (feminine extinta, masculine plural extintos, feminine plural extintas)

extinta (feminine)
extintos (masculine plural)
extintas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin exstinctus or extinctus.

(volcanology) extinct (no longer erupting)


spinel

en-noun

spinel (countable and uncountable, plural spinels)

French spinelle, perhaps from Latin spina (“a thorn, a prickle”), in allusion to its pointed crystals.

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 14, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) Any of several hard minerals of cubic symmetry that are mixed oxides of magnesium and aluminium and are used as gemstones of various colours.

لَعْل

any of several hard minerals of cubic symmetry that are mixed oxides of magnesium and aluminium


staca

head

staca m (genitive singular staca, nominative plural stacaí)

staca (genitive singular)
stacaí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
staca (indefinite singular)
stacaí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a staca (indefinite singular)
a stacaí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an staca (definite singular)
na stacaí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an staca (definite singular)
don staca (definite singular)
leis na stacaí (definite plural)

From English stack, from Middle English stak, from Old Norse stakkr, from Proto-Germanic *stakkaz. Doublet of stáca.

(geology) stack (coastal landform), sea stack


orthosilicate

(mineralogy) Any silicate mineral, such as garnet or olivine, in which the SiO₄ tetrahedra do not share oxygen atoms with each other.


proustite

en-noun

proustite (usually uncountable, plural proustites)

Named after French chemist Joseph L. Proust (1754-1826) in 1832, + -ite.

(mineralogy) A mineral, Ag₃AsS₃, often found with pyrargyrite in silver veins.


prehnite

prehnite (countable and uncountable, plural prehnites)

Named after Dutch colonial governor of Cape of Good Hope Hendrik van Prehn in 1789, Dutch colonial governor. This was the first mineral to be named after a person.

named-after

(mineralogy) A mineral, a basic calcium, aluminium and iron aluminosilicate, which occurs in stalactitic aggregates or curved crystals, Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂.


Blende

de-noun

Blende f (genitive Blende, plural Blenden)

Blende (genitive)
Blenden (plural)
Blende (nominative singular)
Blenden (definite nominative plural)
Blende (genitive singular)
Blenden (definite genitive plural)
Blende (dative singular)
Blenden (dative definite plural)
Blende (accusative singular)
Blenden (accusative definite plural)

→ Polish: blenda

(mineralogy) translucent sulfide mineral


Kalk

Kalk m (strong, genitive Kalkes or Kalks, plural Kalke)

Kalkes (genitive)
Kalks (genitive)
Kalke (plural)
Kalk (nominative singular)
Kalke (definite nominative plural)
Kalkes (genitive singular)
Kalks (genitive singular)
Kalke (definite genitive plural)
Kalk (dative singular)
Kalke (dative singular)
Kalken (dative definite plural)
Kalk (accusative singular)
Kalke (accusative definite plural)

→ Kashubian: kalk

From Middle High German kalc, from Old High German calc, from Proto-West Germanic *kalk.


système

→ Persian: سیستم (sistem)

→ Polish: system

→ Turkish: sistem

Inherited from Middle French systeme (first attested 1552), from Late Latin systēma, from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “organised whole, body”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”).


sardo

es-noun

sardo m (plural sardos, feminine sarda, feminine plural sardas)

sardos (plural)
sarda (feminine)
sardas (feminine plural)


croûte

Inherited from Middle French crouste, from Old French croste, cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”).


idiomorphous

(mineralogy) occurring as distinct crystals


Untergrund

de-noun

Untergrund m (strong, genitive Untergrundes or Untergrunds, plural Untergründe)

Untergrundes (genitive)
Untergrunds (genitive)
Untergründe (plural)

/ˈʔʊntɐˌɡʁʊnt/


intratelluric

(geology) Relating to or situated in the interior of the Earth.


Trog

Trog m (strong, genitive Troges or Trogs, plural Tröge)

Troges (genitive)
Trogs (genitive)
Tröge (plural)
Trog (nominative singular)
Tröge (definite nominative plural)
Troges (genitive singular)
Trogs (genitive singular)
Tröge (definite genitive plural)
Trog (dative singular)
Troge (dative singular)
Trögen (dative definite plural)
Trog (accusative singular)
Tröge (accusative definite plural)

northern and central Germany; now chiefly colloquial

From Middle High German troc, from Old High German trog, from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugaz.
Akin to Dutch trog, English trough, Danish trug, Swedish tråg.

(geology) trench (often filled with sediments)


Graben

Graben m (strong, genitive Grabens, plural Gräben)

Grabens (genitive)
Gräben (plural)
Graben (nominative singular)
Gräben (definite nominative plural)
Grabens (genitive singular)
Gräben (definite genitive plural)
Graben (dative singular)
Gräben (dative definite plural)
Graben (accusative singular)
Gräben (accusative definite plural)

→ English: graben

From Middle High German grabe, from Old High German grabo. The geological sense was introduced in 1888 by Austrian geologist Eduard Suess.

Oberrheingraben


gowan

From Scots, from Scottish Gaelic [Term?].


colle

From Latin collem (“hill”). Cognate with English hill.


underprint

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underprint.wav

(geology) A fossilised print in the rock bed that is at a deeper level than the track the creature leaving it was actually travelling on; caused by the pressure of a heavy animal or penetration of the sediment by a pointed appendage.


sandr

sandr (nominative singular)
sandry (nominative plural)
sandru (genitive singular)
sandrů (genitive plural)
sandru (dative singular)
sandrům (dative plural)
sandr (accusative singular)
sandry (accusative plural)
sandre (singular vocative)
sandře (singular vocative)
sandry (plural vocative)
sandru (locative singular)
sandrech (locative plural)
sandrem (instrumental singular)
sandry (instrumental plural)


sandr

pl-noun

sandr m inan (related adjective sandrowy)

sandrowy (adjective)
sandr (nominative singular)
sandry (nominative plural)
sandru (genitive singular)
sandrów (genitive plural)
sandrowi (dative singular)
sandrom (dative plural)
sandr (accusative singular)
sandry (accusative plural)
sandrem (instrumental singular)
sandrami (instrumental plural)
sandrze (locative singular)
sandrach (locative plural)
sandrze (singular vocative)
sandry (plural vocative)

(geology) sandur (plain created by the outwash of glacial meltwater)


badlands

→ Esperanto: badlandoj

→ German: Badlands

→ French: badlands

→ Spanish: badlands

From earlier Bad Lands, calque of Canadian French mauvaises terres à traverser (“bad lands to cross”), itself a calque of Lakota Makhóšiča from makhó (“land”) and šiča (“bad”).

calque

Not only do the Bad Lands present a most attractive field to the student of erosion and of the origin of earth forms, but their deathlike solitudes have been made to yield the most wonderful procession of strange extinct animals yet unearthed by geologists.

1904, Israel C. Russell, North America, New York: D. Appleton and Company, page 111:

No one has ever described better the shaggy badlands and cabbage-patches round the edges of a city, where the debris of civilization piles up ramshackle suburbs in which starve and scheme all manner of human detritus.

1922, John Dos Passos, “A Novelist of Revolution”, in Rosinante to the Road Again, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC, page 85:

(geomorphology) An arid terrain characterized by severe erosion of sedimentary rocks.

وَعْر

arid terrain with severely eroded sedimentary rocks


granita

eo-head

granita (accusative singular granitan, plural granitaj, accusative plural granitajn)

granitan (accusative singular)
granitaj (plural)
granitajn (accusative plural)


pyroxenoid

(mineralogy) any of a large group of minerals physically resembling pyroxene


pyroclastic rock

en-noun

pyroclastic rock (plural pyroclastic rocks)

(volcanology) Any rock formed by the accumulation of fragmented volcanic material (pyroclasts) ejected during explosive eruptions.


pyroclast

(geology) Solid matter ejected into the air by an active volcano.

pireaclast

geology: solid matter ejected into the air by an active volcano


borian

en-adj

borian (comparative more borian, superlative most borian)

more borian (comparative)
most borian (superlative)

(mineralogy) Describing minerals that contain boron


prospect

en-verb

prospect (third-person singular simple present prospects, present participle prospecting, simple past and past participle prospected)

prospects (present singular third-person)
prospecting (participle present)
prospected (participle past)
prospected (past)

From Latin prospectus, past participle of prospicere (“to look forward”), from pro (“before, forward”) + specere, spicere (“to look, to see”), equivalent to pro- + -spect. Doublet of prospectus.

(geology, mining) To determine which minerals or metals are present in a location.

проучвам

to determine which minerals or metals are present in a location


gummite

en-noun

gummite (countable and uncountable, plural gummites)

(mineralogy) A yellow, amorphous mineral, a mixture of oxides and silicates of uranium, formed by weathering of pitchblende.


stade

From Latin stadium, from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion), a 600-foot racetrack, a distance of 600 Greek feet. Cognate with French stade. Doublet of stadium, stadion, and estadio.

doublet

(geology) in glaciation during which a secondary advance of the glaciers occurs.


phosphorrösslerite

en-noun

phosphorrösslerite (usually uncountable, plural phosphorrösslerites)

(mineralogy) A transparent crystalline mineral, MgHPO₄·7H₂O.


basalt

basalt (countable and uncountable, plural basalts)

From Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”), b-x:n-O39

(mineralogy) A hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.


basalt

fo-noun

basalt n (genitive singular basalts, uncountable)

basalts (genitive singular)
basalt (indefinite nominative singular)
basaltið (definite nominative singular)
basalt (accusative indefinite singular)
basaltið (accusative definite singular)
basalti (dative indefinite singular)
basaltinum (dative definite singular)
basalts (genitive indefinite singular)
basaltsins (definite genitive singular)

From Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”) b-x:n-O39


basalt

basailt (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
basalt (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a bhasailt (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
basailt (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an basalt (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
an bhasailt (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an mbasalt (definite singular)
don bhasalt (definite singular)
basalt
bhasalt
mbasalt


redbed

(geology) any clastic and sedimentary rock that is pigmented with red ferric oxide


krater

nl-noun

krater m (plural kraters, diminutive kratertje n)

kraters (plural)
kratertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: krater

→ West Frisian: krater

Borrowed from Latin crātēr, from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr).


krater

krater (nominative singular)
kratery (nominative plural)
krateru (genitive singular)
kraterów (genitive plural)
kraterowi (dative singular)
kraterom (dative plural)
krater (accusative singular)
kratery (accusative plural)
kraterem (instrumental singular)
kraterami (instrumental plural)
kraterze (locative singular)
kraterach (locative plural)
kraterze (singular vocative)
kratery (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English crater, French cratère, German Krater, ultimately from Latin crātēr, from Ancient Greek κρατήρ (kratḗr).


realgar

en-noun

realgar (usually uncountable, plural realgars)

From Middle English realgar, from Medieval Latin realgar, resalgar, from Arabic رَهْج اَلْغَار (rahj al-ḡār, literally “cave dust”).

der

رَهْج اَلْغَار

(mineralogy) A mineral, arsenic sulfide (AsS), often associated with orpiment and stibnite in lead, silver and gold ores.


realgar

realgar (nominative singular)
realgary (nominative plural)
realgaru (genitive singular)
realgarów (genitive plural)
realgarowi (dative singular)
realgarom (dative plural)
realgar (accusative singular)
realgary (accusative plural)
realgarem (instrumental singular)
realgarami (instrumental plural)
realgarze (locative singular)
realgarach (locative plural)
realgarze (singular vocative)
realgary (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin realgar, from Arabic رَهْج اَلْغَار (rahj al-ḡār).

der

رَهْج اَلْغَار


topaasi

topaasi (nominative singular)
topaasit (nominative plural)
topaasi (accusative nominative singular)
topaasit (accusative nominative plural)
topaasin (accusative genitive singular)
topaasit (accusative genitive plural)
topaasin (genitive singular)
topaasien (genitive plural)
topaaseiden (genitive plural)
topaaseitten (genitive plural)
topaasia (partitive singular)
topaaseita (partitive plural)
topaaseja (partitive plural)
topaasissa (inessive singular)
topaaseissa (inessive plural)
topaasista (elative singular)
topaaseista (elative plural)
topaasiin (illative singular)
topaaseihin (illative plural)
topaasilla (adessive singular)
topaaseilla (adessive plural)
topaasilta (ablative singular)
topaaseilta (ablative plural)
topaasille (allative singular)
topaaseille (allative plural)
topaasina (essive singular)
topaaseina (essive plural)
topaasiksi (singular translative)
topaaseiksi (plural translative)
topaasitta (abessive singular)
topaaseitta (abessive plural)
topaasein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
topaasini (nominative singular)
topaasini (nominative plural)
topaasini (accusative nominative singular)
topaasini (accusative nominative plural)
topaasini (accusative genitive singular)
topaasini (accusative genitive plural)
topaasini (genitive singular)
topaasieni (genitive plural)
topaaseideni (genitive plural)
topaaseitteni (genitive plural)
topaasiani (partitive singular)
topaaseitani (partitive plural)
topaasejani (partitive plural)
topaasissani (inessive singular)
topaaseissani (inessive plural)
topaasistani (elative singular)
topaaseistani (elative plural)
topaasiini (illative singular)
topaaseihini (illative plural)
topaasillani (adessive singular)
topaaseillani (adessive plural)
topaasiltani (ablative singular)
topaaseiltani (ablative plural)
topaasilleni (allative singular)
topaaseilleni (allative plural)
topaasinani (essive singular)
topaaseinani (essive plural)
topaasikseni (singular translative)
topaaseikseni (plural translative)
topaasittani (abessive singular)
topaaseittani (abessive plural)
topaaseineni (comitative plural)
topaasisi (nominative singular)
topaasisi (nominative plural)
topaasisi (accusative nominative singular)
topaasisi (accusative nominative plural)
topaasisi (accusative genitive singular)
topaasisi (accusative genitive plural)
topaasisi (genitive singular)
topaasiesi (genitive plural)
topaaseidesi (genitive plural)
topaaseittesi (genitive plural)
topaasiasi (partitive singular)
topaaseitasi (partitive plural)
topaasejasi (partitive plural)
topaasissasi (inessive singular)
topaaseissasi (inessive plural)
topaasistasi (elative singular)
topaaseistasi (elative plural)
topaasiisi (illative singular)
topaaseihisi (illative plural)
topaasillasi (adessive singular)
topaaseillasi (adessive plural)
topaasiltasi (ablative singular)
topaaseiltasi (ablative plural)
topaasillesi (allative singular)
topaaseillesi (allative plural)
topaasinasi (essive singular)
topaaseinasi (essive plural)
topaasiksesi (singular translative)
topaaseiksesi (plural translative)
topaasittasi (abessive singular)
topaaseittasi (abessive plural)
topaaseinesi (comitative plural)
topaasimme (nominative singular)
topaasimme (nominative plural)
topaasimme (accusative nominative singular)
topaasimme (accusative nominative plural)
topaasimme (accusative genitive singular)
topaasimme (accusative genitive plural)
topaasimme (genitive singular)
topaasiemme (genitive plural)
topaaseidemme (genitive plural)
topaaseittemme (genitive plural)
topaasiamme (partitive singular)
topaaseitamme (partitive plural)
topaasejamme (partitive plural)
topaasissamme (inessive singular)
topaaseissamme (inessive plural)
topaasistamme (elative singular)
topaaseistamme (elative plural)
topaasiimme (illative singular)
topaaseihimme (illative plural)
topaasillamme (adessive singular)
topaaseillamme (adessive plural)
topaasiltamme (ablative singular)
topaaseiltamme (ablative plural)
topaasillemme (allative singular)
topaaseillemme (allative plural)
topaasinamme (essive singular)
topaaseinamme (essive plural)
topaasiksemme (singular translative)
topaaseiksemme (plural translative)
topaasittamme (abessive singular)
topaaseittamme (abessive plural)
topaaseinemme (comitative plural)
topaasinne (nominative singular)
topaasinne (nominative plural)
topaasinne (accusative nominative singular)
topaasinne (accusative nominative plural)
topaasinne (accusative genitive singular)
topaasinne (accusative genitive plural)
topaasinne (genitive singular)
topaasienne (genitive plural)
topaaseidenne (genitive plural)
topaaseittenne (genitive plural)
topaasianne (partitive singular)
topaaseitanne (partitive plural)
topaasejanne (partitive plural)
topaasissanne (inessive singular)
topaaseissanne (inessive plural)
topaasistanne (elative singular)
topaaseistanne (elative plural)
topaasiinne (illative singular)
topaaseihinne (illative plural)
topaasillanne (adessive singular)
topaaseillanne (adessive plural)
topaasiltanne (ablative singular)
topaaseiltanne (ablative plural)
topaasillenne (allative singular)
topaaseillenne (allative plural)
topaasinanne (essive singular)
topaaseinanne (essive plural)
topaasiksenne (singular translative)
topaaseiksenne (plural translative)
topaasittanne (abessive singular)
topaaseittanne (abessive plural)
topaaseinenne (comitative plural)
topaasinsa (nominative singular)
topaasinsa (nominative plural)
topaasinsa (accusative nominative singular)
topaasinsa (accusative nominative plural)
topaasinsa (accusative genitive singular)
topaasinsa (accusative genitive plural)
topaasinsa (genitive singular)
topaasiensa (genitive plural)
topaaseidensa (genitive plural)
topaaseittensa (genitive plural)
topaasiaan (partitive singular)
topaasiansa (partitive singular)
topaaseitaan (partitive plural)
topaasejaan (partitive plural)
topaaseitansa (partitive plural)
topaasejansa (partitive plural)
topaasissaan (inessive singular)
topaasissansa (inessive singular)
topaaseissaan (inessive plural)
topaaseissansa (inessive plural)
topaasistaan (elative singular)
topaasistansa (elative singular)
topaaseistaan (elative plural)
topaaseistansa (elative plural)
topaasiinsa (illative singular)
topaaseihinsa (illative plural)
topaasillaan (adessive singular)
topaasillansa (adessive singular)
topaaseillaan (adessive plural)
topaaseillansa (adessive plural)
topaasiltaan (ablative singular)
topaasiltansa (ablative singular)
topaaseiltaan (ablative plural)
topaaseiltansa (ablative plural)
topaasilleen (allative singular)
topaasillensa (allative singular)
topaaseilleen (allative plural)
topaaseillensa (allative plural)
topaasinaan (essive singular)
topaasinansa (essive singular)
topaaseinaan (essive plural)
topaaseinansa (essive plural)
topaasikseen (singular translative)
topaasiksensa (singular translative)
topaaseikseen (plural translative)
topaaseiksensa (plural translative)
topaasittaan (abessive singular)
topaasittansa (abessive singular)
topaaseittaan (abessive plural)
topaaseittansa (abessive plural)
topaaseineen (comitative plural)
topaaseinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈt̪o̞pɑ̝ːs̠i]

From Swedish topas, from French topaze, from Ancient Greek τόπαζος (tópazos).


ablativ

head

ablativ (neuter singular ablativt, definite singular and plural ablative, comparative mer ablativ, superlative mest ablativ)

ablativt (neuter singular)
ablative (definite plural singular)
mer ablativ (comparative)
mest ablativ (superlative)

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «ablativ».ogg

From Latin (cāsus) ablātīvus (“ablative case, ablative”), from ablātus (“taken away, stolen, having been stolen”) (with the suffix -īvus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHwós, from *-wós), perfect passive participle of auferō (“I take away”), from both ab- (“from, away, off”), from ab (“from, away from, of”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”) + and from ferō (“I bear, carry, bring”), from Proto-Italic *ferō (“to carry, bear”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (“to be carrying”), from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). Doublet of ablasjon.

der

ablative materialer

(geology, sciences) ablative (relating to the erosion of a land mass)


chrysoprase

From Ancient Greek χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”) and πράσινον (prásinon, “green”).

[…]or such pale green and uncertain as we see in sunset sky, and in the clefts of the glacier and the chrysoprase,[…]

1846, [John Ruskin], chapter 10, in Modern Painters […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, part III (Of Ideas of Beauty), section II (Of the Imaginative Faculty), § 7, page 79:

With shaken soul of light and shuddering blaze / Of leaping emerald and cold chrysoprase

(mineralogy) A variety of light-green translucent quartz.


chiastolite

en-noun

chiastolite (countable and uncountable, plural chiastolites)

From Ancient Greek χιαστός (khiastós, “arranged diagonally”) derived from χι (khi, “Greek letter X khi”) + -lite. So called from the resemblance of the crosscuts of its crystals to the Greek letter chi.

der

(mineralogy) An aluminosilicate mineral having carbon inclusions, a variety of andalusite.


pediment

From the earlier form peremint, perhaps a dialectal alteration of pyramid, under the influence of -ment.

(geology) A very gently sloping (0.5°-7°) inclined bedrock surface.


apatite

en-noun

apatite (countable and uncountable, plural apatites)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-apatite.wav

From international scientific vocabulary, from German Apatit (“apatite”). Apatit was coined by the German geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817), as follows: Ancient Greek ᾰ̓πᾰ́τη (apátē, “deceit, fraud”) (as it is often mistaken for other minerals) + German -it (suffix forming nouns denoting minerals or rocks; cognate with English -ite); the German word was first used in a 1786 book. Regarding minerals that were named for being deceptive and thus confused with others, compare also fool's gold.

der

suffix forming nouns denoting minerals or rocks; cognate with English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-ite</i>

We had prepared, by precipitation methods, finely divided crystalline apatites that were similar in crystal size and x-ray diffraction profile to bone apatite.

1967, Duncan McConnell et al., “Infrared Absorption of Carbonate Apatite”, in Science, volume 155, number 3762 (New Series), Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 608:

(mineralogy) A calcium fluoride phosphate of variable composition, sometimes used in the manufacture of fertilizer, as a gemstone, and (in powdered form) as a pigment, and also produced biologically in bones and teeth.

Abraham Gottlob Werner
international scientific vocabulary


ejecta

Distal ejecta are, by definition, those ejecta that occur at considerable distances from the source crater (>5 crater radii from the crater rim; see, e.g., Melosh 1989). They either consist of (usually fine-grained) rock and mineral fragments or are of glassy consistency.

2006, Alessandro Montanari, Christian Koeberl, Impact Stratigraphy: The Italian Record, Springer, →ISBN, page 57:

(geology) Material which has been ejected, especially from a volcano or an impact crater.

噴出物

material which has been ejected, especially from a volcano


mobilization

en-noun

mobilization (countable and uncountable, plural mobilizations)

From French mobilisation or mobilize + -ation.

(geology) The softening of rock such that geochemical migration can take place.


Australie

Literally, “the southern land”, from Latin australis (“southern”).

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Australie

(Jersey) Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)


perimorph

(mineralogy) A mineral enclosed within another.

(mineralogy) The outer mineral that encloses an endomorph.


paramorphism

paramorphism (countable and uncountable, plural paramorphisms)

(geology) A change in the physical structure of a mineral without any chemical change.

paramorphose

a change in the physical structure of a mineral without any chemical change


orogenic

en-adj

orogenic (comparative more orogenic, superlative most orogenic)

more orogenic (comparative)
most orogenic (superlative)

/ɒɹə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/

For Suess, summing up folding and thrusting in a dozen mountain chains, orogenic events happened when the earth shrugged violently and pulled itself together.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 116:

(geology) Concerned with orogeny; pertaining to the creation of mountains.


punky

punky (comparative punkier, superlative punkiest)

punkier (comparative)
punkiest (superlative)

→ Spanish: punki

He said nothing, rousing himself once in a while to go through his hunting gear or repair a packstrap, and he even hollowed out a punky log with a hatchet for some use I couldn't divine.

(geology) Of or pertaining to punk (touchwood); rotted or soft.


corniche

→ Ottoman Turkish: قورنیش (korniş)

Turkish: korniş


carnelian

en-noun

carnelian (countable and uncountable, plural carnelians)

From cornelian, the red form named carneolus under the influence of Latin carneus (“fleshy”) because of its color.

1952, You were in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone was your covering, carnelian, topaz, and jasper, chrysolite, beryl, and onyx, sapphire, carbuncle, and emerald; and wrought in gold were your settings and your engravings. On the day that you were created they were prepared., Ezekiel 28:13 RSV:

(mineralogy) A hard, reddish brown chalcedony used in jewelry


syngas

syngas (countable and uncountable, plural syngases)

(petrochemistry) Synthesis gas or coal gas.


synthesis gas

synthesis gas (countable and uncountable, plural synthesis gases)

(petrochemistry) The gas obtained by heating coal and steam; coal gas.


coal gas

(petrochemistry) The poisonous gas, used domestically for cooking etc and formerly for lighting, prepared by heating coal with steam (gasification); it is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; sometimes synonymous with synthesis gas or town gas.


upthrust

upthrust (countable and uncountable, plural upthrusts)

(geology) An upward movement of part of the Earth's crust.


Australië

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire; capital: Canberra)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands; capital: Canberra)


Australië

nl-proper noun

Australië n (adjective Australisch, demonym Australiër m or Australische f)

Australisch (adjective)
Australiër (demonym masculine)
Australische (demonym feminine)


plaz

plȃz (canonical inanimate masculine)
plȃz (nominative singular)
plazȏva (dual nominative)
plazȏvi (nominative plural)
plazȗ (genitive singular)
plazóv (dual genitive)
plazóv (genitive plural)
plȃzu (dative singular)
plȃzi (dative singular)
plazȏvoma (dative dual)
plazȏvama (dative dual)
plazȏvom (dative plural)
plȃzȏvam (dative plural)
plȃz (accusative singular)
plazȏva (accusative dual)
plazȏve (accusative plural)
plȃzu (locative singular)
plȃzi (locative singular)
plazȏvih (dual locative)
plazȏvih (locative plural)
plȃzom (instrumental singular)
plazȏvoma (dual instrumental)
plazȏvama (dual instrumental)
plazȏvi (instrumental plural)
plȃz (singular vocative)
plazȏva (dual vocative)
plazȏvi (plural vocative)
plȃz (nominative singular)
plazȏva (dual nominative)
plazȏvi (nominative plural)
plȃza (genitive singular)
plazóv (dual genitive)
plazóv (genitive plural)
plȃzu (dative singular)
plȃzi (dative singular)
plazȏvoma (dative dual)
plazȏvama (dative dual)
plazȏvom (dative plural)
plȃzȏvam (dative plural)
plȃz (accusative singular)
plazȏva (accusative dual)
plazȏve (accusative plural)
plȃzu (locative singular)
plȃzi (locative singular)
plazȏvih (dual locative)
plazȏvih (locative plural)
plȃzom (instrumental singular)
plazȏvoma (dual instrumental)
plazȏvama (dual instrumental)
plazȏvi (instrumental plural)
plȃz (singular vocative)
plazȏva (dual vocative)
plazȏvi (plural vocative)

Gerund of plaziti, from Proto-Slavic *pőlziti, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-.

(geology) slide (a small dislocation in beds of rock along a line of fissure)


rhodochrosite

en-noun

rhodochrosite (countable and uncountable, plural rhodochrosites)

From Ancient Greek ῥοδόχρως (rhodókhrōs, “having rosy colour”), from ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) + χρώς (khrṓs, “colour”).

uder

(mineralogy) A crystalline mineral composed mainly of manganese carbonate MnCO₃.


ceppo

Inherited from Latin cippus. Doublet of cippo, which was borrowed.


rhodonite

en-noun

rhodonite (countable and uncountable, plural rhodonites)

From Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) + -ite.

(mineralogy) A manganese inosilicate mineral with some substitution by iron and magnesium, of composition (Mn²⁺,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO₃.

rhodium

etymologically related [via color] but not chemically related


romanechite

Named after its discovery locality: Romaneche, Saône-et-Loir, France.
Romanech- + -ite

(mineralogy) a mixed oxide mineral of manganese and barium which is an ore of manganese


plate tectonics

And of course, in order to understand the Earth's past and how it got to where it now is, it is important to have a basic knowledge of plate tectonics, which explains how the planet's continental and oceanic crusts are part of the lithospheric plates that are buoyant and ride upon the highly viscous asthenosphere.

2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition:

(geology) The large-scale movement of tectonic plates that contributes to continental drift.


tectonic plate

(geology) Any of several large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere which participate in plate tectonics.


sal ammoniac

From Middle English sal armenak, sal armoniac, salarmoniac, sal armoniacum, sal armoniak, sal armonyak, salarmonyak, salle armonyacke, salt armoniake, salt armonyac, from Latin sal ammōniacus, sal armōniacus (“salt of Amun, ammonium chloride”), named so because it was found near the temple of (Jupiter) Ammon in Egypt. Ammon derives from Ancient Greek Ἄμμων (Ámmōn), from Egyptian jmn. Doublet of salmiac.

(mineralogy) a rare mineral composed of ammonium chloride found around volcanic fumaroles and guano deposits.


rift valley

(geology) A graben structure between two tectonic plates which are opening relative to each other.

(geology) A mid-oceanic ridge system with central valleys.


continental drift

(geology) The slow movement of continents explained by plate tectonics.


marna

Borrowed from French marne, of Gaulish origin.

(geology) marlstone (properly roccia di marna)


nahcolite

nahcolite (countable and uncountable, plural nahcolites)

From its chemical formula NaHCO₃, named in 1929.

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of sodium bicarbonate.


antarctictite

(mineralogy) An evaporite consisting of calcium chloride, CaCl.6H₂O, found in Victoria Land, Antarctica.


astrakanite

(mineralogy) An evaporite consisting of a mixed sodium and magnesium sulphate.


burkeite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate with the chemical formula Na₆(CO₃)(SO₄)₂, found at Searles Lake, California.


bassanite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of calcium sulfate, found at Vesuvius.


bischofite

bischofite (countable and uncountable, plural bischofites)

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of magnesium chloride with the chemical formula MgCl₂·6H₂O, found with potash deposits in Saxony.


carnalite

carnalite (countable and uncountable, plural carnalites)

(mineralogy) An evaporite consisting of a mixed potassium and magnesium chloride; sometimes used as a flux in steelmaking.


blödite

An eponym from Carl August Blöde (German chemist, 1773–1820), therefore Blöde + -ite (“rock, mineral”).

(mineralogy) An evaporite consisting of a mixed sodium and magnesium sulphate, with the chemical formula Na₂Mg(SO₄)₂·4H₂O.


aphthitalite

aphthitalite (usually uncountable, plural aphthitalites)

From Ancient Greek ἄφθιτος (áphthitos, “imperishable”) (though the intended meaning is “unalterable”) + ἅλς (háls, “salt”) + -ite.

der

(mineralogy) An evaporite consisting of mixed potassium and sodium sulphates; also found in the fumaroles of volcanos.


hexahydrite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of magnesium sulphate hexahydrate.


glaserite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of potassium sulphate.


loewite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed sodium and magnesium sulphate


thernadite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of sodium sulphate


leonite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed potassium and magnesium sulphate, with the chemical formula (K₂SO₄)(MgSO₄)


anhydrite

en-noun

anhydrite (countable and uncountable, plural anhydrites)

(mineralogy) An evaporite mineral made of anhydrous calcium sulfate.


thermonatrite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of sodium carbonate, with the chemical formula Na₂CO₃·H₂O.


sanderite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of hydrated magnesium sulphate, MgSO₄·H₂O.


leonhardite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a calcium aluminosilicate


shortite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed sodium and calcium carbonate, with the chemical formula Na₂Ca₂(CO₃)₃.


syngenite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed potassium and calcium sulphate


picromerite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed potassium and magnesium sulphate, with the chemical formula K₂Mg(SO₄)₂·6(H₂O).


langbeinite

langbeinite (countable and uncountable, plural langbeinites)

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed potassium and magnesium sulphate, with the chemical formula K₂Mg₂(SO₄)₃.


ikaite

Named after Ikka Fjord (formerly spelled Ika) a small fjord in southwestern Greenland.

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of hydrated calcium carbonate with the chemical formula CaCO₃·6H₂O, found in cold marine waters.


rinneite

Named after German crystallographer and petrographer Freidrich Wilhelm Berthold Rinne (1863-1933) in 1909.

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of mixed potassium, sodium and ferrous chloride, K₃NaFe²⁺Cl₆.


gaylussite

From Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist, + -ite.

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed sodium and calcium carbonate, with the chemical formula Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂·5H₂O.


pirssonite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed sodium and calcium carbonate


glauberite

Named after Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604-68), + -ite.

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed sodium and calcium sulphate, with the chemical formula Na₂Ca(SO₄)₂.


epsomite

epsomite (countable and uncountable, plural epsomites)

From Epsom + -ite, named after the place Epsom in England in 1824.

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of magnesium sulphate, also found in fumaroles, with the chemical formula MgSO₄·7H₂O.


tachyhydrite

tachyhydrite (countable and uncountable, plural tachyhydrites)

From Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “quick”) + ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed calcium and magnesium chloride, with the chemical formula CaMg₂Cl₆·12H₂O.


schoenite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of a mixed potassium and magnesium sulphate, of the chemical formula K₂Mg(SO₄)₂·6(H₂O).


kieserite

kieserite (countable and uncountable, plural kieserites)

From Kieser + -ite. After the German D. G. Kieser (1779-1862) in 1860.

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of hydrated magnesium sulphate


pentahydrite

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of magnesium sulphate pentahydrate, with the chemical formula MgSO₄·5H₂O.


kainite

kainite (countable and uncountable, plural kainites)

Borrowed from German Kainit; see there for more.

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride with the chemical formula MgSO₄·KCl·3H₂O, found in German salt mines.


salt dome

(geology) An upwelling of crystalline rock salt and its aureole of deformed sediments.


cheminée

→ German: Cheminée

→ Persian: شومینه (šomine)

→ Romanian: șemineu

→ Turkish: şömine

From Old French cheminee, from Late Latin [camera] camīnāta, from Latin camīnus (“furnace”), from Ancient Greek κάμῑνος (kámīnos).


emplacement

emplacement (countable and uncountable, plural emplacements)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-emplacement.wav

From French emplacement, from en- + placement.

(geology) The inclusion of igneous rock in older rocks, or the development or localization of an ore body in older rocks. The latter is referred to as ore deposition.


sylvite

sylvite (countable and uncountable, plural sylvites)

After the surname of Dutch scientist Franciscus Sylvius + -ite.

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of potassium chloride KCl, also found in fumaroles.


carena

Inherited from Latin carīna (“keel”), influenced by Ligurian / Italian carena.

Per una banda, prats secs als sòls poc profunds de les carenes, per l'altra, prats molls i jonqueres al fons de les valls.

2001, Oriol de Bolòs i Capdevila, Vegetació dels Països Catalans:

On the one side, dry meadows on the shallow soil of the ridges, on the other, wet meadows and rush beds at the bottom of the valleys.


mirabilite

From Latin mīrābilis (“miraculous”) + -ite. From the Latin term sal mirabilis (“wonderful salt”), which was used by German-Dutch alchemist Johann Rudolph Glauber (1604–1670) after he inadvertently synthesised the substance.

Mounds of mirabilite have been observed near the north-west side of White Island, (e.g., Debenham 1965). These mirabilites probably originated by infiltration of sea water into the ice shelf, followed by ablation of the surface until the brines were exposed to evaporation and freeze concentration with precipitation of mirabilite on the surface.

1975, M. K. Stewart, “Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica”, in New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Volume 18, Number 1, page 61:

Bedded deposits of mirabilite occur in coastal areas of East Antarctica, such as the Vestfold Hills and in the Skarvsnes area of Lutzow-Holm Bay, about 1500 km further west (Fig 1.3).

1987, I. B. Campbell, G. G. C. Claridge, Antarctica: Soils, Weathering Processes and Environment, Elsevier, page 253:

Mirabilite could have been and probably was scooped up off the cave floor and out of breakdown hollows, or brushed off ceilings and walls where it forms abundantly.

2002, George M. Crothers, Charles H. Faulkner, Jan F. Simek, Patty Jo Watson, P. Willey, “23: Woodland Cave Archaeology in Eastern North America”, in David G. Anderson, Robert C. Mainfort, editors, The Woodland Southeast, University of Alabama Press, page 512:

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of sodium sulfate, with the chemical formula Na₂SO₄·10H₂O.

芒硝

saline evaporite consisting of sodium sulfate


tectonic

1650s, in sense of building, from Late Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós, “pertaining to building”), from Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “carpenter, joiner, maker”), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to make”) (from which also texture). In sense of geology, attested 1894. By surface analysis, Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn) + -ic (“pertaining to”).

surf

A boiling hot rock planet with extreme tectonic activity, Parnassus is home to many volcanic mountains. Surface scans reveal several geothermal and solar power stations, tapping the planet's abundant energy.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Parnassus:

At some point, Venus may have had its own form of plate tectonics – possibly different from the plate tectonics here on Earth. Water and rock measurements obtained from the DAVINCI mission, combined with the Venus global mapping information by NASA’s VERITAS mission, another recently selected mission to Venus that is managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, can be used to decipher how these tectonic patterns may have operated on Venus, and why the planet was unable to sustain them in a fashion similar to Earth.

2021 October 20, “NASA’s DAVINCI Explores Ten Mysteries of Venus”, in NASA, archived from the original on 2021-10-20:

(geology) Of, relating to, or caused by large-scale movements of the Earth's (or a similar planet's) lithosphere.

tectónicu

(geology) relating to large-scale movements


aragonite

en-noun

aragonite (countable and uncountable, plural aragonites)

From Aragon + -ite, after the province in Spain, named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1790.

The basic chemical material of molluscan shells is calcium carbonate, which forms the outer layer of calcite, and the inner layer of aragonite, which is a heavier and harder substance although it has the same chemical composition.

1955, Rachel Carson, The Edge of the Sea, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Appendix, p. 268:

(mineralogy) An evaporite consisting of anhydrous calcium carbonate with the chemical formula CaCO₃ and occurring in pearls, shells and nacre; it is dimorphous with calcite.


dolomite

dolomite (countable and uncountable, plural dolomites)

From French dolomite, coined March 1792 by Nicolas de Saussure, named after French mineralogist and engineer Déodat de Dolomieu (1750–1801) who described the stone in 1791 by adding -ite, from place name Dolomieu, Isère.

named-after

(mineralogy) An evaporite consisting of a mixed calcium and magnesium carbonate, with the chemical formula CaMg(CO₃)₂; it also exists as the rock dolostone.


sapropel

en-noun

sapropel (countable and uncountable, plural sapropels)

From German Sapropel, corresponding to sapro- + Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, clay”).

der

Another instance in which Mediterranean sapropels have provided clues about events deep within the African continent is the ‘greening’ of the Sahara about 120,000 years ago.

2011, Chris Stringer, The Origin of Our Species, Penguin, published 2012, page 47:

(geology) An aquatic sludge-like sediment rich in organic matter formed in oxygen-free areas at the bottom of lakes, seas etc.


nappe

From French nappe. Doublet of map, mop, and nape.

The generation of an Alpine mountain range is a matter of piling on the nappes.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 96:

(geology) A sheet-like mass of rock that has been folded over adjacent strata.


carnallite

en-noun

carnallite (countable and uncountable, plural carnallites)

Named after the mineralogist Von Carnall (1804-74), + -ite.

(mineralogy) An evaporite composed of a mixture of potassium chloride and magnesium chloride, with the chemical formula KMgCl₃·6H₂O.


schlieren

schlieren pl (normally plural, singular schliere)

From German Schlieren, plural of Schliere (“streak”). Compare with Latin calere, whence English scald.

(geology) Irregular streaks of different composition in some igneous rocks.


Ավստրալիա

Avstralia (romanization)
Ավստրալիա (nominative singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայի (dative singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայից (ablative singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայում (locative singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիան (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիային (dative definite singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիաս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիադ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Ավստրալիայումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Ավստրալիաներ

Ավստրալիաները/Ավստրալիաներն

Ավստրալիային

Ավստրալիաների

Ավստրալիաներին

Ավստրալիայից

Ավստրալիաներից

Ավստրալիայով

Ավստրալիաներով

Ավստրալիայում

Ավստրալիաներում

Ավստրալիաներս

Ավստրալիայիս

Ավստրալիաներիս

Ավստրալիայիցս

Ավստրալիաներիցս

Ավստրալիայովս

Ավստրալիաներովս

Ավստրալիայումս

Ավստրալիաներումս

Ավստրալիաներդ

Ավստրալիայիդ

Ավստրալիաներիդ

Ավստրալիայիցդ

Ավստրալիաներիցդ

Ավստրալիայովդ

Ավստրալիաներովդ

Ավստրալիայումդ

Ավստրալիաներումդ

Hy-Ավստրալիա.ogg

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


neogenic

(geology) of, or relating to the Neogene period


Paleogenic

(geology) of, or relating to the Paleogene period


scheelite

en-noun

scheelite (countable and uncountable, plural scheelites)

Named after the Swedish chemist Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786).

Coordinate term: wolframite

(mineralogy) A mineral composed of calcium tungstate, with the chemical formula CaWO₄; it is one of the principal ores for tungsten.


sedimentology

sedimentology (usually uncountable, plural sedimentologies)

(geology) The study of natural sediments and of the processes by which they are formed


niggerhead

niggerhead (countable and uncountable, plural niggerheads)

From nigger + head, reflecting a supposed resemblance to a black person's head.

(geology, archaic, colloquial, now offensive) A geode.


trona

From Swedish trona or from Spanish trona, both derived from Arabic أَطْرُون (ʔaṭrūn), from نَطْرُون (naṭrūn), from Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron), ultimately from Egyptian nṯrj: R9. Doublet of natron and niter.

der

Arabic أَطْرُون (ʔaṭrūn)

(mineralogy) An evaporite, consisting of mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, Na₃HCO₃CO₃·2H₂O.


trona

sk-noun

trona f (genitive singular trony, declension pattern of žena)

trony (genitive singular)
žena (declension-pattern-of)
trona (nominative singular-only)
trony (genitive singular-only)
trone (dative singular-only)
tronu (accusative singular-only)
trone (locative singular-only)
tronou (instrumental singular-only)

Derived from Swedish trona, from Arabic اَطْرُون (aṭrūn), which derives from نَطْرُون (naṭrūn), from Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron), from Egyptian nṯrj.


trona

English: trona

From Arabic أَطْرُون (ʔaṭrūn), from نَطْرُون (naṭrūn), from Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron), from Egyptian nṯrj.

der

Arabic أَطْرُون (ʔaṭrūn)


sepiolite

en-noun

sepiolite (countable and uncountable, plural sepiolites)

From Latin sepia (“cuttlefish”) + -lite, from its resemblance to cuttlebone.

(mineralogy) A hydrated magnesium silicate, clay mineral used for carving into decorative articles and smoking pipes.

merenvaha

a clay mineral, the formal name of meerschaum


stratigraphy

stratigraphy (countable and uncountable, plural stratigraphies)

The study of stratigraphy was at this point in its infancy, but it was already understood that different layers of rocks had been formed during different periods.

2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 40:

On Earth, we chart the history of waterways by looking at sediment that is deposited over time. We call that stratigraphy, the idea that water transports sediment and you can measure the changes on Earth by understanding the way that sediment piles up. That's what we've done here—but it's Mars.

2022 October 27, Adrienne Berard, quoting Benjamin Cardenas, “Traces of ancient ocean discovered on Mars”, in phys.org:

(geology) The study of rock layers and the layering process (stratification).


serpentinite

(geology) a metamorphic rock composed of serpentine minerals formed by the hydration of ultramafic rocks


sinistral

dextral

antonym(s) of “of, facing, or on the left side”

(geology) Having left lateral fault movement.


skutterudite

skutterudite (countable and uncountable, plural skutterudites)

From Skutterud + -ite, after the old spelling of the town of Skotterud in Norway.

(mineralogy) Any of a class of mixed cobalt and nickel arsenide and sulfide minerals.


sillimanite

sillimanite (countable and uncountable, plural sillimanites)

From Silliman + -ite. Named after American chemist and geologist Benjamin Silliman (1779-1864) in 1824.

(mineralogy) A fibrous neosilicate mineral, polymorphic with andalusite and kyanite, with the chemical formula Al₂SiO₅.


skarn

Borrowed from Swedish skarn (“skarn, filth”), from Old Norse skarn, from Proto-Germanic *skarną. Doublet of sharn.

(geology) Any of various metamorphic rocks formed by metasomatism.


endomorphism

endomorphism (countable and uncountable, plural endomorphisms)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-endomorphism.wav

(geology) The assimilation of surrounding rock by an intrusive igneous rock.


siderite

siderite (countable and uncountable, plural siderites)

From Ancient Greek σιδηρίτης (sidērítēs, “made of iron”), from Ancient Greek σίδηρος (sídēros, “iron”), or from Latin sideritis (“lodestone”), from Ancient Greek σιδηρῖτις (sidērîtis, “loadstone”). By surface analysis, sider- + -ite.

uder

(uncountable, mineralogy) a widespread brown mineral, FeCO₃, having the structure of calcite.


smithsonite

en-noun

smithsonite (countable and uncountable, plural smithsonites)

Named after James Smithson (1754-1829) in 1832.

(mineralogy) A mineral form of zinc carbonate, ZnCO₃, mined as an ore of zinc or as an ornamental stone.


smithsonite

fr-noun

smithsonite f (countable and uncountable, plural smithsonites)


smithsonite

it-noun

smithsonite f (countable and uncountable, plural smithsoniti)


soapstone

en-noun

soapstone (countable and uncountable, plural soapstones)

From soap + stone; so called because the archetypal varieties of the stone resemble soap in multiple ways: their feel, appearance, and carvability. First use appears c. 1681, in the writings of Nehemiah Grew.

steatite

often synonymous; more information at soapstone § Terminology

To have a reliable fire, you'll need to carve a lamp from soapstone (you know what soapstone looks like, right?), render some oil for the lamp from blubber, and make a wick out of a particular species of moss.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 3, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(geology) A soft rock, rich in talc, also containing serpentine and either magnetite, dolomite or calcite.


water table

The heavy rain, combined with the high-water table in the flat Fenland landscape, made for difficult working conditions which was already threatening NR's preparedness for the nine-day blockade in September.

2020 November 18, Paul Stephen, “Preparing for the big push at Werrington”, in Rail, page 57:

(geology) The level, underground, below which the ground is saturated with water.


foliate

en-adj

foliate (comparative more foliate, superlative most foliate)

more foliate (comparative)
most foliate (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Latin foliātus (“having leaves, leafy, leaved”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), a participial adjective derived from folium (“leaf; (Late Latin) leaf or sheet of paper”) + -ātus (participial adjective-forming suffix) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”) or *dʰelh₁- (“to be green”)).

der

(geology) Synonym of foliated (“of a rock: having a structure of thin layers”)


isochore

From iso- + Ancient Greek χώρα (khṓra, “place”).

The isochore plan of the overburden thus obtained is then placed over the isochore plan of the seam.

1964, Mineral Development in Assam: Symposium Volume, Assam (India) Directorate of Geology and Mining, page 205:

Isochore maps of the sandstone bodies also indicate the presence of a number of channels flowing from the basin margin towards a central depression.

1981, Coalfields of India, Geological Survey of India, page 125:

(geology) A contour showing points of equal vertical thickness of strata; equal to an isopach if strata are horizontal.


заман

zaman (romanization)
заман (nominative singular)
замандар (nominative plural)
заманның (genitive singular)
замандардың (genitive plural)
заманға (dative singular)
замандарға (dative plural)
заманды (accusative singular)
замандарды (accusative plural)
заманда (locative singular)
замандарда (locative plural)
заманнан (ablative singular)
замандардан (ablative plural)
заманмен (instrumental singular)
замандармен (instrumental plural)


заман

zaman (romanization)
زامان (Arabic)
заман (nominative singular)
замандар (nominative plural)
замандын (genitive singular)
замандардын (genitive plural)
заманга (dative singular)
замандарга (dative plural)
заманды (accusative singular)
замандарды (accusative plural)
заманда (locative singular)
замандарда (locative plural)
замандан (ablative singular)
замандардан (ablative plural)
заманым (first-person nominative singular)
замандарым (first-person nominative singular)
заманымдын (first-person genitive singular)
замандарымдын (first-person genitive singular)
заманыма (dative first-person singular)
замандарыма (dative first-person singular)
заманымды (accusative first-person singular)
замандарымды (accusative first-person singular)
заманымда (first-person locative singular)
замандарымда (first-person locative singular)
заманымдан (ablative first-person singular)
замандарымдан (ablative first-person singular)
заманың (informal nominative second-person singular)
замандарың (informal nominative second-person singular)
заманыңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
замандарыңдын (genitive informal second-person singular)
заманыңа (dative informal second-person singular)
замандарыңа (dative informal second-person singular)
заманыңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
замандарыңды (accusative informal second-person singular)
заманыңда (informal locative second-person singular)
замандарыңда (informal locative second-person singular)
заманыңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
замандарыңдан (ablative informal second-person singular)
заманыңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
замандарыңыз (formal nominative second-person singular)
заманыңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
замандарыңыздын (formal genitive second-person singular)
заманыңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
замандарыңызга (dative formal second-person singular)
заманыңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
замандарыңызды (accusative formal second-person singular)
заманыңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
замандарыңызда (formal locative second-person singular)
заманыңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)
замандарыңыздан (ablative formal second-person singular)


क्वार्टज़

hi-noun

क्वार्टज़ • (kvārṭz) m (Urdu spelling کوارٹز)

kvārṭz (romanization)
کوارٹز (Urdu)
क्वार्टज़ (direct singular)
क्वार्टज़ (direct plural)
क्वार्टज़ (oblique singular)
क्वार्टज़ों (oblique plural)
क्वार्टज़ (singular vocative)
क्वार्टज़ो (plural vocative)

hi-ndecl

//क्वार्ट्ज़<M>


noyau

Backformed from Old French noyaus, plural of noyal, from Late Latin nucālis, from Latin nux.


mother lode

Probably a calque of Spanish veta madre (“mother lode”).

calque

Undeterred, reasoning from the coarseness of the gold that it had not traveled far, they had set out in search of the mother lode.

1912, Jack London, “The Little Man”, in Smoke Bellew:

(geology) A large or rich vein of gold or of another precious mineral from which other branches extend.


straticulate

The thick-bedded dolostone's straticulate character was brought out as fine etched parallel grooves on the broken surfaces by weathering.

(geology) Said of sedimentary rock exhibiting thin layers, whether or not they control how the rock breaks. Compare with laminated.


seismometer

Despite the Hebgen Lake quake and the other known risks, Yellowstone didn't get permanent seismometers until the 1970s.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, page 205:

(geology) A device used by seismologists to detect and measure seismic waves and therefore locate earthquakes etc; a seismograph.

sismòmetre

device used by seismologists to measure seismic waves


diaclasis

en-noun

diaclasis (countable and uncountable, plural diaclases)

(geology) A network of cracks in limestone rock allowing the infiltration of water and causing sinkholes.


Platte

de-noun

Platte f (genitive Platte, plural Platten)

Platte (genitive)
Platten (plural)
Platte (nominative singular)
Platten (definite nominative plural)
Platte (genitive singular)
Platten (definite genitive plural)
Platte (dative singular)
Platten (dative definite plural)
Platte (accusative singular)
Platten (accusative definite plural)

→ Czech: plát

→ Kashubian: plata

From Middle High German plate, from late Old High German platta, from Vulgar Latin *platta, *plattus, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “wide; flat”). Doublet of Plätte.


pore space

(geology) All the pores in a rock; the volume of such pores


stromatolite

From Ancient Greek στρώματα (strṓmata) (plural of στρῶμα (strôma, “layer”)) + λίθος (líthos, “stone, rock”).

Most modern and ancient stromatolites occur in carbonate sediments and sedimentary rocks, but they can form by trapping and binding of any sediment particles.

1979, D. G. Lundgren, W. Dean, “Chapter 4: Biogeochemistry of Iron”, in P. A. Trudinger, D. J. Swaine, editors, Biogeochemical Cycling of Mineral-Forming Elements, page 232:

2003, David M. Paterson, Rebecca J. Aspden, R. Pamela Reid, Biodynamics of Modern Marine Stromatolites, Andrew H. Knoll, Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth, page 44,
Stromatolites are the predominant features of carbonate rocks formed in Precambrian oceans.

The formation of modern stromatolites is highly dependent on sediment accretion rates and their associated microbial assemblages that trap and bind sediment particles that fall on the surface of the structures.

2010, Joseph Seckbach, Aharon Oren, editors, Microbial Mats: Modern and Ancient Microorganisms in Stratified Systems, page 231:

(geology) A laminated, columnar, rock-like structure constituting a large share of all fossils from 3.5 to 0.5 billion years ago, with some still being formed at present, some or all of which result from the deposit of minerals by microorganisms such as cyanobacteria.

stromatoliet

rock-like structure built by microorganisms


duna

Borrowed from French dune, from Old French dune, from Middle Dutch dūne, from Proto-West Germanic *dūnā.

(geomorphology) dune (ridge or hill of sand piled up by the wind)


երակ

erak (romanization)
երակ (nominative singular)
երակներ (nominative plural)
երակի (dative singular)
երակների (dative plural)
երակից (ablative singular)
երակներից (ablative plural)
երակով (instrumental singular)
երակներով (instrumental plural)
երակում (locative singular)
երակներում (locative plural)
երակը (definite nominative singular)
երակն (definite nominative singular)
երակները (definite nominative plural)
երակներն (definite nominative plural)
երակին (dative definite singular)
երակներին (dative definite plural)
երակս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
երակներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
երակիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
երակներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
երակիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
երակներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
երակովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
երակներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
երակումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
երակներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
երակդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
երակներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
երակիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
երակներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
երակիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
երակներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
երակովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
երակներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
երակումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
երակներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

երակները/երակներն

(geology) vein (natural underground watercourse)


eluvium

(geology) Residual deposits of soil, dust and rock particles produced by the action of the wind

útskolun

deposits of soil, dust, and rock particles


APG

(petrochemistry) Abbreviation of Associated Petroleum Gas.


adular

adular (nominative singular)
adulary (nominative plural)
adularu (genitive singular)
adularów (genitive plural)
adularowi (dative singular)
adularom (dative plural)
adular (accusative singular)
adulary (accusative plural)
adularem (instrumental singular)
adularami (instrumental plural)
adularze (locative singular)
adularach (locative plural)
adularze (singular vocative)
adulary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Adular. First attested in 1827.

ref

Ignacy Jakowicki (1827) Wykład oryktognozyi i początków geognozyi, page 119


adular

adulare (plural)
adular (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
adularul (accusative definite nominative singular)
adulare (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
adularele (accusative definite nominative plural)
adular (indefinite singular)
adularului (definite singular)
adulare (indefinite plural)
adularelor (definite plural)
adularule (singular vocative)
adularelor (plural vocative)


muł

muł (nominative singular)
muły (nominative plural)
mułu (genitive singular)
mułów (genitive plural)
mułowi (dative singular)
mułom (dative plural)
muł (accusative singular)
muły (accusative plural)
mułem (instrumental singular)
mułami (instrumental plural)
mule (locative singular)
mułach (locative plural)
mule (singular vocative)
muły (plural vocative)

(geology) silt, slitch (mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water)

szlam i muł

(geology) slime, sludge, slurry (natural muddy sediment accumulating on the bottom and banks of water bodies)


aplome

From French aplome, from Ancient Greek ἁπλόος (haplóos, “single, simple”). Coined by French priest and mineralogist René Just Haüy in 1801.

coin

Aplome (properly haplome) has its dodecahedral faces striated parallel to the shorter diagonal, whence Haüy inferred that the fundamental form was the cube; and as this form is simpler than the dodecahedron, he gave it a name derived from ἁπλόος, simple. Color of the original aplome (of unknown locality) dark brown; also found yellowish green and brownish green at Schwarzenberg in Saxony, and on the Lena in Siberia.

1912, Edward Salisbury Dana, A Text-book of Mineralogy with an Extended Treatise on Crystallography and Physical Mineralogy, New York: John Wiley & Sons, E.2.(b), page 417:

(mineralogy) A brown or green variety of andradite containing manganese.


extrusive

en-adj

extrusive (comparative more extrusive, superlative most extrusive)

more extrusive (comparative)
most extrusive (superlative)

(geology) Of rocks: forced, while in a plastic or molten state, on to the Earth's surface to lie atop existing rocks.

ekstrusiivinen

of molten rock forced on to the Earth's surface


extrusive

(geology) Rock which has been formed through volcanic extrusion.


barro

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *barrum (“clay, mud”), from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, possibly Celtic; compare Middle Irish broch (“waste, dregs”) and Gaulish *barros (“the bushy end”).


balas

balasek (diminutive)
balas (nominative singular)
balasy (nominative plural)
balasa (genitive singular)
balasów (genitive plural)
balasowi (dative singular)
balasom (dative plural)
balas (accusative singular)
balasy (accusative plural)
balasem (instrumental singular)
balasami (instrumental plural)
balasie (locative singular)
balasach (locative plural)
balasie (singular vocative)
balasy (plural vocative)

(Middle Polish, gemology) type of red gemstone


deposito

depósitó (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜐᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


pals

From Finnish palsa, from Lule Sami balsa.

(geomorphology) palsa; a turf hillock with a frozen core


prospectar

pt-verb

prospectar (first-person singular present prospecto, first-person singular preterite prospectei, past participle prospectado)

tlb

(Brazilian Portuguese spelling, superseded in European Portuguese)

prospecto (first-person present singular)
prospectei (first-person preterite singular)
prospectado (participle past)
prospectar (impersonal infinitive)
prospectar (first-person infinitive singular)
prospectares (infinitive second-person singular)
prospectar (infinitive singular third-person)
prospectarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
prospectardes (infinitive plural second-person)
prospectarem (infinitive plural third-person)
prospectando (gerund)
prospectado (masculine participle past singular)
prospectados (masculine participle past plural)
prospectada (feminine participle past singular)
prospectadas (feminine participle past plural)
prospecto (first-person indicative present singular)
prospectas (indicative present second-person singular)
prospecta (indicative present singular third-person)
prospectamos (first-person indicative plural present)
prospectais (indicative plural present second-person)
prospectam (indicative plural present third-person)
prospectava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
prospectavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
prospectava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
prospectávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
prospectáveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
prospectavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
prospectei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
prospectaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
prospectou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
prospectamos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
prospectámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
prospectastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
prospectaram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
prospectara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
prospectaras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
prospectara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
prospectáramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
prospectáreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
prospectaram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
prospectarei (first-person future indicative singular)
prospectarás (future indicative second-person singular)
prospectará (future indicative singular third-person)
prospectaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
prospectareis (future indicative plural second-person)
prospectarão (future indicative plural third-person)
prospectaria (conditional first-person singular)
prospectarias (conditional second-person singular)
prospectaria (conditional singular third-person)
prospectaríamos (conditional first-person plural)
prospectaríeis (conditional plural second-person)
prospectariam (conditional plural third-person)
prospecte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
prospectes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
prospecte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
prospectemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
prospecteis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
prospectem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
prospectasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
prospectasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
prospectasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
prospectássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
prospectásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
prospectassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
prospectar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
prospectares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
prospectar (future singular subjunctive third-person)
prospectarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
prospectardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
prospectarem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
prospecta (imperative second-person singular)
prospecte (imperative singular third-person)
prospectemos (first-person imperative plural)
prospectai (imperative plural second-person)
prospectem (imperative plural third-person)
não prospectes (imperative negative second-person singular)
não prospecte (imperative negative singular third-person)
não prospectemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não prospecteis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não prospectem (imperative negative plural third-person)

(geology, mining) to prospect (to determine which minerals or metals are present in a location)


copper ore

en-noun

copper ore (countable and uncountable, plural copper ores)

(geology) any rock containing commercially interesting amounts of copper


carbonation

carbonation (countable and uncountable, plural carbonations)

(mineralogy) The replacement of calcium hydroxide with calcium carbonate triggered by a chemical reaction.


lité

fr-adj

lité (feminine litée, masculine plural lités, feminine plural litées)

litée (feminine)
lités (masculine plural)
litées (feminine plural)


pisara

Borrowed from Spanish pizarra, from Basque pizar.


retas

id-noun

rêtas (plural retas-retas, first-person possessive retasku, second-person possessive retasmu, third-person possessive retasnya)

rêtas (canonical)
retas-retas (plural)
retasku (first-person possessive)
retasmu (possessive second-person)
retasnya (possessive third-person)


terciara

Borrowed from English tertiary, French tertiaire, German tertiär, Italian terziario, Spanish terciario. Decision no. 311, Progreso IV.


sphalerite

From Ancient Greek σφαλερός (sphalerós, “unstable, unsteady, precarious”) + -ite; named in 1847.

suffix

The Monte Cristo and Philadelphia sphalerites have similar mean Pb concentrations (80 ppm) that are lower than the Lucky Dog sphalerites (119 ppm).

2009 February 6, Jamie J. Wilkinson et al., “Anomalously Metal-Rich Fluids Form Hydrothermal Ore Deposits”, in Science, volume 323, number 5915, →DOI, pages 764–767:

(mineralogy) A yellow, brown or black, sometimes red, green white or colorless mineral with cubic crystals, of a chemical formula (Zn,Fe)S, often containing also minor metals, such as cadmium, gallium, germanium and indium.


水成岩

水成岩 (canonical)
suiseigan (romanization)

[sɨise̞ːɡã̠ɴ]


geologic era

(geology, Paleontology) A subdivision of geologic time that divides an eon into smaller timeframes.


glacis

Borrowed from French glacis (“slippery surface”), derived from Old French glacier (“to glide; freeze”), the former from Latin glaciāre (“to freeze”), from glaciēs (“ice”), of uncertain origin.
cognates
* Medieval Latin glatia (“incline in front of a fortification”)

cog

(geomorphology) A gentle sloping landform created by the deposition or erosion of material.


makatea

en-noun

makatea (countable and uncountable, plural makateas)

(geology, uncountable) The limestone of which it is constructed.


porphyritic

(geology) Containing large crystals in a fine mass of material.


geological matrix

geological matrix (plural geological matrixes or geological matrices)

geological matrixes (plural)
geological matrices (plural)

(geology) The fine-grained background material in which crystals, pebbles or fossils are embedded in a sedimentary rock


水晶

ja-noun

水(すい)晶(しょう) • (suishō) ^(←すいしやう (suisyau)?)

水晶 (canonical)
suishō (romanization)
suisyau (romanization)
すいしやう (hiragana historical)

水(すい) (sui, “water”) + 晶(しょう) (shō, “crystal”).


antecedence

en-noun

antecedence (countable and uncountable, plural antecedences)

From Latin antecēdentia from Latin antecēdēns (“preceding”), from antecēdō (“go before”).

2005, Wallace R. Hansen, The Geologic Story of the Uinta Mountains, Guilford, CT: Falcon, 2nd ed., p. 26,
Speculation as to how the Green River established its course across the Uinta Mountains led Powell to introduce such terms as “superposition” and “antecedence” to identify processes by which streams are able to establish and maintain courses across mountain barriers.

(geology) A geologic process that explains how and why antecedent rivers can cut through mountain systems instead of going around them.


lapisan

(geology) a layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout


zdjęcie

pl-noun

zdjęcie n (diminutive zdjątko, related adjective zdjęciowy)

zdjątko (diminutive)
zdjęciowy (adjective)
zdjęcie (nominative singular)
zdjęcia (nominative plural)
zdjęcia (genitive singular)
zdjęć (genitive plural)
zdjęciu (dative singular)
zdjęciom (dative plural)
zdjęcie (accusative singular)
zdjęcia (accusative plural)
zdjęciem (instrumental singular)
zdjęciami (instrumental plural)
zdjęciu (locative singular)
zdjęciach (locative plural)
zdjęcie (singular vocative)
zdjęcia (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish zjęcie. By surface analysis, zdjąć + -ęcie.

(obsolete, countable, geology, metrology) survey (measurement of an area and drawing it with details at a certain scale)


superimpose

en-verb

superimpose (third-person singular simple present superimposes, present participle superimposing, simple past and past participle superimposed)

superimposes (present singular third-person)
superimposing (participle present)
superimposed (participle past)
superimposed (past)

-uːpəɹɪmpəʊz

(geology) To establish a structural system over, independently of underlying structures.


creta

Borrowed from Latin crēta. Compare greda.


alabastro

From Latin alabastrum, or borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀλάβαστρος (alábastros), from earlier ἀλάβαστος (alábastos, “vase made of alabaster”).


vicinal

(mineralogy) Describing subordinate planes on a crystal, which are very near to the fundamental planes in angles, and sometimes take their place.


Fennoscandia

From Latin Fennia (“Finland”) + Scandia (“Scandinavia”).

Fennoscandian Shield
Fennoscandian Shield

(geology) the Fennoscandian Shield underlying Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Northern Denmark; Baltic Shield.


facies

en-noun

facies (countable and uncountable, plural facies)

Borrowed from Latin faciēs (“form, configuration, figure; face, visage, countenance”). Doublet of face.

bor+

(geology) A body of rock with specified characteristics reflecting its formation, composition, age, and fossil content.


calp

en-noun

calp (countable and uncountable, plural calps)

(geology) A dark shaly limestone occurring in the Carboniferous limestone of Ireland.


Westphalian

(geology, uncountable) A European phase of the upper Carboniferous period.


calamine

calamine (usually uncountable, plural calamines)

From French calamine, from Medieval Latin calamīna, from Latin cadmīa, ultimately from Ancient Greek Κᾰδμείᾱ (Kadmeíā), from Κάδμος (Kádmos, “Cadmus”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming related substances”). Doublet of cadmia, calaminaris, and lapis calaminaris.

doublet

(mineralogy) Synonym of hemimorphite, an orthorhombic-pyramidal mineral containing zinc.


形態

/ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰai²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰai²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/

/heŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰai²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰai²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹/

/heŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³/

(linguistics, biology, geology, mathematics) morphology


bog iron

(geology) deposits of mixed oxides and hydroxides of iron formed when iron-bearing groundwater emerges onto the surface


sand dune

So enfeebled was resolution in him that he could only palter at a fatuous picture of himself carrying Podson bodily over the lagoon and dumping him on the sand dunes.

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 86:

An anemometer constructed by the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Western Region, British Railways, has been installed at Dawlish Warren, near Exeter, to obtain a record of the velocity (speed and direction) of the wind. This information is used for the study of the effects of wind erosion on the sand dunes which protect the railway from the sea at that point.

1952 August, “Wind Velocity Records at Dawlish”, in Railway Magazine, page 545:

(geology) A large, semi-permanent mound of windblown sand, held together by specialized plants, common along seashores and in deserts.


tephra

en-noun

tephra (countable and uncountable, plural tephras)

From the Ancient Greek τέφρα (téphra, “ash”).

The sky would have darkened with sheer volume of ash, the grapes would have withered upon the vine; misfortune would have fallen with the inexorability of volcanic tephra upon rich and poor alike.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 126:

Over a five-year research period, RESET is correlating tephras from their volcanic sources to where they fell in deep ocean and lake sediments, and even further into important archaeological sites in Europe, western Asia and North Africa.

2011, Chris Stringer, The Origin of Our Species, Penguin, published 2012, page 46:

Tephra could encourage phytoplankton blooms that could potentially sequester huge amounts of carbon dioxide

2020 October 5, Ian Randall, Chemistry World, Royal Society of Chemistry:

(geology) The solid material thrown into the air by a volcanic eruption that settles on the surrounding areas.


spilite

(geology) a very fine-grained igneous rock, resembling an altered basalt, containing feldspar together with chlorite, calcite, and epidote etc.


capping

capping (countable and uncountable, plural cappings)

(geology) the leached upper part of a body or rock that still contains disseminated sulphide mineral deposit.


subsidence

subsidence (countable and uncountable, plural subsidences)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-subsidence.wav

Latin subsidens, subsidentis, present participle of subsidere.

Everyone knows that a main line running through a coalfield is prone to speed restrictions because of land subsidence. […] The rate of subsidence may vary from less than an inch a month in the case of a deep seam of coal, to as rapid a decline as 16in a month above a shallow seam. The effect of subsidence on permanent way and civil engineering structures needs no emphasis.

1961 November, “Talking of Trains: The subsidence problem”, in Trains Illustrated, page 651:

Subsidence was first noted in the late nineteenth century. An increasing thirst for groundwater, which creates subterranean pockets that are then compressed by the land above, and upriver damming of the Mississippi, which prevents the replenishment of sediments, have undermined the city to the point that it is now thought to be subsiding by up to 12 millimetres per year.

2020, David Farrier, “Thin Cities”, in Footprints, 4th Estate, →ISBN:

(geology) A sinking of something to a lower level, especially of part of the surface of the Earth due to underground excavation, seismic activity or underground or ground water depletion.