ablegate

Borrowed from French ablégate, from Latin ablēgātus, perfect passive participle of ablēgō (“I send off or away; banish”), from ab (“from, away from”) + lēgō (“I dispatch, send on a commission”). See legate.

(Roman Catholicism) A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.

ablegaat

representative of the pope in foreign countries


abbreviator

From Ecclesiastical Latin abbreviātor. Compare French abbréviateur.

(Roman Catholicism, historical) One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose duty was to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form.


abbreviator

abbreviatoren (definite singular)
abbreviatorer (indefinite plural)
abbreviatorene (definite plural)

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «abbreviator».ogg

Pius II opprettet i 1463 et kollegium av abbreviatorer.

Pius II established a college of abbreviators in 1463.

(history, Roman Catholicism) abbreviator (one of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form.)


abb

head

abb m (genitive singular abb, plural abbyn)

From Old Irish ap, abb, from Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).

Abbyr 'abb' dyn gleashagh dty chab.


ablution

en-noun

ablution (countable and uncountable, plural ablutions)

From Middle English ablucioun (“cleansing of impurities”), from Old French ablution, and its source, Late Latin ablūtiō (“a washing away”), from abluō (“wash away”), from ab- (“away”) + lavō (“wash”).

ablutie

Roman Catholic Church: a small quantity of wine and water

(Western Christianity) The rinsing of the priest's hand and the sacred vessel following the Communion with, depending on rite, water or a mix of it and wine, which may then be drunk by the priest.


ablution

Learned borrowing from Latin ablūtiōnem.

(Western Christianity) Ritual rinsing of the priest's hand; ablution


accensor

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin accēnsor, from accendō (“light, kindle”) + -tor (agent noun suffix). Compare accend.

bor+

(Roman Catholicism) One of the functionaries who light and trim the tapers.


abuna

From Amharic አቡነ (ʾäbunä), Arabic أَبُونَا (ʔabūnā, “our father”).

Around these leaders are still numerous hereditary dynasties of non-monastic clergy who, over the centuries, might swarm in their thousands to seek ordination on the abun’s rare visits to their area.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 242:

(Christianity) The Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church.


abuna

abuna (nominative singular)
abunowie (nominative plural)
abuny (genitive singular)
abunów (genitive plural)
abunowi (dative singular)
abunom (dative plural)
abunę (accusative singular)
abunów (accusative plural)
abuną (instrumental singular)
abunami (instrumental plural)
abunie (locative singular)
abunach (locative plural)
abuno (singular vocative)
abunowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Amharic አቡነ (ʾäbunä), from Arabic أَبُونَا (ʔabūnā, “our father”). First attested in 1564.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “abunan”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Pátryárchę wybieráią [chrześcijanie afrykańscy] Mnichá s Klaſztorá S. Antoniego puſtelniká/ á zową go Abunán

African Christians choose a patriarch monk from the hermit Saint Anthony's monastery/and they call him an abuna.

Nie jest to nic dziwnego, bo Abissyńczycy zawsze Abunę swego z egiptu otrzymują.

1841, Gazeta Codzienna, number 163, page 3:

This isn't anything strange, because Abyssinians always get their abuna from Egypt.

Przekradali się konsekrowani przez archimandrytę aleksandryjskiego kolejni abunowie.

1974, Wacław Korabiewicz, Śladami amuletu, page 162:

The next consecrated abunas snuck over through the Alexandrian archimandrite

W książce którą cytowałem nie ma takich informacji (ani o odwróceniu
biegu Nilu, ani o prześladowaniu abunów).

2003 July 18, leszek, “ciekawostka z historii Etiopii”, in pl.sci.historia (Usenet):

In the book I was quoting from there is no information (neither about changing the
course of the Nile nor about harassing abunas.

(Christianity) abuna (the Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church)


futurism

en-noun

futurism (countable and uncountable, plural futurisms)

/ˈfjuːt͡ʃəɹɪzəm/

(Christianity) Eschatological interpretations associating some Biblical prophecies with future events yet to be fulfilled, including the Second Coming.


abba

From Middle English, from Latin, from Ancient Greek, from Aramaic אבא/ܐܒܐ (ʼaḇāʼ, “father”); see abbot.

The abba of the coenobion went to him and told him about the brother who had slipped up.

2012, The Book of the Elders: Sayings of the Desert Fathers, →ISBN, page 135:

(Christianity, Judaism) Father; religious superior; in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch; a title given to Jewish scholars in the Talmudic period.


abba

Unadapted borrowing from Latin abba, from Ancient Greek ἀββα (abba), from Aramaic אבא/ܐܒܐ (ʼabbāʼ, “father”). Doublet of abate.


abba

From Latin abba (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββα (abba, “father, title of respect given to abbots”), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father, teacher, ancestor, leader”), from Proto-Semitic *ʔabw- (“father”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔab-, ultimately an onomatopoeic nursery word.
Doublet of abbed and abbé.

der

han sa: «Abba, Far! Alt er mulig for deg …»

(Can we date this quote?), The Holy Bible: Mark 14,36:

he said, "Abba, Father!" Everything is possible for you ... »

dere har fått Ånden som gir rett til å være Guds barn, den som gjør at vi roper: «Abba, Far!»

(Can we date this quote?), The Holy Bible: Rom 8,15:

you have received the Spirit who gives the right to be children of God, the one who causes us to cry out, 'Abba, Father!'

[vårt hjerte] siger et Abba kjære fader

1817, Hans Nielsen Hauge, Om Religiøse Følelser og deres Værd, page 9:

ja det er sandt som kammerherren siger. Abba! fader!

1830-1837, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter II,3, page 336:

yes it is true as the chamberlain says. Abba! father!

(Christianity, Judaism) Abba or Father (when speaking directly with God through prayer)


millennium

en-noun

millennium (plural millennia or millenniums)

From Late Latin mīllennium, from Latin mīllennis (“1000-year”) + -ium (forming abstract nouns).

milénium

year when a period of 1000 years ends and another begins

After the purifying judgments which attended the personal return of Christ to the Earth, He will reign over restored Israel and over the earth for one thousand years. This is the period commonly called the Millennium. The seat of His power will be Jerusalem, and the saints, including the saved of the Dispensation of Grace, viz., the Church, will be associated with Him in His glory.

1888, C. I. Scofield, “The Seven Dispensations”, in Rightly Dividing the Word of Truth (2 Tim. 2:15): Ten Outline Studies of The More Important Divisions of Scripture, Second edition (Religion), Philadelphia, Penn.: Philadelphia School of the Bible, published 1923, →OCLC, page 25:

An archangel ecstatically proclaiming the Millennium, and then finding that it clashed unpardonably with Henley and would have to be indefinitely postponed, could hardly have felt more crestfallen than Cornelius Appin at the reception of his wonderful achievement.

1911, Saki, “Tobermory”, in The Chronicles of Clovis:

the end of the world would be heralded by a series of spectacular and symbolic events […]. According to most commentators, this millennium had already begun.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 137:

Conrad's later years unfolded in the shadow of the coming Millennium, when the end of the world was forecast.

2011, Norman Davies, Vanished Kingdoms, Penguin, published 2012, page 117:

(Christianity) The period of one thousand years during which Christ will reign on earth (according to Millenarianist interpretations).

tuhatvuotinen valtakunta

Christianity: the 1000 year reign of Christ


decade

From Middle English decade, from Old French decade, from Late Latin decādem (“(set of) ten”), from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás), from δέκα (déka, “ten”). In reference to a span of ten years, originally a clipping of the phrase decade of years. By surface analysis, deca- + -ade. Doublet of decad.

teens · twenties · thirties · forties · fifties · sixties · seventies · eighties · nineties

Gay Nineties · Naughty Nineties · Roaring Twenties · Dirty Thirties · Swinging Sixties

A group, set, or series of ten , particularly:

(Roman Catholicism) A series of prayers counted on a rosary, typically consisting of an Our Father, followed by ten Hail Marys, and concluding with a Glory Be and sometimes the Fatima Prayer.


hour

Bislama: aua

Tok Pisin: aua

→ Hausa: awa

From Middle English houre, hour, oure, from Anglo-Norman houre, from Old French houre, (h)ore, from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “any time or period, whether of the year, month, or day”), from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥ (“year, season”). Akin to Old English ġēar (“year”). Doublet of hora and year.
Partly displaced native Old English tīd (“time, hour”), whence Modern English tide.

der

the darkest hour is always just before the dawn

the darkest hour is just before the dawn

(Christianity, in the plural) The set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.


ab

head

ab m (genitive singular aba, nominative plural abaí)

aba (genitive singular)
abaí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
ab (indefinite singular)
abaí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a ab (indefinite singular)
a abaí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aba (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-ab (definite singular)
na habaí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aba (definite singular)
na n-abaí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an ab (definite singular)
don ab (definite singular)
leis na habaí (definite plural)

From Latin abbas (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”).


ami

From English amen, from Ecclesiastical Latin āmēn, from Ancient Greek ἀμήν (amḗn), from Biblical Hebrew אָמֵן (ʾāmēn, “certainly, verily”) when used by Yoruba Christians, it is invoked with the Anglo-Christian meaning in mind. Also from Arabic آمِين (ʔāmīn), from Classical Syriac ܐܰܡܺܝܢ (ʾāmēn) or Aramaic אַמִין (ʾāmēn), possibly via Koine Greek ᾱ̓μήν (āmḗn), from Biblical Hebrew אָמֵן (ʾāmēn) when used by Yoruba Muslims, it is invoked with the Arabic meaning in mind.


Saint Helena

(Christianity) A saint: the mother of the emperor Constantine the Great.


translation

en-noun

translation (countable and uncountable, plural translations)

From Middle English translacioun (“transfer, translation”), from Anglo-Norman translacioun, from Latin trānslātiō, from trānslāt-, the supine stem of trānsferō (“to transfer, transport, transform, translate”). Displaced native Old English wending.

inh

(countable, uncountable) The act of translating, in its various senses:

The conveyance of something from one place to another, especially:

(Christianity) An ascension to Heaven without death.

(Christianity) A transfer of a bishop from one diocese to another.

(Christianity) A transfer of a holy relic from one shrine to another.


secret

en-noun

secret (countable and uncountable, plural secrets)

Pitcairn-Norfolk: siikret

The noun is from Middle English secret, from Latin sēcrētum. Doublet of secretum. Displaced Old English dēagolnes (“a secret”).
The verb is from the noun.

displaced

(Christianity, often in the plural) Any prayer spoken inaudibly and not aloud; especially, one of the prayers in the Tridentine Mass, immediately following the "orate, fratres", said inaudibly by the celebrant.

sēcrēta

inaudible prayer, especially after the “orate fratres” at Mass


pulpit

From Middle English pulpit, from Old French pulpite and Latin pulpitum (“platform”). Doublet of pulpitum.

Always, whether in the pulpit or on the platform, as in private conversation, there is an absolute simplicity about the man and his words; a simplicity, an earnestness, a complete honesty.

1915, Russell H. Conwell, Robert Shackleton, chapter IV, in Acres of Diamonds, His Life and Achievements:

[H]is `Amens' were ejected at the pulpit with the severity of a reprimand.

1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1965, →OCLC, page 12:

(Christianity) A raised platform in a church, usually enclosed, where the minister or preacher stands when giving the sermon.

בימה

used to describe the platform in a synagogue where the rabbi conducts the sermon


throne

From Middle English trone, from Old French trone, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos, “chair, throne”). Superseded earlier seld (“seat, throne”).

der

For by him were all things created that are in heauen, and that are in earth, visible and inuisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him.

1611, Bible (KJV), Epistle of Paul to the Colossians, 1:16

(Christianity) A member of an order of angels ranked above dominions and below cherubim.


apple

Book of Genesis
Frans Floris
Malmö Art Museum
The Fall of Man

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl
Proto-Germanic *aplaz
Proto-West Germanic *applu
Old English æppel
Middle English appel
English apple
The noun is derived from Middle English appel (“Malus domestica fruit or tree, apple; any type of fruit, nut, or tuber; tree bearing fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; (Christianity) forbidden fruit in Eden”), from Old English æppel (“apple; any type of fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; eyeball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”).
As regards sense 1.4 (“forbidden fruit”), the type of fruit eaten by Adam and Eve is not identified in the Book of Genesis in the Bible. It may have come to be identified with the apple because of the similarity between Latin mālum (“apple”) and malum (“evil; misery, torment; wrongdoing”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
Cognate with Danish æble, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), Scots aipple, Swedish äpple, Welsh afal, West Frisian apel, possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”).

ref

From the collection of the Malmö Art Museum in Malmö, Scania, Sweden.

чӏва

common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus; fruit of the tree Malus domestica

omena

something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica in shape or colour

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

Him [man] by fraud I [Satan] have ſeduc'd / From his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your vvonder, vvith an Apple; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Ll4], recto, lines 485–487:

I read and re-read her letter, and some softened feelings stole into my heart, and dared to whisper paradisiacal dreams of love and joy; but the apple was already eaten, and the angel's arm bared to drive me from all hope.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter V, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 102:

Yes, of all human follies, love, / Methinks, hath served me best. / The Apple had done but little for me / If Eve had not done the rest.

1829, Robert Southey, “All for Love, or A Sinner Well Saved. Canto II.”, in All for Love; and The Pilgrim to Compostela, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 20:

Yes, fair Eve, just as Adam ate the apple, so beware!

1871, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “Congratulations, etc.”, in My Wife and I: Or, Harry Henderson’s History, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 399:

Yes mam. Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift^([sic]) up her fig-leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.

1975 (date written), Barry Reckord, “White Witch”, in For the Reckord: A Collection of Three Plays, London: Oberon Books, published 2010, →ISBN:

Sharon you've got a husband / And a family and a farm / I've got the apple of temptation / And a diamond snake around my arm

1976, Joni Mitchell (lyrics and music), “Song for Sharon”, in Hejira, Los Angeles, Calif.: Asylum Records, →OCLC:

A common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus.

(Christianity) According to postbiblical Christian tradition, the fruit of the tree of knowledge which was eaten by Adam and Eve despite God commanding them not to do so; the forbidden fruit.


general

en-noun

general (countable and uncountable, plural generals)

From Middle English general, in turn from Anglo-Norman general, generall, Middle French general, and their source, Latin generālis, from genus (“class, kind”) + -ālis (“-al”); thus morphologically parallel with, and a doublet of, generic.

(Christianity) The head of certain religious orders, especially Dominicans or Jesuits.


quarantine

Cuban Missile Crisis
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Louis IX of France
quarantine

From Medieval Latin quarentena and quarentīna (“40-day period, Lent”) via Middle English quarentine, Norman quarenteine, French quarenteine, and Italian quarantina, via proposed Late Latin *quaranta + -ēna (forming distributive adjectives), from Latin quadrāgintā (“four tens, 40”). Doublet of carene and quadragene.
In reference to French politics, calque of French quarantaine after edicts of Louis IX. In reference to a severance of political relations, popularized by the Roosevelt administration's 1937 approach to the Axis powers and the later Kennedy administration's 1962 approach to Cuba during the missile crisis.

By yonde ys a wyldernys of quarentyne,
Wher Cryst wyth fastyng hys body dyd pyne;
In that holy place, as we rede,
The deuyl wold had of stonys bred.

c. 1470, William Wey, The Itineraries, page 14:

(Christianity, obsolete) Alternative letter-case form of Quarantine: the Mount of Temptation where Jesus Christ supposedly fasted for 40 days, Jebel Quruntul near Jericho.


species

species (countable and uncountable, plural species or (rare, nonstandard) specieses)

species (plural)
specieses (nonstandard plural rare)

From Latin speciēs (“appearance; quality”), from speciō (“see”) + -iēs suffix signifying abstract noun. Doublet of spice.

(Christianity) Either of the two elements of the Eucharist after they have been consecrated.

espècie

the Eucharist after consecration in Catholicism


love

English: love

Scots: luve, lufe

Yola: loove

Inherited from Old English lufu, from Proto-West Germanic *lubu, from Proto-Germanic *lubō.

(Christianity) The Holy Spirit (or less often, God generally).


action

action (countable and uncountable, plural actions)

→ Arabic: أَكْشِن (ʔakšin)

→ Bulgarian: екшън (ekšǎn)

→ German: Action

→ Irish: aicsean

→ Hebrew: אקשן (akshn)

→ Japanese: アクション (akushon)

→ Korean: 액션 (aeksyeon)

→ Russian: экшн (ekšn)

From Middle English accion, from Old French aucion, acciun, from Latin āctiō(n) (“act of doing or making”), from āctus + action suffix -iō(n), perfect passive participle of agere (“do, act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti; see also act, active. By surface analysis, act + -ion.

der

The Action Sermon is quite simply, then, the eucharistic sermon.

2008, Duncan B. Forrester, Doug Gay, Worship and Liturgy in Context, scm Press, page 88:

(Christianity) A religious performance or solemn function, i.e. action sermon, a sacramental sermon in the Scots Presbyterian Church.


queen

Tok Pisin: kwin

desc

⇒ American Sign Language: G@Shoulder-PalmDown G@Abdomen-PalmDown

→ Burmese: ကွင်း (kwang:)

→ German: Queen

→ Japanese: クイーン (kuīn), クィーン (kwīn)

→ Korean: 퀸 (kwin)

→ Marshallese: kwiin

→ Sikaiana: kuini

→ Spanish: cuina

→ Thai: ควีน (kwiin)

From Middle English quene, queen, cwen, from Old English cwēn (“queen”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s (“woman”).
Cognate with Scots queen, wheen (“queen”), Old Saxon quān ("wife"; > Middle Low German quene (“elderly woman”)), Dutch kween (“woman past child-bearing age”), Swedish kvinna (“woman”), Norwegian kvinne (“woman”), Danish kvinde (“woman”), Icelandic kvon (“wife”), Gothic 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns, “wife”), Norwegian dialectal kvån (“wife”). Related to and possibly merged with and/or absorbed some senses of English quean, from Middle English quene, from Old English cwene (“woman; female serf, quean”), see quean. Generally eclipsed non-native Middle English regina (“queen”), borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”) (see Modern English regina). Doublet of quean and gyne.

gloss

"wife"; > Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">quene</i> (“elderly woman”)

cog

[…] and yet I will not ſay but amongſt duſt there is Pearle found, and in hard rockes Dyamonds of great value, and ſo amongſt many women there are ſome good, as that gracious and glorious Queene of all woman kinde the Virgin Mary the mother of al bliſſe, what wun her honour, but an humble minde and her paines and loue vnto our Sauiour Chriſt.

1620, Thomas Tell-Troth [pseudonym of Joseph Swetnam], The Araignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women: Or the Vanitie of Them, Choose You Whether, London, published 1807, retrieved 2022-01-14:

A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.

(Christianity) The Virgin Mary (especially in formulations such as Queen of Heaven, Queen of Glory).


regular

en-adj

regular (comparative more regular, superlative most regular)

more regular (comparative)
most regular (superlative)

/ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/

/ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/

[ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ]

From Middle English reguler, from Anglo-Norman reguler, Middle French reguler, regulier, and their source, Latin rēgulāris (“continuing rules for guidance”), from rēgula (“rule”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg- (“move in a straight line”).

register

not etymologically related but has semantic associations

regular clergy, in distinction from the secular clergy

A quarter of a million strong in 1680, the clergy was only half as large in 1789. The unpopular regular clergy were the worst affected.

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 201:

(Christianity) Bound by religious rule; belonging to a monastic or religious order (often as opposed to secular).


church

en-noun

church (countable and uncountable, plural churches)

Pijin: sios

Tok Pisin: sios

→ Hausa: cōcì

→ Hindi: चर्च (carc)

→ Limburgish: sjoeëtsj, sjuutsj

From Middle English chirche, from Old English ċiriċe (“church”), from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, an early borrowing of Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón), neuter form of κυριακός (kuriakós, “belonging to the lord”), from κύριος (kúrios, “ruler, lord”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”). Doublet of kirk.
additional etymological information
 For vowel evolution, see bury. Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón) was used of houses of Christian worship since circa 300 CE, especially in the East, though it was less common in this sense than ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “congregation”) or βασιλική (basilikḗ, “royal thing”). An example of the direct Greek-to-Germanic progress of many Christian words, possibly via the Goths; it was probably used by West Germanic people in their pre-Christian period. Cognate with Scots kirk (“church”), West Frisian tsjerke (“church”), Saterland Frisian Säärke (“church”), Dutch kerk (“church”), German Kirche (“church”), Danish kirke (“church”), Swedish kyrka (“church”), Norwegian Bokmål kirke, Norwegian Nynorsk kyrkje (“church”), and Icelandic kirkja (“church”). Also picked up by Slavic, via Old High German chirihha (compare Old Church Slavonic црькꙑ (crĭky), Bulgarian църква (cǎrkva), Russian це́рковь (cérkovʹ)). Romance and Celtic languages use descendants of Latin ecclēsia.

der

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

at church every time the doors swing open

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class VI § 983a. Orthodoxy

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/39 § High Church

There is a lovely little church in the valley.

This building used to be a church before being converted into a library.

He got the message and was in church the next Sunday. We need to stay in church with the fellowship of others in order to keep the fire of faith burning brightly.

2007, John R. Dodd, Bucky and Friends, page 117:

(countable, Christianity) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place.


church

en-verb

church (third-person singular simple present churches, present participle churching, simple past and past participle churched)

churches (present singular third-person)
churching (participle present)
churched (participle past)
churched (past)

Thenne after this lady was delyuerd and chirched / there came a knyghte vnto her / his name was sire Bromel la pleche / the whiche was a grete lord and he hadde loued that lady longe / and he euermore desyred her to wedde her / and soo by no meane she coude putte hym of

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “Tercium”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XI (in Middle English):

Nor did it [the Church] accept that the woman should stay indoors until she had been churched.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 36:

(transitive, Christianity, now historical) To conduct a religious service for (a woman after childbirth, or a newly married couple).


Yahweh

Deuteronomy 6:4; Jarai translation from Hră Ơi Adai Pơhiăp 2016 (JBSV) version; 2021 English translation based on the New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition
Hơmư̆ bĕ Ơ ƀing Israel: Yahweh jing Ơi Adai ta, hơjăn Yahweh yơh jing Ơi Adai ta sĭt.
Hear, O Israel: Yahweh is our God; Yahweh alone.


non

nonet (definite singular)
non (indefinite plural)
nona (definite plural)

From Old Norse nón, from Latin nona (hora) (“ninth hour”). Akin to English noon and nones.

Nonshøa

toponym common in Oppdal and Upper Gudbrandsdal

Nonsfjell

toponym, almost not used in Eastern Norway

Nonfjell

toponym, used only in Western and Southern Norway


non

nōn (canonical neuter)
nōn (nominative singular)
nōn (accusative singular)
nōnes (genitive singular)
nōne (dative singular)

desc

Middle English: non, none, noon, noun, noune

English: noon

(Christianity) Nones, the religious service appointed to this hour


kingdom

English: kingdom

Scots: kingdom

From Old English cyningdōm, from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz. Equivalent to king + -dom.
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz
Proto-West Germanic *kuningadōm
Old English cyningdōm
Middle English kingdom

etymon

(Christianity) The dominion and authority of God


see

English: see

Borrowed from Old French sei, from Latin sedes.


NT

Coordinate term: OT

(Christianity) Initialism of New Testament.


tract

From Middle English tract, tracte, traht (“a treatise, exposition, commentary”), from Old English traht, tract (“a treatise, exposition, commentary, text, passage”); and also from Middle English tract, tracte (“an expanse of space or time”); both from Latin tractus (“a haul, drawing, a drawing out”), the perfect passive participle of trahō. Doublet of trait.

der

(Roman Catholicism) Part of the proper of the liturgical celebration of the Eucharist for many Christian denominations, used instead of the alleluia during Lenten or pre-Lenten seasons, in a Requiem Mass, and on a few other penitential occasions.


person

Nigerian Pidgin: pesin

From Middle English persoun, personne et al., from Anglo-Norman parsone, persoun et al. (Old French persone (“human being”), French personne), and its source Latin persōna (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword from Etruscan 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu, “mask”). In this sense, displaced native man, which came to mean primarily "adult male" in Middle English; see Old English mann. Doublet of parson and persona.

чолові́к m (čolovík) (now only means male (man) or husband)

yura

specifically a human being — see also human, human being, man

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class III § 372. Mankind

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 3. Substantiality

three persons and one God

1892, Book of Common Prayer, The Litanie:

An individual who has been granted personhood; usually a human being.

(Christianity) Any one of the three hypostases of the Holy Trinity: the Father, Son, or Holy Spirit.

أُقْنُوم

Christianity: any one of the three hypostases of the God


Espírito Santo

(Christianity) Holy Ghost; Holy Spirit (one of the three figures of the Holy Trinity)


child

enm-noun

child (plural children or childre or child or childres, dative childe)

children (plural)
childre (plural)
child (plural)
childres (plural)
childe (dative)

English: child

Scots: child; chield

From Old English ċild, from Proto-Germanic *kelþaz.

(Christianity) The Christ child; Jesus as a child.


minister

Pijin: minista

→ Hausa: ministà

From Middle English ministre, from Old French ministre, from Latin minister (“an attendant, servant, assistant, a priest's assistant or other under official”), from minor (“less”) + -ter; see minor. Doublet of Minorite.

der

The minister said a prayer on behalf of the entire congregation.

(Protestantism) A person who is trained to preach, to perform religious ceremonies, and to afford pastoral care at a Protestant church.

predikant

person who is trained to perform religious ceremonies at a Protestant church

(Roman Catholicism) A person (either a layperson or an ordained clergy member) who is commissioned to perform some act on behalf of the Catholic Church.

thừa tác viên

person who is commissioned to perform some act on behalf of the Catholic Church


minister

pl-noun

minister m pers (female equivalent minister or ministerka, abbreviation min.)

minister (feminine)
ministerka (feminine)
min. (abbreviation)
minister (nominative singular)
ministrowie (nominative plural)
ministry (derogatory nominative plural)
ministra (genitive singular)
ministrów (genitive plural)
ministrowi (dative singular)
ministrom (dative plural)
ministra (accusative singular)
ministrów (accusative plural)
ministrem (instrumental singular)
ministrami (instrumental plural)
ministrze (locative singular)
ministrach (locative plural)
ministrze (singular vocative)
ministrowie (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish minister. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from French ministre.

sl

(obsolete, Protestantism) minister (a person who is trained to preach, to perform religious ceremonies, and to afford pastoral care at a Protestant church)

(obsolete, Protestantism) Protestant evangelist, Protestant preacher

(obsolete, Roman Catholicism) abbot, prior (high-ranking member of a monastery)

(obsolete, Roman Catholicism) minister (assistant in a Jesuit cloister)

(obsolete, Roman Catholicism) head of a Franciscan cloister

(Middle Polish, Roman Catholicism, derogatory, ironic) heretical priest; supporter of heresy

(Middle Polish, Roman Catholicism) Catholic preacher


father

Ireland, Canada, California, Western Pennsylvania, older New York City

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr
Proto-Germanic *fadēr
Proto-West Germanic *fader
Old English fæder
Middle English fader
English fatherFrom Middle English fader, from Old English fæder, from Proto-West Germanic *fader, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr, possibly from *peh₂- + *-tḗr. Doublet of ayr, faeder, padre, pater, and père.

doublet

it is a wise child that knows his own father

In proceeding in this fashion, the fathers assembled at Pisa were following the generally accepted canonistic teaching of the day […]

2003, Francis Oakley, The Conciliarist Tradition: Constitutionalism in the Catholic Church, 1300–1870, →ISBN, pages 37–8:

On the part of the fathers of the synod, over 50 bishops, from every continent, spoke on different ‘group forms’ of the lay apostolate, whereas about 38 fathers made their own interventions in writing to the General Secretary.

2009, Peter Chidi Okuma, Empowerment of the Catholic Laity in the Nigerian Political Situation […], →ISBN, page 177:

Remember that the fathers of Vatican II had rejected the first draft of the constitution on revelation entirely.

2014, Ronald D. Witherup, The Word of God at Vatican II: Exploring Dei Verbum, →ISBN, page 31:

(Christianity) A member of a church council.


kind

From Middle English kynde, kunde, cunde, icunde, from Old English cynd, ġecynd (“inherent nature, disposition, kind, gender, generation, race”), from Proto-West Germanic *kundi, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, related to Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race, kin”) and Old English cennan (“to bear, give birth”). Cognate with Old High German gikunt (“nature, kind”), Icelandic kind (“race, species, kind”). Doublet of gens, genesis, and jati. See also kin.

cog

perpetual motion machine of the first kind

perpetual motion machine of the second kind

(Christianity) Each of the two elements of the communion service, bread and wine.


uba

head

uba (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute tuba, R1 ruba, R2 tuba)

Nheengatu: uba

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tup (“father”), from Proto-Tupian *t͡sup (“father”).
Cognate with Guaraní túva.

inh+

(Christianity, Late Tupi) godfather (man present at the christening of a baby)


perfect

From Middle English perfit, from Old French parfit (modern: parfait), from Latin perfectus, perfect passive participle of perficere (“to finish”), from per- (“through, thorough”) + facere (“to do, to make”). Spelling modified 15c. to conform to Latin etymology. Doublet of parfait.
Displaced native Old English fulfremed.

(historical, Christianity) A leader of the Cathar movement.


virtue

en-noun

virtue (countable and uncountable, plural virtues)

/ˈvɜː.t͡ʃuː/

From Middle English vertu, virtue, borrowed from Anglo-Norman vertu, virtu, from Latin virtus (“manliness, bravery, worth, moral excellence”), from vir (“man”). Doublet of vertu. See virile. In this sense, displaced Old English cræft, whence Modern English craft.

der

Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Virtues, Powers; / For in possession such, not only of right, / I call ye, and declare ye now […].

1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(Christianity) A creature embodying divine power, specifically one of the orders of heavenly beings, traditionally ranked above angels and archangels, and below seraphim and cherubim.


hear

head

hear c (plural hearen, diminutive hearke)

Wêr de Geast fan de Hear is, der is frijheid.

Wherever the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.


translate

en-verb

translate (third-person singular simple present translates, present participle translating, simple past and past participle translated)

translates (present singular third-person)
translating (participle present)
translated (participle past)
translated (past)
translate (infinitive)

[ˈtʃɹʷɛ̃nzɫæe̯ʔ(t)]

From Middle English translaten (“to transport, translate, transform”), from Anglo-Norman translater, from Latin trānslātus, perfect passive participle of trānsferō (“to transport, carry across, translate”).
In this sense, displaced Old English wendan (“to translate,” also the word for “to turn” and “to change”).

traduir

to change (something) from one form or medium to another

транслирам

to move (something) from one place or position to another

Iohn Fiſher Biſhop of Rocheſter, when the King [Henry VII of England] would have tranſlated him from that poore Biſhopricke to a better, he refuſed, saying: He would not forſake his poore little olde wife, with whom he had ſo long lived.

1605, M. N. [pseudonym; William Camden], “Grave Speeches, and Wittie Apothegms of Woorthie Personages of This Realme in Former Times”, in Remaines of a Greater Worke, Concerning Britaine, […], London: […] G[eorge] E[ld] for Simon Waterson, →OCLC, page 220:

One hall called Civil Law Hall or School, flouriſhed about this time (though in its buildings decayed) by the care of the learned and judicious Dr. Will[iam] Warham Principal or Moderator thereof; which he leaving this year (having before had ſeveral Deputies therein) becauſe of his preferment to the ſee of London, became void for ſome time. The year following the ſaid Warham was tranſlated to Canterbury, [...]

1792, Anthony à Wood, The History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford, […], volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Gutch, →OCLC, page 661:

Senses relating to a change of position.

(transitive, archaic) To move (something) from one place or position to another; to transfer.

(transitive, Christianity) To transfer a bishop or other cleric from one post to another.

siirtää

to transfer a bishop or other cleric from one post to another

By faith Enoch was tranſlated, that he ſhould not ſee death; and was not found, becauſe God had tranſlated him: For before his tranſlation he had this teſtimonie, that he pleaſed God.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 11:5, column 2:

He [Vitus Theodorus] was called to be a Paſtor at Norinberg, his own country, [...] till it pleaſed God to put an end to his labors, by tranſlating him out of this vale of tears into his Everlaſting Kingdom, Anno Chriſti 1549.

1654, Samuel Clark[e], “The Life of Vitus Theodorus, who Dyed Anno Christi 1549”, in The Marrow of Ecclesiastical History, […], 2nd edition, London: […] T. V. and are to be sold by William Roybould […], →OCLC, page 323:

And afterwards Thou [God] receivedst Seth and Enoch, and Enoch Thou translatedst; for Thou art the Creator of men, the Fountain of Life, the Supplier of Want, the Giver of Laws, the Rewarder of them that keep them, the Avenger of them that transgress them.

1873, Thomas Wimberley Mossman, quoting Pope Clement I (in translation), “The Genuine and Supposititious Writings of St. Clement”, in A History of the Catholic Church of Jesus Christ: From the Death of Saint John to the Middle of the Second Century: […], London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 58:

(transitive, Christianity) Of a holy person or saint: to be assumed into or to rise to Heaven without bodily death; also (figurative) to die and go to Heaven.


愛

From Middle Chinese 愛 (MC 'ojH).
Compare modern Mandarin 愛／爱 (ài).


lam

lammet (definite singular)
lam (indefinite plural)
lamma (definite plural)

(by extension, Christianity, figurative) Christ as sacrificial lamb


citizen

From Middle English citeseyn, citezein, borrowed from Anglo-Norman citesain (“burgher; city-dweller”), citezein etc., probably a variant of cithein under influence of deinzein (“denizen”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French citeain etc. and citaien, citeien etc. ("burgher"; modern French citoyen), from cité ("settlement; cathedral city, city"; modern French cité) + -ain or -ien (“-an, -ian”). See city and hewe.

first-class citizen

person who is legally recognized as a member or resident

(Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian.


icon

From Latin īcōn, from Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). Eastern Orthodox Church sense is attested from 1833. Computing sense first recorded in 1982.

Last week the Archdiocese sent emmissaries to investigate the icon and decided that the tears were not a hoax, Father Koufos said.

1986 December 22, “‘Weeping Virgin’ Icon Draws Throngs To Chicago”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(religion, especially Eastern Christianity) A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels.


god

god (nominative singular)
god (nominative plural)
godes (genitive singular)
goda (genitive plural)
gode (dative singular)
godum (dative plural)
godem (dative plural)
god (accusative singular)
god (accusative plural)

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: God

Saterland Frisian: God

West Frisian: god, God

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *god.

THer era godes ſynre liauer moder Maria alle des himelſche heerſchipes.

c. 1485, Freeska Landriucht [The Law of the Frisian Land], page 1:

In honour of god, his mother Mary, all the heavenly hosts.


vocal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-vocal.wav

Late Middle English vocal, borrowed from Latin vōcālis (“uttering a voice, sounding, speaking”), from vōx (“a voice, sound, tone”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of vowel and vocalis. Compare Old French vocal.

af

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(Catholicism) A man in the Roman Catholic Church who has a right to vote in certain elections.


fallen

In the Augustinian period, however, sin was held to be a death-inflicting agent, implying that the fallen was dead, and had to be restored to life.

1873, James Strong with John McClintock, Cyclopaedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature, volume 5:

(countable, Christianity) One who has fallen, as from grace.


save

en-verb

save (third-person singular simple present saves, present participle saving, simple past and past participle saved)

saves (present singular third-person)
saving (participle present)
saved (participle past)
saved (past)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sl̥h₂-wós
Proto-Italic *salawos
Latin salvus
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin salvō
Latin salvāre
Old French sauverbor.
Middle English saven
English save
From Middle English saven, sauven, a borrowing from Old French sauver, from Late Latin salvāre (“to save”).

etymon

save one's breath to cool one's porridge

Jesus Christ came to save sinners.

(transitive) To prevent harm or difficulty.

(Christianity) To redeem or protect someone from eternal damnation.

спасявам

Christianity: to redeem or protect someone from eternal damnation


blud

sk-noun

blud m inan (genitive singular bludu, nominative plural bludy, genitive plural bludov)

bludu (genitive singular)
bludy (nominative plural)
bludov (genitive plural)
nominative
blud (singular)
bludy (plural)
genitive
bludu (singular)
bludov (plural)
dative
bludom (plural)
accusative
locative
blude (singular)
bludoch (plural)
instrumental
bludom (singular)
bludmi (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *blǫdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *blandás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ-.


flesh

English: flesh

Scots: flesch

Yola: vleash, vlesh

Inherited from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

der

(Christianity, theology) A communion wafer


angel

Middle Breton: ael, el

Breton: ael

Old Cornish: ail

Middle Cornish: êl, eyl, eal

Cornish: el

Middle Welsh: angel

Welsh: angel

Borrowed from Latin angelus. Parallel borrowing with Old Irish aingel.


mass

Catholic Church
Mass (disambiguation)
Roman Rite

From Middle English messe, masse, from Old English mæsse (“the mass, church festival”) and Old French messe, from Vulgar Latin *messa (“Eucharist, dismissal”), from Late Latin missa, noun use of feminine past participle of classical Latin mittere (“to send”), from ite, missa est (“go, (the assembly) is dismissed”), reanalyzed as "go, [that] is the missa", last words of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church.
Compare Dutch mis (“mass”), German Messe (“mass”), Danish messe (“mass”), Swedish mässa (“mass; expo”), Icelandic messa (“mass”). More at mission.

der

(Christianity) The Eucharist, now especially in Roman Catholicism.

(Christianity) Celebration of the Eucharist.

(Christianity, usually as the Mass) The sacrament of the Eucharist.


iconoclast

Borrowed from French iconoclaste, from Byzantine Greek εἰκονοκλάστης (eikonoklástēs, literally “image breaker”). By surface analysis, icon + -clast.

εἰκονοκλάστης

In the days of the early Christian church, people who opposed the veneration (reverence) of images were called iconoclasts.

2004, Eugene TeSelle, World Book Encyclopedia, 2004 edition (CD), Iconoclast:

(historical, Christianity) One who destroys religious images or icons, especially an opponent of the Orthodox Church in the 8th and 9th centuries, or a Puritan during the European Reformation.

պատկերամարտ

one who destroys religious images or icons


zucchetto

From zucca (“gourd, squash”) + -etto (diminutive suffix).

suffix

(Roman Catholicism) zucchetto, calotte (small skullcap worn by Roman Catholic clergy)


sheep

en-noun

sheep (countable and uncountable, plural sheep or (nonstandard, humorous or childish) sheeps)

sheep (plural)
sheeps (childish humorous nonstandard plural)

desctree

Tok Pisin: sipsip (reduplication)
→ Rotokas: sipisipi

→ Abenaki: azib (from "a sheep")

→ Chuukese: siip

→ Coeur d'Alene: sip

→ Quiripi: sheeps

Inherited from Middle English schep, schepe, from Anglian Old English sċēp, a variant of sċēap, from Proto-West Germanic *skāp, from Proto-Germanic *skēpą , of unknown origin.
Perhaps from the same Scythian word (compare Ossetian цӕу (cæw, “goat”), Persian چپش (čapiš, “yearling goat”)) which was borrowed into Albanian as cjap, sqap (“buck”) and into Slavic (compare Polish cap). After Kroonen, *skēpą is instead from the root of Proto-Germanic *skabaną (“to scratch”) via Kluge's law.
See also West Frisian skiep, North Frisian schäip, Dutch schaap, German Schaf), beside Proto-Germanic *keppô (compare Old Norse kjappi (“buck”), dialectal German Kippe (“newborn calf”)).

don't teach your grandmother to steal sheep

one may as well hang for a sheep as a lamb

1990, Dave Mustaine, "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due", Megadeth, Rust in Peace.
And fools like me, who cross the sea and come to foreign lands / Ask the sheep, for their beliefs do you kill on God's command?

(countable, chiefly Christianity, chiefly plural) A religious adherent, a member of a congregation or religious community (compare flock).


abato

eo-head

abato (accusative singular abaton, plural abatoj, accusative plural abatojn)

abaton (accusative singular)
abatoj (plural)
abatojn (accusative plural)

From English abbot, German Abt, Italian abate, Russian аббат (abbat), all from Latin abbas (“father”). Compare Ido abado and Interlingua abbate.

La modesteco decas kun la kuraĝo, respondis sentence la abato, kiel ĝi decas kun la talento, li aldonis, sin turnante al Ludoviko, kiu sin klinis.

1907, Henri Vallienne, Kastelo de Prelongo, page 8:

Modesty goes with courage, answered the abbot in a sentence, as it goes with talent, he added, turning to Louis, who bowed.


sang

sangas (nominative plural)
sang (nominative singular)
sangas (nominative plural)
sang (accusative singular)
sangas (accusative plural)
sanges (genitive singular)
sanga (genitive plural)
sange (dative singular)
sangum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: song, sange, sang, songe, soong, songge, zang, zong, zonge (Kent)
English: song
Scots: song, sang
Yola: zong

From Proto-Germanic *sangwaz. Cognate with Old High German sanc, Old Norse sǫngr.


acolyte

From Middle English acolite, acolit, from Old French acolyt and Late Latin acolythus, from Ancient Greek ἀκόλουθος (akólouthos, “follower, attendant”).

der

(Christianity) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic Church, being ordained to carry the wine, water and lights at Mass.

acòlit

Catholic church: highest of the minor orders; ordained to carry wine, water and lights at the Mass


impose

en-verb

impose (third-person singular simple present imposes, present participle imposing, simple past and past participle imposed)

imposes (present singular third-person)
imposing (participle present)
imposed (participle past)
imposed (past)
impose (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Late Middle English imposen (“to place, set; to impose (a duty, etc.)”), borrowed from Middle French imposer, and Old French emposer, enposer (“to impose (a duty, tax, etc.)”) (modern French imposer), from im-, em- (variants of en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’)) + poser (“to place, put”), modelled after:
* Latin impōnere, the present active infinitive of impōnō (“to place or set (something) on; (figurative) to impose (a duty, tax, etc.)”), from im- (variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘on, upon’)) + pōnō (“to place, put; etc.”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *tḱey- (“to cultivate; to live; to settle”)); and
* Latin impositus (“established; put upon, imposed”), the perfect passive participle of impōnō: see above.
The noun is derived from the verb.

der

[Jesus] ſaid to them, Suffer the litle children to come vnto me, and prohibit them not, for the kingdom of God is for ſuch. […] And embracing them, and impoſing hands vpon them, he bleſſed them.

1582, The Nevv Testament of Iesus Christ: […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Rheims: Iohn Fogny, →OCLC, Marke 10:14 and 16, page 113:

[W]hen Iſraell bleſſed Ephraim and Manaſſes Ioſephs ſonnes, hee impoſed vpon them his hands and prayed, […]

1597, Richard Hooker, “Of Confirmation after Baptisme”, in J[ohn] S[penser], editor, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, book V, section 66, page 351:

[T]hat the Apoſtolate might be ſucceſſive and perpetuall, Chriſt gave them a povver of ordination, that by impoſing hands on others they might impart that povver vvhich they receiued from Chriſt.

1642, Jer[emy] Taylor, “§ 3. With a Power of Joyning Others and Appointing Successors in the Apostolate.”, in Of the Sacred Order, and Offices of Episcopacy, by Divine Institution, Apostolicall Tradition, & Catholike Practice. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Leonard Lichfield, printer to the University, →OCLC, page 13:

(archaic) To physically lay or place (something) on another thing; to deposit, to put, to set.

(Christianity) To lay or place (one's hands) on someone as a blessing, during rites of confirmation, ordination, etc.

siunata

to lay or place (one’s hands) on someone as a blessing


simple

Inherited from Middle English symple, simple, from Old French and French simple, from Latin simplex (“simple”, literally “onefold”) (as opposed to duplex (“double”, literally “twofold”)), from semel (“the same”) + plicō (“I fold”). See same and fold. Compare single, singular, simultaneous, etc.
Partially displaced native English onefold.

(Roman Catholicism) A feast which is not a double or a semidouble.


cake

English: cake (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: kyek

Scots: cake

Yola: caake, kaake

From Old Norse kaka, from Proto-Germanic *kakǭ.

A cake (any sort of flat doughy food):
(Christianity, rare) A communion wafer.

A cake (any sort of flat doughy food):
A communion wafer.


empire

English: empire

Scots: empire

Borrowed from Old French empire, empere, from Latin imperium, inperium (“command, control, dominion, sovereignty, a dominion, empire”), from imperare, inperare (“to command, order”), from in (“in, on”) + parare (“to make ready, order”). Doublet of emperie.

(rare, Christianity) God's kingdom in the heavens.


heaven

en-noun

heaven (countable and uncountable, plural heavens)

horror

antonym(s) of “blissful place or experience”

From a wide variety of Middle English forms including hevene, heven, hevin, and hewin (“heaven, sky”), from Old English heofon, heofone (“heaven, sky”), from Proto-West Germanic *hebn (“heaven, sky”), of uncertain origin.
Cognate with Scots heiven, hewin (“heaven, sky”), Middle Dutch heven (“sky, heaven”), Low German Heven (“heaven, sky”), Middle High German heben (“sky, heaven”), and possibly the rare Icelandic and Old Norse hifinn (“heaven, sky”), which are all probably dissimilated forms of the Germanic root which appears in Old Norse himinn (“heaven, sky”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “heaven, sky”), Old Swedish himin, Old Danish himæn and probably also (in another variant form) Old Saxon himil, Old Dutch himil (modern Dutch hemel), and Old High German himil (German Himmel).
Accepting these as cognates, some scholars propose a further derivation from Proto-Germanic *himinaz (“cover, cloud cover, firmament, sky, heaven”).

سَمَاء

سَمَاوَات pl (samāwāt)

فَلَك

أَفْلَاك pl (ʔaflāk)

And there was a battel in heauen. Michael & his Angels foght againſt the dragon, and the dragon foght & his Angels. But they preuailed not, nether was their place founde anie more in heauen.

Conſider firſt that the excommunicated Prelate ſaith... Kings are not immediatly from God, as by any ſpeciall Ordinance ſent from Heaven by the miniſtery of Angels and Prophets, there were but ſome few ſuch, as Moſes, Saul, David, etc.

1644, Samuel Rutherford, Lex, Rex: The Law and the Prince, V 16:

Better to reign in Hell, then serve in Heav'n.

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, line 263:

Christ's coming from the heavens has entered into the life of humanity as the Founder of the world to come.

(religion) The abode of God or the gods, traditionally conceived as beyond the sky; especially:

(Christianity, usually capitalized) The abode of God and of the angels and saints in His presence.

Teache the people to gett heuen with fastynge.

1544, Richard Tracy, A supplycacion to our moste soueraigne lorde Kynge henry the eyght Kynge of England of Fraunce and of Irelande, section C:

...what I speake
My body shall make good vpon this earth,
Or my diuine soule answer it in heauen.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene 1]:

Wee haue a great high Priest, that is passed into the heauens.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 4:14:

(religion) The afterlife of the blessed dead, traditionally conceived as opposed to an afterlife of the wicked and unjust (compare hell); specifically:

(Christianity, Islam) Paradise, the afterlife of the souls who are not sent to a place of punishment or purification such as hell, purgatory, or limbo; the state or condition of being in the presence of God after death.

سَمَاء f جَنَّة f فِرْدَوْس

سَمَاوَات pl (samāwāt)


Abelite

(Christianity, historical) Synonym of Abelian.


神

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (神):
* → Japanese: 神(しん) (shin)
* → Korean: 신(神) (sin)
* → Vietnamese: thần (神)

→ Chadong: sən²

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hlin): semantic 示 (“god; deity”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin, “lightning”).
Originally 申 in the oracle bone script and in some bronze inscriptions. The ancients feared the unpredictable lightning and considered it to be divine or of divine origin. 示 was added for specialization.
Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ग्लीङ्ह (gliŋh, “spirit, mind, soul”) (Schuessler, 2007).

cog-lite

And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 1:3

Shén shuō: “Yào yǒu guāng”, jiù yǒu le guāng.

神說：「要有光」，就有了光。

神说：「要有光」，就有了光。

God has taken his place in the divine council; …

和合本 (Héhéběn) (Chinese Union Version), 詩篇 (Psalms) 82:1

Shén zhàn zài yǒuquánlìzhě de huì zhōng,......

神站在有權力者的會中，……

神站在有权力者的会中，……

(religion) god; deity; spirit
(Protestantism, specifically) God


神

Ainu language
Japanese language
Korean language
Kyūjitai
Old Japanese language
Proto-Japonic language
Shinjitai

⟨kami₂⟩ → */kamɨ/ → /kami/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kamui.
Not related to 上 (kami₁ → kami, “top, upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”).
Often appears in compounds as kamu- or kan-, indicating that kami is an unbound form deriving from */kamui/. Such apophony has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, ma-, “eye”) or 酒 (sake, saka-, “sake, liquor”). See also WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.
Compare Korean 검 (geom, “god, spirit”) and Ainu カムイ (kamuy, “god”).


colloquy

en-noun

colloquy (countable and uncountable, plural colloquies)

soliloquy

antonym(s) of “a conversation of multiple people”

From Middle English colloquies pl, from Latin colloquium (“conversation”), from com- (“together, with”) (English com-) + form of loquor (“speak”) (from which English locution and other words). Doublet of colloquium.

(Christianity) A church court held by certain Reformed denominations.

Religionsgespräch

Christianity: church court held by certain Reformed denominations


worship

worship (usually uncountable, plural worships)

Inherited from Middle English worschippe, worthschipe, from Old English weorþsċiepe. Cognate with Scots worschip (“worship”).

inh+

(Christianity, specifically, Catholicism, especially) The adoration (or latria) owed to God alone, as greater than the hyperveneration / hyper-veneration (or hyperdulia) that is given to Saint Mary only and the veneration (or dulia) accorded to all other Roman Catholic saints.


constitution

PIE word
 *ḱóm
From Middle English constitucioun, constitucion (“edict, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, statute; body of laws or rules, or customs; body of fundamental principles; principle or rule (of science); creation”) from Old French constitucion (modern French constitution), a learned borrowing from Latin cōnstitūtiō, cōnstitūtiōnem (“character, constitution, disposition, nature; definition; point in dispute; order, regulation; arrangement, system”), from cōnstituō (“to establish, set up; to confirm; to decide, resolve”). Equivalent to constitute + -ion.

(Catholicism) A document issued by a religious authority serving to promulgate some particular church laws or doctrines.


dry

en-adj

dry (comparative drier or dryer, superlative driest or dryest)

drier (comparative)
dryer (comparative)
driest (superlative)
dryest (superlative)

wet

antonym(s) of “abstinent from or banning alcohol”

wet

antonym(s) of “not using afterburners or water injection”

wet

of a scientist or lab: doing computation

Sranan Tongo: drei

[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯]

Adjective and noun from Middle English drye, dryge, drüȝe, from Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgī, *draugī, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz, *draugiz (“dry, hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). The verb derives from Middle English drien, from Old English drȳġan (“to dry”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”).
cognates and related terms
 Cognate with Scots dry, drey (“dry”), North Frisian drüg, driig, Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”), West Frisian droech (“dry”), Dutch droog (“dry”), Low German dröög (“dry”), German dröge (“dull”), Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”). Related also to German trocken (“dry”), West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”), Danish drøj (“tough”), Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”), Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”), Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”). See also drought, drain, dree.

cog

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

(Christianity) Of a mass, service, or rite: involving neither consecration nor communion.


syn

syn (nominative singular)
syny (dual nominative)
synové (nominative plural)
syni (nominative plural)
syna (genitive singular)
synú (dual genitive)
synóv (genitive plural)
synovi (dative singular)
synu (dative singular)
synoma (dative dual)
synóm (dative plural)
syna (accusative singular)
syny (accusative dual)
syny (accusative plural)
synu (singular vocative)
syny (dual vocative)
synové (plural vocative)
syni (plural vocative)
synu (locative singular)
synú (dual locative)
syniech (locative plural)
synem (instrumental singular)
synoma (dual instrumental)
syny (instrumental plural)

Czech: syn


syn

Polish: syn

Silesian: syn

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sy̑nъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Slawa oczczu y sinowi (filio), y swøtemu duchu

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 1, 8:

(Christianity, attested in Lesser Poland) Son


manga

From Spanish manga (“sleeve”). Doublet of manche.

Black Cat (manga)
manga (disambiguation)

(Christianity) A covering for a crucifix.


但

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)a(n/j) (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 單 (OC *taːn, “single”).


丹

𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
㐤
𮯱


主

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (主):
* → Japanese: 主(しゅ) (shu)
* → Korean: 주(主) (ju)
* → Vietnamese: chủ (主)

→ Proto-Tai: *ɕɤwꟲ (“master”)

desc

Lao: ເຈົ້າ (chao, “lord, master, owner”)

Thai: เจ้า (jâao, “lord, master, owner”)

→ Vietnamese: chúa (主, “retired father of a king”), Chúa (主, “Lord”)

Pictogram (象形). Three distinct forms can observed in ancient scripts, all of which have merged into the same character in modern script:
A lamp or torch with a flame at the top. Original form of 炷.
Wood (木, now 王) on fire.
A spirit tablet. Same character as 示.
Unrelated to the right component of 往 (< 𢓸).
Unclear. Compare Tibetan ཇོ་བོ (jo bo, “elder brother, nobleman, lord”), Tibetan ཇོ་མོ (jo mo, “mistress, lady, goddess”), Tibetan ཐུ། (thu, “chief”), Proto-Monic *(d)ndooʔ (“to teach, to instruct; headman”), and Thai โจก (jòok, “leader, chief”) (Schuessler, 2007)
Also compare Burmese အတို့ (a.tui., “honorific personal pronoun”).


particle

From Middle French particule, and its source, Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).

uder

Grammatical particle
Particle (ecology)
particle

أَدَاة

word that does not obviously belong to any particular part of speech

អព្យយ

ʼappyĕəʼyĕəʼ

gravitationally interacting massive particle

super weakly interacting massive particle

(Christianity) In the Roman Catholic church, a crumb of consecrated bread; also the smaller breads used in the communion of the laity.


塔

塔 (canonical)
tō (romanization)
tafu (romanization)
たふ (hiragana historical)

/tapu/ → /taɸu/ → */tawu/ → /tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/
From Middle Chinese 塔 (MC thap, “tower, pagoda, spire”).
An abbreviation for 卒塔婆 (sotoba, sotōba), a transliteration of Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa, “heap”).

align

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塔は下から組め

no good building without a good foundation; build a tower from the bottom up


塔

塔 (canonical)
-tō (romanization)
-tafu (romanization)
たふ (hiragana historical)


postulate

en-verb

postulate (third-person singular simple present postulates, present participle postulating, simple past and past participle postulated)

postulates (present singular third-person)
postulating (participle present)
postulated (participle past)
postulated (past)

From Medieval Latin postulāt- (“asked”), from the verb postulāre (“to ask”), from Latin postulō (“request”).

[A]lthough Douglas was postulated to it [the Abbacy of Arbroath], and signed letters and papers under this designation his nomination […] was never completed.

1874, John Small, editor, The Poetical Works of Gavin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, volume 1, page xvi:

(transitive, intransitive, Christianity, historical) To appoint or request one's appointment to an ecclesiastical office.


information

en-noun

information (usually uncountable, plural informations)

/ˌɪn.fəˈmæɪ.ʃən/

From Middle English informacion, enformacion, borrowed from Anglo-Norman informacioun, enformation, Old French information, from Latin īnfōrmātiō (“formation, conception; education”), from the participle stem of īnformāre (“to inform”).

der

information and communications technology


cardinal

en-noun

cardinal (countable and uncountable, plural cardinals)

From Middle French cardinal, from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from cardin-, cardō (“hinge”) + -ālis, adjectival suffix.

der

His uncle, a Cardinal, engages a Spanish youth of Moorish descent called Diego, an expert singer and player on the virginal, to unlock the secrets of the heart,[…]and cure him by the spell of his music.

1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 16, in Friday's Business:

(Roman Catholicism) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope.


cardinal

cardinaliaid (plural)
cardinal
gardinal (soft)
nghardinal
chardinal

From English cardinal, from Middle French cardinal (“cardinal”), from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from Latin cardō (“hinge”).

(Roman Catholicism) cardinal (Roman Catholic official)


diurnal

From Latin diurnālis, from diēs (“day”). Doublet of journal.

(Catholicism) A book containing canonical offices performed during the day, hence not matins.


子

Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – an image of a baby, with a large head and spread arms. The legs are wrapped in a blanket. Compare with 了, where the arms are wrapped, and 㜽, in which a lock of hair is visible on top. Compare also 棄 and 毓, in which the image of the baby is reversed upside-down.
The big seal script form is much more elaborate, showing a baby with hair on a head (囟) and arms on the two sides of the body, sitting on a stool (几).
See also the right component of 保.
;child
:From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa ~ za (“child, offspring, relatives; to come forth (as child at birth); to love; loving”).
:Cognate with 字 (OC *zlɯs, “character; letter”), 慈 (OC *zɯ, “loving; kind”), 滋 (OC *ʔsɯ, “to grow, to breed, to propagate, to bring about, to increase”), 孳 (OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯs, “to breed, to propagate”).
;first earthly branch
:In oracle bone and Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, 子 was the sixth earthly branch; the first earthly branch was denoted differently. One of the forms survived in Shuo Wen (𢀇) (Matsumaru, 2015).
:Smith (2011) proposed this character is 甾. Observing that 甾 is closely linked with 緇 "dark, stained", 淄 "murky (water)", 菑 "field cleared by burning" (all pronounced *tsrə), Smith (2011) proposes that initially the first earthly branch 甾 (OC *ts[r]əʔ) denoted the new moon phase and meant "darkened, voided, the darkened stage". Additionally, Smith (2011) proposes that 子 (OC tsəʔ), which originated from a Sino-Tibetan root meaning "to come forth", denoted the moon's "coming forth" stage (i.e. early waning-gibbous phase).
:Sometime in Warring States period, a change occured that 子 became the first earthly branch and 巳 (OC *s-ləʔ) filled the void of the sixth earthly branch (Matsumaru, 2015), "due to phonological closeness (combined with the semantic opacity of the Branch terms at later eras)" (Smith, 2011).
:Association with the rat was possibly arbitrary, analogous to how 辰, the fifth earthly branch, was arbitrarily associated with the dragon (Ferlus, 2013).

och-l

㜽
𡿹
𡐫
𣕓
𰱤
𢀇
𢀈
𠙭
𢀉

Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 馬太福音 (Matthew) 28:19

Suǒyǐ, nǐmen yào qù, shǐ wànmín zuò wǒ de méntú, fèng Fù, Zǐ, Shènglíng de míng gěi tāmen shīxǐ.

所以，你們要去，使萬民作我的門徒，奉父、子、聖靈的名給他們施洗。

所以，你们要去，使万民作我的门徒，奉父、子、圣灵的名给他们施洗。


collect

From Middle English collecte, from Ecclesiastical Latin collēcta (“assembly; collect”), originally designating the gathering at the beginning of a liturgical celebration.

der

He used the day's collect as the basis of his sermon.

Book of Common Prayer
Book of Common Prayer

(Christianity) The prayer said before the reading of the epistle lesson, especially one found in a prayerbook, as with the Book of Common Prayer.

resumpreĝo

prayer said before reading of the epistle lesson


牧

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 牛 (“cow”) + 攴 (“a whip”) – to herd.
Cognate with Tibetan འབྲོག་པ། ('brog pa, “herdsman; nomad; shepherd”) (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

聘牧

按牧


父

From Old Japanese 父 (titi), from Proto-Japonic *titi.
Still in modern usage.

父上

honourable father; chichiue, term in respect primarily used in writing

父親

father; chichioya, specifically as someone's parent


腓

腓立比書 腓立比書#Chinese

腓立比书 腓立比书#Chinese

(Protestantism) Short for 腓立比書／腓立比书 (Féilìbǐshū, “the book of Philippians”).


flock

From Middle English flok, from Old English flocc (“flock, company, troop”), from Proto-West Germanic *flokk, from Proto-Germanic *flukkaz (“crowd, troop”). Cognate with Middle Low German vlocke (“crowd, flock”), Danish flok (“flock”), Swedish flock (“flock”), Norwegian flokk (“flock”), Faroese flokkur (“flock”), Icelandic flokkur (“flock, group”). Related also to Norman fliotchet (“flock, crowd”), from Old Norse. Perhaps related to Old English folc (“crowd, troop, band”). More at folk.

cog

(Christianity) A religious congregation.


flock

From Old Swedish flokker, flukker, from Old Norse flokkr, from Proto-Germanic *flukkaz. Cognate with Faroese flokkur, Icelandic flokkur, Norwegian flokk, and Danish flok.

a flock (group of animals (or people, by extension, often emphasizing lack of independence or the like))


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

Archbishop of Canterbury
w:Archbishop of Canterbury

(Christianity, informal) Initialism of Archbishop of Canterbury.


ABC

(Christianity) Initialism of Anglican Book Centre: the publishing house and bookshop of the Anglican Church of Canada until 2013.


肉

From Middle Chinese 肉 (MC nyuwk). Compare modern Hokkien 肉 (jio̍k / lio̍k), Teochew 肉 (ne̍k), or Hakka 肉 (ngiuk⁷).

鳥肉

meat of a bird, in particular meat of a chicken

(Christianity) refers to humans themselves, their world, and their sins, as opposed to their spirit


聖

Phono-semantic matching of English saint, from Latin sanctus.

(Catholicism) prefix added to the names of saints


良

Pictogram (象形). Possibly depicts corridors and a room, in which case it would be the original form of 廊. See also the top component of 复. Unrelated to 食 and 即.
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l(j)a(k/ŋ) (“good, beautiful”).


host

From Middle English host, oist, ost, from Old French hoiste, from Latin hostia (“sacrificial victim”). Doublet of hostie.

Do you pray to the Holy Ghost when you suck your host? / Do you read who's dead in the Irish Post?

1978, John Lydon (lyrics and music), “Religion II”, performed by Public Image Ltd.:

(Christianity) The consecrated bread of the Eucharist.

նշխար

consecrated bread — see also communion wafer


due

dua (definite singular)
duen (definite singular)
duer (indefinite plural)
duene (definite plural)

From Old Norse dúfa (“dove, pigeon”), from Proto-Germanic *dūbǭ (“dove, pigeon”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“hazy, unclear, dark; deep”). Cognate with Danish due, Swedish duva, Icelandic dúfa, Dutch duif, German Taube, English dove. The sense “politician favouring conciliation” is a semantic loan from English dove.

[Jesus] så Guds ånd komme ned over seg som en due

(Can we date this quote?), The Bible, Matt 3,16:

[Jesus] saw the Spirit of God coming down upon him like a dove

Guds klarheds due sidder skjult; ve, aldrig over mig den dalte

The dove of God's clarity sits hidden; woe, never upon me it fell

(zoology) a dove or pigeon; culver (one of several birds of the family Columbidae, which consists of more than 300 species)

(Christianity) a symbol of the Holy Spirit


lavatory

From Middle English lavatorie, from Late Latin lavātōrium, from Latin lavāre (“to wash”) + -ium (forming places related to an activity). Doublet of lavatorium. As a place to pan gold, via Spanish lavadero. See also lave.

A vessel or fixture for washing, particularly:

(Christianity) A piscina: the basin used for washing communion vessels.

(Christianity) A lavabo: the basin used for washing one's hands before handling the Eucharist.

(Christianity, usually figurative) A baptismal font: the basin used for baptism, used figuratively for the washing away of sins.

(Christianity) The lavabo: the ritual washing of hands before handling the eucharist.

(Christianity) The ritual washing of hands after using the piscina to clean the communion vessels.


農

In its current form, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 曲 + 辰 (“field”). Top unrelated to 曲, and previously two hands, one on either side of a bundle 田 – a farmer bringing goods to market, from the field 辰.
Probably Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 耨 (OC *noːɡs, *nuːɡ, “hoe, rake; to weed”), possibly derived from it with the terminative suffix *-ŋ for action with a goal, i.e. "to get a field hoed" > "cultivated"; compare 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”) from 無 (OC *ma, “(there is) no”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Huang (2000), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same etymon as 儂 (OC *nuːŋ, “person, I, me”). See there for more.


δυτικός

dytikós (romanization)
δυτικοί (plural)
δυτικός (nominative singular)
δυτικοί (nominative plural)
δυτικού (genitive singular)
δυτικών (genitive plural)
δυτικό (accusative singular)
δυτικούς (accusative plural)
δυτικέ (singular vocative)
δυτικοί (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Koine Greek δῠτικός (dutikós). Morphologically δύω (dýo) + -τικός (-tikós). In the proper senses, semantic loan from French occidental and English western.

lbor

(Christianity) Western Christian (Roman Catholic or Protestant Christian)


order

en-noun

order (countable and uncountable, plural orders)

→ Swahili: oda

From Middle English ordre, from Old French ordre, ordne, ordene (“order, rank”), from Latin ōrdinem, accusative of ōrdō (“row, rank, regular arrangement”, literally “row of threads in a loom”), from Proto-Italic *ordō (“to arrange”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂or-d-, from *h₂er-.
Related to Latin ōrdior (“begin”, literally “begin to weave”). In sense “request for purchase”, compare bespoke. Doublet of ordo.

cog

There have been many major and minor orders in the history of Christianity: the order of virgins, of deacons, priests, lectors, acolytes, porters, catechists, widows, etc.

to take orders or holy orders means to be ordained a deacon or priest

(Christianity) An ecclesiastical rank or position, usually for the sake of ministry, (especially, when plural) holy orders.


bishop

Tok Pisin: bisop

→ Hawaiian: pīhopa

→ Japanese: ビショップ

→ Kannada: ಬಿಷಪ್ (biṣap)

→ Korean: 비숍 (bisyop)

→ Maori: pīhopa

→ Thai: บิชอป (bì-chɔ́p)

From Middle English bischop, bishop, bisshop, biscop, from Old English bisċop (“bishop”), from Proto-West Germanic *biskop, from Vulgar Latin (e)biscopus, from classical Latin episcopus (“overseer, supervisor”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”), from ἐπί (epí, “over”) + σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”), used in Greek and Latin both generally and as a title of civil officers. Cognate with all European terms for the position in various Christian churches; compare bisp.

аҷҟәандар

church official, supervisor of priests and congregations

titular bishop

as over a diocese without a congregation

King James of blessed memory said, no Bishop, no King: it was not he, but others that added, No Ceremony, no Bishop.

1641, “Smectymnuus”, in Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr., §16. 208:

St. Ignatius... In his 'Epiſtle to the Magneſians,' he exhorts them to do all things in the love of God, telling them, the Biſhop preſides in the place of God...

1715, William Hendley, A Defence of the Church of England, section 16:

These ministers were at first confined to the three orders of bishops, priests, and deacons.

1845, J. Lingard, Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church, 3rd edition, I. iv. 146:

It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer in the Church is called indifferently ‘bishop’ ἐπίσκοπος and ‘elder’ or ‘presbyter’ πρεσβύτερος.

1868, Joseph Barber Lightfoot, St. Paul's epistle to the Philippians, section 93:

The Jubilee Mass had a special solemnity due to the presence of two exiled Chinese bishops—Thomas Cardinal Tien, Archbishop of Peking, and Bishop Joseph Yuen, of Chu-ma-tien, Honan—as well as the recently named bishop of Taichung, Formosa, Most Rev. William Kupfer, MM, who was in the United States to attend the Maryknoll General Chapter.

2013, Maureen Abbott, New Lights from Old Truths: Living the Signs of the Times, volume IV, Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 375:

(Christianity) An overseer of congregations: either any such overseer, generally speaking, or (in Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism, etc.) an official in the church hierarchy (actively or nominally) governing a diocese, supervising the church's priests, deacons, and property in its territory.

The Caliphaes of the Sarasins were kings and chiefe bishops in their religion.

1586, Pierre de la Primaudaye, translated by Thomas Bowes, The French Academie, I. 633:

The Byshop of Egypt is called the Souldan.

1615, William Bedwell, Arabian Trudgman in translating Mohammedis Imposturæ, sig. N4

[…] which explains the beheading of the Muslim Bishop of Lisbon, soon after the Reconquista.

2001, José Carlos Valle Pérez, Jorge Rodrigues, El arte románico en Galicia y Portugal, page 254:

The [holder of the office of] Imam [of Monrovia] is commonly referred to, both in conversation and in the press, as ‘the Muslim Bishop’.

2018, Merran Fraenkel, Tribe and Class in Monrovia, page 139:

(religion, nonstandard) A similar official or chief priest in another religion.


bishop

en-verb

bishop (third-person singular simple present bishops, present participle bishoping or bishopping, simple past and past participle bishoped or bishopped)

bishops (present singular third-person)
bishoping (participle present)
bishopping (participle present)
bishoped (participle past)
bishoped (past)
bishopped (participle past)
bishopped (past)

Se bisceop biþ gesett... to bisceopgenne cild.

Wanne the bisschop, bisschopeth the
Tokene of marke he set on the.

The Marquis of Buckingham and his wife were both bishopped, or confirmed by the Bishop of London.

1622, W. Yonge, Diary, published 1848, section 50:

Harding and Saunders Bishop it in England.

1655, T. Fuller, Church-hist. Brit., ix. 81:

Here too physical effects were vulgarly attributed to the ceremony… as evidenced by the case of the old Norfolk woman who claimed to have been ‘bishopped’ seven times, because she found it helped her rheumatism.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 35:

(Christianity) To act as a bishop, to perform the duties of a bishop, especially to confirm another's membership in the church.

Why sent they it by Felton to be bishoped at Paules?

1596, W. Warner, Albions Eng., x. liv. 243:

He... chose to bear The Name of Fool confirm'd, and Bishop'd by the Fair.

1700, Boccaccio, “Cymon & Iphigenia”, in John Dryden, transl., Fables, section 550:

(by extension, jocularly, obsolete) To confirm (in its other senses).

1549, H. Latimer, 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie, 5th Serm. sig. Pviv
Thys hathe bene often tymes... sene in preachers before they were byshoppyd or benificed.

There may be other... matters to occupy the thoughts of one about to be bishopped.

Italy would be well bishoped if her episcopacy... did not exceed fifty-nine.

(Christianity, rare) To provide with bishops.


asterisk

/ˈæstəˌɹɪsk/

The New York Times
The New York Times Company

The noun is derived from Middle English asterisk [and other forms], from Late Latin asteriscus (“asterisk; small star”), from Ancient Greek ἀστερῐ́σκος (asterískos, “asterisk; small star”), from ᾰ̓στήρ (astḗr, “celestial body (star, planet, and other lights in the sky such as meteors)”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- (“to burn; to glow”)) + -ῐ́σκος (-ískos, diminutive suffix).
Sense 1.1.2 (“something which is of little importance or which is marginal”) refers to the use of an asterisk to denote a footnote or marginal note in a text; in other words, information that is not important enough to be incorporated into the main text. Sense 1.1.3 (“blemish in an otherwise outstanding achievement”) refers to the use of an asterisk in a sporting record to indicate that the record is qualified in some manner (for example, that the sportsperson was found to have taken performance-enhancing drugs at the time).
The verb is derived from the noun.

tähti

small star; something resembling or shaped like a star

Then he [the deacon] reverently covereth the holy Cup with the veil. Likewise he placeth the Asterisk upon the holy Diskos, and the veil over it, and saith the following prayer with the Priest, silently, […]

1866, John Chrysostom, “Liturgy of the Catechumens”, in [anonymous], transl., Service of the Divine and Sacred Liturgy of Our Holy Father John Chrysostom. […], London: Joseph Masters, […], →OCLC, pages 69–70:

The asterisk is one of the sacred objects used in the Byzantine rite. It is placed on the paten to protect the Eucharistic bread from contact with the special veil that covers it. The name derives from the shape of the object and symbolically recalls the Biblical words: "And the star came and stood above where the child was" […] [Matthew 2:9].

1962, Marvin C. Ross, “Copper”, in Catalogue of the Byzantine and Early Mediaeval Antiquities in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection, volume 1 (Metalwork, Ceramics, Glass, Glyptics, Painting), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Trustees for Harvard University, published 1970, →OCLC, paragraph 89, page 73:

The diskos, then, typifies the heavens, and for that reason, it is round, and holds the Master of heaven. What is called the ‘asterisk’ represents the stars, especially the one at the birth of Christ, just as the veils represent the firmament, the swaddling clothes, the shroud, and the burial cloths.

2013, Bryan D[ouglas] Spinks, quoting Symeon of Thessalonica (in translation), “The Eucharist and Anaphoras of the Byzantine Synthesis”, in Do This in Remembrance of Me: The Eucharist from the Early Church to the Present Day (SCM Studies in Worship and Liturgy), London: SCM Press, →ISBN, page 126:

(dated) A small star; also (by extension), something resembling or shaped like a star.

(Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism) An instrument with radiating arms resembling a star which is placed over the diskos (or paten) used during the Eucharist to prevent the veil covering the chalice and diskos from touching the host on the diskos.

tähti

instrument with radiating arms placed over the diskos used during the Eucharist


abbé

abbéen (definite singular)
abbeen (definite singular)
abbéer (indefinite plural)
abbeer (indefinite plural)
abbéene (definite plural)
abbeene (definite plural)

From French abbé (“abbot; honorific given to priests”), from Old French [Term?], from Latin abbās, abbātem, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), alternative form of ἀββα (abba, “father; title of respect given to abbots”) from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father, teacher, chief”), from Proto-Semitic *ʔabw- (“father”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔab-, ultimately an onomatopoeic nursery word.
Doublet of abbed and abba.

der

(Christianity) an abbé (a French abbot, the (male) head of an abbey)


OF

(Roman Catholicism) Initialism of Ordinary Form.


道

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (道):
* → Japanese: 道(どう) (dō)
* → Korean: 도(道) (do)
* → Vietnamese: đạo (道)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uːʔ): semantic 辵 (“walking”) + phonetic 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).
Possibly derived from 導 (OC *duːs, “to go along, to bring along, to conduct”):
* > "to explain" > "to talk about", and
* > "road, way".
Possibly cognate with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”) (White Hmong kev (“road”)). See also 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus).

och-l

噵
衜
衟
𡬹
𨔞
𨕐
𨕥
𨖁
𨗓

道成肉身

講道

讲道

(Christianity) sermon (Classifier: 堂 m c)


vat

Inherited from Middle English vat, a dialectal variant of fat (“vat, vessel, cask”), from Old English fæt (“vat, vessel”), from Proto-West Germanic *fat, from Proto-Germanic *fatą (“vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *pod- (“vessel”).
Cognate with Scots fat, vat, vautt (“vat, cask, tub”), West Frisian fet, Dutch vat (“barrel, cask, vessel, vat”), German Fass (“barrel, keg, drum, cask, vat”), Danish fad (“saucer, dish”), Swedish fat (“dish, barrel, cask, vat”), Icelandic fat (“dish, saucer”). See fat.

cog

(Roman Catholicism) A vessel for holding holy water.


Christian name

(Christianity) A first name formally given to a child at a Christian baptism.


alb

From Middle English aube, awbe, albe, abbe, from Late Old English albe (but later reinforced by Old French aube, Medieval Latin alba), borrowed from Latin alba (as in tunica alba (“white tunic”), vestis alba (“white garment”)), feminine of albus (“white”).

der

‘The confidence of the very rich,’ thought Father Carter watching Binkie shaking out albs and cottas and calling rather loudly to the organist.

1978, Jane Gardam, God on the Rocks, Abacus, published 2014, page 131:

(Christianity, chiefly Anglicanism, Roman Catholicism) A long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.

alba

a long white robe worn by priests and other ministers


communion

en-noun

communion (countable and uncountable, plural communions)

From Middle English communion, from Old French comunion, from Ecclesiastical Latin commūniō (“communion”), from Latin commūnis.

der

It is with the day of her first communion that this narrative of mine begins.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

(Roman Catholicism) A form of ecclesiastical unity between the Roman Church and another, so that the latter is considered part of the former.


evangelist

From Old French evangeliste, equivalent to evangel + -ist, from ecclesiastical Latin evangelista, from ecclesiastical Ancient Greek εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs, “bringer of good news”), from εὐαγγελίζεσθαι (euangelízesthai, “to evangelize”), from εὐάγγελος (euángelos, “bringing good news”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + ἀγγέλλειν (angéllein, “to announce”).

uder

εὐαγγελιστής

(Christianity) An itinerant or special preacher, especially a revivalist, who conducts services in different cities or locations, now often televised.


evangelist

nl-noun

evangelist m (plural evangelisten, diminutive evangelistje n)

evangelisten (plural)
evangelistje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: evangelist

From Middle Dutch ewangeliste, from Old French evangeliste, from Latin ēvangelista, from Ancient Greek εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs). Equivalent to evangelie + -ist.

der

εὐαγγελιστής

(Christianity) an evangelist, an author of one of the gospels

(Protestantism) a preacher in an evangelical church


Eucharist

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Eucharist.wav

From Middle English eukarist, from Old French, from Ecclesiastical Latin eucharistia, from Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía, “gratitude, giving of thanks”). Displaced native Old English hūsl.

(Christianity) The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion.


consecrate

en-verb

consecrate (third-person singular simple present consecrates, present participle consecrating, simple past and past participle consecrated)

consecrates (present singular third-person)
consecrating (participle present)
consecrated (participle past)
consecrated (past)

Borrowed from Latin cōnsecrāre, cōnsecrātus.

(transitive, Roman Catholicism, specifically) To ordain as a bishop.


sacrament

From Middle English sacrament, from Old French sacrement, from Ecclesiastical Latin sacrāmentum (“sacrament”), from Latin sacrō (“hallow, consecrate”), from sacer (“sacred, holy”), originally sum deposited by parties to a suit.

der

Coordinate term: ordinance

Priest: I'm sorry, it's Duncan Dirk Dick. I've just done it. / Father: Well, undo it. / Priest: Undo it? / Father: Yes. / Priest: This is a holy sacrament of the Church, not a bleeding hotel reservation. You can't just undo it.

1989 February 10, Stephen Fry et al., “Christening”, in A Bit of Fry and Laurie, season 1, episode 5:

(Christianity) A sacred act and the attendant ceremony, considered (theology) an outward sign of divine grace.


sacrament

Negerhollands: sacrament

→ Indonesian: sakramen

From Old French sacrament, from Ecclesiastical Latin sacrāmentum (“sacrament”), from Latin sacrō (“hallow, consecrate”), from sacer (“sacred, holy”), originally sum deposited by parties to a suit.


ministry

From Middle English mynisterie, borrowed from Old French menistere, in turn borrowed itself from Latin ministerium; equivalent to minister + -y.

(Christianity) The clergy of nonapostolic Protestant churches.

the present ministry of the Holy Spirit

(Christianity) Work of a spiritual or charitable nature.


protestant

sh-noun

protèstant m (Cyrillic spelling протѐстант)

protèstant (canonical masculine)
протѐстант (Cyrillic)
protèstant (nominative singular)
protestanti (nominative plural)
protestanta (genitive singular)
protèstanātā (genitive plural)
protestantu (dative singular)
protestantima (dative plural)
protestanta (accusative singular)
protestante (accusative plural)
protestante (singular vocative)
protestanti (plural vocative)
protestantu (locative singular)
protestantima (locative plural)
protestantom (instrumental singular)
protestantima (instrumental plural)


alter

head

alter n (singular definite altret or alteret, plural indefinite altre)

altret (definite singular)
alteret (definite singular)
altre (indefinite plural)
alter (indefinite nominative singular)
altret (definite nominative singular)
alteret (definite nominative singular)
altre (indefinite nominative plural)
altrene (definite nominative plural)
alters (genitive indefinite singular)
altrets (definite genitive singular)
alterets (definite genitive singular)
altres (genitive indefinite plural)
altrenes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse altari, from Old Saxon altari, from Late Latin altare (“altar”). Cognate with English altar and German Altar.

(Christianity) altar, the ritual space of a Christian church.


blessed

en-adj

blessed (comparative more blessed, superlative most blessed)

more blessed (comparative)
most blessed (superlative)

condemned

antonym(s) of “having divine aid, or protection, or other blessing”

(Roman Catholicism) A title indicating the beatification of a person, thus allowing public veneration of those who have lived in sanctity or died as martyrs.

блажен

In Catholicism, a title indicating the beatification of a person


mission

en-noun

mission (countable and uncountable, plural missions)

Learned borrowing from Latin missiō, missiōnem (“a sending, sending away, dispatching, discharging, release, remission, cessation”).

lbor

(countable, Catholicism) An infrequent gathering of religious believers in a parish, usually part of a larger regional event with a central theme.


Americanism

en-noun

Americanism (countable and uncountable, plural Americanisms)

Moreover, the enthusiasm with which Hecker’s ideas had been received among Catholic liberals in France served to increase Leo XIII’s suspicion that Americanism was yet another attempt, not so very different from the Gallicanisms of the past, to assert the independence of a national church from Rome.

1999, Michael W. Cuneo, The Smoke of Satan: Conservative and Traditionalist Dissent in Contemporary American Catholicism, →ISBN, page 8:

(Roman Catholicism) A putative current of Catholicism in the United States identified and condemned as heretical by Rome in the late 19th century, chiefly characterized by support for secularism and American institutions above Catholic doctrine.


Lutheran

en-adj

Lutheran (comparative more Lutheran, superlative most Lutheran)

more Lutheran (comparative)
most Lutheran (superlative)

From the surname of German theologian and ecclesiastical reformer Martin Luther (1483–1546) + -an. Probably immediately from Renaissance Latin Lutheranus, or German Lutheraner.
Luther is from an Old High German given name, from liut (“people”) + heri (“army”) (from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“army; commander, warrior”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóryos (“war; troops”), from *ker- (“army”)).

der

A Lutheran understanding of the Lord’s Supper is not the same as that of other denominations.

[I]f when Luther firſt began to teach new doctrine, the catholiks at that time had not vouchſafed to giue him the hering, but had auoided his prechings & preuy couenticles, ther had not bin now in the worlde, either Lutheran, Swinglian, Calueniſt, Puritan, Anabaptiſt, Trinetarie, Family of loue, Adamite, or the lyke: whereof now there are ſo many thouſands abroad, al ſpringing of that firſt ſecte, and troubling at this day the whole worlde, […]

1581, D. Fulke [i.e., William Fulke], A Briefe Confutation, of a Popish Discourse: Lately Set Forth, and Presumptuously Dedicated to the Queenes Most Excellent Maiestie: By Iohn Howlet [pseudonym; Robert Persons], or Some Other Birde of the Night, vnder that Name. Contayning Certaine Reasons, why Papistes Refuse to Come to Church, which Reasons are here Inserted and Set Downe at Large, with Their Generall Answeres, London: Printed [by Thomas Dawson] for George Byshop, →OCLC, folio 12, recto and verso:

On the borders of that river [the Volga] 104 colonies have ſettled, conſiſting of Germans, who emigrated to thoſe parts in the years of dearth and famine. Theſe colonies have already three Calviniſt, and four Lutheran ministers.

1798 August, “Extract of a Letter from the Rev. Mr. Gunther, Minister at Wodonoy Bujerack, in the Russian Government of Saratow, on the Wolga, in Asia, to the Rev. Dr. Burckhardt, London”, in The Evangelical Magazine, volume VI, London: Printed by and for T. Chapman, No. 151 Fleet-Street, →OCLC, page 309:

[A] number of Lutheran priests were involved in the activities of the EHS [Estonian Heritage Society]. The EELC [Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church] identified itself again as 'the people's church' and stressed the connection between the Lutheran Church and Estonian national identity, although the alleged connection with radical nationalism is an exaggeration.

2015, Ringo Ringvee, “Religion and Nation-building in Estonia: Some Perspectives on Secular Society”, in Greg Simons, David Westerlund, editors, Religion, Politics and Nation-building in Post-Communist Countries (Post-Soviet Politics), Farnham, Surrey, Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing, →ISBN, page 151:

(Christianity) Of or pertaining to the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546) or his followers, or the Lutheran church.

лютэранскі

pertaining to the theology of Martin Luther or his followers, or the Lutheran church


Lutheran

The split between the Lutherans and the Roman Catholics began with the Edict of Worms in 1521.

[I]f you had bene but ſo conuerſante in Caluine [John Calvin] as your profeſsion requireth, you could not ſo far haue bene ouerſeene in this eaſie diſtinction knowen to Catholike, Lutheran and Zuinglian, although when Caluine wrote thus, perhaps he was more then halfe a Lutheran, and not ſo far gone in Zuinglianiſme as after.

1583, William Rainolds [i.e., William Reynolds], “VVherein is Refelled^([sic – meaning Repelled?]) M. VV. Ansvvere to Certaine Places of S[aint] Chrysostome Touching the Real Presence and Sacrifice”, in A Refvtation of Svndry Reprehensions, Cavils, and False Sleightes, by which M. [William] Whitaker Laboureth to Deface the Late English Translation and Catholike Annotations of the New Testament, and the Booke of Discouery of Heretical Corruptions, Paris: [s.n.], →OCLC, pages 222–223:

[…] George of Mecklenburg, a younger brother of the reigning Duke, an active and ambitious Prince, collected a conſiderable number of thoſe ſoldiers of fortune who had accompanied Henry of Brunſwick in all his wild enterprizes; and though a zealous Lutheran himſelf, invaded the territories of the Magdeburgers, hoping that, by the merit of this ſervice, he might procure ſome part of their domains to be allotted to him as an eſtabliſhment.

1772, William Robertson, “The Siege of Magdeburg [marginal note]”, in The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V, new edition, volume IV, London: Printed for W[illiam] Strahan; T[homas] Cadell, in the Strand; Edinburgh: J. Balfour, →OCLC, book X, page 40:

At this memorable Diet of Speyer (1529), a compact Roman Catholic majority faced a weak Lutheran minority. The Emperor, through his commissioners, declared at the outset that he abolished, "by his imperial and absolute authority (Machtvollkommenheit)," the clause in the ordinance of 1526 on which the Lutherans had relied when they founded their territorial Churches; it had been the cause, he said, "of much ill counsel and misundestanding." […] It was this ordinance which called forth the celebrated Protest, from which comes the name Protestant. The Protest was read in the Diet on the day (April 19th, 1529) when all concessions to the Lutherans had been refused.

1906, Thomas M[artin] Lindsay, “From the Diet of Speyer, 1526, to the Religious Peace of Augsburg, 1555”, in A History of the Reformation (International Theological Library), volume I (The Reformation in Germany from Its Beginning to the Religious Peace of Augsburg), New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons, →OCLC, pages 345–346:

(Christianity) A member of any of the Christian churches which identify with the theology of Martin Luther.

luterà

member of any Christian church identifying with the theology of Martin Luther