mental

c. 1727, from Latin mentum (“the chin”) + -al.

Audio (US)

(zootomy) A plate or scale covering the mentum or chin of a fish or reptile.


wing

en-noun

wing (countable and uncountable, plural wings)

wings (plural)
weng (alternative obsolete)
whing (alternative obsolete)
wyng (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English winge, wenge, from Old Norse vængr ("wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare vængi (“ship's cabin”)), from Proto-Germanic *wēingijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), thus related to wind. Cognate with Danish vinge (“wing”), Swedish vinge (“wing”), Icelandic vængur (“wing”).
Replaced native Middle English fither (from Old English fiþre, from Proto-Germanic *fiþriją), which merged with Middle English fether (from Old English feþer, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō). More at feather.

gl

"wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">vængi</i> (“ship's cabin”)

der

The bird was flapping its wings

(zootomy) An appendage of an animal's (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly.


gyre

Borrowed from Latin gȳrus (“circle; circular motion”), from Ancient Greek γῦρος (gûros, “circle; ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend; to curve”). The English word is a doublet of gyro and gyrus.

(anatomy, zootomy, archaic) Synonym of gyrus (“a fold or ridge on the cerebral cortex of the brain”).


嘴

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:くちばし

Originally from 口(くち) (kuchi, “mouth”) + 端(はし) (hashi, “tip; edge”). The hashi changes to bashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First attested around 850 CE.
The kanji is composed of 口(くち) (kuchi) and 觜(はし) (hashi, “beak; bill”). See also Etymology 2.

ja-com

1999 March 1, “スピック [Spick]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:

It frightens faint-hearted opponents with its blaring wails and massive bill.

くちばしがとても大きく、大声で鳴き気の弱い相手を驚かせる。

Kuchibashi ga totemo ōkiku, ōgoe de naki kinoyowai aite o odorokaseru.

1999 March 1, “ディッグ・ビーク [Dig Beak]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:

It attacks with its beak as its long body coils like a snake.

ヘビのように長い体をまるめ、回転しながらくちばしで攻撃。

Hebi no yō ni nagai karada o marume, kaiten shi nagara kuchibashi de kōgeki.

1999 October 17, “くちばしヘビ [Beaked Snake]”, in BOOSTER 5, Konami:

It attacks by pecking at its opponent with its huge beak while constricting them with its long body.

相手を長い体で締め上げ、大きなくちばしでつついて攻撃。

Aite o nagai karada de shimeage, ōkina kuchibashi de tsutsuite kōgeki.


嘴

Cognate with 端(はし) (hashi, “tip; edge”).


ile

īle (canonical neuter)
īlis (genitive)
īle (nominative singular)
īlia (nominative plural)
īlis (genitive singular)
īlium (genitive plural)
īlī (dative singular)
īlibus (dative plural)
īle (accusative singular)
īlia (accusative plural)
īlī (ablative singular)
īlibus (ablative plural)
īle (singular vocative)
īlia (plural vocative)
īleum (alternative)
īlium (alternative)

→ Albanian: ijë

French: iles

Romanian: ie

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliaris

Galician: illar

Old Spanish: ixar

Spanish: ijar, ijal

Portuguese: ilhal

Sardinian: iğğáre, illári

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliarica

Galician: illarga

Portuguese: ilharga

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *iliata

Catalan: illada

Spanish: ijada

desctree

→ French: jade
→ Catalan: jade
→ English: jade
→ German: Jade
→ Italian: giada
→ Portuguese: jade
→ Romanian: jad
→ Spanish: jade

Most likely from Ancient Greek εἰλεός (eileós, “colic”), from εἰλέω (eiléō, “throng, press”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“turn, wind, round”), same source as with Old Armenian գելում (gelum).

der

(chiefly in the plural, anatomy, zootomy) intestines, guts, entrails


pa

pas (plural)
pá (alternative)
paa (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese paa, from Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”).


bill

From Middle English bill, bil, bille, bile, from Old English bile (“beak (of a bird); trunk (of an elephant)”), of unknown origin. Perhaps from a special use of Old English bil, bill (“hook; sword”) (see below).

inh

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

The woosel cock so black of hue, With orange-tawny bill, The throstle with his note so true, The wren with little quill[…]

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], line 125:

[…] The flesh [of the mistletoe berry] is sticky, and forms strings and ribbons between my thumb and forefinger. For the mistletoe, this viscous goop – and by the way, viscous comes to English from viscum – is crucial. The stickiness means that, after eating the berries, birds often regurgitate the seeds and then wipe their bills on twigs – leading to the seeds' getting glued to the tree, where they can germinate and begin the cycle anew.

2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, page 7]”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2014-12-23:

(zootomy) The beak of a bird, especially when small or flattish; sometimes also used with reference to a platypus, turtle, or other animal.


acetabulum

en-noun

acetabulum (plural acetabulums or acetabula)

Learned borrowing from Latin acētābulum (“vinegar saucer, 1/48 congius”), from acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“-bule: a vessel for”).

lbor

(zootomy) The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its articulation with the body.

acetàbul

(zootomy) A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals.

(zootomy) The large posterior sucker of the leeches.

(zootomy) One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating animals.


acetabulum

la-noun

acētābulum n (genitive acētābulī); second declension

acētābulum (canonical neuter)
acētābulī (genitive)
acētābulum (nominative singular)
acētābula (nominative plural)
acētābulī (genitive singular)
acētābulōrum (genitive plural)
acētābulō (dative singular)
acētābulīs (dative plural)
acētābulum (accusative singular)
acētābula (accusative plural)
acētābulō (ablative singular)
acētābulīs (ablative plural)
acētābulum (singular vocative)
acētābula (plural vocative)
acetabulus (alternative)

→ Catalan: acetàbul

→ English: acetabulum

→ Esperanto: acetabulo

→ French: acétabule, acétabulum

Italian: acetabolo

→ Portuguese: acetábulo

→ Romanian: acetabul

→ Russian: ацетабул (acetabul)

→ Spanish: acetábulo

From acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“a vessel for”).

suffix

(zootomy) acetabulum, the suckers or cavities in the arms of polypi


torus

la-noun

torus m (genitive torī); second declension

torī (genitive)
torus (nominative singular)
torī (nominative plural)
torī (genitive singular)
torōrum (genitive plural)
torō (dative singular)
torīs (dative plural)
torum (accusative singular)
torōs (accusative plural)
torō (ablative singular)
torīs (ablative plural)
tore (singular vocative)
torī (plural vocative)
torum (alternative)
thorus (alternative)

Asturian: tueru

→ English: torus

French: toron, tore (borrowed)

→ Galician: toro

Italian: toro

→ Portuguese: toro

Spanish: tuero, toro (borrowed)

Of uncertain origin.
De Vaan proposes a tentative derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *torh₂-os, from *terh₂- (“to cross, go through”). This is formally and semantically solid, though there is little linguistic evidence to support it.
An older theory by Leumann derived the word from sternō (“to spread”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”), but the connection between the two Latin words is semantically dubious (one would expect torus to be derived from a verb meaning "to turn" or "to knot" rather than "to spread").

der

(zootomy, usually poetic) muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies

(transferred sense, botany) bulge, thickness of trees


horn

en-noun

horn (countable and uncountable, plural horns)

From Middle English horn, horne, from Old English horn, from Proto-West Germanic *horn, from Proto-Germanic *hurną. Compare West Frisian hoarn, Dutch hoorn, Low German Hoorn, horn, German Horn, Danish and Swedish horn, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn).
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-nó-m, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”). Compare Breton kern (“horn”), Latin cornū, Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras), Proto-Slavic *sьrna, Old Church Slavonic сьрна (sĭrna, “roedeer”), Hittite [script needed] (surna, “horn”), Persian سر (sar), Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”). Doublet of corn (“callus”), corno, and cornu.
(telephone): From the horn-shaped earpieces of old communication systems that used air tubes.

doublet

(countable, zootomy) A hard growth of keratin that protrudes from the top of the head of certain animals, usually paired.


sagitta

en-noun

sagitta (plural sagittas or (arrowworm) sagittae)

/səˈd͡ʒɪt.ə/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sagitta.wav

Borrowing from Latin sagitta (“an arrow, shaft, bolt”).

(zootomy) The larger of the two otoliths, or earbones, found in most fishes.


membrane

Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin membrāna (“skin or membrane that covers parts of the body”), from membrum (“a limb or member of the body”) + -āna. Doublet of membrana.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) A flexible enclosing or separating tissue forming a plane or film and separating two environments.

A mechanical, thin, flat flexible part that can deform or vibrate when excited by an external force.

Then they backed the membrane with a gel matrix containing a perfluorocarbon (PFC) propellant and fluorescent "nanobullets" about a micron wide, and hit it with ultrasound.

2016 January 14, Jessica Hall, “Nanoengineers build 'microcannons' that fire light-up bullets filled with drugs”, in ExtremeTech:

A flexible or semiflexible covering or waterproofing whose primary function is to exclude water.

(biology) A microscopic double layer of lipids and proteins forming the boundary of cells or organelles.


fin

Dutch language
German language
Latin language
Middle English language
Old English language
Old Irish language
Proto-Germanic language
Proto-Indo-European language
Swedish language
Tocharian A language
fin
fin (disambiguation)

From Middle English fin, from Old English finn, from Proto-Germanic *finnō, *finǭ (“dorsal fin”) (compare Dutch vin, German Finne, Swedish finne, fena), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pīn- (“backbone, dorsal fin”) (compare Old Irish ind (“end, point”), Latin pinna (“feather, wing, fin”), Tocharian A spin (“hook”).

der-lite

The fish's fins minimize water flow.

Then he commenced to talk, really talk. and inside of two flaps of a herring's fin he had me mesmerized, like Eben Holt's boy at the town hall show. He talked about the ills of humanity, and the glories of health and Nature and service and land knows what all.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(ichthyology, zootomy) One of the appendages of a fish, used to propel itself and to manoeuvre/maneuver.


ala

Borrowed from Spanish ala, from Latin āla.


genu

PIE word
 *ǵónu
Borrowed from Latin genu (“knee”).

A knee-like structure, in particular a bend in the corpus callosum of mammals.


vagina

en-noun

vagina (plural vaginas or vaginae or (obsolete) vaginæ)

vaginas (plural)
vaginae (plural)
vaginæ (obsolete plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wāgīnā
Latin vāgīnalbor.
English vagina
Learned borrowing from Latin vāgīna (“a sheath, scabbard; a covering, sheath, holder”).

lbor

زهگیر sg (zehgir, literally “semen-gatherer”)

(anatomy) A sex organ leading from the vulval vestibule/urogenital sinus to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and birth in female therian mammals.

(zootomy) A similar part in some invertebrates and non-mammalian amniotes.


vagina

la-noun

vāgīna f (genitive vāgīnae); first declension

vāgīna (canonical feminine)
vāgīnae (genitive)
vāgīna (nominative singular)
vāgīnae (nominative plural)
vāgīnae (genitive singular)
vāgīnārum (genitive plural)
vāgīnae (dative singular)
vāgīnīs (dative plural)
vāgīnam (accusative singular)
vāgīnās (accusative plural)
vāgīnā (ablative singular)
vāgīnīs (ablative plural)
vāgīna (singular vocative)
vāgīnae (plural vocative)
uāgīna (alternative)

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: vaina

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: bainha (“sheath”)
Galician: vaíña, baíña
Portuguese: bainha

Old Galician-Portuguese: (“pod”)

Fala: vaina

Galician: vaxa, gaxa, vaixa, varxa

Portuguese: vagem, vage, bagem

Spanish: vaina

⇒ Spanish: vainilla (see there for further descendants)

→ English: vanilla

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: beina

Occitan: gaina

Old French: guaïne

French: gaine

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: vèina

Italo-Romance:

Italian: guaina

Borrowings:

→ Old Irish: faigen

Irish: faighin

Manx: fine

Scottish Gaelic: faighean

→ Proto-Brythonic: *gwėɣin (see there for further descendants)

→ Afrikaans: vagina

→ Albanian: vaginë, vagjinë

→ Aragonese: vachina

→ Asturian: vaxina

→ Azerbaijani: vagina

→ Belarusian: вагіна (vahina)

→ Bulgarian: вагина (vagina)

→ Catalan: vagina

→ Czech: vagína

→ Danish: vagina

→ Dutch: vagina

→ English: vagina

→ Finnish: vagina

→ French: vagin (see there for further descendants)

→ Friulian: vagine, vazine

→ Galician: vaxina

→ Georgian: ვაგინა (vagina)

→ German: Vagina

→ Japanese: ワギナ (wagina)

→ Korean: 바기나 (bagina)

→ Northern Kurdish: vajîna

→ Indonesian: vagina

→ Italian: vagina

→ Latvian: vagīna

→ Macedonian: вагина (vagina)

→ Maltese: vaġina

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vagina

→ Occitan: vagina

→ Portuguese: vagina

→ Russian: ваги́на (vagína)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вагина

Latin script: vagina

→ Sicilian: vajina, vagina

→ Slovak: vagína

→ Slovene: vagina

→ Spanish: vagina

→ Swedish: vagina

→ Turkish: vajina

→ Ukrainian: вагіна (vahina)

→ Uzbek: vagina

→ Venetan: vaxina, vazina

→ West Frisian: fagina

→ Yiddish: וואַגינע (vagine)

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wāgīnā
Latin vāgīna
From Proto-Italic *wāgīnā (“sheath, scabbard”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wag- (“sheath, cover”). Tentatively cognate with Lithuanian vóžti (“to cover”).

etymon

vāgīna

inh

(transferred sense) the covering, sheath, holder of anything


jugular

/ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jʊl.ə/

/ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jəl.ɚ/

/ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.əl.ɚ/

Late 16th century borrowing from Late Latin jugulāris, from jugulum (“the collarbone; the hollow part of the neck above the collarbone; the throat”) + -āris (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to jugulum + -ar.

af

(zootomy, of fish) Having ventral fins attached under the throat.


costa

Unadapted borrowing from Latin costa (“a rib”). Doublet of coast.

ubor

(botany, zootomy) A riblike part of a plant or animal, such as a midrib of a leaf or a thickened vein or the margin of an insect wing.

(entomology) The vein forming the leading edge of most insect wings.


temporal

From Middle English, from Middle French timporal, temporal, from Late Latin temporālis, from tempora (“the temples of the head”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of temporalis.

af

(zootomy) Any of a reptile's scales on the side of the head between the parietal and supralabial scales, and behind the postocular scales.


nasal

From Middle English, from Medieval Latin nāsālis, from nāsus (“the nose”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of nasalis.

(zootomy) A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc.


lateral

en-adj

lateral (comparative more lateral, superlative most lateral)

more lateral (comparative)
most lateral (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin laterālis (“belonging to the side”), from latus (“the side or flank”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

The medial side of the knee faces the other knee, while the outer side of the knee is lateral.

A fish senses changes in hydrodynamic pressure with its lateral line.

To the side; of or pertaining to the side.

(anatomy, zootomy) Situated on one side or other of the body or of an organ, especially in the region furthest from the median plane.


spine

From late Middle English spyne, from Old French espine (French épine) or its source, Latin spīna (“a thorn; a prickle, spine; the backbone”). Doublet of spina.

der

If you attentively regard almost any quadruped's spine, you will be struck with the resemblance of its vertebrae to a strung necklace of dwarfed skulls.

1851, Herman Melville, chapter 80, in Moby-Dick:

The preposterous altruism too! […] Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXXIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 266:

(anatomy, zootomy) A series of bones situated at the back from the head to the pelvis of a human, or from the head to the tail of an animal, enclosing the spinal cord and providing support for the thorax and abdomen.

Trademark Owners will nevertheless try to dictate how their marks are to be represented, but dictionary publishers with spine can resist such pressure.

2001, Sydney I. Landau, Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 409:

रीढ़ की हड्डी

rīṛh kī haḍḍī

رِیڑھ کی ہَڈّی

rīṛh kī haḍḍī

The male, as Dr. Gunther informs me, has a cluster of stiff, straight spines, like those of a comb, on the sides of the tail.

1871, Charles Darwin, “chapter 12”, in Descent of Man, page 331:

(zootomy, botany, mycology) A pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, mushroom or plant.

espina

rigid, pointed surface protuberance or needle-like structure


cervix

la-noun

cervīx f (genitive cervīcis); third declension

cervīx (canonical feminine)
cervīcis (genitive)
cervīx (nominative singular)
cervīcēs (nominative plural)
cervīcis (genitive singular)
cervīcum (genitive plural)
cervīcī (dative singular)
cervīcibus (dative plural)
cervīcem (accusative singular)
cervīcēs (accusative plural)
cervīce (ablative singular)
cervīcibus (ablative plural)
cervīx (singular vocative)
cervīcēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: cerbice

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: serviu

Old French: cerviz ⇒ cervele, chervele (Picard)

Middle French: cevich

Old Occitan: cervitz ⇒ cervigal

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: cerviz

Spanish: cerviz

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cervice

Sicilian: cirbici

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: cèrvix

→ Dutch: cervix

→ English: cervix

→ Malay: serviks

→ Portuguese: cérvice, cérvix

→ Romanian: cervix

→ Spanish: cervix

According to one hypothesis, from Proto-Italic *kerweiks, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂(s)weyk-s, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-(s-) (“the head”) (compare cerebrum) and *weyk- (“to curve, bend”) (compare vinciō), literally “where the head turns”. De Vaan rejects this etymology, calling it "semantically very doubtful". For the hypothesized sense development, compare Proto-Slavic *vortъ (“neck”) from Proto-Slavic *vortiti (“to turn, return”), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”); Proto-Slavic *kъrkъ (“neck”) (<< Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)). Also compare collum.

m+

apta iugō cervīx nōn est feriendā secūrī:

The neck suitable for the yoke should not be struck by the axe:
may it live long and labor often in the hard soil.
(Agriculture dawns as Ceres teaches humans to yoke oxen to the plow and instead use other animals for sacrificial rites. See Ceres (mythology).)

levis odorato cervix manabit olivo

30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegies 3.17–18

Your smooth throat glistening with scented oil
the flowing robe will brush your naked feet.


labial

Borrowing from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of or pertaining to the lips”), from labium (“a lip”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to labium + -al.

af

The wound that does not kill Christ is the magical labial wound; it is the seal of the resurrection and an expression of the myth of eternal recurrence.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 109:

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or pertaining to the lips or labia.


labial

(zootomy) Any of the scales bordering the mouth opening of a reptile.


medial

en-adj

medial (comparative more medial, superlative most medial)

more medial (comparative)
most medial (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-medial.wav

Borrowed from Latin mediālis (“middle”), from medius (“that is in the middle or midst”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

среден

Her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) are torn and Vonn has a lateral fracture of the tibial plateau, the upper end of the tibia or shin bone.

2013 February 6, Jen Christiensen, “Vonn’s injury ‘career-delayer,’ not ‘career ender’”, in CNN:

Situated in or near the middle; not at either end.

(anatomy, zootomy) Pertaining to the inside; closer to the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ.


pleura

From Middle English, borrowed from Medieval Latin pleura.

(zootomy) A lateral part in an animal body or structure.


larynx

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-larynx.wav

Borrowed from New Latin larynx, from Ancient Greek λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lắrŭnx, “larynx; windpipe; gullet, throat”).

bor

Meronyms: epilarynx, hypolarynx, orolarynx

There is one thing, among abundance of others, in Anatomy, which has always much affected me with Admiration, [...] It is the Situation and Elaſticity of the Epiglottis, a ſoft Cartilaginous Cover to the Larynx, or Orifice of the Wind-pipe; that this Epiglottis ſhould, all a Man's life, be drawn up, for the Benefit of Reſpiration, and fall down and ſhut, whilſt every bit we eat, and every drop we drink, paſſes over it into the Gullet and Stomach; and that we ſhould ſo ſeldom have Occaſion to cough up a crum, or drop, that may accidentaly ſlip into the Larynx; [...]

1727, Walter Harris, “Section II. Of the Wonderful Works of God.”, in The Great and Wonderful Works of God Humbly Represented: And the Just and Equal Distributions of Providence Demonstrated. […], London: James Roberts […], →OCLC, pages 29–30:

The larynx is the instrument of the voice, of which the rima glottidis is the immediate organ. [...] The change of the voice from acute to grave at the time of puberty, when the larynx undergoes a remarkable development, as well as its acuteness in females, whose glottis is less by one third than that of man, shew that the size of the aperture has a great influence.

1809, William Nicholson, “PHYSIOLOGY”, in The British Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […], volume V (N … R), London: Printed by C[harles] Whittingham, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], →OCLC:

The differences in the voices of man and woman cannot but have been always obſerved; and their larynxes exhibit, on a merely ſuperficial inſpection, a great diſproportion in ſize.

1819, Abraham Rees, “LARYNX”, in The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. [...] In Thirty-nine Volumes, volume XX, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […] [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:

I hope to be understood as not implying that there is no peculiarity of the larynges and tracheæ, except in some genera; for I believe all have the admirable mechanism of the organ of voice differently constructed, with corresponding muscles, and distribution of nerves, producing those various modulations of sound so familiar to us, and destined for the excitement of love, as well as for other purposes.

1830 March 16, Joshua Brookes, “XXIX. On the Remarkable Formation of the Trachea In the Egyptian Tantalus”, in The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, volume XVI, London: Richard Taylor, […]; Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, […]; William Wood, […], published 1833, →OCLC, page 502:

The work on larynx transplantation has been discussed in the previous paragraphs. Corollary to this is the possible development of an artificial larynx which can be implanted just as an artificial heart might be implanted. Design of such larynxes might permit a quick solution to the problem of tissue rejection.

1968 April 25, John E. Bordley (witness), Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1969: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session: […], part 7 (Members of Congress, Interested Individuals and Organizations), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 259:

The ability of Red Deer stags to lower their larynx when roaring appears to be one of the exaggerators of formant dispersal, since the resting position of the male larynx is already lower than the typical mammalian position. [...] Size exaggeration provides an intriguing, non-linguistic explanation for the descent of the human larynx [...].

2003, John Maynard Smith, David Harper, “Indices of Quality”, in Animal Signals, Oxford, Oxforshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 2004, →ISBN, 4.2 Are Mammalian Sounds Reliable Indices of Size?, page 47:

Study of intubated larynges from infants of 22 to 40 weeks' gestation who survived a few hours to 300 days showed acute injury was almost invariable, and up to 100% of the subglottic epithelium was lost within a few hour of intubation, but progression of injury was relatively short-lived.

2015, George H. Zalzal, Robin Thomas Cotton, “Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis”, in Marci M. Lesperance, Paul W. Flint, Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology, Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders, Elsevier, →ISBN, 6: Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus, page 350, column 2:

(anatomy, zootomy) A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, as it houses the vocal cords, sound production.

laring

organ involved in breath control, protection of the trachea, and sound production

បំពង់កក្នុង

bɑmpʊəŋ kɑɑ knoŋ


frontal

Borrowed from New Latin frontālis, from frons (“the forehead, brow, front”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to front + -al; cognate of French frontal. Doublet of frontalis.

af

(zootomy) Any of the scales of a reptile that lie in the general region of the forehead, more specifically between the eyes and to the anterior of this area.


dorsal

en-adj

dorsal (comparative more dorsal, superlative most dorsal)

more dorsal (comparative)
most dorsal (superlative)
dossal (alternative)

From Late Middle English dorsal/dorsale, borrowing from Medieval Latin dorsālis (“of or relating to the back”), from dorsum (“the back”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to dorsum + -al.

ظَهْرِيّ

relating to the side in which the backbone is located

(anatomy, zootomy) With respect to, or concerning the side in which the backbone is located, or the analogous side of an invertebrate.

(anatomy) Relating to the top surface of the foot or hand.

背側 /背侧

relating to the top surface of foot or hand

(linguistics, of a sound) Produced using the dorsum of the tongue.


dorsal

(zootomy, in snakes) Any of the longitudinal series of plates that encircle the body, excluding the ventral scales.


pharynx

Borrowing from New Latin pharynx, from Ancient Greek φᾰ́ρῠγξ (phắrŭnx, “throat”).

der

(zootomy) The part of the alimentary canal immediately behind the mouth in invertebrates that may be thickened and muscular, eversible and toothed, or adapted as a suctorial organ.


stifle

The noun is derived from Middle English stifle (“joint between the femur and tibia of a quadruped”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, probably derived from Anglo-Norman estive (“leg”), and Old French estive (“leg”) (compare Old French estival (“boot, shoe”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

ref

From C[harles] J[ames] Korinek, A[lbie] W[illiam] Korinek (1915) “Diseases of the Horse: Cause, Symptoms and Treatment”, in Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry: Their Cause, Symptoms and Treatment, Portland, Or.: Korinek Remedy Company, →OCLC, page 10.

inh

(zootomy) The joint between the femur and tibia in the hind leg of various four-legged mammals, especially horses, corresponding to the knee in humans.


heterodont

/ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/

From hetero- (prefix meaning ‘different’) + -odont (suffix meaning ‘tooth; toothed’). Hetero- is derived from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “one or the other of two; different”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together; one”); while -odont is from Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth; tusk”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to bite”) + *-ónts (suffix forming nouns denoting body parts). By surface analysis, hetero- + -odont.

der

"On the Homologies and Notation of the Teeth of Mammalia," by W[illiam] H[enry] Flower, F.R.S. […] The classification and special homologies of the teeth of the heterodont mammals was next discussed.

1868, “Quarterly Chronicle of Microscopical Science”, in Edwin Lankester, George Busk, editors, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, volume VIII (New Series; volume XVI overall), London: John Churchill and Sons, […], →OCLC, pages 277–278:

The adaptation of the form of the teeth on both sides to this position, and the accurate adjustment of their contiguous surfaces, shows that it is a natural conformation. They are, moreover, of very nearly even height throughout the series, and in their configuration present a remarkable and gradual transition from the first incisor to the last molar, easily traced in both jaws, and more even and regular than in any other known heterodont mammal.

1873 June 19, William Henry Flower, “VI. On a Newly Discovered Extinct Ungulate Mammal from Patagonia, Homalodontotherium Cunninghami.”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, volume 164, London: […] Taylor and Francis, […], published 1874, →OCLC, page 175:

The few common characters by which the Edentata are associated are too well known to need repetition. The principal one is the abseance of any trace of the typical heterodont and diphyodont dentition, found in a more or less modified form in all other placental mammals.

1882 April 18, William Henry Flower, “On the Mutual Affinities of the Animals Composing the Order Edentata”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, number XXV, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 359:

[I]n many heterodont forms the teeth at the anterior end of the series of premolars and molars are small teeth, standing to the teeth behind them as the first terms of a series more or less regularly progressing in size.

1894, William Bateson, “Linear Series—continued”, in Materials for the Study of Variation Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 269:

The process of evolution of the specialised heterodont dentition of the Mammalia, or of the Theriodontia, from the simple homodont and polyphyodont dentition of the lower Reptilia would, I think, necessarily cause a reduction in number of the successional sets of teeth, due to an enlargement of one set and a consequent abstraction of growth, energy and material from the underlying sets.

1894 August 1, M. F. Woodward, “On the Succession and Genesis of Mammalian Teeth”, in W. H. Dolamore, editor, The Dental Record: A Monthly Journal of Dental Science, Art, and Literature, Devoted to the Interests of the Profession, volume XIV, number 8, London, Manchester: Dental Manufacturing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 375:

Finally the structure of the palate in ?Acrodus (and to a lesser extent, Hybodus and Asteracanthus) shows certain general resemblances to that of modern heterodont sharks, particularly in the lower postorbital ramus, absence of an orbital process, well-developed ethmoidal articulations and absence of a basal angle.

1981 April 2, Keith Stewart Thomson, “An Early Triassic Hybodont Shark from Northern Madagascar”, in Postilla, number 186, New Haven, Conn.: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, published 15 February 1982, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 13, column 1:

Mammalian teeth are characteristically heterodont, i.e. teeth are dissimilar in shape and size.

2007 March, “Dentition in Mammals”, in Mahendra Jain, editor, Competition Science Vision: A Specialized Magazine for Medical Entrance & 10+2 Exams, volume 10, number 109, Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Mahendra Jain for Pratiyogita Darpan, →OCLC, page 76, column 2:

The first cetaceans were heterodont and had multicusped cheek teeth. […] The earliest odontocetes were heterodont, and the earliest mysticetes retained teeth[…], though vascular grooves on their palates suggest baleen too[…].

2010, Peter S. Ungar, “Cenozoic Mammalian Evolution”, in Mammal Teeth: Origin, Evolution, and Diversity, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, part II (The Evolution of Mammal Teeth), page 120, column 1:

(zootomy) Having teeth of different types (like most mammals).


gill

From Middle English gille, gylle (“gill”), of North Germanic origin, akin to Danish gælle, Swedish gäl, Norwegian gjelle, and further to Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), which also may have had the meaning of "gills" (based on Old Danish fiskegæln (“gills”)). The Old Norse word has been suggested as deriving from Proto-Germanic *gelunō (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-, which would make it root-cognate to Ancient Greek χελύνη (khelúnē, “lip, jaw”), χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).
Displaced native Old English ċīe.

cog

Fishes […] perform their respiration under water by the gills.

1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:

(zootomy) A breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals.


ventricle

From late Middle English, from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventriculus.

Coordinate term: atrium

Meronyms: left ventricle, right ventricle

The muscular ventricles pump blood by contracting their fibers in response to electrical stimulation.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 47:

(anatomy, zootomy) Any small cavity within a body; a hollow part or organ, especially:

Meronyms: fourth ventricle, lateral ventricle, third ventricle

the ventricle of memory

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

(neuroanatomy) One of four fluid-filled cavities in the brain, that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.

[On birds] Where omitting the more general Properties, of having two Ventricles, and picking up stones to conveigh them into their second Ventricle, the Gizzern, (which provision and instinct is a supply for the want of teeth;) […]

1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II: A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, page 72:

(archaic) A ventriculus; especially, a stomach.


mandible

mandibles (plural)
mandibula (alternative)

From late Middle English, from Late Latin mandibula (“a jaw”), from mandō (“to chew, masticate”) + -bula (instrument noun suffix).

af

Coordinate term: maxilla

The jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes.

Either of the upper and lower segments of a bird's beak.

Any of various invertebrate mouthparts serving to hold or bite food materials.

One of the anterior pair of mouthparts of an arthropod, designed for holding and cutting food.


μαστός

grc-noun

μᾰστός • (măstós) m (genitive μᾰστοῦ); second declension

μᾰστός (canonical)
măstós (romanization)
μᾰστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ μᾰστός (nominative singular)
μᾰστώ (dual nominative)
οἱ μᾰστοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ μᾰστοῦ (genitive singular)
μᾰστοῖν (dual genitive)
μᾰστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ μᾰστῷ (dative singular)
μᾰστοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς μᾰστοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν μᾰστόν (accusative singular)
μᾰστώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς μᾰστούς (accusative plural)
μᾰστέ (singular vocative)
μᾰστώ (dual vocative)
μᾰστοί (plural vocative)
μαζός (alternative Epic Ionic)
μασδός (alternative Doric)
μασθός (alternative)

→ English: mastos

Perhaps related to μαδάω (madáō, “to be moist”). If so, then from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“wet, glossy, fat, well-fed”).

der

(anatomy) (especially of women) The human breast.

(zootomy, rarely) (of animals) An udder.

(especially of women) The human breast.
(of animals) An udder.


oral cavity

(zootomy, in haustellate insects, rare) The hollow on the lower surface of the head from which the proboscis protrudes.


maxilla

en-noun

maxilla (plural maxillae or (obsolete) maxillæ or maxillas)

maxillae (plural)
maxillæ (obsolete plural)
maxillas (plural)

From Middle English, from Latin māxilla (“the jawbone, jaw”), diminutive of māla (“the cheekbone, jaw”).

Coordinate term: mandible

An upper jaw especially of humans and other mammals in which the bony elements are closely fused.

(anatomy) Either of the two bones that lie with one on each side of the upper jaw lateral to the premaxilla and that in higher vertebrates bear most of the teeth.

(zootomy) One of the first or second pair of mouthparts posterior to the mandibles in many arthropods that are used for tasting and manipulating food.


hyoid

Borrowing from French hyoïde, from New Latin hȳoīdēs, from Ancient Greek ῡ̔οειδής (hūoeidḗs, “shaped like the letter "υ"”), from ὖ (û, “the Greek letter upsilon”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy, zootomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the hyoid bone.


stapes

From Medieval Latin stapēs (“stirrup”). Doublet of step.

The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles[…] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (malʹe-us; "hammer"); the incus (ingʹkus; "anvil"); and the stapes (staʹpēz; "stirrup"). The "handle" of the malleus is secured to the eardrum, and the base of the stapes fits into the oval window.

2010, Elaine Nicpon Marieb, Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576:

(anatomy, zootomy) A small stirrup-shaped innermost ossicle of the middle ear of mammals, transmitting vibrations from the incus to the inner ear.


tarsus

kitax̂

the part of the foot between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus

(anatomy, zootomy) The part between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus in terrestrial vertebrates.

(anatomy) A group of small bones in this part of the foot. The seven bones of the human tarsus form the ankle and upper part of the foot.

глезен

any of the seven bones in this part of the foot

On the ledge, the guillemots shuffle awkwardly about on their tarsi, the long bone connecting the ‘ankle’ to the feet.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 99:

(zootomy) The shank or tarsometatarsus of the leg of a bird or reptile.

(zootomy) The true foot or the fifth joint of the leg of an insect or other arthropod, typically consisting of several small segments and ending in a claw.


tarsal

From tarsus + -al, cognate to New Latin tarsālis.

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the tarsus.


tarsal

(anatomy, zootomy) Ellipsis of tarsal bone.


nasal bone

nasal bones (plural)
nasal (alternative)

(anatomy, zootomy) Either of two bones of the skull of vertebrates above the fishes which lie in front of the frontal bones and in humans are oblong in shape forming by their junction the bridge of the nose and partly covering the nasal cavity.


vertebral

-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹəl

(zootomy) Any of the large dorsal scales along the top of a snake's back.


mastoid

Borrowed from New Latin mastoīdēs, from Ancient Greek μᾰστοειδής (măstoeidḗs, “like a breast”), from μᾰστός (măstós, “a woman's breast”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy) Being the process of the temporal bone behind the ear.

(zootomy) Being any of several bony elements that occupy a similar position in the skull of lower vertebrates.


unto

(anatomy, zootomy) the incisors, especially the upper ones


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

lbor

(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).


incisor

Borrowing from New Latin incīsor, from incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).

af

(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.


incisor

la-noun

incīsor m (genitive incīsōris); third declension

incīsor (canonical masculine)
incīsōris (genitive)
incīsor (nominative singular)
incīsōrēs (nominative plural)
incīsōris (genitive singular)
incīsōrum (genitive plural)
incīsōrī (dative singular)
incīsōribus (dative plural)
incīsōrem (accusative singular)
incīsōrēs (accusative plural)
incīsōre (ablative singular)
incīsōribus (ablative plural)
incīsor (singular vocative)
incīsōrēs (plural vocative)

→ English: incisor

From incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).


philtrum

philtra (plural)
philtrums (plural)
filtrum (alternative)

Borrowed from the Latin philtrum (“a love potion”), from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phĭ́ltron, “a love charm; the dimple in the upper lip”). Doublet of philter.

bor

(zootomy) The junction between the two halves of an animal's upper lip or nose.


spinal

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis (“of or belonging to the spine”), from spīna (“a prickle, spine”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, spine + -al.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the spine.

Of or relating to the spine.
Of or pertaining to the spinal cord.

(zoology) (of a frog or other experimental animal) Having a pithed brain, but an intact surgically isolated spinal cord.


ухо

head

ухо (uxo) n (diminutive ушко, related adjective ухови)

uxo (romanization)
ушко (diminutive)
ухови (adjective)
ухо (nominative singular)
уха (nominative plural)
уха (genitive singular)
ухох (genitive plural)
уху (dative singular)
ухом (dative plural)
ухо (accusative singular)
уха (accusative plural)
ухом (instrumental singular)
ухами (instrumental plural)
уху (locative singular)
ухох (locative plural)
ухо (singular vocative)
уха (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Slovak ucho, from Proto-Slavic *uxo. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn ухо (uxo) and Slovak ucho.


trufla

pl-noun

trufla f (diminutive trufelka, related adjective truflowy)

trufelka (diminutive)
truflowy (adjective)
trufla (nominative singular)
trufle (nominative plural)
trufli (genitive singular)
trufli (genitive plural)
trufli (dative singular)
truflom (dative plural)
truflę (accusative singular)
trufle (accusative plural)
truflą (instrumental singular)
truflami (instrumental plural)
trufli (locative singular)
truflach (locative plural)
truflo (singular vocative)
trufle (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Trüffel, from French truffe, from Old Occitan trufa, from Latin tuber, from Proto-Italic *tūβos, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂-. Doublet of trufel.


interna

la-noun

interna n pl (genitive internōrum); second declension

Neuter plural of internus (“inward, internal”).


lamina

en-noun

lamina (plural laminae or (archaic) laminæ or laminas)

laminae (plural)
laminæ (archaic plural)
laminas (plural)

Borrowed from Latin lāmina (“a thin piece of metal, wood, marble; a plate, leaf, layer”). Doublet of lame.

bor

A thin layer, plate, or scale of material.

(zootomy) One of the narrow thin parallel plates of soft vascular sensitive tissue that cover the flesh within the wall of a hoof.


cavernous

en-adj

cavernous (comparative more cavernous, superlative most cavernous)

more cavernous (comparative)
most cavernous (superlative)

Late Middle English cavernous, cavernose, borrowing from Old French caverneux or Latin cavernōsus (“full of hollows or cavities”), from caverna (“a hollow, cavity, cave”) + -ōsus (“-ous, -ose”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to cavern + -ous.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Composed largely of vascular sinuses and capable of dilating with blood to bring about the erection of a body part.


οὖς

grc-noun

οὖς • (oûs) n (genitive ὠτός); third declension

oûs (romanization)
ὠτός (genitive)
τὸ οὖς (nominative singular)
ὦτε (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ ὦτᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ ὠτός (genitive singular)
ὤτοιν (dual genitive)
ὤτων (genitive plural)
τῷ ὠτῐ́ (dative singular)
ὤτοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ὠσῐ́ (dative plural)
ὠσῐ́ν (dative plural)
toîs ōsĭ́(n) (dative plural)
τὸ οὖς (accusative singular)
ὦτε (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ ὦτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖς (singular vocative)
ὦτε (dual vocative)
ὦτᾰ (plural vocative)
οὖς (nominative singular)
οὔᾰτᾰ (nominative plural)
οὔᾰτος (genitive singular)
οὐάτων (genitive plural)
οὔᾰτῐ (dative singular)
οὔᾰσῐ (dative plural)
οὔᾰσῐν (dative plural)
ὠσί (dative plural)
ὠσίν (dative plural)
oúăsĭ (dative plural)
oúăsĭn (dative plural)
ōsí (dative plural)
ōsín (dative plural)
οὖς (accusative singular)
οὔᾰτᾰ (accusative plural)
οὖς (singular vocative)
οὔᾰτᾰ (plural vocative)
ὦς (alternative Doric Koine)

grc-decl

οὔᾰσῐ(ν), ὠσί(ν)

Koine Greek: ὠτίον (ōtíon), ὠτία (ōtía)

Byzantine Greek: ἀφτίον (aphtíon), ἀφτία (aphtía)

Greek: αφτί (aftí), αυτί (aftí)

Mariupol Greek: фты (fty)

→ English: oto-, ot-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”), the oblique stem being from a lengthened form *h₂ows-nt-, for which compare Old Armenian ունկն (unkn). Cognate with Old English ēare (English ear), Latin auris, Old Church Slavonic оухо (uxo), and Old Irish áu.


כנף

he-noun

כָּנָף • (kanáf) f (dual indefinite כנפיים / כְּנָפַיִם, plural indefinite כְּנָפוֹת, singular construct כְּנַף־, dual construct כַּנְפֵי־, plural construct כַּנְפוֹת־) [pattern: קָטָל]

כָּנָף (canonical)
kanáf (romanization)
כנפיים (dual indefinite)
כְּנָפַיִם (dual indefinite)
כְּנָפוֹת (indefinite plural)
כְּנַף־ (construct singular)
כַּנְפֵי־ (construct dual)
כַּנְפוֹת־ (construct plural)
כָּנָף (indefinite singular)
כְּנָפִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
כְּנָפֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַכָּנָף (definite singular)
כְּנָפְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
כְּנָפֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
כְּנַפְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
כְּנַפְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
כְּנַף־ (construct singular)
כְּנָפוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
כְּנָפָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
כְּנָפָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
כְּנָפָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
כנפיים (dual indefinite)
כְּנָפַיִם (dual indefinite)
כנפיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
כְּנָפַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
כְּנָפֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הכנפיים (definite dual)
הַכְּנָפַיִם (definite dual)
כְּנָפֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
כנפייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
כְּנָפַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
כַּנְפֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
כַּנְפֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
כַּנְפֵי־ (construct dual)
כְּנָפָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
כְּנָפֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
כַּנְפֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
כַּנְפֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
כְּנָפוֹת (indefinite plural)
כנפותיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
כַּנְפוֹתַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
כַּנְפוֹתֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַכְּנָפוֹת (definite plural)
כַּנְפוֹתֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
כנפותייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
כַּנְפוֹתַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
כַּנְפוֹתֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
כַּנְפוֹתֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
כַּנְפוֹת־ (construct plural)
כַּנְפוֹתָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
כַּנְפוֹתֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
כַּנְפוֹתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
כַּנְפוֹתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

he-decl

כנפיים\כְּנָפַיִם

From Proto-Semitic *kanap-, cognate with Akkadian 𒉺 (kappum, “wing, branch”), Arabic كَنَف (kanaf, “wing, side, bosom”), Ge'ez ክንፍ (kənf, “wing, fin”).

cog

וָאֶשָּׂא עֵינַי וָאֵרֶא וְהִנֵּה שְׁתַּיִם נָשִׁים יוֹצְאוֹת וְרוּחַ בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם וְלָהֵנָּה כְנָפַיִם כְּכַנְפֵי הַחֲסִידָה ותשנה אֶת הָאֵיפָה בֵּין הָאָרֶץ וּבֵין הַשָּׁמָיִם׃

And I lifted my eyes and I saw, and behold, two women emerging and there was wind in their wings and they had wings like the wings of a stork, and they carried the ephah between the land and the sky.

va'esa' 'einai va'ere' v'hine sh'tayim nashim yots'ot v'ruakh b'khanfeihem v'lahena kh'nafayim k'khanfei hakhasida vatishena et ha'eyfa ben ha'arets uven hashamayim.

אפרת גוש, לראות את האור
ולרגע יכולתי לברוח כנוצה על כְּנָפָהּ של ציפור

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


frenulum

frenula (plural)
frenulums (plural)
fraenulum (alternative hypercorrect nonstandard)
frænulum (alternative hypercorrect nonstandard)

Borrowed from New Latin frēnulum, diminutive of frēnum (“a bridle, curb, bit”).

(entomology, zootomy) A bristle or row of bristles on the edge of the hindwings of some lepidoptera which unites the wings by interlocking with a catch on the posterior part of the forewings.


tympanum

Borrowed from Latin tympanum (“a drum, timbrel, tambourine; the eardrum”). Doublet of timbre, timpani, timbal, and tymbal.

قَلْب القَوْصَرَة

triangular space between the sides of a pediment

(anatomy, zootomy) Any of various anatomic structures in various animals with analogy to a drum head:

(anatomy, zootomy) The eardrum (tympanic membrane, membrana tympanica).

(anatomy, zootomy) The main portion of the middle ear: the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani).

(zootomy, entomology) A thin tense membrane covering the hearing organ on the leg or body of some insects, sometimes adapted (as in cicadas) for producing sound.

(zootomy) A membranous resonator in a sound-producing organ in frogs and toads.

(zootomy) (in certain birds) The labyrinth at the bottom of the windpipe.


ruga

Borrowed from Latin rūga (“a crease in the face, wrinkle”).

bor

Female: Face subpolished, weakly rugose, rugae somewhat diverging, at sides sparsely and shallowly punctate; […]

1980, Joseph Kenneth Jonathan, The Isotima-complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), page 83:

the deadly water-snakes coil’d together like the Rugæ of a single great Brain, the gray and even illumination from the Sky

(anatomy, zootomy, botany, usually in the plural) A fold, crease or wrinkle.


olfactory

From Latin olfactus (“an act of smelling; the sense of smell”) + -ory, from olfaciō (“to sniff, smell, scent”) + -tus (action noun suffix).

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Ellipsis of olfactory organ.


mala

Learned borrowing from Latin māla (“the cheekbone, jaw”).

lbor

(zootomy)
A single lobe of an insect's maxilla.

The grinding surface of an insect's mandible.

The third segment of a mandible of some myriapods.


fuku

→ Ayere: ifùkù

Perhaps from Baatonum fukɔ or maybe of ideophonic origin

(zootomy) lungs, any soft internal organ like the lungs, spleen; especially the one of an animal


syrinx

/sɪˈɹɪnd͡ʒiːz/

Learned borrowing from Latin sȳrinx (“reed; reed pipe, panpipes”), from Ancient Greek σῦριγξ (sûrinx, “panpipes; pipe-shaped object”), from Pre-Greek. Doublet of syringe.
The plural form syringes is a learned borrowing from Latin sȳringes.

der

This tube is named the Windpipe, Trachea, or Aspera-arteria; […] its lower extremity, or the part at which it bifurcates, is the Lower Larynx, or the Syrinx. Besides acting as a pipe to the lungs, it is also the organ of the voice, the air in passing through it causing its membranes so to vibrate, and being so acted upon by the muscles attached to it, as to give rise to the various cries and notes emitted by birds, although the palate, the tongue, and the mandibles also operate in modifying the sounds thus produced.

1839, William MacGillivray, “Practical Ornithology. Fifth Lesson.”, in A History of British Birds, Indigenous and Migratory: […], volume II (Cantatores, Songsters), London: […] [W. Burness] for Scott, Webster, and Geary, […], →OCLC, page 19:

The role of the syrinx in psittacine sound production is still under examination, and probably differs from that of songbirds. […] For species with relatively simple syringes but complex vocal behavior (such as Grey parrots), these data imply that other structures must modify syringeal output.

1999, Irene Maxine Pepperberg, “How Does a Grey Parrot Produce Human Speech Sounds?”, in The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots, Cambridge, Mass.; London: Harvard University Press, published 2002, →ISBN, page 293:

The primary sound-producing organ in a bird is the syrinx and the secondary system aiding sound production consists of the larynx, mouth, tongue and laryngeal muscles. […] Birds vocalise by expelling air over the elastic membranes of the syrinx housed within the inter-clavicular sac, an air sac in the pleural cavity.

2007, Gisela Kaplan, “Emotions, Vocal Behaviour and Communication”, in Tawny Frogmouth (Australian Natural History Series), Collingwood, Melbourne, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN, page 121:

The organ responsible for producing sounds during song is the syrinx, located where the trachea joins the bronchi of the two lungs[…]. Four to six muscles on either side are attached to the syrinx, and sound is produced when air is expelled through it. The flow of air induces part of the syrinx wall to vibrate and generate sound, in a similar way to the operation of the human larynx.

2010, Peter Simmons, David Young, “Nerve Cells and Animal Signalling: Songs of Crickets, Electric Fish and Birds”, in Nerve Cells and Animal Behaviour, 3rd edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 247:

(ornithology, zootomy) The voice organ in birds, located at or near where the trachea and the bronchi join.


pellis

la-noun

pellis f (genitive pellis); third declension

pellis (genitive)
pellis (nominative singular)
pellēs (nominative plural)
pellis (genitive singular)
pellium (genitive plural)
pellī (dative singular)
pellibus (dative plural)
pellem (accusative singular)
pellēs (accusative plural)
pellīs (accusative plural)
pelle (ablative singular)
pellibus (ablative plural)
pellis (singular vocative)
pellēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cheali

Romanian: piele

Dalmatian:

pial

Italo-Romance:

Italian: pelle

Sicilian: peddi

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: pedde, peddi (Campidanese)

North Italian:

Friulian: piel

Romagnol: pël

Romansch: pel

Venetan: pełe

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pél

desctree

Old French: pel
Angevin: piau
Bourguignon: peâ
Champenois: pé, piau
Franc-Comtois: pée
Middle French: peau
French: peau
Norman: pé
Poitevin-Saintongeais: pea
Picard: pieu, piau
Walloon: pea

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: pell

Occitan: pèl

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: piel

Mirandese: piel

Old Galician-Portuguese: pele

Galician: pel

Portuguese: pele

Spanish: piel

Borrowings:

→ English: pell

→ Old Irish: pell

Irish: peall

Scottish Gaelic: peall

→ Old Norse: pilz

Icelandic: pils

Norwegian Bokmål: pels

Norwegian Nynorsk: pels

From Proto-Italic *pelnis, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-ni-s (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”), from *pel- (“to cover, wrap; skin, hide; cloth”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλμᾰ (pélmă, “sole of the foot”), Old English fell (“fell, skin, hide; garment of skin”), likely with English pelt (“skin of an animal”) as well.

cog

(zootomy) pelt, fell, hide, animal skin; (poetic) human skin


oga

oga (genitive)
oga (partitive)
oga (nominative singular)
ogad (nominative plural)
oga (accusative nominative singular)
ogad (accusative nominative plural)
oga (accusative genitive singular)
ogad (accusative genitive plural)
oga (genitive singular)
ogade (genitive plural)
oga (partitive singular)
ogasid (partitive plural)
okka (illative singular)
ogasse (illative singular)
ogadesse (illative plural)
ogas (inessive singular)
ogades (inessive plural)
ogast (elative singular)
ogadest (elative plural)
ogale (allative singular)
ogadele (allative plural)
ogal (adessive singular)
ogadel (adessive plural)
ogalt (ablative singular)
ogadelt (ablative plural)
ogaks (singular translative)
ogadeks (plural translative)
ogani (singular terminative)
ogadeni (plural terminative)
ogana (essive singular)
ogadena (essive plural)
ogata (abessive singular)
ogadeta (abessive plural)
ogaga (comitative singular)
ogadega (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *oka, possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic. Cognates include Finnish oas, oka (dialectal), Votic õgaz, Ingrian oas, Livvi ovas, Ludian ogas and Veps ogah.

(zootomy) spine (a strong and sharp thorn-like covering, bone or similar formation)


usta

zlw-opl-noun

usta nvir pl (diminutive ustka, related adjective ustny)

Polish: usta

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *usta. First attested in the 14th century.

Zbaw me z ust (ex ore) lwowich

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 21, 22:

(zootomy, attested in Lesser Poland) mouth; beak


spina

la-noun

spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension

spīna (canonical feminine)
spīnae (genitive)
spīna (nominative singular)
spīnae (nominative plural)
spīnae (genitive singular)
spīnārum (genitive plural)
spīnae (dative singular)
spīnīs (dative plural)
spīnam (accusative singular)
spīnās (accusative plural)
spīnā (ablative singular)
spīnīs (ablative plural)
spīna (singular vocative)
spīnae (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: èpena

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: spaina

Italian: spina

Neapolitan: spina

Sicilian: spina

desctree

Old French: espine
Champenois: épingne
Middle French: espine
French: épine
→ Middle English: spyne
English: spine

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: espina

Occitan: espina

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: spine

Romansch: spina, spegna

Sardinian:

Campidanese: spina

Logudorese: ispina

Venetan: spina

West Iberian

Asturian: espina

Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha
Galician: espiña
Portuguese: espinha

Spanish: espina

→ Albanian: shpinë

→ Middle Irish: spín

Irish: spíon

Scottish Gaelic: spìon

→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)
English: spine

→ Polish: spina (learned) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).

der

(transferred sense)
(zootomy) a thorn, spine, prickle

(transferred sense)
(zootomy) a fishbone


ure

(Ekiti, zootomy) the thigh or leg of an animal; (especially) when cooked


membrana

la-noun

membrāna f (genitive membrānae); first declension

membrāna (canonical feminine)
membrānae (genitive)
membrāna (nominative singular)
membrānae (nominative plural)
membrānae (genitive singular)
membrānārum (genitive plural)
membrānae (dative singular)
membrānīs (dative plural)
membrānam (accusative singular)
membrānās (accusative plural)
membrānā (ablative singular)
membrānīs (ablative plural)
membrāna (singular vocative)
membrānae (plural vocative)
membrānum (alternative Late-Latin)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: μεμβρᾰ́νᾱ (membrắnā), μέμβρανον (mémbranon)
→? Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰 (maimbrana) (possibly directly from Latin)
→ Greek: μεμβράνη (memvráni)

→ Asturian: membrana

→ Catalan: membrana

→ Dutch: membraan

→ English: membrana, membrane

→ French: membrane

→ Galician: membrana

desc

→? Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰 (maimbrana) (possibly through Ancient Greek)

→ Italian: membrana

→ Occitan: membrana

→ Polish: membrana

→ Portuguese: membrana

→ Romanian: membrană

→ Russian: мембрана (membrana)

→ Spanish: membrana

From membrum (“a limb or member of the body”).

(anatomy, zootomy) the skin or membrane that covers parts of the body; (especially) the skin or slough of snakes


splint

From Middle English splint, splent, splente, from Middle Low German splinte, splente or Middle Dutch splint, splinte. Cognate with Old High German splinza (“bar, bolt, latch”). All ultimately from Proto-Germanic *splintǭ, *splintō (“piece of wood, splinter”), from Proto-Germanic *splint-, *splind- (“to split”), from a nasalized form of *splītaną (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”).

der

(zootomy) A bone found on either side of a horse's cannon bone; the second or fourth metacarpal (forelimb) or metatarsal (hindlimb) bone.

(zootomy, veterinary medicine) A disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.


tete

(zootomy) leg, (in particular) the leg of a non-human animal, usually referring to the leg of an ungulate


aleta

[ʔɐˈlɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aleta (literally “small wing”).


ventriculus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventricle.

ubor

(anatomy, zootomy) A digestive cavity such as a gizzard or stomach.


occipital

Borrowing from Middle French occipital, from Medieval Latin occipitālis, from occiput (“the back of the head, occiput”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent of occiput + -al. Doublet of occipitalis.

af

(zootomy) An occipital scale in reptiles.


πτέρυξ

grc-noun

πτέρῠξ • (ptérŭx) f (genitive πτέρῠγος); third declension

πτέρῠξ (canonical)
ptérŭx (romanization)
πτέρῠγος (genitive)
ἡ πτέρῠξ (nominative singular)
πτέρῠγε (dual nominative)
αἱ πτέρῠγες (nominative plural)
τῆς πτέρῠγος (genitive singular)
πτερῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
πτερῠ́γων (genitive plural)
τῇ πτέρῠγῐ (dative singular)
πτερῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
ταῖς πτέρῠξῐ (dative plural)
πτέρῠξῐν (dative plural)
taîs ptérŭxĭ (dative plural)
taîs ptérŭxĭn (dative plural)
τὴν πτέρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
πτέρῠγε (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς πτέρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
πτέρῠξ (singular vocative)
πτέρῠγε (dual vocative)
πτέρῠγες (plural vocative)
πτερῠ́ξ (alternative)

Greek: πτέρυγα (ptéryga)

English: pterygo-, pteryg-

Connected with πτερόν (pterón, “feather”), but with an unexplained suffix.

anything like a wing:
(zootomy, in the plural) fins, flippers


mandibular

The head produces a mandibular gland pheromone composed of ketones, the thorax lacks large glands, and the abdomen contains the venom and the Nasonov gland that produces lemon oil compounds.

2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 28:

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or pertaining to the mandible.


caruncle

/kəˈɹʌŋ.kəl/

/kəˈɹʌŋ.kl̩/

/ˈkɛɹˌʌŋ.kəl/

/ˈkæˌɹʌŋ.kəl/

/kəˈɹʌŋ.kəl/

Borrowed from Middle French caruncule, from Latin caruncula (“a little piece of flesh”), diminutive of carō (“flesh”). Doublet of caruncula.

der

(anatomy, zootomy) A small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy.

lihake

small, fleshy excrescence on an animal — see also wattle


pul

az-noun

pul (definite accusative pulu, plural pullar)

pulu (accusative definite)
pullar (plural)
pul (nominative singular)
pullar (nominative plural)
pulu (accusative definite singular)
pulları (accusative definite plural)
pula (dative singular)
pullara (dative plural)
pulda (locative singular)
pullarda (locative plural)
puldan (ablative singular)
pullardan (ablative plural)
pulun (definite genitive singular)
pulların (definite genitive plural)
pulum (first-person nominative possessive singular)
pullarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
pulun (nominative possessive second-person singular)
pulların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
pulu (nominative possessive singular third-person)
pulları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
pulumuz (first-person nominative plural possessive)
pullarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
pulunuz (nominative plural possessive second-person)
pullarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
pulu (nominative plural possessive third-person)
pulları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
pulumu (accusative first-person possessive singular)
pullarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
pulunu (accusative possessive second-person singular)
pullarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
pulunu (accusative possessive singular third-person)
pullarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
pulumuzu (accusative first-person plural possessive)
pullarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
pulunuzu (accusative plural possessive second-person)
pullarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
pulunu (accusative plural possessive third-person)
pullarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
puluma (dative first-person possessive singular)
pullarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
puluna (dative possessive second-person singular)
pullarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
puluna (dative possessive singular third-person)
pullarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
pulumuza (dative first-person plural possessive)
pullarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
pulunuza (dative plural possessive second-person)
pullarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
puluna (dative plural possessive third-person)
pullarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
pulumda (first-person locative possessive singular)
pullarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
pulunda (locative possessive second-person singular)
pullarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
pulunda (locative possessive singular third-person)
pullarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
pulumuzda (first-person locative plural possessive)
pullarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
pulunuzda (locative plural possessive second-person)
pullarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
pulunda (locative plural possessive third-person)
pullarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
pulumdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
pullarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
pulundan (ablative possessive second-person singular)
pullarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
pulundan (ablative possessive singular third-person)
pullarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
pulumuzdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
pullarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
pulunuzdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
pullarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
pulundan (ablative plural possessive third-person)
pullarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
pulumun (first-person genitive possessive singular)
pullarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
pulunun (genitive possessive second-person singular)
pullarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
pulunun (genitive possessive singular third-person)
pullarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
pulumuzun (first-person genitive plural possessive)
pullarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
pulunuzun (genitive plural possessive second-person)
pullarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
pulunun (genitive plural possessive third-person)
pullarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Classical Persian پول (pūl, “money”).


νύμφη

grc-noun

νῠ́μφη • (nŭ́mphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension

νῠ́μφη (canonical)
nŭ́mphē (romanization)
νῠ́μφης (genitive)
ἡ νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
τῆς νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
τὴν νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)
νῠ́μφη (nominative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual nominative)
νῠ́μφαι (nominative plural)
νῠ́μφης (genitive singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dual genitive)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dual genitive)
nŭ́mphain (dual genitive)
nŭ́mphaiĭn (dual genitive)
nŭ́mphēiĭn (dual genitive)
νῠμφᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφέ͜ων (genitive plural)
νῠμφῶν (genitive plural)
νῠ́μφῃ (dative singular)
νῠ́μφαιν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφαιῐν (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃῐν (dative dual)
nŭ́mphain (dative dual)
nŭ́mphaiĭn (dative dual)
nŭ́mphēiĭn (dative dual)
νῠ́μφῃσῐ (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃσῐν (dative plural)
νῠ́μφῃς (dative plural)
νῠ́μφαις (dative plural)
nŭ́mphēisĭ (dative plural)
nŭ́mphēisĭn (dative plural)
nŭ́mphēis (dative plural)
nŭ́mphais (dative plural)
νῠ́μφην (accusative singular)
νῠ́μφᾱ (accusative dual)
νῠ́μφᾱς (accusative plural)
νῠ́μφη (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾰ (singular vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (dual vocative)
νῠ́μφαι (plural vocative)
νῠ́μφᾱ (alternative Doric)

grc-decl

νῠ́μφη, νῠ́μφᾰ

desc

Greek: νύμφη (nýmfi, “nymph; bride”), νύφη (nýfi, “bride; in-law”)

Mariupol Greek: нимф (nimf, “fairy”), ныф (nyf, “bride; in-law”)

→ Latin: lympha, nympha (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: ни́мфа (nímfa)

→ Translingual: (via the genitive) Nymphes

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *snewbʰ- (“to marry, to wed”), and compared with Latin nūbō (“to marry”) (whence English nubile). However, Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, as the preceding theory does not explain the origin of the inner nasal -μ- (-m-); others including Kretschmer have also argued for substrate origin, comparing the proper name Νυμφασία (Numphasía).

der

(anatomy) hollow between the lower lip and the chin

(zootomy) depression on the shoulder of a horse


щит

ru-noun+

щит • (ščit) m inan (genitive щита́, nominative plural щиты́, genitive plural щито́в, relational adjective щитово́й, diminutive щито́к)

ščit (romanization)
щита́ (genitive)
щиты́ (nominative plural)
щито́в (genitive plural)
щитово́й (adjective relational)
щито́к (diminutive)
щи́т (nominative singular)
щиты́ (nominative plural)
щита́ (genitive singular)
щито́в (genitive plural)
щиту́ (dative singular)
щита́м (dative plural)
щи́т (accusative singular)
щиты́ (accusative plural)
щито́м (instrumental singular)
щита́ми (instrumental plural)
щите́ (prepositional singular)
щита́х (plural prepositional)
щиту́ (locative singular)
щитъ (alternative)

→ Eastern Mari: щит (ŝit)

Inherited from Old East Slavic щитъ (ščitŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ščitъ (“shield”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skeita, from Proto-Indo-European *skey-to-m, from *skey- (“to cut, separate”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian štit, Old Irish scíath, Latin scūtum.

inh+

(zootomy) carapax or plastron (dorsal or ventral half of a tortoise's or turtle's shell)


maxillary

Borrowed from Latin māxillāris (“of or belonging to the jaw”), from māxilla (“the jawbone, jaw”) + -āris (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to maxilla + -ary.

af

(zootomy) Of or pertaining to the maxillae of an arthropod.


palpebral

Borrowed from Late Latin palpebrālis (“of or on the eyelids”), from palpebra (“an eyelid”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to palpebra + -al.

af

(zootomy) A dermal bone found near the eye socket of some animals.


vestibulum

Unadapted borrowing from Latin vestibulum (“a forecourt, entrance court; an entrance”). Doublet of vestibule.

ubor

(zootomy) A cavity into which, in certain bryozoans, the esophagus and anus open.


venter

Borrowing from Latin venter (“the belly; the womb; a swelling”).

bor

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-venter.wav

(biology) A protuberant, usually hollow structure, notably:

(zootomy) The undersurface of the abdomen of an arthropod.


מקור

he-noun

מַקּוֹר • (makór) m (plural indefinite מַקּוֹרִים, singular construct מַקּוֹר־, plural construct מַקּוֹרֵי־)

מַקּוֹר (canonical)
makór (romanization)
מַקּוֹרִים (indefinite plural)
מַקּוֹר־ (construct singular)
מַקּוֹרֵי־ (construct plural)
מַקּוֹר (indefinite singular)
מַקּוֹרִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מַקּוֹרֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמַּקּוֹר (definite singular)
מַקּוֹרְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מַקּוֹרֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מַקּוֹרְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מַקּוֹרְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מַקּוֹר־ (construct singular)
מַקּוֹרוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מַקּוֹרָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מַקּוֹרָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מַקּוֹרָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
מַקּוֹרִים (indefinite plural)
מקוריי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מַקּוֹרַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
מַקּוֹרֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַמַּקּוֹרִים (definite plural)
מַקּוֹרֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
מקורייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מַקּוֹרַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
מַקּוֹרֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
מַקּוֹרֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
מַקּוֹרֵי־ (construct plural)
מַקּוֹרָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
מַקּוֹרֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
מַקּוֹרֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
מַקּוֹרֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

(zootomy) bill (the beak of a bird, especially when small or flattish; sometimes also used with reference to a platypus, turtle, or other animal)


grzebień

pl-noun

grzebień m inan (diminutive grzebyk, related adjective grzebieniowy)

grzebyk (diminutive)
grzebieniowy (adjective)
grzebień (nominative singular)
grzebienie (nominative plural)
grzebienia (genitive singular)
grzebieni (genitive plural)
grzebieniowi (dative singular)
grzebieniom (dative plural)
grzebień (accusative singular)
grzebienie (accusative plural)
grzebieniem (instrumental singular)
grzebieniami (instrumental plural)
grzebieniu (locative singular)
grzebieniach (locative plural)
grzebieniu (singular vocative)
grzebienie (plural vocative)

/ˈɡr̝ɛ.bjɛɲ/

Inherited from Old Polish *grzebień. First attested in 1500–1517.

(zootomy) comb, crest (red fleshy growth on the top of the head of a rooster or hen)

(obsolete) crest (feathery decoration on a helmet)

(Middle Polish, zootomy) synonym of podgardle

(obsolete, zootomy) crest (tip of a stallion's genitalia)

(obsolete, zootomy) transparent, fanlike membrane in a bird's stomach

(zootomy) comb, crest (series of toothed appendages along the tail and back of reptiles)


кыл

From Proto-Turkic *kïl (“hair”). See Turkish kıl (“body hair”) for more cognates.


gaster

Borrowing from Ancient Greek γᾰστήρ (găstḗr, “paunch, belly”).

bor

(zootomy, entomology) The enlarged part of the abdomen behind the petiole in hymenopterous insects (such as ants).


φάρυγξ

grc-noun

φᾰ́ρῠγξ • (phắrŭnx) f or m (genitive φᾰ́ρῠγος or φᾰ́ρῠγγος); third declension

φᾰ́ρῠγξ (canonical)
phắrŭnx (romanization)
φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive)
φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual nominative)
φᾰ́ρῠγες (nominative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγος (genitive singular)
φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dual genitive)
φᾰρῠ́γων (genitive plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγῐ (dative singular)
φᾰρῠ́γοιν (dative dual)
φᾰ́ρῠξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠξῐν (dative plural)
phắrŭxĭ (dative plural)
phắrŭxĭn (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγᾰ (accusative singular)
φᾰ́ρῠγε (accusative dual)
φᾰ́ρῠγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγες (plural vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (nominative singular)
φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual nominative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγες (nominative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγγος (genitive singular)
φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dual genitive)
φᾰρῠ́γγων (genitive plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγγῐ (dative singular)
φᾰρῠ́γγοιν (dative dual)
φᾰ́ρῠγξῐ (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξῐν (dative plural)
phắrŭnxĭ (dative plural)
phắrŭnxĭn (dative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰ (accusative singular)
φᾰ́ρῠγγε (accusative dual)
φᾰ́ρῠγγᾰς (accusative plural)
φᾰ́ρῠγξ (singular vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγε (dual vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠγγες (plural vocative)
φᾰ́ρῠξ (alternative)

Greek: φάρυγγας (fáryngas)

→ New Latin: pharynx
→ English: pharynx

→ Italian: faringe

According to Frisk an inherited Indo-European word for “throat, gorge”, cognate to Latin frūmen and Old Armenian երբուծ (erbuc), both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”), but phonetically this is somewhat problematic as the Greek form requires laryngeal metathesis to *bʰr̥Hug-, turning the root disyllabic, for unknown reasons. Alternatively, it could be related to φᾰ́ρᾰγξ (phắrănx, “ravine, cleft, chasm, gully, abyss”) or φᾶρος (phâros, “cloth, cloak”), also of disputed origin.
Beekes pointed out that the prenasalized suffix -ῠγγ- (or -ῠγ-) argues for a Pre-Greek origin. Compare λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lắrŭnx).


cotyle

en-noun

cotyle (plural cotyles or cotylae or cotylai)

cotyles (plural)
cotylae (plural)
cotylai (plural)
cotyla (alternative)

From Latin cotylē and Ancient Greek κοτύλη (kotúlē, “cup, half-pint”). Doublet of kotyle and kotylos.

der

(zootomy) Synonym of acetabulum (“any of various cup-shaped joints, organs, or skin features in various animals”).


hinde

head

hinde c (singular definite hinden, plural indefinite hinder)

hinden (definite singular)
hinder (indefinite plural)
hinde (indefinite nominative singular)
hinden (definite nominative singular)
hinder (indefinite nominative plural)
hinderne (definite nominative plural)
hindes (genitive indefinite singular)
hindens (definite genitive singular)
hinders (genitive indefinite plural)
hindernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Danish hinnæ, from Old Norse hinna, from Proto-Germanic *hinnǭ, cognate with Swedish hinna.


קרן

he-noun

קֶרֶן • (kéren) f (plural indefinite קרניים / קַרְנַיִם) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

קֶרֶן (canonical)
kéren (romanization)
קרניים (indefinite plural)
קַרְנַיִם (indefinite plural)
קֶרֶן (indefinite singular)
קַרְנִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַרְנֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַקֶּרֶן (definite singular)
קַרְנְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַרְנֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַרְנְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַרְנְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
קֶרֶן־ (construct singular)
קַרְנוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַרְנָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַרְנָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַרְנָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
קרניים (dual indefinite)
קַרְנַיִם (dual indefinite)
קרניי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַרְנַי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
קַרְנֵינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הקרניים (definite dual)
הַקַּרְנַיִם (definite dual)
קַרְנֶיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
קרנייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַרְנַיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
קַרְנֵיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַרְנֵיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
קַרְנֵי־ (construct dual)
קַרְנָיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַרְנֶיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
קַרְנֵיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
קַרְנֵיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

he-decl

קרניים\קַרְנַיִם

From Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”). Cognate with Arabic قَرْن (qarn).

(countable, zootomy) horn (a hard growth of keratin that protrudes from the top of the head of certain animals, usually paired)


báculo

Learned borrowing from Latin baculum, from Proto-Indo-European *bak-.

O pênis possuía o osso báculo, e ventralmente o músculo bulboesponjoso com coloração enegrecida devido à vascularização e fina membrana conjuntiva.

2011 November 2, “Estudo morfológico dos órgãos genitais masculinos do guaxinim (Procyon cancrivorus) [Morphological study of raccon male genital organs]”, in Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, volume 31, number 11, Rio de Janeiro: CBPA, →DOI, page 1026, column 2:

The penis has the baculum bone, and ventrally the bulbospongiosus muscle [has] a darkened color due to vascularization and the thin conjunctive membrane.

(zootomy) baculum (bone found in the penis of some mammals)


περόνη

grc-noun

περόνη • (perónē) f (genitive περόνης); first declension

perónē (romanization)
περόνης (genitive)
ἡ περόνη (nominative singular)
περόνᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ περόναι (nominative plural)
τῆς περόνης (genitive singular)
περόναιν (dual genitive)
περονῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ περόνῃ (dative singular)
περόναιν (dative dual)
ταῖς περόναις (dative plural)
τὴν περόνην (accusative singular)
περόνᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς περόνᾱς (accusative plural)
περόνη (singular vocative)
περόνᾱ (dual vocative)
περόναι (plural vocative)

Greek: περόνη (peróni)

⇒ Koine Greek: περόνιον (perónion)

desc

Byzantine Greek: πιρούνιν (piroúnin), περούνιν (peroúnin)

desctree

Greek: πιρούνι (piroúni)
→ Albanian: pirun
→ Aromanian: pirunã
→ Friulian: piron
→ Ladino: piron
→ Mòcheno: paru'
→ Romanian: piron
→ Serbo-Croatian: pirun / пирун
→ Venetan: piron
→ Cimbrian: pirù
→ Lombard: piron

→ English: perone

From πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, run through”), formed with the pattern of ᾰ̓κόνη (ăkónē, “whetstone, hone”), βελόνη (belónē, “needle”).

(anatomy) radius; (more frequently) fibula, calf bone

(zootomy) ligament below the knee of a horse


piriformis

piriformes (plural)
pyriformis (alternative)

/ˌpɪ.ɹɪˈfɔː.mɪs/

/ˌpɪɹ.əˈfɔɹ.mɪs/

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin pirifōrmis, ellipsis of mūsculus pirifōrmis (“pear-shaped muscle”). Doublet of piriform.

ellipsis

sacrotuberous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament

greater sciatic foramen
greater sciatic foramen

(anatomy, zootomy) A gluteal muscle which arises from the front of the sacrum and the ischium or sacrotuberous ligament, passes out of the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, and inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur, serving in humans to rotate the thigh laterally.


supraclavicular

From supra- + clavicular or supraclavicle + -ar.

(anatomy, zootomy, relational) Above the clavicle.

(rare, zootomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the supraclavicle in fishes.


petrosal

From Latin petrōsus (“full of rocks, rocky”) + -al.

af

midal-shaped petrosal of mammals and bird

1866, Richard Owen, Anatomy of Vertebrates:

(anatomy, zootomy) The auditory capsule.


obrót

obrót (nominative singular)
obroty (nominative plural)
obrotu (genitive singular)
obrotów (genitive plural)
obrotowi (dative singular)
obrotom (dative plural)
obrót (accusative singular)
obroty (accusative plural)
obrotem (instrumental singular)
obrotami (instrumental plural)
obrocie (locative singular)
obrotach (locative plural)
obrocie (singular vocative)
obroty (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obvortъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrócić. First attested in 1535.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “obrót”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

(countable, obsolete, zootomy) animal's vertebra


jugulum

Borrowing from New Latin jugulum (“the collarbone; the hollow part of the neck above the collarbone; the throat”), diminutive of jugum (“a yoke, collar”).

bor

(zootomy, of a bird) The lower throat or the part of the neck just above the breast.


ventrum

Ultimately from Latin venter (“belly”), with the ending possibly changed by backformation from ventral and/or by analogy to dorsum (“back”).

(zootomy) abdomen, belly (especially of an animal)


vestibula

vestibula-vestibula (plural)
vestibul (alternative)
vestibulum (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Latin vestibula, plural nominative form of vestibulum.

(zootomy) a cavity into which, in certain bryozoans, the esophagus and anus open.


jugum

/ˈd͡ʒuː.ɡəm/

Borrowing from Latin jugum (“a yoke, collar; a pair of anything; the summit, ridge”). Doublet of yoke and yuga.

(zootomy) A connecting ridge or projection, especially on a bone.


மூக்கு

ta-noun

மூக்கு • (mūkku)

mūkku (romanization)
மூக்கு (nominative singular)
மூக்குகள் (nominative plural)
மூக்கே (singular vocative)
மூக்குகளே (plural vocative)
மூக்கை (accusative singular)
மூக்குகளை (accusative plural)
மூக்குக்கு (dative singular)
மூக்குகளுக்கு (dative plural)
மூக்குக்காக (benefactive singular)
மூக்குகளுக்காக (benefactive plural)
மூக்குடைய (singular)
மூக்குகளுடைய (plural)
மூக்கின் (singular)
மூக்குகளின் (plural)
மூக்கில் (singular)
மூக்குகளில் (plural)
மூக்கிடம் (singular)
மூக்குகளிடம் (plural)
மூக்கோடு (singular)
மூக்குகளோடு (plural)
மூக்குடன் (singular)
மூக்குகளுடன் (plural)
மூக்கால் (instrumental singular)
மூக்குகளால் (instrumental plural)
மூக்கிலிருந்து (ablative singular)
மூக்குகளிலிருந்து (ablative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *mūnk(k)u. Cognate with Kannada ಮೂಗು (mūgu), Kolami మూక్కు (mūkku), Malayalam മൂക്ക് (mūkkŭ), Telugu ముక్కు (mukku) and Tulu ಮೂಕು (mūku).


cotyligerous

en-adj

cotyligerous (comparative more cotyligerous, superlative most cotyligerous)

more cotyligerous (comparative)
most cotyligerous (superlative)


hyoidean

From New Latin hȳoīdeus (“hyoid”) + -an.

(anatomy, zootomy, relational) Synonym of hyoid.


hyoideal

From New Latin hȳoīdeus (“hyoid”) + -al.


caruncula

Borrowed from Latin caruncula (“a little piece of flesh”). Doublet of caruncle.

bor+

Even without mobilization of the bone, the median eyelid angle can be deplaced in the nasal direction. For this purpose, we inserted a heart-shaped cartilage implant, curved toward the caruncula.

1982, Sherrell J. Aston, Albert Hornblass, Murray A. Meltzer, et al., editors, Third International Symposium of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Eye and Adnexa, Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Co., →ISBN, page 116:

(anatomy, zootomy, botany) Synonym of caruncle.


choana

Borrowing from New Latin choana, from Ancient Greek χοᾰ́νη (khoắnē, “funnel”), from χέω (khéō, “to pour”) + -ᾰ́νη (-ắnē, suffix for utensil names).

af

The choanal glands of caecilians open at the margin of the choanae, whereas those of salamanders open deep within the choanae at the margin of the olfactory epithelium.

1986, William E. Duellman, Biology of Amphibians, page 409:

Zuckerkandl (1893) gives far and away the greatest measurements for the choanae; Hopmann (1895) reported that in man the choana has a mean height of 27 mm, and a mean width of 13 mm (Merkel, 1896); in women it measures 25 x 12mm. These values agree closely with our findings.

1989, Johannes Lang, translated by P. M. Stell, Clinical Anatomy of the Nose, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, page 103:

Inside of this area it is possible to identify clearly two parallel echonegative zones, which belong to the nasal cavities (choanas) and are placed on both sides of a medial structure, considerably echogenic, which corresponds to nasal bridge (Fig. 2.12.)

2006, José María Carrera, Asim Kurjak, Donald School: Atlas of Clinical Application of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, India: Jaypee Brothers, page 14:

The bony rim of the posterior choana is located by passing the 4-mm microdebrider blade through the posterior ethmoids and into the nasopharynx. The tip of the microdebrider blade is pushed against the mucosa just above the bony choanae on the anterior face of the sphenoid.

2008, Peter-John Wormald, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, 2nd edition, page 111:

(anatomy, zootomy) A pair of apertures towards the back of the nasal cavity, opening into the nasopharynx.


хол

From Proto-Turkic *kol (“upper arm, hand”). Akin to the Tuvan term above, and see Bashkir ҡул (qul) for more cognates.


тирии

From Proto-Turkic *tẹri, compare Turkish deri, Kumyk тери (teri), Kyrgyz тери (teri).


тыҥырах

head

тыҥырах • (tıñıraq)

sah-noun

тыҥырах • (tıñıraq)

From Proto-Turkic *tïrŋa-k (“fingernail, claw”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐰃𐰺𐰭𐰴 (tïrŋaq, “fingernail”), Turkish tırnak, Kyrgyz тырмак (tırmak).


кынат

head

кынат • (kınat)

sah-noun

кынат • (kınat)

From Proto-Turkic *kāynat. Cognate with Turkish kanat, Kyrgyz канат (kanat).


хах

From Proto-Turkic *kāpuk. Compare to Tatar кабык (qabıq), etc.


lamad

Kaya hindi pa man halos dumadapo, ang tuwa sa lamad ng may dusang puso, ay itinakwil na ang dalitang lalo at ang tunod niya'y siyang itinimo.

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa Kahariang Albanya:


щиток

ru-noun+

щито́к • (ščitók) m inan (genitive щитка́, nominative plural щитки́, genitive plural щитко́в)

щито́к (canonical)
ščitók (romanization)
щитка́ (genitive)
щитки́ (nominative plural)
щитко́в (genitive plural)
щито́к (nominative singular)
щитки́ (nominative plural)
щитка́ (genitive singular)
щитко́в (genitive plural)
щитку́ (dative singular)
щитка́м (dative plural)
щито́к (accusative singular)
щитки́ (accusative plural)
щитко́м (instrumental singular)
щитка́ми (instrumental plural)
щитке́ (prepositional singular)
щитка́х (plural prepositional)

→ Eastern Mari: щиток (ŝitok)


basipodium

(zootomy) The carpus or tarsus of an animal or bird; the equivalent of the wrist or ankle in the human limbs


poro abdominal

pt-noun

poro abdominal m (plural poros abdominais)

(zootomy, ichthyology) abdominal pore (sphincter near the cloaca of fish)


鋏角

鋏角亜門

鋏角亜門 きょうかくあもん


iwe

Coganates with Ifẹ̀ Yoruba ighe, Èkìtì & Ìjẹ̀bú Yoruba uwe

owe (alternative)
ùwé (alternative)
eghé (alternative)


nadadeira anal

nadadeira anal f (plural nadadeiras anais)

(zootomy, ichthyology) anal fin (fin on the underside of a fish)


колючка

uk-noun

колю́чка<c*>

колю́чка • (koljúčka) f inan (genitive колю́чки, nominative plural колючки́, genitive plural колючо́к)

колю́чка (canonical)
koljúčka (romanization)
колю́чки (genitive)
колючки́ (nominative plural)
колючо́к (genitive plural)
колю́чка (nominative singular)
колючки́ (nominative plural)
колю́чки (genitive singular)
колючо́к (genitive plural)
колю́чці (dative singular)
колючка́м (dative plural)
колю́чку (accusative singular)
колючки́ (accusative plural)
колю́чкою (instrumental singular)
колючка́ми (instrumental plural)
колю́чці (locative singular)
колючка́х (locative plural)
колю́чко (singular vocative)
колючки́ (plural vocative)

uk-ndecl

колю́чка<c*>

Uk-колючка.ogg

(zootomy, botany) spine (a pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, or plant)


அலகு

alaku (romanization)
அலகு (nominative singular)
அலகுகள் (nominative plural)
அலகே (singular vocative)
அலகுகளே (plural vocative)
அலகை (accusative singular)
அலகுகளை (accusative plural)
அலகுக்கு (dative singular)
அலகுகளுக்கு (dative plural)
அலகுக்காக (benefactive singular)
அலகுகளுக்காக (benefactive plural)
அலகுடைய (singular)
அலகுகளுடைய (plural)
அலகின் (singular)
அலகுகளின் (plural)
அலகில் (singular)
அலகுகளில் (plural)
அலகிடம் (singular)
அலகுகளிடம் (plural)
அலகோடு (singular)
அலகுகளோடு (plural)
அலகுடன் (singular)
அலகுகளுடன் (plural)
அலகால் (instrumental singular)
அலகுகளால் (instrumental plural)
அலகிலிருந்து (ablative singular)
அலகுகளிலிருந்து (ablative plural)


błona

błonka (diminutive)
błona (nominative singular)
błony (nominative plural)
błony (genitive singular)
błon (genitive plural)
błonie (dative singular)
błonom (dative plural)
błonę (accusative singular)
błony (accusative plural)
błoną (instrumental singular)
błonami (instrumental plural)
błonie (locative singular)
błonach (locative plural)
błono (singular vocative)
błony (plural vocative)
błóna (alternative Middle Polish)

(anatomy, zootomy) membrane (thin, flexible tissue that fulfills specific functions in living organisms)

(Middle Polish) film pane (window pane made originally of animal membrane or later glass)


סנפיר

he-noun

סְנַפִּירִים

סְנַפִּיר • (s'napír) m (plural indefinite סְנַפִּירִים)

סְנַפִּיר (canonical)
s'napír (romanization)
סְנַפִּירִים (indefinite plural)

Unknown. Perhaps related to Arabic نَفَرَ (nafara, “to flee in fear”) or Arabic زَنْفَلَ (zanfala, “to hasten”).
Ernest Klein writes: "Prob. formed from base ס־פ־ר with inserted נ and related to Akkadian shappartu/šappartu (shaggy skin), and to Aramaic סַמְפּוֹרָא (point, nail)."

cog

אֶת־זֶה תֹּאכְלוּ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בַּמָּיִם כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת בַּמַּיִם בַּיַּמִּים וּבַנְּחָלִים אֹתָם תֹּאכֵלוּ׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0311#יא_ט|11:9]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

These may ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them may ye eat.

'et-zé tokh'lú mikól 'ashér bamáyim kól 'asher-ló s'napír v'kaskéset bamáyim bayamím uvan'khalím 'otám tokhélu.
ʾeṯ-ze tōḵəlū mikkōl ʾăšer bammā́yim kōl ʾăšer-lō sənappīr wəqaśqéśeṯ bammáyim bayyāmīm ūḇannəḥālīm ʾōṯām tōḵḗlū.

(zootomy) fin, flipper (of a fish or other marine animal)


кәӄт

head

кәӄт (kə̄qt) n

kə̄qt (romanization)
кәӄтэ (alternative)

From earlier kektá (“neck”), from Proto-Ketic *kʌqtʌ.
Cognate with Yug къхты (kʌ́χtɨ, “neck, collar”) and Kott agántan (“neck”).

Типда кәӄтдиӈа аӈ даӈкимна.

Сибаӈ къӄтдиӈтен дъгэта.

Хъӈн кәӄт къма ублок.

(anatomy, zootomy) elbow, wrist; knee, ankle; a joint of either arms or legs


къе

kʌ́je (romanization)
къйга (alternative)

[ˈkʌ˩˧.jɛ̞˧˩]

[ˈkə˩˧.jɛ̞˧˩]

From earlier keigo, keigó, kójgo, from Proto-Ketic *kʌje ~ *kʌjga, perhaps inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *kaɬ-ga (“head”).
Cognate with Yug къйгын (kʌjgɨn, “head”), Arin kólk'a, kedake, olkä and Pumpokol kólka.

inh+

Тотпыль къя.

Ат дульэнда къйга-булаӈт-ӄонь.


киʼсь

head

plural <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ket">кисьеӈ</i> (kisʲeŋ)

From earlier kássa, from Proto-Ketic *kʰiˀs ~ *kʰeˀs, ultimately inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *kajš (“lower leg, foot”). Cognate with Yug киʼс (kiˀs), Kott hêči, gečan (“boots”) and possibly also Jie 劬禿 (*gju.thuwk /*got-o-k/, “his foot”).

cog

Кисяӈ хыта карё!

Аб кисьеӈ он къйдиль билъъӈ.

My ankles are swollen from walking too much.

Кисясь таӷайкукся.


鼻骨

/pi³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pei̯²² kʷɐt̚⁵/

/pi³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pei̯²² kʷɐt̚⁵/


𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲

twywq (romanization)
tuyuġ (romanization)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲 (nominative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰 (dative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (directive singular)
𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

Western Yugur: dujəɣ (tuyïɣ)

Inherited from Proto-Common Turkic *tuńak (“hoof”).

inh+

𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽴 […] 𐾈 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽱𐽾𐽶 𐽹𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽺 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽼 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽳𐽲𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽲𐾄 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽴𐽶𐽼 𐽻𐽰𐽽𐾀𐽶 𐾈

q̈wtwz ʾwykwz […] swyβry mwywzyn yyryk yylkʾp twywqy ʾwyzʾ twprʾq̈ q̈ʾzyp sʾcty

The yak bull churned up the ground with its pointed horns and crushed the earth with its hooves, scattering it.

(zootomy) hoof, nail (of horses, cattle, deer, etc.)


નખ

nakh (romanization)
નખ (nominative singular)
નખો (nominative plural)
નખ (oblique singular)
નખો (oblique plural)
નખ (singular vocative)
નખો (plural vocative)
નખે (instrumental singular)
નખોએ (instrumental plural)
નખે (locative singular)
નખોએ (locative plural)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नख (nakha). Displaced Old Gujarati नह (naha).


𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰺𐰆𐰸

ḳudruḳ (romanization)
ḳuduruḳ (romanization)

Orkhon script variant of 𐽲𐽳𐽸𐽾𐽳𐽲 (qwdrwq /ḳudruḳ/).


membran

head

membran c (singular definite membranen, plural indefinite membraner)

membranen (definite singular)
membraner (indefinite plural)
membran (indefinite nominative singular)
membranen (definite nominative singular)
membraner (indefinite nominative plural)
membranerne (definite nominative plural)
membrans (genitive indefinite singular)
membranens (definite genitive singular)
membraners (genitive indefinite plural)
membranernes (definite genitive plural)


palikpik

palikpík (canonical)
ᜉᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *p(al)ikpik (“fin of a fish”), from Proto-Austronesian *pikpik (“sound of patting or tapping”).


kudruk

kudruk (nominative singular)
kudrukug (accusative singular)
kudruknï (accusative singular)
kudruknuŋ (genitive singular)
kudrukka (dative singular)
kudrukda (locative singular)
kudrukdan (ablative singular)
kudrukgaru (allative singular)
kudrukun (instrumental singular)
kudrukča (equative singular)
kudruklayu (singular)
kudruklugu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: хӳре (hüre)

→? Proto-Mongolic: *kudurga

Mongolian: хударга (xudarga)

East Yugur: ghudurgha

Proto-Common Turkic:

desc

Karakhanid: قُذْرُقْ (quδruq), قُیرُقْ (quyruq) (Late Karakhanid)

Khorezmian Turkic: قُذرُق (quδruq)

Arghu:

Khalaj: qudruq

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish: قُيرُقْ

Azerbaijani: quyruq

Ottoman Turkish: قویروق (quyruq)

Gagauz: kuyruk

Turkish: kuyruk

Salar: guruq

Turkmen: guýruk

Kipchak:

Kipchak: cuyrug

Kipchak: قويرق (quyruɣ)

Mamluk-Kipchak: قُيرُغ (quyruɣ), قُيرُق (quyruq)

West Kipchak:

Crimean Tatar: quyruq

Karachay-Balkar: къуйрукъ (quyruq)

Karaim:

Cyrillic script: куйрук

Latin script: kuyruk

Kumyk: къуйрукъ (quyruq)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: ҡойроҡ (qoyroq)

Tatar: койрык (qoyrıq)

South Kipchak:

Kipchak-Nogai:

Karakalpak: quyrıq

Kazakh: құйрық (qūiryq)

Nogai: куйрык (kuyrık)

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: куйрук (kuyruk)

Southern Altai: куйрук (kuyruk)

Karluk:

Chagatai: [script needed] (quyruɣ)

Uzbek: quyruq

Uyghur: قۇيرۇق (quyruq)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰺𐰆𐰸 (qudruq)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qudruq)

Western Yugur: [script needed] (quzruq)

North Siberian:

Dolgan: кутурук (kuturuk)

Yakut: кутурук (kuturuk)

South Siberian:

Sayan Turkic:

Soyot: қудуруқ, қудурық, қудырық

Tofa: ӄудуруӄ (quduruq)

Tuvan: кудурук (kuduruk)

Yenisei Turkic:

Khakas: хузурух (xuzurux)

Fuyu Kyrgyz: guzruh

Shor: қузуруқ (quzuruq)

East Slavic:

→ Belarusian: курдзю́к (kurdzjúk)

→ Russian: курдю́к (kurdjúk)

→ Ukrainian: курдю́к (kurdjúk)

Derived from the unattested stem *kudu-r-.


metapneustic

(zootomy) Having the respiratory apparatus in the anus.


hrymzak

hrymzak (nominative singular)
hrymzakaj (dual nominative)
hrymzaki (nominative plural)
hrymzaka (genitive singular)
hrymzakow (dual genitive)
hrymzakow (genitive plural)
hrymzakej (dative singular)
hrymzakomaj (dative dual)
hrymzakam (dative plural)
hrymzak (accusative singular)
hrymzakaj (accusative dual)
hrymzaki (accusative plural)
hrymzakom (instrumental singular)
hrymzakomaj (dual instrumental)
hrymzakami (instrumental plural)
hrymzaku (locative singular)
hrymzakomaj (dual locative)
hrymzakach (locative plural)
hrymzako (singular vocative)
hrymzakaj (dual vocative)
hrymzaki (plural vocative)