bone

en-verb

bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)

bones (present singular third-person)
boning (participle present)
boned (participle past)
boned (past)

Borrowed from French bornoyer (“to look at with one eye, to sight”), from borgne (“one-eyed”).

bor

Joiners, &c., bone their work with two straight edges.

1846, W. M. Buchanan, A Technological Dictionary, page 151:

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

(carpentry, masonry, surveying) To sight along an object or set of objects to check whether they are level or in line.


robot

desc

→ Arabic: رُوبُوت (rūbūt), رُوبُوط (rūbūṭ)

→ Hindi: रोबोट (roboṭ)

→ Japanese: ロボット (robotto)

→ Korean: 로봇 (robot)

→ Persian: رُبات (robât), روبات (rôbât)

→ Swahili: roboti

→ Welsh: robot

Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *árbas
Proto-Slavic *orbъ
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Proto-Slavic *orbiti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ota
Proto-Slavic *orbota
Old Czech robota
Czech robota
Czech robotbor.
English robot
Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota (“drudgery, servitude”). Coined in the 1920 science-fiction play R.U.R. by Karel Čapek after having been suggested to him by his brother Josef. Ultimately a cognate with Old English earfoþe and German Arbeit. Doublet of orphan.

etymon

(surveying) A theodolite which follows the movements of a prism and can be used by a one-man crew.


absis

(geometry, surveying) the first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes

(geometry, surveying) the horizontal line representing an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, on which the abscissa (sense above) is shown


digital

id-adj

digital (comparative lebih digital, superlative paling digital)

lebih digital (comparative)
paling digital (superlative)

From Dutch digitaal, from Latin digitālis or Middle French digital, itself from Latin.

(surveying) property of representing values as discrete, often binary, numbers rather than a continuous spectrum


offset

From off- + set, used to construct the noun form of the verb to set off. Compare Middle English ofsetten (“to encumber, harass, beset, besiege”), from Old English ofsettan (“to press, oppress, overwhelm, crush”).

cog

(surveying) A short distance measured at right angles from a line actually run to some point in an irregular boundary, or to some object.


close

en-verb

close (third-person singular simple present closes, present participle closing, simple past and past participle closed)

closes (present singular third-person)
closing (participle present)
closed (participle past)
closed (past)
close (infinitive)
close (first-person present singular)
closed (first-person past singular)
close (present second-person singular)
closest (archaic present second-person singular)
closed (past second-person singular)
closedst (archaic past second-person singular)
closes (present singular third-person)
closeth (archaic present singular third-person)
closed (past singular third-person)
close (plural present)
closed (past plural)
close (present subjunctive)
closed (past subjunctive)
close (imperative present)
closing (participle present)
closed (participle past)

From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudere (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.

cog

close the stable door after the horse has bolted

(surveying) To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.


bench

benches (plural)
benk (alternative dialectal)
bink (alternative dialectal)

→ Hindi: बेंच (beñc)

→ Japanese: ベンチ (benchi)

→ Korean: 벤치 (benchi)

→ Swahili: benchi

→ Urdu: بِنْچ (binc)

From Middle English bench, benk, bynk, from Old English benċ (“bench”), from Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-.
Cognate with Scots benk, bink (“bench”), West Frisian bank (“bench”), Dutch bank (“bench”), German Bank (“bench”), Danish bænk (“bench”), Swedish bänk (“bench”), Icelandic bekkur (“bench”). Doublet of banc, banco, and bank.

эскәмйә

sports: where players sit when not playing

After removing the bench, we can use the mark left on the wall as a reference point.

(surveying) A bracket used to mount land surveying equipment onto a stone or a wall.


chain

From Middle English cheyne, chaine, from Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to braid, twist; hut, shed”). Doublet of catena. Displaced native Middle English rakil and rakent (from Old English racente (“chain”)); see rackan.

der

a chain is only as strong as its weakest link

(surveying) A series of interconnected links of known length, used as a measuring device.

ketju

surveying: series of interconnected links as a measuring device


shoot

en-verb

shoot (third-person singular simple present shoots, present participle shooting, simple past shot, past participle shot or (rare) shotten)

shoots (present singular third-person)
shooting (participle present)
shot (past)
shot (participle past)
shotten (participle past rare)
shoot (infinitive)
shoot (first-person present singular)
shot (first-person past singular)
shooted (archaic first-person past singular)
shoot (present second-person singular)
shootest (archaic present second-person singular)
shot (past second-person singular)
shooted (archaic past second-person singular)
shootedst (archaic past second-person singular)
shoots (present singular third-person)
shooteth (archaic present singular third-person)
shot (past singular third-person)
shooted (archaic past singular third-person)
shoot (plural present)
shot (past plural)
shooted (archaic past plural)
shoot (present subjunctive)
shot (past subjunctive)
shooted (archaic past subjunctive)
shoot (imperative present)
shooting (participle present)
shot (participle past)
shooted (archaic participle past)
shotten (archaic participle past)

→ Catalan: xut

→ Greek: σουτ (sout)

→ Hijazi Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ North Levantine Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ Persian: شوت (šut)

desc

→ Portuguese: chuto, chute (Brazil), chutar

→ Romanian: șut

→ Vietnamese: sút

From Middle English shoten, from Old English scēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwd-e-ti, from *(s)kewd- (“to shoot, throw”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sjitte, Low German scheten, Dutch schieten, German schießen, Danish skyde, Norwegian Bokmål skyte, Norwegian Nynorsk skyta, Swedish skjuta; and also, through Indo-European, with Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Albanian hedh (“to throw, toss”), Persian چست (čost, “quick, active”), Lithuanian skudrùs.

(+ partitive object when injuring or genitive object when killing) ampua

when the looting starts, the shooting starts

(surveying) To measure the distance and direction to (a point).


analog

id-adj

analog (comparative lebih analog, superlative paling analog)

lebih analog (comparative)
paling analog (superlative)

From Dutch analoog, from French analogue or German analog, from Latin analogus, from Ancient Greek ἀνάλογος (análogos).

(sciences, surveying) analogue, analog: in which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial)


link

Azerbaijani: link

Belarusian: лінк (link)

Bulgarian: линк (link)

Catalan: link

Chinese:

Hong Kong Cantonese: link (ling1), 拎 (ling1)

Czech: link

Danish: link

Dutch: link

Estonian: link

Finnish: linkki

Georgian: ლინკი (linḳi)

German: link

Hebrew: לינק (línk)

Hindi: लिंक (liṅk)

Hungarian: link

Italian: link

Japanese: リンク (rinku)

Korean: 링크 (ringkeu)

Lower Sorbian: link

Macedonian: линк (link)

Persian: لینک (link)

Polish: link

Portuguese: link

Romanian: link

Serbo-Croatian: линк, link

Slovak: link

Spanish: link

Russian: линк (link)

Thai: ลิงก์ (líng)

Turkish: link

Ukrainian: лінк (link)

Yiddish: לינק (link)

From Middle English linke, lenke, from a merger of Old English hlenċe, hlenċa (“ring; chainlink”) and Old Norse *hlenkr, hlekkr (“ring; chain”); both from Proto-Germanic *hlankiz (“ring; bond; fettle; fetter”). Used in English since the 14th century. Related to lank.

tejlidhje

computing: short for hyperlink — see also hyperlink

(surveying) The length of one joint of Gunter's chain, being the hundredth part of it, or 7.92 inches, the chain being 66 feet in length.

lenkki

surveying: length of one joint of Gunter's chain


delta

From Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), borrowed from a Phoenician word for "door", ultimately from Proto-Semitic *dalt-. Doublet of dalet.
* (river): from the triangular shape of the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ
* (USSF): from the delta wing, symbol of the USSF, a triangular wing, shaped like the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ

(surveying) The angle subtended at the center of a circular arc.

keskuskulma

surveying: angle at the center of a circular arc


degree

→ Burmese: ဒီဂရီ (diga.ri)

→ Juba Arabic: digrii

→ Swahili: digrii

→ Tagalog: digri

From Middle English degre, borrowed from Old French degré (French: degré), itself from Latin gradus, with the prefix de-.

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 26. Degree

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 31. Greatness

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 32. Smallness

(surveying) The curvature of a circular arc, expressed as the angle subtended by a fixed length of arc or chord.


cross

→ Japanese: クロス (kurosu)

From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), from Old Norse kross, from Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (crucī). In this sense displaced native Middle English rood, from Old English rōd; see rood. Compare Welsh croes, Irish crois.
The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.
Cognates
*Icelandic kross (“cross”)
*Faroese krossur (“cross”)
*Norwegian Nynorsk kross, kors (“cross”)
*Danish kors (“cross”)
*Swedish kors (“cross”)
*North Frisian kross, korss (“cross”)
*Saterland Frisian Krjuus, Kjus (“cross”)
*West Frisian krús (“cross”)
*Dutch kruis (“cross”)
*German Low German Krüüz (“cross”)
*German Kreuz (“cross”)

(surveying) An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main course.


tie

From Middle English teye (“cord, chain”), from Old English tēag, tēah (“cord, chain”), from Proto-West Germanic *taugu, from Proto-Germanic *taugō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-. Compare Danish tov, Icelandic taug.

(surveying) A bearing and distance between a lot corner or point and a benchmark or iron off site.


datum

en-noun

datum (plural (sense 1 and 2) data or (senses 3 and 4) datums)

Borrowed from Latin datum (“a given”). Doublet of die.

A geodetic datum is sometimes also called a benchmark.

In a strict sense, a tidal datum can be understood as the reference plane (or surface) to which the height of a predicted tide is referred.[…]Sounding and chart datums are low water datums, that is, they refer to the level of the water surface at low tide. Nonetheless, there are also datums based on high water levels.[…]These two different datums may be included in the broader category of vertical datums, which comprises any plane or surface used as a reference to measure vertical distances (such as depths, drying features, heights on shore, etc.).

2000, Nuno Sergio Marques Antunes, “The Importance of the Tidal Datum in the Definition of Maritime Limits and Boundaries”, in Maritime Briefing, volume 2, number 7, International Boundaries Research Unit, University of Durham, page 5:

Datums are another important map aspect related to projection. A datum provides a base reference for measuring locations on Earth's surface.

2007, Roger F Tomlinson, Thinking about GIS: geographic information system planning for managers:

For horizontal measurements [on the Earth], we fix a mathematical body of Earth in space using a Cartesian coordinate system. After that, a separate coordinate system is created over the surface of this body to generate horizontal coordinates. A mathematical earth body fixed in space makes up the horizontal datum.

2012, Yong-Qi Chen, Yuk-Cheung Lee, chapter 2.3, in Geographical Data Acquisition:

(cartography, surveying) A point, line, or surface with reference to which positions (such as elevations) are measured or indicated (such as a permanent benchmark in leveling or mean sea level in a topographical survey).


inverse

en-verb

inverse (third-person singular simple present inverses, present participle inversing, simple past and past participle inversed)

inverses (present singular third-person)
inversing (participle present)
inversed (participle past)
inversed (past)

Recorded since 1440, from Latin inversus, the past participle of invertere (“to invert”), itself from in- (“in, on”) + vertere (“to turn”).

(surveying) To compute the bearing and distance between two points.


departure

en-noun

departure (countable and uncountable, plural departures)

/dɪˈpɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃə(ɹ)/

From Old French deporteure (“departure; figuratively, death”). By surface analysis, depart + -ure.

uder

The area is computed by latitudes and departures.

(surveying) The difference in easting between the two ends of a line or curve.


station

→ Hindi: स्टेशन (sṭeśan)

→ Irish: stáisiún

→ Malay: stesen

desc

ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)

→ Punjabi: سٹیشن/ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)

→ Scottish Gaelic: stèisean

→ Swahili: stesheni

→ Urdu: سْٹیشَن (sṭeśan), اِسْٹیشَن (isṭeśan)

From Middle English stacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman estation, from Latin statiōnem, accusative of statiō (“standing, post, job, position”), whence also Italian stazione. Doublet of stagione. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Old English standan (whence English stand).

(surveying) Any of a sequence of equally spaced points along a path.


target

→ Japanese: ターゲット (tāgetto)

From Middle French targette, targuete, diminutive of targe (“light shield”), from Old French, from Frankish *targa (“buckler”), akin to Old Norse targa (“small round shield”) (whence also Old English targe, targa (“shield”)) from Proto-Germanic *targǭ (“edge”), from Proto-Indo-European *derǵʰ- (“fenced lot”). Akin to Old High German zarga (“side wall, rim”) (German Zarge (“frame”)), Spanish tarjeta (“card”).

cog

(surveying) The sliding crosspiece, or vane, on a leveling staff.


hub

From earlier hubbe, which has the same immediate origin as hob. Hub was originally a dialectal word; its ultimate origin is unknown. Compare German Hubbel (“bump on a surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hubil (“bump, hill”) (which contains a diminutive suffix *-il); compare English hive, or perhaps ultimately from the same root as hip or hop.

(surveying) A stake with a nail in it, used to mark a temporary point.


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

(Australia, surveying, slang) A total station or its predecessor, a theodolite.


mire

Borrowed from Italian mira, from Latin mīrō (“to wonder at”).


stadium

From Latin stadium (“a measure of length, a race course”) (commonly one-eighth of a Roman mile; translated in early English Bibles by furlong), from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “a measure of length, a running track”), especially the track at Olympia, which was one stadium in length. The Greek word may literally mean "fixed standard of length" (from στάδιος (stádios, “firm, fixed”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-, whence also stand and Latin stare). Doublet of stade, stadion, and estadio.

der

(surveying) A graduated rod used to measure the distance of the place where it stands from an instrument having a telescope, by observing the number of the graduations of the rod that are seen between certain parallel wires (stadia wires) in the field of view of the telescope.


orthometric

(surveying) Being corrected for the curvature of the Earth.


occupy

en-verb

occupy (third-person singular simple present occupies, present participle occupying, simple past and past participle occupied)

occupies (present singular third-person)
occupying (participle present)
occupied (participle past)
occupied (past)
occupy (infinitive)
occupy (first-person present singular)
occupied (first-person past singular)
occupy (present second-person singular)
occupiest (archaic present second-person singular)
occupied (past second-person singular)
occupies (present singular third-person)
occupieth (archaic present singular third-person)
occupied (past singular third-person)
occupy (plural present)
occupied (past plural)
occupy (present subjunctive)
occupied (past subjunctive)
occupy (imperative present)
occupying (participle present)
occupied (participle past)

From Middle English occupien, occupyen, borrowed from Old French occuper, from Latin occupāre (“to take possession of, seize, occupy, take up, employ”), from ob (“to, on”) + capiō (“to take”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to seize, grab”). Doublet of occupate, now obsolete.

der

(surveying) To place the theodolite or total station at (a point).


gore

Gore (fabrics)
Gore (heraldry)
Gore (road)
Gore (segment)
Gore (surveying)

From Middle English gore (“patch (of land, fabric), clothes”), from Old English gāra, from Proto-Germanic *gaizô.

inh

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(surveying, chiefly US) A small piece of land left unincorporated due to competing surveys or a surveying error.


monument

From Middle English monument, from Old French monument, from Latin monumentum (“memorial”), from monēre (“to remind”).

(surveying) A natural or artificial object used as a reference point.


TS

en-noun

TS (countable and uncountable, plural TSs or TSes)

(surveying) Initialism of total station.


prism

→ Japanese: プリズム (purizumu)

→ Korean: 프리즘 (peurijeum)

→ Malay: prisma

→ Thai: ปริซึม (bprí-sʉ̂m)

[ˈpʰɹ̠̊ɪzm̩]

Learned borrowing from Late Latin prisma (“(geometry) prism”), from Ancient Greek πρίσμᾰ (prísmă, “anything sawn; sawdust; (Koine, geometry) prism”), from πρῐ́ζω (prĭ́zō) (a variant of πρῑ́ω (prī́ō, “to saw”), further etymology unknown) + -μᾰ (-mă, suffix forming neuter nouns denoting the effect or result of an action, etc.).

prizëm

transparent block used to reflect or refract light

(by extension, surveying) A retroreflector (“device which reflects light back to its source with minimal scattering”) which is usually attached to a surveying pole as a target for a total station which emits a light beam at the device and calculates how long it takes to be reflected back in order to measure distance.


trig

en-noun

trig (countable and uncountable, plural trigs)

(surveying, countable, informal) A trig point.


metes and bounds

(surveying) A description of a piece of land consisting of both measurements (metes) of the land and owners of land which is adjacent to (bounds) it.


foresight

foresight (countable and uncountable, plural foresights)

From Middle English forsight, forsyght, forsichte (since 14th c.), a calque from providentia equivalent to fore- + sight. Compare Scots foresicht (“foresight”), Saterland Frisian Foarsicht (“caution”), West Frisian foarútsjoch (“foresight”), Dutch voorzicht (“foresight”), German Vorsicht (“caution; care; attention”).

cog

(surveying) A bearing taken forwards towards a new object.


triangulation

en-noun

triangulation (countable and uncountable, plural triangulations)

/tɹʌɪaŋɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩/

/ˌtɹaɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃən/

From Medieval Latin triangulātiōnem (“triangulation”), from triangulāre (“to triangulate”) + -tiōnem (suffix forming nouns relating to some actions or the results of actions). Triangulāre is derived from triangulāris (“triangular”), from triangulus (“triangular; triangle”), from trēs (“three”) + angulus (“angle; corner”). The English word is analysable as triangulate + -ion, and is cognate with French triangulation.

refn

An engraving from a 16th-century treatise by Levinus Hulsius (1546–1606).

der

The season of 1835–36 was employed in carrying on the triangulation; in which Colonel [George] Everest was much impeded by a long continuance of hazy and cloudy weather. It appears, however, that the principal triangulation was brought down to the line from Juktipura to Pagara; […]

1839 June 14, T. B. Jervis, “IV. Some Account of the Progress of the Trigonometrical Survey Now Carrying On in India. Extracted from the Correspondence of Colonel Everest, and Communicated by Major T. B. Jervis.”, in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, […], volume IV, number 24, London: Printed by Moyes and Barclay, […], →OCLC, page 208:

Russia began under Catherine II, and has since constantly either taken up at different points or extended the triangulations successively made, with always more perfection of men of science. Now, these triangulations form a fully connected series from north of the arctic circle to south of Dorpat.

1843 February 9, John B. Aycrigg, “Notes”, in Report of John B. Aycrigg, (Made to the House of Representatives on the 9th February, 1843,) Submitted as an Individual Member of the Committee on the Coast Survey, […] (Report No. 170), Washington, D.C.: Printed at the National Intelligencer Office, published 19 February 1843, →OCLC, note 19, pages 32–33:

The original base lines, which form the starting points of the survey, require to be measured by apparatus of the most delicate nature, since any error, committed in the early part of this work, will necessarily be multiplied throughout the series of triangulations which rest upon it. […] Nor is less precision necessary in the measurement of the angles of the primary and secondary triangulations, which serve as checks upon each other, since the position of any point in the former is determined by each of these series.

1849 January–March, “Stated Meeting, January 19”, in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, […], volume V, number 42, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published for the [American Philosophical] Society, [b]y John C. Clark, […], published 1854, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 57–58:

(uncountable, surveying) A technique in which distances and directions are estimated from an accurately measured baseline and the principles of trigonometry; (countable) an instance of the use of this technique.

[…] I have placed myself in communication with the Astronomer Royal, for the purpose of considering the steps necessary to be taken to effect the connexion required, between the triangulation of Great Britain and that of Belgium. […] I have also placed myself in communication with General Nerenburger, Director of the Dêpot de la Guerre at Brussels, and have received from him the diagram of the Belgian triangulation, with descriptions of the stations with which it is necessary to connect our triangulation, and we possess a copy of the triangulation of France.

1860 November 29, Henry James, “Appendix. [Official Correspondence, Letter C.]”, in Extension of the Triangulation of the Ordnance Survey into France and Belgium […], London: Printed by George Edward Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […], for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, published 1863, →OCLC, paragraphs 1–2, pages 57–58:

(countable, surveying) The network of triangles so obtained, that are the basis of a chart or map.


stadia

(surveying) A level staff or graduated rod used by surveyors to measure differences in level, or to measure horizontal distances by sighting the stadia hairs (graduations) through a telescope.


stadia

→ English: stadia


alidade

alidades (plural)
alhidade (alternative)
alhidad (alternative)
alidad (alternative)

From French alidade, from Spanish alidada, from Arabic العِضَادَة (al-ʕiḍāda), perhaps from عَضُد (ʕaḍud, “upper arm”).

(cartography, astronomy, surveying) A type of sighting device used for measuring angles.


alidade

(cartography, astronomy, surveying) alidade (sighting device used for measuring angles)


cutline

If you stop and get out, you will see a cutline for line-of-sight surveying.

(surveying, travel) A linear cleared area through undeveloped land.


dumpy

First attested in 1750; exact origin unknown. Perhaps derived from, or cognate with, dumpling, or from the noun sense of dump.

Most manufacturers have ceased making dumpies, and a number have even stopped making tilting levels, […]

2012, Raymond Paul, Walter Whyte, Basic Surveying, page 82:


circumferentor

(surveying) An instrument used to measure horizontal angles, consisting of a brass circle and an index, all of one piece.


protract

en-verb

protract (third-person singular simple present protracts, present participle protracting, simple past and past participle protracted)

protracts (present singular third-person)
protracting (participle present)
protracted (participle past)
protracted (past)

From the past participle stem of Latin prōtrahō. By surface analysis, pro- + tract.

This is a synopsis of our marches, which, protracted on Burckhardt’s map, gives an error of ten miles.

1856, Richard Francis Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah, London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, Volume 3, Chapter 25, page 147, footnote:

(surveying) To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.


striga

la-noun

striga f (genitive strigae); first declension

strigae (genitive)
striga (nominative singular)
strigae (nominative plural)
strigae (genitive singular)
strigārum (genitive plural)
strigae (dative singular)
strigīs (dative plural)
strigam (accusative singular)
strigās (accusative plural)
strigā (ablative singular)
strigīs (ablative plural)
striga (singular vocative)
strigae (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *strigā, from what looks like a cross of Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to brush, strip, shear”) and Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“to draw, tie”).

der

(surveying) A strip of ground longer than broad.

A strip of ground longer than broad.
A side-avenue in camp.


backsight

(surveying) A measurement or reading taken back towards a point of known elevation, used to calculate the height of the surveying instrument (theodolite, transit, total station).

(surveying) A measurement of a previously shot point, used to set the angle to zero when occupying a new position.


backsight

en-verb

backsight (third-person singular simple present backsights, present participle backsighting, simple past and past participle backsighted)

backsights (present singular third-person)
backsighting (participle present)
backsighted (participle past)
backsighted (past)


水準

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sɵn³⁵/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡suŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sɵn³⁵/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡suŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

water level
(specifically, surveying) level


leveling

en-noun

leveling (countable and uncountable, plural levelings)

levelings (plural)
levelling (alternative)

(surveying, archaeology) The process of measuring levels to establish heights and altitudes.


fixpunkt

fixpunkt (indefinite nominative singular)
fixpunkts (genitive indefinite singular)
fixpunkten (definite nominative singular)
fixpunktens (definite genitive singular)
fixpunkter (indefinite nominative plural)
fixpunkters (genitive indefinite plural)
fixpunkterna (definite nominative plural)
fixpunkternas (definite genitive plural)


frons

la-noun

frōns f or m (genitive frontis); third declension

frōns (canonical feminine masculine)
frontis (genitive)
frōns (nominative singular)
frontēs (nominative plural)
frontis (genitive singular)
frontium (genitive plural)
frontī (dative singular)
frontibus (dative plural)
frontem (accusative singular)
frontēs (accusative plural)
frontīs (accusative plural)
fronte (ablative singular)
frontibus (ablative plural)
frōns (singular vocative)
frontēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian: fruant

Eastern Romance:

desc

Aromanian: frãmti f, frãmte, frumti, frumte, frunti, frunte

Romanian: frunte f

Italian: fronte f

desctree

Old French: front m
French: front m (see there for further descendants)
Norman: front m
→ Dutch: front
→ Middle English: frount, ffront, ffrount, front, fronte, frounte, frountte, frownt, frownte, frunt, frunte
English: front (see there for further descendants)
Scots: front

Old Leonese:

Asturian: frente f

Old Occitan: front

Catalan: front m

Occitan: frònt m

Old Galician-Portuguese: fronte

Galician: fronte f

Portuguese: fronte f

Old Spanish: fruente f

Ladino:

Hebrew script: פ׳רינטי

Latin script: frente

Spanish: frente f (see there for further descendants)

Romagnol: frònta

Sicilian: frunti f

→ English: frons

→ Friulian: front

→ Romansch: frunt, frùnt, front

→ Sardinian: fronte, fronti, frunte

→ Spanish: frontis

→ Venetan: front

Unknown. Pokorny compares Irish braine (“prow, edge”), Old Norse brandr (“acroterium”)), deriving them from *bʰren- (“to project; edge”).

(surveying, geography) frontage (the part facing the road, river, coastline), usually in ref. to its length

the coastline; a projecting piece of coast


latta

latta (nominative singular)
latat (nominative plural)
latta (accusative nominative singular)
latat (accusative nominative plural)
latan (accusative genitive singular)
latat (accusative genitive plural)
latan (genitive singular)
lattojen (genitive plural)
lattain (genitive plural rare)
lattaa (partitive singular)
lattoja (partitive plural)
latassa (inessive singular)
latoissa (inessive plural)
latasta (elative singular)
latoista (elative plural)
lattaan (illative singular)
lattoihin (illative plural)
latalla (adessive singular)
latoilla (adessive plural)
latalta (ablative singular)
latoilta (ablative plural)
latalle (allative singular)
latoille (allative plural)
lattana (essive singular)
lattoina (essive plural)
lataksi (singular translative)
latoiksi (plural translative)
latatta (abessive singular)
latoitta (abessive plural)
latoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
lattani (nominative singular)
lattani (nominative plural)
lattani (accusative nominative singular)
lattani (accusative nominative plural)
lattani (accusative genitive singular)
lattani (accusative genitive plural)
lattani (genitive singular)
lattojeni (genitive plural)
lattaini (genitive plural rare)
lattaani (partitive singular)
lattojani (partitive plural)
latassani (inessive singular)
latoissani (inessive plural)
latastani (elative singular)
latoistani (elative plural)
lattaani (illative singular)
lattoihini (illative plural)
latallani (adessive singular)
latoillani (adessive plural)
lataltani (ablative singular)
latoiltani (ablative plural)
latalleni (allative singular)
latoilleni (allative plural)
lattanani (essive singular)
lattoinani (essive plural)
latakseni (singular translative)
latoikseni (plural translative)
latattani (abessive singular)
latoittani (abessive plural)
lattoineni (comitative plural)
lattasi (nominative singular)
lattasi (nominative plural)
lattasi (accusative nominative singular)
lattasi (accusative nominative plural)
lattasi (accusative genitive singular)
lattasi (accusative genitive plural)
lattasi (genitive singular)
lattojesi (genitive plural)
lattaisi (genitive plural rare)
lattaasi (partitive singular)
lattojasi (partitive plural)
latassasi (inessive singular)
latoissasi (inessive plural)
latastasi (elative singular)
latoistasi (elative plural)
lattaasi (illative singular)
lattoihisi (illative plural)
latallasi (adessive singular)
latoillasi (adessive plural)
lataltasi (ablative singular)
latoiltasi (ablative plural)
latallesi (allative singular)
latoillesi (allative plural)
lattanasi (essive singular)
lattoinasi (essive plural)
lataksesi (singular translative)
latoiksesi (plural translative)
latattasi (abessive singular)
latoittasi (abessive plural)
lattoinesi (comitative plural)
lattamme (nominative singular)
lattamme (nominative plural)
lattamme (accusative nominative singular)
lattamme (accusative nominative plural)
lattamme (accusative genitive singular)
lattamme (accusative genitive plural)
lattamme (genitive singular)
lattojemme (genitive plural)
lattaimme (genitive plural rare)
lattaamme (partitive singular)
lattojamme (partitive plural)
latassamme (inessive singular)
latoissamme (inessive plural)
latastamme (elative singular)
latoistamme (elative plural)
lattaamme (illative singular)
lattoihimme (illative plural)
latallamme (adessive singular)
latoillamme (adessive plural)
lataltamme (ablative singular)
latoiltamme (ablative plural)
latallemme (allative singular)
latoillemme (allative plural)
lattanamme (essive singular)
lattoinamme (essive plural)
lataksemme (singular translative)
latoiksemme (plural translative)
latattamme (abessive singular)
latoittamme (abessive plural)
lattoinemme (comitative plural)
lattanne (nominative singular)
lattanne (nominative plural)
lattanne (accusative nominative singular)
lattanne (accusative nominative plural)
lattanne (accusative genitive singular)
lattanne (accusative genitive plural)
lattanne (genitive singular)
lattojenne (genitive plural)
lattainne (genitive plural rare)
lattaanne (partitive singular)
lattojanne (partitive plural)
latassanne (inessive singular)
latoissanne (inessive plural)
latastanne (elative singular)
latoistanne (elative plural)
lattaanne (illative singular)
lattoihinne (illative plural)
latallanne (adessive singular)
latoillanne (adessive plural)
lataltanne (ablative singular)
latoiltanne (ablative plural)
latallenne (allative singular)
latoillenne (allative plural)
lattananne (essive singular)
lattoinanne (essive plural)
lataksenne (singular translative)
latoiksenne (plural translative)
latattanne (abessive singular)
latoittanne (abessive plural)
lattoinenne (comitative plural)
lattansa (nominative singular)
lattansa (nominative plural)
lattansa (accusative nominative singular)
lattansa (accusative nominative plural)
lattansa (accusative genitive singular)
lattansa (accusative genitive plural)
lattansa (genitive singular)
lattojensa (genitive plural)
lattainsa (genitive plural rare)
lattaansa (partitive singular)
lattojaan (partitive plural)
lattojansa (partitive plural)
latassaan (inessive singular)
latassansa (inessive singular)
latoissaan (inessive plural)
latoissansa (inessive plural)
latastaan (elative singular)
latastansa (elative singular)
latoistaan (elative plural)
latoistansa (elative plural)
lattaansa (illative singular)
lattoihinsa (illative plural)
latallaan (adessive singular)
latallansa (adessive singular)
latoillaan (adessive plural)
latoillansa (adessive plural)
lataltaan (ablative singular)
lataltansa (ablative singular)
latoiltaan (ablative plural)
latoiltansa (ablative plural)
latalleen (allative singular)
latallensa (allative singular)
latoilleen (allative plural)
latoillensa (allative plural)
lattanaan (essive singular)
lattanansa (essive singular)
lattoinaan (essive plural)
lattoinansa (essive plural)
latakseen (singular translative)
lataksensa (singular translative)
latoikseen (plural translative)
latoiksensa (plural translative)
latattaan (abessive singular)
latattansa (abessive singular)
latoittaan (abessive plural)
latoittansa (abessive plural)
lattoineen (comitative plural)
lattoinensa (comitative plural)


zero-order design

en-noun

zero-order design (plural zero-order designs)

Developed by NASA for excavation on the Moon.

(surveying) An optimal network design within a computer. It involves choosing an optimal reference system and revolving it around a certain real number.


geoidi

geoidi (nominative singular)
geoidit (nominative plural)
geoidi (accusative nominative singular)
geoidit (accusative nominative plural)
geoidin (accusative genitive singular)
geoidit (accusative genitive plural)
geoidin (genitive singular)
geoidien (genitive plural)
geoidia (partitive singular)
geoideja (partitive plural)
geoidissa (inessive singular)
geoideissa (inessive plural)
geoidista (elative singular)
geoideista (elative plural)
geoidiin (illative singular)
geoideihin (illative plural)
geoidilla (adessive singular)
geoideilla (adessive plural)
geoidilta (ablative singular)
geoideilta (ablative plural)
geoidille (allative singular)
geoideille (allative plural)
geoidina (essive singular)
geoideina (essive plural)
geoidiksi (singular translative)
geoideiksi (plural translative)
geoiditta (abessive singular)
geoideitta (abessive plural)
geoidein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
geoidini (nominative singular)
geoidini (nominative plural)
geoidini (accusative nominative singular)
geoidini (accusative nominative plural)
geoidini (accusative genitive singular)
geoidini (accusative genitive plural)
geoidini (genitive singular)
geoidieni (genitive plural)
geoidiani (partitive singular)
geoidejani (partitive plural)
geoidissani (inessive singular)
geoideissani (inessive plural)
geoidistani (elative singular)
geoideistani (elative plural)
geoidiini (illative singular)
geoideihini (illative plural)
geoidillani (adessive singular)
geoideillani (adessive plural)
geoidiltani (ablative singular)
geoideiltani (ablative plural)
geoidilleni (allative singular)
geoideilleni (allative plural)
geoidinani (essive singular)
geoideinani (essive plural)
geoidikseni (singular translative)
geoideikseni (plural translative)
geoidittani (abessive singular)
geoideittani (abessive plural)
geoideineni (comitative plural)
geoidisi (nominative singular)
geoidisi (nominative plural)
geoidisi (accusative nominative singular)
geoidisi (accusative nominative plural)
geoidisi (accusative genitive singular)
geoidisi (accusative genitive plural)
geoidisi (genitive singular)
geoidiesi (genitive plural)
geoidiasi (partitive singular)
geoidejasi (partitive plural)
geoidissasi (inessive singular)
geoideissasi (inessive plural)
geoidistasi (elative singular)
geoideistasi (elative plural)
geoidiisi (illative singular)
geoideihisi (illative plural)
geoidillasi (adessive singular)
geoideillasi (adessive plural)
geoidiltasi (ablative singular)
geoideiltasi (ablative plural)
geoidillesi (allative singular)
geoideillesi (allative plural)
geoidinasi (essive singular)
geoideinasi (essive plural)
geoidiksesi (singular translative)
geoideiksesi (plural translative)
geoidittasi (abessive singular)
geoideittasi (abessive plural)
geoideinesi (comitative plural)
geoidimme (nominative singular)
geoidimme (nominative plural)
geoidimme (accusative nominative singular)
geoidimme (accusative nominative plural)
geoidimme (accusative genitive singular)
geoidimme (accusative genitive plural)
geoidimme (genitive singular)
geoidiemme (genitive plural)
geoidiamme (partitive singular)
geoidejamme (partitive plural)
geoidissamme (inessive singular)
geoideissamme (inessive plural)
geoidistamme (elative singular)
geoideistamme (elative plural)
geoidiimme (illative singular)
geoideihimme (illative plural)
geoidillamme (adessive singular)
geoideillamme (adessive plural)
geoidiltamme (ablative singular)
geoideiltamme (ablative plural)
geoidillemme (allative singular)
geoideillemme (allative plural)
geoidinamme (essive singular)
geoideinamme (essive plural)
geoidiksemme (singular translative)
geoideiksemme (plural translative)
geoidittamme (abessive singular)
geoideittamme (abessive plural)
geoideinemme (comitative plural)
geoidinne (nominative singular)
geoidinne (nominative plural)
geoidinne (accusative nominative singular)
geoidinne (accusative nominative plural)
geoidinne (accusative genitive singular)
geoidinne (accusative genitive plural)
geoidinne (genitive singular)
geoidienne (genitive plural)
geoidianne (partitive singular)
geoidejanne (partitive plural)
geoidissanne (inessive singular)
geoideissanne (inessive plural)
geoidistanne (elative singular)
geoideistanne (elative plural)
geoidiinne (illative singular)
geoideihinne (illative plural)
geoidillanne (adessive singular)
geoideillanne (adessive plural)
geoidiltanne (ablative singular)
geoideiltanne (ablative plural)
geoidillenne (allative singular)
geoideillenne (allative plural)
geoidinanne (essive singular)
geoideinanne (essive plural)
geoidiksenne (singular translative)
geoideiksenne (plural translative)
geoidittanne (abessive singular)
geoideittanne (abessive plural)
geoideinenne (comitative plural)
geoidinsa (nominative singular)
geoidinsa (nominative plural)
geoidinsa (accusative nominative singular)
geoidinsa (accusative nominative plural)
geoidinsa (accusative genitive singular)
geoidinsa (accusative genitive plural)
geoidinsa (genitive singular)
geoidiensa (genitive plural)
geoidiaan (partitive singular)
geoidiansa (partitive singular)
geoidejaan (partitive plural)
geoidejansa (partitive plural)
geoidissaan (inessive singular)
geoidissansa (inessive singular)
geoideissaan (inessive plural)
geoideissansa (inessive plural)
geoidistaan (elative singular)
geoidistansa (elative singular)
geoideistaan (elative plural)
geoideistansa (elative plural)
geoidiinsa (illative singular)
geoideihinsa (illative plural)
geoidillaan (adessive singular)
geoidillansa (adessive singular)
geoideillaan (adessive plural)
geoideillansa (adessive plural)
geoidiltaan (ablative singular)
geoidiltansa (ablative singular)
geoideiltaan (ablative plural)
geoideiltansa (ablative plural)
geoidilleen (allative singular)
geoidillensa (allative singular)
geoideilleen (allative plural)
geoideillensa (allative plural)
geoidinaan (essive singular)
geoidinansa (essive singular)
geoideinaan (essive plural)
geoideinansa (essive plural)
geoidikseen (singular translative)
geoidiksensa (singular translative)
geoideikseen (plural translative)
geoideiksensa (plural translative)
geoidittaan (abessive singular)
geoidittansa (abessive singular)
geoideittaan (abessive plural)
geoideittansa (abessive plural)
geoideineen (comitative plural)
geoideinensa (comitative plural)

(surveying) geoid (surface of constant gravitational potential at zero elevation)


blow a backsight

en-verb

blow a backsight (third-person singular simple present blows a backsight, present participle blowing a backsight, simple past blew a backsight, past participle blown a backsight)

blows a backsight (present singular third-person)
blowing a backsight (participle present)
blew a backsight (past)
blown a backsight (participle past)

(surveying) To occupy a point, then enter the wrong point for the backsight, or forget to enter the backsight.


ακόντιο

akóntio (romanization)
ακόντια (plural)
ακόντιο (nominative singular)
ακόντια (nominative plural)
ακοντίου (genitive singular)
ακόντιου (genitive singular)
ακοντίων (genitive plural)
ακόντιο (accusative singular)
ακόντια (accusative plural)
ακόντιο (singular vocative)
ακόντια (plural vocative)

(surveying) aligning pole, levelling staff


PK nail

An initialism of the Parker-Kalon Company, the original manufacturer.

(surveying) A thick-shanked nail with an indentation in the middle of its head, driven into the ground to mark a position precisely.


resection

(surveying) A method of determining a position by using a map and compass bearings for two additional points.


resection

resection (third-person singular simple present resections, present participle resectioning, simple past and past participle resectioned)

resections (present singular third-person)
resectioning (participle present)
resectioned (participle past)
resectioned (past)

The Senior class was drilled in the use of the plane table; in resectioning on unknown points, the "three point problem," etc.

1913, University of Texas Record - Volume 11, page 454:

After construction of earthwork is completed the work should be resectioned and the estimates for final payment made according to the information thus obtained.

1918, Michigan Engineers Annual - Volumes 36-37, page 125:

For an independent check of the work, and a better indication of its accuracy, the point should be resectioned, as described in the next section.

2014, Aylmer Johnson, Plane and Geodetic Surveying, Second Edition, →ISBN, page 27:

(surveying) To determine positions using compass bearings based on three or more known positions.


picchettare

it-verb

picchettàre (first-person singular present picchétto, first-person singular past historic picchettài, past participle picchettàto, auxiliary avére)

picchettàre (canonical)
picchétto (first-person present singular)
picchettài (first-person historic past singular)
picchettàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
picchettàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
picchettàndo (gerund)
picchettànte (participle present)
picchettàto (participle past)
picchétto (first-person indicative present singular)
picchétti (indicative present second-person singular)
picchétta (indicative present singular third-person)
picchettiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
picchettàte (indicative plural present second-person)
picchéttano (indicative plural present third-person)
picchettàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
picchettàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
picchettàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
picchettavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
picchettavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
picchettàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
picchettài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
picchettàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
picchettò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
picchettàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
picchettàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
picchettàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
picchetterò (first-person future indicative singular)
picchetterài (future indicative second-person singular)
picchetterà (future indicative singular third-person)
picchetterémo (first-person future indicative plural)
picchetteréte (future indicative plural second-person)
picchetterànno (future indicative plural third-person)
picchetterèi (conditional first-person singular)
picchetterésti (conditional second-person singular)
picchetterèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
picchetterébbe (conditional singular third-person)
picchetterémmo (conditional first-person plural)
picchetteréste (conditional plural second-person)
picchetterèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
picchetterébbero (conditional plural third-person)
picchétti (first-person present singular subjunctive)
picchétti (present second-person singular subjunctive)
picchétti (present singular subjunctive third-person)
picchettiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
picchettiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
picchéttino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
picchettàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
picchettàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
picchettàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
picchettàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
picchettàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
picchettàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
picchétta (imperative second-person singular)
picchétti (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
picchettiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
picchettàte (imperative plural second-person)
picchéttino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
picchettàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
picchétti (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
picchettiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
picchettàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
picchéttino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

From piccare + -ettare, or from picchetto (“stake”) + -are.

(transitive, surveying) to delimit with pickets or stakes, to stake out (an area of land, a field, a road, etc.)


vaaita

vaaitsen (first-person indicative present singular)
en vaaitse (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen vaainnut (first-person indicative perfect singular)
en ole vaainnut (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
vaaitset (indicative present second-person singular)
et vaaitse (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet vaainnut (indicative perfect second-person singular)
et ole vaainnut (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
vaaitsee (indicative present singular third-person)
ei vaaitse (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on vaainnut (indicative perfect singular third-person)
ei ole vaainnut (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
vaaitsemme (first-person indicative plural present)
emme vaaitse (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme vaainneet (first-person indicative perfect plural)
emme ole vaainneet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
vaaitsette (indicative plural present second-person)
ette vaaitse (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette vaainneet (indicative perfect plural second-person)
ette ole vaainneet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
vaaitsevat (indicative plural present third-person)
eivät vaaitse (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat vaainneet (indicative perfect plural third-person)
eivät ole vaainneet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
vaaitaan (indicative passive present)
ei vaaita (indicative negative passive present)
on vaaittu (indicative passive perfect)
ei ole vaaittu (indicative negative passive perfect)
vaaitsin (first-person indicative past singular)
en vaainnut (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin vaainnut (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
en ollut vaainnut (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
vaaitsit (indicative past second-person singular)
et vaainnut (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit vaainnut (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
et ollut vaainnut (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
vaaitsi (indicative past singular third-person)
ei vaainnut (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli vaainnut (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ei ollut vaainnut (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
vaaitsimme (first-person indicative past plural)
emme vaainneet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme vaainneet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
emme olleet vaainneet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
vaaitsitte (indicative past plural second-person)
ette vaainneet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte vaainneet (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ette olleet vaainneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
vaaitsivat (indicative past plural third-person)
eivät vaainneet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat vaainneet (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
eivät olleet vaainneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
vaaittiin (indicative passive past)
ei vaaittu (indicative negative passive past)
oli vaaittu (indicative passive pluperfect)
ei ollut vaaittu (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
vaaitsisin (conditional first-person present singular)
en vaaitsisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin vaainnut (conditional first-person perfect singular)
en olisi vaainnut (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
vaaitsisit (conditional present second-person singular)
et vaaitsisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit vaainnut (conditional perfect second-person singular)
et olisi vaainnut (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
vaaitsisi (conditional present singular third-person)
ei vaaitsisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi vaainnut (conditional perfect singular third-person)
ei olisi vaainnut (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
vaaitsisimme (conditional first-person plural present)
emme vaaitsisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme vaainneet (conditional first-person perfect plural)
emme olisi vaainneet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
vaaitsisitte (conditional plural present second-person)
ette vaaitsisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte vaainneet (conditional perfect plural second-person)
ette olisi vaainneet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
vaaitsisivat (conditional plural present third-person)
eivät vaaitsisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat vaainneet (conditional perfect plural third-person)
eivät olisi vaainneet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
vaaittaisiin (conditional passive present)
ei vaaittaisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi vaaittu (conditional passive perfect)
ei olisi vaaittu (conditional negative passive perfect)
vaaitse (imperative present second-person singular)
älä vaaitse (imperative negative present second-person singular)
vaaitkoon (imperative present singular third-person)
älköön vaaitko (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon vaainnut (imperative perfect singular third-person)
älköön olko vaainnut (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
vaaitkaamme (first-person imperative plural present)
älkäämme vaaitko (first-person imperative negative plural present)
vaaitkaa (imperative plural present second-person)
älkää vaaitko (imperative negative plural present second-person)
vaaitkoot (imperative plural present third-person)
älkööt vaaitko (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot vaainneet (imperative perfect plural third-person)
älkööt olko vaainneet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
vaaittakoon (imperative passive present)
älköön vaaittako (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon vaaittu (imperative passive perfect)
älköön olko vaaittu (imperative negative passive perfect)
vaainnen (first-person potential present singular)
en vaainne (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen vaainnut (first-person perfect potential singular)
en liene vaainnut (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
vaainnet (potential present second-person singular)
et vaainne (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet vaainnut (perfect potential second-person singular)
et liene vaainnut (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
vaainnee (potential present singular third-person)
ei vaainne (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee vaainnut (perfect potential singular third-person)
ei liene vaainnut (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
vaainnemme (first-person plural potential present)
emme vaainne (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme vaainneet (first-person perfect plural potential)
emme liene vaainneet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
vaainnette (plural potential present second-person)
ette vaainne (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette vaainneet (perfect plural potential second-person)
ette liene vaainneet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
vaainnevat (plural potential present third-person)
eivät vaainne (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät vaainneet (perfect plural potential third-person)
eivät liene vaainneet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
vaaittaneen (passive potential present)
ei vaaittane (negative passive potential present)
lienee vaaittu (passive perfect potential)
ei liene vaaittu (negative passive perfect potential)
vaaita (infinitive infinitive-i)
vaaitseva (active participle present)
vaaittava (participle passive present)
vaaitakseni (first-person possessive singular)
vaaitaksemme (first-person plural possessive)
vaaitaksesi (possessive second-person singular)
vaaitaksenne (plural possessive second-person)
vaaitakseen (possessive third-person)
vaaitaksensa (possessive third-person)
vaainnut (infinitive-i-long past)
vaaittu (infinitive-i-long past)
vaaitessa (inessive second-person)
vaaittaessa (inessive second-person)
vaaitsema (agent)
vaaitessani (first-person possessive singular)
vaaitessamme (first-person plural possessive)
vaaitessasi (possessive second-person singular)
vaaitessanne (plural possessive second-person)
vaaitessaan (possessive third-person)
vaaitessansa (possessive third-person)
vaaitsematon (inessive negative second-person)
vaaiten (instructive second-person)
vaaitsemassa (inessive third-person)
vaaitsemasta (elative third-person)
vaaitsemaan (illative third-person)
vaaitsemalla (adessive third-person)
vaaitsematta (abessive third-person)
vaaitseman (instructive third-person)
vaaittaman (instructive third-person)
vaaitseminen (fourth-person noun-from-verb)
vaaitsemaisillani (first-person possessive singular)
vaaitsemaisillamme (first-person plural possessive)
vaaitsemaisillasi (possessive second-person singular)
vaaitsemaisillanne (plural possessive second-person)
vaaitsemaisillaan (possessive third-person)
vaaitsemaisillansa (possessive third-person)

[ˈʋɑ̝ː.it̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

(surveying) to level (determine the height level of a point in relation to another)


chainman

It was the chainman's job to drag the twenty-two-yard chain with its hundred links with which the world was measured.

2023, Richard Flanagan, Question 7, Knopf, page 8:

(surveying) One who uses a chain or measuring tape.


keppimies

keppimies (nominative singular)
keppimiehet (nominative plural)
keppimies (accusative nominative singular)
keppimiehet (accusative nominative plural)
keppimiehen (accusative genitive singular)
keppimiehet (accusative genitive plural)
keppimiehen (genitive singular)
keppimiesten (genitive plural)
keppimiehien (genitive plural)
keppimiestä (partitive singular)
keppimiehiä (partitive plural)
keppimiehessä (inessive singular)
keppimiehissä (inessive plural)
keppimiehestä (elative singular)
keppimiehistä (elative plural)
keppimieheen (illative singular)
keppimiehiin (illative plural)
keppimiehellä (adessive singular)
keppimiehillä (adessive plural)
keppimieheltä (ablative singular)
keppimiehiltä (ablative plural)
keppimiehelle (allative singular)
keppimiehille (allative plural)
keppimiehenä (essive singular)
keppimiehinä (essive plural)
keppimieheksi (singular translative)
keppimiehiksi (plural translative)
keppimiehettä (abessive singular)
keppimiehittä (abessive plural)
keppimiehin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
keppimieheni (nominative singular)
keppimieheni (nominative plural)
keppimieheni (accusative nominative singular)
keppimieheni (accusative nominative plural)
keppimieheni (accusative genitive singular)
keppimieheni (accusative genitive plural)
keppimieheni (genitive singular)
keppimiesteni (genitive plural)
keppimiehieni (genitive plural)
keppimiestäni (partitive singular)
keppimiehiäni (partitive plural)
keppimiehessäni (inessive singular)
keppimiehissäni (inessive plural)
keppimiehestäni (elative singular)
keppimiehistäni (elative plural)
keppimieheeni (illative singular)
keppimiehiini (illative plural)
keppimiehelläni (adessive singular)
keppimiehilläni (adessive plural)
keppimieheltäni (ablative singular)
keppimiehiltäni (ablative plural)
keppimiehelleni (allative singular)
keppimiehilleni (allative plural)
keppimiehenäni (essive singular)
keppimiehinäni (essive plural)
keppimiehekseni (singular translative)
keppimiehikseni (plural translative)
keppimiehettäni (abessive singular)
keppimiehittäni (abessive plural)
keppimiehineni (comitative plural)
keppimiehesi (nominative singular)
keppimiehesi (nominative plural)
keppimiehesi (accusative nominative singular)
keppimiehesi (accusative nominative plural)
keppimiehesi (accusative genitive singular)
keppimiehesi (accusative genitive plural)
keppimiehesi (genitive singular)
keppimiestesi (genitive plural)
keppimiehiesi (genitive plural)
keppimiestäsi (partitive singular)
keppimiehiäsi (partitive plural)
keppimiehessäsi (inessive singular)
keppimiehissäsi (inessive plural)
keppimiehestäsi (elative singular)
keppimiehistäsi (elative plural)
keppimieheesi (illative singular)
keppimiehiisi (illative plural)
keppimiehelläsi (adessive singular)
keppimiehilläsi (adessive plural)
keppimieheltäsi (ablative singular)
keppimiehiltäsi (ablative plural)
keppimiehellesi (allative singular)
keppimiehillesi (allative plural)
keppimiehenäsi (essive singular)
keppimiehinäsi (essive plural)
keppimieheksesi (singular translative)
keppimiehiksesi (plural translative)
keppimiehettäsi (abessive singular)
keppimiehittäsi (abessive plural)
keppimiehinesi (comitative plural)
keppimiehemme (nominative singular)
keppimiehemme (nominative plural)
keppimiehemme (accusative nominative singular)
keppimiehemme (accusative nominative plural)
keppimiehemme (accusative genitive singular)
keppimiehemme (accusative genitive plural)
keppimiehemme (genitive singular)
keppimiestemme (genitive plural)
keppimiehiemme (genitive plural)
keppimiestämme (partitive singular)
keppimiehiämme (partitive plural)
keppimiehessämme (inessive singular)
keppimiehissämme (inessive plural)
keppimiehestämme (elative singular)
keppimiehistämme (elative plural)
keppimieheemme (illative singular)
keppimiehiimme (illative plural)
keppimiehellämme (adessive singular)
keppimiehillämme (adessive plural)
keppimieheltämme (ablative singular)
keppimiehiltämme (ablative plural)
keppimiehellemme (allative singular)
keppimiehillemme (allative plural)
keppimiehenämme (essive singular)
keppimiehinämme (essive plural)
keppimieheksemme (singular translative)
keppimiehiksemme (plural translative)
keppimiehettämme (abessive singular)
keppimiehittämme (abessive plural)
keppimiehinemme (comitative plural)
keppimiehenne (nominative singular)
keppimiehenne (nominative plural)
keppimiehenne (accusative nominative singular)
keppimiehenne (accusative nominative plural)
keppimiehenne (accusative genitive singular)
keppimiehenne (accusative genitive plural)
keppimiehenne (genitive singular)
keppimiestenne (genitive plural)
keppimiehienne (genitive plural)
keppimiestänne (partitive singular)
keppimiehiänne (partitive plural)
keppimiehessänne (inessive singular)
keppimiehissänne (inessive plural)
keppimiehestänne (elative singular)
keppimiehistänne (elative plural)
keppimieheenne (illative singular)
keppimiehiinne (illative plural)
keppimiehellänne (adessive singular)
keppimiehillänne (adessive plural)
keppimieheltänne (ablative singular)
keppimiehiltänne (ablative plural)
keppimiehellenne (allative singular)
keppimiehillenne (allative plural)
keppimiehenänne (essive singular)
keppimiehinänne (essive plural)
keppimieheksenne (singular translative)
keppimiehiksenne (plural translative)
keppimiehettänne (abessive singular)
keppimiehittänne (abessive plural)
keppimiehinenne (comitative plural)
keppimiehensä (nominative singular)
keppimiehensä (nominative plural)
keppimiehensä (accusative nominative singular)
keppimiehensä (accusative nominative plural)
keppimiehensä (accusative genitive singular)
keppimiehensä (accusative genitive plural)
keppimiehensä (genitive singular)
keppimiestensä (genitive plural)
keppimiehiensä (genitive plural)
keppimiestään (partitive singular)
keppimiestänsä (partitive singular)
keppimiehiään (partitive plural)
keppimiehiänsä (partitive plural)
keppimiehessään (inessive singular)
keppimiehessänsä (inessive singular)
keppimiehissään (inessive plural)
keppimiehissänsä (inessive plural)
keppimiehestään (elative singular)
keppimiehestänsä (elative singular)
keppimiehistään (elative plural)
keppimiehistänsä (elative plural)
keppimieheensä (illative singular)
keppimiehiinsä (illative plural)
keppimiehellään (adessive singular)
keppimiehellänsä (adessive singular)
keppimiehillään (adessive plural)
keppimiehillänsä (adessive plural)
keppimieheltään (ablative singular)
keppimieheltänsä (ablative singular)
keppimiehiltään (ablative plural)
keppimiehiltänsä (ablative plural)
keppimiehelleen (allative singular)
keppimiehellensä (allative singular)
keppimiehilleen (allative plural)
keppimiehillensä (allative plural)
keppimiehenään (essive singular)
keppimiehenänsä (essive singular)
keppimiehinään (essive plural)
keppimiehinänsä (essive plural)
keppimiehekseen (singular translative)
keppimieheksensä (singular translative)
keppimiehikseen (plural translative)
keppimiehiksensä (plural translative)
keppimiehettään (abessive singular)
keppimiehettänsä (abessive singular)
keppimiehittään (abessive plural)
keppimiehittänsä (abessive plural)
keppimiehineen (comitative plural)
keppimiehinensä (comitative plural)


traverse

From Middle English traversen, from Old French traverser, from Latin trans (“across”) + versus (“turned”), perfect passive participle of Latin vertere (“to turn”).

At the entrance of the king, the first traverse was drawn, and the lower descent of the mountain discovered, which was the pendant of a hill to life, with divers boscages and grovets upon the steep or hanging grounds thereof.

1811, Ben Jonson, The Dramatic Works: Embellished with Portraits, volume 4, page 571:

(surveying) A series of points, with angles and distances measured between, traveled around a subject, usually for use as "control" i.e. angular reference system for later surveying work.


azimut

From Dutch azimut, from French azimut, from Arabic اَلسُّمُوت (as-sumūt).


heliotrop

pl-noun

heliotrop m inan (related adjective heliotropowy)

heliotropowy (adjective)
heliotrop (nominative singular)
heliotropy (nominative plural)
heliotropu (genitive singular)
heliotropów (genitive plural)
heliotropowi (dative singular)
heliotropom (dative plural)
heliotrop (accusative singular)
heliotropy (accusative plural)
heliotropem (instrumental singular)
heliotropami (instrumental plural)
heliotropie (locative singular)
heliotropach (locative plural)
heliotropie (singular vocative)
heliotropy (plural vocative)

(surveying) heliotrope (instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight for purposes such as signalling or triangulation)


eite

head

eite f (genitive singular eite, nominative plural eití or eiteadha)

eite (genitive singular)
eití (nominative plural)
eiteadha (nominative plural)
eite (indefinite nominative singular)
eití (indefinite nominative plural)
a eite (indefinite singular vocative)
a eití (indefinite plural vocative)
eite (genitive indefinite singular)
eití (genitive indefinite plural)
eite (dative indefinite singular)
eití (dative indefinite plural)
an eite (definite nominative singular)
na heití (definite nominative plural)
na heite (definite genitive singular)
na n-eití (definite genitive plural)
leis an eite (dative definite singular)
don eite (dative definite singular)
leis na heití (dative definite plural)
eite
n-eite
heite


chainage

en-noun

chainage (countable and uncountable, plural chainages)

(surveying) An imaginary line used to measure distance, often corresponding to the centre of a straight road.

(surveying) A distance measured along such a line.


alidada

alidada (nominative singular)
alidady (nominative plural)
alidady (genitive singular)
alidad (genitive plural)
alidadzie (dative singular)
alidadom (dative plural)
alidadę (accusative singular)
alidady (accusative plural)
alidadą (instrumental singular)
alidadami (instrumental plural)
alidadzie (locative singular)
alidadach (locative plural)
alidado (singular vocative)
alidady (plural vocative)
alhidada (alternative Middle Polish)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin alhidada, from Arabic العِضَادَة (al-ʕiḍāda). First attested in 1683.

ref

Barbara Rykiel-Kempf (02.04.2009) “ALHIDADA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(astronomy, cartography, surveying) alidade


σταδία

stadía (romanization)
σταδίες (plural)
σταδία (nominative singular)
σταδίες (nominative plural)
σταδίας (genitive singular)
σταδιών (genitive plural)
σταδία (accusative singular)
σταδίες (accusative plural)
σταδία (singular vocative)
σταδίες (plural vocative)


level staff

en-noun

level staff (plural level staffs or level staves)

level staffs (plural)
level staves (plural)

(surveying, archaeology) A graduated rod used by surveyors to measure differences in level.


astronomis

id-adj

astronomis (comparative lebih astronomis, superlative paling astronomis)

lebih astronomis (comparative)
paling astronomis (superlative)

Borrowed from Dutch astronomisch (“astronomical”).


typus

la-noun

typus m (genitive typī); second declension

typī (genitive)
typus (nominative singular)
typī (nominative plural)
typī (genitive singular)
typōrum (genitive plural)
typō (dative singular)
typīs (dative plural)
typum (accusative singular)
typōs (accusative plural)
typō (ablative singular)
typīs (ablative plural)
type (singular vocative)
typī (plural vocative)
typos (alternative Classical-Latin)
typhus (alternative Medieval-Latin)

→ Catalan: tipus

desctree

→ English: type
→ Japanese: タイプ
→ Korean: 타입 (taip)

→ French: type
→ Polish: typ
→ Romanian: tip
→ Persian: تیپ (tip)
→ Turkish: tip

→ German: Typ

→ Hungarian: típus

Italian: tipo

→ Portuguese: tipo

Spanish: tipo

From Ancient Greek τῠ́πος (tŭ́pos, “mark”, “impression”, “type”), from τῠ́πτω (tŭ́ptō, “I strike, beat”).


geodimeter

Originally a brand name, from geodetic distance meter.

(surveying) An instrument measuring the distance between two points by means of a laser.


GCP

ground control point
ground control point#English

(surveying) Initialism of ground control point.


intervisible

(surveying) Mutually visible; each in sight of the other.


teoiric chriosach

head

teoiric chriosach f (genitive singular teoirice criosaí)

teoirice criosaí (genitive singular)
teoiric chriosach
theoiric chriosach
dteoiric chriosach


base station

(surveying) A GPS receiver at known fixed location, used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS receivers.


plinthus

la-noun

plinthus m or f (genitive plinthī); second declension

plinthī (genitive)
plinthus (nominative singular)
plinthī (nominative plural)
plinthī (genitive singular)
plinthōrum (genitive plural)
plinthō (dative singular)
plinthīs (dative plural)
plinthum (accusative singular)
plinthōs (accusative plural)
plinthō (ablative singular)
plinthīs (ablative plural)
plinthe (singular vocative)
plinthī (plural vocative)

Italian: plinto

Middle French: plinte

French: plinthe

→ Dutch: plint

→ English: plinth

Portuguese: plinto

→ Russian: пли́нтус (plíntus)

→ Ukrainian: плі́нтус (plíntus)

Spanish: plinto

From Ancient Greek πλίνθος (plínthos, “brick”); possibly from earlier Pre-Greek.


Jacob's staff

(surveying) A single straight rod or staff, pointed and iron-shod at the bottom, for penetrating the ground, and having a socket joint at the top, used, instead of a tripod, for supporting a compass.


triangulateration

(surveying) A combination of triangulation and trilateration.


misclosure

en-noun

misclosure (countable and uncountable, plural misclosures)

(surveying) The situation where the last in a series of linked traverse lines fails to join up exactly with the first.


baliseto

baliso (“beacon, marker buoy; balise, signal-pole”) + -et-


traverse table

(nautical, surveying) A table by means of which the difference of latitude and departure corresponding to any given course and distance may be found by inspection. It contains the lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, usually for every quarter of a degree of angle, and for lengths of the hypotenuse, from 1 to 100.


orograph

(surveying) A machine for use in making topographical maps, operated by being pushed across country, and recording distances and elevations.


dumpy level

(surveying) A level having a short telescope, usually an inverting one, rigidly fixed to a table capable only of rotatory movement in a horizontal plane.


side shot

(surveying) A reading or measurement from a survey station to locate a point that is off the traverse or that is not intended to be used as a base for the extension of the survey. It is usually made to determine the position of some object that is to be shown on a map.


moundsman

(historical, surveying) A man employed to dig pits and erect mounds as reference markers for surveys.


stadia hair

(surveying) In a theodolite, etc., one of the horizontal crosshairs equidistant from the central horizontal crosshair.


kolmiopiste

kolmiopiste (nominative singular)
kolmiopisteet (nominative plural)
kolmiopiste (accusative nominative singular)
kolmiopisteet (accusative nominative plural)
kolmiopisteen (accusative genitive singular)
kolmiopisteet (accusative genitive plural)
kolmiopisteen (genitive singular)
kolmiopisteiden (genitive plural)
kolmiopisteitten (genitive plural)
kolmiopistettä (partitive singular)
kolmiopisteitä (partitive plural)
kolmiopisteessä (inessive singular)
kolmiopisteissä (inessive plural)
kolmiopisteestä (elative singular)
kolmiopisteistä (elative plural)
kolmiopisteeseen (illative singular)
kolmiopisteisiin (illative plural)
kolmiopisteihin (illative plural)
kolmiopisteellä (adessive singular)
kolmiopisteillä (adessive plural)
kolmiopisteeltä (ablative singular)
kolmiopisteiltä (ablative plural)
kolmiopisteelle (allative singular)
kolmiopisteille (allative plural)
kolmiopisteenä (essive singular)
kolmiopisteinä (essive plural)
kolmiopisteeksi (singular translative)
kolmiopisteiksi (plural translative)
kolmiopisteettä (abessive singular)
kolmiopisteittä (abessive plural)
kolmiopistein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
kolmiopisteeni (nominative singular)
kolmiopisteeni (nominative plural)
kolmiopisteeni (accusative nominative singular)
kolmiopisteeni (accusative nominative plural)
kolmiopisteeni (accusative genitive singular)
kolmiopisteeni (accusative genitive plural)
kolmiopisteeni (genitive singular)
kolmiopisteideni (genitive plural)
kolmiopisteitteni (genitive plural)
kolmiopistettäni (partitive singular)
kolmiopisteitäni (partitive plural)
kolmiopisteessäni (inessive singular)
kolmiopisteissäni (inessive plural)
kolmiopisteestäni (elative singular)
kolmiopisteistäni (elative plural)
kolmiopisteeseeni (illative singular)
kolmiopisteisiini (illative plural)
kolmiopisteihini (illative plural)
kolmiopisteelläni (adessive singular)
kolmiopisteilläni (adessive plural)
kolmiopisteeltäni (ablative singular)
kolmiopisteiltäni (ablative plural)
kolmiopisteelleni (allative singular)
kolmiopisteilleni (allative plural)
kolmiopisteenäni (essive singular)
kolmiopisteinäni (essive plural)
kolmiopisteekseni (singular translative)
kolmiopisteikseni (plural translative)
kolmiopisteettäni (abessive singular)
kolmiopisteittäni (abessive plural)
kolmiopisteineni (comitative plural)
kolmiopisteesi (nominative singular)
kolmiopisteesi (nominative plural)
kolmiopisteesi (accusative nominative singular)
kolmiopisteesi (accusative nominative plural)
kolmiopisteesi (accusative genitive singular)
kolmiopisteesi (accusative genitive plural)
kolmiopisteesi (genitive singular)
kolmiopisteidesi (genitive plural)
kolmiopisteittesi (genitive plural)
kolmiopistettäsi (partitive singular)
kolmiopisteitäsi (partitive plural)
kolmiopisteessäsi (inessive singular)
kolmiopisteissäsi (inessive plural)
kolmiopisteestäsi (elative singular)
kolmiopisteistäsi (elative plural)
kolmiopisteeseesi (illative singular)
kolmiopisteisiisi (illative plural)
kolmiopisteihisi (illative plural)
kolmiopisteelläsi (adessive singular)
kolmiopisteilläsi (adessive plural)
kolmiopisteeltäsi (ablative singular)
kolmiopisteiltäsi (ablative plural)
kolmiopisteellesi (allative singular)
kolmiopisteillesi (allative plural)
kolmiopisteenäsi (essive singular)
kolmiopisteinäsi (essive plural)
kolmiopisteeksesi (singular translative)
kolmiopisteiksesi (plural translative)
kolmiopisteettäsi (abessive singular)
kolmiopisteittäsi (abessive plural)
kolmiopisteinesi (comitative plural)
kolmiopisteemme (nominative singular)
kolmiopisteemme (nominative plural)
kolmiopisteemme (accusative nominative singular)
kolmiopisteemme (accusative nominative plural)
kolmiopisteemme (accusative genitive singular)
kolmiopisteemme (accusative genitive plural)
kolmiopisteemme (genitive singular)
kolmiopisteidemme (genitive plural)
kolmiopisteittemme (genitive plural)
kolmiopistettämme (partitive singular)
kolmiopisteitämme (partitive plural)
kolmiopisteessämme (inessive singular)
kolmiopisteissämme (inessive plural)
kolmiopisteestämme (elative singular)
kolmiopisteistämme (elative plural)
kolmiopisteeseemme (illative singular)
kolmiopisteisiimme (illative plural)
kolmiopisteihimme (illative plural)
kolmiopisteellämme (adessive singular)
kolmiopisteillämme (adessive plural)
kolmiopisteeltämme (ablative singular)
kolmiopisteiltämme (ablative plural)
kolmiopisteellemme (allative singular)
kolmiopisteillemme (allative plural)
kolmiopisteenämme (essive singular)
kolmiopisteinämme (essive plural)
kolmiopisteeksemme (singular translative)
kolmiopisteiksemme (plural translative)
kolmiopisteettämme (abessive singular)
kolmiopisteittämme (abessive plural)
kolmiopisteinemme (comitative plural)
kolmiopisteenne (nominative singular)
kolmiopisteenne (nominative plural)
kolmiopisteenne (accusative nominative singular)
kolmiopisteenne (accusative nominative plural)
kolmiopisteenne (accusative genitive singular)
kolmiopisteenne (accusative genitive plural)
kolmiopisteenne (genitive singular)
kolmiopisteidenne (genitive plural)
kolmiopisteittenne (genitive plural)
kolmiopistettänne (partitive singular)
kolmiopisteitänne (partitive plural)
kolmiopisteessänne (inessive singular)
kolmiopisteissänne (inessive plural)
kolmiopisteestänne (elative singular)
kolmiopisteistänne (elative plural)
kolmiopisteeseenne (illative singular)
kolmiopisteisiinne (illative plural)
kolmiopisteihinne (illative plural)
kolmiopisteellänne (adessive singular)
kolmiopisteillänne (adessive plural)
kolmiopisteeltänne (ablative singular)
kolmiopisteiltänne (ablative plural)
kolmiopisteellenne (allative singular)
kolmiopisteillenne (allative plural)
kolmiopisteenänne (essive singular)
kolmiopisteinänne (essive plural)
kolmiopisteeksenne (singular translative)
kolmiopisteiksenne (plural translative)
kolmiopisteettänne (abessive singular)
kolmiopisteittänne (abessive plural)
kolmiopisteinenne (comitative plural)
kolmiopisteensä (nominative singular)
kolmiopisteensä (nominative plural)
kolmiopisteensä (accusative nominative singular)
kolmiopisteensä (accusative nominative plural)
kolmiopisteensä (accusative genitive singular)
kolmiopisteensä (accusative genitive plural)
kolmiopisteensä (genitive singular)
kolmiopisteidensä (genitive plural)
kolmiopisteittensä (genitive plural)
kolmiopistettään (partitive singular)
kolmiopistettänsä (partitive singular)
kolmiopisteitään (partitive plural)
kolmiopisteitänsä (partitive plural)
kolmiopisteessään (inessive singular)
kolmiopisteessänsä (inessive singular)
kolmiopisteissään (inessive plural)
kolmiopisteissänsä (inessive plural)
kolmiopisteestään (elative singular)
kolmiopisteestänsä (elative singular)
kolmiopisteistään (elative plural)
kolmiopisteistänsä (elative plural)
kolmiopisteeseensä (illative singular)
kolmiopisteisiinsä (illative plural)
kolmiopisteihinsä (illative plural)
kolmiopisteellään (adessive singular)
kolmiopisteellänsä (adessive singular)
kolmiopisteillään (adessive plural)
kolmiopisteillänsä (adessive plural)
kolmiopisteeltään (ablative singular)
kolmiopisteeltänsä (ablative singular)
kolmiopisteiltään (ablative plural)
kolmiopisteiltänsä (ablative plural)
kolmiopisteelleen (allative singular)
kolmiopisteellensä (allative singular)
kolmiopisteilleen (allative plural)
kolmiopisteillensä (allative plural)
kolmiopisteenään (essive singular)
kolmiopisteenänsä (essive singular)
kolmiopisteinään (essive plural)
kolmiopisteinänsä (essive plural)
kolmiopisteekseen (singular translative)
kolmiopisteeksensä (singular translative)
kolmiopisteikseen (plural translative)
kolmiopisteiksensä (plural translative)
kolmiopisteettään (abessive singular)
kolmiopisteettänsä (abessive singular)
kolmiopisteittään (abessive plural)
kolmiopisteittänsä (abessive plural)
kolmiopisteineen (comitative plural)
kolmiopisteinensä (comitative plural)


vertical deflection

en-noun

vertical deflection (plural vertical deflections)

(surveying) A measure of how far the direction of the local gravity field has been shifted at a certain point on the Earth by local anomalies such as nearby mountains.


levelling staff

levelling staff (plural levelling staffs or levelling staves)

levelling staffs (plural)
levelling staves (plural)
leveling staff (alternative)

(surveying, archaeology) A graduated pole used in the process of establishing heights and altitudes.


άριο

ário (romanization)
άρια (plural)
άριο (nominative singular)
άρια (nominative plural)
άριου (genitive singular)
άριων (genitive plural)
άριο (accusative singular)
άρια (accusative plural)
άριο (singular vocative)
άρια (plural vocative)

(metrology, surveying) are, a unit of area equal to ¹⁄₁₀₀ hectare or 100 square metres


vaaituslatta

vaaituslatta (nominative singular)
vaaituslatat (nominative plural)
vaaituslatta (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituslatat (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituslatan (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituslatat (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituslatan (genitive singular)
vaaituslattojen (genitive plural)
vaaituslattain (genitive plural rare)
vaaituslattaa (partitive singular)
vaaituslattoja (partitive plural)
vaaituslatassa (inessive singular)
vaaituslatoissa (inessive plural)
vaaituslatasta (elative singular)
vaaituslatoista (elative plural)
vaaituslattaan (illative singular)
vaaituslattoihin (illative plural)
vaaituslatalla (adessive singular)
vaaituslatoilla (adessive plural)
vaaituslatalta (ablative singular)
vaaituslatoilta (ablative plural)
vaaituslatalle (allative singular)
vaaituslatoille (allative plural)
vaaituslattana (essive singular)
vaaituslattoina (essive plural)
vaaituslataksi (singular translative)
vaaituslatoiksi (plural translative)
vaaituslatatta (abessive singular)
vaaituslatoitta (abessive plural)
vaaituslatoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
vaaituslattani (nominative singular)
vaaituslattani (nominative plural)
vaaituslattani (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituslattani (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituslattani (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituslattani (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituslattani (genitive singular)
vaaituslattojeni (genitive plural)
vaaituslattaini (genitive plural rare)
vaaituslattaani (partitive singular)
vaaituslattojani (partitive plural)
vaaituslatassani (inessive singular)
vaaituslatoissani (inessive plural)
vaaituslatastani (elative singular)
vaaituslatoistani (elative plural)
vaaituslattaani (illative singular)
vaaituslattoihini (illative plural)
vaaituslatallani (adessive singular)
vaaituslatoillani (adessive plural)
vaaituslataltani (ablative singular)
vaaituslatoiltani (ablative plural)
vaaituslatalleni (allative singular)
vaaituslatoilleni (allative plural)
vaaituslattanani (essive singular)
vaaituslattoinani (essive plural)
vaaituslatakseni (singular translative)
vaaituslatoikseni (plural translative)
vaaituslatattani (abessive singular)
vaaituslatoittani (abessive plural)
vaaituslattoineni (comitative plural)
vaaituslattasi (nominative singular)
vaaituslattasi (nominative plural)
vaaituslattasi (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituslattasi (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituslattasi (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituslattasi (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituslattasi (genitive singular)
vaaituslattojesi (genitive plural)
vaaituslattaisi (genitive plural rare)
vaaituslattaasi (partitive singular)
vaaituslattojasi (partitive plural)
vaaituslatassasi (inessive singular)
vaaituslatoissasi (inessive plural)
vaaituslatastasi (elative singular)
vaaituslatoistasi (elative plural)
vaaituslattaasi (illative singular)
vaaituslattoihisi (illative plural)
vaaituslatallasi (adessive singular)
vaaituslatoillasi (adessive plural)
vaaituslataltasi (ablative singular)
vaaituslatoiltasi (ablative plural)
vaaituslatallesi (allative singular)
vaaituslatoillesi (allative plural)
vaaituslattanasi (essive singular)
vaaituslattoinasi (essive plural)
vaaituslataksesi (singular translative)
vaaituslatoiksesi (plural translative)
vaaituslatattasi (abessive singular)
vaaituslatoittasi (abessive plural)
vaaituslattoinesi (comitative plural)
vaaituslattamme (nominative singular)
vaaituslattamme (nominative plural)
vaaituslattamme (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituslattamme (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituslattamme (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituslattamme (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituslattamme (genitive singular)
vaaituslattojemme (genitive plural)
vaaituslattaimme (genitive plural rare)
vaaituslattaamme (partitive singular)
vaaituslattojamme (partitive plural)
vaaituslatassamme (inessive singular)
vaaituslatoissamme (inessive plural)
vaaituslatastamme (elative singular)
vaaituslatoistamme (elative plural)
vaaituslattaamme (illative singular)
vaaituslattoihimme (illative plural)
vaaituslatallamme (adessive singular)
vaaituslatoillamme (adessive plural)
vaaituslataltamme (ablative singular)
vaaituslatoiltamme (ablative plural)
vaaituslatallemme (allative singular)
vaaituslatoillemme (allative plural)
vaaituslattanamme (essive singular)
vaaituslattoinamme (essive plural)
vaaituslataksemme (singular translative)
vaaituslatoiksemme (plural translative)
vaaituslatattamme (abessive singular)
vaaituslatoittamme (abessive plural)
vaaituslattoinemme (comitative plural)
vaaituslattanne (nominative singular)
vaaituslattanne (nominative plural)
vaaituslattanne (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituslattanne (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituslattanne (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituslattanne (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituslattanne (genitive singular)
vaaituslattojenne (genitive plural)
vaaituslattainne (genitive plural rare)
vaaituslattaanne (partitive singular)
vaaituslattojanne (partitive plural)
vaaituslatassanne (inessive singular)
vaaituslatoissanne (inessive plural)
vaaituslatastanne (elative singular)
vaaituslatoistanne (elative plural)
vaaituslattaanne (illative singular)
vaaituslattoihinne (illative plural)
vaaituslatallanne (adessive singular)
vaaituslatoillanne (adessive plural)
vaaituslataltanne (ablative singular)
vaaituslatoiltanne (ablative plural)
vaaituslatallenne (allative singular)
vaaituslatoillenne (allative plural)
vaaituslattananne (essive singular)
vaaituslattoinanne (essive plural)
vaaituslataksenne (singular translative)
vaaituslatoiksenne (plural translative)
vaaituslatattanne (abessive singular)
vaaituslatoittanne (abessive plural)
vaaituslattoinenne (comitative plural)
vaaituslattansa (nominative singular)
vaaituslattansa (nominative plural)
vaaituslattansa (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituslattansa (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituslattansa (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituslattansa (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituslattansa (genitive singular)
vaaituslattojensa (genitive plural)
vaaituslattainsa (genitive plural rare)
vaaituslattaansa (partitive singular)
vaaituslattojaan (partitive plural)
vaaituslattojansa (partitive plural)
vaaituslatassaan (inessive singular)
vaaituslatassansa (inessive singular)
vaaituslatoissaan (inessive plural)
vaaituslatoissansa (inessive plural)
vaaituslatastaan (elative singular)
vaaituslatastansa (elative singular)
vaaituslatoistaan (elative plural)
vaaituslatoistansa (elative plural)
vaaituslattaansa (illative singular)
vaaituslattoihinsa (illative plural)
vaaituslatallaan (adessive singular)
vaaituslatallansa (adessive singular)
vaaituslatoillaan (adessive plural)
vaaituslatoillansa (adessive plural)
vaaituslataltaan (ablative singular)
vaaituslataltansa (ablative singular)
vaaituslatoiltaan (ablative plural)
vaaituslatoiltansa (ablative plural)
vaaituslatalleen (allative singular)
vaaituslatallensa (allative singular)
vaaituslatoilleen (allative plural)
vaaituslatoillensa (allative plural)
vaaituslattanaan (essive singular)
vaaituslattanansa (essive singular)
vaaituslattoinaan (essive plural)
vaaituslattoinansa (essive plural)
vaaituslatakseen (singular translative)
vaaituslataksensa (singular translative)
vaaituslatoikseen (plural translative)
vaaituslatoiksensa (plural translative)
vaaituslatattaan (abessive singular)
vaaituslatattansa (abessive singular)
vaaituslatoittaan (abessive plural)
vaaituslatoittansa (abessive plural)
vaaituslattoineen (comitative plural)
vaaituslattoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈʋɑ̝ː.it̪us̠ˌlɑ̝t̪ːɑ̝]


pincushion corner

pincushion corner (plural pincushion corners)

(surveying) A place where several surveyors have set markers, all purporting to mark the same property corner.


misclose

The use of the ratio of the linear misclose to the total length traversed as an expression of traverse accuracy has been known to be theoretically weak since sampling distributions are unknown.

1989, National University of Singapore, Publications and Theses, page 21:

The program also calculated the misclose ratio as a check to see if the garden measurement data had been taken accurately and entered correctly.

1994, Agricultural Census, 1993: Technical Report, page 19:

A misclose assessment should be undertaken to verify that forward and backward runs of a levelling travers, including any individual bays, are within the maximum allowable misclose.

2017, John Walker, Joseph L. Awange, Surveying for Civil and Mine Engineers, page 18:

(surveying) The discrepancy between the starting point the endpoint of the shape reconstructed from the measured dimensions and bearings of a boundary.


misclose

en-verb

misclose (third-person singular simple present miscloses, present participle misclosing, simple past and past participle misclosed)

miscloses (present singular third-person)
misclosing (participle present)
misclosed (participle past)
misclosed (past)

In some surveys angles of a traverse are known to misclose up to 5° (five degrees) but the traverse is adjusted.

1991, Romanus Nnubia Asoegwu, Professional Papers on Surveying Practice in Nigeria, page 22:

Since the outer loop also contains the blundered angle, it should come as no surprise that it also miscloses by 2 degrees.

1997, Compass & Tape - Volumes 13-16, page 23:

The traverse miscloses by +0.44 ft in latitudes and +0.20 ft in departures. Consequently, to achieve closure, (+) latitudes must be reduced, (-) latitudes must be increased, (+) departures must be reduced, and (-) departures must be increased.

2003, Paul A. Cuomo, Surveying Principles for Civil Engineers, page 47:

(surveying) To cause or exhibit a misclose.


vaaitus

vaaitus (nominative singular)
vaaitukset (nominative plural)
vaaitus (accusative nominative singular)
vaaitukset (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituksen (accusative genitive singular)
vaaitukset (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituksen (genitive singular)
vaaitusten (genitive plural)
vaaituksien (genitive plural)
vaaitusta (partitive singular)
vaaituksia (partitive plural)
vaaituksessa (inessive singular)
vaaituksissa (inessive plural)
vaaituksesta (elative singular)
vaaituksista (elative plural)
vaaitukseen (illative singular)
vaaituksiin (illative plural)
vaaituksella (adessive singular)
vaaituksilla (adessive plural)
vaaitukselta (ablative singular)
vaaituksilta (ablative plural)
vaaitukselle (allative singular)
vaaituksille (allative plural)
vaaituksena (essive singular)
vaaituksina (essive plural)
vaaitukseksi (singular translative)
vaaituksiksi (plural translative)
vaaituksetta (abessive singular)
vaaituksitta (abessive plural)
vaaituksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
vaaitukseni (nominative singular)
vaaitukseni (nominative plural)
vaaitukseni (accusative nominative singular)
vaaitukseni (accusative nominative plural)
vaaitukseni (accusative genitive singular)
vaaitukseni (accusative genitive plural)
vaaitukseni (genitive singular)
vaaitusteni (genitive plural)
vaaituksieni (genitive plural)
vaaitustani (partitive singular)
vaaituksiani (partitive plural)
vaaituksessani (inessive singular)
vaaituksissani (inessive plural)
vaaituksestani (elative singular)
vaaituksistani (elative plural)
vaaitukseeni (illative singular)
vaaituksiini (illative plural)
vaaituksellani (adessive singular)
vaaituksillani (adessive plural)
vaaitukseltani (ablative singular)
vaaituksiltani (ablative plural)
vaaitukselleni (allative singular)
vaaituksilleni (allative plural)
vaaituksenani (essive singular)
vaaituksinani (essive plural)
vaaituksekseni (singular translative)
vaaituksikseni (plural translative)
vaaituksettani (abessive singular)
vaaituksittani (abessive plural)
vaaituksineni (comitative plural)
vaaituksesi (nominative singular)
vaaituksesi (nominative plural)
vaaituksesi (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituksesi (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituksesi (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituksesi (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituksesi (genitive singular)
vaaitustesi (genitive plural)
vaaituksiesi (genitive plural)
vaaitustasi (partitive singular)
vaaituksiasi (partitive plural)
vaaituksessasi (inessive singular)
vaaituksissasi (inessive plural)
vaaituksestasi (elative singular)
vaaituksistasi (elative plural)
vaaitukseesi (illative singular)
vaaituksiisi (illative plural)
vaaituksellasi (adessive singular)
vaaituksillasi (adessive plural)
vaaitukseltasi (ablative singular)
vaaituksiltasi (ablative plural)
vaaituksellesi (allative singular)
vaaituksillesi (allative plural)
vaaituksenasi (essive singular)
vaaituksinasi (essive plural)
vaaitukseksesi (singular translative)
vaaituksiksesi (plural translative)
vaaituksettasi (abessive singular)
vaaituksittasi (abessive plural)
vaaituksinesi (comitative plural)
vaaituksemme (nominative singular)
vaaituksemme (nominative plural)
vaaituksemme (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituksemme (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituksemme (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituksemme (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituksemme (genitive singular)
vaaitustemme (genitive plural)
vaaituksiemme (genitive plural)
vaaitustamme (partitive singular)
vaaituksiamme (partitive plural)
vaaituksessamme (inessive singular)
vaaituksissamme (inessive plural)
vaaituksestamme (elative singular)
vaaituksistamme (elative plural)
vaaitukseemme (illative singular)
vaaituksiimme (illative plural)
vaaituksellamme (adessive singular)
vaaituksillamme (adessive plural)
vaaitukseltamme (ablative singular)
vaaituksiltamme (ablative plural)
vaaituksellemme (allative singular)
vaaituksillemme (allative plural)
vaaituksenamme (essive singular)
vaaituksinamme (essive plural)
vaaitukseksemme (singular translative)
vaaituksiksemme (plural translative)
vaaituksettamme (abessive singular)
vaaituksittamme (abessive plural)
vaaituksinemme (comitative plural)
vaaituksenne (nominative singular)
vaaituksenne (nominative plural)
vaaituksenne (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituksenne (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituksenne (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituksenne (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituksenne (genitive singular)
vaaitustenne (genitive plural)
vaaituksienne (genitive plural)
vaaitustanne (partitive singular)
vaaituksianne (partitive plural)
vaaituksessanne (inessive singular)
vaaituksissanne (inessive plural)
vaaituksestanne (elative singular)
vaaituksistanne (elative plural)
vaaitukseenne (illative singular)
vaaituksiinne (illative plural)
vaaituksellanne (adessive singular)
vaaituksillanne (adessive plural)
vaaitukseltanne (ablative singular)
vaaituksiltanne (ablative plural)
vaaituksellenne (allative singular)
vaaituksillenne (allative plural)
vaaituksenanne (essive singular)
vaaituksinanne (essive plural)
vaaitukseksenne (singular translative)
vaaituksiksenne (plural translative)
vaaituksettanne (abessive singular)
vaaituksittanne (abessive plural)
vaaituksinenne (comitative plural)
vaaituksensa (nominative singular)
vaaituksensa (nominative plural)
vaaituksensa (accusative nominative singular)
vaaituksensa (accusative nominative plural)
vaaituksensa (accusative genitive singular)
vaaituksensa (accusative genitive plural)
vaaituksensa (genitive singular)
vaaitustensa (genitive plural)
vaaituksiensa (genitive plural)
vaaitustaan (partitive singular)
vaaitustansa (partitive singular)
vaaituksiaan (partitive plural)
vaaituksiansa (partitive plural)
vaaituksessaan (inessive singular)
vaaituksessansa (inessive singular)
vaaituksissaan (inessive plural)
vaaituksissansa (inessive plural)
vaaituksestaan (elative singular)
vaaituksestansa (elative singular)
vaaituksistaan (elative plural)
vaaituksistansa (elative plural)
vaaitukseensa (illative singular)
vaaituksiinsa (illative plural)
vaaituksellaan (adessive singular)
vaaituksellansa (adessive singular)
vaaituksillaan (adessive plural)
vaaituksillansa (adessive plural)
vaaitukseltaan (ablative singular)
vaaitukseltansa (ablative singular)
vaaituksiltaan (ablative plural)
vaaituksiltansa (ablative plural)
vaaitukselleen (allative singular)
vaaituksellensa (allative singular)
vaaituksilleen (allative plural)
vaaituksillensa (allative plural)
vaaituksenaan (essive singular)
vaaituksenansa (essive singular)
vaaituksinaan (essive plural)
vaaituksinansa (essive plural)
vaaituksekseen (singular translative)
vaaitukseksensa (singular translative)
vaaituksikseen (plural translative)
vaaituksiksensa (plural translative)
vaaituksettaan (abessive singular)
vaaituksettansa (abessive singular)
vaaituksittaan (abessive plural)
vaaituksittansa (abessive plural)
vaaituksineen (comitative plural)
vaaituksinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈʋɑ̝ː.it̪us̠]