book

books (plural)
boke (alternative obsolete)
booke (alternative archaic)

Sranan Tongo: buku

desctree

Tok Pisin: buk
→ Rotokas: vuku
→ Takia: buk

→ Chichewa: buku

→ Hawaiian: puke

→ Lingala: búku

→ Malagasy: boky

→ Maori: pukapuka (with reduplication)

→ Marshallese: bok

→ Motu: buka

→ Shona: bhuku

→ Somali: buugga

i

possibly also from Afrikaans <i class="Latn mention" lang="af">boek</i>

→ Sotho: buka (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

→ Zulu: ibhuku (possibly also from Afrikaans boek)

From Middle English bok, book, from Old English bōc, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Eclipsed non-native Middle English livret, lyveret (“book, booklet”) from Old French livret (“book, booklet”). Bookmaker sense by clipping.

some speakers from Northern England and Ireland

buck (without the foot-strut split, when pronounced /bʊk/)

have more chins than a Chinese phone book

why buy a book when you can join a library

why buy a book when you can join the library

(horse racing) The list of mares that a stallion will breed in a given season.

(horse racing) A list of the races that a jockey is scheduled to ride in.


acceptance

en-noun

acceptance (countable and uncountable, plural acceptances)

acceptances (plural)
acceptaunce (alternative)

* First attested in 1574. From Middle French acceptance, from Old French accepter (“accept”). Equivalent to accept + -ance.

(horse racing, Australia, New Zealand, plural only) A list of horses accepted as starters in a race.


stock

From Middle English stok, from Old English stocc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”), with modern senses mostly referring either to the trunk from which the tree grows (figuratively, its origin and/or support/foundation), or to a piece of wood, stick, or rod. The senses of "supply" and "raw material" arose from a probable conflation with steck (“an item of goods, merchandise”) or the use of split tally sticks consisting of foil or counterfoil and stock to capture paid taxes, debts or exchanges. Doublet of chock.

stark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

(motor racing, of a race car) Having the same configuration as cars sold to the non-racing public, or having been modified from such a car.


stand

→ Khmer: ស្តង់ (stɑng)

→ Romanian: stand


purple

en-adj

purple (comparative purpler or more purple, superlative purplest or most purple)

purpler (comparative)
more purple (comparative)
purplest (superlative)
most purple (superlative)

nonpurple

antonym(s) of “having purple as its colour”

From Middle English purple, purpel, from Old English purpul (“purple”, adjective), taken from Old English purpure (“purple colour”, noun), from Latin purpura (“purple dye, shellfish”), from Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra, “purple-fish”), perhaps of Semitic origin. Doublet of purpura and purpure.
The sense of "imperial power" is from the wearing of the color purple by emperors and kings.

der

(motor racing, of a sector, lap, etc.) Completed in the fastest time so far in a given session.


pit

From Middle English pit, pet, püt, from Old English pytt, from Proto-West Germanic *puti, from Latin puteus (“trench, pit, well”), although there are phonetic difficulties.

he who digs a pit for others falls in himself

Two drivers have already gone into the pit this early in the race.

(motor racing) An area at a racetrack used for refueling and repairing the vehicles during a race.


pit

en-verb

pit (third-person singular simple present pits, present participle pitting, simple past and past participle pitted)

pits (present singular third-person)
pitting (participle present)
pitted (participle past)
pitted (past)

Bottas had to pit earlier than expected for fresh tyres. Hamilton followed him in next time around and the two drivers were instructed to stay off the kerbs to protect their tyres.

2020 September 13, Andrew Benson, “Tuscan Grand Prix: Lewis Hamilton claims 90th win after incredible race”, in BBC Sport:

(intransitive, motor racing) To return to the pits during a race for refuelling, tyre changes, repairs etc.


pit

(motor racing) pit (refueling station and garage at a race track)


pit

(motor racing) pit (an area at a racetrack used for refueling and repairing the vehicles during a race)


zebra

→ German: Zebra
→ Hunsrik: Zebra

→ Italian: zebra

→ English: zebra

→ Turkish: zebra

→ New Latin: zebra

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁eḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos
Proto-Italic *ekwos
Latin equus
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer-der.
Proto-Italic *feros
Latin ferus
Latin equiferus
Old Galician-Portuguese zevro
Portuguese zebra
From zebro, from Old Galician-Portuguese zevro (“European wild ass”), from Vulgar Latin *eciferus, from Latin equiferus (“wild horse”), from equus (“horse”) + ferus (“wild”). Compare Spanish cebra.
Senses 2 and 3 of the word comes from the popular Brazilian betting game jogo do bicho, in which the animal is absent, therefore it is unlikely that a zebra will be drawn.

inh

(motor racing) curb (line of flat curbstones on the corners of racing tracks)


slate

en-verb

slate (third-person singular simple present slates, present participle slating, simple past and past participle slated)

slates (present singular third-person)
slating (participle present)
slated (participle past)
slated (past)

From Middle English slatten, sclatten, from the noun (see above).

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-slate.wav

(horse racing, transitive, obsolete) To bet heavily against (a contender in a race).


ajo

ajo (nominative singular)
ajot (nominative plural)
ajo (accusative nominative singular)
ajot (accusative nominative plural)
ajon (accusative genitive singular)
ajot (accusative genitive plural)
ajon (genitive singular)
ajojen (genitive plural)
ajoa (partitive singular)
ajoja (partitive plural)
ajossa (inessive singular)
ajoissa (inessive plural)
ajosta (elative singular)
ajoista (elative plural)
ajoon (illative singular)
ajoihin (illative plural)
ajolla (adessive singular)
ajoilla (adessive plural)
ajolta (ablative singular)
ajoilta (ablative plural)
ajolle (allative singular)
ajoille (allative plural)
ajona (essive singular)
ajoina (essive plural)
ajoksi (singular translative)
ajoiksi (plural translative)
ajotta (abessive singular)
ajoitta (abessive plural)
ajoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
ajoni (nominative singular)
ajoni (nominative plural)
ajoni (accusative nominative singular)
ajoni (accusative nominative plural)
ajoni (accusative genitive singular)
ajoni (accusative genitive plural)
ajoni (genitive singular)
ajojeni (genitive plural)
ajoani (partitive singular)
ajojani (partitive plural)
ajossani (inessive singular)
ajoissani (inessive plural)
ajostani (elative singular)
ajoistani (elative plural)
ajooni (illative singular)
ajoihini (illative plural)
ajollani (adessive singular)
ajoillani (adessive plural)
ajoltani (ablative singular)
ajoiltani (ablative plural)
ajolleni (allative singular)
ajoilleni (allative plural)
ajonani (essive singular)
ajoinani (essive plural)
ajokseni (singular translative)
ajoikseni (plural translative)
ajottani (abessive singular)
ajoittani (abessive plural)
ajoineni (comitative plural)
ajosi (nominative singular)
ajosi (nominative plural)
ajosi (accusative nominative singular)
ajosi (accusative nominative plural)
ajosi (accusative genitive singular)
ajosi (accusative genitive plural)
ajosi (genitive singular)
ajojesi (genitive plural)
ajoasi (partitive singular)
ajojasi (partitive plural)
ajossasi (inessive singular)
ajoissasi (inessive plural)
ajostasi (elative singular)
ajoistasi (elative plural)
ajoosi (illative singular)
ajoihisi (illative plural)
ajollasi (adessive singular)
ajoillasi (adessive plural)
ajoltasi (ablative singular)
ajoiltasi (ablative plural)
ajollesi (allative singular)
ajoillesi (allative plural)
ajonasi (essive singular)
ajoinasi (essive plural)
ajoksesi (singular translative)
ajoiksesi (plural translative)
ajottasi (abessive singular)
ajoittasi (abessive plural)
ajoinesi (comitative plural)
ajomme (nominative singular)
ajomme (nominative plural)
ajomme (accusative nominative singular)
ajomme (accusative nominative plural)
ajomme (accusative genitive singular)
ajomme (accusative genitive plural)
ajomme (genitive singular)
ajojemme (genitive plural)
ajoamme (partitive singular)
ajojamme (partitive plural)
ajossamme (inessive singular)
ajoissamme (inessive plural)
ajostamme (elative singular)
ajoistamme (elative plural)
ajoomme (illative singular)
ajoihimme (illative plural)
ajollamme (adessive singular)
ajoillamme (adessive plural)
ajoltamme (ablative singular)
ajoiltamme (ablative plural)
ajollemme (allative singular)
ajoillemme (allative plural)
ajonamme (essive singular)
ajoinamme (essive plural)
ajoksemme (singular translative)
ajoiksemme (plural translative)
ajottamme (abessive singular)
ajoittamme (abessive plural)
ajoinemme (comitative plural)
ajonne (nominative singular)
ajonne (nominative plural)
ajonne (accusative nominative singular)
ajonne (accusative nominative plural)
ajonne (accusative genitive singular)
ajonne (accusative genitive plural)
ajonne (genitive singular)
ajojenne (genitive plural)
ajoanne (partitive singular)
ajojanne (partitive plural)
ajossanne (inessive singular)
ajoissanne (inessive plural)
ajostanne (elative singular)
ajoistanne (elative plural)
ajoonne (illative singular)
ajoihinne (illative plural)
ajollanne (adessive singular)
ajoillanne (adessive plural)
ajoltanne (ablative singular)
ajoiltanne (ablative plural)
ajollenne (allative singular)
ajoillenne (allative plural)
ajonanne (essive singular)
ajoinanne (essive plural)
ajoksenne (singular translative)
ajoiksenne (plural translative)
ajottanne (abessive singular)
ajoittanne (abessive plural)
ajoinenne (comitative plural)
ajonsa (nominative singular)
ajonsa (nominative plural)
ajonsa (accusative nominative singular)
ajonsa (accusative nominative plural)
ajonsa (accusative genitive singular)
ajonsa (accusative genitive plural)
ajonsa (genitive singular)
ajojensa (genitive plural)
ajoaan (partitive singular)
ajoansa (partitive singular)
ajojaan (partitive plural)
ajojansa (partitive plural)
ajossaan (inessive singular)
ajossansa (inessive singular)
ajoissaan (inessive plural)
ajoissansa (inessive plural)
ajostaan (elative singular)
ajostansa (elative singular)
ajoistaan (elative plural)
ajoistansa (elative plural)
ajoonsa (illative singular)
ajoihinsa (illative plural)
ajollaan (adessive singular)
ajollansa (adessive singular)
ajoillaan (adessive plural)
ajoillansa (adessive plural)
ajoltaan (ablative singular)
ajoltansa (ablative singular)
ajoiltaan (ablative plural)
ajoiltansa (ablative plural)
ajolleen (allative singular)
ajollensa (allative singular)
ajoilleen (allative plural)
ajoillensa (allative plural)
ajonaan (essive singular)
ajonansa (essive singular)
ajoinaan (essive plural)
ajoinansa (essive plural)
ajokseen (singular translative)
ajoksensa (singular translative)
ajoikseen (plural translative)
ajoiksensa (plural translative)
ajottaan (abessive singular)
ajottansa (abessive singular)
ajoittaan (abessive plural)
ajoittansa (abessive plural)
ajoineen (comitative plural)
ajoinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *ajo. Equivalent to ajaa (“to drive”) + -o.

Le Mansin 24 tunnin ajo


SC

en-noun

SC (countable and uncountable, plural SCs)

(motor racing) Initialism of safety car.


SP

SP (countable and uncountable, plural SPs)

SPs (plural)
S.P. (alternative)
S. P. (alternative)

He was an atheist, a rationalist, a medical student of no great distinction, an SP punter, a singer of bawdy songs, an acknowledged expert in matters erotic.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 157:

It was the last time, too, when […] the races dominated the radio on Saturday afternoons and everyone had the number of an SP bookie.

1998, David Malouf, A First Place, Vintage, published 2015, page 196:

(horse racing) Initialism of starting price.


GR

(automotive, marketing, motor racing) Initialism of Gazoo Racing: A performance brand, automotive label, and, racing division, of Toyota.


GT

(motor racing) Initialism of grand tourer.


draw

draw (countable and uncountable, plural draws)

The verb is derived from Middle English drauen, drawen, draȝen, dragen (“to drag, pull; to draw (out); to attract; to entice, lure; to lead; to make a drawing; to move, travel; etc.”), from Old English dragan (“to drag, draw”), from Proto-West Germanic *dragan (“to carry; to haul”), from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to carry; to pull, draw”); further etymology uncertain, often said to be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw”), but possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate root which is also the source of Latin trahō (“to pull, draw; etc.”). Doublet of drag and draught.
The noun is derived from Middle English drau, draue (“action of shooting with a bow”), from drauen, drawen (verb).
cognates
* Albanian dredh (“to turn, spin”)
* Danish drage
* Dutch dragen
* German tragen (“to carry”)
* Old Armenian դառնամ (daṙnam, “to turn”)
* Sanskrit ध्रजस् (dhrájas, “gliding course or motion”)
* West Frisian drage

cog

(horse racing) The stall from which a horse begins the race.


nose

Sranan Tongo: noso

Aukan: nosu

Saramaccan: núsu

From Middle English nose, from Old English nosu, from Proto-West Germanic *nosu, variant of *nasō, old dual from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s- ~ *nh₂es- (“nose, nostril”).
See also Saterland Frisian Noose, West Frisian noas, Dutch neus, Swedish nos, Norwegian nos (“snout”), German Low German Nees, Nes, Näs, German Nase, Swedish näsa, Norwegian nese, Danish næse (“nose”); also Latin nāris (“nostril”), nāsus (“nose”), Lithuanian nósis, Russian нос (nos), Sanskrit नासा (nā́sā, “nostrils”).

Red Rum only won by a nose.

(horse racing) The length of a horse’s nose, used to indicate the distance between horses at the finish of a race, or any very close race.

馬鼻 /马鼻 (maa⁵ bei⁶, literally “horse's nose”)


loose

en-adj

loose (comparative looser, superlative loosest)

looser (comparative)
loosest (superlative)

packaged

antonym(s) of “not held or packaged together”

bound

antonym(s) of “not bound or tethered or leashed”

From Middle English loos, los, lous, from Old Norse lauss, from Proto-Germanic *lausaz, whence also -less, leasing; from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁- (“to untie, set free, separate”), whence also lyo-, -lysis, via Ancient Greek.

der

(US, slang, motor racing, of a stock car) Having oversteer.


lane

From Middle English lane, lone, from Old English lanu (“a lane, alley, avenue”), from Proto-West Germanic *lanu, from Proto-Germanic *lanō (“lane, passageway”).
Cognate with Scots lone (“cattle-track, by-road”), West Frisian leane, loane (“a walkway, avenue”), Dutch laan (“alley, avenue”), German Low German Lane, Laan (“lane”), Swedish lån (“covered walkway encircling a house”), Icelandic lön (“a row of houses”).

cog

And it's Uncle Mo in front by two as they come to the top of the lane.


hard

en-noun

hard (countable and uncountable, plural hards)

From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with German hart, Swedish hård, Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús), Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu).

(countable, motor racing) A tyre whose compound is softer than superhards, and harder than mediums.


distance

distance (countable and uncountable, plural distances)

distances (plural)
distaunce (alternative)

From Middle English distance, distaunce, destance (“disagreement, dispute; discrimination; armed conflict; hostility; trouble; space between two points; time interval”), from Anglo-Norman distance, distaunce, destance, Middle French distance, and Old French destance, destaunce, distaunce (“debate; difference, distinction; discord, quarrel; dispute; space between two points; time interval”) (modern French distance), and directly from their etymon Latin distantia (“difference, diversity; distance, remoteness; space between two points”) (whence also Late Latin distantia (“disagreement; discrepancy; gap, opening; time interval”)), from distāns (“being distant; standing apart”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Distāns is the present active participle of distō (“to be distant; to stand apart; to differ”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder; in two’) + stō (“to stand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Middle Dutch distancie, distantie (modern Dutch distantie); Dutch afstand (“distance”, literally “off-stand, off-stance”)
* German Distanz; German Abstand
* Italian distanza
* Portuguese distância
* Spanish distancia

afstand

(countable, uncountable) amount of space between points

An amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

(horse racing) Chiefly in by a distance: a space of more than 30 lengths (about 80 yards or 7.3 metres) between two racehorses finishing a race, used to describe the margin of victory; also (archaic), any space of 240 yards (about 219.5 metres) on a racecourse.

pitkä ero

space of more than 30 lengths between two racehorses finishing a race; any space of 240 yards on a racecourse

THere vvere a Great many Brave, Sightly Horſes vvith Rich Trappings that vvere brought out One day to the Courſe, and Only One Plain Nag in the Company that made ſport for All the reſt. But vvhen they came at laſt to the Tryal, This vvas the Horſe that ran the VVhole Field out of Diſtance, and VVon the Race. / The MORAL. Our Senſes are No Competent Judges of the Excellencies of the Mind.

1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Abstemius, &c.] Fab[le] CCCXXXIX. A Plain Horse Wins the Prize.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 296:

The amount of space between points (often geographical points), usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

(horse racing) Originally, the space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; also, the point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; now, the point on a racecourse 240 yards from the winning post.

väli

space measured back from the winning post which a racehorse running in a heat must reach when the winner has covered the whole course, in order to run in a subsequent heat; point on the racecourse that space away from the winning post; point on racecourse 240 yards from the winning post


distance

en-verb

distance (third-person singular simple present distances, present participle distancing, simple past and past participle distanced)

distances (present singular third-person)
distancing (participle present)
distanced (participle past)
distanced (past)
distance (infinitive)
distance (first-person present singular)
distanced (first-person past singular)
distance (present second-person singular)
distancest (archaic present second-person singular)
distanced (past second-person singular)
distancedst (archaic past second-person singular)
distances (present singular third-person)
distanceth (archaic present singular third-person)
distanced (past singular third-person)
distance (plural present)
distanced (past plural)
distance (present subjunctive)
distanced (past subjunctive)
distance (imperative present)
distancing (participle present)
distanced (participle past)

sijoittaa erilleen

to set (someone or something) at a distance from someone or something else

[H]e is of Opinion it is inhuman, that Animals ſhould be put upon their utmoſt Strength and Metal for our Diverſion only. Hovvever, not to be particular, he puts in for the Queen's Plate every Year, vvith Orders to his Rider never to vvin or be diſtanced; […]

1713 March 29 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “Wednesday, March 18. 1713.”, in The Guardian, number 6, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […]; and sold by A. Baldwin […], →OCLC, page [2], column 1:

(chiefly US, horse racing, archaic) Of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; also (passive voice), to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance.

of a racehorse: to beat (another horse) by a certain distance; to cause (a horse) to be disqualified by beating it by a certain distance


maiden

From Middle English mayden, meiden, from Old English mæġden (“girl”), originally a diminutive of mæġeþ (“girl”) via diminutive suffix -en, from Proto-West Germanic *magaþ, from Proto-Germanic *magaþs. Equivalent to maid + -en.

(horse racing) A racehorse without any victory, i.e. one having a "virgin record".

(horse racing) A horse race in which all starters are maidens.


break

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). Doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

cog

Cigar was distracted at the break and let his five opponents get the jump.

1999, Jay Hovdey, Cigar: America's Horse, page 63:

Perhaps it stumbles to its knees at the break, effectively losing the race at the outset.

2010, John Alexander, Exotic Wagering the Winning Way, page 60:

(horse racing) The start of a horse race.


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)
fire (first-person present singular)
fired (first-person past singular)
fire (present second-person singular)
firest (archaic present second-person singular)
fired (past second-person singular)
firedst (archaic past second-person singular)
fires (present singular third-person)
fireth (archaic present singular third-person)
fired (past singular third-person)
fire (plural present)
fired (past plural)
fire (present subjunctive)
fired (past subjunctive)
fire (imperative present)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event

I'd say he struggled to get around the course. He never fired. In other years, when Buzzy Hannum rode him, he ran well enough to win, but not this time.

1988, Chronicle of the Horse, volume 51, numbers 1-13, page 18:

(horse racing, intransitive) Of a horse: to race ahead with a burst of energy.


bug

bugs (plural)
bugg (alternative obsolete)

First attested in this form around 1620 (referring to a “bedbug”), from earlier bugge (“beetle”), from Middle English bugge (“scarecrow, hobgoblin”) which is traced alternatively to:
* a Celtic root found in Scots bogill (“goblin, bugbear”) and obsolete Welsh bwg (“ghost, hobgoblin”); compare Welsh bwgwl (“threat, fear”) and Isthmus Mixe bocanách (“supernatural being”).
* Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”); compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge (“goblin, snot”).
* or to a word related to buck and originally referring to a goat-shaped spectre.
For the “insect” meaning the assonance with Middle English budde (“beetle”), from Old English budda, from Proto-Germanic *buddô, *buzdô, from the same ultimate source as above, might have played a role. Compare Low German Budde (“louse, grub”), Norwegian budda (“newborn domestic animal”)). More at bud. But ultimately this convergence of meaning doesn't prove a conflation of the two terms, they might have existed parallely since PIE times with similar meanings, even if unnoticed by literary sources.
The term is used to refer to technical errors and problems at least as early as the 19th century, predating the commonly known story of a moth being caught in a computer.

cog

given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow

The "bugs" are the asterisks next to the apprentice's name. One bug is a five-pound allowance, two bugs equal seven pounds, and three bugs equal ten pounds.

1999, Anita Scialli, Inside Track 1999, page 62:

(slang, US, horse-racing) An asterisk denoting an apprentice jockey's weight allowance.

(slang, US, horse-racing, by extension) A young apprentice jockey.


boot

Solombala English: бучь (bučʹ)

→ Maltese: buz

→ Russian: бутса (butsa)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́це

Latin script: búce

→ Swahili: buti

From Middle English boote, bote (“shoe”), from Old French bote (“a high, thick shoe”). Of obscure origin, but probably related to Old French bot (“club-foot”), bot (“fat, short, blunt”), from Old Frankish *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz, *butaz (“cut off, short, numb, blunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewt-, *bʰewd- (“to strike, push, shock”); if so, a doublet of butt. Compare Old Norse butt (“stump”), Low German butt (“blunt, plump”), Old English bytt (“small piece of land”), buttuc (“end”). More at buttock and debut.

a lie can run around the world before the truth can get its boots on

couldn't pour water out of a boot with the instructions on the heel


weight

en-verb

weight (third-person singular simple present weights, present participle weighting, simple past and past participle weighted)

weights (present singular third-person)
weighting (participle present)
weighted (participle past)
weighted (past)
waight (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th (abstract nominal suffix).
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

(transitive, horse racing) To handicap a horse with a specified weight.


chalk

en-noun

chalk (countable and uncountable, plural chalks)

chalks (plural)
chaulk (alternative dated)

→ Japanese: チャコ (chako), チョーク (chōku)

→ Nepali: चक (cak)

→ Swahili: chaki

→ Swazi: íshóki

→ Thai: ชอล์ก (chɔ́k)

→ Tsonga: choko

→ Tulu: ಚಾಕ್ (cākŭ)

→ Yoruba: ṣọ́ọ̀kì

From Middle English chalk, chalke, from Old English ċealc, from Proto-West Germanic *kalk, borrowed from Latin calx (“limestone”), again borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”). Doublet of calx and cauk.

(US, sports, chiefly basketball, horse racing) The favorite in a sporting event.


overlay

/ˈəʊ.vəˌleɪ/

From Middle English overleyen, from Old English oferleċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *obarlaggjan, from Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną, equivalent to over- + lay. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurläze, úurlääse, Dutch overleggen, German Low German overleggen, överleggen, German überlegen, Swedish överlägga, Norwegian overlegge. Compare overlie.

(horse racing) A horse going off at higher odds than it appears to warrant, based on its past performances.


tout

en-verb

tout (third-person singular simple present touts, present participle touting, simple past and past participle touted)

touts (present singular third-person)
touting (participle present)
touted (participle past)
touted (past)

From Middle English touten (“to jut out, protrude, gaze upon, observe, peer”), from Old English *tūtian (“to be sticking out, protrude”), related to Old English tȳtan (“to stand out, be conspicuous, shine”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *tut(t)- (“to stick out, project”). Compare Icelandic túta (“a teat-like prominence”), tútna (“to be blown up”). Possibly influenced by dialectal toot (“to stick out; project; peer out; peep”), from Middle English toten, totien, from Old English tōtian (“to peep out; look; pry; spectate”). Compare also Old English tot, ġetot (“pomp, splendour, vainglory”).

cog

(UK, slang, horse-racing, transitive) To spy out information about (a horse, a racing stable, etc.).

(US, slang, horse-racing, transitive) To give a tip on (a racehorse) to a person, with the expectation of sharing in any winnings.

(UK, slang, horse-racing, intransitive) To spy out the movements of racehorses at their trials, or to get by stealth or other improper means the secrets of the stable, for betting purposes.

(US, slang, horse-racing, intransitive) To act as a tout; to give a tip on a racehorse.


show

en-verb

show (third-person singular simple present shows, present participle showing, simple past showed or (archaic) shew, past participle shown or (now rare, US) showed)

shows (present singular third-person)
showing (participle present)
showed (past)
shew (archaic past)
shown (participle past)
showed (US archaic participle past)
show (infinitive)
show (first-person present singular)
showed (first-person past singular)
show (present second-person singular)
showest (archaic present second-person singular)
showed (past second-person singular)
showedst (archaic past second-person singular)
shows (present singular third-person)
showeth (archaic present singular third-person)
showed (past singular third-person)
show (plural present)
showed (past plural)
show (present subjunctive)
showed (past subjunctive)
show (imperative present)
showing (participle present)
shown (participle past)
shew (alternative archaic)
shewe (alternative obsolete)
showe (alternative obsolete)

disprove

antonym(s) of “indicate a fact to be true”

From Middle English schewen, from Old English scēawian (“to look, look at, exhibit, display”), from Proto-West Germanic *skauwōn, from Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look, see”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, look, feel, take note of”); see haw, gaum, caveat, caution.
Cognate with Scots shaw (“to show”), Dutch schouwen (“to inspect, view”), German schauen (“to see, behold”), Danish skue (“to behold”). Related to sheen.
Wider cognates include Ancient Greek κῦδος (kûdos), Latin caveō whence English caution and caveat, and Sanskrit कवि (kaví, “seer, prophet, bard”).

cog

In the third race: Aces Up won, paying eight dollars; Blarney Stone placed, paying three dollars; and Cinnamon showed, paying five dollars.

(intransitive, motor racing) To finish third, especially of horses or dogs.


stick

en-noun

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

(horse racing) The short whip carried by a jockey.

A stick-like item:
The short whip carried by a jockey.


stick

From Middle English stiken (“to stick, pierce, stab, remain embedded, be fastened”), from Old English stician (“to pierce, stab, remain embedded, be fastened”), from Proto-Germanic *stikōną (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tig-, *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”).
See also the related Proto-Germanic *stikaną, whence West Frisian stekke, Low German steken, Dutch steken, German stechen; compare also Danish stikke, Swedish sticka.
Cognate with the first etymology (same PIE root, different paths through Germanic and Old English), to stitch, and to etiquette, via French étiquette – see there for further discussion.

inh

(uncountable) The tendency to stick (remain stuck), stickiness.

(motor racing) The traction of tires on the road surface.


wet

en-noun

wet (countable and uncountable, plural wets)

From Middle English wet (“wet, moistened”), wett, wette, past participle of Middle English weten (“to wet”), from Old English wǣtan (“to wet, moisten, water”), from Proto-West Germanic *wātijan, from Proto-Germanic *wētijaną (“to wet, make wet”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water, wet”) (also the source of water).
Cognate with Scots weit, wete (“to wet”), Saterland Frisian wäitje (“to wet; drench”), Icelandic væta (“to wet”). Compare also Middle English weet (“wet”), from Old English wǣt (“wet, moist, rainy”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāt, from Proto-Germanic *wētaz (“wet, moist”), related to Scots weit, weet, wat (“wet”), North Frisian wiat, weet, wäit (“wet”), Saterland Frisian wäit (“wet”), West Frisian wiet (“wet”), Middle Dutch wet (“wet, damp, watery”), Swedish and Norwegian våt (“wet”), Danish våd (“wet”), Faroese vátur (“wet”), Icelandic votur (“wet”).

cog

Wets, designed to channel water away from underneath the tyres, maximise grip and minimise the chance of aquaplaning.

2004, Jonathan Noble, Mark Hughes, Formula One Racing For Dummies, page 303:

(motor racing, in the plural) A tyre for use in wet weather.


box

Pseudo-anglicism, from English box, variously clipped (in the meaning "horsebox") or with transferred senses.


box

Borrowed from English box. Doublet of buje.


flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

This horse will do better over the flat.

flat racing, the flat season

In light of Horse Racing Ireland's Covid-19 contingency plan announcement, that whenever racing resumes the Flat will be given priority, Elliott has decided to keep a number of talented jumpers on the go during the summer, with a view towards a dual-purpose campaign.

2020, Brian Sheerin, Racing Post, "Gordon Elliott maps out summer Flat campaigns for talented jumpers" (article) https://www.racingpost.com/news/gordon-elliott-maps-out-summer-flat-campaigns-for-talented-jumpers/431475

2021 (retrieved), racing365.com, "Flat Racing Explained" https://racing365.com/flat-racing-explained/
In British horse racing, the classics are a series of horse races run over the flat (i.e. without jumps).

An area of level ground (sometimes covered with shallow or tidal water).

(horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) Level horse-racing ground, as contrasted with courses incorporating jumps, or the racing done on such ground.

As forecast, Joe suspected nothing as he pottered round the flat in the sunshine, absorbed in the task of picking winners.

1963, George Blaikie, Scandals of Australia's Strange Past, Adelaide: Rigby Limited, page 117:

(Australia, horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) the area in the centre of a racecourse.


apex

Borrowed from Latin apex (“point, tip, summit”).

The highest or the greatest part of something, especially forming a point.

(motor racing) The part of a corner where the racing line is nearest the inside of the bend.


pull

en-verb

pull (third-person singular simple present pulls, present participle pulling, simple past and past participle pulled)

pulls (present singular third-person)
pulling (participle present)
pulled (participle past)
pulled (past)

push

antonym(s) of “apply force to (something) so it comes towards one”

-ʊl (accents with foot–goose merger or full–fool merger)

Verb from Middle English pullen, from Old English pullian (“to pull, draw, tug, pluck off”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to West Frisian pûlje (“to shell, husk”), Middle Dutch pullen (“to drink”), Middle Dutch polen (“to peel, strip”), Low German pulen (“to pick, pluck, pull, tear, strip off husks”), Icelandic púla (“to work hard, beat”).
Noun from Middle English pul, pull, pulle, from the verb pullen (“to pull”).

cog

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

The favourite was pulled.

(horse-racing) To hold back, and so prevent from winning.

'I never liked Bowler, and I had my suspicions when Captain Ferndale persuaded you to put him up in that race. I did not discover until some time after that he pulled the horse.'

1897, Nat Gould, Not So Bad After All, page 200:

(horse racing, transitive) To impede the progress of (a horse) to prevent its winning a race.


tissue

en-noun

tissue (countable and uncountable, plural tissues)

From Middle English tissu, from Old French tissu (“woven”), past participle of tistre (“to weave”), from Latin texō (“to weave”).

Pricing the first show is a matter of the bookmaker's individual judgment, relying upon advice from all quarters, particularly the tissue; but very soon in the betting exchanges it becomes clear that the sole criterion for the fixing of a horse's price is demand.

2016, Gerald Hammond, The Language of Horse Racing:

(horse racing, slang) The scratch sheet or racing form.


handle

desctree

→ Japanese: ハンドル (handoru)
→ Hokkien: 捍多路 (hăn-tó͘-luh)
→ Sakizaya: handulu

From Middle English handel, handle, from Old English handle (“a handle”), from handlian (“to handle, feel, deal with, discuss”). See verb below. Cognate with Danish handel (“a handle”).

(horse racing, gambling) The amount wagered in the various pari-mutuel pools for a particular event or events.


hammer

From Middle English hamer, from Old English hamor, from Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz (“tool with a stone head”) (compare West Frisian hammer, Low German Hamer, Dutch hamer, German Hammer, Danish hammer, Swedish hammare). This is traditionally ascribed to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros, from *h₂éḱmō (“stone”), but see *hamaraz for further discussion.
(declare a defaulter on the stock exchange): Originally signalled by knocking with a wooden mallet.

sense

We is headin' for bear on I-one-oh
'Bout a mile outta Shaky Town.
I says, "Pig Pen, this here's the Rubber Duck
And I'm about to put the hammer down."

1975, “Convoy”, in C.W. McCall, Chip Davis (lyrics), Black Bear Road, performed by C. W. McCall:


classic

classics (plural)
classick (alternative obsolete)

From French classique, from Latin classicus (“relating to the classes of Roman citizenry, especially the highest”), from classis. By surface analysis, class + -ic. Piecewise doublet of classy.

der

The goal of the top horses was to win a Classic (or preferably three, thus claiming the Triple Crown) or the Ascot Gold Cup, […]

2012, Dr Joyce Kay, Professor Wray Vamplew, Encyclopedia of British Horse Racing, page 316:

(horse racing) Any of the British Classic Races, five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season.


bullet

en-noun

bullet (countable and uncountable, plural bullets)

From Middle English bullet (“an official tag or badge of registration or identification”), from Old French bullete, diminutive of boule (“ball”). Later influenced by Middle French boulette and French boulet.

inh

(Canada, US, horse racing) The best workout time at a track on a given day at a specific distance, traditionally marked by a printer's bullet.


pot

From Middle English pot, potte, from Old English pott (“pot”) and Old French pot (“pot”) (probably from Frankish *pott); both Old English and Frankish from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”), from Proto-Indo-European *budnós (“a type of vessel”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pot (“pot”), Dutch pot (“pot”), German Low German Pott (“pot”), German Pott (“pot”), Swedish potta (“chamber pot”), Icelandic pottur (“tub, pot”), Old Armenian պոյտն (poytn, “pot, earthen pot”). Also, Old Norse pottr (“pot, tub, basin”).
The sense of ruin or deterioration was originally a general allusion to "being chopped up and tossed in a (normally fiery) pot, like a piece of meat" (i.e. to get wasted or done with (by someone)). The 'clean' slang term which was used in reference to toilet rooms and lavatories apparently derives from English chamberpots, although now usually encountered as potty in the context of children's toilet training.

pussitus

cue sports: act of causing a ball to fall into a pocket

not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

(UK, horse-racing, slang) A favorite: a heavily-backed horse.


milkshake

It was the illegal administration by trainer Gregory Martin and subsequent positive test of a baking soda, sugar and water mixture – commonly known as a “milkshake” – prior to one of his runner’s 10 length romps in a $12,000 claiming race at Aqueduct on December 18, 2003 that initially helped to bring the $200 million in illegal wagers to light.

(Can we date this quote?), Jen Roytz, “Cosequin presents OTTB Showcase: A One Rocket (a.k.a. “Rocky”)”, in Paulick Report, archived from the original on 2025-04-30, page 1:

(slang, horse racing) An alkaline supplement administered to a horse to improve its racing performance.


milkshake

en-verb

milkshake (third-person singular simple present milkshakes, present participle milkshaking, simple past and past participle milkshaked)

milkshakes (present singular third-person)
milkshaking (participle present)
milkshaked (participle past)
milkshaked (past)

The name of the horse who was milkshaked was A One Rocket.
Martin would later go on to plead guilty to the milkshaking incident and ultimately to two federal charges of conspiracy to commit wire fraud.

(transitive, slang, horse racing) To administer an alkaline supplement to (a horse) to improve its racing performance.


pilot

→ Dari: پیلوت (pilot)

→ Hindi: पायलट (pāylaṭ)

→ Japanese: パイロット (pairotto)

→ Korean: 파일럿 (pailleot)

→ Northern Kurdish: pîlot

From Middle French pilot, pillot, from Italian pilota, piloto, older also pedotta, pedot(t)o (the form in pil- is probably influenced by pileggiare (“to sail, navigate”)); ultimately from unattested Byzantine Greek *πηδώτης (*pēdṓtēs, “helmsman”), from Ancient Greek πηδόν (pēdón, “blade of an oar, oar”), hence also Ancient and Modern Greek πηδάλιον (pēdálion, “rudder”).


circuit

From Middle English circuit, from Old French circuit, from Latin circuitus (“a going round”), from circuire (“go round”), from circum (“around”) + ire.

Interlagos is the 24th track Hamilton has won at in F1, which is more than any other driver in history. The only circuit on the current calendar that Hamilton hasn’t won at is Baku, which only joined the schedule this year.

(motor racing) A track on which a race in held; a racetrack


Christmas tree

Christmas trees (plural)
Christmas's tree (alternative)
X-mas tree (alternative)
Xmas tree (alternative)

PIE word
 *dóru
[[File:Emoji u1f384.svg|thumb||200px|The emoji for Christmas tree: see the entry at 🎄.]]
From Christmas + tree, a calque of German Weynacht Baum (obsolete, 17th c.), Weihnachtsbaum, from Weynacht, Weihnacht (literary or poetic variant of Weihnachten (“Christmas”)) + -s- (genitive interfix) + Baum (“tree”). The custom of Christmas trees was adopted in the United Kingdom from Germany in the 19th century, having been popularized by their use by the royal family during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901.
Sense 3 (“Christmas party”) refers to the fact that there is usually a Christmas tree (sense 1) at the event.

joulukuusi

something which resembles a Christmas tree in appearance or shape

Then, after a smoky-burnout to warm up the tires, you're lined up next to another competitor and the Christmas tree lights blink down … yellow, yellow, yellow, green!

1990 January, Rich Taylor, “Racing 1990: Cheap Thrills: Four Grass-roots Rides—Low Investment, Low Maintenance, High on Fun”, in Joe Oldham, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 167, number 1, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 96, column 3:

(by extension) Something which resembles a Christmas tree (sense 1) in appearance (for example, in having coloured lights) or shape.

(motor racing) A pole with lights, similar to a traffic signal, used for signalling the start of an automobile race.

starttivalot

pole with lights used for signalling the start of an automobile race


bar

From Middle English barren, from Old French barrer, from Medieval Latin barrare (“to bar”), from the noun. Cognate to Occitan barrar, Spanish barrar, Portuguese barrar.
Preposition properly imperative of the verb. Compare barring.

Leg At Each Corner is at 3/1, Lost My Shirt 5/1, and it's 10/1 bar.

(horse racing) Denotes the minimum odds offered on other horses not mentioned by name.


beach

→ Japanese: ビーチ

→ Punjabi: ਬੀਚ (bīc)

→ Zulu: ibhishi

From Middle English bache, bæcche (“bank, sandbank”), from Old English beċe (“beck, brook, stream”), from Proto-West Germanic *baki, from Proto-Germanic *bakiz (“brook”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“flowing water”).
Cognate with Dutch beek (“brook, stream”), German Bach (“brook, stream”), Swedish bäck (“stream, brook, creek”). More at batch, beck.

der

(motor racing, euphemistic) Synonym of gravel trap.


pole

From Middle English pole, pal, from Old English pāl (“a pole, stake, post; a kind of hoe or spade”), from Proto-West Germanic *pāl (“pole”), from Latin pālus (“stake, pale, prop, stay”), perhaps from Old Latin *paxlos, from Proto-Italic *pākslos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to nail, fasten”). Doublet of peel, pale, and palus.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots pale, paill (“stake, pale”), North Frisian pul, pil (“stake, pale”), Saterland Frisian Pool (“pole”), West Frisian poal (“pole”), Dutch paal (“pole”), German Pfahl (“pile, stake, post, pole”), Danish pæl (“pole”), Swedish påle (“pole”), Icelandic páll (“hoe, spade, pale”), Old English fæc (“space of time, while, division, interval; lustrum”).

cog

poll (one pronunciation or with the doll–dole merger)

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

paalu

motor racing: pole position — see also pole position


length

en-noun

length (countable and uncountable, plural lengths)

From Middle English lengthe, from Old English lengþ, lengþu, from Proto-West Germanic *langiþu, from Proto-Germanic *langiþō, equivalent to long + -th (abstract nominal suffix). Cognate with Scots lenth, lainth (“length”), Saterland Frisian Loangte (“length”), West Frisian lingte, langte (“length”), Dutch lengte (“length”), German Low German Längde, Längd, Längte, Längt (“length”), Danish længde (“length”), Swedish längd (“length”), Icelandic lengd (“length”).

(horse racing) The length of a horse, used to indicate the distance between horses at the end of a race.


score

en-verb

score (third-person singular simple present scores, present participle scoring, simple past and past participle scored)

scores (present singular third-person)
scoring (participle present)
scored (participle past)
scored (past)
score (infinitive)
score (first-person present singular)
scored (first-person past singular)
score (present second-person singular)
scorest (archaic present second-person singular)
scored (past second-person singular)
scoredst (archaic past second-person singular)
scores (present singular third-person)
scoreth (archaic present singular third-person)
scored (past singular third-person)
score (plural present)
scored (past plural)
score (present subjunctive)
scored (past subjunctive)
score (imperative present)
scoring (participle present)
scored (participle past)

→⇒ Irish: scóráil

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English score, skore, schore, from Old English scoru (“notch; tally; score”), from Old Norse skor, from Proto-Germanic *skurō (“incision; tear; rift”), which is related to *skeraną (“to cut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“cut”). Cognate with Icelandic skora, Swedish skåra, Danish skår. Related to shear.
For the sense “twenty”: The mark on a tally made by drovers for every twenty beasts passing through a tollgate.

der

[…] and the scoring for a start by these "inferior" horses would kill a thoroughbred. As an instance, in the 2:27 race at Cleveland, last summer, twelve horses scored seventeen times before they got a fair start.

1878, John H. Wallace, Wallace's Monthly, volume 4, page 18:

(horse racing, ambitransitive) To return (a horse and rider) to the starting-point repeatedly, until a fair start is achieved.


grid

Back-formation or clipping of griddle or gridiron.

McLaren's Lewis Hamilton fought up from the back of the grid to eighth, with team-mate Jenson Button taking ninth.

2012 May 13, Andrew Benson, “Williams's Pastor Maldonado takes landmark Spanish Grand Prix win”, in BBC Sport:

(motor racing) The pattern of starting positions of the drivers for a race.

стартова решетка

motor racing: the pattern of starting positions of the drivers for a race


grid

(motor racing) grid (starting positions of the drivers for a race)


prototype

[ˈpɹoʊɾəˌtaɪp]

[ˈpɹoʊɾəˌtʌɪp]

[ˈpɹəʉɾətɑep]

[ˈpɹɐʉɾətɑep]

[ˈpɹɐʉɾətaɪp]

From French prototype or Late Latin prototypon, from Ancient Greek πρωτότυπος (prōtótupos, “original; prototype”), from πρωτο- (prōto-, “first”) (from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first; earliest”)) + τῠ́πος (tŭ́pos, “blow, pressing; sort, type”) (from τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push; to stick”)). The word is analysable as proto- + -type.

(motor racing) A type of race car, a racing sports car not based on a production car. A 4-wheeled cockpit-seating car built especially for racing on sports car circuits, that does not use the silhouette related to a consumer road car.


los

Inherited from Middle High German and Old High German lōs. Compare English loose.

regionally; chiefly as interjection or when meaning “going on”


half brother

en-noun

half brother (plural half brothers or half brethren)

half brothers (plural)
half brethren (plural)
half-brother (alternative)
halfbrother (alternative)

/ˌhæfˈbɹʌðɚ/

From Middle English half-brother, equivalent to half- + brother. Cognate with Dutch halfbroer (“halfbrother”), German Halbbruder (“halfbrother”), Danish halvbroder (“halfbrother”), Swedish halvbroder, halvbror (“halfbrother”), Icelandic hálfbróðir (“halfbrother”).

(horse racing) A male half sibling (same dam, different sires).

同母異父 /同母异父

son of the same mother but a different father

同父異母 /同父异母

son of the same father but a different mother


half sister

half sisters (plural)
half-sister (alternative)

From Middle English halfesister, half-suster, half sister, equivalent to half- + sister. Compare Dutch halfzus, halfzuster (“half-sister”), German Halbschwester (“half-sister”), Swedish halvsyster (“half-sister”), Icelandic hálfsystir (“half-sister”).

(horse racing) A female half sibling (same dam, different sires).

同父異母 /同父异母

daughter of the same father but a different mother

uterina

daughter of the same mother but a different father


prep

prep (countable and uncountable, plural preps)

(horse racing) A preparatory race or workout.


heater

→ Japanese: ヒーター (hītā)

Tok Pisin: hita

(horse racing) A dead heat; a race in which two or more competitors reach the finish line simultaneously.


lug

en-verb

lug (third-person singular simple present lugs, present participle lugging, simple past and past participle lugged)

lugs (present singular third-person)
lugging (participle present)
lugged (participle past)
lugged (past)

From Middle English luggen, possibly from Scandinavian source, (compare Swedish lugga, Norwegian lugge); also in English dialectal as lig (“to lug”). Noun is via Scots lugge, probably from Old Norse (compare Norwegian and Swedish lugg). Probably related to slug (“lazy, slow-moving”), which may be from similar source(s).

(intransitive, horse-racing) To pull toward the inside rail ("lugging in") or the outside rail ("lugging out") during a race.


formula

formula (nominative singular)
formulat (nominative plural)
formula (accusative nominative singular)
formulat (accusative nominative plural)
formulan (accusative genitive singular)
formulat (accusative genitive plural)
formulan (genitive singular)
formuloiden (genitive plural)
formuloitten (genitive plural)
formulain (genitive plural rare)
formulaa (partitive singular)
formuloita (partitive plural)
formulassa (inessive singular)
formuloissa (inessive plural)
formulasta (elative singular)
formuloista (elative plural)
formulaan (illative singular)
formuloihin (illative plural)
formulalla (adessive singular)
formuloilla (adessive plural)
formulalta (ablative singular)
formuloilta (ablative plural)
formulalle (allative singular)
formuloille (allative plural)
formulana (essive singular)
formuloina (essive plural)
formulaksi (singular translative)
formuloiksi (plural translative)
formulatta (abessive singular)
formuloitta (abessive plural)
formuloin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
formulani (nominative singular)
formulani (nominative plural)
formulani (accusative nominative singular)
formulani (accusative nominative plural)
formulani (accusative genitive singular)
formulani (accusative genitive plural)
formulani (genitive singular)
formuloideni (genitive plural)
formuloitteni (genitive plural)
formulaini (genitive plural rare)
formulaani (partitive singular)
formuloitani (partitive plural)
formulassani (inessive singular)
formuloissani (inessive plural)
formulastani (elative singular)
formuloistani (elative plural)
formulaani (illative singular)
formuloihini (illative plural)
formulallani (adessive singular)
formuloillani (adessive plural)
formulaltani (ablative singular)
formuloiltani (ablative plural)
formulalleni (allative singular)
formuloilleni (allative plural)
formulanani (essive singular)
formuloinani (essive plural)
formulakseni (singular translative)
formuloikseni (plural translative)
formulattani (abessive singular)
formuloittani (abessive plural)
formuloineni (comitative plural)
formulasi (nominative singular)
formulasi (nominative plural)
formulasi (accusative nominative singular)
formulasi (accusative nominative plural)
formulasi (accusative genitive singular)
formulasi (accusative genitive plural)
formulasi (genitive singular)
formuloidesi (genitive plural)
formuloittesi (genitive plural)
formulaisi (genitive plural rare)
formulaasi (partitive singular)
formuloitasi (partitive plural)
formulassasi (inessive singular)
formuloissasi (inessive plural)
formulastasi (elative singular)
formuloistasi (elative plural)
formulaasi (illative singular)
formuloihisi (illative plural)
formulallasi (adessive singular)
formuloillasi (adessive plural)
formulaltasi (ablative singular)
formuloiltasi (ablative plural)
formulallesi (allative singular)
formuloillesi (allative plural)
formulanasi (essive singular)
formuloinasi (essive plural)
formulaksesi (singular translative)
formuloiksesi (plural translative)
formulattasi (abessive singular)
formuloittasi (abessive plural)
formuloinesi (comitative plural)
formulamme (nominative singular)
formulamme (nominative plural)
formulamme (accusative nominative singular)
formulamme (accusative nominative plural)
formulamme (accusative genitive singular)
formulamme (accusative genitive plural)
formulamme (genitive singular)
formuloidemme (genitive plural)
formuloittemme (genitive plural)
formulaimme (genitive plural rare)
formulaamme (partitive singular)
formuloitamme (partitive plural)
formulassamme (inessive singular)
formuloissamme (inessive plural)
formulastamme (elative singular)
formuloistamme (elative plural)
formulaamme (illative singular)
formuloihimme (illative plural)
formulallamme (adessive singular)
formuloillamme (adessive plural)
formulaltamme (ablative singular)
formuloiltamme (ablative plural)
formulallemme (allative singular)
formuloillemme (allative plural)
formulanamme (essive singular)
formuloinamme (essive plural)
formulaksemme (singular translative)
formuloiksemme (plural translative)
formulattamme (abessive singular)
formuloittamme (abessive plural)
formuloinemme (comitative plural)
formulanne (nominative singular)
formulanne (nominative plural)
formulanne (accusative nominative singular)
formulanne (accusative nominative plural)
formulanne (accusative genitive singular)
formulanne (accusative genitive plural)
formulanne (genitive singular)
formuloidenne (genitive plural)
formuloittenne (genitive plural)
formulainne (genitive plural rare)
formulaanne (partitive singular)
formuloitanne (partitive plural)
formulassanne (inessive singular)
formuloissanne (inessive plural)
formulastanne (elative singular)
formuloistanne (elative plural)
formulaanne (illative singular)
formuloihinne (illative plural)
formulallanne (adessive singular)
formuloillanne (adessive plural)
formulaltanne (ablative singular)
formuloiltanne (ablative plural)
formulallenne (allative singular)
formuloillenne (allative plural)
formulananne (essive singular)
formuloinanne (essive plural)
formulaksenne (singular translative)
formuloiksenne (plural translative)
formulattanne (abessive singular)
formuloittanne (abessive plural)
formuloinenne (comitative plural)
formulansa (nominative singular)
formulansa (nominative plural)
formulansa (accusative nominative singular)
formulansa (accusative nominative plural)
formulansa (accusative genitive singular)
formulansa (accusative genitive plural)
formulansa (genitive singular)
formuloidensa (genitive plural)
formuloittensa (genitive plural)
formulainsa (genitive plural rare)
formulaansa (partitive singular)
formuloitaan (partitive plural)
formuloitansa (partitive plural)
formulassaan (inessive singular)
formulassansa (inessive singular)
formuloissaan (inessive plural)
formuloissansa (inessive plural)
formulastaan (elative singular)
formulastansa (elative singular)
formuloistaan (elative plural)
formuloistansa (elative plural)
formulaansa (illative singular)
formuloihinsa (illative plural)
formulallaan (adessive singular)
formulallansa (adessive singular)
formuloillaan (adessive plural)
formuloillansa (adessive plural)
formulaltaan (ablative singular)
formulaltansa (ablative singular)
formuloiltaan (ablative plural)
formuloiltansa (ablative plural)
formulalleen (allative singular)
formulallensa (allative singular)
formuloilleen (allative plural)
formuloillensa (allative plural)
formulanaan (essive singular)
formulanansa (essive singular)
formuloinaan (essive plural)
formuloinansa (essive plural)
formulakseen (singular translative)
formulaksensa (singular translative)
formuloikseen (plural translative)
formuloiksensa (plural translative)
formulattaan (abessive singular)
formulattansa (abessive singular)
formuloittaan (abessive plural)
formuloittansa (abessive plural)
formuloineen (comitative plural)
formuloinensa (comitative plural)


steward

From Middle English steward, stiward, from Old English stiġweard (“steward, housekeeper, one who has the superintendence of household affairs, guardian”), from stiġ (“a wooden enclosure; house, hall”) + weard (“ward, guard, guardian, keeper”), equivalent to sty + ward. Compare Icelandic stívarður (“steward”). More at sty, ward.

управител

any administrator of the property or affairs of another

(motor racing) A person who is responsible for the arbitration of incidents at a motor racing event and determining whether or not fines or penalties should be issued for such incidents.


up

down

antonym(s) of “traveling towards a major terminus”

From Middle English up, from Old English upp, from Proto-Germanic *upp, see more there.

(horse-racing) Riding the horse; mounted.


aid

en-noun

aid (countable and uncountable, plural aids)

aids (plural)
aide (alternative)
ayde (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English aide, eide, ayde, from Old French eide, aide, from aidier, from Latin adiūtō, adiūtāre (“to assist, help”). Cognates include Spanish ayuda, Portuguese ajuda and Italian aiuto.

der

(countable, chiefly in the plural, horse racing) The rider's use of hands, legs, voice, etc. to control the horse.


allowance

en-noun

allowance (countable and uncountable, plural allowances)

allowances (plural)
allowaunce (alternative obsolete)

→ Cebuano: alawans

→ Malay: élaun

From Middle English allouance, from Old French alouance.
Morphologically allow + -ance.

On the Flat, an apprentice jockey starts with an allowance of 7 lb.

(horse racing) A permitted reduction in the weight that a racehorse must carry.


tow

en-verb

tow (third-person singular simple present tows, present participle towing, simple past and past participle towed)

tows (present singular third-person)
towing (participle present)
towed (participle past)
towed (past)

→ Welsh: towio

From Middle English towen, from Old English togian, from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-.
See also Middle High German zogen, German ziehen, Dutch tijgen, Old Norse toga.

(running, cycling, motor racing, etc.) To aid someone behind by shielding them from wind resistance.


tow

On Saturday, Vettel was very unhappy with Leclerc's failure to work out a way through the traffic and give him a tow for the second runs in qualifying, as had been agreed.

2019 September 8, Andrew Benson, BBC Sport:

(motor racing) A speed increase given by driving in front of another car on a straight, which causes a slipstream for the car behind.


nerf

nerf (third-person singular simple present nerfs, present participle nerfing, simple past and past participle nerfed)

nerfs (present singular third-person)
nerfing (participle present)
nerfed (participle past)
nerfed (past)

A racer will often nerf another as a psychological tactic.

"The crazy fool!" Ricky exclaimed. "Nerfing me!"

1953, Henry Gregor Felsen, Street Rod, Random House, page 129:

(motor racing, transitive) To bump lightly, whether accidentally or purposefully.


on the bubble

US, late 20th century, from Indiana motor racing.

Smith was on the bubble but lost out when Jones was faster by a tenth of a second.

(motor racing) Holding the last qualifying position with qualification still in progress, and thus liable to lose that position.


pole position

en-noun

pole position (countable and uncountable, plural pole positions)

See pole position § Origin on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

pedia

Smith once again enjoys the pole position.

(motor racing) The top qualifying position for a race, on the inside of the front row at the starting line.


pole position

Unadapted borrowing from English pole position.

ubor

(motor racing, also figurative) pole position (both senses)


bubble position

en-noun

bubble position (plural bubble positions)

Smith is in the bubble position, having barely beaten out Jones for the last spot.

(motor racing) The bottom qualifying position in a race, on the outside of the last row at the starting line.


qualifying position

qualifying position (plural qualifying positions)

(motor racing) The position given at the start of a race, ranked from most favorable to least favorable, awarded according to the times achieved during qualification.

poziție de calificare

in auto racing: the position given at the start of a race


pit stop

pit stops (plural)
pitstop (alternative)
pit-stop (alternative)

→ Polish: pit stop

From pit + stop. First use appears c. 1915.

Alonso and Ferrari may well privately regret the decision to delay their second pit stop until two laps after Maldonado made his on the 24th of 66 laps.

(motor racing) A stop made during an automobile race at the pit to refuel and perform other periodic maintenance on the vehicle.


pit stop

pit stop (nominative singular)
pit stopy (nominative plural)
pit stopu (genitive singular)
pit stopów (genitive plural)
pit stopowi (dative singular)
pit stopom (dative plural)
pit stop (accusative singular)
pit stopy (accusative plural)
pit stopem (instrumental singular)
pit stopami (instrumental plural)
pit stopie (locative singular)
pit stopach (locative plural)
pit stopie (singular vocative)
pit stopy (plural vocative)
pit-stop (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English pit stop.

ubor

(motor racing) pit stop (a stop made during an automobile race at the pit to refuel and perform other periodic maintenance on the vehicle)

(motor racing) pit (an area at a racetrack used for refueling and repairing the vehicles during a race)


corn

head

corn m (genitive singular coirn, nominative plural coirn)

coirn (genitive singular)
coirn (nominative plural)
corn (indefinite nominative singular)
coirn (indefinite nominative plural)
a choirn (indefinite singular vocative)
a chorna (indefinite plural vocative)
coirn (genitive indefinite singular)
corn (genitive indefinite plural)
corn (dative indefinite singular)
coirn (dative indefinite plural)
an corn (definite nominative singular)
na coirn (definite nominative plural)
an choirn (definite genitive singular)
na gcorn (definite genitive plural)
leis an gcorn (dative definite singular)
don chorn (dative definite singular)
leis na coirn (dative definite plural)

From Old Irish corn (“drinking horn”), from Latin cornū.


touring car

(motor racing) A type of race car based on a modified production car, that is a sedan or saloon car.


place

en-noun

place (countable and uncountable, plural places)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

From Middle English place, conflation of Old English plæċe (“place, an open space, street”) and Old French place (“place, an open space”), both from Latin platea (“plaza, wide street”), from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa), shortening of πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateîa hodós, “broad way”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“to spread”), extended form of *pleh₂- (“flat”). Displaced native Old English stōw, stede, and -ern. Compare also English pleck (“plot of ground”), West Frisian plak (“place, spot, location”), Dutch plek (“place, spot, patch”). Doublet of piatza, piazza, and plaza.

noncog

all over the place like a mad woman's custard

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

there is a place and time for everything

there is a time and place for everything

there's a time and a place for everything

to win a bet on a horse for place

(social) A responsibility or position in an organization.

(horse racing) The position of first, second, or third at the finish, especially the second position.


place

en-verb

place (third-person singular simple present places, present participle placing, simple past and past participle placed)

places (present singular third-person)
placing (participle present)
placed (participle past)
placed (past)
place (infinitive)
place (first-person present singular)
placed (first-person past singular)
place (present second-person singular)
placest (archaic present second-person singular)
placed (past second-person singular)
placedst (archaic past second-person singular)
places (present singular third-person)
placeth (archaic present singular third-person)
placed (past singular third-person)
place (plural present)
placed (past plural)
place (present subjunctive)
placed (past subjunctive)
place (imperative present)
placing (participle present)
placed (participle past)
yplaced (archaic participle past)
pleace (alternative)

From Middle English placen, from the noun (see above).

classificar-se

passive: to rank at (a certain position)

In the third race: Aces Up won, paying eight dollars; Blarney Stone placed, paying three dollars; and Cinnamon showed, paying five dollars.

(ergative) To earn a given spot in a competition; to rank at a certain position ((often followed by an ordinal)).

(intransitive, motor racing) To finish second, especially of horses or dogs.


rank

en-adj

rank (comparative ranker or more rank, superlative rankest or most rank)

ranker (comparative)
more rank (comparative)
rankest (superlative)
most rank (superlative)
ranck (alternative)

From Middle English rank (“strong, proud”), from Old English ranc (“proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent, forward, overbearing, showy, ostentatious, splendid, bold, valiant, noble, brave, strong, full-grown, mature”), from Proto-West Germanic *rank, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, direct”). Cognate with Dutch rank (“slender, slim”), Low German rank (“slender, projecting, lank”), Danish rank (“straight, erect, slender”), Swedish rank (“slender, shaky, wonky”), Icelandic rakkur (“straight, slender, bold, valiant”).

cog

If Safford happens to be driving a "rank" horse, one that insists on getting away fast, he goes along with the rest, […]

1949, The New Yorker (volume 25, part 3, page 46)

(obsolete) Strong; powerful; capable of acting or being used with great effect; energetic; vigorous; headstrong.

(horse racing) Headstrong; difficult to control.


silk

en-noun

silk (countable and uncountable, plural silks)

→ Hawaiian: kilika

From Middle English silk, sylk, selk, selc, from Old English sioloc, seoloc, seolc (“silk”). The immediate source is uncertain; it probably reached English via the Baltic trade routes (cognates in Old Norse silki (> Danish silke, Swedish silke (“silk”)), Russian шёлк (šolk), obsolete Lithuanian zilkai̇̃), all ultimately from Late Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρικός (sērikós), ultimately from an Oriental language (represented now by e.g. Chinese 絲 /丝 (sī, “silk”)). Compare Seres. Doublet of seric and serge.

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

(horse racing, usually in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.


soft

soft (countable and uncountable, plural softs)

From Middle English softe, from Old English sōfte, alteration of earlier sēfte (“soft”), from Proto-West Germanic *samft(ī) (“level, even, smooth, soft, gentle”) (compare *sōmiz (“agreeable, fitting”)), from Proto-Indo-European *semptio-, *semtio-, from *sem- (“one, whole”). Cognate with West Frisian sêft (“gentle; soft”), Dutch zacht (“soft”), German Low German sacht (“soft”), German sanft (“soft, yielding”), Old Norse sœmr (“agreeable, fitting”), samr (“same”). More at seem, same.

inh

(countable, motor racing) A tyre whose compound is softer than mediums, and harder than supersofts.


jail

en-noun

jail (countable and uncountable, plural jails)

jails (plural)
gaol (alternative Australia Ireland UK dated)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जेल (jel)

Urdu: جیل (jel)

→ Punjabi: ਜੇਲ੍ਹ (jelh)

→ Welsh: jêl, jael

From Middle English gayole, gaylle, gaille, gayle, gaile, from Old French gaiole, gayolle, gaole, from Medieval Latin gabiola, from Late Latin caveola (“small cage, cell”), a diminutive of Latin cavea (“cavity, coop, cage”). Doublet of caveola and related to cage. More at cajole.
Fully displaced native Middle English quartern (“prison, jail, cell”), from Old English cweartern (“jail, prison”).
Partially displaced native Middle English lok, from Old English loc (“enclosure, pen; jail, prison”), whence lock; and Middle English carcern, from Old English carcern, from Latin carcer (“prison, jail”).
Compare these Old English words, all meaning “jail”: heaþor, heolstorloca (means also “jail cell”), clūstorloc, dung (also “dungeon”), hlinræced, nirwþ, nīedcleofa, hearmloca, and nearu.

ncog

(horse racing, uncountable) The condition created by the requirement that a horse claimed in a claiming race not be run at another track for some period of time (usually 30 days).

horse racing: condition of not being able to run at another track for some period of time

väliaikainen kilpailurajoitus myynnin jälkeen


stripe

From Middle English stripe, strype, from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German strîpe, from Proto-West Germanic *strīpā, *strīpō, from Proto-Germanic *strīpô. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Striepe (“stripe, strip”), West Frisian stripe (“stripe”), Dutch streep (“stripe”), German Low German Striepe, Striep, Streep (“stripe”), German Streifen (“stripe, strip, band”), Danish stribe (“stripe”).

cog

(motor racing, slang) The start/finish line.


stretch

→ Esperanto: streĉi

→ Finnish: stretch-

→ French: stretch

From Middle English strecchen, from Old English streċċan (“to stretch, hold out, extend, spread out, prostrate”), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch, make taut or tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg-, *streg-, *treg- (“stiff, rigid”). Cognate with West Frisian strekke, Dutch strekken (“to stretch, straighten”), German strecken (“to stretch, straighten, elongate”), Danish strække (“to stretch”), Swedish sträcka (“to stretch”), Dutch strak (“taut, tight”), Albanian shtriqem (“to stretch”). More at stark.

cog

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(horse racing) The homestretch, the final straight section of the track leading to the finish.


bounce

en-verb

bounce (third-person singular simple present bounces, present participle bouncing, simple past and past participle bounced)

bounces (present singular third-person)
bouncing (participle present)
bounced (participle past)
bounced (past)

From Middle English bounsen, bunsen (“to beat, thump”), cognate with Scots bunce, bonce (“to bounce”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps imitative, related to bump, or related to Middle English bonchen (“to pound, beat”) and Dutch bonken (“to bump”).
Compare Saterland Frisian bumzje (“to pound, bang, bounce”), West Frisian bûnzje (“to throb, bounce, pulsate”), Dutch bonzen (“to thump, knock, throb, bounce”), German Low German bunsen, bumsen (“to beat, bounce”), German bumsen (“to thud, bang, pound”).

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

(horse racing, slang) To race poorly after a successful race.


bounce

en-noun

bounce (countable and uncountable, plural bounces)

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

(horse racing, slang) The situation where a horse races poorly after a successful race.


tight

en-adj

tight (comparative tighter, superlative tightest)

tighter (comparative)
tightest (superlative)

baggy

firmly held together; of clothing or other material

slack

antonym(s) of “well-rehearsed and accurate”

From Middle English tight, tyght, tyȝt, tiht, variants of thight, thiht, from Old English *þiht, *þīht (attested in meteþiht), from Proto-West Germanic *þį̄ht(ī), from Proto-Germanic *þinhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tenkt- (“dense, thick, tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, pull”).
Cognate with Scots ticht, West Frisian ticht, Danish tæt, Icelandic þéttur (“dense”), Norwegian tett, Swedish tät, Dutch dicht (“dense”), German dicht (“dense”).
The current form with t- /t/ rather than etymologically-expected th- /θ/ arose in Middle English under the influence of the etymologically-unrelated verbs tighten and tight.

ngushtë

slang: mean, miserly — see also tight-fisted

(US, slang, motor racing) With understeer, primarily used to describe NASCAR stock cars.


compound

en-verb

compound (third-person singular simple present compounds, present participle compounding, simple past and past participle compounded)

compounds (present singular third-person)
compounding (participle present)
compounded (participle past)
compounded (past)

From Middle English compounen, from Middle French componre, compondre (“to put together”), from Latin componō, from Latin com- (“together”) + ponō (“to put”).

At the hill, the Warrior must have been at least ten lengths in front of Wild Dayrell; but he compounded about 200 yards on the T. Y. C. side of the Red House.

1855, The Sporting Review, volume 34, page 240:

(horse racing, intransitive) Of a horse: to fail to maintain speed.


Wally

(motor racing) The trophy awarded to winners of an NHRA national event (named after founder Wally Parks).


hod

Probably an alteration of hot (“(Northern England, Scotland) large basket for carrying earth, etc.”), from Middle English hott, hote, hotte (“large basket or pannier for carrying earth, etc.; unit of measure for grain; hut or shed (perhaps originally of wattlework); lump of dirt (?)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Old French hote, hotte (“large basket carried on the back”) (modern French hotte (“carrying basket”)), from Frankish *hotta (“basket”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *hud- (“to shake”) (see further at etymology 1), ultimately an onomatopoeia of the swaying movement of such a basket (compare Middle Dutch hotten (“to jolt; shake”)).
Cognates
German Hotte (“wooden basket carried on the back; (specifically) basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Rhineland, Swabia), Hutte (“basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Alsace, Switzerland)
Late Latin hotta, hottus (“hod”)

col

Cognates

'Clerking' is perhaps the most difficult and most admired job on a racecourse. The next time you see a bookmaker at his hod, waving his ticket-filled hands, shouting the odds, look to his left, just back a bit—out of the limelight. The bloke sitting there with his head buried deep in a ledger is the clerk.

2006, Tommy Steele, chapter 6, in Bermondsey Boy: Memories of a Forgotten World, large print edition, Bath, Somerset: Windsor Paragon; BBC Audiobooks, published 2007, →ISBN, page 64:


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

(horse racing) An illicit electric shock device used to urge on a horse during a race.


washy

en-adj

washy (comparative washier, superlative washiest)

washier (comparative)
washiest (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-washy.wav

a washy horse

(US, dialect, archaic or horse racing) Not firm or hardy; liable to sweat profusely with labour.


chute

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chute.wav

(horse racing) An extension to a straightway on either the home stretch or the backstretch, to avoid having a turn at the start of the race.


gap

en-verb

gap (third-person singular simple present gaps, present participle gapping, simple past and past participle gapped)

gaps (present singular third-person)
gapping (participle present)
gapped (participle past)
gapped (past)

From Middle English gap, gappe, from Old Norse gap (“an empty space, gap, chasm”), from gapa (“to gape, scream”), from Proto-Germanic *gapōną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to open wide, gape”). Related to Danish gab (“an expanse, space, gap”), Old English ġeap (“open space, expanse”); compare English gape.

cog

Honestly K&C could release today with like a bit more SOT buffs and they'd probably still gap a lot of the game

2022 May 4, u/jhawk1117, “Two units that were really ahead of their time”, in Reddit, r/DBZDokkanBattle, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

sometimes dril gets absolutely gapped by average ukraine war reddit comments

2023 May 23, @slime_machine, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

Imagine street racing someone then suddenly both of you get gapped by a slammed tiger tank 😂 AKA der "Drippenwagen"

2023 December 19, @kommanderkarl, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

"Not really the reason his team lost" is still not showing up by Chovy's standarts. Like in a way you're downplaying how good this guy has been domestically the last 3-4 years. He is comfortably the best player in the league and is utterly gapping every other midlaner in the league series after series, year after year.

2024 March 9, u/djpain20, “T1 vs. Gen.G / LCK 2024 Spring - Week 7 / Post-Match Discussion”, in Reddit, r/leagueoflegends, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

My sports car gets gapped by families of 5 in these all the time and they don't even know we're racing

2024 May 14, u/DM-Me-Your_Titties, “Kia reveals mid-life update to EV6.”, in Reddit, r/cars, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

When you avoid getting buffed next patch due to your players gapping

2024 July 6, @Rubiflorid, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-07-18:

(transitive, intransitive, slang, especially video games, motor racing) To surpass (someone or something) by a considerable margin.


couple

en-verb

couple (third-person singular simple present couples, present participle coupling, simple past and past participle coupled)

couples (present singular third-person)
coupling (participle present)
coupled (participle past)
coupled (past)
copel (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English couple, from Old French couple, from Latin cōpula. Doublet of copula.

(horse racing, transitive) To enter (multiple horses with the same owner) into a race so that a single bet can be placed on any of them winning.


lap

lap (third-person singular simple present laps, present participle lapping, simple past and past participle lapped or (archaic) lapt)

laps (present singular third-person)
lapping (participle present)
lapped (participle past)
lapped (past)
lapt (archaic participle past)
lapt (archaic past)

From Middle English lappen (“to fold, wrap”) from earlier wlappen (“to fold, wrap”), from Old English *wlappan, *wlæppan, *wlappian (“to wrap”), from Proto-Germanic *wlapp-, *wrapp- (“to wrap, fold, roll up, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch lappen (“to wrap up, embrace”), dialectal Danish vravle (“to wind”), Old Italian goluppare (“to wrap, fold up”) (from Germanic). Doublet of wrap. Also related to envelop, develop.
The sense of "to get a lap ahead (of someone) on a track" is from 1847, on notion of "overlapping." The noun meaning "a turn around a track" (1861) is from this sense.

cog

en:overtake race competitors substantially

(transitive, sports, motor racing) To overtake a straggler in a race by completing one more whole lap than the straggler.

ohittaa kierroksella

sports, motor racing: to overtake a straggler in a race


rally

→ Russian: ра́лли (rálli)

From Middle French rallier (French rallier), from Old French ralier, from Latin prefix re- + ad + ligare (“to bind; to ally”).

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-rally.wav

(motor racing) An event in which competitors drive through a series of timed special stages at intervals. The winner is the driver who completes all stages with the shortest cumulative time.


rally

rally (absolutive indefinite)
rallya (absolutive indefinite singular)
rallyak (absolutive indefinite plural)
rallyk (ergative indefinite)
rallyak (ergative indefinite singular)
rallyek (ergative indefinite plural)
rallyri (dative indefinite)
rallyari (dative indefinite singular)
rallyei (dative indefinite plural)
rallyren (genitive indefinite)
rallyaren (genitive indefinite singular)
rallyen (genitive indefinite plural)
rallyrekin (comitative indefinite)
rallyarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
rallyekin (comitative indefinite plural)
rallyrengatik (causative indefinite)
rallyarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
rallyengatik (causative indefinite plural)
rallyrentzat (benefactive indefinite)
rallyarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
rallyentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
rallyz (indefinite instrumental)
rallyaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
rallyez (indefinite instrumental plural)
rallytan (indefinite inessive)
rallyan (indefinite inessive singular)
rallyetan (indefinite inessive plural)
rallytako (indefinite locative)
rallyko (indefinite locative singular)
rallyetako (indefinite locative plural)
rallytara (allative indefinite)
rallyra (allative indefinite singular)
rallyetara (allative indefinite plural)
rallytaraino (indefinite terminative)
rallyraino (indefinite singular terminative)
rallyetaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
rallytarantz (directive indefinite)
rallyrantz (directive indefinite singular)
rallyetarantz (directive indefinite plural)
rallytarako (destinative indefinite)
rallyrako (destinative indefinite singular)
rallyetarako (destinative indefinite plural)
rallytatik (ablative indefinite)
rallytik (ablative indefinite singular)
rallyetatik (ablative indefinite plural)
rallyrik (indefinite partitive)
rallytzat (indefinite prolative)

Borrowed from Spanish rally, from English rally.


rally

rally (indefinite nominative singular)
rallys (genitive indefinite singular)
rallyt (definite nominative singular)
rallyts (definite genitive singular)
rallyn (indefinite nominative plural)
rallyns (genitive indefinite plural)
rallyna (definite nominative plural)
rallynas (definite genitive plural)


route

→ Japanese: ルート

From Middle English route, from Old French route, from Latin rupta [via] (literally “a path made by force”). Compare Modern French route.

der

(horse racing) A race longer than one mile.


stagger

From Middle English stakeren, from Old Norse stakra (“to push, stagger”). Cognate with dialectal Danish stagre.

(motor racing) The difference in circumference between the left and right tires on a racing vehicle. It is used on oval tracks to make the car turn better in the corners.


ringer

Some senses may derive from ring the changes (“run through variations; enliven; pass counterfeit money; trick a shopkeeper into giving too much change”).

(horse racing) A horse fraudulently entered in a race using the name of another horse.


IRL

(motor racing) Initialism of Indy Racing League.


SF

Super Formula
w:Super Formula Championship

(motor racing) Initialism of Super Formula.


SF

スーパーフォーミュラ スーパーフォーミュラ#Japanese

(motor racing) SF: abbreviation of スーパーフォーミュラ (“Super Formula”)


bumper

Dutch: bumper

Japanese: バンパー (banpā)

Korean: 범퍼 (beompeo)

Russian: ба́мпер (bámper)

(horse racing) In National Hunt racing, a flat race for horses that have not yet competed either in flat racing or over obstacles.


deg

en-noun

deg (countable and uncountable, plural degs)

(motor racing, uncountable) Clipping of degradation.


halo

From Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun or moon; ring of light around the sun or moon”), of unknown origin. The threshing floor's circular threshold or oxen walking on it in a circle gave rise to the other meanings. Used in English since 1563; the sense of light around someone’s head since 1646.

aureole

luminous disc around head of saints in paintings

massive astronomical compact halo object

massive astrophysical compact halo object

(motor racing) A roll bar placed in front of the driver, used to protect the cockpit of an open cockpit racecar.


aero

en-noun

aero (countable and uncountable, plural aeros)

Back-formation from aero- (prefix), from Ancient Greek ἀέρος (aéros).

"The biggest difference is aero, which is a really big cut."

2009 February 12, Paul Gover, “Australian Grand Prix sleep-in suits Robert Kubica,”, in Herald Sun:

(slang, uncountable, motor racing) Aerodynamics.


kitty litter

kitty litter (usually uncountable, plural kitty litters)

[ˈkʰɪɾi ˈlɪɾɚ]

(motor racing, informal) A gravel trap (a large area of gravel used to slow cars that leave the track)


grand slam

(motor racing) The situation in which a racer starts from pole position, then wins first place while leading during the entire race, while also recording the fastest lap of the race.


closer

From Middle English closere, equivalent to close (verb) + -er.

(horse racing) A horse that performs best toward the end of a race.


RAF

(motor racing) Abbreviation of Russian Automobile Federation.

The national identifier for Russians in international motorsport while Russia is under ban by the ruling of the Court of Arbitration for Sport supporting the ban enacted by the World Anti-Doping Agency.


Mario

Borrowed from Italian and Spanish Mario, both of which coming from Latin Marius.

(automotive, motor racing, figurative) Ellipsis of Mario Andretti (“one who drives fast or recklessly”).


sweeper

From Middle English swepere, swepare, equivalent to sweep + -er. Cognate with Middle Low German swēpære, swēper (“broom for sweeping up debris”).

(motor racing, slang) A large-radius, or high/medium speed corner in a racing circuit, named as such because of the ability of someone to trace the corner profile via "sweeping" motion of the arm.


souped-up

en-adj

souped-up (comparative more souped-up, superlative most souped-up)

more souped-up (comparative)
most souped-up (superlative)
souped (alternative)
souped up (alternative)
suped-up (alternative)

Uncertain; the fact that the earlier senses seem to be the horse racing cant and United States Navy slang ones suggests a derivation from soup (“liquid food item”), connoting a horse or a person being filled with a liquid.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that the term is a modified clipping of supe(r), with reference to an aeroplane or automobile engine being supercharged: see, for example, the 1925 quotation. This sense appears to post-date the horse-racing and navy slang senses.

(horse racing, cant) Of a racehorse: injected with a substance to make it run faster or to change its temperament.

napumpan

of a racehorse: injected with a substance to make it run faster


wrong 'un

wrong 'uns (plural)
wrong'un (alternative)

(horse-racing) A horse deliberately held back in order to lose a race.


impost

Borrowed from Middle French impost, itself borrowed or adapted from Latin impōsitus, past participle of impōnō (“I impose”).

(horse racing, slang) The weight that must be carried by a horse in a race; the handicap.


marshal

marshals (plural)
marshall (alternative)
mareschal (alternative)

→ Malay: marsyal

From Middle English marschal, from Anglo-Norman mareschal (“farrier; military commander”), from Medieval Latin mariscalcus (“groom, army commander, court dignitary”), either from Frankish *marhaskalk, or Old High German marah-scalc (“horse-servant”), from Proto-West Germanic *marh + *skalk (whence Old Saxon maraskalk, marahscalc). Compare English mare + shalk.

der

(motor racing) An official responsible for signalling track conditions to drivers (through use of flags), extinguishing fires, removing damaged cars from the track, and sometimes providing emergency first aid.


undercut

From Middle English undercutten, equivalent to under- + cut.

(motor racing) A pit stop strategy in which a driver seeks to gain an advantage over someone by pitting before them and using fresh tyres to make up time.


undercut

en-verb

undercut (third-person singular simple present undercuts, present participle undercutting, simple past and past participle undercut)

undercuts (present singular third-person)
undercutting (participle present)
undercut (participle past)
undercut (past)

(motor racing) To employ the undercut strategy.


under wraps

(horse-racing) Of a horse: restrained from performing at its best in a race, so as to mislead others regarding its potential.


under the wire

Lying forward flattened along Sunfish's hard-muscled shoulders, Bud was gaining and gaining—one length, then two lengths as he shot under the wire, slowed and rode back to find a silent crowd watching him.

1921, B. M. Bower, chapter 15, in Cow-Country:


WRC

(motor racing) Initialism of World Rally Championship.


groove

From Middle English grov, grove, groof, grofe (“cave; pit; mining shaft”), from Old English grōf (“trench, furrow, something dug”), from Proto-West Germanic *grōbu, from Proto-Germanic *grōbō (“groove, furrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, bury”). Cognate with Dutch groef, groeve (“groove; pit, grave”), German Grube (“ditch, pit”), Norwegian grov (“brook, riverbed”), Serbo-Croatian grèbati (“scratch, dig”). Directly descended from Old English grafan (“to dig”). More at grave.

der

(motor racing) The optimal route around the track, or any of several such routes.


privateer

/ˌpɹaɪ.vəˈtɪə/

/ˌpɹaɪ.vəˈtɪɚ/

From private + -eer, probably after volunteer.

(motor racing, chiefly Canada, US) A private individual entrant into a race or competition who does not have the backing of a large, professional team.

yksityiskuski

motor racing: private individual entrant

(motor racing, elite championships) A racing team that is not a subsidiary of a large conglomerate, or automotive or vehicle manufacturer.


chicane

en-noun

chicane (countable and uncountable, plural chicanes)

On lap 23, Hamilton got a run on Leclerc into the second chicane after the two had overtaken Nico Hulkenberg's out-of-stop-sequence Renault down the main straight.

(motor racing) A sharp double bend on a racecourse, designed to prevent unsafe speeds; an obstacle creating a curve.

xicana

motor racing: double bend or obstacle designed to prevent unsafe speeds


intermediate

From a substantivization of the above adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-intermediate (adj, noun).wav

междинен продукт

any substance formed as part of a series of chemical reactions that is not the end-product

(motor racing) A kind of tyre with relatively light grooving, used for conditions between fully dry and fully wet.


Box

Box (genitive)
Boxen (plural)
Box (nominative singular)
Boxen (definite nominative plural)
Box (genitive singular)
Boxen (definite genitive plural)
Box (dative singular)
Boxen (dative definite plural)
Box (accusative singular)
Boxen (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from English box. Doublet of Büchse (“can”) and Buchse (“bushing, connector”).

doublet

(motor racing) pit (area for refueling and repairing)


Pilot

de-noun

Pilot m (weak, genitive Piloten, plural Piloten, feminine Pilotin)

Piloten (genitive)
Piloten (plural)
Pilotin (feminine)
Pilot (nominative singular)
Piloten (definite nominative plural)
Piloten (genitive singular)
Piloten (definite genitive plural)
Piloten (dative singular)
Piloten (dative definite plural)
Piloten (accusative singular)
Piloten (accusative definite plural)

→ Czech: pilot

→ Estonian: piloot

Ca. 1500, from Italian pilota, in part through Middle French pilote.

(motor racing, often media jargon) driver


Piste

Piste (genitive)
Pisten (plural)
Piste (nominative singular)
Pisten (definite nominative plural)
Piste (genitive singular)
Pisten (definite genitive plural)
Piste (dative singular)
Pisten (dative definite plural)
Piste (accusative singular)
Pisten (accusative definite plural)


napoleon

en-noun

napoleon (countable and uncountable, plural napoleons)

napoleons (plural)
Napoleon (alternative)

/nəˈpəʊlɪən/

Borrowed from French Napoléon (“given name, usually in reference to Napoleon Bonaparte”). In reference to coins, via French napoléon (“(slang) a coin that originally had the appearance of Napoleon's face in the obverse”). In reference to guns and possibly cards, in reference to Napoleon III.

bor

(rare UK horse racing slang, obsolete) Alternative form of nap: a horse to go nap on, a sure thing, a certain winner; a prediction of such a horse; a bet on such a horse.


DP

en-noun

DP (countable and uncountable, plural DPs)

(motor racing) Abbreviation of Daytona prototype.


EP

(motor racing) Abbreviation of electric prix; ePrix; from electric grand prix.


EP

(motor racing) abbreviation of électrique prix; ePrix; from grand prix électrique


CMS

Charlotte Motor Speedway
w:Charlotte Motor Speedway

(US, motor racing) Initialism of Charlotte Motor Speedway.


grenade

en-verb

grenade (third-person singular simple present grenades, present participle grenading, simple past and past participle grenaded)

grenades (present singular third-person)
grenading (participle present)
grenaded (participle past)
grenaded (past)

Borrowed from French grenade, from Old French grenate in the phrase pomme grenate (“pomegranate”), ultimately from Medieval Latin pomum (“apple”) + granatum (“having grains”). The -d developed in French under influence of Spanish granada. Doublet of garnet.

(motor racing, slang, intransitive) Of an engine: to be violently wrecked so that the internal components burst out.


stalker

→ Czech: stalker

→ Dutch: stalker

→ German: Stalker

→ Japanese: ストーカー

→ Korean: 스토커 (seutokeo)

→ Polish: stalker

desc

→ Russian: ста́лкер (stálker), сто́кер (stóker)

→ Thai: สตอล์กเกอร์

→ Thai: สตอล์กเกอร์

From Middle English stalkere, equivalent to stalk + -er.

If the class of the field is a stalker, I'm all in in terms of evaluating his chances.

2024, Jack Adler, Horse Racing: An Opinion: A New Way of Seeing the Sport of Kings:

(horse racing) A horse that tends to stay just behind the leaders in a race.


ROC

Translingual: ROC

(motor racing) Abbreviation of Race of Champions.


sector

sector
sector (Star Trek)
sector (instrument)

(motor racing) A fixed, continuous section of the track, such that sectors do not overlap but all sectors make up the whole track.


bus stop

bus stops (plural)
busstop (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bus stop.wav

bus stop chicane
bus stop chicane#English

(motor racing) Ellipsis of bus stop chicane.


steamer

From steam + -er. The steamer duck or steamer (sense 6.2) is apparently named for its resemblance to a paddle steamer when swimming rapidly.

(horse racing) A racehorse the odds of which are becoming shorter (that is, decreasing) because bettors are backing it.


CIS

Clark International Speedway
w:Clark International Speedway

(Philippines, motor racing) Initialism of Clark International Speedway.


cadence

en-noun

cadence (countable and uncountable, plural cadences)

Borrowed from Middle French cadence, from Old Italian cadenza (“conclusion of a phrase of music”), from Latin *cadentia (literally “a falling”), form of cadēns, the present participle of cadō (“I fall, I cease”). The Latin verb is inherited, via Proto-Italic *kadō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱad-e- (“to fall”, thematic present). Doublet of cadenza and chance.

závěr

(music) chord progression concluding a section or piece

(horseracing) The number of strides per second of a racehorse, measured when the same foot/hoof strikes the ground


meatball

→ Japanese: ミートボール

→ Korean: 미트볼 (miteubol)

(motor racing) Ellipsis of meatball flag.


alphabet soup

en-noun

alphabet soup (countable and uncountable, plural alphabet soups)

(motor racing, slang) The series of preliminary races (denoted by letters) through which drivers must advance to the main event.


sticks

It was a maiden race over the "sticks," and the trainer's instructions were to slip off and make the running throughout.

1902, Outing: Sport, Adventure, Travel, Fiction, volume 40, page 469:

Do they prefer flat or 'over the sticks' (jump races)? Does the group know what the races with jumps are called?

2009, Anni Bowden, Nancy Lewthwaite, The Activity Year Book, page 124:

(horse racing) Hurdles or other obstacles to be jumped over.