A

From the Etruscan letter 𐌀 (a), from the Ancient Greek letter Α (A, “alpha”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃾.


abreuvoir

Borrowed from French abreuvoir (“a watering place”).

(obsolete, masonry) The joint or interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar.


bone

en-verb

bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)

bones (present singular third-person)
boning (participle present)
boned (participle past)
boned (past)

Borrowed from French bornoyer (“to look at with one eye, to sight”), from borgne (“one-eyed”).

bor

Joiners, &c., bone their work with two straight edges.

1846, W. M. Buchanan, A Technological Dictionary, page 151:

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

(carpentry, masonry, surveying) To sight along an object or set of objects to check whether they are level or in line.


PM

en-noun

PM (countable and uncountable, plural PMs)

PMs (plural)
P.M. (alternative)
p.m. (alternative)


OCR

OCR (countable and uncountable, plural OCRs)

(construction, uncountable) Initialism of one coat render.


point

en-verb

point (third-person singular simple present points, present participle pointing, simple past and past participle pointed)

points (present singular third-person)
pointing (participle present)
pointed (participle past)
pointed (past)
p'int (alternative)

From Middle English pointen, poynten, from Old French pointier, pointer, poynter, from point from Latin pūnctum.

(ambitransitive, masonry) To repair mortar.

(transitive, masonry) To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by introducing additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth surface.


point

→ Danish: point

→ Dutch: punt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: poeng

→ Persian: پوئن (pu'an)

→ Polish: pointa

→ Swedish: poäng

→ Turkish: puan

Inherited from Middle French poinct (with orthography modified to reflect the Latin etymology), from Old French point, from Latin punctum.


stock

en-noun

stock (countable and uncountable, plural stocks or (obsolete) stocken)

stocks (plural)
stocken (obsolete plural)

→ Dutch: stock

desctree

→ French: stock
→ Romanian: stoc
→ Turkish: stok

→ Italian: stock

→ Portuguese: estoque

→ Spanish: stock

From Middle English stok, from Old English stocc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”), with modern senses mostly referring either to the trunk from which the tree grows (figuratively, its origin and/or support/foundation), or to a piece of wood, stick, or rod. The senses of "supply" and "raw material" arose from a probable conflation with steck (“an item of goods, merchandise”) or the use of split tally sticks consisting of foil or counterfoil and stock to capture paid taxes, debts or exchanges. Doublet of chock.

stark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

(shipbuilding, in the plural) The frame or timbers on which a ship rests during construction.


AM

en-noun

AM (countable and uncountable, plural AMs)

AMs (plural)
A.M. (alternative)
A. M. (alternative)
A M (alternative)

The system, says Freeman is currently being used to assess exactly how AM powders pack and flow to ensure process efficiency and consistent product quality.

2015 September, Steven E. Kuehn, “I'm Printing Your Prescription Now, Ma'am”, in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Putnam Media, page 7:

additive manufacturing
additive manufacturing#English

(manufacturing) Initialism of additive manufacturing.


derecho

derechos (plural)
drecho (alternative obsolete regional)

→ English: derecho

→ Papiamentu: derecho, drechi

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin *dērēctus, from Latin dīrectus. Doublet of directo.

Las puntadas que se realizan no deben traspasar la tela y, por lo tanto, no debe verse por el derecho.

2014, Juliana Vaquero González, Planchado y arreglo de ropa en alojamientos, Ideaspropias Editorial, →ISBN, page 163:

The stitches made should not go through the fabric, and, therefore, should not be seen on the right side.

right (the outward or most finished surface, as of a coin, piece of cloth, a carpet, etc.)

(textiles) right side (The side of a fabric that is intended to face outward on a finished project)


but

pl-noun

but m inan or m animal (diminutive bucik or butek, augmentative bucior or bucisko)

but m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
bucik (diminutive)
butek (diminutive)
bucior (augmentative)
bucisko (augmentative)
but (nominative singular)
buty (nominative plural)
buta (genitive singular)
butów (genitive plural)
butowi (dative singular)
butom (dative plural)
but (accusative singular)
buta (accusative singular)
buty (accusative plural)
butem (instrumental singular)
butami (instrumental plural)
bucie (locative singular)
butach (locative plural)
bucie (singular vocative)
buty (plural vocative)
bot (alternative Middle Polish)
bót (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-der.
Proto-Germanic *bautaną
Frankish *bautander.?
Old French botebor.
Old Czech botbor.
Old Polish bot
Polish but
Inherited from Old Polish bot, which see for more on the change in the vowel.

etymon

(construction, sailing) keel block (wooden base on which the support that holds the ship's hull during rests for construction)


increase

en-noun

increase (countable and uncountable, plural increases)

increases (plural)
encrease (alternative)

From Middle English encresen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman encreistre, from Latin increscere (“to increase”), from in (“in, on”) + crescō (“grow”).
The noun is from Middle English encres, from the verb.

(knitting) The creation of one or more new stitches; see Increase (knitting).


Cyprus

cypres (alternative obsolete)
cypress (alternative)

From Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

Seated in an arm-chair, covered with cloth of gold, was the Queen; her robe was of black velvet, edged with the richest sable; and the diadem at the back of her head confined the folds of a long black Cyprus veil.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 131:

(historical, textiles) A thin, translucent, usually black fabric, a kind of crape.


standard

→ Catalan: estàndard

→ Danish: standard

→ French: standard

→ Italian: standard

→ Polish: standard

→ Spanish: estándar

→ Turkish: standart

From Middle English standard, from Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Frankish *standahard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”), equivalent to stand + -ard. Alternative etymology derives the second element from Frankish *oʀd (“point, spot, place”) (compare Old French ordé (“pointed”), Old English ord (“point, source, vanguard”), German Standort (“location, place, site, position, base”, literally “standing-point”)). Merged with Middle English standar, stander, standere (“flag, banner”, literally “stander”), equivalent to stand + -er. More at stand, hard, ord. As a hill-naming term possibly a calque from Cumbric; equivalent to Welsh lluman (“standard”), arising with confusion with the hill-naming element llumon (“chimney”).

cog

(shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.


accumulator

From Latin accumulātor, agent noun of accumulō (“pile up”), accumulate + -or.

(manufacturing) A vessel containing pressurized hot water ready for release as steam.

höyryakku

manufacturing: vessel containing pressurized hot water ready for release as steam


shuttle

→ Dutch: shuttle

→ Italian: shuttle

→ Japanese: シャトル (shatoru)

→ Korean: 셔틀 (syeoteul)

From a merger of two words:
* Middle English shutel, shotel, schetel, schettell, schyttyl, scutel (“bar; bolt”), from Old English sċyttel, sċutel (“bar; bolt”), equivalent to shut + -le
* Middle English shutel, schetil, shotil, shetel, schootyll, shutyll, schytle, scytyl (“missile; projectile; spear”), from Old English sċytel, sċutel (“dart, arrow”), from Proto-Germanic *skutilaz.
The name for a loom weaving instrument, recorded from 1338, is from a sense of being "shot" across the threads. The back-and-forth imagery inspired the extension to "passenger trains" in 1895, aircraft in 1942, and spacecraft in 1969, as well as older terms such as shuttlecock.

My dayes are ſwifter then a weauers ſhuttle, and are ſpent without hope.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 7:6:

Like shuttles through the loom, so swiftly glide
My feather'd hours, and all my hopes deride!.

1638, George Sandys, A Paraphrase upon Job:

By placing the sword edgewise, the weaver keeps the countershed open, in order to shoot through the shuttle.

2013 November 11, Claus-Dieter Brauns, “Food and Clothing”, in Mru: Hill People on the Border of Bangladesh, Basel: Birkhäuser, page 131:

(weaving) A tool used to carry the woof back and forth between the warp threads on a loom.


inc

Change to larger needles and knit 1 rnd in CC, inc 3 (4, 5) sts evenly[…]

2011, Barb Brown, Knitting Knee-Highs: Sock Styles from Classic to Contemporary, page 55:


small

en-adj

small (comparative smaller, superlative smallest)

smaller (comparative)
smallest (superlative)

From Middle English smal, from Old English smæl (“small, narrow, slender”), from Proto-Germanic *smalaz (“small”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal-, *(s)mel- (“small, mean, malicious”). Cognate with Scots smal; sma (“small”); West Frisian smel (“narrow”); Dutch smal (“narrow”); German schmal (“narrow, small”); Low German small (“narrow”); Danish, Norwegian, Swedish smal (“narrow; thin; slender”); Latin malus (“bad”); Russian ма́лый (mályj, “small”).

inh

better to light one small candle than to curse the darkness

I'll have a small coffee, thanks.

(especially clothing, food or drink) That is small (the manufactured size).


small

en-noun

small (countable and uncountable, plural smalls)

(uncountable, especially clothing, food or drink) One of several common sizes to which an item may be manufactured.

Two smalls and a large, please.

(countable, especially clothing, food or drink) An item labelled or denoted as being that size.


Italian

Italian (countable and uncountable, plural Italians)

From Middle English Italian, from Medieval Latin Italiānus, from Latin Italia (“Italy”).

(countable, textiles) Ellipsis of Italian cloth.


queen

queens (plural)
queene (alternative obsolete)
quene (alternative obsolete)
queyne (alternative obsolete)

Tok Pisin: kwin

desc

⇒ American Sign Language: G@Shoulder-PalmDown G@Abdomen-PalmDown

→ Burmese: ကွင်း (kwang:)

→ German: Queen

→ Japanese: クイーン (kuīn), クィーン (kwīn)

→ Korean: 퀸 (kwin)

→ Marshallese: kwiin

→ Maori: kuīni

→ Sikaiana: kuini

→ Spanish: cuina

→ Thai: ควีน (kwiin)

From Middle English quene, queen, cwen, from Old English cwēn (“queen”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s (“woman”).
Cognate with Scots queen, wheen (“queen”), Old Saxon quān ("wife"; > Middle Low German quene (“elderly woman”)), Dutch kween (“woman past child-bearing age”), Swedish kvinna (“woman”), Norwegian kvinne (“woman”), Danish kvinde (“woman”), Icelandic kvon (“wife”), Gothic 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns, “wife”), Norwegian dialectal kvån (“wife”). Related to and possibly merged with and/or absorbed some senses of English quean, from Middle English quene, from Old English cwene (“woman; female serf, quean”), see quean. Generally eclipsed non-native Middle English regina (“queen”), borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”) (see Modern English Regina). Doublet of quean and gyne.

gloss

"wife"; > Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">quene</i> (“elderly woman”)

cog

αδερφή f (aderfí, literally “Sister, From the same uterus”)

Truss framed with King Posts […] Do. with Kings and Queens.

(construction, obsolete) Ellipsis of queen post.


square

→ Welsh: sgwâr

From Middle English square, sqware, squyre; from Old French esquarre, esquerre, (modern French équerre), from Vulgar Latin *exquadra, from Latin ex- + quadro, from quadrus (compare English quad and quadra). Doublet of squad and squadra.
Displaced Old English fēowerecge (fēower nominative + ecg accusative, as in "four-edged").

(roofing) A unit used in measuring roof area equivalent to 100 square feet (9.29 m²) of roof area. The materials for roofing jobs are often billed by the square in the United States.


compass

From Middle English compas (“a circle, circuit, limit, form, a mathematical instrument”), from Old French compas, from Medieval Latin compassus (“a circle, a circuit”), from Latin com- (“together”) + passus (“a pace, step, later a pass, way, route”); see pass, pace.

der

(carpentry, architecture, shipbuilding) A curved circular form.


toe

en-noun

toe (countable and uncountable, plural toes)

heel

antonym(s) of “each of the five digits on the end of the foot”

From Middle English to, from Old English tā, (Mercian) tāhe, from Proto-West Germanic *taihā, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ, from *tīhwaną (“to show, announce”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show”).
See also Dutch teen, German Zehe, Danish tå, Swedish tå; also Old English teōn (“to accuse”), German zeihen (“to accuse, blame”); also Hittite [script needed] (tekkuššāi), Latin dīcere (“to say”), digitus (“finger”), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “to point out, show”), Sanskrit दिदेष्टि (dídeṣṭi), दिशति (diśáti).

cog

(carpentry) The long side of an angled cut.


toe

en-verb

toe (third-person singular simple present toes, present participle toeing, simple past and past participle toed)

toes (present singular third-person)
toeing (participle present)
toed (participle past)
toed (past)

The framers toed the irregular pieces into the sill.

(construction, transitive) To fasten (a piece) by driving a fastener at a near-45-degree angle through the side (of the piece) into the piece to which it is to be fastened.


adjunct

/ˈæd͡ʒ.ʌŋkt/

From Latin adiunctus, perfect passive participle of adiungō (“join to”), from ad + iungō (“join”). Doublet of adjoint.

(brewing) An unmalted grain or grain product that supplements the main mash ingredient.


mill

Ultimately from Latin millesimum. The clipping comes by way of the clipped word, millimetre.

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

For this task, I prefer the plastic sheeting that is 10 mills thick.

(engineering, manufacturing) Alternative form of mil (“one thousandth of an inch”).


sister

sister (third-person singular simple present sisters, present participle sistering, simple past and past participle sistered)

sisters (present singular third-person)
sistering (participle present)
sistered (participle past)
sistered (past)

PIE word
 *swésōr
From Middle English sister, suster, from Old English swustor, sweoster, sweostor (“sister, nun”); from Proto-Germanic *swestēr (“sister”), from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”).
Cognate with Scots sister, syster (“sister”), West Frisian sus, suster (“sister”), Dutch zuster (“sister”), German Schwester (“sister”), Norwegian Bokmål søster (“sister”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish syster (“sister”), Icelandic systir (“sister”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍂 (swistar, “sister”), Latin soror (“sister”), Russian сестра́ (sestrá, “sister”), Lithuanian sesuo (“sister”), Albanian vajzë (“girl, maiden”), Sanskrit स्वसृ (svásṛ, “sister”), Persian خواهر (xâhar, “sister”).
In standard English, the form with i is due to contamination with Old Norse systir (“sister”).
The plural sistren is from Middle English sistren, a variant plural of sister, suster (“sister”); compare brethren.

I’m trying to correct my sagging floor by sistering the joists.

(transitive, construction) To strengthen (a supporting beam) by fastening a second beam alongside it.

aufdoppeln

strengthen by fastening a second beam alongside


expression

en-noun

expression (countable and uncountable, plural expressions)

Borrowed from Middle French expression, from Late Latin expressiō, expressiōnem (“a pressing out”).
Morphologically express + -ion.

der

expression from a gland

Breast milk expression can be achieved by hand or with a pump.

However the mechanical expression of juice led to an improvement of the solutes extraction from mash.

(biology, manufacturing) The act of pressing or squeezing out.


not

not f (definite singular nota, indefinite plural noter, definite plural notene)

nota (definite singular)
noter (indefinite plural)
notene (definite plural)
nót (alternative)

(carpentry, mechanics) a groove (as used in a tongue and groove joint)


chain

From Middle English cheyne, chaine, from Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to braid, twist; hut, shed”). Doublet of catena. Displaced native Middle English rakil and rakent (from Old English racente (“chain”)); see rackan.

a chain is only as strong as its weakest link


sill

From Middle English sille, selle, sülle, from Old English syll, syl (“sill, threshold, foundation, base, basis”), from Proto-Germanic *sulī (“bar, sill”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel-, *swel- (“beam, board, frame, threshold”).
Cognate with Scots sil, sill (“balk, beam, floor, sill”), Dutch zulle (“sill”), Low German Sull, Sülle (“threshold, ramp, sill”), German Süll, Sülle (“threshold, sill”), Danish syld (“base of a framework building”), Swedish syll (“joist, cross-tie”), Norwegian syll, Icelandic syll, sylla (“sill”). Related also to German Schwelle ( > Danish svelle), Old Norse svill, Latin silva (“wood, forest”), Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē).

cog

(construction) A threshold; horizontal structural member of a building near ground level on a foundation or pilings, or lying on the ground, and bearing the upright portion of a frame; a sill plate.

llindar

horizontal member bearing the upright portion of a frame


rice

From Middle English ris, rys, from Old English hrīs (“branch; twig”), from Proto-Germanic *hrīsą (“bush; twig”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreys- (“to turn; bend; wind; move; shake”). Cognate with Scots reise, rice (“twigs; brushwood”), West Frisian riis, rys, Dutch rijs (“little branch; twig; osier; whip”), German Low German Ries, German Reis (“twig; sprig; shoot”), Swedish ris (“twigs; brush; rod”), Icelandic hrís.

cog

[…] taken unlawfully from the same house five "machines called 'Engine-Weaving Loomes' worth thirty pounds, and two ounces of silke worth five shillings, and two joynt-stooles worth three shillings, and a pair of 'Rices to wind silke on' worth four shillings […]

1892, John Cordy Jeaffreson, editor, Middlesex County Records, volume 4:

The hanks are placed upon light, collapsible hexagon reels termed rices, which are easily lifted out of their position for the reception of the hank.

1895, Richard Marsden, Cotton Weaving: Its Development, Principles, and Practice:

Swift (rice) Skein holder, hank holder.

1977, Marianne Straub, Hand weaving and cloth design:


egg

nb-noun-c

egg f or m (definite singular egga or eggen, indefinite plural egger, definite plural eggene)

egga (definite singular)
eggen (definite singular)
egger (indefinite plural)
eggene (definite plural)


lupus

la-noun

lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension

lupī (genitive)
lupa (feminine)
lupus (nominative singular)
lupī (nominative plural)
lupī (genitive singular)
lupōrum (genitive plural)
lupō (dative singular)
lupīs (dative plural)
lupum (accusative singular)
lupōs (accusative plural)
lupō (ablative singular)
lupīs (ablative plural)
lupe (singular vocative)
lupī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: lup, lupu

Istro-Romanian: lup

Megleno-Romanian: lup

Romanian: lup

Italo-Romance:

Italian: lopo (regional)

Neapolitan: lupo

desctree

Sicilian: lupu
→ Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup′, lupu
→ Maltese: lupu

Padanian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: låuv

Ligurian: lô

Lombard: lov, loff, lóff

Friulian: lôf

Romansch: luf

Venetan: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo
→ Italian: lovo

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: llop

Franco-Provençal: lop

Old French: leu (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: lop

Ibero-Romance:

Mirandese: lhobo

Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo
Galician: lobo
Portuguese: lobo

Asturian: llobu

Leonese: llobu

Mirandese: lhobo

Old Spanish: lobo
Ladino: lovo
Spanish: lobo (see there for further descendants)

Vulgar Latin: *lūpum
Aragonese: lupo
Corsican: lupu
Italian: lupo
→ Sardinian: lupu
Lombard: luv
Piedmontese: luv

Conlangs:

→ Esperanto: lupo

→ Interlingua: lupo

→ Volapük: lup

→ Catalan: lupus

→ English: Lupus, lupus

→ Finnish: lupus

→ French: lupus

→ Galician: lupus

→ Italian: lupus

→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo

→ Romanian: lupus

→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus

→ Translingual: Lupus; ⇒ Anarhichas lupus, Canis lupus

From Proto-Italic *lukʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), with a metathesis of *wĺ̥- to *lú-. The shift of *kʷ to /p/ can be explained as a borrowing from an Osco-Umbrian language, where the change is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna.
Cognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus; not cognate to Latin vulpēs (“fox”).

agnum lupō ēripere velle

to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf

(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:

a kind of hook used for hoisting objects


ag

en-noun

ag (countable and uncountable, plural ags)

The mix should include a good selection of large, medium, and small ag.

If the mix is too fluid, the ags can sink away from the surface.

(construction) Clipping of aggregate (“small rocks mixed into concrete”).


RS

With yarn in back, slip stitch knitwise on RS[…]

2011, Kristi Porter, Knitting Patterns For Dummies, page 41:


basin

Inherited from Old French bombasin, ultimately from Medieval Latin bombyx, bambax, from Ancient Greek πάμβαξ (pámbax, “cotton”).


bed

bed (countable and uncountable, plural beds)

→ Chichewa: bedi

→ Chuukese: pet

→ Esperanto: bedo

→ Japanese: ベッド (beddo)

African-American Vernacular, some speakers

Inherited from Middle English bed, bedde, from Old English bedd, from Proto-West Germanic *badi, from Proto-Germanic *badją (“resting-place, plot of ground”).
Cognates
Cognate with North Frisian baad, beed, Saterland Frisian Bääd, West Frisian bêd, Low German Bedd, Dutch bed, German Bett, Swedish bädd, Icelandic beður, all meaning “bed”.
further possible etymology and cognates
The Proto-Germanic term may in turn be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to dig”) with various theories explaining the development in meaning. If it is, the term is also cognate with Ancient Greek βοθυρος (bothuros, “pit”), Latin fossa (“ditch”), Latvian bedre (“hole”), Welsh bedd (“grave”), Breton bez (“grave”); and probably also Russian бодать (bodatʹ, “to butt, gore”).

bed

flat surface or layer on which something else is to be placed

the upper and lower beds

(heading) A horizontal layer or surface.

(masonry) The horizontal surface of a building stone.

(masonry) The lower surface of a brick, slate, or tile.

(masonry) A course of stone or brick in a wall.

A horizontal layer or surface.
A course of stone or brick in a wall.


MB

Row 1: K2, MB, k1, do not turn.

2011, Jane Davis, Knitting - The Complete Guide, page 145:


MC

en-noun

MC (countable and uncountable, plural MCs or MC's)

With MC, knit a row, purl a row.

2011, Kristi Porter, Knitting Patterns For Dummies, page 91:

(textiles) Initialism of matching colour.


QR

QR (countable and uncountable, plural QRs)

A QR code is a kind of two-dimensional barcode.

QR manufacturing fits with ECR logistics.

New insights into bee movements and life cycles have been uncovered after researchers tracked the insects using tiny QR codes glued onto their backs.

2025 January 28, Jack Guy, “Tiny QR codes help scientists track bee movements”, in CNN:

(marketing, retail, logistics, manufacturing) Initialism of quick response.

Initialism of quick response.
Ellipsis of QR code.


SL

SL (countable and uncountable, plural SLs)

Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker

2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits, page 49:


touch

touch (countable and uncountable, plural touches)

From Middle English touchen, tochen, from Old French tochier (“to touch”) (whence Modern French toucher; compare French doublet toquer (“to offend, bother, harass”)), from Vulgar Latin *tuccō (“to knock, strike, offend”), from Frankish *tukkōn (“to knock, strike, touch”), from Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull, lead”). Largely isplaced native Middle English rinen, from Old English hrīnan (whence Modern English rine). Doublet of tuck.
Cognates
Cognate with Old High German zochhōn, zuhhōn (“to grasp, take, seize, snatch”) (whence German zucken (“to jerk, flinch”)), German Low German tucken, tocken (“to fidget, twitch, pull up, entice, throb, knock, repeatedly tap”), Middle Dutch tocken, tucken (“to touch, entice”) (whence Dutch tokkelen (“to strum, pluck”)), Old English tucian, tūcian (“to disturb, mistreat”) (whence Modern English tuck). Compare also Old High German tokkōn, tockōn (“to abut, collide”). Outside Germanic, cognate to Albanian cek (“to touch”), Old Church Slavonic тъкнѫти (tŭknǫti). More at tuck, take.

der

Set off the exact Length forward and aftward from the Observation of the rising of the Keel, by Shipwrights called the Touch, or Place where the Keel's upper Part ends to be streight.

1711, William Sutherland, The Ship-Builder's Assistant:

(shipbuilding) The broadest part of a plank worked top and but, or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is, tapered from the middle to both ends); also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters.


beg

Knit with MC until work measures 3 inches from beg.

2005, DRG Dynamic Resource, Big Book of Knit Hats & Scarves for Everyone, House of White Birches, page 34:


bel

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بل (bel, “waist”).

bor+

El bel era muy estrecho i las mangas eran estrechas kantidad ke non les vinia la mania al braso.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 262:

The waist was very narrow and the sleeves were so tight that there was barely room for their bracelets.


draw

en-verb

draw (third-person singular simple present draws, present participle drawing, simple past drew, past participle drawn or (colloquial and nonstandard) drew)

draws (present singular third-person)
drawing (participle present)
drew (past)
drawn (participle past)
drew (colloquial nonstandard participle past)
draw (infinitive)
draw (first-person present singular)
drew (first-person past singular)
draw (present second-person singular)
drawest (archaic present second-person singular)
drew (past second-person singular)
drewest (archaic past second-person singular)
draws (present singular third-person)
draweth (archaic present singular third-person)
drew (past singular third-person)
draw (plural present)
drew (past plural)
draw (present subjunctive)
drew (past subjunctive)
draw (imperative present)
drawing (participle present)
drawn (participle past)

The verb is derived from Middle English drauen, drawen, draȝen, dragen (“to drag, pull; to draw (out); to attract; to entice, lure; to lead; to make a drawing; to move, travel; etc.”), from Old English dragan (“to drag, draw”), from Proto-West Germanic *dragan (“to carry; to haul”), from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to carry; to pull, draw”); further etymology uncertain, often said to be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw”), but possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate root which is also the source of Latin trahō (“to pull, draw; etc.”). Doublet of drag and draught.
The noun is derived from Middle English drau, draue (“action of shooting with a bow”), from drauen, drawen (verb).
cognates
* Albanian dredh (“to turn, spin”)
* Danish drage
* Dutch dragen
* German tragen (“to carry”)
* Old Armenian դառնամ (daṙnam, “to turn”)
* Sanskrit ध्रजस् (dhrájas, “gliding course or motion”)
* West Frisian drage

vyluhovávat

of drinks: to leave temporarily so as to allow the flavour to increase

изтеглям

cardgames: to take the top card of a deck into hand

every miller draws water to his own mill

one hair of a woman can draw more than a hundred pair of oxen

Senses relating to extracting or selecting.

(transitive, manufacturing, historical) To separate (a length of lace made by machine) into sections by removing the threads connecting the sections.


twit

[I]s't a cursed wab o' yarn / That winna work, for knots and twits, / Spun by some thoughtless drabby sluts, / Whase minds on naething else is carried, / But thinking when they will be married; […]

1819, James Thomson, “Verses Addressed to Mr John Wright, Tailor in Collington, on the Author’s Being Invited to the Wedding of Mr Joseph Thomson, Builder”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, new edition, Leith, Edinburgh: […] William Reid & Co. for the author, →OCLC, page 27:

(Northern England, Scotland, weaving, archaic) Clipping of twitter (“a knot or other defect in a thread or yarn which hinders spinning or weaving”).


foot

en-noun

foot (plural feet or (UK colloquial, unit of measure) foot)

feet (plural)
foot (plural)
foote (alternative obsolete)
feets (alternative dialectal)
foots (alternative nonstandard)

→ Assamese: ফুট (phut)

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">feet</i>

→ Japanese: フット (futto), フート (fūto); フィート (fīto) (from feet)

→ Russian: фут (fut)

Sranan Tongo: futu

Aukan: futu

Saramaccan: fútu

→ Swahili: futi

→ Thai: ฟุต (fút)

Tok Pisin: fut, put

→ Urdu: فٹ (fuṭ)

→ Phalura: fuṭ

From Middle English fot, fote, foot, from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Doublet of pes, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.

doublet

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

you cannot put the same shoe on every foot

(sewing) The part of a sewing machine which presses downward on the fabric, and may also serve to move it forward.


knee

en-noun

knee (plural knees or (obsolete or dialectal) kneen)

knees (plural)
kneen (dialectal obsolete plural)

From Middle English kne, from Old English cnēow, from Proto-West Germanic *kneu, from Proto-Germanic *knewą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵnéw-o-m, a thematic derivative of *ǵónu.
See also West Frisian knibbel, Low German Knee, Knie, Dutch knie, German Knie, Danish knæ, Norwegian kne, Swedish knä; also Hittite 𒄀𒉡 (genu), Latin genū, Tocharian A kanweṃ (dual), Tocharian B kenī, Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), γωνία (gōnía, “corner, angle”), Welsh glin (“knee”), Old Armenian ծունր (cunr), Avestan 𐬲𐬥𐬎𐬨 (žnum), Sanskrit जानु (jā́nu).
The obsolete plural kneen is from Middle English kneen, knen, kneon, kneuwene.

Deck beams were supported by hanging knees, triangular pieces of wood typically found underneath the timbers they are designed to support, but in this case found above them.

1980, Richard W. Unger, The Ship in the Medieval Economy 600-1600, page 41:

(shipbuilding) A piece of timber or metal formed with an angle somewhat in the shape of the human knee when bent.

polvi

shipbuilding: piece of timber or metal formed with an angle


mutt

mutt m (definite singular mutten, indefinite plural muttar, definite plural muttane)

mutten (definite singular)
muttar (indefinite plural)
muttane (definite plural)
mudd (alternative)

From Northern Sami muottá, genitive and accusative singular of muoddá.


kara

kara (nominative singular)
karat (nominative plural)
kara (accusative nominative singular)
karat (accusative nominative plural)
karan (accusative genitive singular)
karat (accusative genitive plural)
karan (genitive singular)
karojen (genitive plural)
karain (genitive plural rare)
karaa (partitive singular)
karoja (partitive plural)
karassa (inessive singular)
karoissa (inessive plural)
karasta (elative singular)
karoista (elative plural)
karaan (illative singular)
karoihin (illative plural)
karalla (adessive singular)
karoilla (adessive plural)
karalta (ablative singular)
karoilta (ablative plural)
karalle (allative singular)
karoille (allative plural)
karana (essive singular)
karoina (essive plural)
karaksi (singular translative)
karoiksi (plural translative)
karatta (abessive singular)
karoitta (abessive plural)
karoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
karani (nominative singular)
karani (nominative plural)
karani (accusative nominative singular)
karani (accusative nominative plural)
karani (accusative genitive singular)
karani (accusative genitive plural)
karani (genitive singular)
karojeni (genitive plural)
karaini (genitive plural rare)
karaani (partitive singular)
karojani (partitive plural)
karassani (inessive singular)
karoissani (inessive plural)
karastani (elative singular)
karoistani (elative plural)
karaani (illative singular)
karoihini (illative plural)
karallani (adessive singular)
karoillani (adessive plural)
karaltani (ablative singular)
karoiltani (ablative plural)
karalleni (allative singular)
karoilleni (allative plural)
karanani (essive singular)
karoinani (essive plural)
karakseni (singular translative)
karoikseni (plural translative)
karattani (abessive singular)
karoittani (abessive plural)
karoineni (comitative plural)
karasi (nominative singular)
karasi (nominative plural)
karasi (accusative nominative singular)
karasi (accusative nominative plural)
karasi (accusative genitive singular)
karasi (accusative genitive plural)
karasi (genitive singular)
karojesi (genitive plural)
karaisi (genitive plural rare)
karaasi (partitive singular)
karojasi (partitive plural)
karassasi (inessive singular)
karoissasi (inessive plural)
karastasi (elative singular)
karoistasi (elative plural)
karaasi (illative singular)
karoihisi (illative plural)
karallasi (adessive singular)
karoillasi (adessive plural)
karaltasi (ablative singular)
karoiltasi (ablative plural)
karallesi (allative singular)
karoillesi (allative plural)
karanasi (essive singular)
karoinasi (essive plural)
karaksesi (singular translative)
karoiksesi (plural translative)
karattasi (abessive singular)
karoittasi (abessive plural)
karoinesi (comitative plural)
karamme (nominative singular)
karamme (nominative plural)
karamme (accusative nominative singular)
karamme (accusative nominative plural)
karamme (accusative genitive singular)
karamme (accusative genitive plural)
karamme (genitive singular)
karojemme (genitive plural)
karaimme (genitive plural rare)
karaamme (partitive singular)
karojamme (partitive plural)
karassamme (inessive singular)
karoissamme (inessive plural)
karastamme (elative singular)
karoistamme (elative plural)
karaamme (illative singular)
karoihimme (illative plural)
karallamme (adessive singular)
karoillamme (adessive plural)
karaltamme (ablative singular)
karoiltamme (ablative plural)
karallemme (allative singular)
karoillemme (allative plural)
karanamme (essive singular)
karoinamme (essive plural)
karaksemme (singular translative)
karoiksemme (plural translative)
karattamme (abessive singular)
karoittamme (abessive plural)
karoinemme (comitative plural)
karanne (nominative singular)
karanne (nominative plural)
karanne (accusative nominative singular)
karanne (accusative nominative plural)
karanne (accusative genitive singular)
karanne (accusative genitive plural)
karanne (genitive singular)
karojenne (genitive plural)
karainne (genitive plural rare)
karaanne (partitive singular)
karojanne (partitive plural)
karassanne (inessive singular)
karoissanne (inessive plural)
karastanne (elative singular)
karoistanne (elative plural)
karaanne (illative singular)
karoihinne (illative plural)
karallanne (adessive singular)
karoillanne (adessive plural)
karaltanne (ablative singular)
karoiltanne (ablative plural)
karallenne (allative singular)
karoillenne (allative plural)
karananne (essive singular)
karoinanne (essive plural)
karaksenne (singular translative)
karoiksenne (plural translative)
karattanne (abessive singular)
karoittanne (abessive plural)
karoinenne (comitative plural)
karansa (nominative singular)
karansa (nominative plural)
karansa (accusative nominative singular)
karansa (accusative nominative plural)
karansa (accusative genitive singular)
karansa (accusative genitive plural)
karansa (genitive singular)
karojensa (genitive plural)
karainsa (genitive plural rare)
karaansa (partitive singular)
karojaan (partitive plural)
karojansa (partitive plural)
karassaan (inessive singular)
karassansa (inessive singular)
karoissaan (inessive plural)
karoissansa (inessive plural)
karastaan (elative singular)
karastansa (elative singular)
karoistaan (elative plural)
karoistansa (elative plural)
karaansa (illative singular)
karoihinsa (illative plural)
karallaan (adessive singular)
karallansa (adessive singular)
karoillaan (adessive plural)
karoillansa (adessive plural)
karaltaan (ablative singular)
karaltansa (ablative singular)
karoiltaan (ablative plural)
karoiltansa (ablative plural)
karalleen (allative singular)
karallensa (allative singular)
karoilleen (allative plural)
karoillensa (allative plural)
karanaan (essive singular)
karanansa (essive singular)
karoinaan (essive plural)
karoinansa (essive plural)
karakseen (singular translative)
karaksensa (singular translative)
karoikseen (plural translative)
karoiksensa (plural translative)
karattaan (abessive singular)
karattansa (abessive singular)
karoittaan (abessive plural)
karoittansa (abessive plural)
karoineen (comitative plural)
karoinensa (comitative plural)

pin, spindle, rod (machine part, often relatively long and narrow, used either as an axle or support)

(weaving) core of a pirn (in a weaving shuttle)

(manufacturing) core (portion of a mold that creates a cavity or impression within the part or that makes a hole in or through the part)


grafting

(carpentry) A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another.


remonta

(clothing) decorative patch that used to adorn male dressing pieces


heel

From Middle English hele, from Old English hēla, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄hilō, from Proto-Germanic *hanhilaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (“heel, hock”), equivalent to hock + -le. More at hock.
Compare North Frisian haiel, West Frisian hyl, Dutch hiel, German Low German Hiel, Danish and Norwegian hæl, Swedish häl.

couldn't pour water out of a boot with the instructions on the heel

(carpentry) The short side of an angled cut.


suka

pl-noun

suka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)

suczka (diminutive)
suczy (adjective)
suka (nominative singular)
suki (nominative plural)
suki (genitive singular)
suk (genitive plural)
suce (dative singular)
sukom (dative plural)
sukę (accusative singular)
suki (accusative plural)
suką (instrumental singular)
sukami (instrumental plural)
suce (locative singular)
sukach (locative plural)
suko (singular vocative)
suki (plural vocative)

→ Vilamovian: su̇ka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka. Sense 3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).

(Przemyśl, weaving) particular component of a weaving workshop


pin

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: pins

→ Polish: pin

→ Spanish: pin

→ Swahili: pini

→ Swedish: pin, pins

From Middle English pinne, from Old English pinn (“pin, peg, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint- (“protruding point, peak, peg, pin, nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“protruding object, pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related to pen (“enclosure”).
Cognate with Dutch pin (“peg, pin”), Low German pin, pinne (“pin, point, nail, peg”), German Pinn, Pinne (“pin, tack, peg”), Bavarian Pfonzer, Pfunzer (“sharpened point”), Danish pind (“pin, pointed stick”), Norwegian pinn (“stick”), Swedish pinne (“peg, rod, stick”), Icelandic pinni (“pin”). More at pintle.
No relation to classical Latin pinna (“fin, flipper, wing-like appendage, wing, feather”), which was extended to mean "ridge, peak, point" (compare pinnacle), and often confused with Latin penna (“wing, feather”). More at feather and pen (Etymology 3).

cog

Our ground crew were lodged in the main station, but they came to the cottage for a party when operations for the night had been cancelled and we had a new ‘gong’ (decoration) to celebrate. On these occasions we always installed a pin of bitter.

1978, Hugh Verity, chapter 2, in We landed by moonlight, Manchester: Crécy Publishing, →ISBN, page 22=:

(UK, brewing) A size of brewery cask, equal to half a firkin, or eighth of a barrel.


festoon

(manufacturing) Two sets of rollers used to create a buffer of material on web handling equipment.


race

en-noun

race (countable and uncountable, plural races)

From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs ("a strong current"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.

gl

"a strong current"; whence German Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="nds-de">Raas</i> (“mad rush, rage, fury”)

I have lately seen a shuttle machine of Messrs. Grover Baker's construction, in which the shuttle worked in a semi-circular race and produced two stitches at each revolution of the wheel.

1860, Charles Cole, The Sewing Machine, and its Capabilities, page 53:

Meanwhile another lug on the shuttle-band engages another carrier at the other end of the loom, and the belt, continuing to move in the same direction, conveys the carrier across the race in a similar manner as above described.

1872 November 29, “Improved Loom for Weaving Fabrics of Any Width”, in The English Mechanic and Word of Science, volume 16, number 401, page 259:

A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:

(sewing, weaving) A groove on a sewing machine or a loom along which the shuttle moves.


race

en-verb

race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)

races (present singular third-person)
racing (participle present)
raced (participle past)
raced (past)
race (infinitive)
race (first-person present singular)
raced (first-person past singular)
race (present second-person singular)
racest (archaic present second-person singular)
raced (past second-person singular)
racedst (archaic past second-person singular)
races (present singular third-person)
raceth (archaic present singular third-person)
raced (past singular third-person)
race (plural present)
raced (past plural)
race (present subjunctive)
raced (past subjunctive)
race (imperative present)
racing (participle present)
raced (participle past)

A variant of raze.
From Middle English rasen, racen, rase (“to scrape; to shave; to erase; to rend; to cleave; etc”), from Anglo-Norman raser, rasere, rasser, Middle French raser, and Old French raser (“to shave; to demolish”), from Vulgar Latin *raso (“to shave; to scrape”), from Latin rāsus (“scraped; shaved”), the perfect passive participle of rādō (“to scrape, scratch”). Doublet of rash (etymology 2 and etymology 7).

ranch

to cut, scratch, or tear, especially deeply

rash

to hack, slash, or slice (something); to scrape or scratch (something)

(obsolete) To physically destroy; to obliterate:

(clothing, footwear) To make a cut or slash in (an item of clothing or footwear) as a decoration.


ribbon

en-noun

ribbon (countable and uncountable, plural ribbons)

ribbons (plural)
ribband (alternative)
reebon (alternative obsolete)

→ Japanese: リボン (ribon)

→ Korean: 리본 (ribon)

From Middle English riban, ryban, ryband, from Old French riban, ruban ( > modern French ruban), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic compound whose second element is cognate with English band. Compare Middle Dutch ringhband (“necklace”, literally “ring-band”).

cog

(shipbuilding) Alternative form of ribband.


bent

From Middle English bent-, preterite stem (as in bente, benten, etc.), and Middle English bent, ibent, ybent, past participle forms of Middle English benden (“to bend”). Equivalent to bend + -t.

(carpentry) A transverse frame of a framed structure; a subunit of framing.

Such a subunit as a component of a barn's framing, joined to other bents by girts and summer beams.

Such a subunit as a reinforcement to, or integral part of, a bridge's framing.


bet

insert right-hand needle bet 2 sts just knitted

1998, Kristin Nicholas, Knitting the New Classics, page 63:


fell

en-verb

fell (third-person singular simple present fells, present participle felling, simple past and past participle felled)

fells (present singular third-person)
felling (participle present)
felled (participle past)
felled (past)

From Middle English fellen, from Old English fellan, fiellan (“to cause to fall, strike down, fell, cut down, throw down, defeat, destroy, kill, tumble, cause to stumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”), causative of Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-.
Cognate with Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”), German fällen (“to fell”), Danish fælde (“to fell”), Norwegian felle (“to fell”).

inh

To fell seam allowances, catch the lining underneath before emerging 1/4" (6mm) ahead, and 1/8" (3mm) to 1/4" (6mm) into the seam allowance.

2006, Colette Wolff, The Art of Manipulating Fabric, page 296:

(sewing) To stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat.

päärmätä

sewing: to stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat


fell

(textiles) The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft.


fit

is-noun

fit f (genitive singular fitjar, nominative plural fitjar)

fitjar (genitive singular)
fitjar (nominative plural)
fit (indefinite nominative singular)
fitin (definite nominative singular)
fitjar (indefinite nominative plural)
fitjarnar (definite nominative plural)
fit (accusative indefinite singular)
fitina (accusative definite singular)
fitjar (accusative indefinite plural)
fitjarnar (accusative definite plural)
fit (dative indefinite singular)
fitinni (dative definite singular)
fitjum (dative indefinite plural)
fitjunum (dative definite plural)
fitjar (genitive indefinite singular)
fitjarinnar (definite genitive singular)
fitja (genitive indefinite plural)
fitjanna (definite genitive plural)


fly

From Middle English flye (“flying, flight”), from Old English flyge (“flying, flight”), from Proto-Germanic *flugiz.

дюкян

strip that hides the opening of trousers/pants or underpants

(weaving) A shuttle driven through the shed by a blow or jerk.


dart

From Middle English dart, from Old French dart, dard (“dart”), from Medieval Latin dardus, from Frankish *darōþu (“dart, spear”), from Proto-Germanic *darōþuz (“dart, spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”).
Compare Old High German tart (“javelin, dart”), Old English daroþ, dearod (“javelin, spear, dart”), Swedish dart (“dart, dagger”), Icelandic darraður, darr, dör (“dart, spear”).

der

Somehow she managed, with a cinched waist here and a few darts there, to look like a Hollywood star.

(sewing) A fold that is stitched on a garment.


bull

From a clipped form of French bulldozer, from American English bulldozer.


rod

en-verb

rod (third-person singular simple present rods, present participle rodding, simple past and past participle rodded)

rods (present singular third-person)
rodding (participle present)
rodded (participle past)
rodded (past)

From Middle English rodde, from Old English *rodd or *rodde (attested in dative plural roddum (“rod, pole”)), of uncertain origin, but probably from Proto-Germanic *rudd- (“stick, club”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewdʰ- (“to clear land”). Compare Old Norse rudda (“club”). For the root, compare English rid. Presumably unrelated to Proto-Germanic *rōdō (“rod, pole”).

der

(construction) To reinforce concrete with metal rods.


rake

The origin of the verb is uncertain. The noun is probably derived from the verb.
possibly related terms
* German ragen (“to rise up out of; to jut or stick out”), from Middle High German ragen (compare Middle Dutch rāgen, Middle Low German rāgen), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erǵʰ- (“to go up, rise”); and
* Middle Dutch rāken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German rāken, rōken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), from Proto-Germanic *rakōną (“to take a course or direction; to run”) (see further at etymology 4).

ref

From “Grinding and Setting Lathe and Planer Cutting Tools”, in Canadian Machinery and Manufacturing News, volume XVIII, number 1, Toronto, Ont.: MacLean Publishing Company, 1917 July 5, →OCLC, page 21.

der

(roofing) The sloped edge of a roof at or adjacent to the first or last rafter.


cable

Recorded since c.1205 as Middle English cable, from Old Northern French cable, from Late Latin capulum (“lasso, rope, halter”), from Latin capiō (“to take, seize”). Use of the term "cable" to refer to the USD/GBP exchange rate originated in the mid-19th century, when the exchange rate began to be transmitted across the Atlantic by a submarine communications cable.

կաբելային

communications system with coaxial or fiber optic

(knitting) A textural pattern achieved by passing groups of stitches over one another.


cable

en-verb

cable (third-person singular simple present cables, present participle cabling, simple past and past participle cabled)

cables (present singular third-person)
cabling (participle present)
cabled (participle past)
cabled (past)

You've been cabling, twisting, popcorning and bobbling. See, we told you that they weren't so hard.

2008, Leisure Arts, I Can't Believe I'm Knitting Cables, page 9:


shirt

→ Fiji Hindi: sat

From Middle English sherte, shurte, schirte, from Old English sċyrte (“a short garment; skirt; kirtle”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurtijā, from Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ (“a short garment, skirt, apron”), from *skurtaz (“short”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Schoarte (“apron”), Dutch schort (“apron”), German Schürze (“apron”), Danish skjorte (“shirt”), Norwegian skjorte (“shirt”), Swedish skjorta (“shirt”), Faroese skjúrta (“shirt”), Icelandic skyrta (“shirt”).
Doublet of skirt via Old Norse; further related to short.

inh

It can take a while to learn how to iron a shirt properly.

She had her shertes & gyrdyls of heere.

1509, John Fisher, A Mornynge Remembraunce […] :

Several persons in December had nothing over their shoulders but their shirts.

1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

Holt was furious referee Michael Oliver refused to then award him a penalty after Ledley King appeared to pull his shirt and his anger was compounded when Spurs immediately levelled.

2012 April 9, Mandeep Sanghera, “Tottenham 1 - 2 Norwich”, in BBC Sport:

(clothing) An article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.

เสื้อเชิ้ต

sʉ̂ʉa-chə́ət


boot

Solombala English: бучь (bučʹ)

→ Maltese: buz

→ Russian: бутса (butsa)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́це

Latin script: búce

→ Swahili: buti

From Middle English boote, bote (“shoe”), from Old French bote (“a high, thick shoe”). Of obscure origin, but probably related to Old French bot (“club-foot”), bot (“fat, short, blunt”), from Old Frankish *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz, *butaz (“cut off, short, numb, blunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewt-, *bʰewd- (“to strike, push, shock”); if so, a doublet of butt. Compare Old Norse butt (“stump”), Low German butt (“blunt, plump”), Old English bytt (“small piece of land”), buttuc (“end”). More at buttock and debut.

cog

a lie can run around the world before the truth can get its boots on

(construction) A flexible cover of rubber or plastic, which may be preformed to a particular shape and used to protect a shaft, lever, switch, or opening from dust, dirt, moisture, etc.

huls

construction: flexible cover to protect a shaft, lever, switch etc.


card

en-noun

card (countable and uncountable, plural cards)

→ Bengali: কার্ড (karḍo)

→ Burmese: ကတ် (kat)

→ Chinese: 卡 (kǎ)

→ Gujarati: કાર્ડ (kārḍ)

→ Hausa: kati

→ Hindi: कार्ड (kārḍ)

→ Italian: card

→ Japanese: カード (kādo)

→ Korean: 카드 (kadeu)

→ Malay: kad

→ Pashto: کارډ (kārḍ)

Pitcairn-Norfolk: kaad

→ Sinhalese: කාඩ් (kāḍ)

→ Swahili: kadi

→ Tagalog: kard

→ Urdu: کارڈ (kārḍ)

From Middle English carde (“playing card”), from Old French carte, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “paper, papyrus”). Doublet of chart.

der

(weaving) A perforated pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of the Jacquard apparatus of a loom.


card

From Middle English carde, Old French carde, from Old Occitan carda, deverbal from cardar, from Late Latin *carito, from Latin carō (“to comb with a card”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).

(dated, textiles) A comb- or brush-like device or tool to raise the nap on a fabric.

(textiles) A hand-held tool formed similarly to a hairbrush but with bristles of wire or other rigid material. It is used principally with raw cotton, wool, hair, or other natural fibers to prepare these materials for spinning into yarn or thread on a spinning wheel, with a whorl or other hand-held spindle. The card serves to untangle, clean, remove debris from, and lay the fibers straight.

kaardplank

hand-held tool for preparing materials for spinning

(dated, textiles) A machine for disentangling the fibres of wool prior to spinning.

kaardrol

machine for disentagling the fibres of wool prior to spinning


card

en-verb

card (third-person singular simple present cards, present participle carding, simple past and past participle carded)

cards (present singular third-person)
carding (participle present)
carded (participle past)
carded (past)

From Middle English carden, from Old French carder, from carde (“cotton card”); see Etymology 2 for more.

"Isn't that true, Bertha? " asked the smith. "Yes, every word of it, my lad," said Mother Bertha, who was sitting near the hearth carding.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 252:

(textiles) To use a carding device to disentangle the fibres of wool prior to spinning.


weight

weight (third-person singular simple present weights, present participle weighting, simple past and past participle weighted)

weights (present singular third-person)
weighting (participle present)
weighted (participle past)
weighted (past)
waight (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th (abstract nominal suffix).
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

(transitive) To add weight to something; to make something heavier.

(transitive, dyeing) To load (fabrics) with barite, etc. to increase the weight.


simple

Inherited from Middle English symple, simple, from Old French and French simple, from Latin simplex (“simple”, literally “onefold”) (as opposed to duplex (“double”, literally “twofold”)), from semel (“the same”) + plicō (“I fold”). See same and fold. Compare single, singular, simultaneous, etc.
Partially displaced native English onefold.

der

(weaving) Part of the apparatus for raising the heddles of a drawloom.


button

→ German: Button

→ Hindi: बटन (baṭan)

→ Gujarati: બટન (baṭan)

→ Korean: 버튼 (beoteun)

→ Maori: pātene

→ Marathi: बटण (baṭaṇ)

→ Urdu: بَٹَن (baṭan)

From Middle English boton, botoun, from Old French boton (Modern French bouton), from Old French bouter, boter (“to push; thrust”), ultimately from a Germanic language. Doublet of Biden and beat. More at butt.

I liked the man for his own sake, and even had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me. I look upon notoriety with the same indifference as on the buttons on a man's shirt-front, or the crest on his note-paper.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Rather should it be said that these ladies wore dress of military style, since there was nothing uniform about their outfits, one being in powder-blue with silver buttons and a forage-cap, the other in tan with gold buttons and the dinkiest of red-peaked kepis.

1961, Xavier Herbert, Soldiers' Women, Netley, SA: Fontana Books, published 1978, page 88:

April fastened the buttons of her overcoat to keep out the wind.

(clothing) A knob or disc that is passed through a loop or (buttonhole), serving as a fastener.

knoop

knob or small disc serving as a fastener


coat

en-noun

coat (countable and uncountable, plural coats)

coats (plural)
cote (alternative obsolete)

Sranan Tongo: koto

→ Swahili: koti

(South Wales) Welsh: cot

(North Wales) Welsh: côt

From Middle English cote, coate, cotte, from Old French cote, cotte (“outer garment with sleeves”), from Latin cotta (“undercoat, tunic”), from Proto-Germanic *kuttô, *kuttǭ (“cowl, woolen cloth, coat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷewd-, *gud- (“woolen clothes”).
Cognate with Old High German kozza, kozzo (“woolen coat”) (German Kotze (“coarse woolen blanket; woolen cape”)), Middle Low German kot (“coat”), Middle Dutch cote (“coat”), Ancient Greek βεῦδος (beûdos, “woman's attire”).

cog

It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street. He wore shepherd's plaid trousers and the swallow-tail coat of the day, with a figured muslin cravat wound about his wide-spread collar.

1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., →OCLC, page 01:

Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days.[…]Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.

1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:

(countable, clothing) An outer garment covering the upper torso and arms.

pallto

(portata eksterdome, vintre aŭ ĝenerale en malvarma vetero) palto


overshot

/ˈəʊ.vəˌʃɒt/

/ˈoʊ.vɚˌʃɑt/

(weaving) A pattern resulting from a plainweave ground fabric and floats of supplemental weft, associated with coverlets in the colonial United States.


rang

→ Catalan: rang

→ German: Rang

→ Romanian: rang

→ Italian: rango

→ Piedmontese: rangh

→ Haitian Creole: ran

→ Russian: ранг (rang)

→ Sicilian: rangu, rannu

→ Spanish: rango

Inherited from Middle French ranc, from Old French renc, reng, ranc, rang, from Frankish *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle”). Cognate with Dutch ring, German Ring, English ring.


run

runs (plural)
rin (alternative dialectal)
ren (alternative dialectal)

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal part of a step”

rise

antonym(s) of “horizontal distance of a set of stairs”

From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen,
yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”) (compare also *rannijaną (“to make run”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”).
Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), Dutch rennen (“to run, race”), Alemannic German ränne (“to run”), German rennen (“to run, race”), rinnen (“to flow”), Danish rende (“to run”), Swedish ränna (“to run”), Swedish rinna (“to flow”), Icelandic renna (“to flow”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See random.

Various horizontal dimensions or surfaces

(construction) Horizontal dimension of a slope.


set

en-verb

set (third-person singular simple present sets, present participle setting, simple past set, past participle set or (dialectal) setten)

sets (present singular third-person)
setting (participle present)
set (past)
set (participle past)
setten (dialectal participle past)

desctree

→ Japanese: セット (setto)
→ Hokkien: siat-to͘h

From Middle English setten, from Old English settan, from Proto-West Germanic *sattjan, from Proto-Germanic *satjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sodéyeti, causative of *sed- (“to sit”).

set a beggar on horseback and he'll ride to the Devil

(masonry) To lower into place and fix solidly, as the blocks of cut stone in a structure.


set

From Middle English set, sette, from Old English set (“seat, place of residence, camp, settlement, entrenchment, stable, pen”), from Proto-West Germanic *set (“seat”), from Proto-Germanic *setą (“seat”).

inh

(piledriving) A piece placed temporarily upon the head of a pile when the latter cannot otherwise be reached by the weight, or hammer.

lyöntilevy

piledriving: piece placed temporarily upon the head of a pile


shed

en-verb

shed (third-person singular simple present sheds, present participle shedding, simple past and past participle shed or (nonstandard) shedded)

sheds (present singular third-person)
shedding (participle present)
shed (participle past)
shed (past)
shedded (nonstandard participle past)
shedded (nonstandard past)

From Middle English scheden, schede, from Old English scēadan, scādan (“to separate, divide, part, make a line of separation between; remove from association or companionship; distinguish, discriminate, decide, determine, appoint; shatter, shed; expound; decree; write down; differ”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþan, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþaną (compare West Frisian skiede, Dutch and German scheiden), from Proto-Indo-European *skeyt- (“to cut, part, divide, separate”), from *skey-.
See also Irish scian (“knife”), Lithuanian skėsti (“to spread”), ski̇́esti (“to separate”), Old Church Slavonic цѣдити (cěditi, “to filter, strain”), Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”), Old Armenian ցտեմ (cʻtem, “to scratch”), Sanskrit च्यति (cyáti, “he cuts off”)). Related to shoad, shit, sheath.

cog

(weaving) To divide, as the warp threads, so as to form a shed, or passageway, for the shuttle.


shed

sheds (plural)
shode (alternative)
shead (alternative)
shede (alternative)

From Middle English sched, schede, schad, from a combination of Old English scēada (“a parting of the hair, top of the head”) and Old English ġesċēad (“distinction, reason”).

der

(weaving) An area between upper and lower warp yarns through which the weft is woven.


shoot

en-verb

shoot (third-person singular simple present shoots, present participle shooting, simple past shot, past participle shot or (rare) shotten)

shoots (present singular third-person)
shooting (participle present)
shot (past)
shot (participle past)
shotten (participle past rare)
shoot (infinitive)
shoot (first-person present singular)
shot (first-person past singular)
shooted (archaic first-person past singular)
shoot (present second-person singular)
shootest (archaic present second-person singular)
shot (past second-person singular)
shooted (archaic past second-person singular)
shootedst (archaic past second-person singular)
shoots (present singular third-person)
shooteth (archaic present singular third-person)
shot (past singular third-person)
shooted (archaic past singular third-person)
shoot (plural present)
shot (past plural)
shooted (archaic past plural)
shoot (present subjunctive)
shot (past subjunctive)
shooted (archaic past subjunctive)
shoot (imperative present)
shooting (participle present)
shot (participle past)
shooted (archaic participle past)
shotten (archaic participle past)

→ Catalan: xut

→ Greek: σουτ (sout)

→ Hijazi Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ North Levantine Arabic: شوت (šūt)

→ Persian: شوت (šut)

desc

→ Portuguese: chuto, chute (Brazil), chutar

→ Romanian: șut

→ Vietnamese: sút

From Middle English shoten, from Old English scēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwd-e-ti, from *(s)kewd- (“to shoot, throw”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sjitte, Low German scheten, Dutch schieten, German schießen, Danish skyde, Norwegian Bokmål skyte, Norwegian Nynorsk skyta, Swedish skjuta; and also, through Indo-European, with Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Albanian hedh (“to throw, toss”), Persian چست (čost, “quick, active”), Lithuanian skudrùs.

(+ partitive object when injuring or genitive object when killing) ampua

when the looting starts, the shooting starts

two Pieces of Wood are Shot (that is Plained) or else they are Pared [...] with a Pairing-chissel

1677, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises: Or, The Doctrine of Handy-works:

(carpentry) To plane straight; to fit by planing.


shoot

Catalan: xut

Portuguese: chuto

(weaving) A weft thread shot through the shed by the shuttle; a pick.


split

→ Irish: spliota

Attested since about 1567, from Middle Dutch splitten (“to split”) and/or Middle Low German splitten (“to split”), both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *splittjan, an intensive form of Proto-West Germanic *splītan (“to split”), from Proto-Germanic *splītaną (whence Danish splitte, Low German splieten, German spleißen), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”).
Compare Middle English ysplett (“split”, past participle of splatten (“to split”)), Old English speld (“splinter”), Old High German spaltan (“to split”), Old Irish sliss (“splinter”), Lithuanian spaliai (“flax sheaves”), Czech půl (“half”), Old Church Slavonic рас-плитати (ras-plitati, “to cleave, split”).

cog

past participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">splatten</i> (“to split”)

let the door hit you where the good Lord split you

(construction) A tear resulting from tensile stresses.


stick

en-noun

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

When cutting the door parts, I cut all the copes first, then the sticks.

1997, Joseph Beals, “Building Interior Doors”, in Doors, Taunton Press, →ISBN, page 82:

An elongated piece of wood or similar material, typically put to some use, for example as a wand or baton.

(carpentry) The vertical member of a cope-and-stick joint.


stick

en-verb

stick (third-person singular simple present sticks, present participle sticking, simple past and past participle sticked)

sticks (present singular third-person)
sticking (participle present)
sticked (participle past)
sticked (past)

(carpentry) To cut a piece of wood to be the stick member of a cope-and-stick joint.


strike

strike (third-person singular simple present strikes, present participle striking, simple past struck or (non-standard) striked or (all obsolete) strook or stroke or strake, past participle struck or (see usage notes) stricken or (both obsolete) strucken or strook)

strikes (present singular third-person)
striking (participle present)
struck (past)
striked (nonstandard past)
strook (obsolete past)
stroke (obsolete past)
strake (obsolete past)
struck (obsolete participle past)
stricken (obsolete participle past)
strucken (obsolete participle past)
strook (obsolete participle past)

→ German: streiken

From Middle English stryken, from Old English strīcan, from Proto-West Germanic *strīkan, from Proto-Germanic *strīkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, rub, press”).
Cognate with Dutch strijken, German streichen, Danish stryge, Icelandic strýkja, strýkva.

der

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

(masonry) To cut off (a mortar joint, etc.) even with the face of the wall, or inward at a slight angle.

iskeä

masonry: to cut off even with the face of the wall

In the teache the subject is still further evaporated, till it is judged sufficiently boiled to be removed from the fire. This operation is usually called striking; (i.e.) lading the liquor, now exceedingly thick, into the cooler.

1793, Bryan Edwards, The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies, volume II, London: John Stockdale; republished in englarged and corrected edition, volume III, Philadelphia: James Humphreys, 1806, page 46:

(sugar-making, obsolete) To lade thickened sugar cane juice from a teache into a cooler.


string

en-noun

string (countable and uncountable, plural strings)

Tok Pisin: string

→ Dutch: string

→ Finnish: stringit

→ French: string

→ German: String

desc

מחרוז//מַחְרֹזֶת

→ Hebrew: מחרוז /מַחְרֹזֶת (makhrózet) (semantic loan)

→ Japanese: ストリング (sutoringu)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: streng (semantic loan)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: streng (semantic loan)

→ Polish: stringi

→ Portuguese: estrém; string

→ Swedish: string

From Middle English string, streng, strynge, from Old English strenġ, from Proto-West Germanic *strangi, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz (“string”), from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“rope, cord, strand; to tighten”).
Cognate with Scots string (“string”), Dutch streng (“cord, strand”), Low German strenge (“strand, cord, rope”), German Strang (“strand, cord, rope”), Danish streng (“string”), Swedish sträng (“string, cord, wire”), Icelandic strengur (“string”), Latvian stringt (“to be tight, wither”), Latin stringō (“I tighten”), Ancient Greek στραγγαλόομαι (strangalóomai, “to strangle”), from στραγγάλη (strangálē, “halter”), Ancient Greek στραγγός (strangós, “tied together, entangled, twisted”).

cog

στραγγαλόομαι

弦

any similar long, thin and flexible object

弓弦

ゆづる, yuzuru, ゆみづる, yumizuru, ゆんづる, yunzuru

(shipbuilding) An inside range of ceiling planks, corresponding to the sheer strake on the outside and bolted to it.


string

nl-noun

string m (plural strings, diminutive stringetje n)

strings (plural)
stringetje (diminutive neuter)


swing

en-verb

swing (third-person singular simple present swings, present participle swinging, simple past swung or (archaic or dialectal) swang, past participle swung or (archaic) swungen)

swings (present singular third-person)
swinging (participle present)
swung (past)
swang (archaic dialectal past)
swung (participle past)
swungen (archaic participle past)

From Middle English swyngen, from Old English swingan, from Proto-West Germanic *swingan, from Proto-Germanic *swinganą (compare Low German swingen, German schwingen, Dutch zwingen, Swedish svinga), from Proto-Indo-European *swenk-, *sweng- (compare Scottish Gaelic seang (“thin”)). Related to swink.

lyödä kierre

cricket: to make the ball move sideways in its trajectory

at church every time the doors swing open

(transitive, carpentry) To put (a door, gate, etc.) on hinges so that it can swing or turn.


tread

From Middle English tred, from treden (“to tread”).

The dog was waiting for him, her paws on the second tread, pere regardant with a happy lolling tongue.

1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 25:

(construction) A walking surface in a stairway on which the foot is placed.


cotton

en-noun

cotton (usually uncountable, plural cottons)

From Middle English cotoun, from Anglo-Norman cotun, Old French coton, from (Genoese) Old Italian cotone, from Arabic قُطُن (quṭun).

Now that she had rested and had fed from the luncheon tray Mrs. Broome had just removed, she had reverted to her normal gaiety. She looked cool in a grey tailored cotton dress with a terracotta scarf and shoes and her hair a black silk helmet.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 2, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(uncountable, textiles) Textiles made from the fiber harvested from a cotton plant, especially Gossypium.


comb

From Middle English comb, from Old English camb (“comb”), from Proto-West Germanic *kamb, from Proto-Germanic *kambaz (“comb”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth”), a doublet of cam. The verb is derived from the noun and displaced the older verb kemb.
Cognates
Compare Saterland Frisian Koum, Swedish/Dutch kam, Norwegian kam, German Kamm); also Tocharian B keme, Lithuanian žam̃bas (“sharp edge”), Old Church Slavonic зѫбъ (zǫbŭ), Albanian dhëmb, Ancient Greek γομφίος (gomphíos, “backtooth, molar”), Sanskrit जम्भ (jambha)).

cog

(weaving) A toothed wooden pick used to push the weft thread tightly against the previous pass of thread to create a tight weave.


brake

Late Middle English, from Middle Low German brake, Dutch braak, Old Dutch braeke; possibly related to sense 1.

(textiles) A tool used for breaking flax or hemp.

мъначка

tool for crushing and beating flax or hemp


clear

From Middle English clere, from Anglo-Norman cler, from Old French cler (Modern French clair), from Latin clarus. Displaced native Middle English schir (“clear, pure”) (from Old English scīr (“clear, bright”)), Middle English skere (“clear, sheer”) (from Old English scǣre and Old Norse skǣr (“sheer, clear, pure”)), Middle English smolt (“clear (of mind), serene”) (from Old English smolt (“peaceful, serene”)). Cognate with Danish klar, Dutch klaar, French clair, German klar, Italian chiaro, Norwegian klar, Portuguese claro, Romanian clar, Spanish claro, and Swedish klar.

a room ten feet square in the clear

(carpentry) Full extent; distance between extreme limits; especially; the distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies, or the space between walls.


cover

en-noun

cover (countable and uncountable, plural covers)

→ Hijazi Arabic: كَڤَر (kavar)

→ Portuguese: cover

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Old Latin com
Latin cum
Latin con-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Latin operiō
Latin cooperiō
Old French covrirbor.
Middle English coveren
English cover
From Middle English coveren, borrowed from Old French covrir, cueuvrir (modern French couvrir), from Late Latin coperire, from Latin cooperiō (“I cover completely”), from co- (intensive prefix) + operiō (“I close, cover”). Displaced native Middle English thecchen and bethecchen (“to cover”) (from Old English þeccan, beþeccan (“to cover”)), Middle English helen, (over)helen, (for)helen (“to cover, conceal”) (from Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”)), Middle English wrien, (be)wreon (“to cover”) (from Old English (be)wrēon (“to cover”)), Middle English hodren, hothren (“to cover up”) (from Low German hudren (“to cover up”)).
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the original sense of the verb and noun cover was “hide from view” as in its cognate covert. Except in the limited sense of “cover again”, the word recover is unrelated and is cognate with recuperate. Cognate with Spanish cubrir (“to cover”).

cog

throw nickels around like manhole covers

(construction) The distance between reinforcing steel and the exterior of concrete.


collar

ca-verb

collar (first-person singular present collo, first-person singular preterite collí, past participle collat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/

collar (canonical)
root stress: (canonical)
ɔ (canonical)
collo (first-person present singular)
collí (first-person preterite singular)
collat (participle past)
collar (infinitive)
collant (gerund)
collat (masculine participle past singular)
collada (feminine participle past singular)
collats (masculine participle past plural)
collades (feminine participle past plural)
collo (first-person indicative present singular)
colles (indicative present second-person singular)
colla (indicative present singular third-person)
collem (first-person indicative plural present)
colleu (indicative plural present second-person)
collen (indicative plural present third-person)
collava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
collaves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
collava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
collàvem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
collàveu (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
collaven (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
collaré (first-person future indicative singular)
collaràs (future indicative second-person singular)
collarà (future indicative singular third-person)
collarem (first-person future indicative plural)
collareu (future indicative plural second-person)
collaran (future indicative plural third-person)
collí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
collares (indicative preterite second-person singular)
collà (indicative preterite singular third-person)
collàrem (first-person indicative plural preterite)
collàreu (indicative plural preterite second-person)
collaren (indicative plural preterite third-person)
collaria (conditional first-person indicative singular)
collaries (conditional indicative second-person singular)
collaria (conditional indicative singular third-person)
collaríem (conditional first-person indicative plural)
collaríeu (conditional indicative plural second-person)
collarien (conditional indicative plural third-person)
colli (first-person present singular subjunctive)
collis (present second-person singular subjunctive)
colli (present singular subjunctive third-person)
collem (first-person plural present subjunctive)
colleu (plural present second-person subjunctive)
collin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
collés (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
collessis (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
collés (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
colléssim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
colléssiu (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
collessin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
colla (imperative second-person)
colli (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular)
collem (first-person imperative plural)
colleu (imperative plural second-person)
collin (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically)
no collis (imperative negative second-person)
no colli (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular)
no collem (first-person imperative negative plural)
no colleu (imperative negative plural second-person)
no collin (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically)

From the action of securing a yoke around the coll (“neck”) of an animal.

(textiles) to adjust a collador (“heddle”)


dry

en-adj

dry (comparative drier or dryer, superlative driest or dryest)

drier (comparative)
dryer (comparative)
driest (superlative)
dryest (superlative)
drie (alternative)

wet

antonym(s) of “abstinent from or banning alcohol”

wet

antonym(s) of “not using afterburners or water injection”

wet

of a scientist or lab: doing computation

Sranan Tongo: drei

[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯]

Adjective and noun from Middle English drye, dryge, drüȝe, from Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgī, *draugī, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz, *draugiz (“dry, hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). The verb derives from Middle English drien, from Old English drȳġan (“to dry”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”).
cognates and related terms
 Cognate with Scots dry, drey (“dry”), North Frisian drüg, driig, Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”), West Frisian droech (“dry”), Dutch droog (“dry”), Low German dröög (“dry”), German dröge (“dull”), Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”). Related also to German trocken (“dry”), West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”), Danish drøj (“tough”), Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”), Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”), Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”). See also drought, drain, dree.

cog

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

[A]lready the gate was blocked with a wall of squared stones laid dry, but very thick and very high, across the opening.

1937 September 21, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “The Gathering of the Clouds”, in The Hobbit: Or There and Back Again, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, published February 1966 (August 1967 printing), →OCLC, page 247:

(masonry) Built without or lacking mortar.


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.
(foot): Cockney rhyming slang, from "plates of meat" for "feet".

der

(construction) A horizontal framing member at the top or bottom of a group of vertical studs.


heart

en-verb

heart (third-person singular simple present hearts, present participle hearting, simple past and past participle hearted)

hearts (present singular third-person)
hearting (participle present)
hearted (participle past)
hearted (past)
hart (alternative obsolete)
harte (alternative obsolete)
hearte (alternative obsolete)

PIE word
 *ḱḗr
From Middle English herte, from Old English heorte (“heart”), from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô (“heart”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱérd (“heart”). Doublet of cardia; see also core.
Most of the modern figurative senses (such as passion or compassion, spirit, inmost feelings, especially love, affection, and courage) were present in Old English. However, the meaning “center” dates from the early 14th century.
The verb sense “to love” is from the 1977 I ❤ NY advertising campaign.

(transitive, masonry) To fill an interior with rubble, as a wall or a breakwater.


list

From Middle English lī̆st, lī̆ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista, all from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ (“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”).
Cognates
* Saterland Frisian Lieste (“margin, strip, list”)
*Dutch lijst (“picture frame, list”)
* German Low German Liest (“edging, border”)
* German Leiste (“strip, rail, ledge; (heraldry) bar”)
* Swedish lista (“list”)
* Icelandic lista listi (“list”)
* Italian lista (“list; strip”)
* Portuguese lista (“list”)
* Spanish lista (“list, roll; stripe”)
* Galician lista (“band, strip; list”)
* Finnish lista (“(informal) list; batten”).

cog

(carpentry) A narrow strip of wood, especially sapwood, cut from the edge of a board or plank.

(tin-plate manufacture) The first thin coating of tin; a wire-like rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated.


list

en-verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

lists (present singular third-person)
listing (participle present)
listed (participle past)
listed (past)

to list a board

(transitive, carpentry) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of.


narrow

narrow (third-person singular simple present narrows, present participle narrowing, simple past and past participle narrowed)

narrows (present singular third-person)
narrowing (participle present)
narrowed (participle past)
narrowed (past)
narrowe (alternative)

From Middle English narwen (“to narrow”); see there for more details, but ultimately derived from the noun.

(knitting) To contract the size of, as a stocking, by taking two stitches into one.


sword

swords (plural)
swerd (alternative obsolete)
sweard (alternative obsolete)
swoord (alternative obsolete)
swoorde (alternative obsolete)
sworde (alternative obsolete)

→ Japanese: ソード

→ Maori: hoari

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

from Old English sword, ancestral to most modern pronunciations

ord, corresponding to the spelling swerd, sweard

From Middle English sword, swerd, from Old English sweord (“sword”), from Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą (“sword”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂w- (“sharp”). Cognate with Scots swuird, swerd, sword (“sword”), North Frisian swird (“sword”), West Frisian swurd (“sword”), Dutch zwaard (“sword”), Low German Sweerd, Schwert (“sword”), German Schwert (“sword”), Danish sværd, Norwegian sverd, Swedish svärd (“sword”), Icelandic sverð (“sword”), Old East Slavic свьрдьлъ (svĭrdĭlŭ, “drill”).

cog

(weaving) One of the end bars by which the lay of a hand loom is suspended.


pull

en-verb

pull (third-person singular simple present pulls, present participle pulling, simple past and past participle pulled)

pulls (present singular third-person)
pulling (participle present)
pulled (participle past)
pulled (past)

push

antonym(s) of “apply force to (something) so it comes towards one”

-ʊl (accents with foot–goose merger or full–fool merger)

Verb from Middle English pullen, from Old English pullian (“to pull, draw, tug, pluck off”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to West Frisian pûlje (“to shell, husk”), Middle Dutch pullen (“to drink”), Middle Dutch polen (“to peel, strip”), Low German pulen (“to pick, pluck, pull, tear, strip off husks”), Icelandic púla (“to work hard, beat”).
Noun from Middle English pul, pull, pulle, from the verb pullen (“to pull”).

cog

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

It's the contractor's responsibility to pull the necessary permits before starting work.

(construction) To obtain (a permit) from a regulatory authority.


float

From Middle English flote, from Old English flota (“sailor, boat”), from Proto-West Germanic *flotō, from Proto-Germanic *flutô, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd-.

The appearance of a waffle fabric changes drastically with washing. Yarns differ, but most relax and twist and curl in the long floats when washed; the severe rectilinear design of the waffle cells in unwashed waffle weave fabric will soften dramatically.

1991, Carol Strickler, editor, A Weaver's Book of 8-Shaft Patterns, Interweave Press, →ISBN, pages 140-141:

(weaving) A weft thread that passes over two or more warp threads (or less commonly, warp over weft).

(knitting) A loose strand of yarn that passes behind one or more stitches when knitting with multiple yarns.


decrease

en-noun

decrease (countable and uncountable, plural decreases)

gain

antonym(s) of “amount by which a quantity decreases or is decreased”

From Middle English decresen, alteration of discresen, from Anglo-Norman, Old French descreistre (French: décroître), from Latin decrescere.

(knitting) A reduction in the number of stitches, usually accomplished by suspending the stitch to be decreased from another existing stitch or by knitting it together with another stitch. See Decrease (knitting).


klot

klȍt (canonical masculine)
кло̏т (Cyrillic)
klòta (alternative)


key

From Middle English keye, kaye, keiȝe, from Old English cǣġ (“key, solution, experiment”) (whence also Scots key and kay (“key”)), of uncertain origin. The only sure cognates are Saterland Frisian Koai (“key”), West Frisian kaai (“key”), and North Frisian kay (“key”). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *kēgaz, *kēguz (“stake, post, pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵogʰ-, *ǵegʰ-, *ǵegʰn- (“branch, stake, bush”), which would make it cognate with Middle Low German kāk (“whipping post, pillory”), and perhaps to Middle Dutch keige (“javelin, spear”) and Middle Low German keie, keige (“spear”). For the semantic development, note that medieval keys were simply long poles (ending in a hook) with which a crossbar obstructing a door from the inside could be removed from the outside, by lifting it through a hole in the door. Liberman has noted, however, "The original meaning of *kaig-jo- was presumably '*pin with a twisted end.' Words with the root *kai- followed by a consonant meaning 'crooked, bent; twisted' are common only in the North Germanic languages."

шпи́лка

object used to maintain the orientation between two others

Key in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

Before so many of Europe's crowns came tumbling off the heads of their royal owners, Continental Europe could show a rich variety in the matter of royal trains.

1945 September and October, C. Hamilton Ellis, “Royal Trains—V”, in Railway Magazine, page 250:

en:royal, imperial or princely headdress

(clothing, monarchy) A royal, imperial or princely headdress; a diadem.


handle

desctree

→ Japanese: ハンドル (handoru)
→ Hokkien: 捍多路 (hăn-tó͘-luh)
→ Sakizaya: handulu

From Middle English handel, handle, from Old English handle (“a handle”), from handlian (“to handle, feel, deal with, discuss”). See verb below. Cognate with Danish handel (“a handle”).

(textiles) The tactile qualities of a fabric, e.g., softness, firmness, elasticity, fineness, resilience, and other qualities perceived by touch.


m

Row 1 (RS): Kfb, knit to marker A, slip marker A, knit to marker B (there are no sts to knit between markers A and B in Row 1), m1, slip marker B, k1, slip marker B, m1, […]

2011, Kristi Porter, Knitting Patterns For Dummies, page 232:


p

Knit 3, p 1, k 2, purl 1, k 2, m 1, k 2 together, k 1.

1855, Godey's Magazine, volume 51, page 71:


t

0.7 mm t


stroke

en-verb

stroke (third-person singular simple present strokes, present participle stroking, simple past and past participle stroked)

strokes (present singular third-person)
stroking (participle present)
stroked (participle past)
stroked (past)
stroke (infinitive)
stroke (first-person present singular)
stroked (first-person past singular)
stroke (present second-person singular)
strokest (archaic present second-person singular)
stroked (past second-person singular)
strokedst (archaic past second-person singular)
strokes (present singular third-person)
stroketh (archaic present singular third-person)
stroked (past singular third-person)
stroke (plural present)
stroked (past plural)
stroke (present subjunctive)
stroked (past subjunctive)
stroke (imperative present)
stroking (participle present)
stroked (participle past)

The verb is derived from Middle English stroken, straken (“to caress, fondle, pat, rub, smooth, stroke; to pass something over (someone or something); to brush or rub against;”) [and other forms], from Old English strācian (“to stroke”), from Proto-West Germanic *straikōn (“to caress, stroke”), from *straik (“a line, stroke; a dash”) (see further at etymology 1) + *-ōn (suffix forming verbs from nouns).
The noun is derived from the verb.
Cognates
* German streicheln (“to stroke, fondle”)
* German Low German straken, strieken, strakeln, striekeln (“to stroke; caress; fondle”)
* Middle Low German strēken, Middle Dutch strēken (modern Dutch streeken)
* Old High German strīhhan, streihhōn, Middle High German strīchen (modern German streichen (“to stroke; to rub; to spread; to apply; to paint; to cancel; to cross out, strike out; to delete; to discard”))
* Saterland Frisian strookje (“to stroke; caress”)
* West Frisian streakje (“to stroke; caress”)

nb...

strok, stroke, (Northern England, Scotland) straike, strake, (Early Middle English) straca, stracien

cog

(masonry) To give a finely fluted surface to (stone) by carving it with a tool.


flash

en-verb

flash (third-person singular simple present flashes, present participle flashing, simple past and past participle flashed)

flashes (present singular third-person)
flashing (participle present)
flashed (participle past)
flashed (past)

In some senses, from Middle English flasshen, a variant of flasken, flaskien (“to sprinkle, splash”), which was likely of imitative origin; in other senses probably of North Germanic origin akin to Swedish dialectal flasa (“to burn brightly, blaze”), related to flare. Compare also Icelandic flasa (“to rush, go hastily”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

(transitive, glassmaking) To cover with a thin layer, as objects of glass with glass of a different colour.

(transitive, glassmaking) To expand (blown glass) into a disc.


perch

From Middle English perche, from Old French perche, from Latin pertica (“staff”, “long pole”, “measuring rod”).

der

(textiles) A frame used to examine cloth.


perch

en-verb

perch (third-person singular simple present perches, present participle perching, simple past and past participle perched)

perches (present singular third-person)
perching (participle present)
perched (participle past)
perched (past)

(transitive, intransitive, textiles) To inspect cloth using a perch.


seem

semes (plural)
ceem (alternative)
ceme (alternative)
sem (alternative)
seme (alternative)
seyme (alternative)

English: seam

Scots: seam

Inherited from Old English sēam (“seam”), from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz. The "nail" sense is a semantic loan from Old Norse saumr.


seam

seams (plural)
seme (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English seem, seme, from Old English sēam (“seam”), from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz (“that which is sewn”).

inh

Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.

(sewing) A folded-back and stitched piece of fabric; especially, the stitching that joins two or more pieces of fabric.

دَرْز

folded back and stitched piece of fabric

Seams can be made or sealed in a variety of ways, including adhesive bonding, hot-air welding, solvent welding, using adhesive tapes, sealant, etc.

(construction, nautical) A joint formed by mating two separate sections of materials.

сглобка

a joint formed by mating two separate sections of a material


waffle

The noun is borrowed from Dutch wafel (“waffle; wafer”), from Middle Dutch wafel, wafele, wavel, from Old Dutch *wāvila, from Proto-Germanic *wēbilǭ, *wēbilō, possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”) (whence Dutch weven (“to weave”) and English weave; compare, from the same verbal root, German Wabe (“honeycomb”), given that the grid pattern of the traditional Dutch lent and holiday pastry strikingly resembles a honeycomb), and possibly reinforced by German Waffel (“waffle; wafer”). The English word is a doublet of wafer and gauffre.
The verb (“to smash”) derives from the manner in which batter is pressed into the shape of a waffle between the two halves of a waffle iron.

der

Both joists and slab are cast in place to form a monolithic unit, integral with the supporting beams and columns. The joists form a characteristic waffle pattern on the underside. Structural design of joist construction: one-way or waffle flat slab […]

1970, Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute, Manual of Standard Practice:

The most widely used type of waffle construction is the waffle flat slab, in which solid portions around column supports are […] These beams may be produced as projections below the waffle, as shown […]

1993, Harry Parker, James Ambrose, Simplified Engineering for Architects and Builders:

In one-way (pan joist) and two-way (waffle) joist construction, a similar layout is usually adopted.

2008, Edward G. Nawy, Concrete Construction Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 9:

(construction, also attributively) A concrete slab used in flooring with a gridlike structure of ribs running at right angles to each other on its underside.

(textiles, chiefly attributively) A type of fabric woven with a honeycomb texture.


manga

Fala: manga

Galician: manga

Portuguese: manga

Inherited from Latin manica, from manus, from Proto-Italic *manus, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂-.

etymon

Et elle, quando esto oyu, empero que estaua muy mal ferido de morte, alynpou a cara cõna manga da loriga, et tomou a espada cõ ãbaslas mãos, coydandolle dar per çima da cabeça, et errouo et deulle hũu grã golpe eno caualo, atã grãde que lle cortou os narizes mesturado cõnas redeas.

1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 399:

(clothing) sleeve (part of a garment that covers the arm)


yon

Buttonhole row: (K1, p1) 3 times, yon, k2tog, (k1,p1) 5 times, yon, k2tog, […]

2006, Heather Dixon, Not Your Mama's Knitting, page 222:


suit

desc

→ Kashubian: sut (Canada, United States)

→ Swahili: suti

From Middle English sute, borrowed from Anglo-Norman suite and Old French sieute, siute (modern suite), originally a participle adjective from Vulgar Latin *sequita (for secūta), from Latin sequi (“to follow”), because the component garments "follow each other", i.e. are worn together. See also the doublet suite. Cognate with Italian seguire and Spanish seguir. Related to sue and segue.

A canister of flour from the kitchen had been thrown at the looking-glass and lay like trampled snow over the remains of a decent blue suit with the lining ripped out which lay on top of the ruin of a plastic wardrobe.

1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Think of banking today and the image is of grey-suited men in towering skyscrapers. Its future, however, is being shaped in converted warehouses and funky offices in San Francisco, New York and London, where bright young things in jeans and T-shirts huddle around laptops, sipping lattes or munching on free food.

2013 August 3, “Revenge of the nerds”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

Nick hired a navy-blue suit for the wedding.

(clothing) A set of clothes to be worn together, now especially a man's matching jacket and trousers (also business suit or lounge suit), or a similar outfit for a woman.