nälkäinen haamu

nälkäinen haamu (nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamut (nominative plural)
nälkäinen haamu (accusative nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamut (accusative nominative plural)
nälkäisen haamun (accusative genitive singular)
nälkäiset haamut (accusative genitive plural)
nälkäisen haamun (genitive singular)
nälkäisten haamujen (genitive plural)
nälkäisien haamujen (genitive plural)
nälkäistä haamua (partitive singular)
nälkäisiä haamuja (partitive plural)
nälkäisessä haamussa (inessive singular)
nälkäisissä haamuissa (inessive plural)
nälkäisestä haamusta (elative singular)
nälkäisistä haamuista (elative plural)
nälkäiseen haamuun (illative singular)
nälkäisiin haamuihin (illative plural)
nälkäisellä haamulla (adessive singular)
nälkäisillä haamuilla (adessive plural)
nälkäiseltä haamulta (ablative singular)
nälkäisiltä haamuilta (ablative plural)
nälkäiselle haamulle (allative singular)
nälkäisille haamuille (allative plural)
nälkäisenä haamuna (essive singular)
nälkäisinä haamuina (essive plural)
nälkäiseksi haamuksi (singular translative)
nälkäisiksi haamuiksi (plural translative)
nälkäisettä haamutta (abessive singular)
nälkäisittä haamuitta (abessive plural)
nälkäisin haamuin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
nälkäinen haamuni (nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamuni (nominative plural)
nälkäinen haamuni (accusative nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamuni (accusative nominative plural)
nälkäisen haamuni (accusative genitive singular)
nälkäiset haamuni (accusative genitive plural)
nälkäisen haamuni (genitive singular)
nälkäisten haamujeni (genitive plural)
nälkäisien haamujeni (genitive plural)
nälkäistä haamuani (partitive singular)
nälkäisiä haamujani (partitive plural)
nälkäisessä haamussani (inessive singular)
nälkäisissä haamuissani (inessive plural)
nälkäisestä haamustani (elative singular)
nälkäisistä haamuistani (elative plural)
nälkäiseen haamuuni (illative singular)
nälkäisiin haamuihini (illative plural)
nälkäisellä haamullani (adessive singular)
nälkäisillä haamuillani (adessive plural)
nälkäiseltä haamultani (ablative singular)
nälkäisiltä haamuiltani (ablative plural)
nälkäiselle haamulleni (allative singular)
nälkäisille haamuilleni (allative plural)
nälkäisenä haamunani (essive singular)
nälkäisinä haamuinani (essive plural)
nälkäiseksi haamukseni (singular translative)
nälkäisiksi haamuikseni (plural translative)
nälkäisettä haamuttani (abessive singular)
nälkäisittä haamuittani (abessive plural)
nälkäisine haamuineni (comitative plural)
nälkäinen haamusi (nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamusi (nominative plural)
nälkäinen haamusi (accusative nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamusi (accusative nominative plural)
nälkäisen haamusi (accusative genitive singular)
nälkäiset haamusi (accusative genitive plural)
nälkäisen haamusi (genitive singular)
nälkäisten haamujesi (genitive plural)
nälkäisien haamujesi (genitive plural)
nälkäistä haamuasi (partitive singular)
nälkäisiä haamujasi (partitive plural)
nälkäisessä haamussasi (inessive singular)
nälkäisissä haamuissasi (inessive plural)
nälkäisestä haamustasi (elative singular)
nälkäisistä haamuistasi (elative plural)
nälkäiseen haamuusi (illative singular)
nälkäisiin haamuihisi (illative plural)
nälkäisellä haamullasi (adessive singular)
nälkäisillä haamuillasi (adessive plural)
nälkäiseltä haamultasi (ablative singular)
nälkäisiltä haamuiltasi (ablative plural)
nälkäiselle haamullesi (allative singular)
nälkäisille haamuillesi (allative plural)
nälkäisenä haamunasi (essive singular)
nälkäisinä haamuinasi (essive plural)
nälkäiseksi haamuksesi (singular translative)
nälkäisiksi haamuiksesi (plural translative)
nälkäisettä haamuttasi (abessive singular)
nälkäisittä haamuittasi (abessive plural)
nälkäisine haamuinesi (comitative plural)
nälkäinen haamumme (nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamumme (nominative plural)
nälkäinen haamumme (accusative nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamumme (accusative nominative plural)
nälkäisen haamumme (accusative genitive singular)
nälkäiset haamumme (accusative genitive plural)
nälkäisen haamumme (genitive singular)
nälkäisten haamujemme (genitive plural)
nälkäisien haamujemme (genitive plural)
nälkäistä haamuamme (partitive singular)
nälkäisiä haamujamme (partitive plural)
nälkäisessä haamussamme (inessive singular)
nälkäisissä haamuissamme (inessive plural)
nälkäisestä haamustamme (elative singular)
nälkäisistä haamuistamme (elative plural)
nälkäiseen haamuumme (illative singular)
nälkäisiin haamuihimme (illative plural)
nälkäisellä haamullamme (adessive singular)
nälkäisillä haamuillamme (adessive plural)
nälkäiseltä haamultamme (ablative singular)
nälkäisiltä haamuiltamme (ablative plural)
nälkäiselle haamullemme (allative singular)
nälkäisille haamuillemme (allative plural)
nälkäisenä haamunamme (essive singular)
nälkäisinä haamuinamme (essive plural)
nälkäiseksi haamuksemme (singular translative)
nälkäisiksi haamuiksemme (plural translative)
nälkäisettä haamuttamme (abessive singular)
nälkäisittä haamuittamme (abessive plural)
nälkäisine haamuinemme (comitative plural)
nälkäinen haamunne (nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamunne (nominative plural)
nälkäinen haamunne (accusative nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamunne (accusative nominative plural)
nälkäisen haamunne (accusative genitive singular)
nälkäiset haamunne (accusative genitive plural)
nälkäisen haamunne (genitive singular)
nälkäisten haamujenne (genitive plural)
nälkäisien haamujenne (genitive plural)
nälkäistä haamuanne (partitive singular)
nälkäisiä haamujanne (partitive plural)
nälkäisessä haamussanne (inessive singular)
nälkäisissä haamuissanne (inessive plural)
nälkäisestä haamustanne (elative singular)
nälkäisistä haamuistanne (elative plural)
nälkäiseen haamuunne (illative singular)
nälkäisiin haamuihinne (illative plural)
nälkäisellä haamullanne (adessive singular)
nälkäisillä haamuillanne (adessive plural)
nälkäiseltä haamultanne (ablative singular)
nälkäisiltä haamuiltanne (ablative plural)
nälkäiselle haamullenne (allative singular)
nälkäisille haamuillenne (allative plural)
nälkäisenä haamunanne (essive singular)
nälkäisinä haamuinanne (essive plural)
nälkäiseksi haamuksenne (singular translative)
nälkäisiksi haamuiksenne (plural translative)
nälkäisettä haamuttanne (abessive singular)
nälkäisittä haamuittanne (abessive plural)
nälkäisine haamuinenne (comitative plural)
nälkäinen haamunsa (nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamunsa (nominative plural)
nälkäinen haamunsa (accusative nominative singular)
nälkäiset haamunsa (accusative nominative plural)
nälkäisen haamunsa (accusative genitive singular)
nälkäiset haamunsa (accusative genitive plural)
nälkäisen haamunsa (genitive singular)
nälkäisten haamujensa (genitive plural)
nälkäisien haamujensa (genitive plural)
nälkäistä haamuaan (partitive singular)
nälkäistä haamuansa (partitive singular)
nälkäisiä haamujaan (partitive plural)
nälkäisiä haamujansa (partitive plural)
nälkäisessä haamussaan (inessive singular)
nälkäisessä haamussansa (inessive singular)
nälkäisissä haamuissaan (inessive plural)
nälkäisissä haamuissansa (inessive plural)
nälkäisestä haamustaan (elative singular)
nälkäisestä haamustansa (elative singular)
nälkäisistä haamuistaan (elative plural)
nälkäisistä haamuistansa (elative plural)
nälkäiseen haamuunsa (illative singular)
nälkäisiin haamuihinsa (illative plural)
nälkäisellä haamullaan (adessive singular)
nälkäisellä haamullansa (adessive singular)
nälkäisillä haamuillaan (adessive plural)
nälkäisillä haamuillansa (adessive plural)
nälkäiseltä haamultaan (ablative singular)
nälkäiseltä haamultansa (ablative singular)
nälkäisiltä haamuiltaan (ablative plural)
nälkäisiltä haamuiltansa (ablative plural)
nälkäiselle haamulleen (allative singular)
nälkäiselle haamullensa (allative singular)
nälkäisille haamuilleen (allative plural)
nälkäisille haamuillensa (allative plural)
nälkäisenä haamunaan (essive singular)
nälkäisenä haamunansa (essive singular)
nälkäisinä haamuinaan (essive plural)
nälkäisinä haamuinansa (essive plural)
nälkäiseksi haamukseen (singular translative)
nälkäiseksi haamuksensa (singular translative)
nälkäisiksi haamuikseen (plural translative)
nälkäisiksi haamuiksensa (plural translative)
nälkäisettä haamuttaan (abessive singular)
nälkäisettä haamuttansa (abessive singular)
nälkäisittä haamuittaan (abessive plural)
nälkäisittä haamuittansa (abessive plural)
nälkäisine haamuineen (comitative plural)
nälkäisine haamuinensa (comitative plural)

(Buddhism) hungry ghost (type of supernatural being, condemned to desire more than it can consume)


tanha

The Buddhist concept of tanha, for example — roughly translated as “blind demandingness” — encapsulates many tenets of R.E.B.T. and points the way toward emotional equanimity: stop asking more of the universe than it can possibly deliver.

2009 May 10, “Enlightenment Therapy”, in New York Times:


悟り

悟り (canonical)
satori (romanization)
さとり (hiragana historical)

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 悟(さと)る (satoru).


十万億土

十万億土 (canonical)
jūman'okudo (romanization)


修羅場

ㄒㄧㄡ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄤˇ

ㄒㄧㄡ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄤˊ

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

(Buddhism) location of the fight between the asura and Śakra-led deva


修羅場

ja-noun

修(しゅ)羅(ら)場(じょう) • (shurajō) ^(←しゆらぢやう (syuradyau)?)

修羅場 (canonical)
shurajō (romanization)
syuradyau (romanization)
しゆらぢやう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 修羅(しゅら) (shura, alternative name of 阿(あ)修(しゅ)羅(ら) (ashura), "Asura") + 場(じょう) (jō, “place”).

ja-compound

(Buddhism) location of the fight between the (king of) Asuras and 帝釈天 (Teishakuten, “Śakra”)


ဗုဒ္ဓ

Borrowed from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha).


ဓမ္မ

From Pali dhamma, from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰármas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰérmos.


浄土

浄土 (canonical)
jōdo (romanization)
zyaudo (romanization)
じやうど (hiragana historical)

English: Jodo, jodo

(Buddhism) the pure land, the celestial realm of a buddha or bodhisattva

穢土

the impure world, this world, the mortal realm


釋迦牟尼

ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄡˊ ㄋㄧˊ

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ moʊ̯³⁵ ni³⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²¹ nei̯²¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ moʊ̯³⁵ ni³⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²¹ nei̯²¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ mɔ̃²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाक्यमुनि (Śākyamuni, “sage of the Śākyas”).


বুদ্ধ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit বুদ্ধ (buddha). Doublet of বুত (but).

lbor

bn:গৌতম বুদ্ধ

(Buddhism, historical) Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)


六道

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(Buddhism) the six realms of existence into which souls are reborn in the cycle of samsara


六道

六道 (canonical)
rikudō (romanization)
六道 (canonical)
rokudō (romanization)

じごくどう じごくどう#Japanese

(Buddhism) The six planes, realms, or domains of existence into which souls are reborn in the cycle of samsara:

餓鬼道 (がきどう, gakidō): life in starvation (one of the Buddhist hells)

ちくしょうどう ちくしょうどう#Japanese

畜生道 (ちくしょうどう, chikushōdō): life as a beast

にんげんどう にんげんどう#Japanese

人間道 (にんげんどう, ningendō) / 人道 (にんどう, nindō): life as a human

あしゅらどう あしゅらどう#Japanese

阿修羅道 (あしゅらどう, ashuradō): life as a demigod

てんじょう てんじょう#Japanese


Guanyin

zh-l

觀音／观音 (Guānyīn)

(religion, Buddhism) The bodhisattva of compassion, venerated by Buddhists in East and Southeast Asia; depicted variously as male or female.

Avalokiteśvara
Guanyin
Haiphong
Hanoi
Vietnam
Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts


摩耶

From Middle Chinese 摩耶 (MC ma yae), from Sanskrit माया (māyā́).

摩耶夫人

(Buddhism) Maya (mother of Gautama Buddha)


無形

無形 (canonical)
mugyō (romanization)
mugyau (romanization)
むぎやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 無形 /无形 (mju heng, literally “without shape”). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing.

(Buddhism): formlessness, bodylessness; something that is shapeless and invisible


無見

(Buddhism): The conviction or strong belief that everything in this world is completely null and void, with no substance.


悲願

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

(Buddhism) merciful wish (of a bodhisattva); cherished desire


魔道

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (魔道):
* → Japanese: 魔道(まどう) (madō)
* → Korean: 마도(魔道) (mado)
* → Vietnamese: ma đạo (魔道)

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/mɔː⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/mɔː⁵⁵ tou̯²²/


魔道

(Buddhism): One of the heavens, home of the devas; alternately, the underworld, the land of yomi


阿頼耶識

阿頼耶識 (canonical)
arayashiki (romanization)

Ultimately from Sanskrit आलयविज्ञान (ālaya-vijñāna, literally “dwelling-consciousness”), via Middle Chinese 阿賴耶識 (MC 'a lajH yae syik).

der

(Buddhism) storehouse consciousness, forming the base of all human existence


阿賴耶識

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (阿賴耶識):
* → Japanese: 阿頼耶(あらや)識(しき) (arayashiki)
* → Korean: 아뢰야식(阿賴耶識) (aroeyasik)
* → Vietnamese: A-lại-da thức (阿賴耶識)

ㄚ ㄌㄞˋ ㄧㄝˊ ㄕˊ

ㄚ ㄌㄞˋ ㄧㄝˊ ㄕˋ

/ˀä⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Borrowed from Sanskrit आलयविज्ञान (ālaya-vijñāna, literally “dwelling-consciousness”).

bor+

(Buddhism) storehouse consciousness, last of the Eight Consciousnesses, ultimate source of the consciousnesses


天冠

ja-noun

天(てん)冠(かん) • (tenkan) ^(←てんくわん (tenkwan)?)

天冠 (canonical)
tenkan (romanization)
tenkwan (romanization)
てんくわん (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) a kind of crown worn by Buddhas and Buddhist deities


darmo

eo-head

darmo (accusative singular darmon, plural darmoj, accusative plural darmojn)

darmon (accusative singular)
darmoj (plural)
darmojn (accusative plural)

From Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma, “that which upholds or supports”).


涅槃

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (涅槃):
* → Japanese: 涅(ね)槃(はん) (nehan)
* → Korean: 열반(涅槃) (yeolban)
* → Vietnamese: niết bàn (涅槃)

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²⁴/

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² pʰuan²⁴/

From Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”) or Pali nibbāna. Compare Thai นิพพาน (níp-paan).


涅槃

From Middle Chinese 涅槃 (MC net ban), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), or Pali nibbāna.

無罣礙故。無有恐怖。遠離一切顛倒夢想。究竟涅槃。

7th century, Prajñāpāramitā Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

Because there are no obstacles, there is no fear. Separating from everything, from all upside-down views and from attaining Nirvana, too.

Mu kege ko, mu ku u fu. Onri issai tendō musō, kukyō nehan...

(Buddhism) nirvana (enlightened experience)

(Buddhism) Short for 仏涅槃 (butsunehan): the death of the Sakyamuni Buddha

仏涅槃

(Buddhism) Short for 涅槃会 (Nehan-e): an annual Buddhist service held on Parinirvana Day


童子

(Buddhism, mythology) a boy retainer who follows his buddha, bodhisattva or wisdom king around

(Buddhism) a boy between 8 and 20 years of age who studies scriptures and runs errands in a temple without actually being a practicing monk


lamrim

(Buddhism) The stages in the path to Buddhist enlightenment.


悪霊

ja-noun

悪(あく)霊(りょう) • (akuryō) ^(←あくりやう (akuryau)?)

悪霊 (canonical)
akuryō (romanization)
akuryau (romanization)
あくりやう (hiragana historical)

[a̠kɯ̟ɾʲo̞ː]

悪霊退散！

(especially Buddhism, more common) evil spirit


喇嘛

/laː⁵⁵ maː²¹/

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mã⁵³/

/la³³⁻²³ ma³³/

/laː⁵⁵ maː²¹/

/la(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mã⁵³/

/la³³⁻²³ ma³³/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠯᠠᠮᠠ (lama), from Classical Mongolian ᠯᠠᠮᠠ (lam-a) and ᠪᠯᠠᠮᠠ (blam-a), from Classical Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma).


喇嘛

喇嘛 (canonical)
喇嘛 (canonical)
rama (romanization)


醍醐

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (醍醐):
* → Japanese: 醍(だい)醐(ご) (daigo)
* → Korean: 제호(醍醐) (jeho)
* → Vietnamese: đề hồ (醍醐)

/tʰɐi̯²¹ wuː²¹/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ wuː²¹/

(literary, figurative, Buddhism) the essence of Buddhism


醍醐

From Middle Chinese 醍醐 (MC dej hu), itself a translation of Sanskrit मण्ड (maṇḍa, literally “cream of milk”).

der

(Buddhism) the fifth and last flavor according to the Nirvana Sutra, possibly of ghee or some other kind of butter; believed to be the ultimate truth or the greatest nirvana


道行

ja-noun

道(どう)行(ぎょう) • (dōgyō) ^(←だうぎやう (daugyau)?)

道行 (canonical)
dōgyō (romanization)
daugyau (romanization)
だうぎやう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) practice of Buddhism, especially by monks


刹那

/setina/ → /setuna/
Shift in pronunciation from sechina above, using the kan'yōon of setsu for the first kanji.
This reading is now the most common.

刹那主義

the principle or philosophy of living in the moment

(Buddhism) the smallest unit of time, of varying lengths depending on tradition:

roughly 0.11 seconds, defined as 1/65ᵗʰ of a 弾指 (danshi), where a danshi is 1/12,000ᵗʰ of a day or 7.2 seconds

0.002 seconds, defined as 1/60ᵗʰ of a 念 (nen), where a nen is 1/60ᵗʰ of a 弾指 (danshi)

1/75ᵗʰ of a second, defined as 1/6,480,000ᵗʰ of a day


業火

/jɛ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


業火

業火 (canonical)
gōka (romanization)
gafukwa (romanization)
がふくわ (hiragana historical)

/ɡapukwa/ → /ɡafukwa/ → /ɡawukwa/ → /ɡaukwa/ → /ɡɔːkwa/ → /ɡoːkwa/ → /ɡoːka/
From Middle Chinese compound 業火 (MC ngjaep xwaX, literally “karmic fire”). Compare modern Mandarin 業火 /业火 (yèhuǒ).
Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.


誓い

誓い (canonical)
chikai (romanization)
tikafi (romanization)
ちかひ (hiragana historical)

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 誓(ちか)う (chikau, “to swear, vow”).

ja-etym-renyokei

(Shinto, Buddhism) vow that the Buddha pledged to save sentient beings


ગરુડ

Borrowed from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa), with semantic shift in noun sense 1.

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) the legendary Garuda bird, the mount of Lord Vishnu


穢土

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (穢土):
* → Japanese: 穢土(えど) (edo)
* → Korean: 예토(穢土) (yeto)

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯³³ tʰou̯³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯³³ tʰou̯³⁵/

(Buddhism) impure land; earthly realm; land of the living


穢土

(Buddhism) The Impure Land; the earthly realm, the land of the living.


声明

ja-noun

声(しょう)明(みょう) • (shōmyō)


সংসার

head

সংসার • (śoṅśar)

bn-noun

সংসার • (śoṅśar)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra).

lbor

(Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, philosophy) samsara


煩悩

/bonːau/ → /bonːɔː/ → /bonːoː/
From Middle Chinese 煩惱 (MC bjon nawX), itself a translation of Sanskrit क्लेश (kleśa, literally “anguish, pain”).


錫杖

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (錫杖):
* → Japanese: 錫杖(しゃくじょう) (shakujō)
* → Korean: 석장(錫杖) (seokjang)
* → Vietnamese: tích trượng (錫杖)

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚³ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰŋ̍²²/

/sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tʰŋ̍³³/

/sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰŋ̍²²/

/sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰŋ̍³³/

/sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰiaŋ²²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚³ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰŋ̍²²/

/sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tʰŋ̍³³/

/sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰŋ̍²²/

/sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰŋ̍³³/

/sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tʰiaŋ²²/


錫杖

ja-noun

錫(しゃく)杖(じょう) • (shakujō) ^(←しやくぢやう (syakudyau)?) (counter 本)

錫杖 (canonical)
shakujō (romanization)
syakudyau (romanization)
本 (counter)
しやくぢやう (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠kɯ̟ʑo̞ː]

Compound of 錫 (shaku, “tin, stannum”) + 杖 (jō, “staff”).

compound

(Buddhism, weaponry) A khakkhara; Buddhist monk's "sounding staff".

錫杖草

錫杖草 シャクジョウソウ


om mani padme hum

From Sanskrit ॐ मणि पद्मे हूँ, (oṃ maṇi padme hūm̐,, “the wish-fulfilling jewel in the lotus”), internally derived from मणि (maṇi, “wish-fulfilling jewel”) and पद्म (padma, “lotus”). ॐ (oṃ) and हूँ (hūm̐) are not translated.

bor

ॐ मणि पद्मे हूँ,

(Buddhism) A mantra associated with Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, the primary mantra of Tibetan Buddhism.


고수

Sino-Korean word from 苦受, from Sanskrit उपेक्षा (upekṣā) + वेदना (vedanā, “suffering”)

compound

(Buddhism) the unpleasant mode of sensation


元明

/ɥɛn³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ miŋ³⁵/


수지

Sino-Korean word from 受 (“accept, bear”) + 持 (“hold”)

ko-etym-Sino

(Buddhism) maintaining and observing Buddhist teachings


前身

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (前身):
* → Japanese: 前身(ぜんしん) (zenshin)
* → Korean: 전신(前身) (jeonsin)
* → Vietnamese: tiền thân (前身)

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² sin³³/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² sin⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ sin⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/

/ʑi²² sən⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² sin³³/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² sin⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ sin⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/

/ʑi²² sən⁴⁴/

(Buddhism) previous incarnation; past life


御籠もり

御籠もり (canonical)
o-komori (romanization)

From 御 (o-, honorific prefix) + 籠もり (komori, “shutting oneself, secluding oneself”).

prefix

(Shinto, Buddhism, polite) a retirement for prayer to a kami or buddha


御籠もり

御籠もりする (canonical)
o-komori suru (romanization)
御籠もりし (stem)
御籠もりした (past)

(Shinto, Buddhism, polite) to retire and pray


旦那

Daijirin
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Husband
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Patronage
ja:旦那

From Middle Chinese 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na), both used as transliterations of Sanskrit दान (dā́na, “generosity, giving, donating”). Ultimately cognate with English donate and donor, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom.
Attested in Japanese sinophone sources since at least the 1000s and in vernacular Japanese sources since at least 1287.

旦那芸

an art or cultural pursuit studied by someone who is well-to-do as a means of passing the time

旦那寺

a Buddhist temple supported by a household that has convert to Buddhism

to find a patron → generally refers to a geisha

other female finding a male to look after their needs

danna no ikkibataraki wa oni mo kanawanu

not even the devil can match the master for getting down to hard work

旦那の一気働きは鬼も叶わぬ: → someone who rarely has to get involved in actual work will work very hard when they have to roll up their sleeves and do it themselves

fights between masters start from the guardsmen

旦那の喧嘩は槍持ちから: → disputes between the powerful often arise from minor disputes among their employees

followers: petty foibles can lead to big battles

旦那の好きな赤烏帽子: → 烏帽子 are traditionally black

so a red eboshi indicates someone willing to go against tradition: no matter how strange

(better) in front of a pot than in front of a master

旦那の前より釜の前: → it is better to be one's own master

five hundred for me" → people generally think of their own benefit more than the benefit of their masters

पारमिता पारमिता#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) generosity as one of the Buddhist perfections (पारमिता (pāramitā))

(Buddhism) a donation of money, goods, or service to monks or a temple

(Buddhism) a person who makes such a donation: a patron


झान

(Buddhism) a state of collected, full-body awareness


jhāna

jhānaṃ (nominative singular)
jhānāni (nominative plural)
jhānaṃ (accusative singular)
jhānāni (accusative plural)
jhānena (instrumental singular)
jhānehi (instrumental plural)
jhānebhi (instrumental plural)
jhānassa (dative singular)
jhānāya (dative singular)
jhānatthaṃ (dative singular)
jhānānaṃ (dative plural)
jhānasmā (ablative singular)
jhānamhā (ablative singular)
jhānā (ablative singular)
jhānehi (ablative plural)
jhānebhi (ablative plural)
jhānassa (genitive singular)
jhānānaṃ (genitive plural)
jhānasmiṃ (locative singular)
jhānamhi (locative singular)
jhāne (locative singular)
jhānesu (locative plural)
jhāna (singular vocative)
jhānāni (plural vocative)

→ Khmer: ឈាន (chiən)

→ Lao: ຊານ (sān)

→ Burmese: ဈာန် (jhan)

→ Northern Thai: ᨫᩣ᩠ᨶ (saan⁴)

→ Thai: ฌาน (chaan)

/d͡ʑʱɑː.n̪ɐ/

[ˈd͡ʑʱɑː.nɐ]

Etymology tree
Sanskrit ध्यै (dhyai)
Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna)
Pali jhāna
Inherited from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna). Cognate with Prakrit 𑀛𑀸𑀡 (jhāṇa).

etymon

(Buddhism) dhyana, meditation, a state of collected, full-body awareness


法施

法施 (canonical)
法施 (canonical)
hōse (romanization)
hosse (romanization)

(Buddhism) a type of 旦那 (danna, “dāna, Buddhist donations and charity work”): preaching about Buddhism


覺悟

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (覺悟):
* → Japanese: 覚(かく)悟(ご) (kakugo)
* → Korean: 각오(覺悟) (gago)
* → Vietnamese: giác ngộ (覺悟)

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ u⁵¹/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ u³/

/kɔːk̚³ ŋ̍²²/

/kak̚³²⁻⁴ ŋɔ̃³³/

/kak̚³²⁻⁴ ŋɔ̃²²/

/kak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/kak̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɔ²²/

/kak̚³²⁻⁴ ɡɔ³³/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ ŋo³⁵/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ ŋu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ u⁵¹/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ u³/

/kɔːk̚³ ŋ̍²²/

/kak̚³²⁻⁴ ŋɔ̃³³/

/kak̚³²⁻⁴ ŋɔ̃²²/

/kak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/kak̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɔ²²/

/kak̚³²⁻⁴ ɡɔ³³/

/kak̚²⁻⁴ ŋo³⁵/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ ŋu⁴⁴/


apsara

Borrowed from Hindi अप्सरा (apsarā), descended from Sanskrit अप्सरस् (apsaras).

But the boy's relatives don't sit on their behinds and wait for a pari or an apsara to drop out of the heavens.

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 40:

But here was an apsara rising out of the waters of a holy Ganga, raising her arms in salutation to the sun rising above the range of hills and offering her behind to him to marvel at and worship.

2004, Khushwant Singh, Burial at Sea, Penguin, published 2014, page 102:

Don't burn us with your fierce austerities, O master. I'll have to send apsaras to distract you.

2006, Vikram Chandra, Sacred Games, volume 1, Penguin, published 2007, page 17:

(Indian mythology, Hinduism, Buddhism) A female spirit of the clouds and waters.

অপ্সরা

a female spirit of the clouds and waters


ပါး

→ Shan: ပႃး (páa)

(Buddhism, nobility, honorific) numeral classifier for sacred objects or persons


sútra

head

sútra m (genitive singular sútra, nominative plural sútraí)

sútra (genitive singular)
sútraí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
sútra (indefinite singular)
sútraí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a shútra (indefinite singular)
a shútraí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an sútra (definite singular)
na sútraí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an tsútra (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an sútra (definite singular)
don sútra (definite singular)
leis na sútraí (definite plural)
sútra
shútra
tsútra

/ˈsˠuːt̪ˠɾˠə/

Borrowed from Sanskrit सूत्र (sū́tra, “thread, yarn, string; rule”).


nonreturner

(Buddhism) A partially enlightened person.


曼荼羅

ㄇㄢˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

/män⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/maːn²² tʰou̯²¹ lɔː²¹/

/män⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/maːn²² tʰou̯²¹ lɔː²¹/

Borrowed from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “round; circular”).

bor

曼荼罗
曼陀羅
慢怛羅
滿拏囉
曼達拉


曼荼羅

Ultimately from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, literally “circle”). The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 曼荼羅 /曼荼罗 (màntúluó).


梵天

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (梵天):
* → Japanese: 梵天(ぼんてん) (Bonten)
* → Korean: 범천(梵天) (Beomcheon)
* → Vietnamese: Phạm Thiên (梵天)

/fän⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/fän⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/


ngộ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 悟. Compare Japanese 悟り (satori, “enlightenment”) which is also written with this Chinese character.


गन्धर्व

gandharvá (romanization)
गन्धर्वः (nominative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वाः (nominative plural)
गन्धर्वासः1 (nominative plural)
गन्धर्व (singular vocative)
गन्धर्वौ (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वाः (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वासः1 (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वम् (accusative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वा1 (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वान् (accusative plural)
गन्धर्वेण (instrumental singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गन्धर्वैः (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वाय (dative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
गन्धर्वात् (ablative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गन्धर्वस्य (genitive singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual genitive)
गन्धर्वाणाम् (genitive plural)
गन्धर्वे (locative singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual locative)
गन्धर्वेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gandhabba

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀯𑁆𑀯 (gaṃdhavva)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gandharwa
Javanese: ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa)
→ Indonesian: gêndêruwo
→ Balinese: ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥᬃᬯ᭄ᬯ (gandarwa)

/ɡɐn.dʱɐɾ.ʋɐ́/

/ɡɐn̪ˈd̪ʱɐɾ.ʋɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gandʰarwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰarwás ~ *g(ʰ)andʰarbʰás, ultimately likely from a BMAC substrate. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdər^əβa), 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdar^əβa). Compare also Ancient Greek Κένταυρος (Kéntauros), to which it is often likened.

inh

सप्त स्वसारो अभि मातरः शिशुं नवं जज्ञानं जेन्यं विपश्चितम् ।
अपां गन्धर्वं दिव्यं नृचक्षसं सोमं विश्वस्य भुवनस्य राजसे ॥
sapta svasāro abhi mātaraḥ śiśuṃ navaṃ jajñānaṃ jenyaṃ vipaścitam.

The Sisters Seven, the Mothers, stand around the Babe, the noble, new-born Infant, skilled in holy song,
Gandharva of the floods, divine, beholding men, Soma, that he may reign as King of all the world.

apāṃ gandharvaṃ divyaṃ nṛcakṣasaṃ somaṃ viśvasya bhuvanasya rājase.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a gandharva (one of a class of male heavenly beings, famed singers and guardians of soma)


Nārada

Transliteration of Sanskrit नारद (nārada) or Pali Nārada.

translit

(Buddhism) The name of the 12th of 27 named Buddhas immediately preceding Gautama.


rūpa

> Javanese: ꦫꦸꦥ (rupa) (inherited)

Borrowed from Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance or colour, form, shape, figure”).


मार

mā́ra (romanization)
मारः (nominative singular)
मारौ (dual nominative)
मारा1 (dual nominative)
माराः (nominative plural)
मारासः1 (nominative plural)
मार (singular vocative)
मारौ (dual vocative)
मारा1 (dual vocative)
माराः (plural vocative)
मारासः1 (plural vocative)
मारम् (accusative singular)
मारौ (accusative dual)
मारा1 (accusative dual)
मारान् (accusative plural)
मारेण (instrumental singular)
माराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मारैः (instrumental plural)
मारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
माराय (dative singular)
माराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मारेभ्यः (dative plural)
मारात् (ablative singular)
माराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मारस्य (genitive singular)
मारयोः (dual genitive)
माराणाम् (genitive plural)
मारे (locative singular)
मारयोः (dual locative)
मारेषु (locative plural)

Balinese: ᬫᬵᬭ (mara)

→ Chinese: 魔羅 /魔罗 (móluó)

→ Japanese: 魔羅 (mara)

→ Indonesian: mara (“calamity”)

→ Khmer: មារ (miə)

→ Lü: ᦙᦱᧃ (maan)

→ Thai: มาร (maan, “demon”)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *mór-os, from *mer- (“to die”). Cognate with English mare (whence nightmare), German Mahr, Lithuanian mãras, Polish mara, Serbo-Croatian мо̏ра.

(Buddhism) the Destroyer, Evil One (who tempts men to indulge their passions and is the great enemy of the बुद्ध and his religion; four मारs are enumerated in Dharmas. 80, viz. स्कन्ध-, क्लेश-, देवपुत्र-, and मृत्यु-म्°; but the later Buddhist theory of races of gods led to the figment of millions of मारs ruled over by a chief मार)


懺悔

懺悔 (canonical)
懺悔 (canonical)
sange (romanization)
senge (romanization)
懺悔 (canonical)
zange (romanization)


懺悔

懺悔する (canonical)
懺悔する (canonical)
sange suru (romanization)
senge suru (romanization)
懺悔し (stem)
懺悔した (past)
懺悔する (canonical)
zange suru (romanization)
懺悔し (stem)
懺悔した (past)
懺悔し
さんげし
sange shi
懺悔する
さんげする
sange suru
懺悔すれ
さんげすれ
sange sure
懺悔せよ (imperative literary)
懺悔しろ (colloquial imperative)
さんげせよ (imperative literary)
さんげしろ (colloquial imperative)
sange seyo (imperative literary)
sange shiro (colloquial imperative)
懺悔される (passive)
さんげされる (passive)
sange sareru (passive)
懺悔させる (causative)
懺悔さす (causative)
さんげさせる (causative)
さんげさす (causative)
sange saseru (causative)
sange sasu (causative)
懺悔できる (potential)
さんげできる (potential)
sange dekiru (potential)
懺悔しよう (volitional)
さんげしよう (volitional)
sange shiyō (volitional)
懺悔しない (negative)
さんげしない (negative)
sange shinai (negative)
懺悔せず (continuative negative)
さんげせず (continuative negative)
sange sezu (continuative negative)
懺悔します (formal)
さんげします (formal)
sange shimasu (formal)
懺悔した (perfective)
さんげした (perfective)
sange shita (perfective)
懺悔して (conjunctive)
さんげして (conjunctive)
sange shite (conjunctive)
懺悔すれば (conditional hypothetical)
さんげすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sange sureba (conditional hypothetical)


法螺

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (法螺):
* → Japanese: 法(ほ)螺(ら) (hora); 法(ほう)螺(ら) (hōra)
* → Korean: 법라(法螺) (beomna)
* → Vietnamese: pháp loa (法螺)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ lɔː²¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ lɔː²¹/

Calque of Sanskrit धर्म शङ्ख (dharma śaṅkha, “conch shell of religion; conch of the law”). Tibetan equivalent is ཆོས་དུང (chos dung).

cal

(Buddhism) conch shell used as a Buddhist trumpet

(Buddhism) power and command of Buddhist teaching; doctrines of Buddhism


ဇာတ်

my-noun

ဇာတ် • (jat)

→ Shan: ၸၢတ်ႈ (tsāat)

From Pali jātaka, from Sanskrit जातक (jātaka).


아귀

Sino-Korean word from 餓鬼, from 餓 (“to be hungry, to starve”) + 鬼 (“devil, ghost”)

ko-etym-sino

(Buddhism) preta; starving ghost; a famished devil


黒暗

From Middle Chinese 黑暗 (MC xok 'omH, “black darkness”). Compare modern Mandarin 黑暗 (hēi'àn).

(Buddhism) a complete lack of virtue or wisdom


จักรพรรดิ

th-noun

จักรพรรดิ • (jàk-grà-pát)

From Old Khmer ចក្រពត៌្តិ (cakrabartti, “universal monarch”), ultimately from Sanskrit चक्रवर्तिन् (cakravartin, “wheel-tuner; world-ruler”). Compare Pali cakkavatti. Doublet of จักรวรรดิ (jàk-grà-wàt).

der

พ่อจะให้ครองสมบัติ สืบวงศ์จักรพรรดินาถา จงตั้งอยู่ในทศธรรมา เป็นตราชูโลกทั้งไตรดาล เจ้าจงเลี้ยงเสนาพลากร ให้ถาวรดั่งร่มพฤกษาศาล เอาความสัตย์สุจริตเป็นประธาน คือรากแก้วกิ่งก้านดอกใบ อันฝูงสัตว์จตุบาททวิบาท จะเกลื่อนกลาดมาพึ่งอาศัย จงเอาเมตตานั้นแผ่ไป ดังกลิ่นดอกไม้อันตระการ จะหอมขจรทุกประเทศ เย็นเกศไปทั่วทิศาศาล ทานนั้นต่างผลโอฬาร หว่านให้บำเหน็จโดยตรา แก่หมู่เสนีรี้พล ประชาชนยาจกถ้วนหน้า ตัดโลภเอาความกรุณา เป็นปัญจมหานัที ไหลมาไม่รู้สุดสิ้น อาบกินเป็นสุขเกษมศรี อย่าเบียดเบียนไพร่ฟ้าประชาชี ให้มีความเดือดร้อนเวทนา น้ำเย็นฝูงปลาก็อาศัย ปักษาพึ่งไม้ใบหนา ป่ากว้างย่อมมีมฤคา พากันมาอยู่สำนัก จงแผ่เดชาวรายศ ให้ปรากฏเกียรติไปทั้งไตรจักร แก่มนุษย์เทวัญคนธรรพ์ยักษ์ ลูกรักจงฟังพ่อสอนไว้
pɔ̂ɔ jà hâi krɔɔng sǒm-bàt · sʉ̀ʉp wong jàk-grà-pát naa-tǎa · jong dtâng yùu nai tót-sà-tan-maa · bpen dtraa-chuu lôok táng dtrai-daan · jâo jong líiang sěe-naa pá-laa-gɔɔn · hâi tǎa-wɔɔn dàng rôm prʉ́k-sǎa sǎan · ao kwaam-sàt sùt-jà-rìt bpen bprà-taan · kʉʉ râak-gɛ̂ɛo gìng gâan dɔ̀ɔk bai · an fǔung sàt jàt-dtù-bàat tá-wí-bàat · jà glʉ̀ʉan-glàat maa pʉ̂ng aa-sǎi · jong ao mêet-dtaa nán pɛ̀ɛ bpai · dang glìn dɔ̀ɔk-máai an dtrà-gaan · jà hɔ̌ɔm kà-jɔɔn túk bprà-têet · yen gèet bpai tûua tí-sǎa sǎan · taan nán dtàang pǒn oo-laan · wàan hâi bam-nèt dooi dtraa · gɛ̀ɛ mùu sěe-nii ríi-pon · bprà-chaa-chon yaa-jòk tûuan-nâa · dtàt lôop ao kwaam-gà-rú-naa · bpen bpan-jà-má-hǎa-nát-tii · lǎi maa mâi rúu sùt-sîn · àap gin bpen sùk gà-sěem sǐi · yàa bìiat-biian prâi-fáa bprà-chaa-chii · hâi mii kwaam-dʉ̀ʉat-rɔ́ɔn wêet-tá-naa · náam yen fǔung bplaa gɔ̂ɔ aa-sǎi · bpàk-sǎa pʉ̂ng mái bai nǎa · bpàa gwâang yɔ̂ɔm mii má-rʉ́k-kaa · paa gan maa yùu sǎm-nák · jong pɛ̀ɛ dee-chaa wá-raa yót · hâi bpraa-gòt gìiat bpai táng dtrai-jàk · gɛ̀ɛ má-nút tee-wan kon-tan yák · lûuk rák jong fang pɔ̂ɔ sɔ̌ɔn wái

1798, พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช, บทละครเรื่องรามเกียรติ์, สมุดไทย เล่ม ๑๘

I shall let you have the sceptre and continue our line of universal rulers and protectors. You shall maintain yourself in the Tenfold Virtue, behaving like a balance that supports all the Three Worlds. You shall always maintain your officers, either civil and military, like a large tree that expands its shade over everyone. You shall take honesty as your guiding principle. You shall be like a tap root, a branch, a stalk, a flower, or a leaf under which all creatures, whether two-footed or four-footed, may come and rest. Let your kindness spread like the flagrance of a flower that goes through every region and pleases every living being in all directions. Donations are on a par with immensely productive seeds: sow them over all your civil and military servants, as well as your people and mendicants, without exception. Avoid greed, uphold grace, like the Five Great Rivers which endlessly flow in and give pleasure in drinking and bathing. Never shall you oppress your people or subject them unto trouble or suffering. You shall be like a cool body of water where fish may dwell, a dense collection of trees where birds may reside, and a vast forest where deer may live in. Let your authority and dignity be evident to all men, gods, demigods, and demons across the Three Realms. My dearest son, listen well to these instructions of mine.


သုတ်

my-noun

သုတ် • (sut)

→ Shan: သုၵ်ႈ (sūk)

From Pali sutta. Doublet of သုတ္တ (sutta.).

(Buddhism) complete series of the Buddha's discourses constituting the Sutta Pitaka

(Buddhism) discourse delivered by the Buddha


Tripitaka

Borrowed from Sanskrit त्रिपिटक (tripiṭaka, “Three Baskets”). Compare Pali tipiṭaka (“Three Baskets”).

bor

(Buddhism) Any of several canons of Buddhist scripture.

ত্রিপিটক

any of several canons of Buddhist scripture


ဆွမ်း

Shan: သွမ်း (sáum)

och-l

餞 (OC *zlenʔ, *zlens, “to give a farewell party; to preserve fruits in honey or syrup”)

(Buddhism) food offered to the Buddha or to monks


ဆူ

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tsu (“spirit of dead”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (tsù, “spirit”) (STEDT). Note also similarities to Old Chinese 座 (OC *zoːls, “classifier for buildings”).

och-l

ဘုရား နှစ်ဆူ

(Buddhism) numerical classifier for pagodas, images of the Buddha, and other sacred objects


法衣

ja-r

法衣(ほうい) (hōi)

法衣(ほうえ) (hōe)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (法衣):
* → Japanese: 法衣(ほうい) (hōi); 法衣(ほうえ) (hōe)
* → Korean: 법의(法衣) (beobui)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/


念力

/ni̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/ni̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/


微塵

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/mei̯²¹ t͡sʰɐn²¹/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/mei̯²¹ t͡sʰɐn²¹/


閻魔

閻魔 (canonical)
閻魔 (canonical)
Enma (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 閻魔 (MC yem ma), from Sanskrit यम (yamá). Doublet of 夜摩 (Yama).

(Buddhism): Enma, the Japanese name for Yama, the Buddhist and Chinese god who presides over naraku (hell).

閻魔大王

閻魔大王 えんまだいおう


Bishamonten

(mythology, Buddhism, Shinto) The Japanese name for the Buddhist god Vaiśravaṇa, guardian of the North and a patron god of warriors in Japan.


Daikokuten

(Japanese mythology, Buddhism, Shinto) The Japanese name for Mahākāla, a Buddhist god of wealth, commerce and trade. In Japanese folk tradition, he is one of the seven gods of luck. In Shinto, he is syncretized with the deity Ōkuninushi. Daikokuten is often depicted paired with Ebisu in statuary or in the form of masks on the walls of small retail shops.


無念

/u³⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/

/u³⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/


劫火

劫火 (canonical)
gōka (romanization)
gofukwa (romanization)
こうか (alternative hiragana)
kōka (Rōmaji)
こふくわ (hiragana historical)
ごふくわ (hiragana historical)


業果

/jɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


業果

業果 (canonical)
gōka (romanization)
gafukwa (romanization)
がふくわ (hiragana historical)

/ɡapukwa/ → /ɡafukwa/ → /ɡawukwa/ → /ɡaukwa/ → /ɡɔːkwa/ → /ɡoːkwa/ → /ɡoːka/
From Middle Chinese compound 業果 (MC ngjaep kwaX, literally “karmic fruit, karmic result”). Compare modern Mandarin 業果 /业果 (yèguǒ).
Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.

ja-etym-buddhist

(Buddhism) karma, specifically the effects of karma


薬師如来

ja-pos

薬(やく)師(し)如(にょ)来(らい) or 薬師如来(ヤクシニョライ) • (Yakushi Nyorai)

薬師如来 (canonical)
薬師如来 (canonical)
Yakushi Nyorai (romanization)

(mythology, Buddhism) Yakushi Nyorai, the Japanese name for Bhaiṣajyaguru, the Buddha of medicine


Yakushi Nyorai

(Japanese mythology, Buddhism) The Japanese name for Bhaiṣajyaguru, the Buddha of medicine.


paramita

From Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā, “perfection; completeness”).

der

(Buddhism) perfection or culmination of certain virtues


paramita

(Buddhism) paramita: perfection or culmination of certain virtues.


paramita

(Buddhism) paramita (perfection or culmination of certain virtues)


big mind

(Buddhism) In the Zen tradition, an awareness of reality that transcends the merely personal or subjective.


Hachiman

(Japanese mythology, Shinto, Buddhism) the Japanese god of archery and tutelary deity of samurai.


無垢

ja-adj

無(む)垢(く) • (muku) -na (adnominal 無(む)垢(く)な (muku na), adverbial 無(む)垢(く)に (muku ni))

無垢 (canonical)
muku (romanization)
無垢な (adnominal)
無垢に (adverbial)
無垢だろ (imperfective stem)
むくだろ (imperfective stem)
muku daro (imperfective)
無垢で (continuative stem)
むくで (continuative stem)
muku de (continuative)
無垢だ (stem terminative)
むくだ (stem terminative)
muku da (terminative)
無垢な (attributive stem)
むくな (attributive stem)
muku na (attributive)
無垢なら (hypothetical stem)
むくなら (hypothetical stem)
muku nara (hypothetical)
無垢であれ (imperative stem)
むくであれ (imperative stem)
muku de are (imperative)
無垢ではない (informal negative)
無垢じゃない (informal negative)
むくではない (informal negative)
むくじゃない (informal negative)
muku de wa nai (informal negative)
muku ja nai (informal negative)
無垢だった (informal past)
むくだった (informal past)
muku datta (informal past)
無垢ではなかった (informal negative past)
無垢じゃなかった (informal negative past)
むくではなかった (informal negative past)
むくじゃなかった (informal negative past)
muku de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
muku ja nakatta (informal negative past)
無垢です (formal)
むくです (formal)
muku desu (formal)
無垢ではありません (formal negative)
無垢じゃありません (formal negative)
むくではありません (formal negative)
むくじゃありません (formal negative)
muku de wa arimasen (formal negative)
muku ja arimasen (formal negative)
無垢でした (formal past)
むくでした (formal past)
muku deshita (formal past)
無垢ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
無垢じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
むくではありませんでした (formal negative past)
むくじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
muku de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
muku ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
無垢で (conjunctive)
むくで (conjunctive)
muku de (conjunctive)
無垢なら（ば） (conditional)
むくなら（ば） (conditional)
muku nara (ba) (conditional)
無垢だったら (conditional past)
むくだったら (conditional past)
muku dattara (conditional past)
無垢だろう (volitional)
むくだろう (volitional)
muku darō (volitional)
無垢に (adverbial)
むくに (adverbial)
muku ni (adverbial)
無垢さ (noun-from-adj)
むくさ (noun-from-adj)
mukusa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

無垢

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

First cited in the early 800s.
Probably from Middle Chinese 無垢 (MC mju kuwX, literally “without + dirt, stain”). Alternatively, may have been coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 無 (mu, “without”) + 垢 (ku, “dirt, stain”).

compound

(Buddhism) spiritually pure, free from desire or aversion


無垢

(Buddhism) spiritual purity, freedom from desire or aversion


䭀

(Taoism, Buddhism) Short for 青䭀飯／青𩠇饭 (“black rice made by soaking rice in the extract of the oriental blueberry (Vaccinium bracteatum), used as a food offering”).


ភាព

From Sanskrit भव (bhava, “state of being, existence, character, being”). Compare Chinese 法 (fǎ), Vietnamese phép, pháp.

bor

(Buddhism) doctrine of "coming into existence"


Dainichi Nyorai

(Japanese mythology, Buddhism) The Japanese name for the sun Buddha, Vairocana, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas.


大日如来

ja-pos

大(だい)日(にち)如(にょ)来(らい) • (Dainichi Nyorai)

大日如来 (canonical)
Dainichi Nyorai (romanization)

English: Dainichi Nyorai

大日 (Dainichi, literally “great sun”) is a calque of Sanskrit महावैरोचन (Mahāvairocana), while 如来 (nyorai, literally “thus going”) is a calque of Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata, literally “thus coming and going”).

calque

(Shingon Buddhism) Vairocana (or Mahāvairocana) as the sun Buddha, the embodiment of the Buddhist concept of emptiness (sunyata), and one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas

Daijirin Daijisen Vairocana ja:大日如来 ja:松村明 tathāgata


Kannon

From Japanese 観音 (Kannon), from Middle Chinese 觀音 (MC kwan 'im), a translation of Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (avalokiteśvara).

der

अवलोकितेश्वर

“A long time ago, Kannon, the Bodhisattva of Compassion, made a deep vow to free all beings and help us wake up to our true and luminous nature.”

2021, Ruth Ozeki, The Book of Form and Emptiness, Canongate Books (2022), page 413:

(religion, Buddhism) Kannon, the Japanese version of Guanyin, the Chinese translation of Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva of mercy and compassion.


観音菩薩

観音菩薩 (canonical)
Kannon Bosatsu (romanization)

観音 + 菩薩: The bodhisattva of Avalokiteśvara".

(Buddhism): Kannon Bosatsu; the Japanese name for Guanyin, the bodhisattva of mercy and compassion.


如来

From the Middle Chinese compound 如來 (MC nyo loj), an abbreviation of either 如去如來 (MC nyo khjoX nyo loj) or 如來如去 (MC nyo loj nyo khjoX, “coming from suchness, going back into suchness”), translations of Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata, “coming from suchness, going back into suchness; thus coming, thus going”, exact meaning uncertain, see Tathāgata on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).
First cited to a section of the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) dated to 766 CE.

calque

exact meaning uncertain, see <b class="Latn" lang="en">Tathāgata</b> on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


阿閦如来

阿閦如来 (canonical)
Ashuku Nyorai (romanization)

English: Ashuku Nyorai

From 阿閦 (Ashuku, “Akṣobhya”) + 如来 (nyorai, “tathāgata”, literally “thus going”).

com

(Shingon Buddhism) Akṣobhya as the Eastern Buddha and one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas


阿弥陀如来

English: Amida Nyorai

From 阿弥陀 (Amida, “Amitābha”) + 如来 (nyorai, “tathāgata”, literally “thus going”).

(Shingon Buddhism) Amitābha as the Western Buddha and one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas


宝生如来

宝生如来 (canonical)
Hōshō Nyorai (romanization)

English: Hōshō Nyorai

From 宝生 (Hōshō, “Ratnasaṃbhava”, literally “born from a jewel”) + 如来 (nyorai, “tathāgata”, literally “thus going”).

(Shingon Buddhism) Ratnasaṃbhava as the Southern Buddha and one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas


不空成就如来

ja-pos

ふくうじょうじゅ にょらい

不(ふ)空(くう)成(じょう)就(じゅ)如(にょ)来(らい) • (Fukūjōju Nyorai)

不空成就如来 (canonical)
Fukūjōju Nyorai (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ːʑo̞ːʑɨ ɲ̟o̞ɾa̠i]

From Middle Chinese 不空成就如來 (pjuw khuwng dzyeng dzjuwH njo loj). Compare modern Mandarin 不空成就佛 (bùkōng chéngjiù fō), exchanging 如來 /如来 (rúlái) for roughly synonymous 佛 (fō).
The Middle Chinese term itself is a compound of 不空成就 + 如來 (ȵɨʌ lʌi):
* 不空成就 is a translation of Sanskrit अमोघसिद्धि (amoghasiddhi), the name of this entity, and a compound of अमोघ (amogha, “not in vain”) + सिद्धि (siddhi, “perfection; accomplishment, attainment; success”).
* 如來 (ȵɨʌ lʌi) is an abbreviation of either 如去如來 or 如來如去 (“coming from suchness, going back into suchness”), translations of Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata, “coming from suchness, going back into suchness; thus coming, thus going”, exact meaning uncertain, see Tathāgata on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).

der

ふくうじょうじゅにょらい

(religion, Buddhism) Fukūjōju Nyorai: the Buddha of the North, called Amoghasiddhi; the embodiment of the accomplishment of the Buddhist path and the overcoming of envy, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas, and an important entity in Shingon Buddhism


Ashuku Nyorai

Vajra Division (kongō-bu): The eternal life force. The central deity is Ashuku Nyorai.

1988, Taikō Yamasaki, Shingon: Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, Shambhala, →ISBN, page 139:

Finally, behind Fukūjōju sits Ashuku Nyorai. Ashuku is the Buddha of the East. His left hand holds a piece of detached sleeve. His right hand hangs pendent in front of his right knee, palm turned inward, fingers pointing toward the ground.

2007, Philip L. Nicoloff, Sacred Koyasan, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 128:

It contains statues of Ashuku Nyorai, Hōshō Nyorai, Muryōju Nyorai, and Fukūjōju Nyorai surrounding a statue of Dainichi Nyorai.

2008, Tatsuro Muro, David C. Moreton, A Journey of the Soul, Education Publishing Center, →ISBN, page 14:

Establish the connection with the Imperturbable Buddha Ashuku Nyorai through the distant contact. Greet him with the words: “Dear Ashuku Nyorai, I come to you as a sick person and request healing. […]”

2006, Mark Hosak, Walter Luebeck, The Big Book of Reiki Symbols, Lotus Press, →ISBN, page 263:

On the left is a third guest Buddha, a seated image of Ashuku Nyorai carved in 1322 by Inkō, about whom little is known.

2021, Burritt Sabin, Kamakura: A Contemplative Guide, Partridge, →ISBN:

(Japanese mythology, Buddhism) The Japanese name for the Eastern Buddha, Akṣobhya, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas.


Amida Nyorai

The Tendai may indeed be regarded as the mother sect of all later developments of Japanese Buddhism, and Amida Nyorai is even of greater importance in Japanese art than Sakya Muni, the founder of the religion.

1906, Edward Dillon, The Arts of Japan (Little books on art), Methuen, →OCLC, page 36:

The 13m-tall image represents Amida Nyorai, the future Buddha who receives souls into the Western Paradise, and was built under the orders of Minamoto Yoritomo to rival the larger Nara Buddha, near Kyoto.

2011 February 1, Jan Dodd, Simon Richmond, The Rough Guide to Japan (Rough Guide to...), Penguin, →ISBN, →OCLC:

Pure Land Buddhism suggests that the problem of suffering should not be addressed as a spiritual matter but at the level of change in the social environment. The desired social environment is the peaceful and equalitarian environment envisioned by Amida Nyorai’s vows in the Larger Sūtra and especially in the First Vow.

2019, U. Dessì, “The Pure Land and this World in Hishiki Masaharu’s Shin Buddhist Ethics”, in G. T. Halkias, R. K. Payne, editors, Pure Lands in Asian Texts and Contexts, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 578:

(Japanese mythology, Buddhism) The Japanese name for the Western Buddha, Amitābha, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas.


Hōshō Nyorai

As we face Dainichi, the Buddha seated at our near left is Hōshō Nyorai, the Buddha of the South.

2007, Philip L. Nicoloff, Sacred Koyasan, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 127:

The Hōshō Nyorai sculpture sits on a lotus base, which rests on the back of several seated, winged horses. The deity's left hand grasps the edge of the robe, the left rests on the knee, palm facing upward in the wish-granting mudra.

2010, Hillary Pedersen, The Five Great Space Repository Bodhisattvas (dissertation), University of Kansas, page 208:

Or if the dying person should manifest a sign presaging rebirth among any of the thirty-six kinds of hungry ghosts, the attendant should immediately intervene to save that person by performing the rites of Hōshō Nyorai, Kokūzō, Jizō, Thousand-Armed Kannon, Bodhisattva Perfection of Giving, and the rite of offering Deathbed Attendants

2016, Jacqueline I. Stone, Right Thoughts at the Last Moment, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, pages 289–290:

(Japanese mythology, Buddhism) The Japanese name for the Southern Buddha, Ratnasaṃbhava, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas.


Fukūjōju Nyorai

(Japanese mythology, Buddhism) Fukūjōju Nyorai; the Japanese name for the Northern Buddha, Amoghasiddhi, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas.


大衆

ja-noun

大(だい)衆(しゅ) or 大(だい)衆(す) • (daishu or daisu)

大衆 (canonical)
大衆 (canonical)
daishu (romanization)
daisu (romanization)


五智如来

五智如来 (canonical)
Go Chi Nyorai (romanization)

五 + 智 + 如来: lit. "Five Dhyani (Wisdom) Buddhas".

あみだにょらい あみだにょらい

(religion, Buddhism) In Vajrayana Buddhism, the Five Dhyani Buddhas, also known as the Five Wisdom Tathāgatas, the Five Great Buddhas and the Five Jinas (Sanskrit for "conqueror" or "victor"), are representations of the five qualities of the Buddha, and an important entity in Shingon Buddhism. These five are:

あしゅくにょらい あしゅくにょらい

だいにちにょらい だいにちにょらい

大日如来 (だいにちにょらい, Dainichi Nyorai): center

不空成就如来 不空成就如来

ふくじょうじゅにょらい ふくじょうじゅにょらい

不空成就如来 (ふくじょうじゅにょらい, Fukūjōju Nyorai): north


五戒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (五戒):
* → Japanese: 五(ご)戒(かい) (gokai)
* → Korean: 오계(五戒) (ogye)
* → Vietnamese: ngũ giới (五戒)

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ kaːi̯³³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ kaːi̯³³/


五戒

五戒 (canonical)
gokai (romanization)
ごかい (hiragana historical)


нирвана

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”).


нирвана

nirvana (romanization)
нирвана (indefinite singular)
нирваната (definite singular unspecified)
нирванава (definite proximal singular)
нирванана (definite distal singular)
нирвано (singular vocative)


нирвана

ru-noun+

нирва́на • (nirvána) f inan (genitive нирва́ны, nominative plural нирва́ны, genitive plural нирва́н)

нирва́на (canonical)
nirvána (romanization)
нирва́ны (genitive)
нирва́ны (nominative plural)
нирва́н (genitive plural)
нирва́на (nominative singular)
нирва́ны (nominative plural)
нирва́ны (genitive singular)
нирва́н (genitive plural)
нирва́не (dative singular)
нирва́нам (dative plural)
нирва́ну (accusative singular)
нирва́ны (accusative plural)
нирва́ной (instrumental singular)
нирва́ною (instrumental singular)
нирва́нами (instrumental plural)
нирва́не (prepositional singular)
нирва́нах (plural prepositional)

bor+

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”)

Пото́м незаме́тно произошло́ одно́ суще́ственное для его́ бу́дущего собы́тие. СССР, кото́рый на́чали обновля́ть и улучша́ть приме́рно тогда́ же, когда́ Тата́рский реши́л смени́ть профе́ссию, улу́чшился насто́лько, что переста́л существова́ть (е́сли госуда́рство спосо́бно попа́сть в нирва́ну, э́то был как раз тако́й слу́чай).

1999, Виктор Пелевин, “Поколение «П»”, in Generation «П», Вагриус; English translation from Andrew Bromfield, transl., Homo Zapiens, Penguin Books, 2000:

Then, quite unobtrusively, an event of fundamental significance for his future occurred. The USSR, which they’d begun to renovate and improve at about the time when Tatarsky decided to change his profession, improved so much that it ceased to exist (if a state is capable of entering nirvana, that’s what must have happened in this case);

Potóm nezamétno proizošló odnó suščéstvennoje dlja jevó búduščevo sobýtije. SSSR, kotóryj náčali obnovljátʹ i ulučšátʹ primérno togdá že, kogdá Tatárskij rešíl smenítʹ proféssiju, ulúčšilsja nastólʹko, što perestál suščestvovátʹ (jésli gosudárstvo sposóbno popástʹ v nirvánu, éto byl kak raz takój slúčaj).


нирвана

нирва̀на (canonical feminine)
nirvàna (romanization)
нирвана (nominative singular)
нирване (nominative plural)
нирване (genitive singular)
нирвана (genitive plural)
нирвани (dative singular)
нирванама (dative plural)
нирвану (accusative singular)
нирване (accusative plural)
нирвано (singular vocative)
нирване (plural vocative)
нирвани (locative singular)
нирванама (locative plural)
нирваном (instrumental singular)
нирванама (instrumental plural)


五輪

(Buddhism) concept based on the philosophy of 五大 (godai, “five elements”):

the five elements as a whole: 地輪 (jirin), 水輪 (suirin), 火輪 (karin), 風輪 (fūrin), and 空輪 (kūrin)

Short for 五輪成身 (gorin jōshin): the placement of the five elements to certain parts of the body, resulting in attaining 仏身 (busshin, “buddha body”)

五輪成身

Synonym of 五体 (gotai): the head, both arms and both knees of the human body

五体

五輪卒塔婆 五輪卒塔婆#Japanese

Short for 五輪塔 (gorintō) or 五輪卒塔婆 (gorin sotoba): a five-ringed pagoda


如來

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (如來):
* → Japanese: 如來(にょらい) (nyorai)
* → Korean: 여래(如來) (yeorae)
* → Vietnamese: Như Lai (如來)

/ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/y⁵³⁻³³ l̃ai⁵³/

/y⁵³⁻³³ l̃i⁵³/

/zu²³⁻³³ lai²³/

/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/zi²³⁻³³ lai²³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/ʐu³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/y⁵³⁻³³ l̃ai⁵³/

/y⁵³⁻³³ l̃i⁵³/

/zu²³⁻³³ lai²³/

/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/zi²³⁻³³ lai²³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

How [does he know all this]? Oh sagely ones, it is because the Thus-Come-One is skilled in distinguishing the nature of dharmas that he knows all this, and because the devas speak to him that he knows this.

〈大本經〉"The Scripture of the Great Origin" in 《長阿含經》 Dirgha Agama, Later Qin, Hongshi era (399-416 CE), Chinese translation by 佛陀耶舍 Buddhayaśsa and 竺佛念 Zhu Fonian; English translation based on John Kieschnick 2016

Yúnhé? Zhūxián, rúlái wèi shàn bié fǎxìng zhī rúshì shì, wèi zhūtiān lái yǔ, nǎi zhī cǐ shì.

云何？諸賢，如來為善別法性知如是事，為諸天來語，乃知此事。

云何？诸贤，如来为善别法性知如是事，为诸天来语，乃知此事。

A Thus-Come-One has divine powers, and his authority is vast. [He] know[s] entirely events from countless kalpas in the past. It is owing to [his] skill in understanding the nature of dharmas, and also because the devas come to speak to [him] that [he] know[s] these matters."

Rúlái shéntōng, wēilì hóngdà. Jìn zhī guòqù wúshù jié shì, yǐ néng shàn jiě fǎxìng gù zhī, yì yǐ zhūtiān lái yǔ gù zhī.

如來神通，威力弘大。盡知過去無數劫事，以能善解法性故知，亦以諸天來語故知。

如来神通，威力弘大。尽知过去无数劫事，以能善解法性故知，亦以诸天来语故知。


బుద్ధావతారము

te-noun

బుద్ధావతారము • (buddhāvatāramu) ? (plural బుద్ధావతారములు)

buddhāvatāramu (romanization)
బుద్ధావతారములు (plural)

From Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “Buddha”, literally “the enlightened one”) + अवतार (avatāra, “avatar”) + -ము (-mu).

uder

(Buddhism, Hinduism) Name of Buddha, who has been treated in the Puranas as the ninth incarnation of Vishnu.


klesha

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A mental state, such as fear or ignorance, that clouds the mind and leads to unwholesome actions.


出息

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi²/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sit̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi²/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sit̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/


藥師

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jœːk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/i̯ok̚⁵ sɨ²⁴/

/iɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jœːk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/i̯ok̚⁵ sɨ²⁴/

/iɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

(Buddhism) Short for 藥師佛／药师佛 (Yàoshīfó, “Bhaiṣajyaguru”).


寂静

ja-adj

寂(じゃく)静(じょう) • (jakujō) ^(←じやくじやう (zyakuzyau)?)-na (adnominal 寂(じゃく)静(じょう)な (jakujō na), adverbial 寂(じゃく)静(じょう)に (jakujō ni))

寂静 (canonical)
jakujō (romanization)
zyakuzyau (romanization)
寂静な (adnominal)
寂静に (adverbial)
寂静だろ (imperfective stem)
じゃくじょうだろ (imperfective stem)
jakujō daro (imperfective)
寂静で (continuative stem)
じゃくじょうで (continuative stem)
jakujō de (continuative)
寂静だ (stem terminative)
じゃくじょうだ (stem terminative)
jakujō da (terminative)
寂静な (attributive stem)
じゃくじょうな (attributive stem)
jakujō na (attributive)
寂静なら (hypothetical stem)
じゃくじょうなら (hypothetical stem)
jakujō nara (hypothetical)
寂静であれ (imperative stem)
じゃくじょうであれ (imperative stem)
jakujō de are (imperative)
寂静ではない (informal negative)
寂静じゃない (informal negative)
じゃくじょうではない (informal negative)
じゃくじょうじゃない (informal negative)
jakujō de wa nai (informal negative)
jakujō ja nai (informal negative)
寂静だった (informal past)
じゃくじょうだった (informal past)
jakujō datta (informal past)
寂静ではなかった (informal negative past)
寂静じゃなかった (informal negative past)
じゃくじょうではなかった (informal negative past)
じゃくじょうじゃなかった (informal negative past)
jakujō de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
jakujō ja nakatta (informal negative past)
寂静です (formal)
じゃくじょうです (formal)
jakujō desu (formal)
寂静ではありません (formal negative)
寂静じゃありません (formal negative)
じゃくじょうではありません (formal negative)
じゃくじょうじゃありません (formal negative)
jakujō de wa arimasen (formal negative)
jakujō ja arimasen (formal negative)
寂静でした (formal past)
じゃくじょうでした (formal past)
jakujō deshita (formal past)
寂静ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
寂静じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
じゃくじょうではありませんでした (formal negative past)
じゃくじょうじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
jakujō de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
jakujō ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
寂静で (conjunctive)
じゃくじょうで (conjunctive)
jakujō de (conjunctive)
寂静なら（ば） (conditional)
じゃくじょうなら（ば） (conditional)
jakujō nara (ba) (conditional)
寂静だったら (conditional past)
じゃくじょうだったら (conditional past)
jakujō dattara (conditional past)
寂静だろう (volitional)
じゃくじょうだろう (volitional)
jakujō darō (volitional)
寂静に (adverbial)
じゃくじょうに (adverbial)
jakujō ni (adverbial)
寂静さ (noun-from-adj)
じゃくじょうさ (noun-from-adj)
jakujōsa (noun-from-adj)
寂静なら (irrealis stem)
じゃくじょうなら (irrealis stem)
zyakuzyounara (irrealis)
寂静に (continuative stem)
寂静なり (continuative stem)
じゃくじょうに (continuative stem)
じゃくじょうなり (continuative stem)
zyakuzyouni (continuative)
zyakuzyounari (continuative)
寂静なり (stem terminative)
じゃくじょうなり (stem terminative)
zyakuzyounari (terminative)
寂静なる (attributive stem)
じゃくじょうなる (attributive stem)
zyakuzyounaru (attributive)
寂静なれ (realis stem)
じゃくじょうなれ (realis stem)
zyakuzyounare (realis)
寂静なれ (imperative stem)
じゃくじょうなれ (imperative stem)
zyakuzyounare (imperative)
寂静ならず (negative)
じゃくじょうならず (negative)
zyakuzyounarazu (negative)
寂静なれど (contrastive)
じゃくじょうなれど (contrastive)
zyakuzyounaredo (contrastive)
寂静なれば (causative)
じゃくじょうなれば (causative)
zyakuzyounareba (causative)
寂静ならば (conditional)
じゃくじょうならば (conditional)
zyakuzyounaraba (conditional)
寂静なりき (past)
じゃくじょうなりき (past)
zyakuzyounariki (past)
寂静なりけり (past)
じゃくじょうなりけり (past)
zyakuzyounarikeri (past)
寂静に (adverbial)
じゃくじょうに (adverbial)
zyakuzyouni (adverbial)

ja-adj-infl

寂静

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

[d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ʑo̞ː]

(Buddhism)
(literary) quiet; tranquil; still


มักกะลีผล

th-noun

มักกะลีผล • (mák-gà-lii-pǒn)

(Buddhist mythology) Nariphon; Makaliporn (a mythical tree which bears fruit in the shape of young 16-year-old girls).

th:มักกะลีผล


यान

yā́na (romanization)
यानम् (nominative singular)
याने (dual nominative)
यानानि (nominative plural)
याना1 (nominative plural)
यान (singular vocative)
याने (dual vocative)
यानानि (plural vocative)
याना1 (plural vocative)
यानम् (accusative singular)
याने (accusative dual)
यानानि (accusative plural)
याना1 (accusative plural)
यानेन (instrumental singular)
यानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यानैः (instrumental plural)
यानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यानाय (dative singular)
यानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यानेभ्यः (dative plural)
यानात् (ablative singular)
यानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यानस्य (genitive singular)
यानयोः (dual genitive)
यानानाम् (genitive plural)
याने (locative singular)
यानयोः (dual locative)
यानेषु (locative plural)

→ Khmer: យាន (yiən, “conveyance”)

desc

→ Kannada: ಯಾನ (yāna, “carriage, vehicle”)

→ Hindi: यान (yān, “carriage, coach”)

→ Malayalam: യാനം (yānaṁ, “carriage, vehicle”)

→ Marathi: यान (yān, “carriage, vehicle”)

desctree

→ Pali: yāna (“conveyance”)
→ Burmese: ယာဉ် (yany, “conveyance”)
→ Shan: ယဵၼ်ႇ (yàen, “conveyance”)
→ Thai: ยาน (yaan, “conveyance”)

desc

→ Tamil: யானம் (yāṉam, “carriage, vehicle”)

→ Telugu: యానము (yānamu, “carriage, vehicle”)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáHnam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *yéh₂-nom, from *yeh₂- (“to go”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *ěxati (“to travel”). The Sanskrit root is या (yā, “to go, proceed”).

(Buddhism) figuratively and metaphorically, the modes or methods of religious practice that "convey" practitioners on "journeys" towards their spiritual goal, normally translated as vehicle


Tenjin

From Japanese 天神 (Tenjin), from 天 (tʰen, “Heaven”) + 神 (ʑiɪn, “deity”, “god”).


Kajin

Borrowed from Japanese 火神 (かじん, Kajin, literally “fire god”).

bor

(Buddhism) Japanese translation for Agni.


prayer wheel

(Buddhism) A rotating cylinder either inscribed with or containing prayers, mainly used by Tibetan Buddhists.


五蘊

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ wɐn³³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ wɐn³³/

Translation of Sanskrit पञ्चस्कन्ध (pañca-skandha).

When the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara was coursing in the deep Prajñāparamitā, He saw that all the five skandhas are empty; thus He overcame all sufferings and ills.

 7th century, Xuanzang (translator), Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra;
Translation from: Zhenji Zhang (1971) Garma C. C. Chang, editor, The Buddhist Teaching of Totality: The Philosophy of Hwa Yen Buddhism, Pennsylvania State University Press, →ISBN, page 65

Guānzìzài Púsà, xíng shēn bōrě bōluómìduō shí, zhào jiàn wǔyùn jiē kōng, dù yīqiè kǔ è.

觀自在菩薩，行深般若波羅蜜多時，照見五蘊皆空，度一切苦厄。

观自在菩萨，行深般若波罗蜜多时，照见五蕴皆空，度一切苦厄。

(Buddhism) the five skandhas (aggregates)


五蘊

From Middle Chinese 五蘊 (MC nguX 'jun), itself a translation of Sanskrit पञ्चस्कन्ध (pañca-skandha) or Pali pañca-khandha.

(Buddhism) the five skandhas (aggregates):

the five skandhas (aggregates):
色 (shiki, “form”)

the five skandhas (aggregates):
受 (ju, “sensations”)

the five skandhas (aggregates):
想 (sō, “perceptions”)

the five skandhas (aggregates):
行 (gyō, “formations/mental activity”)

the five skandhas (aggregates):
識 (shiki, “consciousness”)


tietoinen läsnäolo

tietoinen läsnäolo (nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolot (nominative plural)
tietoinen läsnäolo (accusative nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolot (accusative nominative plural)
tietoisen läsnäolon (accusative genitive singular)
tietoiset läsnäolot (accusative genitive plural)
tietoisen läsnäolon (genitive singular)
tietoisten läsnäolojen (genitive plural)
tietoisien läsnäolojen (genitive plural)
tietoista läsnäoloa (partitive singular)
tietoisia läsnäoloja (partitive plural)
tietoisessa läsnäolossa (inessive singular)
tietoisissa läsnäoloissa (inessive plural)
tietoisesta läsnäolosta (elative singular)
tietoisista läsnäoloista (elative plural)
tietoiseen läsnäoloon (illative singular)
tietoisiin läsnäoloihin (illative plural)
tietoisella läsnäololla (adessive singular)
tietoisilla läsnäoloilla (adessive plural)
tietoiselta läsnäololta (ablative singular)
tietoisilta läsnäoloilta (ablative plural)
tietoiselle läsnäololle (allative singular)
tietoisille läsnäoloille (allative plural)
tietoisena läsnäolona (essive singular)
tietoisina läsnäoloina (essive plural)
tietoiseksi läsnäoloksi (singular translative)
tietoisiksi läsnäoloiksi (plural translative)
tietoisetta läsnäolotta (abessive singular)
tietoisitta läsnäoloitta (abessive plural)
tietoisin läsnäoloin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
tietoinen läsnäoloni (nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäoloni (nominative plural)
tietoinen läsnäoloni (accusative nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäoloni (accusative nominative plural)
tietoisen läsnäoloni (accusative genitive singular)
tietoiset läsnäoloni (accusative genitive plural)
tietoisen läsnäoloni (genitive singular)
tietoisten läsnäolojeni (genitive plural)
tietoisien läsnäolojeni (genitive plural)
tietoista läsnäoloani (partitive singular)
tietoisia läsnäolojani (partitive plural)
tietoisessa läsnäolossani (inessive singular)
tietoisissa läsnäoloissani (inessive plural)
tietoisesta läsnäolostani (elative singular)
tietoisista läsnäoloistani (elative plural)
tietoiseen läsnäolooni (illative singular)
tietoisiin läsnäoloihini (illative plural)
tietoisella läsnäolollani (adessive singular)
tietoisilla läsnäoloillani (adessive plural)
tietoiselta läsnäololtani (ablative singular)
tietoisilta läsnäoloiltani (ablative plural)
tietoiselle läsnäololleni (allative singular)
tietoisille läsnäoloilleni (allative plural)
tietoisena läsnäolonani (essive singular)
tietoisina läsnäoloinani (essive plural)
tietoiseksi läsnäolokseni (singular translative)
tietoisiksi läsnäoloikseni (plural translative)
tietoisetta läsnäolottani (abessive singular)
tietoisitta läsnäoloittani (abessive plural)
tietoisine läsnäoloineni (comitative plural)
tietoinen läsnäolosi (nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolosi (nominative plural)
tietoinen läsnäolosi (accusative nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolosi (accusative nominative plural)
tietoisen läsnäolosi (accusative genitive singular)
tietoiset läsnäolosi (accusative genitive plural)
tietoisen läsnäolosi (genitive singular)
tietoisten läsnäolojesi (genitive plural)
tietoisien läsnäolojesi (genitive plural)
tietoista läsnäoloasi (partitive singular)
tietoisia läsnäolojasi (partitive plural)
tietoisessa läsnäolossasi (inessive singular)
tietoisissa läsnäoloissasi (inessive plural)
tietoisesta läsnäolostasi (elative singular)
tietoisista läsnäoloistasi (elative plural)
tietoiseen läsnäoloosi (illative singular)
tietoisiin läsnäoloihisi (illative plural)
tietoisella läsnäolollasi (adessive singular)
tietoisilla läsnäoloillasi (adessive plural)
tietoiselta läsnäololtasi (ablative singular)
tietoisilta läsnäoloiltasi (ablative plural)
tietoiselle läsnäolollesi (allative singular)
tietoisille läsnäoloillesi (allative plural)
tietoisena läsnäolonasi (essive singular)
tietoisina läsnäoloinasi (essive plural)
tietoiseksi läsnäoloksesi (singular translative)
tietoisiksi läsnäoloiksesi (plural translative)
tietoisetta läsnäolottasi (abessive singular)
tietoisitta läsnäoloittasi (abessive plural)
tietoisine läsnäoloinesi (comitative plural)
tietoinen läsnäolomme (nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolomme (nominative plural)
tietoinen läsnäolomme (accusative nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolomme (accusative nominative plural)
tietoisen läsnäolomme (accusative genitive singular)
tietoiset läsnäolomme (accusative genitive plural)
tietoisen läsnäolomme (genitive singular)
tietoisten läsnäolojemme (genitive plural)
tietoisien läsnäolojemme (genitive plural)
tietoista läsnäoloamme (partitive singular)
tietoisia läsnäolojamme (partitive plural)
tietoisessa läsnäolossamme (inessive singular)
tietoisissa läsnäoloissamme (inessive plural)
tietoisesta läsnäolostamme (elative singular)
tietoisista läsnäoloistamme (elative plural)
tietoiseen läsnäoloomme (illative singular)
tietoisiin läsnäoloihimme (illative plural)
tietoisella läsnäolollamme (adessive singular)
tietoisilla läsnäoloillamme (adessive plural)
tietoiselta läsnäololtamme (ablative singular)
tietoisilta läsnäoloiltamme (ablative plural)
tietoiselle läsnäolollemme (allative singular)
tietoisille läsnäoloillemme (allative plural)
tietoisena läsnäolonamme (essive singular)
tietoisina läsnäoloinamme (essive plural)
tietoiseksi läsnäoloksemme (singular translative)
tietoisiksi läsnäoloiksemme (plural translative)
tietoisetta läsnäolottamme (abessive singular)
tietoisitta läsnäoloittamme (abessive plural)
tietoisine läsnäoloinemme (comitative plural)
tietoinen läsnäolonne (nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolonne (nominative plural)
tietoinen läsnäolonne (accusative nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolonne (accusative nominative plural)
tietoisen läsnäolonne (accusative genitive singular)
tietoiset läsnäolonne (accusative genitive plural)
tietoisen läsnäolonne (genitive singular)
tietoisten läsnäolojenne (genitive plural)
tietoisien läsnäolojenne (genitive plural)
tietoista läsnäoloanne (partitive singular)
tietoisia läsnäolojanne (partitive plural)
tietoisessa läsnäolossanne (inessive singular)
tietoisissa läsnäoloissanne (inessive plural)
tietoisesta läsnäolostanne (elative singular)
tietoisista läsnäoloistanne (elative plural)
tietoiseen läsnäoloonne (illative singular)
tietoisiin läsnäoloihinne (illative plural)
tietoisella läsnäolollanne (adessive singular)
tietoisilla läsnäoloillanne (adessive plural)
tietoiselta läsnäololtanne (ablative singular)
tietoisilta läsnäoloiltanne (ablative plural)
tietoiselle läsnäolollenne (allative singular)
tietoisille läsnäoloillenne (allative plural)
tietoisena läsnäolonanne (essive singular)
tietoisina läsnäoloinanne (essive plural)
tietoiseksi läsnäoloksenne (singular translative)
tietoisiksi läsnäoloiksenne (plural translative)
tietoisetta läsnäolottanne (abessive singular)
tietoisitta läsnäoloittanne (abessive plural)
tietoisine läsnäoloinenne (comitative plural)
tietoinen läsnäolonsa (nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolonsa (nominative plural)
tietoinen läsnäolonsa (accusative nominative singular)
tietoiset läsnäolonsa (accusative nominative plural)
tietoisen läsnäolonsa (accusative genitive singular)
tietoiset läsnäolonsa (accusative genitive plural)
tietoisen läsnäolonsa (genitive singular)
tietoisten läsnäolojensa (genitive plural)
tietoisien läsnäolojensa (genitive plural)
tietoista läsnäoloaan (partitive singular)
tietoista läsnäoloansa (partitive singular)
tietoisia läsnäolojaan (partitive plural)
tietoisia läsnäolojansa (partitive plural)
tietoisessa läsnäolossaan (inessive singular)
tietoisessa läsnäolossansa (inessive singular)
tietoisissa läsnäoloissaan (inessive plural)
tietoisissa läsnäoloissansa (inessive plural)
tietoisesta läsnäolostaan (elative singular)
tietoisesta läsnäolostansa (elative singular)
tietoisista läsnäoloistaan (elative plural)
tietoisista läsnäoloistansa (elative plural)
tietoiseen läsnäoloonsa (illative singular)
tietoisiin läsnäoloihinsa (illative plural)
tietoisella läsnäolollaan (adessive singular)
tietoisella läsnäolollansa (adessive singular)
tietoisilla läsnäoloillaan (adessive plural)
tietoisilla läsnäoloillansa (adessive plural)
tietoiselta läsnäololtaan (ablative singular)
tietoiselta läsnäololtansa (ablative singular)
tietoisilta läsnäoloiltaan (ablative plural)
tietoisilta läsnäoloiltansa (ablative plural)
tietoiselle läsnäololleen (allative singular)
tietoiselle läsnäolollensa (allative singular)
tietoisille läsnäoloilleen (allative plural)
tietoisille läsnäoloillensa (allative plural)
tietoisena läsnäolonaan (essive singular)
tietoisena läsnäolonansa (essive singular)
tietoisina läsnäoloinaan (essive plural)
tietoisina läsnäoloinansa (essive plural)
tietoiseksi läsnäolokseen (singular translative)
tietoiseksi läsnäoloksensa (singular translative)
tietoisiksi läsnäoloikseen (plural translative)
tietoisiksi läsnäoloiksensa (plural translative)
tietoisetta läsnäolottaan (abessive singular)
tietoisetta läsnäolottansa (abessive singular)
tietoisitta läsnäoloittaan (abessive plural)
tietoisitta läsnäoloittansa (abessive plural)
tietoisine läsnäoloineen (comitative plural)
tietoisine läsnäoloinensa (comitative plural)


buddysta

pl-noun

buddysta m pers (female equivalent buddystka)

buddystka (feminine)
buddysta (nominative singular)
buddyści (nominative plural)
buddysty (derogatory nominative plural)
buddysty (genitive singular)
buddystów (genitive plural)
buddyście (dative singular)
buddystom (dative plural)
buddystę (accusative singular)
buddystów (accusative plural)
buddystą (instrumental singular)
buddystami (instrumental plural)
buddyście (locative singular)
buddystach (locative plural)
buddysto (singular vocative)
buddyści (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Buddhist, French bouddhiste, German Buddhist. By surface analysis, Budda + -ysta.

(Buddhism) Buddhist (practitioner of Buddhism)


buddyjski

pl-adj

buddyjski (not comparable, no derived adverb)

buddyjski (masculine nominative singular)
buddyjska (feminine nominative singular)
buddyjskie (neuter nominative singular)
buddyjscy (nominative plural virile)
buddyjskie (nominative plural)
buddyjskiego (genitive masculine singular)
buddyjskiej (feminine genitive singular)
buddyjskiego (genitive neuter singular)
buddyjskich (genitive plural)
buddyjskich (genitive plural virile)
buddyjskiemu (dative masculine singular)
buddyjskiej (dative feminine singular)
buddyjskiemu (dative neuter singular)
buddyjskim (dative plural)
buddyjskim (dative plural virile)
buddyjskiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
buddyjski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
buddyjską (accusative feminine singular)
buddyjskie (accusative neuter singular)
buddyjskich (accusative plural virile)
buddyjskie (accusative plural)
buddyjskim (instrumental masculine singular)
buddyjską (feminine instrumental singular)
buddyjskim (instrumental neuter singular)
buddyjskimi (instrumental plural)
buddyjskimi (instrumental plural virile)
buddyjskim (locative masculine singular)
buddyjskiej (feminine locative singular)
buddyjskim (locative neuter singular)
buddyjskich (locative plural)
buddyjskich (locative plural virile)

(Buddhism, relational) Buddhist (of, relating to, or practicing Buddhism)


เณร

neen (romanization)
รูป (classifier)
องค์ (classifier)

Clipping of สามเณร (sǎam-má-neen), from Pali sāmaṇera.

ศีล ๑๐
ศีล ๑๐#Thai

ภิกษุ ภิกษุ#Thai

ศีล ๒๒๗
ศีล ๒๒๗#Thai

(Buddhism and colloquial) a Buddhist novice, that is, an ordained male who merely adheres to ศีล ๑๐ (sǐil 10), or the ten precepts, as opposed to ภิกษุ (pík-sù), or a monk, who adheres to ศีล ๒๒๗ (sǐil 227), or the 227 precepts.


สามเณร

th-noun

สามเณร • (sǎam-má-neen) (classifier ตน or รูป or องค์)

sǎam-má-neen (romanization)
ตน (classifier)
รูป (classifier)
องค์ (classifier)

From Pali sāmaṇera (“novice”); perhaps via Angkorian Old Khmer sāmaṇera (“novice monk”). Compare Old Khmer sāmanera, samnera, saṃnera, saṃṇera, saṃmnera, saṃnœra, saṃmnœra, srāmanera; Modern Khmer សាមណេរ (saamaʼnee); Sanskrit श्रामणेर (śrāmaṇera).

der

ภิกษุ ภิกษุ#Thai

(Buddhism) sāmaṇera: ordained male who merely observes 10 precepts, as opposed to ภิกษุ (pík-sù) who observes 227 precepts.


โพธิสัตว์

th-noun

โพธิสัตว์ • (poo-tí-sàt) (classifier พระองค์ or องค์)

poo-tí-sàt (romanization)
พระองค์ (classifier)
องค์ (classifier)

From Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “bodhisattva”, literally “enlightened being”), from बोधि (bodhi, “enlightened; enlightened intellect”) + सत्त्व (sattva, “being; creature”); possibly via Old Khmer bodhisatva (“idem”); equivalent to Thai โพธิ + สัตว์ (sàt). Cognate with Modern Khmer ពោធិសត្វ (poothisat); Lao ໂພທິສັດ (phō thi sat).

com

โพธิ + สัตว์ (sàt)

พระ พระ#Thai


สัญญา

From Pali saññā (“motion; perception; sign; etc”); perhaps via Old Khmer saṃñā (“mark, sign; recognition; agreement, consent”).
Cognate with Khmer សន្យា (sɑnyaa), Lao ສັນຍາ (san nyā), Northern Thai ᩈᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ.

bor

ขันธ์ ขันธ์#Thai

รูป รูป#Thai

เวทนา เวทนา#Thai

สังขาร สังขาร#Thai

วิญญาณ วิญญาณ#Thai

(Buddhism) perception or recognition, being one of the five ขันธ์ (“aggregates”) that constitute a sentient being; the other four being รูป (rûup, “form”), เวทนา (wee-tá-naa, “sensation”), สังขาร (sǎng-kǎan, “impulse”), and วิญญาณ (win-yaan, “consciousness”).


यक्ष

yakṣá (romanization)
यक्षम् (nominative singular)
यक्षे (dual nominative)
यक्षाणि (nominative plural)
यक्षा1 (nominative plural)
यक्ष (singular vocative)
यक्षे (dual vocative)
यक्षाणि (plural vocative)
यक्षा1 (plural vocative)
यक्षम् (accusative singular)
यक्षे (accusative dual)
यक्षाणि (accusative plural)
यक्षा1 (accusative plural)
यक्षेण (instrumental singular)
यक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यक्षैः (instrumental plural)
यक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यक्षाय (dative singular)
यक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
यक्षात् (ablative singular)
यक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यक्षस्य (genitive singular)
यक्षयोः (dual genitive)
यक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
यक्षे (locative singular)
यक्षयोः (dual locative)
यक्षेषु (locative plural)

From the root यक्ष् (yakṣ, “to appear, show oneself”), related to Persian نشان (nešân, “sign, mark”); see there for more on the Indo-Iranian root.
Various other proposals have been suggested, such as an s-extension of यजति (yajati, “to worship; to sacrifice”), or a connection to याशु (yāśu, “sexual effusion, embrace”); these are phonetically and/or semantically unconvincing.

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a yaksha; a supernatural being, spiritual apparition, spirit, ghost


本尊

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (本尊):
* → Japanese: 本尊(ほんぞん) (honzon)
* → Korean: 본존(本尊) (bonjon)

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) the idol or other main object of worship at a temple; the principal image; yidam


礼拝

ja-noun

礼(らい)拝(はい) • (raihai) ^(←らいはい (raifai)?)

礼拝 (canonical)
raihai (romanization)
raifai (romanization)
らいはい (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) divine worship, religious service


礼拝

礼拝する (canonical)
raihai suru (romanization)
raifai (romanization)
礼拝し (stem)
礼拝した (past)
礼拝し
らいはいし
raihai shi
礼拝する
らいはいする
raihai suru
礼拝すれ
らいはいすれ
raihai sure
礼拝せよ (imperative literary)
礼拝しろ (colloquial imperative)
らいはいせよ (imperative literary)
らいはいしろ (colloquial imperative)
raihai seyo (imperative literary)
raihai shiro (colloquial imperative)
礼拝される (passive)
らいはいされる (passive)
raihai sareru (passive)
礼拝させる (causative)
礼拝さす (causative)
らいはいさせる (causative)
らいはいさす (causative)
raihai saseru (causative)
raihai sasu (causative)
礼拝できる (potential)
らいはいできる (potential)
raihai dekiru (potential)
礼拝しよう (volitional)
らいはいしよう (volitional)
raihai shiyō (volitional)
礼拝しない (negative)
らいはいしない (negative)
raihai shinai (negative)
礼拝せず (continuative negative)
らいはいせず (continuative negative)
raihai sezu (continuative negative)
礼拝します (formal)
らいはいします (formal)
raihai shimasu (formal)
礼拝した (perfective)
らいはいした (perfective)
raihai shita (perfective)
礼拝して (conjunctive)
らいはいして (conjunctive)
raihai shite (conjunctive)
礼拝すれば (conditional hypothetical)
らいはいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
raihai sureba (conditional hypothetical)


prajnaparamita

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता (prajñāpāramitā).

bor

प्रज्ञापारमिता

(Buddhism) A central concept in Mahayana Buddhism, suggesting that all things appear as thoughtforms (conceptual constructs).


prajna

/ˈpɹɑːd͡ʒnə/

(Buddhism) Wisdom; understanding; insight.

ပညာ

(Buddhism) wisdom; understanding; insight


སྡུག་བསྔལ

/tu˩˨.ŋɛː˥˥/


སྡུག་བསྔལ་བརྒྱད

སྡུག་བསྔལ (sdug bsngal) + བརྒྱད (brgyad)

compound

(Buddhism) the "eight sufferings" (Dukkha#Eight types)


聖母

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³/

/siɪŋ³¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹²⁻⁴⁴ bio⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɤ⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bu⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bɔ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bo⁵³/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ bo⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³/

/siɪŋ³¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹²⁻⁴⁴ bio⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɤ⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bu⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bɔ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bo⁵³/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ bo⁵²⁻²¹/

Kṣitigarbha replied: "Holy Mother! Please listen and I shall roughly explain that [matter]."

The Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra

Dìcáng dá yán: “Shèngmǔ! Wéi yuàn tīng shòu, wǒ cū shuō zhī.”

地藏答言：「聖母！唯願聽受，我粗說之。」

地藏答言：「圣母！唯愿听受，我粗说之。」

(Buddhism) Lady Maya, mother of the Buddha


parikrama

en-noun

parikrama (countable and uncountable, plural parikramas)

(Buddhism, Hinduism) The circumambulation of a sacred place.


大黒天

大黒天 (canonical)
Daikokuten (romanization)

Middle Chinese 大黑天 (literally “Great Black Deva”)

der

(Buddhism, Shinto) Daikokuten, Japanese name for the Buddhist god Mahākāla

恵比須

god of fishers or merchants, often depicted carrying a sea bream.

布袋

the fat and happy god of abundance and good health.

弁才天

The Japanese name for the Hindu and Buddhist goddess Saraswati. The goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers.

吉祥天

the goddess of happiness, charm and beauty, of fertility, nature, and of human creativity, and the patronesses of joy, amusement and festivities.


大黑天

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大黑天):
* → Japanese: 大黒天(だいこくてん) (Daikokuten)
* → Korean: 대흑천(大黑天) (Daeheukcheon)
* → Vietnamese: Đại Hắc Thiên (大黑天)

Calque of Sanskrit महाकाल (mahākāla, literally “Great Time”). Compare Tibetan ནག་པོ་ཆེན་པོ (nag po chen po, literally “Great Black One”).

cog

ནག་པོ་ཆེན་པོ

/tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɐk̚⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɐk̚⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/


懈怠

From Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛ^X doi^X, literally “idle + negligent”). A mixed reading, so likely a later development within Japanese. Uses the goon of ke for the first half, and the kan'on of tai for the second half.

(Buddhism) spiritual slothfulness: kausidya


懈怠

From Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛ^X doi^X, literally “idle + negligent”). The goon, so likely the original borrowing.


Pancasila

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पञ्चशील (pañcaśīla), पञ्च (pañca, “five”) + शील (śīla, “principle”). By surface analysis, panca- + sila.


分段

Attested from at least the 12th century.

(Buddhism) abbreviation of 分段生死 (“death and rebirth; reincarnation”), 分段身 (“one who is reincarnated”), or 分段同居 (“the present world, world of the living”)


法輪

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (法輪):
* → Japanese: 法輪(ほうりん) (hōrin)
* → Korean: 법륜(法輪) (beomnyun)
* → Vietnamese: pháp luân (法輪)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃uŋ⁵³/

/haʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ lɔŋ¹³/

/haʔ²⁻²⁴ luoŋ¹³/

/faʔ³³ lən⁴⁴/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃uŋ⁵³/

/haʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ lɔŋ¹³/

/haʔ²⁻²⁴ luoŋ¹³/

/faʔ³³ lən⁴⁴/

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मचक्र (dharmacakra, “wheel or range of the law”) or Pali dhammacakka (“wheel of the law”). Tibetan equivalent is ཆོས་འཁོར (chos 'khor).

calque

法輪常轉

法轮常转

(Buddhism) dharmachakra; wheel of the dharma (law); the eternal wheel of life


法輪

ja-noun

法(ほう)輪(りん) • (hōrin) ^(←ほふりん (fofurin)?)

法輪 (canonical)
hōrin (romanization)
fofurin (romanization)
ほふりん (hiragana historical)

/popu rin/ → /ɸoɸurin/ → /hoːrin/
From Middle Chinese 法輪 (MC pjop lwin), itself a translation of Sanskrit धर्मचक्र (dharmacakra).

(Buddhism) dharmachakra: the wheel of dharma


釋義

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jiː²²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi²²/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi³³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi²²/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ ŋi³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jiː²²/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi²²/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi³³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡi²²/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ ŋi³⁵/


五體投地

five body parts (both hands/elbows, both knees and head) touching the ground

ㄨˇ ㄊㄧˇ ㄊㄡˊ ㄉㄧˋ

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ tʰɐi̯³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹ tei̯²²/

/ŋ̍²² tʰi³³ dɤ³³ di²³/

/u³³ tʰi³³ dɤ³³ di²³/

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ tʰɐi̯³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹ tei̯²²/

/ŋ̍²² tʰi³³ dɤ³³ di²³/

/u³³ tʰi³³ dɤ³³ di²³/

(Buddhism) to prostrate oneself (as the highest form of worship)


僧家

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/


僧家

(Buddhism) residence of a Buddhist monk or priest


大悲咒

/tä⁵¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² pei̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯³³/

/tä⁵¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² pei̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯³³/

(Buddhism) Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī, the Great Compassion Mantra


往生咒

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

(Buddhism) Mantra for Rebirth in the Pure Land (chant in Pure Land Buddhism)


thusness

en-noun

thusness (countable and uncountable, plural thusnesses)

(philosophy, chiefly Buddhism) The state of things being as they are.


carma

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) karma (the total effect of a person’s actions and conduct during the successive phases of his existence)


不動明王

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ

Будун Минван

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit अचलनाथ विद्याराज (acalanātha vidyārāja).

cal

अचलनाथ विद्याराज

(Buddhism) Acala अचल (acala), a deity associated with Vajrayana Buddhism.


不動明王

ja-pos

不(ふ)動(どう)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Fudō Myōō)

不動明王 (canonical)
Fudō Myōō (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟do̞ː mʲo̞ːo̞ː]

(religion, Buddhism) a guardian deity primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism as the principal of the Five Wisdom Kings, known outside of Japan by his Sanskrit name, अचल (acala)


降三世明王

降(ごう)三(ざん)世(ぜ)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Gōzanze Myōō)

降三世明王 (canonical)
Gōzanze Myōō (romanization)

(religion, Buddhism) Trailokyavijaya, the Wisdom King of the east, primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism


軍荼利明王

軍(ぐん)荼(だ)利(り)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Gundari Myōō)

軍荼利明王 (canonical)
Gundari Myōō (romanization)

(religion, Buddhism) Gundari Myōō, the Japanese name for Kuṇḍali, the Wisdom King of the South, primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism, in Japan, China and elsewhere.


大威德明王

だい.いとく みょうおう

大(だい)威(い)德(とく)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Daiitoku Myōō)

大威德明王 (canonical)
Daiitoku Myōō (romanization)

(religion, Buddhism) Daiitoku Myōō, the Japanese name for Yamantaka, the Wisdom King of the West, primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism, in Japan, China and elsewhere.


金剛夜叉明王

こんごう やしゃ みょうおう

金(こん)剛(ごう)夜(や)叉(しゃ)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Kongō Yasha Myōō)

金剛夜叉明王 (canonical)
Kongō Yasha Myōō (romanization)

(religion, Buddhism) Kongo Yasha Myōō, the Japanese name for Vajrayaksa, the Wisdom King of the North, primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism, in Japan, China and elsewhere.


七福神

七福神 (canonical)
Shichi Fukujin (romanization)

(Shinto, Buddhism) the Seven Gods of Good Fortune


明王

ja-r

明王(みょうおう) (myōō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (明王):
* → Japanese: 明王(みょうおう) (myōō)
* → Korean: 명왕(明王) (myeong'wang)

/miŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/miŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

From a calque of Sanskrit विद्याराज (vidyārāja, “knowledge king”).

calque

(Buddhism) a Wisdom King in Vajrayana Buddhism


明王

ja-noun

明(みょう)王(おう) • (myōō)

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
From Middle Chinese 明王 (*miæng *hiuɑng, literally “wisdom king”), itself a calque from Sanskrit विद्याराज (vidyārāja, “knowledge king”).

五大明王

五大明王 ごだいみょうおう

Also called a Guardian King.

(Buddhism) Short for 五大明王 (Go Dai Myōō, “the Five Wisdom Kings”).

(Buddhism) by extension, more specifically refers to 不動明王 (Fudō Myōō), the central figure of the Five Wisdom Kings


毘沙門天

毘沙門天 (canonical)
Bishamonten (romanization)

[bʲiɕa̠mõ̞ntẽ̞ɴ]

Ultimately from Sanskrit वैश्रवण (vaiśravaṇa).
Appears to be 毘沙門 (Bishamon, “Vaiśravaṇa”) + 天 (-ten, “deva”).
Alternatively, may have been borrowed from Chinese with the suffix already included.

suffix

(Buddhism): the Japanese name for the Hindu god Vaiśravaṇa: a punisher of evildoers, and one of the seven gods of luck

Bishamonten
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Vaiśravaṇa
ja:松村明
ja:毘沙門天

大黒

the god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikoku are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops.

弁才天

The Japanese name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati. The goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers.


梵唄

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (梵唄):
* → Japanese: 梵唄(ぼんばい) (bonbai)
* → Korean: 범패(梵唄) (beompae)

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹/

/fän³⁵ paɪ̯⁵¹/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹/

/fän³⁵ paɪ̯⁵¹/


造孽

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sau²¹³ nʲiɛ²¹/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚¹²¹/

/t͡so²² ɡiɛt̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰɒu̯⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡sɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/d͡zɤ¹¹ ni³⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sau²¹³ nʲiɛ²¹/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚¹²¹/

/t͡so²² ɡiɛt̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰɒu̯⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡sɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/d͡zɤ¹¹ ni³⁵/


西天

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/

(Buddhism) the western skies; ancient India


禪定

Sino-Xenic (禪定):
* → Japanese: 禅(ぜん)定(じょう) (zenjō)
* → Korean: 선정(禪定) (seonjeong)
* → Vietnamese: thiền định (禪定)

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/siːm²¹ tɪŋ²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/siːm²¹ tɪŋ²²/

Clipping of Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna) + Chinese 定 (dìng).


念經

→ Indonesian: liam keng

/ni̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/niːm²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲiɛn¹¹ t͡ɕin⁴²/

/nie⁴⁵ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/nˡɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/

/niɛŋ²¹ kiŋ⁵³³/

/liam²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/liam⁴¹⁻²² kiɪŋ³³/

/liam²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/liam³³⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/liam³³⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲie²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕin³³/

/ni̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/niːm²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲiɛn¹¹ t͡ɕin⁴²/

/nie⁴⁵ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/nˡɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/

/niɛŋ²¹ kiŋ⁵³³/

/liam²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/liam⁴¹⁻²² kiɪŋ³³/

/liam²²⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/liam³³⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/liam³³⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲie²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕin³³/


သာမဏေ

Borrowed from Pali sāmaṇera, from Sanskrit श्रामणेर (śrāmaṇera).


श्रामणेर

hi-noun

श्रामणेर • (śrāmṇer) m

śrāmṇer (romanization)
श्रामणेर (direct singular)
श्रामणेर (direct plural)
श्रामणेर (oblique singular)
श्रामणेरों (oblique plural)
श्रामणेर (singular vocative)
श्रामणेरो (plural vocative)

/ʃɾɑːm.ɳeːɾ/

[ʃɾä̃ːm.ɳeːɾ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit श्रामणेर (śrāmaṇera).


ngũ uẩn

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ ʔwən˧˩]

[ŋʊw˧˨ ʔwəŋ˧˨]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ (ʔ)wəŋ˨˩˦]


samjna

(Buddhism) perception, cognition, conceptualization.


ព្រហ្មវិហារ

km-noun

ព្រហ្មវិហារ • (prum vihiə)

From Pali brahma (“Brahma”) + vihāra (“abode”), equivalent to ព្រហ្ម (prum) + វិហារ (vihiə). Cognate with Thai พรหมวิหาร (prom-wí-hǎan).

មេត្តា មេត្តា#Khmer

(Buddhism) the name of the four virtues that are practiced by brahmas and that one who wants to be as pure as a brahma should practice, namely:

មេត្តា (meittaa): benevolence, loving kindness

ករុណា ករុណា#Khmer

មុទិតា មុទិតា#Khmer

ឧបេក្ខា ឧបេក្ខា#Khmer


變現

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pieŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hiŋ¹¹/

/piaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hiŋ¹¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pieŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hiŋ¹¹/

/piaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hiŋ¹¹/

Having chanted thus, the king arranged depictions on either side of the road, illustrating the myriad embodiments from the five hundred former lives prior to Buddhahood, including Sudana (Vessantara), Samaka (Syama), the king of elephants, a deer and a horse.

Rúshì chàng yǐ, wáng biàn jiādào liǎngbiān, zuò púsà wǔbǎi shēn yǐlái zhǒngzhǒng biànxiàn, huò zuò Xūdàná, huò zuò Shǎn biàn, huò zuò xiàngwáng, huò zuò lù, mǎ.

如是唱已，王便夾道兩邊，作菩薩五百身已來種種變現，或作須大拏，或作睒變，或作象王，或作鹿、馬。

如是唱已，王便夹道两边，作菩萨五百身已来种种变现，或作须大拏，或作睒变，或作象王，或作鹿、马。

(Buddhism, obsolete) incarnation; embodiment


โบสถ์

th-noun

โบสถ์ • (bòot) (classifier โบสถ์ or หลัง or แห่ง)

bòot (romanization)
โบสถ์ (classifier)
หลัง (classifier)
แห่ง (classifier)

A contraction of อุโบสถ (ù-boo-sòt), from Pali uposatha. Compare Lao ໂບດ (bōt).

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
Wat Benchamabophit

สีมา สีมา#Thai

(Buddhism) monastic auditorium marked by boundary stones called สีมา (sǐi-maa), occupied by priests for conduct of religious services, as ordination, recital of Prātimokṣa, etc.


mahā

From Sanskrit महा (mahā́), form of महत् (mahát, “great, big, high”) used in compounds.

The Tantra of Secret Essence is the ati of mahā, which is the same as the mahā of ati in terms of three divisions of the great perfection.

2009, Jamgon Mipham, Luminous Essence: A Guide to the Guhyagarbha Tantra, page 5:

(Buddhism) one of the three vehicles of mastery in means to achieve liberation


摩羯

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ kʰiːt̚³/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ kʰiːt̚³/

/mɔ̃²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²/


오락

Sino-Korean word from 五樂, from 五 (“five”) + 樂 (“pleasure”).


शील

śī́la (romanization)
शीलम् (nominative singular)
शीले (dual nominative)
शीलानि (nominative plural)
शील (singular vocative)
शीले (dual vocative)
शीलानि (plural vocative)
शीलम् (accusative singular)
शीले (accusative dual)
शीलानि (accusative plural)
शीलेन (instrumental singular)
शीलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शीलैः (instrumental plural)
शीलाय (dative singular)
शीलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शीलेभ्यः (dative plural)
शीलात् (ablative singular)
शीलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शीलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शीलस्य (genitive singular)
शीलयोः (dual genitive)
शीलानाम् (genitive plural)
शीले (locative singular)
शीलयोः (dual locative)
शीलेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">शील</i>

Javanese: ꦯꦷꦭ (shīla)

→ Malay: sila (learned)

Indonesian: sila

desctree

→ Old Javanese: śīla (“moral character; action, conduct”)
→ Balinese: ᬰᬶᬮ (sila, “conduct”)

Pali: sīla
→ Burmese: သီလ (sila.)
→ Khmer: សីល (səl)
→ Lao: ສິນ (sin)
→ Lü: ᦉᦲᧃ (ṡiin)
→ Northern Thai: ᩈᩦ᩠ᩃ
→ Shan: သီႇလႃႉ (sìi lâ̰a), သိၼ် (sǐn)
→ Sinhalese: සීල (sīla)
→ Thai: สีล (sǐil)

→ Thai: ศีล (sǐin) (learned)

Probably a derivative of शी (śī, “to lie down, rest”), with semantic interpretation as "that (such as morals, customs, and personal philosophy) which rests (firmly or unchangingly) within someone". "the moral ways that rest (within a person or society)".


盂蘭盆

/y³⁵ län³⁵ pʰən³⁵/

/jyː²¹ laːn²¹ pʰuːn²¹/

/y³⁵ län³⁵ pʰən³⁵/

/jyː²¹ laːn²¹ pʰuːn²¹/

Commonly thought to have been derived from Sanskrit उल्लम्बन (ullambana, “hanging upside down”), a word that was sparsely, if at all, attested (Ashikaga, 1951).
Alternatively, Junjirō Takakusu (apud Ashikaga, 1951) propounded that the origin was in fact Pali ullumbana, a colloquial corruption of Pali ullumpana (“raising up; saving; helping”), and that the etymology was mistakenly attributed to Sanskrit.
The second sense is a result of rebracketing of the word as 盂蘭 + 盆 (“basin”).

cog

(Buddhism) helping hungry ghosts who are suffering by offering them food


merit field

A translation of Tibetan ཚོགས་ཞིང (tshogs zhing, “field of merit”).

cal

(Tibetan Buddhism) a pictorial representation, usually represented on a thangka, of the triratna and lama for the purpose of veneration when taking Refuge.


少林寺

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/siːu̯³³ lɐm²¹ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/siau²¹⁻⁵³ lim²⁴⁻²² si²²/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² si⁴¹/

/siau²¹⁻⁵³ lim¹³⁻²² si²²/

/siau¹¹⁻⁵³ lim²⁴⁻¹¹ si³³/

/siau²¹⁻⁴¹ lim²³⁻³³ si³³/

/sɔ³³ lin⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/siːu̯³³ lɐm²¹ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/siau²¹⁻⁵³ lim²⁴⁻²² si²²/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² si⁴¹/

/siau²¹⁻⁵³ lim¹³⁻²² si²²/

/siau¹¹⁻⁵³ lim²⁴⁻¹¹ si³³/

/siau²¹⁻⁴¹ lim²³⁻³³ si³³/

/sɔ³³ lin⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/


少林寺

ja-pos

少(しょう)林(りん)寺(じ) • (Shōrinji) ^(←せうりんじ (Seurinzi)?)

少林寺 (canonical)
Shōrinji (romanization)
Seurinzi (romanization)
せうりんじ (hiragana historical)

From 少林 (Shōrin, “Shaolin”, literally “small forest”) + 寺 (-ji, “Buddhist temple”).
Compare Mandarin 少林寺 (Shàolínsì).

suffix

(Buddhism) the Shaolin Monastery in central China

(Buddhism) any of the other temples named Shōrin in Japan


孽障

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/niə²⁴ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/

/jiːp̚² t͡sœːŋ³³/

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/niə²⁴ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/

/jiːp̚² t͡sœːŋ³³/

(Buddhism) retribution for the sins of a previous life


彈指

/tʰän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːn²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tan²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/tan²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/tan¹³⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/tʰän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːn²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tan²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/tan²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/tan¹³⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

(obsolete, Buddhism, archaic) small unit of time (depending on source, either 7.2 or 0.25 seconds long)


機緣

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn¹³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²³/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² iɛn¹³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ iɛn²³/


轉世

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡syːn³⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡syːn³⁵ sɐi̯³³/

(Buddhism) to reincarnate; to transmigrate


轉世

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡syːn³⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡syːn³⁵ sɐi̯³³/


pratyekabuddha

(Buddhism) One who achieves enlightenment alone, without a teacher or guide.


十戒

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² kaːi̯³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ ka²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² kaːi̯³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ ka²³/


十戒

ja-noun

十(じっ)戒(かい) or 十(じゅっ)戒(かい) • (jikkai or jukkai)

十戒 (canonical)
十戒 (canonical)
jikkai (romanization)
jukkai (romanization)

(Buddhism) the Ten Precepts/Commandments (ten things not to do as a Buddhist)


宗主

Probably from Middle Chinese compound 宗主 (tsowng tsyu^X, literally “clan master, lineage chief”).

宗主国

a suzerain state, a country that holds dominion over and demands fealty from other countries

(Buddhism, religion) a funerary tablet, especially one at Ise Shrine for the imperial family


布施

/pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ si⁴⁴/

/pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ si⁴⁴/

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) to practice dana


布施

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (布施):
* → Japanese: 布施(ふせ) (fuse)
* → Korean: 보시(布施) (bosi)

/pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ si⁴⁴/

/pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ si⁴⁴/


布施

布施 (canonical)
fuse (romanization)
ふせ (hiragana historical)

Calque of Sanskrit दान (dāna, “generosity, giving”). Compare 檀那 (danna).


布施

布施する (canonical)
布施し (stem)
布施した (past)
布施し
ふせし
fuse shi
布施する
ふせする
fuse suru
布施すれ
ふせすれ
fuse sure
布施せよ (imperative literary)
布施しろ (colloquial imperative)
ふせせよ (imperative literary)
ふせしろ (colloquial imperative)
fuse seyo (imperative literary)
fuse shiro (colloquial imperative)
布施される (passive)
ふせされる (passive)
fuse sareru (passive)
布施させる (causative)
布施さす (causative)
ふせさせる (causative)
ふせさす (causative)
fuse saseru (causative)
fuse sasu (causative)
布施できる (potential)
ふせできる (potential)
fuse dekiru (potential)
布施しよう (volitional)
ふせしよう (volitional)
fuse shiyō (volitional)
布施しない (negative)
ふせしない (negative)
fuse shinai (negative)
布施せず (continuative negative)
ふせせず (continuative negative)
fuse sezu (continuative negative)
布施します (formal)
ふせします (formal)
fuse shimasu (formal)
布施した (perfective)
ふせした (perfective)
fuse shita (perfective)
布施して (conjunctive)
ふせして (conjunctive)
fuse shite (conjunctive)
布施すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ふせすれば (conditional hypothetical)
fuse sureba (conditional hypothetical)


vipassana

Transliteration of Pali vipassanā, from Sanskrit विपश्यना (vipaśyanā).

three marks of existence
three marks of existence

(Buddhism) Insight into the true nature of reality, namely as the three marks of existence: impermanence, suffering or unsatisfactoriness, and the realisation of nonself.


有性

有性 (canonical)
ushō (romanization)
usyau (romanization)
うしやう (hiragana historical)


香客

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ haːk̚³/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰeʔ³²/

/hiũ³³ kʰeʔ⁵/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰeʔ³²/

/hiɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɛʔ³²/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ haːk̚³/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰeʔ³²/

/hiũ³³ kʰeʔ⁵/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰeʔ³²/

/hiɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɛʔ³²/