nirvána

nirvánák (plural)
nirvána (nominative singular)
nirvánák (nominative plural)
nirvánát (accusative singular)
nirvánákat (accusative plural)
nirvánának (dative singular)
nirvánáknak (dative plural)
nirvánával (instrumental singular)
nirvánákkal (instrumental plural)
nirvánáért (causal-final singular)
nirvánákért (causal-final plural)
nirvánává (singular translative)
nirvánákká (plural translative)
nirvánáig (singular terminative)
nirvánákig (plural terminative)
nirvánaként (essive-formal singular)
nirvánákként (essive-formal plural)
nirvánában (inessive singular)
nirvánákban (inessive plural)
nirvánán (singular superessive)
nirvánákon (plural superessive)
nirvánánál (adessive singular)
nirvánáknál (adessive plural)
nirvánába (illative singular)
nirvánákba (illative plural)
nirvánára (singular sublative)
nirvánákra (plural sublative)
nirvánához (allative singular)
nirvánákhoz (allative plural)
nirvánából (elative singular)
nirvánákból (elative plural)
nirvánáról (delative singular)
nirvánákról (delative plural)
nirvánától (ablative singular)
nirvánáktól (ablative plural)
nirvánáé (singular)
nirvánáké (plural)
nirvánáéi (singular)
nirvánákéi (plural)
nirvánám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
nirvánáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
nirvánád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
nirvánáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
nirvánája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
nirvánái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
nirvánánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
nirvánáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
nirvánátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
nirvánáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
nirvánájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
nirvánáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “act of extinguishing”).

bor+

(Buddhism) nirvana (complete cessation of suffering)


láma

head

láma m (genitive singular láma, nominative plural lámaí)

láma (genitive singular)
lámaí (nominative plural)

Borrowed from English lama, from Tibetan བླ་མ་ (bla ma, “chief”).


láma

nominative
láma (singular)
lámovia (plural)
genitive
lámu (singular)
lámov (plural)
dative
lámovi (singular)
lámom (plural)
accusative
locative
lámoch (plural)
instrumental
lámom (singular)
lámami (plural)


विहार

vihāra (romanization)
विहारः (nominative singular)
विहारौ (dual nominative)
विहारा1 (dual nominative)
विहाराः (nominative plural)
विहारासः1 (nominative plural)
विहार (singular vocative)
विहारौ (dual vocative)
विहारा1 (dual vocative)
विहाराः (plural vocative)
विहारासः1 (plural vocative)
विहारम् (accusative singular)
विहारौ (accusative dual)
विहारा1 (accusative dual)
विहारान् (accusative plural)
विहारेण (instrumental singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विहारैः (instrumental plural)
विहारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विहाराय (dative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (dative plural)
विहारात् (ablative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विहारस्य (genitive singular)
विहारयोः (dual genitive)
विहाराणाम् (genitive plural)
विहारे (locative singular)
विहारयोः (dual locative)
विहारेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: বিহার (bihar)

Hindi: बिहार (bihār)

→ English: vihara

→ Burmese: ဝိဟာရ (wi.hara.)

→ Khmer: វិហារ (vihiə)

→ Javanese: ꦮꦶꦲꦫ (wihara)

→ Indonesian: wihara

→ Lao: ວິຫານ (wi hān)

→ Lü: ᦞᦲᦠᦱᧃ (viiḣaan)

→ Malay: biara

Indonesian: biara

→ Northern Thai: ᩅᩥᩉᩣ᩠ᩁ

Sinhalese: විහාර (wihāra)

→ Thai: วิหาร (wí-hǎan)

From वि- (vi-, suffix indicating distribution, opposition or arrangement) + हार (hāra, “bearing, carrying”, from हर (hara)).

af

from <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">हर</i> (hara)

(Buddhism, Jainism) vihara, a monastery or temple (originally a hall where the monks met or walked about; afterwards these halls were used as temples)


नाग

nāg (romanization)
ناگ (Urdu)
नाग (direct singular)
नाग (direct plural)
नाग (oblique singular)
नागों (oblique plural)
नाग (singular vocative)
नागो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नाग (nāga).


Rāhu

Transliteration of Sanskrit राहु (rāhu).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) The ascending lunar node. An asura and god of the solar eclipse.

(Tibetan Buddhism) A supernatural being in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, particularly the Nyingma lineage. Usually depicted as dark blue in colour and having nine heads one of which is that of a raven. He has a face in his belly the mouth of which swallows up the moon or sun during eclipses. He is master of the nine planets and the god of solar and lunar eclipses.


선교

Sino-Korean word from 禪 (“Seon”) + 敎 (“teachings”)

ko-etym-Sino

(Buddhism) The Zen and non-Zen sects of Buddhism, considered as a group


功課

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (功課):
* → Japanese: 功課(こうか) (kōka)
* → Vietnamese: công khoá (功課)

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fɔː³³/

/ˈkuŋ⁴² kʰuo²¹³/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰo⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɤ²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰo¹¹/

/kɔŋ³³ kʰo⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo²¹/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo²¹/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ kʰue²¹³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ kʰu²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fɔː³³/

/ˈkuŋ⁴² kʰuo²¹³/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰo⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɤ²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰo¹¹/

/kɔŋ³³ kʰo⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo²¹/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo²¹/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ kʰue²¹³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ kʰu²¹/


탑

Sino-Korean word from 塔 (“stupa; tower”), from Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa).

ko-etym-sino

the hanja entry at 塔 for Sino-Korean compounds of 탑

(Buddhism) a pagoda or such a monument that has evolved from the archaic stupa


valaistus

valaistus (nominative singular)
valaistukset (nominative plural)
valaistus (accusative nominative singular)
valaistukset (accusative nominative plural)
valaistuksen (accusative genitive singular)
valaistukset (accusative genitive plural)
valaistuksen (genitive singular)
valaistusten (genitive plural)
valaistuksien (genitive plural)
valaistusta (partitive singular)
valaistuksia (partitive plural)
valaistuksessa (inessive singular)
valaistuksissa (inessive plural)
valaistuksesta (elative singular)
valaistuksista (elative plural)
valaistukseen (illative singular)
valaistuksiin (illative plural)
valaistuksella (adessive singular)
valaistuksilla (adessive plural)
valaistukselta (ablative singular)
valaistuksilta (ablative plural)
valaistukselle (allative singular)
valaistuksille (allative plural)
valaistuksena (essive singular)
valaistuksina (essive plural)
valaistukseksi (singular translative)
valaistuksiksi (plural translative)
valaistuksetta (abessive singular)
valaistuksitta (abessive plural)
valaistuksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
valaistukseni (nominative singular)
valaistukseni (nominative plural)
valaistukseni (accusative nominative singular)
valaistukseni (accusative nominative plural)
valaistukseni (accusative genitive singular)
valaistukseni (accusative genitive plural)
valaistukseni (genitive singular)
valaistusteni (genitive plural)
valaistuksieni (genitive plural)
valaistustani (partitive singular)
valaistuksiani (partitive plural)
valaistuksessani (inessive singular)
valaistuksissani (inessive plural)
valaistuksestani (elative singular)
valaistuksistani (elative plural)
valaistukseeni (illative singular)
valaistuksiini (illative plural)
valaistuksellani (adessive singular)
valaistuksillani (adessive plural)
valaistukseltani (ablative singular)
valaistuksiltani (ablative plural)
valaistukselleni (allative singular)
valaistuksilleni (allative plural)
valaistuksenani (essive singular)
valaistuksinani (essive plural)
valaistuksekseni (singular translative)
valaistuksikseni (plural translative)
valaistuksettani (abessive singular)
valaistuksittani (abessive plural)
valaistuksineni (comitative plural)
valaistuksesi (nominative singular)
valaistuksesi (nominative plural)
valaistuksesi (accusative nominative singular)
valaistuksesi (accusative nominative plural)
valaistuksesi (accusative genitive singular)
valaistuksesi (accusative genitive plural)
valaistuksesi (genitive singular)
valaistustesi (genitive plural)
valaistuksiesi (genitive plural)
valaistustasi (partitive singular)
valaistuksiasi (partitive plural)
valaistuksessasi (inessive singular)
valaistuksissasi (inessive plural)
valaistuksestasi (elative singular)
valaistuksistasi (elative plural)
valaistukseesi (illative singular)
valaistuksiisi (illative plural)
valaistuksellasi (adessive singular)
valaistuksillasi (adessive plural)
valaistukseltasi (ablative singular)
valaistuksiltasi (ablative plural)
valaistuksellesi (allative singular)
valaistuksillesi (allative plural)
valaistuksenasi (essive singular)
valaistuksinasi (essive plural)
valaistukseksesi (singular translative)
valaistuksiksesi (plural translative)
valaistuksettasi (abessive singular)
valaistuksittasi (abessive plural)
valaistuksinesi (comitative plural)
valaistuksemme (nominative singular)
valaistuksemme (nominative plural)
valaistuksemme (accusative nominative singular)
valaistuksemme (accusative nominative plural)
valaistuksemme (accusative genitive singular)
valaistuksemme (accusative genitive plural)
valaistuksemme (genitive singular)
valaistustemme (genitive plural)
valaistuksiemme (genitive plural)
valaistustamme (partitive singular)
valaistuksiamme (partitive plural)
valaistuksessamme (inessive singular)
valaistuksissamme (inessive plural)
valaistuksestamme (elative singular)
valaistuksistamme (elative plural)
valaistukseemme (illative singular)
valaistuksiimme (illative plural)
valaistuksellamme (adessive singular)
valaistuksillamme (adessive plural)
valaistukseltamme (ablative singular)
valaistuksiltamme (ablative plural)
valaistuksellemme (allative singular)
valaistuksillemme (allative plural)
valaistuksenamme (essive singular)
valaistuksinamme (essive plural)
valaistukseksemme (singular translative)
valaistuksiksemme (plural translative)
valaistuksettamme (abessive singular)
valaistuksittamme (abessive plural)
valaistuksinemme (comitative plural)
valaistuksenne (nominative singular)
valaistuksenne (nominative plural)
valaistuksenne (accusative nominative singular)
valaistuksenne (accusative nominative plural)
valaistuksenne (accusative genitive singular)
valaistuksenne (accusative genitive plural)
valaistuksenne (genitive singular)
valaistustenne (genitive plural)
valaistuksienne (genitive plural)
valaistustanne (partitive singular)
valaistuksianne (partitive plural)
valaistuksessanne (inessive singular)
valaistuksissanne (inessive plural)
valaistuksestanne (elative singular)
valaistuksistanne (elative plural)
valaistukseenne (illative singular)
valaistuksiinne (illative plural)
valaistuksellanne (adessive singular)
valaistuksillanne (adessive plural)
valaistukseltanne (ablative singular)
valaistuksiltanne (ablative plural)
valaistuksellenne (allative singular)
valaistuksillenne (allative plural)
valaistuksenanne (essive singular)
valaistuksinanne (essive plural)
valaistukseksenne (singular translative)
valaistuksiksenne (plural translative)
valaistuksettanne (abessive singular)
valaistuksittanne (abessive plural)
valaistuksinenne (comitative plural)
valaistuksensa (nominative singular)
valaistuksensa (nominative plural)
valaistuksensa (accusative nominative singular)
valaistuksensa (accusative nominative plural)
valaistuksensa (accusative genitive singular)
valaistuksensa (accusative genitive plural)
valaistuksensa (genitive singular)
valaistustensa (genitive plural)
valaistuksiensa (genitive plural)
valaistustaan (partitive singular)
valaistustansa (partitive singular)
valaistuksiaan (partitive plural)
valaistuksiansa (partitive plural)
valaistuksessaan (inessive singular)
valaistuksessansa (inessive singular)
valaistuksissaan (inessive plural)
valaistuksissansa (inessive plural)
valaistuksestaan (elative singular)
valaistuksestansa (elative singular)
valaistuksistaan (elative plural)
valaistuksistansa (elative plural)
valaistukseensa (illative singular)
valaistuksiinsa (illative plural)
valaistuksellaan (adessive singular)
valaistuksellansa (adessive singular)
valaistuksillaan (adessive plural)
valaistuksillansa (adessive plural)
valaistukseltaan (ablative singular)
valaistukseltansa (ablative singular)
valaistuksiltaan (ablative plural)
valaistuksiltansa (ablative plural)
valaistukselleen (allative singular)
valaistuksellensa (allative singular)
valaistuksilleen (allative plural)
valaistuksillensa (allative plural)
valaistuksenaan (essive singular)
valaistuksenansa (essive singular)
valaistuksinaan (essive plural)
valaistuksinansa (essive plural)
valaistuksekseen (singular translative)
valaistukseksensa (singular translative)
valaistuksikseen (plural translative)
valaistuksiksensa (plural translative)
valaistuksettaan (abessive singular)
valaistuksettansa (abessive singular)
valaistuksittaan (abessive plural)
valaistuksittansa (abessive plural)
valaistuksineen (comitative plural)
valaistuksinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈʋɑ̝lɑ̝i̯s̠tus̠]

valaistuksen puu

(religion, Buddhism) enlightenment; bodhi (Buddhism)


大乘佛教

ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ ㄈㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄥˋ ㄈㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

Дачэн Фоцзяо

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Дашэн Фоцзяо

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²² fɐt̚² kaːu̯³³/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²² fɐt̚² kaːu̯³³/


大乘

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大乘):
* → Japanese: 大(だい)乗(じょう) (daijō)
* → Korean: 대승(大乘) (daeseung)
* → Vietnamese: Đại thừa (大乘)

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²³/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²³/


羅漢

First attested before the seventh century.

(Buddhism, colloquial) Short for 阿羅漢 (arakan): an arhat, Buddhist saint


眾生

Sino-Xenic (眾生):
* → Japanese: 衆(しゅ)生(じょう) (shujō)
* → Korean: 중생(衆生/眾生)
* → Vietnamese: chúng sinh (眾生)

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɪŋ³³/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sẽ³³/

/t͡soŋ³³ sã⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɪŋ³³/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sẽ³³/

/t͡soŋ³³ sã⁴⁴/

博愛眾生

博爱众生


ศีล

th-noun

ศีล • (sǐin)

From Sanskrit शील (śīla, “morality”). Cognate with Lao ສິນ (sin), Northern Thai ᩈᩦ᩠ᩃ, Lü ᦉᦲᧃ (ṡiin), Shan သီႇလႃႉ (sìi lâ̰a), သိၼ် (sǐn).

เบญจศีล เบญจศีล#Thai

อัฏฐศีล อัฏฐศีล#Thai

(Buddhism) code of conduct, precept, as เบญจศีล, อัฏฐศีล, etc.

(Buddhism) morality: conformity to the rules of right conduct; moral or virtuous conduct.


นรก

นรก • (ná-rók)

Borrowed from Pali naraka or Sanskrit नरक (naraka); possibly via Old Khmer naraka, naroka, °narraka, °nāraka (“hell; purgatory”). Cognate with Burmese နရက် (na.rak), Modern Khmer នរក (nɔɔnɔrŭək), Lao ນະລົກ (na lok), Dhivehi ނަރަކަ (naraka).

1345/46, พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๑, “ไตรภูมิกถา”, in ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (2011) พจนานุกรมศัพท์วรรณคดีไทย สมัยสุโขทัย ไตรภูมิกถา (in Thai), 2nd edition, Bangkok: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, →ISBN, page 20:
ฝูงสัตว์ทั้งหลายอันได้กระทำบาปด้วยกาย ด้วยปาก ด้วยใจ ดังกล่าวแล้วนี้ ย่อมได้ไปเกิดในจตุราบาย มีอาทิคือนรกใหญ่ ๘ ขุมนั้น
fǔung sàt táng-lǎai an dâai grà-tam bàap dûai gaai · dûai bpàak · dûai jai · dang glàao lɛ́ɛo níi · yɔ̂m dâai bpai gə̀ət nai jà-dtù-raa-baai · mii aa-tí kʉʉ ná-rók yài · bpɛ̀ɛt · kǔm nán
All the creatures that have committed sins with [their] bodies, with [their] mouths, [or] with [their] minds, as previously described, would have to be born in caturāpāya, such as those eight great naraka, for instance.

ขุม ขุม#Thai

(Buddhism, Hinduism) (classifier ขุม) naraka: realm in which beings are born and punished for the sins committed in previous lives.


精霊

ja-noun

精(しょう)霊(りょう) • (shōryō) ^(←しやうりやう (syauryau)?)

精霊 (canonical)
shōryō (romanization)
syauryau (romanization)
しやうりやう (hiragana historical)

Bon Festival
Hōryūji
Prince Shōtoku
ja:精霊

From Middle Chinese 精靈 (MC tsjengH leng, literally “essence, spirit, soul + soul, spirit”). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing.

ltc-l

聖霊院: one of the pagoda at Hōryūji temple

聖霊会: a memorial service in honor of Prince Shōtoku

held on the 22nd day of the second lunar month

聖霊送り: a ceremony to send off one's ancestors' spirits at the end of the Bon Festival

around the 16th day of the seventh lunar month

wherein one sets loose model boat made of wood

聖霊棚: a shelf whereon one sets mortuary tablet for one's ancestor for the Bon Festival

精霊蜻蛉: general name given to various kinds of dragonfly that often appear around the time of the Shōryō Matsuri

精霊流し, 聖霊流し

the practice of setting loose model boat made of wood or straw on stream and river at the end of the Bon Festival

聖霊火: a ceremonial signal fire lit for the Bon Festival to help guide the spirit of one's ancestor

straw and set loose on stream and river at the end of the Bon Festival to send off the spirit of one's ancestor

聖霊祭り: alternative name for the Bon Festival

聖霊迎: a ceremony to welcome one's ancestors' spirits at the beginning of the Bon Festival

on the 13th day of the seventh lunar month

精霊飯, 聖霊飯

a ceremony performed as part of the Bon Festival, wherein children receive rice and sweets, make a temporary outdoor cooking stove, and cook and eat the rice and sweets

幽霊

a ghost, a phantom, a spectre, an apparition, the soul of someone who cannot move on

(Buddhism) the soul of someone who has died

(Buddhism) short for 精霊祭り (Shōryō matsuri), a festival honoring one's ancestors, held mainly on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month

精霊祭り

(Buddhism) short for 精霊蜻蛉 (Shōryō tonbo), general name given to various kinds of dragonfly that often appear around the time of the Shōryō Matsuri


ກຳ

From Pali kamma, from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman).


ນິພານ

lo-noun

ນິພານ • (ni phān)

From Pali nibbāna, from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa).


ພຣະໂພທິສັດ

ພະ-ໂພ-ທິ-ສັດ

From ພຣະ (pha ra) + Pali bodhisatta, from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva). Compare Thai พระโพธิสัตว์ (poo-tí-sàt).

cog

พระโพธิสัตว์

Thai พระโพธิสัตว์ (poo-tí-sàt)


ທຳ

Borrowed from Pali dhamma, from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “that which upholds or support”).


ສັງສາລະວັດ

lo-noun

ສັງສາລະວັດ • (sang sā la wat)

[saŋ˥˧˧.saː˥˧˧.la(ʔ˧˨).ʋat̚˧˨]

ສັງ-ສາ-ລະ-ວັດ

(Buddhism) cycle of reincarnation; samsara


Theravada

Transliteration of Pali theravāda, inherited from Sanskrit स्थविरवाद (sthaviravāda, literally “doctrine of the elders”), from स्थविर (sthavira, “elder”) + वाद (vāda, “doctrine”).

der

(Buddhism) A sect of Buddhism, whose teachings are based on the Buddha's scriptures in the Pali canon, widely practised in Southeast Asia, mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar. It tends to be conservative in contrast to the more liberal Mahayana, rejects reliance on celestial beings, and teaches non-universal salvation.


ເຖລະວາດ

lo-proper noun

ເຖລະວາດ • (thē la wāt)

[tʰeː˥˧˧.la(ʔ˧˨).ʋaːt̚˧˦]

From Pali theravāda, from Sanskrit स्थविरवाद (sthaviravāda).


ໂພທິ

[pʰoː˧˥.tʰiʔ˧]

[pʰoː˩˨.tʰiʔ˧˨]

From Pali bodhi, from Sanskrit बोधि (bodhi).


往生

ja-r

往生(おうじょう) (ōjō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (往生):
* → Japanese: 往生(おうじょう) (ōjō)
* → Korean: 왕생(往生) (wangsaeng)
* → Vietnamese: vãng sanh (往生)

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ¹³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/

/ɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ³³/

/ɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ¹³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/

/ɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ³³/

/ɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

被難

to be killed in a disaster, political incident

(Buddhism) to be reborn; to be reincarnated in the Pure Land


入寂

/ʐu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʐu⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ʐu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ʐu⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

(Buddhism, of Buddhist monks) to pass away; to die


入寂

ja-noun

入(にゅう)寂(じゃく) • (nyūjaku) ^(←にふじやく (nifuzyaku)?)

入寂 (canonical)
nyūjaku (romanization)
nifuzyaku (romanization)
にふじやく (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ɨːʑa̠kɯ̟]


入寂

入寂する (canonical)
nyūjaku suru (romanization)
nifuzyaku (romanization)
入寂し (stem)
入寂した (past)
入寂し
にゅうじゃくし
nyūjaku shi
入寂する
にゅうじゃくする
nyūjaku suru
入寂すれ
にゅうじゃくすれ
nyūjaku sure
入寂せよ (imperative literary)
入寂しろ (colloquial imperative)
にゅうじゃくせよ (imperative literary)
にゅうじゃくしろ (colloquial imperative)
nyūjaku seyo (imperative literary)
nyūjaku shiro (colloquial imperative)
入寂される (passive)
にゅうじゃくされる (passive)
nyūjaku sareru (passive)
入寂させる (causative)
入寂さす (causative)
にゅうじゃくさせる (causative)
にゅうじゃくさす (causative)
nyūjaku saseru (causative)
nyūjaku sasu (causative)
入寂できる (potential)
にゅうじゃくできる (potential)
nyūjaku dekiru (potential)
入寂しよう (volitional)
にゅうじゃくしよう (volitional)
nyūjaku shiyō (volitional)
入寂しない (negative)
にゅうじゃくしない (negative)
nyūjaku shinai (negative)
入寂せず (continuative negative)
にゅうじゃくせず (continuative negative)
nyūjaku sezu (continuative negative)
入寂します (formal)
にゅうじゃくします (formal)
nyūjaku shimasu (formal)
入寂した (perfective)
にゅうじゃくした (perfective)
nyūjaku shita (perfective)
入寂して (conjunctive)
にゅうじゃくして (conjunctive)
nyūjaku shite (conjunctive)
入寂すれば (conditional hypothetical)
にゅうじゃくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
nyūjaku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[ɲ̟ɨːʑa̠kɯ̟]


入定

/ʐu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/jɐp̚² tɪŋ²²/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² tiɪŋ²²/

/ʐu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/jɐp̚² tɪŋ²²/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² tiɪŋ²²/

(Buddhism) to sit in meditation (a technique for mental self-discipline)


tulpa

en-noun

tulpa (plural tulpa or tulpas or (often in sense 2) tulpae)

tulpa (plural)
tulpas (plural)
tulpae (often plural)

From Tibetan སྤྲུལ་པ (sprul pa, “emanation, magical creation”), equivalent to a calque of Sanskrit निर्मित (nirmita, “build”) or निर्माण (nirmāṇa, “build”).

bor

When the year was up, the tulpa began growing. It lost its fear of its master and began taking on new forms of its own. It ceased to run errands ....

1966, Nikos Kazantzakis, England: A Travel Journal, page 110:

(Buddhism, mysticism) A magical creature that attains corporeal reality, having been originally merely imaginary.

トゥルパ

magical creature that attains corporeal reality, having been imaginary


入道

ja-noun

入(にゅう)道(どう) • (nyūdō) ^(←にふだう (nifudau)?)

入道 (canonical)
nyūdō (romanization)
nifudau (romanization)
にふだう (hiragana historical)

/nipʉ dau/ → /niɸudɔː/ → /niudɔː/ → /ɲuːdoː/
From Middle Chinese 入道 (MC nyip dawX, literally “enter the dharma”).

法性寺入道前関白太政大臣

Hosshōji Nyūdō Saki no Kanpaku Daijō-daijin

(Buddhism) entering the Buddhist priesthood; also the person who became a Buddhist novice


入道

入道する (canonical)
nyūdō suru (romanization)
nifudau (romanization)
入道し (stem)
入道した (past)
入道し
にゅうどうし
nyūdō shi
入道する
にゅうどうする
nyūdō suru
入道すれ
にゅうどうすれ
nyūdō sure
入道せよ (imperative literary)
入道しろ (colloquial imperative)
にゅうどうせよ (imperative literary)
にゅうどうしろ (colloquial imperative)
nyūdō seyo (imperative literary)
nyūdō shiro (colloquial imperative)
入道される (passive)
にゅうどうされる (passive)
nyūdō sareru (passive)
入道させる (causative)
入道さす (causative)
にゅうどうさせる (causative)
にゅうどうさす (causative)
nyūdō saseru (causative)
nyūdō sasu (causative)
入道できる (potential)
にゅうどうできる (potential)
nyūdō dekiru (potential)
入道しよう (volitional)
にゅうどうしよう (volitional)
nyūdō shiyō (volitional)
入道しない (negative)
にゅうどうしない (negative)
nyūdō shinai (negative)
入道せず (continuative negative)
にゅうどうせず (continuative negative)
nyūdō sezu (continuative negative)
入道します (formal)
にゅうどうします (formal)
nyūdō shimasu (formal)
入道した (perfective)
にゅうどうした (perfective)
nyūdō shita (perfective)
入道して (conjunctive)
にゅうどうして (conjunctive)
nyūdō shite (conjunctive)
入道すれば (conditional hypothetical)
にゅうどうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
nyūdō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(Buddhism) to enter the Buddhist priesthood


bico

pt-noun

bico m (plural bicos, feminine bicunim, feminine plural bicunins)

bicos (plural)
bicunim (feminine)
bicunins (feminine plural)

From Pali bhikkhu (“beggar, Buddhist monk”), from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣu, “mendicant”).


nirwana

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nir-vāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”).


nirwana

From Malay nirwana borrowing Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “nirvana”, literally “blown or put out, extinguished”).

शून्य शून्य#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) absolute extinction or annihilation (= शून्य (śūnya)) of individual existence or of all desires and passions


nirwana

ms-noun

nirwana (Jawi spelling نيروان, plural nirwana-nirwana, informal 1st possessive nirwanaku, 2nd possessive nirwanamu, 3rd possessive nirwananya)

نيروان (Jawi)
nirwana-nirwana (plural)
nirwanaku (first-person informal possessive)
nirwanamu (possessive second-person)
nirwananya (possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “nirvana”, literally “blown or put out, extinguished”).

शून्य शून्य#Sanskrit


nirwana

nirwana (nominative singular)
nirwany (nominative plural)
nirwany (genitive singular)
nirwan (genitive plural)
nirwanie (dative singular)
nirwanom (dative plural)
nirwanę (accusative singular)
nirwany (accusative plural)
nirwaną (instrumental singular)
nirwanami (instrumental plural)
nirwanie (locative singular)
nirwanach (locative plural)
nirwano (singular vocative)
nirwany (plural vocative)

bor+

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nir-vāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”)


อสูร

th-noun

อสูร • (à-sǔun)

/ʔa˨˩.suːn˩˩˦/

ส่วนราชสมบัติกรุงอุชชยินีซึ่งว่างผู้ปกครองนั้นก็ร้อนถึงพระอินทร์ตามเคย พระอินทร์ตรัสให้อสูรตนหนึ่งชื่อ ปัถพีบาล ลงมาป้องกันกรุงอุชชยินีมิให้มีภัยมาถึง

2013, น.ม.ส., นิทานเวตาล, แพรวสำนักพิมพ์, →ISBN, page 9:

The vacancy of the throne of Ujjayini troubled the god Indra as usual. Indra told an asura, called the Earth Protector, to descend to the Ujjayini Kingdom and guard her from whatever peril that might arrive.

sùuan râat-chá-sǒm-bàt grung ùt-chá-yí-nii sʉ̂ng wâang pûu-bpòk-krɔɔng nán gɔ̂ɔ rɔ́ɔn-tʉ̌ng prá-in dtaam kəəi prá-in dtràt hâi à-sǔun dton nʉ̀ng chʉ̂ʉ bpàt-tà-pii-baan long maa bpɔ̂ng-gan grung ùt-chá-yí-nii mí hâi mii pai maa tʉ̌ng

(Buddhism, Hinduism) asura; māra; rākṣasa; yakṣa.


बोधिसत्त्व

bodhi-sattva (romanization)
बोधिसत्त्वः (nominative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (dual nominative)
बोधिसत्त्वाः (nominative plural)
बोधिसत्त्व (singular vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (dual vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वाः (plural vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वम् (accusative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (accusative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वान् (accusative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वेन (instrumental singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बोधिसत्त्वैः (instrumental plural)
बोधिसत्त्वाय (dative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वात् (ablative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वस्य (genitive singular)
बोधिसत्त्वयोः (dual genitive)
बोधिसत्त्वानाम् (genitive plural)
बोधिसत्त्वे (locative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वयोः (dual locative)
बोधिसत्त्वेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of बोधिसत्त्व

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वम्

बोधिसत्त्वान्

बोधिसत्त्वेन

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वैः

बोधिसत्त्वाय

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वात्

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वस्य

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वानाम्

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

बोधिसत्त्वस्य

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वम्

बोधिसत्त्वान्

बोधिसत्त्वेन

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वैः

बोधिसत्त्वाय

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वात्

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वस्य

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वानाम्

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वेषु

→ Bengali: বোধিসত্ত্ব (bōdhiśotto)

Pali: bodhisatta

Burmese: ဗောဓိသတ် (bau:dhi.sat)

→ English: bodhisattva

desc

→ Chinese: 菩提薩埵 /菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ), 菩薩 /菩萨 (púsà)

→ Japanese: 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta), 菩薩 (bosatsu)

→ Korean: 보살 (bosal)

→ Manchu: ᡦᡠᠰᠠ (pusa)

→ Vietnamese: bồ tát

→ Classical Mongolian: [script needed] (bodisadu)

→ Manchu: ᠪᠣᡩᡳᠰᠠᡨᡠ (bodisatu)

→ Sinhalese: බෝධිසත්ත්ව (bōdhisattwa)

போதிசத்துவன்

Tamil: போதிசத்துவன் (pōticattuvaṉ)

→ Thai: โพธิสัตว์ (poo-tí-sàt)

→ Tocharian A: bodʰisattu

[boː.d̪ʱiˈs̪ɐt̪̚.t̪ʋɐ]

From बोधि (bodhí, “perfect knowledge”) + सत्त्व (sattvá, “essence”).


jodo

A borrowing of Japanese 浄土 (jōdo, literally “pure land”), q.v.

bor

(Japanese Buddhism) Synonym of pure land: the various realms of the buddhas and boddhisattvas.


一世

一世 (canonical)
issei (romanization)
いっせ (alternative hiragana)
isse (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
ひとよ (alternative hiragana)
hitoyo (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

(Buddhism) one of the 三世 (sanze, literally “three lifetimes”), namely 過去 (“the past”), 現在 (“the present”) and 未来 (“the future”)


buddyzm

buddyzm (nominative singular)
buddyzmu (genitive singular)
buddyzmowi (dative singular)
buddyzm (accusative singular)
buddyzmem (instrumental singular)
buddyzmie (locative singular)
buddyzmie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Buddhism, French bouddhisme, German Buddhismus. By surface analysis, Budda + -yzm.


agregado

[ɐ.ɣɾɨˈɣa.ðu]


agregado

[a.ɣ̞ɾeˈɣ̞a.ð̞o]


มหา

th-noun

มหา • (má-hǎa)

From Pali mahā (“grand; great”); perhaps via Old Khmer mahā°, mhā° (“grand; great”). Compare Modern Khmer មហា (mĕəʼhaa), Burmese မဟာ (ma.ha).

เปรียญธรรม เปรียญธรรม#Thai

(Buddhism) the ecclesiastical title given to a priest who has passed the third level of the examination เปรียญธรรม.


ธรรม

From Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “that which upholds or supports”). Compare Pali dhamma, from which Thai ธัมมะ and its alternative forms are derived. Cognate with Old Khmer dharma, dhārmma, dharmma; Modern Khmer ធម៌ (thɔə), ធម្ម (thŏəm).

bor

เทพ เทพ#Thai

หิรัญบัฏ หิรัญบัฏ#Thai

(Buddhism in Thailand) a noble rank of a priest, above the rank of เทพ (têep) and below those given silver cards of rank called หิรัญบัฏ.


ฌาน

(Buddhism) a state of collected, full-body awareness


เถรวาท

th-proper noun

เถรวาท • (těe-rá-wâat)

/tʰeː˩˩˦.ra˦˥.waːt̚˥˩/

Borrowed from Pali theravāda (literally “the Teaching of the Elders”).


猊下

(Buddhism, rare, attributive) down a lion throne, looking up

(Buddhism, Christianity) Your Holiness; His Holiness; Your Grace; His Grace; Your Eminence; His Eminence


กง

Compare with Lü ᦷᦂᧂ (k̇ong), Northern Thai ᨠᩫ᩠ᨦ, Lao ກົງ (kong).


ญัตติ

th-noun

ญัตติ • (yát-dtì)

From Pali ñatti (“announcement; declaration”).

bor

(Buddhism) proposal made in the Pali language to a priests' assembly.


入滅

ja-noun

入(にゅう)滅(めつ) • (nyūmetsu) ^(←にふめつ (nifumetu)?)

入滅 (canonical)
nyūmetsu (romanization)
nifumetu (romanization)
にふめつ (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ɨːme̞t͡sɨ]


入滅

入滅する (canonical)
nyūmetsu suru (romanization)
nifumetu (romanization)
入滅し (stem)
入滅した (past)
入滅し
にゅうめつし
nyūmetsu shi
入滅する
にゅうめつする
nyūmetsu suru
入滅すれ
にゅうめつすれ
nyūmetsu sure
入滅せよ (imperative literary)
入滅しろ (colloquial imperative)
にゅうめつせよ (imperative literary)
にゅうめつしろ (colloquial imperative)
nyūmetsu seyo (imperative literary)
nyūmetsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
入滅される (passive)
にゅうめつされる (passive)
nyūmetsu sareru (passive)
入滅させる (causative)
入滅さす (causative)
にゅうめつさせる (causative)
にゅうめつさす (causative)
nyūmetsu saseru (causative)
nyūmetsu sasu (causative)
入滅できる (potential)
にゅうめつできる (potential)
nyūmetsu dekiru (potential)
入滅しよう (volitional)
にゅうめつしよう (volitional)
nyūmetsu shiyō (volitional)
入滅しない (negative)
にゅうめつしない (negative)
nyūmetsu shinai (negative)
入滅せず (continuative negative)
にゅうめつせず (continuative negative)
nyūmetsu sezu (continuative negative)
入滅します (formal)
にゅうめつします (formal)
nyūmetsu shimasu (formal)
入滅した (perfective)
にゅうめつした (perfective)
nyūmetsu shita (perfective)
入滅して (conjunctive)
にゅうめつして (conjunctive)
nyūmetsu shite (conjunctive)
入滅すれば (conditional hypothetical)
にゅうめつすれば (conditional hypothetical)
nyūmetsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[ɲ̟ɨːme̞t͡sɨ]


功德

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ tek̚²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ tek̚²/

(Buddhism) charitable and pious deeds; benefaction; beneficence; works


pagode

head

pagode c (singular definite pagoden, plural indefinite pagoder)

pagoden (definite singular)
pagoder (indefinite plural)
pagode (indefinite nominative singular)
pagoden (definite nominative singular)
pagoder (indefinite nominative plural)
pagoderne (definite nominative plural)
pagodes (genitive indefinite singular)
pagodens (definite genitive singular)
pagoders (genitive indefinite plural)
pagodernes (definite genitive plural)


pagode

pagode m (definite singular pagoden, indefinite plural pagoder, definite plural pagodene)

pagoden (definite singular)
pagoder (indefinite plural)
pagodene (definite plural)


pagode

→ Catalan: pagoda

→ French: pagode

→ English: pagoda

→ German: Pagode

→ Spanish: pagoda

Borrowed from Malayalam പകോതി (pakōti), from Sanskrit भगवती (bhagavatī, “goddess”).

Dizem que no Reyno de Golgonda ha hum pagode […] onde os Gentios fazem a ſua oração

1720, Rafael Bluteau, “pagode”, in Vocabulario Portuguez e Latino [Portuguese and Latin Vocabulary], volume 6, Lisbon: Pascoal da Sylva, page 185, column 1:

It's said that in the Golkonda Kingdom there is a pagoda […] where the gentiles pray

(architecture, Buddhism) pagoda (a tiered tower with multiple eaves)


bhumi

(Buddhism) One of the ten hierarchically arranged stages through which bodhisattva passes to the path to awakening in the Mahayana tradition.


住持

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²³/

(Taoism, Buddhism) to administer a monastery


住持

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi²⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²³/


丈席

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi³⁵/


檀信

/tʰän³⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/tʰän³⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

(Buddhism) devotee; follower; worshiper; believer


衣缽

/i⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² puat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² puat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ puat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ puat̚³²/

/i⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² puat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² puat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ puat̚³²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ puat̚³²/

(Buddhism) a Buddhist monk's mantle and alms bowl (handed down to his favorite disciple)


合爪

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(archaic, Buddhism) to press the palms of one's hands together in devotion


解脫

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ tʰyːt̚³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuat̚³²/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰuat̚⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuat̚³²/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuat̚³²/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰuat̚³²/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰuk̚²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ tʰyːt̚³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuat̚³²/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰuat̚⁵/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuat̚³²/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuat̚³²/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰuat̚³²/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰuk̚²/


法界

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (法界):
* → Japanese: 法界(ほうかい) (hōkai)
* → Korean: 법계(法界) (beopgye)
* → Vietnamese: pháp giới (法界)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मधातु (dharmadhātu), comprised of धर्म (“dharma”) + धातु (“expanse”).


大士

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Calque of Sanskrit महापुरुष (mahāpuruṣa).


普門

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

(Buddhism) universal door (a door or gate for transcending to a higher plain of existence)


普門

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

(Buddhism) chapter title (within the Lotus Sutra): the Universal Door (of the Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva)


พระพุทธเจ้า

th-noun

พระพุทธเจ้า • (prá-pút-tá-jâao)

From พระ (prá, “honorific for gods, priests, royal persons, etc”, literally “divine; excellent; holy; sacred; superior; etc”) + พุทธ (pút, “Buddha; Buddhism; etc”, literally “awakened; conscious; enlightened; learnt; understood; etc”) + เจ้า (jâao, “honorific suffix for gods, priests, royal persons, etc”, literally “chief; lord; master”). Compare Khmer ព្រះពុទ្ធចៅ (prĕəhputthɔɔcaw); Lao ພະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ (pha phut tha chao), Lao ພຣະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ (pha ra phut tha chao),
Lao ພຣະເຈົ້າ (pha ra chao).

cog

ພະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ

ພຣະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ

any of a series of teachers in Buddhism, of whom Gautama Buddha was the last.

any person who has attained enlightenment.


พระพุทธเจ้า

th-pronoun

พระพุทธเจ้า • (prá-pút-tá-jâao)

cog

ພະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ

ພຣະພຸດທະເຈົ້າ


忍辱

From Middle Chinese 忍辱 (MC nyinX nyowk), in turn a translation of Sanskrit क्षान्ति (kṣānti, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”).
First cited to the early 800s.

der

[ɲ̟ĩɲ̟ːikɯ̟]

(Buddhism) kshanti: patience, forbearance and forgiveness: one of the paramitas in Theravāda and Mahāyāna Buddhism


來世

/laɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/lɔːi̯²¹ sɐi̯³³/

/loi̯¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/lai²⁴⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

/lai²³⁻³³ se²¹/

/lai²⁴⁻²² se²¹/

/lai²⁴⁻²² se⁴¹/

/lai¹³⁻²² si²¹/

/laɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/lɔːi̯²¹ sɐi̯³³/

/loi̯¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/lai²⁴⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

/lai²³⁻³³ se²¹/

/lai²⁴⁻²² se²¹/

/lai²⁴⁻²² se⁴¹/

/lai¹³⁻²² si²¹/

(Buddhism) the future world; the next world; the world to come; the afterlife; the next life


来世

来世はこの世の時間の延長ではない。

1949, 永井隆, この子を残して

The next world is not an extension of our time in this one.

Raise wa kono yo no jikan no enchō de wa nai.

(Buddhism) the hereafter, the next world after death


道人

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/to²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/tɒu̯⁴⁵ ʐən¹³/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/to²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/tɒu̯⁴⁵ ʐən¹³/

有买粪于寺者，道人索倍价。 [MSC, simp.]
Yǒu mǎi fèn yú sì zhě, dàorén suǒ bèi jià. [Pinyin]

1899, unknown, 笑林廣記 有買糞於寺者，道人索倍價。 [MSC, trad.]

A man wanted to buy human waste from a temple. The monk asked for twice the price.

(archaic, historical, Buddhism) Buddhist monk without a government certificate


दृष्टि

sa-noun

दृष्टि • (dṛ́ṣṭi) stem, f

dṛ́ṣṭi (romanization)
दृष्टिः (nominative singular)
दृष्टी (dual nominative)
दृष्टयः (nominative plural)
दृष्टे (singular vocative)
दृष्टी (dual vocative)
दृष्टयः (plural vocative)
दृष्टिम् (accusative singular)
दृष्टी (accusative dual)
दृष्टीः (accusative plural)
दृष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
दृष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दृष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
दृष्टये (dative singular)
दृष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
दृष्टी1 (dative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
दृष्टेः (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
दृष्टेः (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
दृष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
दृष्टौ (locative singular)
दृष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
दृष्टा1 (locative singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual locative)
दृष्टिषु (locative plural)

Pali: diṭṭhi

→ Bengali: দৃষ্টি (driśṭi)

desc

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Kannada: ದೃಷ್ಟಿ (dṛṣṭi)

→ Old Marathi: दृष्टी (dṛṣṭī)

Marathi: दृष्टी (dŕṣṭī)

→ Punjabi: ਡਿੱਠ (ḍiṭṭha), ਦਿੱਠ (diṭṭha), ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ (driśṭī)

→ Tamil: திருஷ்டி (tiruṣṭi)

→ Telugu: దృష్టి (dr̥ṣṭi)

⇒ Tocharian B: ātmadṛṣṭi

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dŕ̥ṣṭiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dŕ̥štiš, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥ḱtis. By surface analysis, दृश् (dṛś) + -ति (-ti).

surf

आत्मदृष्टि (ātmadṛṣṭi): the view on the self, the (problematic) view that the self exists, the holding onto a self

(Buddhism) a wrong view; an invalid perspective


後世

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² sɐi̯³³/

/heu̯⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/au³³⁻²¹ se²¹/

/au³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

/au²²⁻²¹ se²¹/

/au²²⁻²¹ si²¹/

/au³³⁻²¹ si²¹/

/au³³⁻¹¹ si¹¹/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ se²¹/

/hiɤ³³⁻²¹ se²¹/

/hio³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² sɐi̯³³/

/heu̯⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/au³³⁻²¹ se²¹/

/au³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

/au²²⁻²¹ se²¹/

/au²²⁻²¹ si²¹/

/au³³⁻²¹ si²¹/

/au³³⁻¹¹ si¹¹/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ se²¹/

/hiɤ³³⁻²¹ se²¹/

/hio³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹/

(Buddhism) the future world; the next world; the world to come; the afterlife


座禅

座禅 (canonical)
zazen (romanization)
ざぜん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 坐禪 (MC dzwaX dzyen).
座 is a daiyōji replacing 坐.

(Buddhism) a form of sitting meditation in Zen Buddhism


Zen Buddhism

(Buddhism) The Zen denomination of Buddhism.


मैत्रेय

maitreya (romanization)
मैत्रेयः (nominative singular)
मैत्रेय (singular vocative)
मैत्रेयम् (accusative singular)
मैत्रेयेण (instrumental singular)
मैत्रेयाय (dative singular)
मैत्रेयात् (ablative singular)
मैत्रेयस्य (genitive singular)
मैत्रेये (locative singular)

Vrddhi derivative of मैत्री (maitrī) with a -य (-ya) extension.

vrd-ya

(Buddhism) Maitreya, a bodhisattva, who is said to be the future Buddha of Buddhism


Яма

ru-proper noun+

Я́ма • (Jáma) m anim (genitive Я́мы, nominative plural Я́мы, genitive plural Ям)

Я́ма (canonical)
Jáma (romanization)
Я́мы (genitive)
Я́мы (nominative plural)
Ям (genitive plural)
Я́ма (nominative singular)
Я́мы (nominative plural)
Я́мы (genitive singular)
Я́м (genitive plural)
Я́ме (dative singular)
Я́мам (dative plural)
Я́му (accusative singular)
Я́м (accusative plural)
Я́мой (instrumental singular)
Я́мою (instrumental singular)
Я́мами (instrumental plural)
Я́ме (prepositional singular)
Я́мах (plural prepositional)

(Buddhism) Yama (deity in Hinduism, Buddhism)


如是

Daijisen
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sangyō Gisho
Shōbōgenzō
ja:三経義疏
ja:勝鬘経義疏
ja:松村明
ja:正法眼蔵

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 如是 (MC nyo dzyeX). Used to translate Sanskrit एवम् (evam, “such, thus”).
First cited to the Buddhist text 勝鬘経義疏 (Shōmangyō Gisho), part of the 三経義疏 (Sangyō Gisho) dated to 611. The text is written in 漢文 (kanbun), a kind of specialized Classical Chinese adapted slightly for Japanese readers. The first citation in a definitively Japanese-language text might not be until the 正法眼蔵 (Shōbōgenzō) compiled during the years 1231–53.

(Buddhism) short for 十如是 (jū-nyoze): the ten thusnesses of the Tendai sect

十如是

(Buddhism) expression of approval of something said by another person


gatha

Transliteration of Sanskrit गाथा (gāthā). Doublet of Gatha.

translit

(Buddhism) A poem or mantra, especially one recited mentally as part of meditation or mindfulness practice.


方丈

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑŋ²/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ³⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ zã²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑŋ²/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ³⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ zã²¹/

(Buddhism) abbot's room or quarter, i.e. a small square-zhang room, as Vimalakīrti's room is described in the Vimalakīrti Sūtra

(by extension) residence of Buddhist abbots, including the bedroom and its accessory facilities

(Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, slang) narrow-minded person; petty person


(Buddhism) the dharmachakra, the symbol for Buddhism


三時

/sän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(Buddhism) the three epochs: 正法 (zhèngfǎ, “the age of legitimacy”) , 像法 (xiàngfǎ, “the age of imitation”) and 末法 (mòfǎ, “the age of decadence”)


煩惱

/fän³⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/huan²³⁻³³ lɤ⁴¹/

/huan²⁴⁻²² lo⁵⁵⁴/

/huan²⁴⁻²² ho⁵⁵⁴/

/hueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵²/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵²/

/fän³⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/huan²³⁻³³ lɤ⁴¹/

/huan²⁴⁻²² lo⁵⁵⁴/

/huan²⁴⁻²² ho⁵⁵⁴/

/hueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵²/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵²/


高僧

ja-r

高僧(こうそう) (kōsō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (高僧):
* → Japanese: 高僧(こうそう) (kōsō)
* → Korean: 고승(高僧) (goseung)
* → Vietnamese: cao tăng (高僧)

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ko³³ siɪŋ³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ko³³ siɪŋ³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/


三蔵

(Buddhism) a high-ranking priest or monk who has mastered all of the Tripiṭaka canons


閻王

Cebuano: yawa

Hiligaynon: yawa

Tagalog: yawa

Waray-Waray: yawa

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/nʲiɛn²¹ uaŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/iɛn³⁵ uɔŋ²/

/iam¹¹ ʋɔŋ¹¹/

/ŋia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/n̠ʲi²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³ u̯an¹³/

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/nʲiɛn²¹ uaŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/iɛn³⁵ uɔŋ²/

/iam¹¹ ʋɔŋ¹¹/

/ŋia⁵³⁻⁵⁵ uoŋ⁵³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡiam²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/n̠ʲi²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³ u̯an¹³/

Partial calque of Sanskrit यमराज (yamarāja).

閻王叫你三更死，誰敢留人到五更 / 阎王叫你三更死，谁敢留人到五更

Yánwáng jiào nǐ sāngēng sǐ, shéi gǎn liú rén dào wǔgēng

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology) Synonym of 閻羅 /阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)


不二法門

ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄇㄣˊ

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ jiː²² faːt̚³ muːn²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ zi³³⁻²¹ huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ jiː²² faːt̚³ muːn²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ zi³³⁻²¹ huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

Originally Buddhist, first attested in 406, in《維摩詰經》 (“Vimalakirti Sutra”), translated by Kumarajiva.

(Buddhism) the dharma gateway of nonduality


半夏

See also: 夏安居 (keango)

(Buddhism) the 45th day of the 90 day summer retreat


samana

/sɑːˌmɑːnɑː/

From Pali samaṇa. Doublet of sramana and shaman in some contexts.

(Buddhism) An ascetic monk, a Buddhist hermit.

شامانيّ؛ سامانيّ؛ شامان؛ سامان؛ عرّاف، ناسِك شامانيّ


ধর্ম

dhormo (romanization)
ধর্ম (indefinite nominative)
ধর্ম (indefinite objective)
ধর্মকে (indefinite objective)
dhormoke (semantically definite) (indefinite objective)
ধর্মের (genitive indefinite)
ধর্মে (indefinite locative)
ধর্মটি (definite nominative singular)
ধর্মটা (definite nominative singular)
ধর্মগুলি (definite nominative plural)
ধর্মগুলা (definite nominative plural)
ধর্মগুলো (definite nominative plural)
ধর্মটি (definite objective singular)
ধর্মটা (definite objective singular)
ধর্মগুলি (definite objective plural)
ধর্মগুলা (definite objective plural)
ধর্মগুলো (definite objective plural)
ধর্মটির (definite genitive singular)
ধর্মটার (definite genitive singular)
ধর্মগুলির (definite genitive plural)
ধর্মগুলার (definite genitive plural)
ধর্মগুলোর (definite genitive plural)
ধর্মটিতে (definite locative singular)
ধর্মটাতে (definite locative singular)
ধর্মটায় (definite locative singular)
ধর্মগুলিতে (definite locative plural)
ধর্মগুলাতে (definite locative plural)
ধর্মগুলায় (definite locative plural)
ধর্মগুলোতে (definite locative plural)

bn-decl-noun

ধর্ম / ধর্মকে

dhormo (semantically general or indefinite) / dhormoke (semantically definite)

ধর্মটি, ধর্মটা

ধর্মগুলি, ধর্মগুলা, ধর্মগুলো

ধর্মটি, ধর্মটা

ধর্মগুলি, ধর্মগুলা, ধর্মগুলো

ধর্মটির, ধর্মটার

ধর্মগুলির, ধর্মগুলার, ধর্মগুলোর

ধর্মটিতে, ধর্মটাতে, ধর্মটায়

ধর্মগুলিতে, ধর্মগুলাতে, ধর্মগুলায়, ধর্মগুলোতে

dhormogulite, dhormogulate, dhormogulaẏ, dhormogulōte

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) dharma: righteousness, morality; justice


dalai-lama

dalai-lama (plural)
dalai-lama (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
dalai-lamaul (accusative definite nominative singular)
dalai-lamai (accusative definite nominative plural)
dalai-lama (indefinite singular)
dalai-lamaului (definite singular)
dalai-lamalor (definite plural)
dalai-lamaule (singular vocative)
dalai-lamalor (vocative)


dalaï-lama

Borrowed from Tibetan ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ (tā la'i bla ma).


kashaya

Borrowed from Sanskrit कषाय (kaṣāya, “astringent; dull; yellowish red; dirt; passion”), from Proto-Indo-European *kars-. Cognates include Sanskrit कष्ट (kaṣṭa) and English harsh.

(Buddhism) Robes of fully ordained monks and nuns


nhân

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhân.wav


上座

(Buddhism) chief priest, senior priest; one of the sankō, the three priests who administer certain Buddhist temples


เข้าพรรษา

th-noun

เข้าพรรษา • (kâo-pan-sǎa)

(Buddhism) Khao Phansa, or Buddhist Lent (the start of the Buddhist Rains Retreat).

th:เข้าพรรษา


พรรษา

From Sanskrit वर्षा (varṣā, “rainy season”); perhaps via Angkorian Old Khmer barṣā (“rainy season; Lenten season (in Buddhism); year of age, age; etc”). Cognate with Old Khmer barṣa, varṣa, varṣā, from which Thai พรรษ (pát), วรรษ (wát), วรรษา are perhaps derived. Compare Pali vassa, from which Thai วัสสะ is derived.

bor

Lenten season: the period of three months during the rainy season, usually from July to October, during which priests are required to remain in one place.

บวชสามพรรษา

tenure of a priest, often expressed in years.


馬頭

馬頭 (canonical)
Mezu (romanization)
Medu (romanization)
めづ (hiragana historical)

Calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa).

cal

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) Horse-Head, one of the two guardians of hell


विष्णु

viṣṇu (romanization)
وشنو (Urdu)
विष्णु (direct singular)
विष्णु (direct plural)
विष्णु (oblique singular)
विष्णुओं (oblique plural)
विष्णु (singular vocative)
विष्णुओ (plural vocative)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Vishnu (the preserver in the Trimurti and the principal deity of Vaishnavism)


法門

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (法門):
* → Japanese: 法門(ほうもん) (hōmon)
* → Korean: 법문(法門) (beommun)
* → Vietnamese: pháp môn (法門)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/faʔ³³ mən⁴⁴/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/faʔ³³ mən⁴⁴/

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मपर्याय (dharmaparyāya), comprised of धर्म (“dharma”) + पर्याय (“method”).

calque

(Buddhism) gateway for entry into the dharma


தேவன்

ta-noun

தேவன் • (tēvaṉ)

tēvaṉ (romanization)
தேவன் (nominative singular)
தேவர்கள் (nominative plural)
தேவனே (singular vocative)
தேவர்களே (plural vocative)
தேவனை (accusative singular)
தேவர்களை (accusative plural)
தேவனுக்கு (dative singular)
தேவர்களுக்கு (dative plural)
தேவனுக்காக (benefactive singular)
தேவர்களுக்காக (benefactive plural)
தேவனுடைய (genitive genitive-i singular)
தேவர்களுடைய (genitive genitive-i plural)
தேவனின் (genitive genitive-ii singular)
தேவர்களின் (genitive genitive-ii plural)
தேவனில் (locative locative-i singular)
தேவர்களில் (locative locative-i plural)
தேவனிடம் (locative locative-ii singular)
தேவர்களிடம் (locative locative-ii plural)
தேவனோடு (singular sociative sociative-i)
தேவர்களோடு (plural sociative sociative-i)
தேவனுடன் (singular sociative sociative-ii)
தேவர்களுடன் (plural sociative sociative-ii)
தேவனால் (instrumental singular)
தேவர்களால் (instrumental plural)
தேவனிலிருந்து (ablative singular)
தேவர்களிலிருந்து (ablative plural)

Borrowed from Sanskrit देव (deva, “god”).


夜叉

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (夜叉):
* → Japanese: 夜(や)叉(しゃ) (yasha)
* → Korean: 야차(夜叉) (yacha)
* → Vietnamese: dạ-xoa (夜叉)

/jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä¹/

/jɛː²² t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/

/ia³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/ia³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä¹/

/jɛː²² t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/

/ia³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/ia³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/


夜叉

夜叉 (canonical)
yasha (romanization)
yasya (romanization)
やしや (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 夜叉 (yæᴴ cha?), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit यक्ष (yakṣa).

夜叉竹

Semiarundinaria yashadake, a type of bamboo

夜叉柄杓

夜叉柄杓 ヤシャビシャク

Ribes ambiguum, a type of flowering plant related to currant and gooseberry

夜叉が馬を見たよう: → an expression of extreme happiness

(Buddhism) in Buddhism, yakshas are held to be followers of 毘沙門天 (Bishamonten, “Vaiśravaṇa, the chief of the Four Heavenly Kings”), and guardians of the north


魔羅

Sino-Xenic (魔羅):
* → Japanese: 魔羅(まら) (mara)

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

From Sanskrit मार (māra, “killing; death; destroyer; demon”).


魔羅

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Ryōiki
Shinmura Izuru
Tōkai–Tōsan dialect

From Middle Chinese 魔羅 (muɑ lɑ), in turn a transcription of Sanskrit मार (Māra, “the Destroyer, the Evil One”). The kanji are phonetic ateji (当て字) applied when transcribing the Sanskrit into Middle Chinese.
The shift from "Buddhist evil demon" to "penis" was originally slang use among monks, in reference to sexual desires distracting one from the path to enlightenment.
Some sources link this term to 放る (maru, “to excrete”). However, the verb maru refers to "excreting" bodily wastes in general, not just urination but also defecation, and some sources also list flatulation as an included sense. In addition, other nouns attested from Old Japanese that derive from verbs and end in -a appear to be the result of the action of the verb, which does not fit this case. Ultimately, the proposed connection between Sanskrit-derived mara ("penis") and Japonic-derived maru ("to excrete") appears to be a folk etymology, likely arising from the superficial similarity in forms.
First attested in the Nihon Ryōiki, in a section dated to the early 800s.

der

(Buddhism) Mara: a Buddhist demon that personifies the "death" of spiritual life


श्रमण

hi-noun

श्रमण • (śramaṇ) m

śramaṇ (romanization)
श्रमण (direct singular)
श्रमण (direct plural)
श्रमण (oblique singular)
श्रमणों (oblique plural)
श्रमण (singular vocative)
श्रमणो (plural vocative)


བྱང་ཆུབ

/t͡ɕʰaŋ˩˨.t͡ɕʰu˥˨/

བྱང (byang, “purified, perfected”) + ཆུབ (chub, “pervasively realized”).

compound

(Buddhism) awakening, enlightenment, bodhi


བྱམས་པ

/t͡ɕʰam˩˨ pa˥˥/

Semantic loan from Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya, “friendly, benevolent”).


조계종

[t͡ɕo̞ɡje̞d͡ʑo̞ŋ]

[t͡ɕo̞ɡe̞d͡ʑo̞ŋ]


小乘

ja-r

小(しょう)乗(じょう) (shōjō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (小乘):
* → Japanese: 小(しょう)乗(じょう) (shōjō)
* → Korean: 소승(小乘) (soseung)
* → Vietnamese: Tiểu thừa (小乘)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɪŋ²²/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɪŋ²²/

Calque of Sanskrit हीनयान (hīnayāna, “lesser vehicle”).

calque

(Buddhism, originally derogatory, now usually neutral) Hinayana (early Buddhism; Theravada Buddhism)


yana

Transliteration of Sanskrit यान (yāna, “vehicle”).

translit

The Tibetan word for yana is thekpa, which means "that which lifts you up." Anything that lifts you up and takes you to your destination is a yana.

2013, Chögyam Trungpa, chapter 1, in Judith L. Lief, editor, The Bodhisattva Path of Wisdom and Compassion, volume 2:

(Buddhism) Any of the vehicles of Buddhist or Tantric practice.

ယာန

any of the three vehicles of Buddhist practice


संज्ञा

sa-noun

संज्ञा • (saṃjñā́) stem, f

saṃjñā́ (romanization)
संज्ञा (nominative singular)
संज्ञे (dual nominative)
संज्ञाः (nominative plural)
संज्ञे (singular vocative)
संज्ञे (dual vocative)
संज्ञाः (plural vocative)
संज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
संज्ञे (accusative dual)
संज्ञाः (accusative plural)
संज्ञया (instrumental singular)
संज्ञा1 (instrumental singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
संज्ञायै (dative singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
संज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
संज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
संज्ञायै2 (ablative singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
संज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
संज्ञायै2 (genitive singular)
संज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
संज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
संज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
संज्ञयोः (dual locative)
संज्ञासु (locative plural)

/sɐɲd͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː/

/ˈs̪ɐɲd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

From the root संज्ञा (saṃjñā) + -आ (-ā).

suf

संज्ञा (saṃjñā) + -आ (-ā)

(Buddhism) perception (one of the 5 skandhas)


Ananda

Transliteration of Sanskrit आनन्द (ānanda) or Pali ānanda.

translit

(Buddhism) The foremost disciple of Gautama Buddha.


tháp

Thác Tháp Lí Thiên Vương

(feudal Chinese-style architecture, especially Buddhism) a pagoda


มหายาน

From Sanskrit महायान (mahāyāna, literally “great vehicle”).


độ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 度. For the Buddhist sense of "to help to pass through difficulties", also compare đò (“boat”), derived from Chinese 渡 (dù, “to cross”), which is a derivate of 度 (“to pass; to go over”). The meaning "period" is an extension of "about". Doublet of đạc and đo. Compare Japanese 度 (do, “degree; diopter”).

Số gì hên thế, ai độ cho không biết nữa.

Whose blessing did this guy receive to be this lucky?

Trời độ.

(Buddhism and humorous) to help one passing through their obstacles; to save from difficulties


破魔

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
Appears to be from Middle Chinese compound 破魔 (MC phaH ma, literally “break + demon”).
Alternately, could be a Japanese coinage using Middle Chinese elements, as a compound of Middle Chinese-derived 破 (ha, “break, destroy”) + 魔 (ma, “demon, devil”).

compound

(Buddhism) defeating a devil or demon, particularly the demons of worldly desires or passions

破魔術: exorcism

Buddhism; the technique of exorcising, rather than the act of doing so


破魔

破魔する (canonical)
hama suru (romanization)
破魔し (stem)
破魔した (past)
破魔し
はまし
hama shi
破魔する
はまする
hama suru
破魔すれ
はますれ
hama sure
破魔せよ (imperative literary)
破魔しろ (colloquial imperative)
はませよ (imperative literary)
はましろ (colloquial imperative)
hama seyo (imperative literary)
hama shiro (colloquial imperative)
破魔される (passive)
はまされる (passive)
hama sareru (passive)
破魔させる (causative)
破魔さす (causative)
はまさせる (causative)
はまさす (causative)
hama saseru (causative)
hama sasu (causative)
破魔できる (potential)
はまできる (potential)
hama dekiru (potential)
破魔しよう (volitional)
はましよう (volitional)
hama shiyō (volitional)
破魔しない (negative)
はましない (negative)
hama shinai (negative)
破魔せず (continuative negative)
はませず (continuative negative)
hama sezu (continuative negative)
破魔します (formal)
はまします (formal)
hama shimasu (formal)
破魔した (perfective)
はました (perfective)
hama shita (perfective)
破魔して (conjunctive)
はまして (conjunctive)
hama shite (conjunctive)
破魔すれば (conditional hypothetical)
はますれば (conditional hypothetical)
hama sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(Buddhism) to defeat a devil or demon, particularly the demons of worldly desires or passions


Suiten

Borrowed from Japanese 水(すい)天(てん) (Suiten, literally “water deva”).

ja-r

(Japanese Buddhism) Japanese translation for Varuna.


三昧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (三昧):
* → Japanese: 三(さん)昧(まい) (sanmai)
* → Korean: 삼매(三昧) (sammae)
* → Vietnamese: tam muội (三昧)

/sän⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹/


三昧

From Middle Chinese 三昧, from Sanskrit समाधि (samādhi).


獅子座

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩² t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ t͡sɔː²²/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩² t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵ t͡sɔː²²/

(Buddhism) the throne of a Buddha or bodhisattva


獅子座

獅子 (“lion”) + 座 (“seat; constellation”). In the "lion seat" sense, from the apparent resemblance to a lion's fiery mane of the backrest.

(Buddhism) a Lion Throne (throne of a buddha, a bodhisattva or a high priest)


四天王

/sz̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

四大天王 四大天王#Chinese

(Buddhism) Synonym of 四大天王 (sìdàtiānwáng, “the four heavenly kings”)


四天王

ja-noun

四(し)天(てん)王(のう) • (shitennō) ^(←してんわう (siten'wau)?)

四天王 (canonical)
shitennō (romanization)
siten'wau (romanization)
してんわう (hiragana historical)

[ɕitẽ̞nːo̞ː]

Ultimately a calque of Sanskrit चतुर्महाराज (caturmahārāja, literally “four great kings”).
Equivalent to 四 (shi, “four”) + 天王 (tennō, “heavenly king”).

com

(Buddhism) the four gods believed to be watching over the four cardinal directions:


Mahayana

/ˌmɑːhəˈjɑːnə/

/ˌmʌhəˈjɑːnə/

Borrowed from Sanskrit महायान (mahāyāna, literally “Great Vehicle”).

bor+

(Buddhism) A school of Buddhism widely practised in East Asia and Vietnam which accepts non-Pali canon scriptures, recognizes a broader array of buddhas and bodhisattvas, and whose spiritual objective is to achieve Buddhahood and liberate other beings, rather than simply to achieve personal enlightenment, as in Theravada Buddhism.


Mahayana

bor

Sanskrit महायान (mahāyāna, literally “Great Vehicle”)


Hinayana

Transliteration of Sanskrit हीनयान (hīnayāna, “lesser vehicle”).

translit

1913, Buddhism, article in Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 3: Brownson–Clairvaux,
It was known as the Mahayana, or Great Vehicle, in distinction to the other and earlier form of Buddhism contemptuously styled the Hinayana or Little Vehicle, which held its own in the South.

1921, Charles Eliot, Hinduism And Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Volume II, Book IV: The Mahayana, 2005 Gutenberg Ebook edition,
The obscurest period in the history of Buddhism is that which follows the reign of Asoka, but the enquirer cannot grope for long in these dark ages without stumbling upon the word Mahayana. […] The word_([1]) signifies Great Vehicle or Carriage, that is a means of conveyance to salvation, and is contrasted with Hinayana, the Little Vehicle, a name bestowed on the more conservative party though not willingly accepted by them.

"Do it yourself" is a modern phrase which expresses the Hinayana way to salvation.

1979, Ward J. Fellows, Religions East and West, page 171:


Madhyamika

(Buddhism) The central philosophy of Buddhism that was systematized by Nagarjuna. It establishes that all phenomena are empty of independent reality.


Buddha-nature

en-noun

Buddha-nature (countable and uncountable, plural Buddha-natures)

(Buddhism) The potential of achieving the nature of the Buddha through study and religious practice.

佛性

the potential of achieving the nature of the Buddha through study and religious practice


智慧

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯¹/

/t͡siː³³ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siː³³ wɐi̯³³/

/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ fi⁵⁵/

/ti²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾iɛ²⁴²/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ hui²²/

/ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hui⁴¹/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ hui²²/

/ti¹¹⁻⁵³ hui³³/

/ti²¹⁻⁴¹ hui³³/

/ti²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hui³⁵/

/t͡sz̩³³ ɦue⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯¹/

/t͡siː³³ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siː³³ wɐi̯³³/

/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ fi⁵⁵/

/ti²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾iɛ²⁴²/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ hui²²/

/ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hui⁴¹/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ hui²²/

/ti¹¹⁻⁵³ hui³³/

/ti²¹⁻⁴¹ hui³³/

/ti²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hui³⁵/

/t͡sz̩³³ ɦue⁴⁴/


ဘုရား

my-noun

ဘုရား • (bhu.ra:) (classifier ဆူ or ပါး)

bhu.ra: (romanization)
ဆူ (classifier)
ပါး (classifier)

→ Pa'o Karen: ဖရာꩻ

Inherited from Old Burmese ဖုရာ (phurā), borrowed from Sanskrit वर पूजार्ह (vara pūjārha, “venerable enclosure”), though Sanskrit वर (vara) or Pali vara may be more likely. Likely cognate with Shan ၽြႃး (phráa) and Mon ပြဲ.

der

(Buddhism) pagoda, stupa, Buddhist temple


ကျောင်း

→ Shan: ၵျွင်း (kjáung) / ၵျေႃင်း (kjáung)

→ Jingpho: jawng

→ S'gaw Karen: ကၠိ (kyoh)

→ Eastern Pwo: ကျံင်ႋ (kjōɴ)

Inherited from Old Burmese က္လောင်း (klong), itself from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lɨ̆ŋ (“convent”).


極楽

[ɡo̞kɯ̟ɾa̠kɯ̟]

From Middle Chinese 極樂 (MC gik lak), itself a translation of Sanskrit सुखावती (sukhāvatī), the feminine form of सुखवत् (sukhavat, literally “full of joy”).

(Buddhism) Short for 極楽浄土 (Gokuraku Jōdo): pure land (western paradise of Amitabha Buddha)


kamma

kammaṃ (nominative singular)
kammāni (nominative plural)
kammā (nominative plural)
kammaṃ (accusative singular)
kammāni (accusative plural)
kammena (instrumental singular)
kammā (instrumental singular)
kammunā (instrumental singular)
kammanā (instrumental singular)
kammehi (instrumental plural)
kammebhi (instrumental plural)
kammassa (dative singular)
kammāya (dative singular)
kammatthaṃ (dative singular)
kammuno (dative singular)
kammānaṃ (dative plural)
kammasmā (ablative singular)
kammamhā (ablative singular)
kammā (ablative singular)
kammunā (ablative singular)
kammanā (ablative singular)
kammehi (ablative plural)
kammebhi (ablative plural)
kammassa (genitive singular)
kammuno (genitive singular)
kammānaṃ (genitive plural)
kammasmiṃ (locative singular)
kammamhi (locative singular)
kamme (locative singular)
kammesu (locative plural)
kamma (singular vocative)
kammāni (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ကံ (kam)

→ Khmer: កម្ម (kam)

→ Lao: ກຳ (kam)

→ Thai: กรรม (gam)

Inherited from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”). Cognate with Maharastri Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma), Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma).


禅那

From Chinese 禪那 /禅那 (chánnuó), which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “a type of meditation”).

(Buddhism) A type of profound meditation practiced by followers of Zen Buddhism.


禪那

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (禪那):
* → Japanese: 禅(ぜん)那(な) (zenna)
* → Korean: 선나(禪那) (seonna)
* → Vietnamese: thiền na (禪那)

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ nu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ nu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ nä⁵¹/


darma

darma (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
darma (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a darma (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an darma (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an darma (definite singular)
don darma (definite singular)

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma, “that which upholds or supports”).


darma

bor+

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma, “that which upholds or supports”)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) dharma (principle that orders the universe)


скупина

ску̏пина (canonical feminine)
skȕpina (romanization)
скупина (nominative singular)
скупине (nominative plural)
скупине (genitive singular)
скупина (genitive plural)
скупини (dative singular)
скупинама (dative plural)
скупину (accusative singular)
скупине (accusative plural)
скупино (singular vocative)
скупине (plural vocative)
скупини (locative singular)
скупинама (locative plural)
скупином (instrumental singular)
скупинама (instrumental plural)


不信

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (不信):
* → Japanese: 不信(ふしん) (fushin)
* → Korean: 불신(不信) (bulsin)
* → Vietnamese: bất tín (不信)

Translation of Sanskrit अश्रद्ध्य (aśraddhya, “unbelief”) or Pali asaddha (“not believing”). The Tibetan equivalent is མ་དད་པ (ma dad pa).

der

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ sɵn³³/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ sɵn³³/

(Buddhism) unbelief or non-faith; inability of a person to generate tacit belief or confidence in a teacher and the doctrines that is necessary to undertake practice in earnest


stupă

Borrowed from French stupa, from Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa).


mokša

mokša (nominative singular)
mokša (accusative nominative singular)
mokšan (accusative genitive singular)
mokšan (genitive singular)
mokšaa (partitive singular)
mokšassa (inessive singular)
mokšasta (elative singular)
mokšaan (illative singular)
mokšalla (adessive singular)
mokšalta (ablative singular)
mokšalle (allative singular)
mokšana (essive singular)
mokšaksi (singular translative)
mokšatta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mokšani (nominative singular)
mokšani (accusative nominative singular)
mokšani (accusative genitive singular)
mokšani (genitive singular)
mokšaani (partitive singular)
mokšassani (inessive singular)
mokšastani (elative singular)
mokšaani (illative singular)
mokšallani (adessive singular)
mokšaltani (ablative singular)
mokšalleni (allative singular)
mokšanani (essive singular)
mokšakseni (singular translative)
mokšattani (abessive singular)
mokšasi (nominative singular)
mokšasi (accusative nominative singular)
mokšasi (accusative genitive singular)
mokšasi (genitive singular)
mokšaasi (partitive singular)
mokšassasi (inessive singular)
mokšastasi (elative singular)
mokšaasi (illative singular)
mokšallasi (adessive singular)
mokšaltasi (ablative singular)
mokšallesi (allative singular)
mokšanasi (essive singular)
mokšaksesi (singular translative)
mokšattasi (abessive singular)
mokšamme (nominative singular)
mokšamme (accusative nominative singular)
mokšamme (accusative genitive singular)
mokšamme (genitive singular)
mokšaamme (partitive singular)
mokšassamme (inessive singular)
mokšastamme (elative singular)
mokšaamme (illative singular)
mokšallamme (adessive singular)
mokšaltamme (ablative singular)
mokšallemme (allative singular)
mokšanamme (essive singular)
mokšaksemme (singular translative)
mokšattamme (abessive singular)
mokšanne (nominative singular)
mokšanne (accusative nominative singular)
mokšanne (accusative genitive singular)
mokšanne (genitive singular)
mokšaanne (partitive singular)
mokšassanne (inessive singular)
mokšastanne (elative singular)
mokšaanne (illative singular)
mokšallanne (adessive singular)
mokšaltanne (ablative singular)
mokšallenne (allative singular)
mokšananne (essive singular)
mokšaksenne (singular translative)
mokšattanne (abessive singular)
mokšansa (nominative singular)
mokšansa (accusative nominative singular)
mokšansa (accusative genitive singular)
mokšansa (genitive singular)
mokšaansa (partitive singular)
mokšassaan (inessive singular)
mokšassansa (inessive singular)
mokšastaan (elative singular)
mokšastansa (elative singular)
mokšaansa (illative singular)
mokšallaan (adessive singular)
mokšallansa (adessive singular)
mokšaltaan (ablative singular)
mokšaltansa (ablative singular)
mokšalleen (allative singular)
mokšallensa (allative singular)
mokšanaan (essive singular)
mokšanansa (essive singular)
mokšakseen (singular translative)
mokšaksensa (singular translative)
mokšattaan (abessive singular)
mokšattansa (abessive singular)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) moksha, mukti (liberation from samsara and the concomitant suffering; the ultimate goal of life)


νιρβάνα

nirvána (romanization)
νιρβάνα (nominative singular)
νιρβάνας (genitive singular)
νιρβάνα (accusative singular)
νιρβάνα (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa). First attested 1867.


緣分

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (緣分):
* → Korean: 연분(緣分) (yeonbun)
* → Vietnamese: duyên phận (緣分)

/ɥɛn³⁵ fən⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ fən³/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² hun²²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² hun⁴¹/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² hun²²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hun³³/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ hun³³/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ¹¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ fən⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ fən³/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² hun²²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² hun⁴¹/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² hun²²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hun³³/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ hun³³/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ¹¹/

(Buddhism) the predetermined principle that dictates a person's relationships and encounters, usually positive, such as the affinity among friends or lovers


叢林

Sino-Xenic (叢林):
* → Japanese: 叢林(そうりん) (sōrin)
* → Korean: 총림(叢林) (chongnim)
* → Vietnamese: tùng lâm (叢林)

/t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ lin³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/tɵŋ²² lim²²/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² lim¹³/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/

/t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ lin³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/tɵŋ²² lim²²/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² lim¹³/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lim²⁴/

(archaic, Buddhism) Zen Buddhist monastery (Classifier: 座 m)


世尊

Sino-Xenic (世尊):
* → Japanese: 世(せ)尊(そん) (seson)
* → Korean: 세존(世尊) (sejon)
* → Vietnamese: Thế Tôn (世尊)

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān), Pali bhagavā, etc.

worshipped by all; the world's reverence

Then the Bodhisattva Earth Holder rose from his seat, went before the Buddha, and said to him: "World-Honored One, if any living being hears this Bodhisattva Regarder of the Cries of the World chapter, hears of the freedom of his actions and the divine power of the revelation of the universal gateway, it should be known that this person's blessings are not few."

Lotus Sutra, translated by Kumārajīva, 406 CE

Ěrshí Chídì púsà jí cóng zuò qǐ qián bái Fó yán: “Shìzūn, ruò yǒu zhòngshēng, wén shì Guānshìyīn púsà pǐn, zìzài zhī yè, pǔmén shìxiàn shéntōnglì zhě, dāng zhī shì rén gōngdé bùshào.

爾時持地菩薩即從座起前白佛言：「世尊，若有衆生，聞是觀世音菩薩品，自在之業，普門示現神通力者，當知是人功德不少。

尔时持地菩萨即从座起前白佛言：「世尊，若有众生，闻是观世音菩萨品，自在之业，普门示现神通力者，当知是人功德不少。

(honorific, chiefly Buddhism) Bhagavan; Lord; Honoured One (title of the Buddha)


世尊

From Middle Chinese 世尊 (MC syejH tswon), itself a translation of Sanskrit भगवत् (bhagavat, “deity”), or Pali bhagavā.

...爾時。持地菩薩。即従座起。前白仏言。世尊。若有衆生。聞是観世音菩薩品。自在之業。普門示現。神通力者当知是人。功徳不少...

...ni ji, Jiji Bosatsu, soku ju za ki, zen byaku Butsu gon. Seson, nyaku u shujō, mon ze Kanzeon Bosatsu hon, jizai shi gō, fumon jigen, jinzū rikisha tō chi ze nin, kudoku fu-shō...

(Buddhism) the World-Honored One, an honorific name for the Gautama Buddha


因果

Sino-Xenic (因果):
* → Japanese: 因果(いんが) (inga)
* → Korean: 인과(因果) (in'gwa)
* → Vietnamese: nhân quả (因果)

/in⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

/in⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/

/in⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/in⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/in³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/in⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

/in⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/

/in⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/in⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/in³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

Calque of Sanskrit हेतु (hetu, “impulse, cause”) and फल (phala, “fruit, result”) arising from translation of Buddhist texts. (Dassanayake (2021), pg. 124)


giáo hội

Sino-Vietnamese word from 教會, composed of 教 (“teaching; religion”) and 會 (“assembly”).

vi-etym-sino

Thay mặt lãnh đạo Bộ Công an đón nhận những lẵng hoa tươi thắm và lời chúc mừng tốt đẹp mà Trung ương Giáo hội Phật giáo Việt Nam và Hội thánh Tin lành Việt Nam (miền Bắc) dành cho toàn thể lực lượng CAND, Thứ trưởng Lương Tam Quang gửi lời cảm ơn chân thành và chúc sức khỏe, lời chúc năm mới an lành, hạnh phúc đến toàn thể tăng ni, phật tử, cùng các chức sắc, tín đồ Tin lành Việt Nam.

2024 January 30, Quang Khải, “Trung ương Giáo hội Phật giáo Việt Nam và Hội thánh Tin lành Việt Nam (miền Bắc) chúc mừng lực lượng Công an nhân dịp năm mới [Central Headquarters of Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam and Northern Evangelical Church of Vietnam to Wish Public Security Happy New Year]”, in Cổng thông tin điện tử Bộ Công an [The Portal of the Ministry of Public Security]:

On behalf of the Ministry of Public Security to take fresh bouquets and good wishes from the Headquarters of the Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam and the Evangelical Church of Vietnam (Northern branch) to the whole body of the People's Public Security, Deputy Minister Lương Tam Quang sent his sincere thanks, godspeed and happy new year wishes to all bhikkhus and bhikkhunis and children of the Buddha, as well as the Evangelical clergy and believers.

(Buddhism) a sangha (Buddhist congregation)


সূর্য

head

সূর্য • (śurjo)

bn-prop

সূর্য • (śurjo)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit সূর্য (sū́rya).

lbor

(Vedic religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Surya, the Vedic solar deity


मध्यम

madhyama (romanization)
मध्यमः (nominative singular)
मध्यमौ (dual nominative)
मध्यमाः (nominative plural)
मध्यम (singular vocative)
मध्यमौ (dual vocative)
मध्यमाः (plural vocative)
मध्यमम् (accusative singular)
मध्यमौ (accusative dual)
मध्यमान् (accusative plural)
मध्यमेन (instrumental singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मध्यमैः (instrumental plural)
मध्यमाय (dative singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मध्यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
मध्यमात् (ablative singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मध्यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मध्यमस्य (genitive singular)
मध्यमयोः (dual genitive)
मध्यमानाम् (genitive plural)
मध्यमे (locative singular)
मध्यमयोः (dual locative)
मध्यमेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of मध्यम

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्


प्रज्ञा

prajñā́ (romanization)
प्रज्ञा (nominative singular)
प्रज्ञे (dual nominative)
प्रज्ञाः (nominative plural)
प्रज्ञे (singular vocative)
प्रज्ञे (dual vocative)
प्रज्ञाः (plural vocative)
प्रज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
प्रज्ञे (accusative dual)
प्रज्ञाः (accusative plural)
प्रज्ञया (instrumental singular)
प्रज्ञा1 (instrumental singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रज्ञायै (dative singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
प्रज्ञायै2 (ablative singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
प्रज्ञायै2 (genitive singular)
प्रज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
प्रज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
प्रज्ञयोः (dual locative)
प्रज्ञासु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: প্রজ্ঞা

→ Bengali: প্রজ্ঞা (projna)

→ English: Progya, Pragya

→ Sylheti: ꠙ꠆ꠞꠎ꠆ꠘꠣ (frozna)

→ Hindi: प्रज्ञा (prajñā)

→ English: Pragya

→ Kannada: ಪ್ರಜ್ಞಾ (prajñā)

→ Malayalam: പ്രജ്ഞ (prajña)

→ Marathi: प्रज्ञा (prajñā)

→ Nepali: प्रज्ञा (pragyā)

desctree

Pali: paññā
→ Burmese: ပညာ (pa.nya)
→ Khün: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
→ Lao: ປັນຍາ (pan nyā)
→ Lü: ᦔᧃᦍᦱ (ṗanyaa)
→ Middle Chinese: 般若 (MC paen nyaeX)
Mandarin: 般若 (bōrě)
Cantonese: 般若 (bo1 je5, but3 je5)
Hakka: 般若 (pat-ngiâ)
Min Nan: 般若 (poa̍t-jiá, poa̍t-ché, pat-jé)
→ Japanese: 般若(はんにゃ) (hannya)
→ Korean: 반야(般若) (banya)
→ Vietnamese: bát nhã (般若)
→ Mon: ပညာ (pɔnɲa)
→ Northern Thai: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
→ Old Khmer:
Khmer: បញ្ញា (paññaa)
→ Shan: ပိင်ႇၺႃႇ (pìng nyàa)
→ Thai: ปัญญา (bpan-yaa)

→ Sinhalese: ප්රඥ්ඥාව (pragngnāwa)

→ Tamil: பிரக்யா (pirakyā)

→ English: Pirakya

→ Malayalam: പിരക്യാ (pirakyā)

→ Telugu: ప్రజ్ఞా (prajñā)

desc

→ Urdu: پرگیہ

→ Urdu: پرگیہ

/pɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː/

/ˈpɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā)
From प्र- (pra-, “towards, pro-”) + ज्ञा (√jñā, “to know”).


けっかい

(Buddhism) restricted access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training


苦惱

/kʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lo⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãu⁵³/

/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nãu⁴¹/

/kʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ nau⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lo⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãu⁵³/

/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nãu⁴¹/

/kʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ nau⁵²⁻²¹/

; suffering
Calque of Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).


觀念

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kon²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯am⁵⁵/

/kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiam⁵³/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ nˡiɛŋ²⁴²/

/kuø⁵⁵ n̠ʲi²¹/

/kuø⁵⁵ n̠ʲie²¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kon²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯am⁵⁵/

/kuɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiam⁵³/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ nˡiɛŋ²⁴²/

/kuø⁵⁵ n̠ʲi²¹/

/kuø⁵⁵ n̠ʲie²¹/

(Buddhism) to observe and contemplate one's thoughts


สุวาน

From Pali suvāna (“dog”). Compare with Lao ສຸວານ (su wān).

(Buddhism) clerk of the Naraka hell, bearing the duty to keep records about living beings, such as births and deaths, merits and sins, etc.


大德

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

(Buddhism) honorific for elderly monks, Buddha or Bodhisattva


金剛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (金剛):
* → Japanese: 金剛(こんごう) (kongō)
* → Vietnamese: kim cương (金剛)

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kim²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim³³⁻²³ kɯŋ³³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kim²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kim³³⁻²³ kɯŋ³³/

1883, Adele Marion Fielde, “金”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 249:

Though he were the gods that guard the temple gates I would treat him as if he were clay.

zu⁷ si⁶ gim¹ geng¹, ua² ia⁷ ain³ kang³ i¹ go³ thou⁵.

就是金剛，我亦欲看伊處土。

就是金刚，我亦欲看伊处土。

(Buddhism) tutelary of Buddhist teaching


金剛

金剛 (canonical)
kongō (romanization)
kongau (romanization)
こんがう (hiragana historical)

/komʉ kau/ → /koŋɡau/ → /koŋɡɔː/ → /koŋɡoː/
From Middle Chinese 金剛 (MC kim kang), itself a translation of Sanskrit वज्र (vajra, “diamond, adamant; thunderbolt”).
Compare modern Cantonese 金剛 /金刚 (gam¹ gong¹).

縛日羅

basara, transliteration of Sanskrit vajra

(Buddhism) Short for 金剛界 (kongōkai): the Diamond Realm in Vajrayana Buddhism

金剛界

(Buddhism) Short for 金剛杵 (kongōsho): a vajra (Buddhist double-headed ceremonial mace)

金剛杵

(Buddhism) Short for 金剛力士 (kongō rikishi): a pair of vajra-wielding deities guarding most Buddhist temples

金剛力士

(Buddhism) Short for 金剛童子 (kongō dōshi):


自覚

समाधि समाधि#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) "higher mind": one of the three divisions of the Noble Eightfold Path, equivalent to समाधि (samādhi)


修行

ja-noun

修(しゅ)行(ぎょう) or 修行(すぎょう) • (shugyō or sugyō)

修行 (canonical)
修行 (canonical)
shugyō (romanization)
sugyō (romanization)


修行

修行する (canonical)
修行する (canonical)
shugyō suru (romanization)
sugyō suru (romanization)
修行し (stem)
修行した (past)
修行し
しゅぎょうし
shugyō shi
修行する
しゅぎょうする
shugyō suru
修行すれ
しゅぎょうすれ
shugyō sure
修行せよ (imperative literary)
修行しろ (colloquial imperative)
しゅぎょうせよ (imperative literary)
しゅぎょうしろ (colloquial imperative)
shugyō seyo (imperative literary)
shugyō shiro (colloquial imperative)
修行される (passive)
しゅぎょうされる (passive)
shugyō sareru (passive)
修行させる (causative)
修行さす (causative)
しゅぎょうさせる (causative)
しゅぎょうさす (causative)
shugyō saseru (causative)
shugyō sasu (causative)
修行できる (potential)
しゅぎょうできる (potential)
shugyō dekiru (potential)
修行しよう (volitional)
しゅぎょうしよう (volitional)
shugyō shiyō (volitional)
修行しない (negative)
しゅぎょうしない (negative)
shugyō shinai (negative)
修行せず (continuative negative)
しゅぎょうせず (continuative negative)
shugyō sezu (continuative negative)
修行します (formal)
しゅぎょうします (formal)
shugyō shimasu (formal)
修行した (perfective)
しゅぎょうした (perfective)
shugyō shita (perfective)
修行して (conjunctive)
しゅぎょうして (conjunctive)
shugyō shite (conjunctive)
修行すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しゅぎょうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shugyō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


加護

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu⁵¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu⁵¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ³³/

(Buddhism, of a god) to watch over; to protect


加持

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (加持):
* → Japanese: 加持(かじ) (kaji)
* → Korean: 가지(加持) (gaji)
* → Vietnamese: gia trì (加持)

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

Translation of Sanskrit अधिष्ठान (adhiṣṭhāna, “standing by”) or Pali adhiṭṭhāna. Tibetan equivalent is བྱིན་རླབས (byin rlabs).

der

(Buddhism) adhiṣṭhāna; initiations or blessings


開示

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² si²²/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² si²²/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ si³³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ si³³/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² si²²/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² si²²/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ si³³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ si³³/

(Buddhism) a sermon by an eminent monastic


会者定離

会者定離 (canonical)
eshajōri (romanization)

From 遺教經 (The Sutra on the Buddha's Bequeathed Teachings, a Chinese translation; the original version in Sanskrit has been lost.):
Literal translation (kanbun kundoku) in Japanese:
世(よ)皆(みな)常(つね)無(な)し、会(あ)えば必(かなら)ず離(はな)る有(あ)り。
Yo mina tsune nashi, aeba kanarazu hanaru ari.
Everything about the world is impermanent. A meeting is always accompanied with a parting.

ja-usex

世 皆 常 無し、会えば 必ず 離る 有り。

よ みな つね なし、あえば かならず はなる あり。

世皆無常，會必有離。

世皆无常，会必有离。

(Buddhism) those who meet must part (Every human relationship will end someday due to the transient nature of life.)


dukkha

en-noun

dukkha (countable and uncountable, plural dukkhas)

three marks of existence
three marks of existence

(Buddhism) The three main types of pain, suffering, or stress: physical and mental, impermanence, and conditioned states. One of the three marks of existence.


dukkha

dukkhaṃ (nominative singular)
dukkhāni (nominative plural)
dukkhaṃ (accusative singular)
dukkhāni (accusative plural)
dukkhena (instrumental singular)
dukkhehi (instrumental plural)
dukkhebhi (instrumental plural)
dukkhassa (dative singular)
dukkhāya (dative singular)
dukkhatthaṃ (dative singular)
dukkhānaṃ (dative plural)
dukkhasmā (ablative singular)
dukkhamhā (ablative singular)
dukkhā (ablative singular)
dukkhehi (ablative plural)
dukkhebhi (ablative plural)
dukkhassa (genitive singular)
dukkhānaṃ (genitive plural)
dukkhasmiṃ (locative singular)
dukkhamhi (locative singular)
dukkhe (locative singular)
dukkhesu (locative plural)
dukkha (singular vocative)
dukkhāni (plural vocative)

→ Malay: duka

→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)

→ English: dukkha

→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)

→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)

→ Tagalog: dukhâ

(Buddhism) suffering, discontent, dissatisfaction


居士

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ siː²²/

/ˈt͡ɕy⁴² sz̩¹¹/

/ky⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬo²¹/

/ky⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬɵ²¹/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/kɯ³³⁻²³ sɯ³⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ siː²²/

/ˈt͡ɕy⁴² sz̩¹¹/

/ky⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬo²¹/

/ky⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬɵ²¹/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/kɯ³³⁻²³ sɯ³⁵/

"Master Gotama, there are these four castes: aristocrats, brahmins, merchants, and workers. Three of these castes — aristocrats, merchants, and workers — in fact succeed only in serving the brahmins," (said the youth)

c. 413. Buddhayaśas (佛陀耶舍) and Zhu Fonian (竺佛念), trans. The Dīrghāgama 《長阿含經》 DA 20. English text based on the translation by Bhikkhu Sujato of the parallel text DN 3 in the Pali Tipiṭaka

Mónà bái Fó yán: “Shì yǒu sì xìng — chàlì, póluómén, jūshì, shǒutuóluó; qí bǐ sān xìng, cháng zūnzhòng, gōngjìng, gōngyǎng póluómén.”

摩納白佛言：「世有四姓——剎利、婆羅門、居士、首陀羅；其彼三姓，常尊重、恭敬、供養婆羅門。」

摩纳白佛言：「世有四姓——刹利、婆罗门、居士、首陀罗；其彼三姓，常尊重、恭敬、供养婆罗门。」

(Buddhism, Hinduism, uncommon) Vaishya (one of the four castes of the varna system)


天王

ja-noun

天(てん)王(のう) • (tennō) ^(←てんわう (ten'wau)?)

天王 (canonical)
tennō (romanization)
ten'wau (romanization)
てんわう (hiragana historical)

The ō reading for 王 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).


結界

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

(Buddhism) a gloss for the Sanskrit term sīmābandha


結界

Originally a Buddhist term borrowed from Middle Chinese 結界 (MC ket keajH), itself a translation of Sanskrit सीमाबन्ध (sīmābandha, literally “boundary, edge + bounded”).

女人結界

女人結界 にょにんけっかい

結界限界

結界限界 けっかいげんかい

結界忍術

結界忍術 けっかいにんじゅつ

restricted access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training

in esoteric Buddhism, restricted access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification

a wooden fence or partition separating the inner and outer sanctuaries of a temple, or separating monastic and public seating in the outer sanctuary

an area into which anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training is restricted from entering, such as a 女人結界 (nyonin kekkai, “no-women zone”)


結界

結界する (canonical)
kekkai suru (romanization)
結界し (stem)
結界した (past)
結界し
けっかいし
kekkai shi
結界する
けっかいする
kekkai suru
結界すれ
けっかいすれ
kekkai sure
結界せよ (imperative literary)
結界しろ (colloquial imperative)
けっかいせよ (imperative literary)
けっかいしろ (colloquial imperative)
kekkai seyo (imperative literary)
kekkai shiro (colloquial imperative)
結界される (passive)
けっかいされる (passive)
kekkai sareru (passive)
結界させる (causative)
結界さす (causative)
けっかいさせる (causative)
けっかいさす (causative)
kekkai saseru (causative)
kekkai sasu (causative)
結界できる (potential)
けっかいできる (potential)
kekkai dekiru (potential)
結界しよう (volitional)
けっかいしよう (volitional)
kekkai shiyō (volitional)
結界しない (negative)
けっかいしない (negative)
kekkai shinai (negative)
結界せず (continuative negative)
けっかいせず (continuative negative)
kekkai sezu (continuative negative)
結界します (formal)
けっかいします (formal)
kekkai shimasu (formal)
結界した (perfective)
けっかいした (perfective)
kekkai shita (perfective)
結界して (conjunctive)
けっかいして (conjunctive)
kekkai shite (conjunctive)
結界すれば (conditional hypothetical)
けっかいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kekkai sureba (conditional hypothetical)

to restrict access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training

in esoteric Buddhism, to restrict access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification

to restrict anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training from entering into an area


天道

天道 (canonical)
tendō (romanization)
tendau (romanization)
てんだう (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 天道 (MC then dawX). The 呉音 (goon), so the earlier borrowing.
First cited to a text from 751 CE.

(Buddhism) the heavenly realm, the gods realm (see also Saṃsāra (Buddhism)#Realms of rebirth)


Dzogchen

In Dzogchen, the way of behaving is the key to the practice, not because there are fixed rules as to what one should and should not do, but because the principle is that one must learn to become responsible for oneself, working with one's own awareness.

1996, Kloṅ-chen-pa Dri-med-ʼod-zer, Dzogchen: The Self-perfected State, page 124:

(Tibetan Buddhism) The Great Perfection; the state of contemplation beyond the mind; not unconscious, but mental processes not conditioning of awareness.

(Tibetan Buddhism) The corresponding teachings found in Nyingmapa and the non-Buddhist Bonpo.


rinpoche

(Tibetan Buddhism) A title warranting great respect, prefixed to the names of Tibetan Buddhists.


anatman

(Buddhism) The doctrine that there is no transcendental ego or soul; that the perceived true self is an illusion. Corresponds to the Hinayana or Theravada Buddhist doctrine of anattā.

အနတ္တ

Buddhist doctrine that there is no transcendental ego or soul


anatman

(Buddhism) anatman (doctrine that there is no transcendental ego or soul)


究竟

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³³ kɪŋ³⁵/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/

/kiu¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ¹¹/

/kiu²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪŋ²¹/

/kiu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ keŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³³ kɪŋ³⁵/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/

/kiu²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/

/kiu¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ¹¹/

/kiu²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪŋ²¹/

/kiu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ keŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

(Buddhism) niṣṭhā; ultimate end; culmination


arahant

arahā (nominative singular)
arahaṃ (nominative singular)
arahanto (nominative singular)
arahanto (nominative plural)
arahantā (nominative plural)
arahā (nominative plural)
arahantaṃ (accusative singular)
arahanto (accusative plural)
arahante (accusative plural)
arahatā (instrumental singular)
arahantena (instrumental singular)
arahantehi (instrumental plural)
arahantebhi (instrumental plural)
arahato (dative singular)
arahantassa (dative singular)
arahataṃ (dative plural)
arahantānaṃ (dative plural)
arahatā (ablative singular)
arahantasmā (ablative singular)
arahantamhā (ablative singular)
arahantā (ablative singular)
arahantehi (ablative plural)
arahantebhi (ablative plural)
arahato (genitive singular)
arahantassa (genitive singular)
arahataṃ (genitive plural)
arahantānaṃ (genitive plural)
arahati (locative singular)
arahantasmiṃ (locative singular)
arahantamhi (locative singular)
arahante (locative singular)
arahantesu (locative plural)
arahaṃ (singular vocative)
arahanta (singular vocative)
arahanto (plural vocative)
arahantā (plural vocative)

→ English: arahant

→ Spanish: arahant

Inherited from Sanskrit अर्हत् (arhat, “deserving, worthy, entitled to”).


tulka

Since the Dalai Lama is a tulka, he can choose to be reborn as he pleases to serve humanity.

(Buddhism) In Tibetan Mahayana, a particular high-ranking lama who can choose their own manner of rebirth.


darshan

en-noun

darshan (countable and uncountable, plural darshans)

From Sanskrit दर्शन (darśana, “vision”), from a root दृश् (dṛś, “to see”).

A common sight in India is a crowd of people gathered in the courtyard of a temple or at the doorway of a streetside shrine for the darshan of the deity.

2002, S. Brent Plate, Religion, Art, and Visual Culture: A Cross-Cultural Reader, →ISBN, page 171:

Hindus take darshan of a holy person, object, or place, believing that its mere presence, particularly the sight of it, conveys blessings.

2006, Linda Hess, chapter 8, in The Life of Hinduism, page 183:

When approaching a soul who is known to give darshan, be in the same area of the superconscious mind that you feel he must be in.

2007, Editors of Hinduism Today, What Is Hinduism?: Modern Adventures Into a Profound Global Faith, page 151:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Hierophany, theophany; being in the presence of the divine or holy (as a person or object).


sunyata

sunyata (countable and uncountable, plural sunyatas)

From Sanskrit शून्यता (śūnyatā), from शून्य (śūnya, “zero, nothing”) + ता (-tā, “generalizing suffix”). Cognate with Pali suññatā.

1993, Sunyata, Emptiness and Self-emptying, Kenosis by Ven. Dr. Rewata Dhamma published in Buddhist - Christian Dialogue London, 27th March
However since emptiness empties itself and so cannot itself be an object of attachment, dynamic 'sunyata' empties itself out as just the things themselves.

(Buddhism) Emptiness, the absence of an intrinsic essence or nature which is stable and separable from other things.


Lotus Sutra

From a calque of Sanskrit सद्धर्मपुण्डरीकसूत्र (Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra).

cal

सद्धर्मपुण्डरीकसूत्र

(Hinduism, Buddhism) "Sūtra on the White Lotus of the Sublime Dharma Saddharma Puṇḍarīka Sūtra", a popular Sanskrit treatise which forms the basis of many forms of Buddhism.


勢至菩薩

勢至菩薩 (canonical)
Seishi Bosatsu (romanization)

(Buddhism) Mahasthamaprapta, the bodhisattva of wisdom and strength


奈落

/naɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/naɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Transliteration of Sanskrit नरक (naraka).


奈落

Daijirin
Daijisen
Naraka (Buddhism)
ja:奈落
ja:松村明

From Sanskrit नरक (naraka).
First cited to a text from 985 CE.


biku

From Malay biku from Pali bhikkhu (“beggar, Buddhist monk”), from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣú, “mendicant”).


biku

ms-noun

biku (Jawi spelling بيکو, plural biku-biku, informal 1st possessive bikuku, 2nd possessive bikumu, 3rd possessive bikunya)

بيکو (Jawi)
biku-biku (plural)
bikuku (first-person informal possessive)
bikumu (possessive second-person)
bikunya (possessive third-person)

From Pali bhikkhu (“beggar, Buddhist monk”) likely via Thai, from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣú, “mendicant”). Doublet of biksu.


呪法

呪法 (canonical)
juhō (romanization)
zyufofu (romanization)
じゅほふ (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) ritual where incantations are chanted


鬼法

(Buddhism) the practices of demons or evil spirits


Teireaváda

Teireaváda (genitive)
Teireaváda
Theireaváda
dTeireaváda

Borrowed from Pali theravāda, from Sanskrit स्थविरवाद (sthaviravāda).


cóán

head

cóán m (genitive singular cóáin, nominative plural cóáin)

cóáin (genitive singular)
cóáin (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
cóán (indefinite singular)
cóáin (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a chóáin (indefinite singular)
a chóána (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
cóáin (indefinite singular)
cóán (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an cóán (definite singular)
na cóáin (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an chóáin (definite singular)
na gcóán (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an gcóán (definite singular)
don chóán (definite singular)
leis na cóáin (definite plural)
cóán
chóán
gcóán

Borrowed from Japanese 公案 (kōan), from Chinese 公案 (gōng'àn, “official business”).


Dalaí Láma

Dalaí Láma (genitive)
Dalaí Láma
Dhalaí Láma
nDalaí Láma

From Tibetan ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ (tā la'i bla ma), compound of Mongolian ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ (dalai, “ocean”) + Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma, “lama”).


nirbheána

head

nirbheána m (genitive singular nirbheána)

nirbheána (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
nirbheána (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a nirbheána (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an nirbheána (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an nirbheána (definite singular)
don nirbheána (definite singular)

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”).


Naraka

(Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism) The underworld or Hell according to Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, where souls are sent for the expiation of their sins.


億劫

ja-noun

億劫(おっくう) or 億(おっ)劫(こう) or 億劫(おくこう) • (okkū or okkō or okukō)

億劫 (canonical)
億劫 (canonical)
億劫 (canonical)
okkū (romanization)
okkō (romanization)
okukō (romanization)

Originally from Buddhism, literally "a trillion kalpa" or a very long time. The おっくう reading shifts from おっこう


聖法

聖(しょう)法(ほう) • (shōhō)


在家

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵/


正行

正(しょう)行(ぎょう) • (shōgyō)

(Buddhism) correct practices for living life


正法

正(しょう)法(ほう) • (shōhō) ^(←しやうはう (syaufau)?)

正法 (canonical)
shōhō (romanization)
syaufau (romanization)
しやうはう (hiragana historical)


gompa

And when finally I got to the end of the five-hour drive over the highest motorable pass in the world, it was to learn that the gompa in Hunder was closed.

2009 March 13, Pico Iyer, “Heaven’s Gate”, in New York Times:

(Buddhism) A Buddhist ecclesiastical fortification of learning, lineage and sadhana in Tibet, India, Nepal, or Bhutan.


ceithre fhírinne thriathacha

ceithre fhírinne thriathacha
cheithre fhírinne thriathacha
gceithre fhírinne thriathacha


五大

(Buddhism) the five elements: earth, water, fire, air, space.


鬼畜

zh-l

餓鬼／饿鬼 (èguǐ)

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/


立花

立花 (canonical)
rikka (romanization)
ritukwa (romanization)
りつくわ (hiragana historical)

/rikkwa/ → /rikka/
Possibly from Middle Chinese compound 立花 (MC lip xwae, “lit. stand + flower”) or 立華 (MC lip xwae, “lit. stand + flower”).
Alternatively, coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived components.

(Buddhism) a style of floral arrangement as an offering, typically using branches of pine or plum placed upright in a copper vase


ရုံ

Borrowed from Pali ārāma (“pleasure, park, monastery”). Contraction of အာရာမ (arama.).

bor+

မဟာဂန္ဓာရုံကျောင်းတိုက်

(Buddhism) used in the names of Buddhist monasteries


善男

/ʂän⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/siɛn²²⁻²¹ lam²⁴/

/siɛn⁴¹⁻²² lam²⁴/

/siɛn²²⁻²¹ lam¹³/

/siɛn³³⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/siɛn³³⁻²¹ lam²³/

/ʂän⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/siɛn²²⁻²¹ lam²⁴/

/siɛn⁴¹⁻²² lam²⁴/

/siɛn²²⁻²¹ lam¹³/

/siɛn³³⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/siɛn³³⁻²¹ lam²³/


善男

[d͡zẽ̞nːã̠ɴ]


福田

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit पुण्यक्षेत्र (puṇyakṣetra), from पुण्य (puṇya, “merit”) + क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “field”).

cal

पुण्यक्षेत्र

compound

(Buddhism) field for growing happiness; domain for practices leading to enlightenment


安居

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/


朝山

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) to make a pilgrimage to a great mountain


無明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (無明):
* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)
* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)
* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)

/mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/


無明

ja-noun

無(む)明(みょう) or 無明(mumyō) • (mumyō or mumyō)

無明 (canonical)
無明 (canonical)
mumyō (romanization)

(religion, Buddhism): avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence


破魔師

Compound of 破魔 (hama, “exorcism”) + 師 (shi, “master, practitioner”).


破魔術

破魔術 (canonical)
hamajutsu (romanization)

Compound of 破魔 (hama, “exorcism”) + 術 (jutsu, “technique”).

(Buddhism) exorcism (the technique of exorcising, rather than the act of doing so)


法師

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (法師):
* → Japanese: 法(ほう)師(し) (hōshi)
* → Korean: 법사(法師) (beopsa)
* → Vietnamese: pháp sư (法師)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

(Buddhism) one who has mastered the sutras


手板

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐu̯³⁵ paːn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pan⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pan⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pan⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pan⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pan⁴¹/

/ʂəu̯⁴¹ pan⁴¹/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐu̯³⁵ paːn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pan⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pan⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pan⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pan⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pan⁴¹/

/ʂəu̯⁴¹ pan⁴¹/