法眼

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (法眼):
* → Japanese: 法眼(ほうげん) (hōgen)
* → Korean: 법안(法眼) (beoban)

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faːt̚³ ŋaːn¹³/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ ŋaŋ³³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡan⁵⁵⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ ɡan⁵³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ ɡan⁴¹/

/faʔ³³ ŋe⁴⁴/

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faːt̚³ ŋaːn¹³/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ ŋaŋ³³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡan⁵⁵⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ ɡan⁵³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ ɡan⁵³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ ɡan⁴¹/

/faʔ³³ ŋe⁴⁴/

; "eye of the law"; etc.
; "Buddhist teaching; etc"

(Buddhism) "eye of the law" (either "mind which perceives both past and future" or "insight into the dharma")

Why does the Buddha speak of this dharma-teaching? So that his pupils (may) learn and become like the Buddha.

1001, *Devaśāntika (天息災) aka. Faxian (法賢), trans. Ratnaguṇasaṃcayagāthā (《佛母寶德藏般若波羅蜜經》)

Yúnhé Fó shuō cǐ fǎyǎn, lìng zhū dìzǐ rú Fó xué.

云何佛說此法眼，令諸弟子如佛學。

云何佛说此法眼，令诸弟子如佛学。


法眼

(Buddhism, historical) high priest; the second-highest rank of Buddhist priest in the Japanese court

(Buddhism, archaic) a title of respect for Buddhist monks, artists, or samurai


本生

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pən³³ sã⁴⁴/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pən³³ sã⁴⁴/


Amitābha

en-proper noun

Amitābha (usually uncountable, plural Amitābhas)

Amitābha
Five Dhyani Buddhas
Guimet Museum

Borrowed from Sanskrit अमिताभ (amitābha, “Immeasurable Light”), from अमित (amita, “unmeasured, boundless, infinite”) + आभा (ābhā, “splendor, light”).

bor

Devotion to Amitābha Buddha is found within most schools of the Mahāyāna, but is the essence of Pure Land practice, which centres on the ‘Buddha invocation’ (Ch. nien-fo, Jap. nembutsu). This is the repetition of ‘Nan-mo A-mi-t’o Fo’ (Ch.) or ‘Nama Amida Butsu’ (Jap.), translations of the Sanskrit ‘Namo Amitābhāya Buddhāya’, meaning ‘Hail to Amitābha Buddha’.

1990, Peter Harvey, “Buddhist Practice: Devotion”, in An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 187:

"Pure Land Buddhism" refers to a set of beliefs and practices that espouses for its aspirants the realization of the stage of non-retrogression (avaivartika; pu t'ui-chuan) either in the present life or through rebirth in a Buddha land or realm (Buddha-kṣetra; fo-kuo) called "Sukhāvatī" (Land of Bliss). […] The Buddha Amitāyus (Wu-liang-shou; Immeasurable Life) or Buddha Amitābha (Wu-liang-kuang; Immeasurable Light) is the 'transcendant' Buddha who presides over the Sukhāvatī world-realm.

1990, Kenneth K[en'ichi] Tanaka, “Pure Land Buddhist Development in India and China prior to Hui-yüan”, in The Dawn of Chinese Pure Land Buddhist Doctrine: Ching-ying Hui-yüan's Commentary on the Visualization Sutra (SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies), Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, →ISBN, page 1:

The Shorter Sukhavativyuha Sutra is chiefly concerned with describing the wonders of Amitabha Buddha's Pure Land, although it also discusses in some detail the characteristics of Amitabha himself.

2004, Mark L. Blum, “Mahayana Scriptures”, in Kevin Trainor, editor, Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 202:

Less well recognized, however, is the central role played in much of early medieval Pure Land Buddhism by deathbed practices and accompanying beliefs about the radical salvific power of one's last nenbutsu, whether understood as the contemplation of the Buddha Amitābha (or Amitāyus, Jpn. Amida) or the invocation of his name.

2004, Jacqueline I. Stone, “By the Power of One's Last Nenbutsu: Deathbed Practices in Early Medieval Japan”, in Richard K[arl] Payne, Kenneth K[en'ichi] Tanaka, editors, Approaching the Land of Bliss: Religious Praxis in the Cult of Amitābha (Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism; 17), Honolulu, Hi.: University of Hawai‛i Press, →ISBN, page 77:

The overall programme of the Pure Land Hall represents the process of rebirth in Sukhāvatī, and the three standing Amitābhas in the shrine represent the three possible manifestations of Amitābha to the dying believer on earth, which is the beginning of that process.

2007, Amy McNair, “Salvation for One”, in Donors of Longmen: Faith, Politics, and Patronage in Medieval Chinese Buddhist Sculpture, Honolulu, Hi.: University of Hawai‛i Press, →ISBN, pages 151–152:

In East Asia, the cult of Amitābha eventually became so widespread that it transcended sectarian distinction, and Amitābha became the most popular buddha in the region. In Tibet, Amitābha worship dates to the early propagation of Buddhism in that country in the eighth century, although it never became as prevalent as in East Asia.

2013, Robert E[vans] Buswell Jr., Donald S[ewell] Lopez Jr., “Amitābha”, in The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 35, column 1:

(Buddhism) A particular buddha; an artistic depiction of this buddha.

In Pure Land Buddhism, a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism, the name of the principal buddha regarded as of celestial origin.

阿彌陀佛 /阿弥陀佛

Pure Land Buddhism: name of the principal buddha

A letter from Mr. [Brian Houghton] Hodgson to Mr. Bayley, was then read, giving an outline of the theocracy of the Buddha system of Nepal. […] According to the information now communicated, the northern Buddhas acknowledge four sets of divine beings, or of superhuman objects of veneration. The first of these is, contrary to the generally supposed atheistical tendency of the faith, one primæval and uncreated deity. This first Buddha manifested five of his attributes, as five secondary Buddhas; in one of whom, Amitabha, or the 'immeasurably splendid,' in Prakrit and Pali, Amitabo, we recognise the Amito of the Japanese.

1827 July, “Asiatic Society of Calcutta”, in The Oriental Herald, and Journal of General Literature, volume XIV, number 43, London: Printed [by J. R. Gordon, 147, Strand] for the editor, and sold by all booksellers, →OCLC, page 147:

In the upper corner, above Mañjushrī's sword, is the figure of the Dhyāni Buddha Amitābha, the 'One of Boundless (or Incomprehensible) Light', of whom the Tashi Lāmas are believed to be incarnations. […] Amitābha presides over the Western Paradise known as Devachān.

2000, “Description of Illustrations”, in W[alter] Y[eeling] Evans-Wentz, editor, The Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation: Or the Method of Realizing Nirvāṇa through Knowing the Mind, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page xxi:

In Vajrayāna Buddhism, the name of the western buddha, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas representing the five qualities of the Buddha.

阿彌陀如來 /阿弥陀如来

Vajrayana Buddhism: name of the western buddha


สังฆราช

th-noun

สังฆราช • (sǎng-ká-râat) (classifier รูป or องค์)

sǎng-ká-râat (romanization)
รูป (classifier)
องค์ (classifier)

/saŋ˩˩˦.kʰa˦˥.raːt̚˥˩/

From สังฆ (sǎng-ká-, “clergy”) + ราช (râat, “king; male chief, head, or leader”); ultimately from Pali saṅgharāja (“pontiff”), from saṅgha (“clergy”) + rāja (“monarch”), possibly via Old Khmer saṅgharāja (“head of a (Buddhist) congregation”). Compare Modern Khmer សង្ឃរាជ (sɑɑngkhɔɔriəc).

der

พระ พระ#Thai

สมเด็จ สมเด็จ#Thai

(พระ~, สมเด็จพระ~) supreme patriarch: leader of a national Buddhist clergy.

พระ พระ#Thai

(Buddhism)
(พระ~) leader of any Buddhist clergy.


遠離

遠離 (canonical)
onri (romanization)
wonri (romanization)
をんり (hiragana historical)

From an earlier borrowing of Middle Chinese 遠離 (MC hjwonX ljeH).

(Buddhism) detachment from all kinds of klesha


ราชาคณะ

/raː˧.t͡ɕʰaː˧.kʰa˦˥.naʔ˦˥/

From ราชา (raa-chaa, “king; chief, lord, master”) + คณะ (ká-ná, “body; entity; group”); literally "entity chief".

com

พระ พระ#Thai

พระครูสัญญาบัตร พระครูสัญญาบัตร#Thai

สังฆราช สังฆราช#Thai

สมเด็จพระราชาคณะ สมเด็จพระราชาคณะ#Thai

เจ้าคณะรอง เจ้าคณะรอง#Thai

ธรรม ธรรม#Thai

เทพ เทพ#Thai

ราช ราช#Thai

สามัญ สามัญ#Thai

the Thai ecclesiastical rank above พระครูสัญญาบัตร and below สังฆราช (sǎng-ká-râat, “supreme patriarch”), divided into six sub-ranks (from highest to lowest): สมเด็จพระราชาคณะ (sǒm-dèt-prá-raa-chaa-ká-ná), เจ้าคณะรอง, ธรรม (tam), เทพ (têep), ราช (râat), and สามัญ (sǎa-man).

พระ พระ#Thai

(Buddhism) (พระ~)
person holding such rank.


สมเด็จพระราชาคณะ

th-noun

สมเด็จพระราชาคณะ

สมเด็จพระราชาคณะ • (sǒm-dèt-prá-raa-chaa-ká-ná)

/som˩˩˦.det̚˨˩.pʰra˦˥.raː˧.t͡ɕʰaː˧.kʰa˦˥.naʔ˦˥/

From สมเด็จ (sǒm-dèt, “honorific for gods, priests, royals, etc”, literally “condition of being supreme in status or power”) + พระ (prá, “honorific for gods, priests, royals, etc”, literally “distinguished; divine; excellent; holy; sacred; superior; etc”) + ราชาคณะ (raa-chaa-ká-ná, “ecclesiastical rank”, literally “entity chief”).

com

สังฆราช สังฆราช#Thai

ราชาคณะ ราชาคณะ#Thai

the second highest Thai ecclesiastical rank after สังฆราช (sǎng-ká-râat, “supreme patriarch”), being the highest sub-rank of ราชาคณะ (raa-chaa-ká-ná).


उपासक

→ Middle Chinese: 優婆塞 (MC 'juw ba sojH|sok)

Chinese: 優婆塞 /优婆塞 (yōupósè)

→ Japanese: 優婆塞 (うばそく, ubasoku)

→ Korean: 우바새 (ubasae) (優婆塞)

Pali: upāsaka

→ Tocharian B: upāsake

भिक्षु भिक्षु

(Buddhism) a Buddhist lay worshipper (as distinguished from the भिक्षु)


普渡

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

(Buddhism) to save (sentient beings) universally


普渡

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

(Buddhism) Ghost Festival; Ullambana Festival


業障

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/jiːp̚² t͡sœːŋ³³/

/ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/ɡiap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/ɡiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/jiːp̚² t͡sœːŋ³³/

/ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/ɡiap̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

/ɡiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɔŋ²¹/

/ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ¹¹/

/ɡiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɔŋ²¹/

Translation of Sanskrit कर्मावरण (karmāvaraṇa, “karmic obstruction”). The Tibetan equivalent is ལས་ཀྱི་སྒྲིབ་པ (las kyi sgrib pa).

der

(Buddhism) sin that detracts from one's good works; karmic hindrance


有生

有生 (canonical)
ushō (romanization)
usyau (romanization)
うしやう (hiragana historical)


法名

ja-r

法名(ほうみょう) (hōmyō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (法名):
* → Japanese: 法名(ほうみょう) (hōmyō)
* → Korean: 법명(法名) (beommyeong)
* → Vietnamese: pháp danh (法名)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ mɪŋ²¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ mɪŋ²¹/


法名

ja-noun

法(ほう)名(みょう) • (hōmyō) ^(←ほふみやう (fofumyau)?)

法名 (canonical)
hōmyō (romanization)
fofumyau (romanization)
ほふみやう (hiragana historical)


弘法

/xʊŋ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐŋ²¹ faːt̚³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚⁵/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² huat̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ huat̚³²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ huat̚³²/

/xʊŋ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐŋ²¹ faːt̚³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚⁵/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² huat̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ huat̚³²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ huat̚³²/

(Buddhism) to propagate Buddhist teachings


弘法

弘法 (canonical)
guhō (romanization)
gufofu (romanization)
ぐほふ (hiragana historical)

/ɡupopu/ → /ɡuɸoɸu/ → /ɡuhoː/
From Middle Chinese 弘法 (MC hwong pjop).

(Buddhism) the propagation of Buddhist teachings


弘法

弘法する (canonical)
guhō suru (romanization)
gufofu (romanization)
弘法し (stem)
弘法した (past)
弘法し
ぐほうし
guhō shi
弘法する
ぐほうする
guhō suru
弘法すれ
ぐほうすれ
guhō sure
弘法せよ (imperative literary)
弘法しろ (colloquial imperative)
ぐほうせよ (imperative literary)
ぐほうしろ (colloquial imperative)
guhō seyo (imperative literary)
guhō shiro (colloquial imperative)
弘法される (passive)
ぐほうされる (passive)
guhō sareru (passive)
弘法させる (causative)
弘法さす (causative)
ぐほうさせる (causative)
ぐほうさす (causative)
guhō saseru (causative)
guhō sasu (causative)
弘法できる (potential)
ぐほうできる (potential)
guhō dekiru (potential)
弘法しよう (volitional)
ぐほうしよう (volitional)
guhō shiyō (volitional)
弘法しない (negative)
ぐほうしない (negative)
guhō shinai (negative)
弘法せず (continuative negative)
ぐほうせず (continuative negative)
guhō sezu (continuative negative)
弘法します (formal)
ぐほうします (formal)
guhō shimasu (formal)
弘法した (perfective)
ぐほうした (perfective)
guhō shita (perfective)
弘法して (conjunctive)
ぐほうして (conjunctive)
guhō shite (conjunctive)
弘法すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ぐほうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
guhō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


沙門

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (沙門):
* → Japanese: 沙門(しゃもん) (shamon)
* → Korean: 사문(沙門) (samun)
* → Vietnamese: sa môn (沙門)

Possibly from Tocharian, likely the Tocharian A ṣāmaṃ (Ji, 1998v12). Ultimately from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa), possibly via Gandhari 𐨮𐨨𐨣 (ṣamana /ʂəmənə/) (see Karashima, 2010).

/ʂä⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/


pure land

A calque of Chinese 淨土 /净土 (jìngtǔ) and Japanese 浄土 (jōdo), both meaning "pure land".

(Buddhism) The celestial realm or pure abode of a buddha or bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.


淨土

Other

English: Pure Land, pure land

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ²² tʰou̯³⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tʰɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tʰɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tʰɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ³³⁻²¹ tʰɔ⁴¹/

/t͡seŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰou⁵²/

/ʑin²² tʰu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ²² tʰou̯³⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tʰɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tʰɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tʰɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ³³⁻²¹ tʰɔ⁴¹/

/t͡seŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰou⁵²/

/ʑin²² tʰu⁴⁴/


經書

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/kin²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/kĩã³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ³³/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/kin²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/kĩã³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ³³/

classic books; classic texts
(specifically, Buddhism) scriptures


гэлэн

mn-noun

гэлэн • (gelen) (Mongolian spelling ᠭᠡᠯᠦᠩ (gelüng)); (hidden-g declension)

gelen (romanization)
ᠭᠡᠯᠦᠩ (Mongolian)
hidden-g declension (romanization)


гэлэнмаа

гэлэнмаа • (gelenmaa) (Mongolian spelling ᠭᠡᠯᠣᠩᠮᠠ (gelongm-a)); (regular declension)

gelenmaa (romanization)
ᠭᠡᠯᠣᠩᠮᠠ (Mongolian)

Borrowed from Tibetan དགེ་སློང་མ (dge slong ma), equivalent to гэлэн (gelen, “monk, bhikkhu”) + -маа (-maa).


དགེ་སློང་མ

desc

Classical Mongolian: ᠭᠡᠯᠣᠩᠮᠠ (gelongm-a)

Khalkha Mongolian: гэлэнмаа (gelenmaa)


བསྟན་པ

/tɛ̃˥˥.pa˥˥/

(Buddhism) doctrine (a single doctrine, or a whole system of doctrines)


俗家

/su³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚² kaː⁵⁵/

/su³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚² kaː⁵⁵/

(Buddhism, used by a monk or a nun) my parents' home


唵嘛呢叭咪吽

ㄢˇ ㄇㄚ ㄋㄧ ㄅㄟ ㄇㄟ ㄏㄨㄥ

ㄛㄫ ㄇㄚ ㄋㄧ ㄅㄟ ㄇㄟ ㄏㄨㄥ

ань мани бэймэй хун

/ˀän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵⁵ xʊŋ⁵⁵/

ун мани бэймэй хун

/ˀʊŋ⁵⁵ mä⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵⁵ xʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀʊŋ⁵⁵ mä⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵⁵ xʊŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit ॐ मणिपद्मे हूं (oṃ maṇipadme hūṃ).

bor

ॐ मणिपद्मे हूं


祖語

From Middle Chinese 祖語 (MC tsuX ngjoX, literally “ancestor + words, language”).

ltc-l

(Buddhism) the words of the founder of a particular sect


佛珠

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/fɐt̚² t͡syː⁵⁵/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴⁴/

/put̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴⁴/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/fɐt̚² t͡syː⁵⁵/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴⁴/

/put̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴⁴/


舍利

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

/sɛː³³ lei̯²²/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

/sɛː³³ lei̯²²/

Borrowed from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”).

(Buddhism) śarīra (relics, especially pearl-like objects, found in the cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters)


舍利

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

(Buddhism, archaic) name of a bird (probably the myna), said to inhabit the Pure Land


舍利

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

(Buddhism) mother of Śāriputra (舍利弗), a chief male disciple of Gautama Buddha


禪師

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ny⁵⁵/

/siɛn¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/siɛn²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɛn²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/siɛn²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ny⁵⁵/

/siɛn¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/siɛn²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/siɛn²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/siɛn²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

(Buddhism, honorific, usually as a title) Buddhist monk


釋迦

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚²⁻⁵ kʰia⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kia⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ kiau⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiau⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰia⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚²⁻⁵ kʰia⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kia⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ kiau⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiau⁴⁴/

釋迦牟尼 釋迦牟尼#Chinese

释迦牟尼 释迦牟尼#Chinese

(Buddhism) Short for 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní, “Śakyamuni Buddha”).


釋迦

Japanese: 釈迦 (Shaka)

From Middle Chinese 釋迦 (MC syek kja), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit शाक्य (Śākya)

舎加乃美阿止伊波爾宇都志於伎宇夜麻比弖乃知乃保止氣爾由豆利麻都良牟佐佐義麻宇佐牟

Śakya’s holy footprints which I inscribe copies on rock and revere, to the future Buddha I bequeath and dedicate, I humbly consecrate!

Shaka no₂ mi₁-ato₂ ipa ni utusi-oki₁ uyamapi₁te no₂ti no₂ poto₂ke₂ ni yuduri-maturamu sasage-mausamu


來生

/laɪ̯³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/lai²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/lai¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lai²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lai²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lai²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/laɪ̯³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/lai²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/lai¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lai²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lai²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lai²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

(Buddhism) the future world; the next world; the world to come; the afterlife; the next life


心水

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(Buddhism) mind that can reflect reality


沙彌

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (沙彌):
* → Korean: 사미(沙彌) (sami)

Other

→ Malay: sami

→ Vietnamese: sa di

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁴⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁴⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁴⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁴⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴⁴/

From Tocharian (Ji, 1998v12), in turn from Middle Indo-Aryan; cf. Tocharian A ṣāmner, Tocharian B ṣanmire or its variant form ṣarmire (Adams, 2013). Cognate to Niya Prakrit 𐨮𐨨𐨣𐨅𐨪 (ṣamanera), 𐨮𐨨𐨎𐨣𐨅𐨪 (ṣamaṃnera) or the partially Sanskritized form 𐨭𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨣𐨅𐨪 (śramanera), Pali sāmaṇera, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit श्रामणेर (śrāmaṇera), which is itself possibly a back-formation from Prakrit. One Tibetan equivalent is གྲྭ་ཆུང (grwa chung).


貧僧

/pʰin³⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɐn²¹ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰin³⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɐn²¹ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

(Buddhism, humble) term of address used by a Buddhist monk to refer to oneself; I


僧徒

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

(Buddhism) Buddhist believers; monks and nuns


ปาง

(Hinduism, Buddhism) mudra: attitude, gesture, or position (of gods, buddhas, statues, etc).


玄關

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

(figurative, Buddhism) entry to Buddhism


當頭棒喝

ㄉㄤ ㄊㄡˊ ㄅㄤˋ ㄏㄜˋ

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɤ⁵¹/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹ pʰaːŋ¹³ hɔːt̚³/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ pɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɤ⁵¹/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹ pʰaːŋ¹³ hɔːt̚³/

(Buddhism, of a novice monk) to receive a blow with a stick or a yell by his master to bring about instant realization or awakening


棒喝

/pɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɤ⁵¹/

/pʰaːŋ¹³ hɔːt̚³/

/pɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɤ⁵¹/

/pʰaːŋ¹³ hɔːt̚³/


開光

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (開光):
* → Korean: 개광(開光) (gaegwang)
* → Vietnamese: khai quang (開光)

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

(Buddhism) to perform an eye-opening ceremony for a newly built idol; to consecrate; to bless


မေတ္တာ

my-noun

မေတ္တာ • (metta)

Borrowed from Pali mettā, ultimately from Sanskrit मैत्री (maitrī). Doublet of မိတ် (mit).

(Buddhism) metta, one of the Ten Perfections


菩提薩埵

ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˇ

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵ sä⁵¹ tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵ sä⁵¹ tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”).

bor

Bodhisattvas take refuge in Prajnaparamita, and their minds are without obstruction.

 7th century, Xuanzang (translator), Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra;
Translation from: Red Pine (2008) The Platform Sutra: The Zen Teaching of Hui-Neng, Counterpoint Press, →ISBN, page 149.

Pútísàduǒ yī bōrě bōluómìduō gù, xīn wú guà'ài.

菩提薩埵依般若波羅蜜多故，心無罣礙。

菩提萨埵依般若波罗蜜多故，心无罣碍。


菩提薩埵

菩提薩埵 (canonical)
bodai-satta (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”).
Equivalent to 菩提 (bodai, “bodhi, enlightenment”) + 薩埵 (satta, “being”).

com

…無智亦無得。以無所得故。菩提薩埵。依般若波羅蜜多故。心無罣礙。無罣礙故。無有恐怖。

7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

…there is no knowledge and attainment because there is nothing to attain. The Bodhisattva rests in the wisdom that has been perfected. Because his heart is free of attachments, he has no fear.

…mu chi yaku mu toku, i mu shotoku ko. Bodai-satta, e hannya haramitta ko, shin mu keige, mu keige ko, mu u kufu.


真如

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʐu³⁵/

/t͡sən³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʐu³⁵/

/t͡sən³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

From Sanskrit भूततथता (bhūtatathatā) or Sanskrit तथाता (tathātā).


真如

自性真如

自性真如 じしょうしんにょ

真如縁起

真如縁起 しんにょえんぎ

真如親王

真如親王 しんにょしんのう

随縁真如

随縁真如 ずいえんしんにょ

不変真如

不変真如 ふへんしんにょ


実性

ja-noun

実(じっ)性(しょう) • (jisshō) ^(←じっしやう (zissyau)?)

実性 (canonical)
jisshō (romanization)
zissyau (romanization)
じっしやう (hiragana historical)

円成実性

円成実性 えんじょうじっしょう


진여

(Buddhism, philosophy) suchness, thusness (existence as it is)


chân như

[t͡ɕən˧˧ ɲɨ˧˧]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ ɲɨ˧˧]

[cəŋ˧˧ ɲɨ˧˧]


ဘုန်းကြီး

my-noun

ဘုန်းကြီး • (bhun:kri:) (classifier ပါး or ဦး)

kri: (romanization)
ပါး (classifier)
ဦး (classifier)

→ English: phongyi

Karmadhāraya compound of ဘုန်း (bhun:, “glory”) + ကြီး (kri:, “great”).


ရဟန်း

my-noun

ရဟန်း • (ra.han:) (classifier ပါး or ဦး)

ra.han: (romanization)
ပါး (classifier)
ဦး (classifier)

→ Shan: ရႁၢၼ်း (rǎ háan)


ပဉ္စင်း

ပဉ္စင်း • (panycang:) (classifier ပါး or ဦး)

panycang: (romanization)
ပါး (classifier)
ဦး (classifier)

→ Mon: ပျၚ်

Perhaps from Pali pañcaṅga (“consisting of five things”), in the sense that a fully ordained monk:
* Is one who has abandoned the five factors (Pali pañcaṅgavippahīna) of: lust, ill will, stiffness and torpor, agitation and worry, and uncertainty, and
* Is one who is complete in the five factors (Pali pañcaṅgasamannāgata) of: the aggregate of virtue, concentration, wisdom, liberation, and knowledge/vision of one beyond training.


ကံ

Borrowed from Pali kamma. Doublet of ဧကံ (ekam).

(Buddhism) karma (the sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth)


sangga

From Sanskrit सङ्घ (saṅgha, “group, assembly”). Doublet of sangha.


นิพพาน

From Pali nibbāna (“extinction”); perhaps via Old Khmer nibbāna (“nirvāṇa: final beatitude achieved through emancipation from the cycle of rebirth by extinction of the passions”).
Compare Old Khmer nirbvāṇa, nirbvāna, nirbāna, nirabāna, nirrabāna, nibvāṇa, nibvāna; Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer nirvvāṇa; Angkorian Old Khmer nirvvāṇa, nirvāṇa.
And compare Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa).
Cognate with Modern Khmer និវ៌ាណ (nĭវ៌ាណ), Khmer និព្វាន (nɨppiən), Khmer និរពាន (nipiən).

cog

Khmer និវ៌ាណ (nĭវ៌ាណ)


นิพพาน

th-verb

นิพพาน • (níp-paan) (abstract noun การนิพพาน)

níp-paan (romanization)
การนิพพาน (abstract-noun)

cog

Khmer និវ៌ាណ (nĭវ៌ាណ)


菩提樹

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰɐi̯²¹ syː²²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰe²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰe²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰe¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/pʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰe²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiu³³/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰɐi̯²¹ syː²²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰe²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰe²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰe¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiu²²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/pʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰe²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiu³³/

(Buddhism) bodhi tree (the specific fig tree under which the Buddha sat when he attained enlightenment)


出家人

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ke³³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ke⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ke³³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ke⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

(Buddhism, Taoism) person who has left home to become a monk or nun


ဗေဒ

Borrowed from Pali veda (“Veda; feeling; enthusiasm; emotion; knowledge”).


ဝိညာဉ်

→ Shan: ဝီႉၺဵၼ်ႇ (wḭ̂i nyàen)

Borrowed from Pali viññāṇa, cognate with Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna).

(Buddhism) consciousness;one of the five khandhas.


มายา

From Pali māyā (“jugglery; magic, sorcery, witchcraft; illusion; vision; etc”) or Sanskrit माया (māyā, idem); possibly via Old Khmer māya (“deception, fraud; unreality; pretence; illusion; etc”). Cognate with Modern Khmer មាយា (miəyiə). Extended as Thai มารยา (maan-yaa, “pretence, acting; craft, cunning; etc”).

cog

มหา มหา#Thai

สิริ สิริ#Thai

(Buddhism) (มหา~, สิริมหา~) Māyā, a queen of the Śākya Kingdom, the biological mother of the Buddha.


佛堂

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (佛堂):
* → Japanese: 仏堂(ぶつどう) (butsudō)
* → Korean: 불당(佛堂) (buldang)
* → Vietnamese: phật đường (佛堂)

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/fu²¹ tʰaŋ²¹/

/fɐt̚² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tŋ̍²⁴/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² tŋ̍²⁴/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tŋ̍¹³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tŋ̍²⁴/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tŋ̍²³/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/fu²¹ tʰaŋ²¹/

/fɐt̚² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tŋ̍²⁴/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² tŋ̍²⁴/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tŋ̍¹³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tŋ̍²⁴/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tŋ̍²³/


संघ

saṅgh (romanization)
سنگھ (Urdu)
संघ (direct singular)
संघ (direct plural)
संघ (oblique singular)
संघों (oblique plural)
संघ (singular vocative)
संघो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सङ्घ (saṅgha).


วันพระ

From วัน (wan, “day”) + พระ (prá, “god; deity; etc.”).

com

(Buddhism) Buddhist day of worship. There are four such days in a lunar month, corresponding to the different phases of the moon.


กายกรรม

From Sanskrit कायकर्म (kāyakarma, literally “act of body”), from काय (kāya, “body”) + कर्म (karma, “act; action; activity”); equivalent to Thai กาย (gaai) + กรรม (gam).

bor

มโนกรรม มโนกรรม#Thai

วจีกรรม วจีกรรม#Thai

(Buddhism, Hinduism) act done physically, physical conduct, physical action, as opposed to มโนกรรม (má-noo-gam, “act done in mind; act done mentally; mental action”) and วจีกรรม (wá-jii-gam, “act done through speech; act done orally; oral action”).


अमिताभ

amitābh (romanization)
अमिताभ (direct singular)
अमिताभ (direct plural)
अमिताभ (oblique singular)
अमिताभों (oblique plural)
अमिताभ (singular vocative)
अमिताभो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अमिताभ (amitābha).

bor+

अमिताभ बुद्ध
अमिताभ बुद्ध#Hindi

(Buddhism) Synonym of अमिताभ बुद्ध (amitābh buddh, “Amitābha Buddha”)


अमिताभ

amitābha (romanization)
अमिताभः (nominative singular)
अमिताभ (singular vocative)
अमिताभम् (accusative singular)
अमिताभेन (instrumental singular)
अमिताभाय (dative singular)
अमिताभात् (ablative singular)
अमिताभस्य (genitive singular)
अमिताभे (locative singular)

Tatpuruṣa compound of अमित (amita, “measureless”) + आभा (ābhā, “light”).

com

(Buddhism) Amitābha, the principal Buddha of Pure Land Buddhism, a branch of Mahayana


ပညာ

Borrowed from Pali paññā (“intelligence; reason; wisdom; knowledge”), from Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā).

bor+

(Buddhism) prajna, one of the Ten Perfections


下機

(Buddhism) a lack of talent for Buddhist teachings


律宗

/ly⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ly⁵¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/


紅塵

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (紅塵):
* → Japanese: 紅塵(こうじん) (kōjin)
* → Korean: 홍진(紅塵) (hongjin)
* → Vietnamese: hồng trần (紅塵)

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰɐn²¹/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tin²³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tin²⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tin²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² tin¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tin²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ tin²³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰɐn²¹/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tin²³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tin²⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tin²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² tin¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tin²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ tin²³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

Waking from the dreams of the world of mortals, all just comes to nothing; beauty and youthfulness are like yesterday.

Âng-tîn bāng-chhíⁿ chi̍t tiûⁿ khang, bí-lē chheng-chhun chhin-chhiūⁿ cha̋ng.

紅塵夢醒一場空，美麗青春親像昨。

红尘梦醒一场空，美丽青春亲像昨。

(figuratively, Buddhism, Taoism) world of mortals; human society; worldly affairs


รัตนตรัย

th-proper noun

รัตนตรัย • (rát-dtà-ná-dtrai) (classifier องค์)

rát-dtà-ná-dtrai (romanization)
องค์ (classifier)

From Old Khmer ratnatrai, ratanatraiya (literally “triple gem”), from ratna, ratana (“gem”) + trai, traiya (“triple”); equivalent to รัตน (rát-dtà-ná-) + ตรัย (dtrai). Cognate with Modern Khmer រត្នត្រ័យ (rɔɔtnɑɑtray), រត្នត្រៃ (rɔɔtnɑɑtray); Lao ລັດຕະນະໄຕ (lat ta na tai).

พระ พระ#Thai

ศรี ศรี#Thai

(Buddhism) (พระ~, พระศรี~) Triple Gem: the three main elements of Buddhism, that is, Gautama Buddha, his teachings, and his clergy.


戒行

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

(Buddhism) to adhere strictly to religious precepts


戒規

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) religious discipline; religious precept; commandment


四夷

(Buddhism) Synonym of 四波羅夷 /四波罗夷 (sì bōluóyí)


สมภาร

From Pali sambhāra (literally “to bring together”) or Sanskrit सम्भार (sambhāra, literally “to bring together; to collect”); perhaps via Old Khmer saṃbhāra, °saṃmbhāra (“conditions prerequisite to enlightenment, especially the accumulation of merit; collection, accumulation; provision, materials, necessaries, requisites, equipment; property, wealth; etc”). Cognate with Modern Khmer សម្ភារ (sɑɑsɑmphiə). Doublet of สัมภาระ (sǎm-paa-rá).

bor

(Buddhism) accumulated merits or virtues, prerequisite for becoming a buddha.


香巴拉

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) Shambhala (mythical ideal kingdom)


蘭若

/län³⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːn²¹ jɛː¹³/

/län³⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːn²¹ jɛː¹³/

Short for 阿蘭若 (MC 'a lan nyaeX), from Sanskrit अरण्य (araṇya, “distance, foreign country; wilderness; forest”).

der

(Buddhism, nowadays chiefly in temple names) Buddhist temple


阿蘭若

/ˀä⁵⁵ län³⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀä⁵⁵ län³⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Sanskrit अरण्य (araṇya, “distance, foreign country; wilderness; forest”).

(Buddhism) secluded place; Buddhist temple


taṇhā

Inherited from Sanskrit तृष्णा (tṛ́ṣṇā, “thirst, desire”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tŕ̥šnas, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”).

inh+

(Buddhism) thirst, desire, craving, identified as the principal cause of dukkha


金策

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/


หลวงพ่อ

th-noun

หลวงพ่อ • (lǔuang-pɔ̂ɔ)

/lua̯ŋ˩˩˦.pʰɔː˥˩/

From หลวง (lǔuang, “great; grand”) + พ่อ (pɔ̂ɔ, “father”).

com

(Buddhism) a title used to address senior monks


靈山

/liŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) Alternative name for 靈鷲山／灵鹫山 (Língjiùshān, “Vulture Peak”).


梵譯

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/


ขมา

kà-maa (romanization)
การขมา (abstract-noun)

Borrowed from Pali khamā (“forbearance; forgiveness”), from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā). Cognate with Khmer ខមា (khɑɑkhɑmiə). Doublet of กษมา and ษมา.

bor+

(Buddhism) to express an apology to a dead person by reciting a certain formula.


अमिताभ बुद्ध

hi-proper noun

अमिताभ बुद्ध • (amitābh buddh) m (Urdu spelling امیتابھ بدھ)

amitābh buddh (romanization)
امیتابھ بدھ (Urdu)
अमिताभ बुद्ध (direct singular)
अमिताभ बुद्ध (oblique singular)
अमिताभ बुद्ध (singular vocative)

(Buddhism) Amitābha Buddha (the principal buddha of Pure Land Buddhism)


達摩

/tä³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːt̚² mɔː⁵⁵/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ mɔ̃¹³/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²³/

/tä³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːt̚² mɔː⁵⁵/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ mɔ̃¹³/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²⁴/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² mɔ̃²³/

(Buddhism) dharma (teachings of the Buddha)


盂蘭盆節

ㄩˊ ㄌㄢˊ ㄆㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

Юйланьпэньцзе

/y³⁵ län³⁵ pʰən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ laːn²¹ pʰuːn²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/u³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡soiʔ²/

/y³⁵ län³⁵ pʰən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ laːn²¹ pʰuːn²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/u³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡soiʔ²/

(Buddhism) Ghost Festival; Ullambana Festival


頓悟

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (頓悟):
* → Japanese: 頓(とん)悟(ご) (tongo)
* → Korean: 돈오(頓悟) (dono)
* → Vietnamese: đốn ngộ (頓悟)

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/tɵn²² ŋ̍²²/

/tu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/tɵn²² ŋ̍²²/


大覺

Sino-Xenic (大覺):
* → Japanese: 大覚(だいかく) (daikaku)
* → Korean: 대각(大覺) (daegak)
* → Vietnamese: đại giác (大覺)

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kɔːk̚³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ kak̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kɔːk̚³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ kak̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² kaːu̯³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² kaːu̯³³/

By and by comes the Great Awakening, and then we find out that this life is really a great dream. Fools think they are awake now, and flatter themselves they know if they are really princes or peasants.

Qiě yǒu dàjué ér hòu zhī cǐ qí dàmèng yě, ér yúzhě zì yǐwéi jué, qièqiè rán zhī zhī.

且有大覺而後知此其大夢也，而愚者自以爲覺，竊竊然知之。

且有大觉而后知此其大梦也，而愚者自以为觉，窃窃然知之。

If one day you can fully awaken, you will realize that everything today is just a big dream.

Jīn jiāng yǒu dàjué, ránhòu zhī jīn cǐ zhī wéi dàmèng yě.

今將有大覺，然後知今此之為大夢也。

今将有大觉，然后知今此之为大梦也。

(literary, Buddhism) great awakening; attainment of divine enlightenment


放生

ja-r

放生(ほうじょう) (hōjō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (放生):
* → Japanese: 放生(ほうじょう) (hōjō)
* → Korean: 방생(放生) (bangsaeng)
* → Vietnamese: phóng sinh (放生)

/fɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ³³ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/fɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ³³ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/paŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/paŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sĩ⁴⁴/

(Buddhism) to buy captive fish or birds to set them free (of Buddhists)


放生

(Buddhism) chữ Hán form of phóng sinh (“to release captive animals into the wild”).


อสุรกาย

th-noun

อสุรกาย • (à-sù-rá-gaai)

Borrowed from Pali asurakāya (literally “body of asuras; assemblage of asuras”), from asura (“asura”) + kāya (“body”); equivalent to Thai อสุร + กาย (gaai). Cognate with Khmer អសុរកាយ (ʼɑɑsokaay).

com

อสุร + กาย (gaai)

(Buddhism) a class of malevolent creatures born in the realm of Apāya.


外法

外法 (canonical)
gehō (romanization)
gefofu (romanization)
げほふ (hiragana historical)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 外法 (MC ngwajH pjop). Literally "outer ways", in reference to the methods or principles of those outside of the Buddhist community. First cited in Japanese to roughly 1120.

外法頭

a skull used for divination and witchcraft

外法下駄

a type of geta popular in the early Edo period, with a footbed made of paulownia wood and teeth made of oak

外法箱

a box used by practitioner of tengu-related witchcraft to hold their paraphernalia

(Buddhism) non-Buddhist teachings (from the perspective of Buddhist thought),


外道

/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɔːi̯²² tou̯²²/

/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɔːi̯²² tou̯²²/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ d̥ɑʊ̯¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ d̥ɑʊ̯¹/

/ŋɔːi̯²² tou̯²²/

(Buddhism or figuratively) unorthodox teachings


外道

外道 (canonical)
gedō (romanization)
gedau (romanization)
げだう (hiragana historical)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sangyō Gisho
ja:三経義疏
ja:外道

From Old Japanese. First cited to the 勝鬘経義疏 (Shōman Gyōgi-sho), part of the 三経義疏 (Sangyō Gisho) Buddhist text dated to 611. In turn, from Middle Chinese 外道 (MC ngwajH dawX). Literally "outside the path".


堪布

desctree

→ Middle Mongol: ᠬᠠᠮᠪᠤ (qambu)
Classical Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠮᠪᠤ (qambu)
Buryat: хамба (xamba)
Mongolian: хамба (xamba)

/kʰän⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/kʰän⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan མཁན་པོ (mkhan po), originally calqued from Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya).

(Tibetan Buddhism) khenpo (degree for higher Buddhist studies given in Tibetan Buddhism)


格魯派

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/


噶舉派

/kä³⁵ t͡ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/kä³⁵ t͡ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/


黃教

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(Tibetan Buddhism) Alternative name for 格魯派／格鲁派 (Gélǔpài, “Gelug”).


白教

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(Tibetan Buddhism) Alternative name for 噶舉派／噶举派 (Gájǔpài, “Kagyu”).


兜率天

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (兜率天):
* → Japanese: 兜(と)率(そつ)天(てん) (tosotsuten)
* → Korean: 도솔천(兜率天) (dosolcheon)

/toʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/toʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit तुषित (tuṣita) + Chinese 天 (tiān, “heaven”).

(Buddhism) Tushita (fourth of the six heavens in the Realm of Desire)


波羅提木叉

ja-r

は%ら%だい%もく%しゃ

desc

바라제목차(波羅提木叉)

CJKV/code

は%ら%だい%もく%しゃ

Sino-Xenic (波羅提木叉):
* → Japanese: 波(は)羅(ら)提(だい)木(もく)叉(しゃ) (haradaimokusha)
* → Korean: 바라제목차(波羅提木叉) (barajemokcha)
* → Vietnamese: ba la đề mộc xoa (波羅提木叉)

CJKV

は%ら%だい%もく%しゃ

ㄅㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄧˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄔㄚ

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi³⁵ mu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi³⁵ mu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

Like many other terms in the early Chinese Buddhist lexicon (e.g. the Vinaya of the Dharmaguptaka), likely borrowed from Middle-Indic such as Gandhari 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨡𐨁𐨨𐨂𐨑𐨅 m sg (pradimukhe, “under the law”, locative) as attested in the Khotan Dhammapada. Cognate to Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रातिमोक्ष (prātimokṣa), alternative form प्रतिमोक्ष (pratimokṣa), and Pali pāṭimokkha.

cog

codes of conduct
code of conduct#English

(Buddhism) prātimokṣa (Buddhist monastic laws or codes of conduct)


大仙

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/


మైత్రేయుడు

te-proper noun

మైత్రేయుడు • (maitrēyuḍu) m

From Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya, “friendly, benevolent”) + -డు (-ḍu).

uder

(Buddhism) Maitreya : One of the bodhisattvas following Buddha.


สารท

th-noun

สารท • (sàat)

From Pali sārada (“autumn”). Compare Old Khmer sarāda (“autumn”).

(Buddhism) the festival at the end of the tenth lunar month, in which corps derived from the harvest are cooked and presented to priests.


śarīra

Borrowed from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”).

(Buddhism) A relic, especially a pearl-like object, found in the cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters.


悉曇

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिद्धांत (siddhāṃta).

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵/

(Buddhism) Alternative form of 悉檀 (“siddhanta; tenet”)


พุทธะ

พุทธะ • (pút-tá)

/pʰut̚˦˥.tʰaʔ˦˥/


ભાત

→ Kachchi: ભાંત (bhā̃t)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢 (bhatta) with semantic shift, as rice was distributed among close ones, from Sanskrit भक्त (bhaktá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaktás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-tó-s, from the root *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”). The food sense is a semantic loan from Pali bhatta (“food, meal”). Doublet of ભક્ત (bhakt) and બખત (bakhat).
Cognate with Assamese ভাত (bhat), Bengali ভাত (bhat), Dhivehi ބަތް (bat̊), Hindi भात (bhāt), Marathi भात (bhāt), Sinhalese බත (bata), and Sindhi ڀاتِ (bhāti).


天邪鬼

天邪鬼 (canonical)
amanojaku (romanization)

Compound of 天 (ama, “heaven”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 邪鬼 (jaki, “vengeful spirit, cursing kami”).
The jaku reading for the 邪鬼 term is unusual, and the reason for this deviation from the expected jaki reading is unclear. One theory holds that the reading is a shift from 天探女 (ama no sagume), the name of a yōkai that appears in ancient Japanese tales and that seems to have been conflated with the Buddhist jaki, a malevolent demon that leads people astray from the path to enlightenment:
* /ama no saɡume/ → /amanozaku/ → /amanod͡ʑaku/
There is a cluster of phonologically similar forms listed in some sources, referring either to the Buddhist entity or the yōkai, consistent with the conflation theory:
* /amanod͡ʑaku/, /amanod͡ʑako/, /amanozaku/, /amanozako/, /amanɕaɡume/
The amanojaku reading appears to be the most common reading for the 天邪鬼 spelling.

compound

(Buddhism) in Buddhist statuary, the small devil or demon being trampled under the feet of a 仁王 (Niō, “Deva king”) or one of the 四天王 (Shitennō, “four Deva warriors”)

(Buddhism) in Buddhist statuary, the devil or demon face on the breastplate of 毘沙門天 (Bishamonten, “Vaiśravaṇa”)


ဘွဲ့

→ Shan: ၽွႆႉ (phâ̰ui)

Benedict, as listed by STEDT, tentatively considers the word to be borrowed from Mon (bhwaiʼ "honorary title ( < Mon ? ) ( cf. brâi )"). Other theories take the word as a voiced derivative of Burmese ဖွဲ့ (hpwai., “to tie or twist into a string; to form a union, compose a song”).

cog

(Buddhism) Dharma name for Buddhist monks upon attaining monkhood


मूर्धन्

mūrdhán (romanization)
मूर्धा (nominative singular)
मूर्धानौ (dual nominative)
मूर्धाना1 (dual nominative)
मूर्धानः (nominative plural)
मूर्धन् (singular vocative)
मूर्धानौ (dual vocative)
मूर्धाना1 (dual vocative)
मूर्धानः (plural vocative)
मूर्धानम् (accusative singular)
मूर्धानौ (accusative dual)
मूर्धाना1 (accusative dual)
मूर्ध्नः (accusative plural)
मूर्ध्ना (instrumental singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूर्धभिः (instrumental plural)
मूर्ध्ने (dative singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूर्धभ्यः (dative plural)
मूर्ध्नः (ablative singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूर्धभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूर्ध्नः (genitive singular)
मूर्ध्नोः (dual genitive)
मूर्ध्नाम् (genitive plural)
मूर्ध्नि (locative singular)
मूर्धनि (locative singular)
मूर्धन्1 (locative singular)
मूर्ध्नोः (dual locative)
मूर्धसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Chilisso: [script needed] (mudə)

desc

Grangali: [script needed] (mūndə, “neck”)

Kalasha: mọn

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (muda, “upwards”)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (mundā)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: මුදුන (muduna)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Assamese: মূধ (mudh, “ridge of the roof”)

Old Bengali: মোঢ (moḍha)

Middle Bengali: মোঢ় (mōṛh)

Bengali: মোড় (mōṛ, “roadhead”)

Bengali: মউড়া (mouṛa, “forefront”)

Bengali: মুড়ো (muṛō, “terminal”)

Bihari: मूढ (mūṛh, “root of sugarcane”)

Maithili: मुड (mūṛ)

Odia: ମୁଣ୍ଡ (muṇḍa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Marathi: मुंढी (muṇḍhī)

Pali: muddhan

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Garhwali: मुंड (muṇḍ)

Gujarati: મંડી (maṇḍī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मुढ (muḍh)

Kumaoni: मुंड (muṇḍ)

Nepali: मुंड (muṇḍa)

Punjabi: ਮੁੱਢ (muḍḍha), ਮੁੰਢ (muṇḍh)

Sindhi: मुण्ढु (muṇḍhu), मुण्ढी f (muṇḍhī)

/ˈmuːɾ.d̪ʱɐn̪/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́
Sanskrit मूर्धन् (mūrdhan)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ. Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (kamər^əδa, “head”), Old English molda, Tocharian A malto (“firstly”), and perhaps Ancient Greek βλωθρός (blōthrós, “high (of trees)”).


悪食

ja-noun

悪(あく)食(じき) or 悪(あく)食(しょく) • (akujiki or akushoku)

悪食 (canonical)
悪食 (canonical)
akujiki (romanization)
akushoku (romanization)

[a̠kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟]


悪食

悪食する (canonical)
悪食する (canonical)
akujiki suru (romanization)
akushoku suru (romanization)
悪食し (stem)
悪食した (past)
悪食し
あくじきし
akujiki shi
悪食する
あくじきする
akujiki suru
悪食すれ
あくじきすれ
akujiki sure
悪食せよ (imperative literary)
悪食しろ (colloquial imperative)
あくじきせよ (imperative literary)
あくじきしろ (colloquial imperative)
akujiki seyo (imperative literary)
akujiki shiro (colloquial imperative)
悪食される (passive)
あくじきされる (passive)
akujiki sareru (passive)
悪食させる (causative)
悪食さす (causative)
あくじきさせる (causative)
あくじきさす (causative)
akujiki saseru (causative)
akujiki sasu (causative)
悪食できる (potential)
あくじきできる (potential)
akujiki dekiru (potential)
悪食しよう (volitional)
あくじきしよう (volitional)
akujiki shiyō (volitional)
悪食しない (negative)
あくじきしない (negative)
akujiki shinai (negative)
悪食せず (continuative negative)
あくじきせず (continuative negative)
akujiki sezu (continuative negative)
悪食します (formal)
あくじきします (formal)
akujiki shimasu (formal)
悪食した (perfective)
あくじきした (perfective)
akujiki shita (perfective)
悪食して (conjunctive)
あくじきして (conjunctive)
akujiki shite (conjunctive)
悪食すれば (conditional hypothetical)
あくじきすれば (conditional hypothetical)
akujiki sureba (conditional hypothetical)
悪食し
あくしょくし
akushoku shi
悪食する
あくしょくする
akushoku suru
悪食すれ
あくしょくすれ
akushoku sure
悪食せよ (imperative literary)
悪食しろ (colloquial imperative)
あくしょくせよ (imperative literary)
あくしょくしろ (colloquial imperative)
akushoku seyo (imperative literary)
akushoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
悪食される (passive)
あくしょくされる (passive)
akushoku sareru (passive)
悪食させる (causative)
悪食さす (causative)
あくしょくさせる (causative)
あくしょくさす (causative)
akushoku saseru (causative)
akushoku sasu (causative)
悪食できる (potential)
あくしょくできる (potential)
akushoku dekiru (potential)
悪食しよう (volitional)
あくしょくしよう (volitional)
akushoku shiyō (volitional)
悪食しない (negative)
あくしょくしない (negative)
akushoku shinai (negative)
悪食せず (continuative negative)
あくしょくせず (continuative negative)
akushoku sezu (continuative negative)
悪食します (formal)
あくしょくします (formal)
akushoku shimasu (formal)
悪食した (perfective)
あくしょくした (perfective)
akushoku shita (perfective)
悪食して (conjunctive)
あくしょくして (conjunctive)
akushoku shite (conjunctive)
悪食すれば (conditional hypothetical)
あくしょくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
akushoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[a̠kɯ̟ɕo̞kɯ̟]


貝多

Borrowed from Sanskrit पत्र (patra, “leaf; paper; etc.”) and पत्त्र (pattra, “leaf; leaf prepared for writing on”). Per Luce, compare also Burmese ပေ (pe, “corypha palm”).

bor

/peɪ̯⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/puːi̯³³ tɔː⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/puːi̯³³ tɔː⁵⁵/


貝葉書

/peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/


貝書

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/


多羅

Borrowed from Sanskrit तारा (tārā, “pupil of the eye; Tara”).

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/


偈陀

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/


正定

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tɪŋ²²/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tɪŋ²²/

(Buddhism) one part of the Noble Eightfold Path


Nanda

From Sanskrit सुन्दरी नन्दा (sundarī nandā) or Pali Sundarī Nandā.

nc

सुन्दरी नन्दा

(Buddhism) The half-sister of Gautama Buddha.


Nanda

From Sanskrit सुन्दरनन्द (sundarananda) or Pali Sundarananda.

(Buddhism) The half-brother of Gautama Buddha.


स्कन्ध

skandhá (romanization)
स्कन्धः (nominative singular)
स्कन्धौ (dual nominative)
स्कन्धा1 (dual nominative)
स्कन्धाः (nominative plural)
स्कन्धासः1 (nominative plural)
स्कन्ध (singular vocative)
स्कन्धौ (dual vocative)
स्कन्धा1 (dual vocative)
स्कन्धाः (plural vocative)
स्कन्धासः1 (plural vocative)
स्कन्धम् (accusative singular)
स्कन्धौ (accusative dual)
स्कन्धा1 (accusative dual)
स्कन्धान् (accusative plural)
स्कन्धेन (instrumental singular)
स्कन्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्कन्धैः (instrumental plural)
स्कन्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्कन्धाय (dative singular)
स्कन्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्कन्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्कन्धात् (ablative singular)
स्कन्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्कन्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्कन्धस्य (genitive singular)
स्कन्धयोः (dual genitive)
स्कन्धानाम् (genitive plural)
स्कन्धे (locative singular)
स्कन्धयोः (dual locative)
स्कन्धेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কান্ধ (kandho)

Bengali: কাঁধ (kãdh)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄧𑄚𑄳𑄙 (kandhā), 𑄇𑄧𑄚𑄴𑄙 (kandhā)

Rohingya: hañdá

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠘ꠆ꠗ (xandó)

Pali: khandha

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀁𑀥 (khaṃdha)

Old Marathi: 𑘏𑘰𑘽𑘟 (khāṃda)

Marathi: खांदा (khāndā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਕੰਧ (kandh)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कंधा (kandhā)

Urdu: کندھا (kandhā)

Nepali: काँध (kā̃dh)

→ English: skandha

→ Tamil: கந்து (kantu)

/ˈs̪kɐn̪.d̪ʱɐ/

Perhaps from the root स्कन्द् (skand) (in the sense of “rising”), in which case from Proto-Indo-Aryan *skandʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *skandʰás, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *skendʰ- (“to jump”). Cognate to Latin scandō (I climb).

der

(Buddhism) Any of the five attributes that constitute the sentient being; aggregate, skandha


三藏法師

ㄙㄢ ㄗㄤˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄕ

Саньцзанфаши

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) Tripitaka, another name for 玄奘 (Xuánzàng, “Xuanzang”).


觀音媽

/kua⁵³³⁻²¹ iŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ma⁴⁵³/

guaⁿ¹ ing¹ ma³ [Phonetic:guaⁿ⁵ ing⁵ ma³]

/kũã⁵³³⁻²¹ iŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/kua⁵³³⁻²¹ iŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/kũã⁵³³⁻²¹ iŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/


चक्रवर्ती

hi-noun

चक्रवर्ती • (cakravartī) m (Urdu spelling چکرورتی)

cakravartī (romanization)
چکرورتی (Urdu)
चक्रवर्ती (direct singular)
चक्रवर्ती (direct plural)
चक्रवर्ती (oblique singular)
चक्रवर्तियों (oblique plural)
चक्रवर्ती (singular vocative)
चक्रवर्तियो (plural vocative)

/t͡ʃək.ɾə.ʋəɾ.t̪iː/

[t͡ʃɐk.ɾɐ.ʋɐɾ.t̪iː]

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्रवर्ती (cakravartī).

bor+

(historical, Hinduism, Buddhism) chakravartin, wheel-turner (in reference to the dharmachakra), world-ruler, upholder of dharma, a title taken by Indian emperors


シッダールタ

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिद्धार्थ (siddhārtha).

Hikaru Nakamura, “その89(はちじゅうきゅう) ママ友(とも)会(かい)in(イン)立(たち)川(かわ) [Chapter 89: Moms’ club in Tachikawa]”, in [聖](セイント)☆おにいさん [Saint☆Young Men], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha:

あら シッダールタ 久しぶりね 息子よ


密教

/mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/mɐt̚² kaːu̯³³/

/mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/mɐt̚² kaːu̯³³/


tội nghiệp

[toj˧˨ʔ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[toj˨˩ʔ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[toj˨˩˨ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 罪業 (“Buddhist sin”), from Chinese 罪 (zuì, “sin; crime”) + 業 /业 (yè, “karma”).


𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺

pwrqʾn (romanization)
burhan (romanization)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 (nominative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (definite nominative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (genitive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (definite genitive plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰 (dative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (dative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽲 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽺𐽶 (accusative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (accusative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 (locative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (definite locative plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ablative definite plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺 (instrumental singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (definite instrumental plural)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽰 (equative singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (directive singular)
𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (singular)

desc

→ Karakhanid: بُرْخَنْ (burχan, “idol, Buddha”)

→ Mongolian: бурхан (burxan, “god”)

Calque of Sanskrit बुद्धराजा (buddharājā, “Buddha-King”), nominalized compound of 𐽼𐽳𐽾 (bur, “Buddha”) + 𐽲𐽰𐽺 (han, kan, “ruler, khan”). First element in the compound is borrowed from Middle Chinese 佛 (bɨut̚, “Buddha”), ultimately from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “awake, enlightened”).
Compare the variant 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (burhagan, burkagan), with 𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kagan, “ruler, khagan”) as the second element and Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye (“Buddha”) and its descendants, also with the meaning "king Buddha".


निन्दा

nindā́ (romanization)
निन्दा (nominative singular)
निन्दे (dual nominative)
निन्दाः (nominative plural)
निन्दे (singular vocative)
निन्दे (dual vocative)
निन्दाः (plural vocative)
निन्दाम् (accusative singular)
निन्दे (accusative dual)
निन्दाः (accusative plural)
निन्दया (instrumental singular)
निन्दा1 (instrumental singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निन्दाभिः (instrumental plural)
निन्दायै (dative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (dative plural)
निन्दायाः (ablative singular)
निन्दायै2 (ablative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (ablative plural)
निन्दायाः (genitive singular)
निन्दायै2 (genitive singular)
निन्दयोः (dual genitive)
निन्दानाम् (genitive plural)
निन्दायाम् (locative singular)
निन्दयोः (dual locative)
निन्दासु (locative plural)

Pali: nindā

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀁𑀤𑀸 (ṇiṃdā)

→ Hindi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Kannada: ನಿಂದೆ (ninde)

→ Malayalam: നിന്ദ (ninda)

→ Marathi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Punjabi: ਨਿੰਦਾ (nindā)

→ Tamil: நிந்தை (nintai)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃neyd- (“criticism, abuse, reviling”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 (neiþ, “hatred, spite”), Latvian naids (“hatred”), Ancient Greek ὄνειδος (óneidos, “reproach”).

cog

(Buddhism) one of the eight worldly conditions


三世

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (三世):
* → Japanese: 三(さん)世(ぜ) (sanze); 三(さん)世(せい) (sansei)
* → Korean: 삼세(三世) (samse)
* → Vietnamese: tam thế (三世)

/sän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

Rú sānshì zhūfó, shuōfǎ zhī yíshì, wǒ jīn yì rúshì, shuō wúfēnbiéfǎ.

如三世諸佛，說法之儀式，我今亦如是，說無分別法。

如三世诸佛，说法之仪式，我今亦如是，说无分别法。

(Buddhism) the three periods of time: the past, present, and future.


三世

(Buddhism) the "three lives", namely 前世 (zense, “previous life”), 現世 (gense, “current life”) and 来世 (raise)/後世 (gose, “next life”)


一塵不染

ㄧ ㄔㄣˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄖㄢˇ

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐn²¹ pɐt̚⁵ jiːm¹³/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɐn²¹ pɐt̚⁵ jiːm¹³/

(Buddhism) to be unstained by an evil environment; to be selfless and incorruptible


七情

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(Confucianism, Buddhism, traditional Chinese medicine) the seven emotional states: joy, anger, anxiety, thought, grief, fear, fright


三界

Sino-Xenic (三界):
* → Japanese: 三界(さんがい) (sangai)
* → Korean: 삼계(三界) (samgye)
* → Vietnamese: tam giới (三界)

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯e⁵⁵/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯ai̯⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯e⁵⁵/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯ai̯⁵⁵/

Translation of Sanskrit त्रैलोक्य (trailokya).

(Buddhism) Trailokya or the “three worlds” of Buddhism


十惡

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² ɔːk̚³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² ɔːk̚³/

(Buddhism) ten demeritorious deeds from which Buddhists are advised to keep away


догшин

mn-adj

догшин • (dogšin) (Mongolian spelling ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ (doɣsin))

dogšin (romanization)
ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ (Mongolian)

From Proto-Mongolic *dogsïn, compare Daur dorshin.


提婆

/tʰi³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰi³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

(Buddhism, Hinduism) deva, a god in Hinduism and some Buddhist sects


提婆

/tʰi³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰi³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

(Buddhism) Aryadeva (disciple of Nagarjuna)


面壁

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/mi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

Bodhidharma, the Buddhist monk credited with transmitting Chan (Zen) Buddhism to China, was said to have practised wall-gazing for nine years near the Shaolin Monastery.

(Buddhism) to sit facing the wall in meditation

(figurative, especially Buddhism) to study or work with undivided attention


阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

ja-r

阿%耨%多羅 三藐 三%菩%提

あ%のく%たら さんみゃく さん%ぼ%だい

desc

아뇩다라 삼먁 삼보리(阿耨多羅三藐三菩提)

CJKV/code

あ%のく%たら さんみゃく さん%ぼ%だい

阿%耨%多羅 三藐 三%菩%提

Sino-Xenic (阿耨多羅三藐三菩提):
* → Japanese: 阿(あ)耨(のく)多羅(たら)三藐(さんみゃく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) (anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai)
* → Korean: 아뇩다라 삼먁 삼보리(阿耨多羅三藐三菩提) (anyokdara sammyak sambori)

CJKV

阿%耨%多羅 三藐 三%菩%提

あ%のく%たら さんみゃく さん%ぼ%だい

ㄚ ㄋㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄢ ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ

аноудоло саньмяо саньпути

/ˀä⁵⁵ noʊ̯⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sän⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि (anuttarā samyak sambodhi, literally “highest perfect awakening”). Compare Pali anuttara sammā sambodhi.

bor

अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि

When [the Gautama] Buddha finished preaching on the sutra of Avalokiteśvara, the sentient eighty-four thousand in the crowd were aroused with the supreme and perfect enlightenment.

406 CE, Lotus Sutra, chapter 25 (translation by Kumarajiva)

Fó shuō shì pǔménpǐn shí, zhòng zhōng bāwàn sìqiān zhòngshēng, jiē fā wú děngděng, ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí xīn.

佛説是普門品時，眾中八萬四千眾生，皆發無等等，阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心。

佛说是普门品时，众中八万四千众生，皆发无等等，阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心。

All buddhas of the past, present and future rely on the perfection of wisdom to attain the supreme, perfect enlightenment.

7th century CE, Shorter Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

Sānshì zhū fó, yī bōrě bōluómìduō gù, dé ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí.

三世諸佛，依般若波羅蜜多故，得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。

三世诸佛，依般若波罗蜜多故，得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

(Buddhism) the supreme perfect enlightenment


阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

ja-noun

阿%耨%多%羅%三%藐%三%菩%提

あ%のく%た%ら% さん%みゃく% さん%ぼ%だい

阿(あ)耨(のく)多(た)羅(ら)三(さん)藐(みゃく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) • (anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai)

阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 (canonical)
anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai (romanization)

[a̠no̞kɯ̟ta̠ɾa̠ sã̠mʲːa̠kɯ̟ sã̠mbo̞da̠i]

Ultimately a transliteration from Sanskrit अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि (anuttarā samyak sambodhi, literally “highest perfect awakening”), via Middle Chinese 阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 (MC 'a nowk ta la sam maewk sam bu dej), possibly through Pali anuttara sammā sambodhi.

bor

あのくたらさんみやくさんほたい

अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि

der

あのくたらさんみゃくさんぼだい

ltc-l

阿耨多羅三藐三菩提の仏たちわが立つ杣に冥加あらせたまへ
anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai no hotoke-tachi waga tatsu soma ni myōga arasetamae
O supreme, perfect, and enlightened buddhas (i.e. beings of anuttarā samyak sambodhi), protect the wooded mountains where I stand!

1018, Wakan Rōeishū (book 2, poem 602 by Dengyō-daishi)


Windpferd

de-noun

Windpferd n (strong, genitive Windpferds or Windpferdes, plural Windpferde)

Windpferds (genitive)
Windpferdes (genitive)
Windpferde (plural)
Windpferd (nominative singular)
Windpferde (definite nominative plural)
Windpferds (genitive singular)
Windpferdes (genitive singular)
Windpferde (definite genitive plural)
Windpferd (dative singular)
Windpferde (dative singular)
Windpferden (dative definite plural)
Windpferd (accusative singular)
Windpferde (accusative definite plural)

From Wind + Pferd, a calque of Tibetan རླུང་རྟ (rlung rta).

„Abe jo-jo“, das beschworene Windpferd der tibetanischen Mythologie, das die Gebete der Menschen in den Himmel bringt, bestimmte die 1961–66 entstandene Komposition „Windhorse“ von Toru Takemitsu.

2002 October 22, Peter Imig, “Reich des Schwelgens”, in Die Tageszeitung: taz, →ISSN, page 23:


苾蒭

Re-reading, using the kan'on of 苾 and the kan'yōon of 蒭.


苾芻

/pi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

/pi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

From Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣu). Doublet of 比丘 (bǐqiū).


浄瑠璃

ja-noun

浄(じょう)瑠(る)璃(り) • (jōruri) ^(←じやうるり (zyaururi)?)

浄瑠璃 (canonical)
jōruri (romanization)
zyaururi (romanization)
じやうるり (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːɾɯ̟ɾʲi]

The "narrative music" sense is derived from 浄瑠璃姫 (Jōruri-hime), the name of a rich man's daughter from 浄瑠璃物語 (Jōruri monogatari), expanded to mean a form of music based on the ballad drama.


愛河

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ hɔː²¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ho²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ ho¹³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɤ²³/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ hɔː²¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ho²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ ho¹³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɤ²³/

The river of love dried up in her, and she was able to set you free.

愛河乾枯，令汝解脫。

爱河干枯，令汝解脱。

(Buddhism) the river of lust in which men are drowned once they have fallen; sexual desire, a hurdle on the path to enlightenment


開山

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(Buddhism) to build the first temple on a famous mountain


開山

(Buddhism) foundation/establishment of a temple

(Buddhism) the monk who founded a temple


開山

開山する (canonical)
kaisan suru (romanization)
開山し (stem)
開山した (past)
開山し
かいさんし
kaisan shi
開山する
かいさんする
kaisan suru
開山すれ
かいさんすれ
kaisan sure
開山せよ (imperative literary)
開山しろ (colloquial imperative)
かいさんせよ (imperative literary)
かいさんしろ (colloquial imperative)
kaisan seyo (imperative literary)
kaisan shiro (colloquial imperative)
開山される (passive)
かいさんされる (passive)
kaisan sareru (passive)
開山させる (causative)
開山さす (causative)
かいさんさせる (causative)
かいさんさす (causative)
kaisan saseru (causative)
kaisan sasu (causative)
開山できる (potential)
かいさんできる (potential)
kaisan dekiru (potential)
開山しよう (volitional)
かいさんしよう (volitional)
kaisan shiyō (volitional)
開山しない (negative)
かいさんしない (negative)
kaisan shinai (negative)
開山せず (continuative negative)
かいさんせず (continuative negative)
kaisan sezu (continuative negative)
開山します (formal)
かいさんします (formal)
kaisan shimasu (formal)
開山した (perfective)
かいさんした (perfective)
kaisan shita (perfective)
開山して (conjunctive)
かいさんして (conjunctive)
kaisan shite (conjunctive)
開山すれば (conditional hypothetical)
かいさんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kaisan sureba (conditional hypothetical)


帰依

(Buddhism) refuge; believing in the teachings of the gods and Buddhas and high priests


帰依

帰依する (canonical)
kie suru (romanization)
帰依し (stem)
帰依した (past)
帰依し
きえし
kie shi
帰依する
きえする
kie suru
帰依すれ
きえすれ
kie sure
帰依せよ (imperative literary)
帰依しろ (colloquial imperative)
きえせよ (imperative literary)
きえしろ (colloquial imperative)
kie seyo (imperative literary)
kie shiro (colloquial imperative)
帰依される (passive)
きえされる (passive)
kie sareru (passive)
帰依させる (causative)
帰依さす (causative)
きえさせる (causative)
きえさす (causative)
kie saseru (causative)
kie sasu (causative)
帰依できる (potential)
きえできる (potential)
kie dekiru (potential)
帰依しよう (volitional)
きえしよう (volitional)
kie shiyō (volitional)
帰依しない (negative)
きえしない (negative)
kie shinai (negative)
帰依せず (continuative negative)
きえせず (continuative negative)
kie sezu (continuative negative)
帰依します (formal)
きえします (formal)
kie shimasu (formal)
帰依した (perfective)
きえした (perfective)
kie shita (perfective)
帰依して (conjunctive)
きえして (conjunctive)
kie shite (conjunctive)
帰依すれば (conditional hypothetical)
きえすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kie sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(Buddhism) to become a (devout) believer in Buddhism

(Buddhism) to take refuge in the Three Jewels


般若心経

ja-pos

^はんにゃ ^しんぎょう

般(はん)若(にゃ)心(しん)経(ぎょう) • (Hannya Shingyō) ^(←はんにやしんぎやう (Fannyasingyau)?)

般若心経 (canonical)
Hannya Shingyō (romanization)
Fannyasingyau (romanization)
はんにやしんぎやう (hiragana historical)

Short form of 般若波羅蜜多心経 (Hannya Haramitta Shingyō).

観自在菩薩。行深般若波羅蜜多時。照見五蘊皆空。度一切苦厄。舎利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識亦復如是...

Kanjizai Bosatsu, gyō jin hannya haramitta ji, shōken goun kai kū, do issai kuyaku. Sharishi, shiki fu i kū, kū fu i shiki. Shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki. Ju-sō-gyō-shiki yaku bu nyoze...

Avalokiteśvara, who helps all to awaken, moves in the deep course of realizing wisdom beyond wisdom, sees that all five streams of body, heart, and mind are without boundary, and frees all from anguish. O Sariputra, [who listens to the teachings of the Buddha], form is not separate from boundlessness; boundlessness is not separate from form. Form is boundlessness; boundlessness is form. Feelings, perceptions, inclinations, and discernment are also like this.

(Buddhism) the Heart Sutra, Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra:


ดุสิต

th-noun

ดุสิต • (dù-sìt)

From Pali tusita (literally “contented; gratified; joyed; pleased; satisfied”); perhaps via Old Khmer tusita, tussidda. Cognate with Modern Khmer តុសិត (tosət). Compare Sanskrit तुषित (tuṣita), from which Thai ดุษิต was derived.

bor

Dusit Palace
th:พระที่นั่งดุสิตมหาปราสาท

สันดุสิต สันดุสิต#Thai

(Buddhist cosmology) Tusita, the fourth of the six spheres of heaven, ruled by สันดุสิต.

(Buddhist cosmology) a class of divine beings that live in this sphere.


कुबेर

kuber (romanization)
कुबेर (direct singular)
कुबेर (oblique singular)
कुबेर (singular vocative)

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Kubera, Kuvera (Vedic god of wealth)


कुबेर

kubera (romanization)
कुबेरः (nominative singular)
कुबेरौ (dual nominative)
कुबेरा1 (dual nominative)
कुबेराः (nominative plural)
कुबेरासः1 (nominative plural)
कुबेर (singular vocative)
कुबेरौ (dual vocative)
कुबेरा1 (dual vocative)
कुबेराः (plural vocative)
कुबेरासः1 (plural vocative)
कुबेरम् (accusative singular)
कुबेरौ (accusative dual)
कुबेरा1 (accusative dual)
कुबेरान् (accusative plural)
कुबेरेण (instrumental singular)
कुबेराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुबेरैः (instrumental plural)
कुबेरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुबेराय (dative singular)
कुबेराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुबेरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुबेरात् (ablative singular)
कुबेराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुबेरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुबेरस्य (genitive singular)
कुबेरयोः (dual genitive)
कुबेराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुबेरे (locative singular)
कुबेरयोः (dual locative)
कुबेरेषु (locative plural)

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Kubera, king of the Yakshas, god of wealth, and the guardian of the north direction.


同行二人

ja-pos

同(どう)行(ぎょう)二(に)人(にん) • (dōgyō ninin) ^(←どうぎやうににん (dougyauninin)?)

同行二人 (canonical)
dōgyō ninin (romanization)
dougyauninin (romanization)
どうぎやうににん (hiragana historical)

[do̞ːɡʲo̞ː ɲ̟iɲ̟ĩɴ]

Literally “two persons on the same journey”. That is, the pilgrim walks alongside 弘法大師 (Kōbō Daishi).

(Buddhism) a phrase written on walking sticks, hats, and other implements of pilgrims walking along the 四国巡礼 (Shikoku Junrei, “Shikoku pilgrimage”)


गरुड़

garuṛ (romanization)
گرڑ (Urdu)
गरुड़ (direct singular)
गरुड़ (oblique singular)
गरुड़ (singular vocative)

From Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍá), from the root गॄ (gṝ, “devour”).

(specifically, Hinduism, Buddhism) the legendary Garuda bird, the mount of Lord Vishnu


念彼観音力

ねんぴ ^かんのん りき

念(ねん)彼(ぴ)観(かん)音(のん)力(りき) • (nenpi Kannon riki) ^(←ねんぴくわんおんりき (nenpikwan'onriki)?)

念彼観音力 (canonical)
nenpi Kannon riki (romanization)
nenpikwan'onriki (romanization)
ねんぴくわんおんりき (hiragana historical)

From the gatha of the twenty-fifth chapter of the Lotus Sutra; this same phrase is mentioned 13 times.


缽多羅

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit पात्र (pātra, “(drinking) vessel; bowl; cup; plate; etc.”).

bor

钵多罗
鉢多羅
波多羅
波呾囉
鉢呾羅
播怛囉
鉢和羅
鉢和蘭


pitaka

Borrowed from Sanskrit पिटक (piṭaka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pirtakas.

(Buddhism) A collection of Buddhist scriptures.


บริจาค

th-noun

บริจาค • (bɔɔ-rí-jàak)

/bɔː˧.ri˦˥.t͡ɕaːk̚˨˩/

From Pali pariccāga (“donation, give; presentation; etc”); ultimately from Sanskrit परित्याग (parityāga), from which Thai ปริตยาค (bpà-rít-dtà-yâak) is derived. Cognate with Khmer បរិច្ចាគ (bɑɑrəccaak), Lao ບໍລິຈາກ (bǭ li chāk).

bor

ทศพิธราชธรรม ทศพิธราชธรรม#Thai

(Buddhism) pariccāga: donation, giving away, or sacrifice, being one of the ten virtues that constitute ทศพิธราชธรรม.


曼殊沙華

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (曼殊沙華):
* → Japanese: 曼殊沙華(まんじゅしゃげ) (manjushage)

zh-l

曼珠沙華／曼珠沙华 (mànzhūshāhuá, “Lycoris radiata”)

ㄇㄢˋ ㄕㄨ ㄕㄚ ㄏㄨㄚˊ

/män⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/män⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Sanskrit मञ्जूषक (mañjūṣaka) attested in the translation of the Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra (Lotus Sutra) by Kumārajīva (鳩摩羅什) [c. 403].

psm

[T]here fell a great rain of divine flowers, māndāravas and mahāmāndāravas, mañjūṣakas and mahāmañjūṣakas, covering the Lord and the four classes of hearers.

c. 403, Kumārajīva (鳩摩羅什 (Jiūmóluóshí)), translator. Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra (《妙法蓮華經》). English text based on the translation by Hendrik Kern (1884) with modernised transliteration.

Shìshí tiān yǔ màntuóluóhuá, móhēmàntuóluóhuá, mànshūshāhuá, móhēmànshūshāhuá, ér sàn Fó shàng, jí zhū dàzhòng.

是時天雨曼陀羅華、摩訶曼陀羅華、曼殊沙華、摩訶曼殊沙華，而散佛上，及諸大眾。

是时天雨曼陀罗华、摩诃曼陀罗华、曼殊沙华、摩诃曼殊沙华，而散佛上，及诸大众。

(Buddhism) a flower attested in Buddhist literature


𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀻

From Sanskrit शाक्यमुनि (śākyamuni, “sage of the Shakyas”).

inh

𑀅𑀢𑀦 𑀅𑀕𑀸𑀘 𑀫𑀳𑀻𑀬𑀺𑀢𑁂 𑀳𑀺𑀤 𑀩𑀼𑀥𑁂 𑀚𑀸𑀢𑁂 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀻 𑀢𑀺

c. 252 BCE, Aśoka, Rummindeī Minor Pillar Edict line 3

[…] came in person and worshiped, because the Buddha Sakyamuni was born here.

atana agāca mahīyite hida budhe jāte sakyamunī ti


大雄

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit महावीर (mahāvīra, “great hero”).


韋馱

/weɪ̯³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/ui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to²⁴/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to¹³/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/ui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ²³/

/weɪ̯³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/ui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to²⁴/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to¹³/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/ui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ²³/

Sanskrit स्कन्द (skanda) > transcriptions 塞建陀, 私建陀 > short form 建陀 > misspellings 違陀, 違馱 > the current form.


伽藍

(Buddhism) Short for 僧伽藍摩 (sōgaranma, “a Buddhist temple or monastery”).


มัจจุราช

th-noun

มัจจุราช • (mát-jù-râat)

Borrowed from Pali maccurāja, from maccu (“death”) + rāja (“king”), literally "king of death", equivalent to มัจจุ + ราช (râat).

com

มัจจุ + ราช (râat)

(Buddhism, Hinduism) Yama, the god of death who serves as the overlord of the hells and the judge of the dead.


喇嘛寺

/lä²¹⁴ mä⁴ sz̩⁵¹/

/lä²¹⁴ mä⁴ sz̩⁵¹/


喇嘛廟

ㄌㄚˇ ˙ㄇㄚ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

/lä²¹⁴ mä⁴ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lä²¹⁴ mä⁴ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/


บารมี

From Pali pāramī (“completeness; perfection; supremacy”). Cognate with Old Khmer °pārami, °pārammī, °pārammi, etc; Modern Khmer បារមី (baarĕəʼməy).

bor

ขันติ ขันติ#Thai

ทาน ทาน#Thai

เนกขัมมะ เนกขัมมะ#Thai

ปัญญา ปัญญา#Thai

เมตตา เมตตา#Thai

วิริยะ วิริยะ#Thai

ศีล ศีล#Thai

สัจจะ สัจจะ#Thai

อธิฏฐาน อธิฏฐาน#Thai

อุเบกขา อุเบกขา#Thai

(Buddhism) the name of the tenfold virtue which one should possess in order to attain perfection, consisting of ขันติ (kǎn-dtì), ทาน (taan), เนกขัมมะ (nêek-kǎm-má), ปัญญา (bpan-yaa), เมตตา (mêet-dtaa), วิริยะ (wí-rí-yá), ศีล (sǐin), สัจจะ (sàt-jà), อธิฏฐาน (à-tít-tǎan), อุเบกขา (ù-bèek-kǎa).


千手観音

ja-pos

千(せん)手(じゅ)観(かん)音(のん) • (Senju Kannon) ^(←せんじゆくわんおん (Senzyukwan'on)?)

千手観音 (canonical)
Senju Kannon (romanization)
Senzyukwan'on (romanization)
せんじゆくわんおん (hiragana historical)

[sẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ kã̠nːõ̞ɴ]

千 (sen, “thousand”) + 手 (shu, “hand”) + 観音 (Kannon), calque of Sanskrit सहस्रभुजार्यावलोकितेश्वर (sahasrabhujāryāvalokiteśvara). The shu reading for 手 changes to ju as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The on reading for 音 changes to non as an instance of renjō (連声).

cal

सहस्रभुजार्यावलोकितेश्वर

ja-renjō

(Buddhism) the Thousand-Handed Bodhisattva


蘇婆訶

Transliteration of Sanskrit स्वाहा (svāhā).

(Buddhism, rare) word added to the end of a mantra, used as an intention for blessing, good luck, etc., or as an oblation


薩婆訶

ja-pos

薩婆訶(そわか) or 薩婆訶(ソワカ) • (sowaka) ^(←そはか (sofaka) or ソハカ (sofaka)?)

薩婆訶 (canonical)
薩婆訶 (canonical)
sowaka (romanization)
sofaka (romanization)
そはか (hiragana historical)
ソハカ (hiragana historical)

/sopaka/ → /soɸaka/ → /sowaka/
From Middle Chinese 薩婆訶 (MC sat ba xa), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit स्वाहा (svāhā).

(Buddhism) word added to the end of a mantra, used as an intention for blessing, good luck, etc., or as an oblation

羯諦羯諦波羅羯諦波羅僧羯諦菩提薩婆訶

gyatei gyatei haragyatei harasōgyatei boji sowaka


南無妙法蓮華経

^なむ ^みょうほう ^れんげ ^きょう

^なむ ^めうほふ ^れんげ ^きやう

南(な)無(む)妙(みょう)法(ほう)蓮(れん)華(げ)経(きょう) • (Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō) ^(←なむめうほふれんげきやう (Namu Meufofu Renge Kyau)?)

南無妙法蓮華経 (canonical)
Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō (romanization)
Namu Meufofu Renge Kyau (romanization)
なむめうほふれんげきやう (hiragana historical)

From 南無 (namu, Buddhist salutation or expression of faith) + 妙法蓮華経 (Myōhō Renge Kyō, “Lotus Sutra”).

com

(Buddhism) a mantra commonly chanted in the Nichiren school of Buddhism, praising the Lotus Sutra


唵蘇羅薩縛帝曳娑婆訶

ja-pos

^おん ^そらそばてい えい そわか

唵(おん)蘇(そ)羅(ら)薩(そ)縛(ば)帝(てい)曳(えい)娑(そ)婆(わ)訶(か) • (On Sorasobatei ei sowaka)

唵蘇羅薩縛帝曳娑婆訶 (canonical)
On Sorasobatei ei sowaka (romanization)

唵‧蘇羅薩縛帝‧曳‧娑婆訶

唵(おん) (on, “om”) + 蘇(そ)羅(ら)薩(そ)縛(ば)帝(てい) (Sorasobatei, “Saraswati”) + 曳(えい) (ei, transcription of Sanskrit "aym") + 娑(そ)婆(わ)訶(か) (sowaka, “svāhā”) , compare om aim Saraswatyai namah.


唵訶訶訶尾娑摩曳娑婆訶

ja-pos

おん かかか びさんまえい そわか

オン カカカ ビサンマエイ ソワカ

唵(おん)訶(か)訶(か)訶(か)尾(び)娑(さん)摩(ま)曳(えい)娑(そ)婆(わ)訶(か) or 唵訶訶訶尾娑摩曳娑婆訶(オンカカカビサンマエイソワカ) • (on kakaka bisanmaei sowaka)

唵訶訶訶尾娑摩曳娑婆訶 (canonical)
唵訶訶訶尾娑摩曳娑婆訶 (canonical)
on kakaka bisanmaei sowaka (romanization)

[o̞ŋ ka̠ka̠ka̠ bʲisã̠mːa̠e̞ː so̞β̞a̠ka̠]

唵‧訶‧訶‧訶‧尾娑摩曳‧娑婆訶

From Sanskrit ॐ हहह विस्मये स्वाहा (oṃ hahaha vismaye svāhā): 唵(おん) (on, “om”) + 訶(か)訶(か)訶(か) (kakaka, onomatopoeia for laughter) + 尾(び)娑(さん)摩(ま)曳(えい) (bisanmaei, transcription of "vismaye") + 娑(そ)婆(わ)訶(か) (sowaka, “svāhā”).

der

おんかかかびさんまえいそわか

ja-compound

(Buddhism) An esoteric Buddhist mantra (Om! Ha ha ha! O wondrous one, svāhā!).


เวรัมภา

th-proper noun

เวรัมภา • (wee-ram-paa) (classifier ลูก)

wee-ram-paa (romanization)
ลูก (classifier)

From Pali Verambhā (“name of a wind”), after a sea of the same name.

สมเด็จพระมหาสมณเจ้า กรมพระปรมานุชิตชิโนรส, ลิลิตตะเลงพ่าย, Stanza 141:
เกิดเป็นหมอกมืดห้อง เวหา หนเฮย ลมชื่อเวรัมภา พัดคลุ้ม หวนหอบหักฉัตรา คชขาด ลงแฮ แลธุลีกลัดกลุ้ม เกลื่อนเพี้ยงจักรผัน
gə̀ət bpen mɔ̀ɔk mʉ̂ʉt hɔ̂ng · wee-hǎa · hǒn həəi · lom chʉ̂ʉ wee-ram-paa · pát klúm · hǔuan hɔ̀ɔp hàk chàt-dtraa · kót kàat · long hɛɛ · lɛɛ tú-lii glàt-glûm · glʉ̀ʉan píiang jàk pǎn
There, lo, occurred a fog that fogged the vault of heaven. The wind, Verambhā by name, blew up and carried away the elephant's umbrella, breaking it down. Then dust dimmed all over the place, circulating like a revolving disc.

(Buddhism) the name of a windstorm, said to be a tornado, believed to happen by virtue of retribution or karma.


เวรัมภะ

wee-ram-pá (romanization)
ลูก (classifier)

From Pali Verambha (“name of a wind”), after a sea of the same name.

Pāli Canon, Aṭṭhakathā, Migālopa-jātaka:
ไม่ใช่บัดนี้เท่านั้น แม้เมื่อก่อนเธอก็เป็นคนว่ายากเหมือนกัน ก็เพราะอาศัยความเป็นผู้ว่ายาก เธอไม่เชื่อฟังคำของบัณฑิตทั้งหลาย จึงถึงความย่อยยับในช่องทางของลมเวรัมภะ
mâi châi bàt-níi tâo-nán · mɛ́ɛ mʉ̂ʉa-gɔ̀ɔn təə gɔ̂ bpen kon wâa-yâak mʉ̌ʉan-gan · gɔ̂ prɔ́ aa-sǎi kwaam bpen pûu wâa-yâak · təə mâi chʉ̂ʉa-fang kam kɔ̌ɔng ban-dìt táng-lǎai · jʉng tʉ̌ng kwaam-yɔ̂ɔi-yáp nai chɔ̂ng-taang kɔ̌ɔng lom wee-ram-pá
You are not unruly for the first time; formerly too through unruliness you did not the bidding of the wise and met your death by the Verambha winds.

เวรัมภา เวรัมภา#Thai

(Buddhism) Alternative form of เวรัมภา (wee-ram-paa)


เวรัมภวาต

เวรัมภวาต • (wee-ram-pá-wâat) (classifier ลูก)

wee-ram-pá-wâat (romanization)
ลูก (classifier)

เวรัมภ (wee-ram-pá-, “Verambha: name of a wind, after a sea of the same name”) + วาต (wâat, “wind”).

com

แร้งมิคาโลปะไม่ปฏิบัติตามคำสั่งของแร้งแก่ชื่ออปรัณณะผู้เป็นพ่อ บินเลยลมกาลวาตไปตกอยู่ในอำนาจของลมเวรัมภวาต
rɛ́ɛng mí-kaa-loo-bpà mâi bpà-dtì-bàt dtaam kam-sàng kɔ̌ɔng rɛ́ɛng gɛ̀ɛ chʉ̂ʉ à-bpà-ran-ná pûu bpen pɔ̂ɔ · bin ləəi lom gaa-lá-wâat bpai dtòk yùu nai am-nâat kɔ̌ɔng lom wee-ram-pá-wâat
His aged father's wise commands disdained; beyond the Black, Verambha Winds he gained.
ฝ่ายมิคาโลปะไม่ทำตามโอวาท ไม่เชื่อฟังคำพ่อ บินทะยานขึ้น เห็นเขตแดนตามที่พ่อบอกไว้แล้ว แต่ก็บินเลยเขตแดนนั้นไปให้ลมกาลวาตสิ้นไปทะลุลมแม้เหล่านั้น แล่นเข้าสู่ปากทางลมเวรัมภวาต
fàai mí-kaa-loo-bpà mâi tam-dtaam oo-wâat · mâi chʉ̂ʉa-fang kam pɔ̂ɔ · bin tá-yaan kʉ̂n · hěn kèet dɛɛn dtaam tîi pɔ̂ɔ bɔ̀ɔk wái lɛ́ɛo · dtɛ̀ɛ gɔ̂ bin ləəi kèet dɛɛn nán bpai hâi lom gaa-lá-wâat sîn bpai tá-lú lom mɛ́ɛ lào-nán · lɛ̂n kâo sùu bpàak taang lom wee-ram-pá-wâat

Migālopa through disobedience did not do his father's bidding, but rising and rising he passed the limit his father told him, clove even the Black Winds when he met them, and flew upwards till he met the Verambha winds in the face.

เวรัมภา เวรัมภา#Thai

(Buddhism, elegant) Synonym of เวรัมภา (wee-ram-paa)


เวรัมพวาต

th-proper noun

เวรัมพวาต • (wee-ram-pá-wâat) (classifier ลูก)

เวรัมพ (“Veramba: name of a wind, after a sea of the same name”) + วาต (wâat, “wind”).

com

เธอบวชในศาสนาที่จะนำออกจากทุกข์เห็นปานนี้ เหตุไรจึงไม่เชื่อคำของผู้ที่หวังดี แม้ในกาลก่อนเธอก็ไม่เชื่อคำ ต้องแหลกละเอียดในช่องลมเวรัมพวาตมาแล้ว
təə bùuat nai sàat-sà-nǎa tîi jà nam ɔ̀ɔk jàak túk hěn bpaan níi · hèet-rai jʉng mâi chʉ̂ʉa kam kɔ̌ɔng pûu tîi wǎng-dii · mɛ́ɛ nai gaan gɔ̀ɔn təə gɔ̂ mâi chʉ̂ʉa kam · dtɔ̂ng lɛ̀ɛk-lá-ìiat nai chɔ̂ng lom wee-ram-pá-wâat maa lɛ́ɛo
Why, Brother, after being ordained in so excellent a doctrine that leads to Salvation, do you not listen to the voice of your well-wishers? Formerly too you disobeyed the voice of the wise, and were blown into atoms by the Veramba wind.
พญาแร้งนั้น แม้รับคำว่าดีแล้ว ก็จริง แต่วันหนึ่งเมื่อฝนตกใหม่ ๆ ได้บินไปกับนกแร้งทั้งหลาย ทิ้งนกแร้งหลายเสีย ตนเองบินสูงเกินภูมิของนก ถึงช่องลมเวรัมพวาต ได้ถึงความเป็นผู้แหลกละเอียด
pá-yaa rɛ́ɛng nán · mɛ́ɛ ráp-kam wâa dii lɛ́ɛo · gɔ̂ jing · dtɛ̀ɛ wan nʉ̀ng mʉ̂ʉa fǒn dtòk mài mài · dâai bin bpai gàp nók rɛ́ɛng táng-lǎai · tíng nók rɛ́ɛng lǎai sǐia · dton-eeng bin sǔung gəən puum kɔ̌ɔng nók · tʉ̌ng chɔ̂ng lom wee-ram-pá-wâat · dâai tʉ̌ng kwaam bpen pûu lɛ̀ɛk-lá-ìiat

He said, "Very good," but one day when it rained, he flew up with the other vultures, and leaving the rest behind, and going beyond the prescribed limit, he came within the range of the Veramba wind, and was blown into atoms.

เวรัมภวาต เวรัมภวาต#Thai

(Buddhism, elegant) Alternative form of เวรัมภวาต (wee-ram-pá-wâat)


醍醐灌頂

ㄊㄧˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄢˋ ㄉㄧㄥˇ

тихугуаньдин

/tʰi³⁵ xu³⁵ ku̯än⁵¹ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ wuː²¹ kuːn³³ tɪŋ³⁵/

/tʰi³⁵ xu³⁵ ku̯än⁵¹ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ wuː²¹ kuːn³³ tɪŋ³⁵/

(Buddhism) to enlighten someone with wisdom for achieving nirvana


オンアラハシャノウ

ja-pos

オンアラハシャノウ or おんあらはしゃのう • (on'arahashanō) ^(←オンアラハシヤナウ (on'arafasyanau)?)

オンアラハシャノウ (canonical)
おんあらはしゃのう (canonical)
on'arahashanō (romanization)
on'arafasyanau (romanization)
オンアラハシヤナウ (historical katakana)

[o̞ɰ̃ a̠ɾa̠ha̠ɕa̠no̞ː]

オン‧ア‧ラ‧ハ‧シャ‧ノウ

/on a ra pa sa nau/ → /on a ra ɸa sya nau/ → /on a ra ha ɕa noː/
From Sanskrit ॐ अरपचन धीः (oṃ arapacana dhīḥ): 唵(オン) (on, “oṃ”) + アラハシャノウ (arahashanō, “arapacana”, a Buddhist mnemonic of the Sanskrit alphabet).

ja-compound

(Buddhism, chiefly Shingon) An esoteric Buddhist mantra, directed to Monju Bosatsu (Mañjuśrī bodhisattva)


オンマイタレイヤソワカ

ja-pos

おん まいたれいや そわか

オンマイタレイヤソワカ or おんまいたれいやそわか • (onmaitareiyasowaka) ^(←オンマイタレイヤソハカ (onmaitareiyasofaka)?)

オンマイタレイヤソワカ (canonical)
おんまいたれいやそわか (canonical)
onmaitareiyasowaka (romanization)
onmaitareiyasofaka (romanization)
オンマイタレイヤソハカ (historical katakana)

オン‧マイタレイヤ‧ソワカ

From Sanskrit ॐ मैत्रेय स्वाहा (oṃ maitreya svāhā): 唵(オン) (on, “oṃ”) + マイタレイヤ (maitareiya, “Maitreya”, literally “compassionate one”) + ソワカ (sowaka, “svāhā”).

bor

ॐ मैत्रेय स्वाहा

ja-compound

(Buddhism, chiefly Shingon) An esoteric Buddhist mantra, directed to Miroku Bosatsu (Maitreya bodhisattva)


瓔珞

ja-noun

瓔(よう)珞(らく) • (yōraku) ^(←やうらく (yauraku)?)

瓔珞 (canonical)
yōraku (romanization)
yauraku (romanization)
やうらく (hiragana historical)

[jo̞ːɾa̠kɯ̟]

(Buddhism) Jade or pearl necklace, used to decorate statues and shrines.


রাক্ষস

head

রাক্ষস • (rakkhoś)

bn-noun

রাক্ষস • (rakkhoś)

rakkhoś (romanization)
রাক্ষস (indefinite nominative)
রাক্ষসকে (indefinite objective)
rakkhośke (semantically definite) (indefinite objective)
রাক্ষসের (genitive indefinite)
রাক্ষসটা (definite nominative singular)
রাক্ষসটি (definite nominative singular)
rakkhośṭa (colloquial definite nominative singular)
rakkhośṭi (definite formal nominative singular)
রাক্ষসেরা (definite nominative plural)
রাক্ষসটাকে (definite objective singular)
রাক্ষসটিকে (definite objective singular)
rakkhośṭake (colloquial definite objective singular)
rakkhośṭike (definite formal objective singular)
রাক্ষসদের(কে) (definite objective plural)
rakkhośder (definite objective plural)
rakkhośderke (definite objective plural)
রাক্ষসটার (definite genitive singular)
রাক্ষসটির (definite genitive singular)
rakkhośṭar (colloquial definite genitive singular)
rakkhośṭir (definite formal genitive singular)
রাক্ষসদের (definite genitive plural)

bn-decl-noun-c

rakkhoś (semantically general or indefinite) / rakkhośke (semantically definite)

রাক্ষসটা, রাক্ষসটি

rakkhośṭa (colloquial), rakkhośṭi (formal)

রাক্ষসটাকে, রাক্ষসটিকে

rakkhośṭake (colloquial), rakkhośṭike (formal)

রাক্ষসদের(কে)

রাক্ষসটার, রাক্ষসটির

rakkhośṭar (colloquial), rakkhośṭir (formal)


নির্বাণ

head

নির্বাণ • (nirbaṇ)

bn-proper noun

নির্বাণ • (nirbaṇ)


dharmachakra

Transliteration of Sanskrit धर्मचक्र (dharmacakra).

translit

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) The wheel of dharma (natural law; cosmic order), a motif in dharmic religions.


心経

ja-pos

心(しん)経(ぎょう) • (Shingyō) ^(←しんぎやう (Singyau)?)

心経 (canonical)
Shingyō (romanization)
Singyau (romanization)
しんぎやう (hiragana historical)

Shorter form of 般若波羅蜜多心経 (Hannya Haramitta Shingyō).

(Buddhism) Short for 般若心経 (Hannya Shingyō): the Heart Sutra (Sutra of the Heart of Prajnaparamita)


般若波羅蜜多心経

はんにゃ はらみった しんぎょう

^はんにや ^はらみつた ^しんぎやう

般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た)心(しん)経(ぎょう) • (Hannya Haramitta Shingyō) ^(←はんにやはらみつたしんぎやう (Fannya Faramituta Singyau)?)

般%若%波%羅%蜜%多%心%経

はん%にゃ% は%ら%み%た% しん%ぎょう

^はんにゃ ^はらみた ^しんぎょう

般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(み)多(た)心(しん)経(ぎょう) • (Hannya Haramita Shingyō) ^(←はんにゃはらみたしんぎょう (Fannya Faramita Singyou)?)

般若波羅蜜多心経 • ^ (canonical)
般若波羅蜜多心経 (canonical)
Hannya Haramitta Shingyō (romanization)
Fannya Faramituta Singyau (romanization)
Hannya Haramita Shingyō (romanization)
Fannya Faramita Singyou (romanization)
はんにやはらみつたしんぎやう (hiragana historical)
はんにゃはらみたしんぎょう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 般若波羅蜜多心經 (MC paen nyaeX pa la mjit ta sim keng), itself a calque of Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता हृदय सूत्र (Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya Sūtra).
From 般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た) (hannya haramitta, “Perfection of Wisdom”) + 心(しん) (shin, “heart”) + 経(きょう) (kyō, “sutra”).

der

はんにやはらみつたしんきよう

calque

प्रज्ञापारमिता हृदय सूत्र

ja-compound

はん%にゃ% は%ら%みっ%た

(Buddhism) the Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra


manusya

Transliteration of Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyà).

translit

If not a devata – let's try to become at least worth a manusya, what we look in appearance. For us to become a manusya, we must take care that we don't take anything from anyone more than what is due to us. As a manusya we cannot and should not cheat others.

2005, Dr. Harish Chandra, Ph. D., As Simple As It Gets, Hyderabad: Center for Inner Sciences, →ISBN, page 69, →ISBN:

Three classes of Prajapati's progeny—Devas (gods), Manusyas (men) and Asuras (demons)—lived a life of discipline under their father, Prajapati […]

2006, Mahendra Kulasrestha, Culture India: a compendium of Indian philosophy, religion, arts, literature and society, New Delhi: Lotus Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 74, →ISBN:

The Manusyas or men are placed next to gods, Gandharvas and Apsarâs were inferior gods who ruled over forests and rivers.

1880, Mahadev Moreshwar Kunte, The Vicissitudes of Âryan Civilization in India: An Essay, which Treats of the History of the Vedic and Buddhistic Polities, Explaining Their Origin, Prosperity, and Decline, Bombay: Printed at the Oriental Print. Press, →OCLC, page 215:

In the Anguttara Nikaya, He said: ‘I am not indeed a deva, nor a gandharva, nor a yaksa, nor a manusya. Know ye that I am the Buddha.’ After Enlightenment, the Buddha could no longer be classified even as a ‘manusya’ or an ordinary human being.

2013 August 31, “Was Buddha an Incarnation of God?”, in Tsem Rinpoche, archived from the original on 2020-08-12:

(rare outside of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and related philosophy) man, human being

rare outside of Hinduism; Jainism and related philosophy; rare outside of Hinduism; Jainism and related philosophy


四大天王

ㄙˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄨㄤˊ

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ taːi̯²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/si⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯en²⁴ voŋ¹¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ taːi̯²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/si⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯en²⁴ voŋ¹¹/

Calque of Sanskrit चतुर् महाराज (catur mahārāja, literally “four great kings”).

cal

चतुर् महाराज

(Buddhism) Four Heavenly Kings, the four guardian gods who protect each of the four cardinal directions; the lokapālas


四大天王

ja-noun

四(し)大(だい)天(てん)王(のう) • (shi daitennō) ^(←しだいてんわう (sidaiten'wau)?)

四大天王 (canonical)
shi daitennō (romanization)
sidaiten'wau (romanization)
しだいてんわう (hiragana historical)

Calque of Sanskrit चतुर्महाराज (caturmahārāja, literally “four great kings”).

calque

(Buddhism) Synonym of 四天王 (shitennō): the Four Heavenly Kings


毗嵐

/pʰi³⁵ län³⁵/

/pʰi³⁵ län³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Sanskrit वैरम्भक (vairambhaka, “a violent wind”); compare Pali veramba (“a wind blowing in high altitudes”).

cog

毗岚
毘藍
鞞嵐
毘藍婆
鞞藍婆
吠藍婆
吠嵐婆


善報

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(chiefly Buddhism) good consequences; positive reward


ดิบ

dìp (romanization)
ความดิบ (abstract-noun)

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ˀdipᴰˢ³, from Proto-Tai *C̥.dipᴰ (“raw; not ripe”). Cognate with Lao ດິບ (dip), Northern Thai ᨯᩥ᩠ᨷ, Lü ᦡᦲᧇ (ḋiib), Shan လိပ်း (líp), Zhuang ndip. Within Kra-Dai, compare Sui qdyubs, Proto-Be *zipᴰ¹, Proto-Hlai *Cuɾiːp (whence riːp⁷~viːp⁷~fiːp⁸ across the different lects). Compare Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)qudip (“to live; to be alive”).

(Buddhism, of a man) having not yet been or having never been a priest.


आकाशवाणी

hi-noun

आकाशवाणी • (ākāśvāṇī) f

ākāśvāṇī (romanization)
आकाशवाणी (direct singular)
आकाशवाणियाँ (direct plural)
आकाशवाणी (oblique singular)
आकाशवाणियों (oblique plural)
आकाशवाणी (singular vocative)
आकाशवाणियो (plural vocative)

/ɑː.kɑːʃ.ʋɑː.ɳiː/

[äː.käːʃ.ʋäː.ɳiː]

Borrowed from Sanskrit आकाशवाणी (ākāśavāṇī), equivalent to आकाश (ākāś, “sky, heavens”) + वाणी (vāṇī, “sound; voice”).

compound

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) akashvani: a divine message


आकाशवाणी

sa-noun

आकाशवाणी • (ākāśavāṇī) stem, f

ākāśavāṇī (romanization)
आकाशवाणी (nominative singular)
आकाशवाण्यौ (dual nominative)
आकाशवाण्यः (nominative plural)
आकाशवाणि (singular vocative)
आकाशवाण्यौ (dual vocative)
आकाशवाण्यः (plural vocative)
आकाशवाणीम् (accusative singular)
आकाशवाण्यौ (accusative dual)
आकाशवाणीः (accusative plural)
आकाशवाण्या (instrumental singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आकाशवाणीभिः (instrumental plural)
आकाशवाण्यै (dative singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
आकाशवाणीभ्यः (dative plural)
आकाशवाण्याः (ablative singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आकाशवाणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
आकाशवाण्याः (genitive singular)
आकाशवाण्योः (dual genitive)
आकाशवाणीनाम् (genitive plural)
आकाशवाण्याम् (locative singular)
आकाशवाण्योः (dual locative)
आकाशवाणीषु (locative plural)

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐ.ʋɑː.ɳiː/

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐˈʋɑː.ɳiː/

आकाश (ākāśa, “sky”) + वाणी (vāṇī, “voice”); the sense of radio originated in 1935 from Kannada ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ (ākāśavāṇi), which was coined by the founders of a Mysore radio station that would have the same name. It then was "back-borrowed" into Sanskrit, where it spread to other Indic languages which borrowed vocabulary, including the original sense of this word, from Sanskrit after it was adopted by All India Radio.

bor

Kannada ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ (ākāśavāṇi)


轉法輪

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (轉法輪):
* → Japanese: 転(てん)法(ぼう)輪(りん) (tenbōrin)
* → Korean: 전법륜(轉法輪) (jeonbeomnyun)

ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

ㄓㄨㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

чжуань фалунь

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मचक्रप्रवर्तन (dharmacakrapravartana, literally “dharma-wheel-turning”) or Pali dhammacakkappavattana.

calque

धर्मचक्रप्रवर्तन

(Buddhism, figurative) to transmit Buddhist teachings


इंद्रिय

hi-noun

इंद्रिय • (indriya) f (Urdu spelling اندری)

indriya (romanization)
اندری (Urdu)
इंद्रिय (direct singular)
इंद्रियें (direct plural)
इंद्रिय (oblique singular)
इंद्रियों (oblique plural)
इंद्रिय (singular vocative)
इंद्रियो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit इन्द्रिय (indriya), from इन्द्र (indra, “Indra”).


มุกดาหาร

From Sanskrit मुक्ताहार (muktāhāra, literally “garland of pearls”), from मुक्ता (muktā, “pearl”) + हार (hāra, “garland”); equivalent to Thai มุกดา (múk-daa) + หาร (hǎan).

bor

นพรัตน์ นพรัตน์#Thai

(Buddhism, Hinduism) moonstone, being one of the nine gems collectively known as นพรัตน์, representing the moon, and having a grayish colour.


摩羅

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/mɔː²¹ lɔː²¹/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/mɔː²¹ lɔː²¹/

For pronunciation and definitions of 摩羅 – see 魔羅 (“mara”).
(This term is a variant form of 魔羅).
Clipping of 室獸摩羅 (MC syit syuwH ma la), from Sanskrit शिशुमार (śiśumāra, “child-killer; alligator”). Related to 魔羅 (MC ma la, “mara”)

bor

摩罗
摩罗
摩罗
嚤囉
摩囉


南無

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (南無):
* → Japanese: 南無(なむ) (namu); 南無(なも) (namo)
* → Korean: 나무(南無) (namu)
* → Vietnamese: nam mô (南無)

/nä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/nä³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/naː⁵⁵ mɔː²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² bu²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ bu²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² bu¹³/

/lam²³⁻³³ bu²³/

/nã²³⁻³³ mɔ̃²³/

/nã²⁴⁻¹¹ mɔ̃²⁴/

/nä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/nä³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/naː⁵⁵ mɔː²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² bu²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ bu²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² bu¹³/

/lam²³⁻³³ bu²³/

/nã²³⁻³³ mɔ̃²³/

/nã²⁴⁻¹¹ mɔ̃²⁴/

Borrowed from Sanskrit नमो (namo), the sandhi form of Sanskrit नमस् (namas, literally “a bow”) that appears before words beginning with a voiced consonant, which was presumably common in Buddhist texts.
The modern pronunciations are irregular in order to match the original Sanskrit pronunciation.

der

南无
南摸
南謨
曩謨
南膜
南摩
納慕
那謨
那模
娜母
喃嘸

(Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).


南無

Transliteration of Sanskrit नमो (namo), from Sanskrit नमस् (námas, literally “a bow”), possibly via Middle Chinese 南無 (MC nom mju).
Compare Mandarin 南無 /南无 (námó).


南無

Likely a borrowing from Mandarin 南無 /南无 (námó).


僧祇

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

(literary, Buddhism) Short for 阿僧祇 (āsēngqí, “innumerable”).


僧祇

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

(Buddhism) Alternative name for 僧伽 (sēngqié, “sangha”).


จองกฐิน

th-verb

จองกฐิน • (jɔɔng-gà-tǐn) (abstract noun การจองกฐิน)

jɔɔng-gà-tǐn (romanization)
การจองกฐิน (abstract-noun)

/t͡ɕɔːŋ˧.ka˨˩.tʰin˩˩˦/

From จอง (jɔɔng, “to reserve”) + กฐิน (gà-tǐn, “Kathina: Buddhist festival in which robes are presented to priests”).

com

(Buddhism) to reserve a temple in order to host the presentation of Kathina robes thereat.


กฐิน

th-noun

กฐิน • (gà-tǐn)

Borrowed from Pali kaṭhina (“embroidery hoop”). Cognate with Old Khmer kathœṇa (“cloth given to monks for the making of robes; annual festival during which such cloth is given to monks”); Modern Khmer កថិន (kɑɑkɑthən), កឋិន (kɑɑkɑthən); Lao ກະຖິນ (ka thin); Burmese ကထိန် (ka.htin).

cog

(Buddhism) embroidery hoop used in making monastic robes.

(Buddhism) Kathina: annual festival during which robes are presented to priests, usually falling between the 1st day of the waning moon of the 11th month and the middle of the 12th month under the lunar calendar.


Kathina

(Buddhism) An annual festival during which robes are presented to priests, usually falling between the 1st day of the waning moon of the 11th month and the middle of the 12th month under the lunar calendar.


摩訶

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ hɔː⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ hɔː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit महा (mahā), itself the combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”).

Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16ᵗʰ century CE

Shìmén címǐn gǔlái duō, zhèng shàn chénggōng shuō móhē.

釋門慈憫古來多，正善成功說摩訶。

释门慈悯古来多，正善成功说摩诃。

(Buddhism, chiefly as a prefix) maha; great


摩訶

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kūkai
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra
ja:大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経
ja:弘法大師

From Middle Chinese 摩訶 (MC ma xa), in turn a borrowing from Sanskrit महा (mahā), itself the combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”).
First cited in Japanese to the 824 Buddhist text 大日経開題 (Dainichikyō Kaidai), a commentary written by 弘法大師 (Kōbō Daishi, also known as Kūkai) on the 大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経 (Dai Birushana Jōbutsu Jinben Kaji Kyō, “Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra”).

(Buddhism) something great, something excellent (used as an epithet with regard to people or things)


摩訶

摩訶 (canonical)
摩訶 (canonical)
maka- (romanization)

(Buddhism) great, excellent (used as an epithet on the names of people or things)


無始

(Buddhism) the eternal without beginning; that which has always existed


लामा

ne-noun

लामा • (lāmā)

(Buddhism) a lama, or more generally, any Buddhist clergy


般若心經

ㄅㄛ ㄖㄜˇ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄥ

Божэ Синьцзин

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

般若波羅蜜多心經 般若波羅蜜多心經#Chinese

般若波罗蜜多心经 般若波罗蜜多心经#Chinese

(Buddhism) Synonym of 般若波羅蜜多心經 /般若波罗蜜多心经 (Bōrě Bōluómìduō Xīnjīng, “Heart Sutra”)


摩訶般若波羅蜜多心経

ja-pos

まか はんにゃ はらみった しんぎょう

まかはんにやはらみつたしんぎやう

摩(ま)訶(か)般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た)心(しん)経(ぎょう) • (Maka Hannya Haramitta Shingyō) ^(←まかはんにやはらみつたしんぎやう (Makafannyafaramitutasingyau)?)

摩訶般若波羅蜜多心経 (canonical)
Maka Hannya Haramitta Shingyō (romanization)
Makafannyafaramitutasingyau (romanization)
まかはんにやはらみつたしんぎやう (hiragana historical)

From 摩訶(まか) (maka, itself from Sanskrit महा (mahā), “great”) + 般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た)心(しん)経(ぎょう) (Hannya Haramitta Shingyō, “Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra”).

ja-compound

般%若 波%羅%蜜%多 心%経

^はん%にゃ ^は%ら%みっ%た ^しん%ぎょう

itself from Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">महा</i> (mahā), “great”

(Buddhism) Synonym of 般若心経 (Hannya Shingyō): the Heart Sutra


آچاریہ

ur-noun

آچارْیَہ • (ācārya) m (Hindi spelling आचार्य)

آچارْیَہ (canonical)
ācārya (romanization)
आचार्य (Hindi)


罪業

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sɵy̯²² jiːp̚²/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sɵy̯²² jiːp̚²/

(Buddhism) sin; sinful act; one's sins in karma


罪業

ja-noun

罪(ざい)業(ごう) • (zaigō) ^(←ざいごふ (zaigofu)?)

罪業 (canonical)
zaigō (romanization)
zaigofu (romanization)
ざいごふ (hiragana historical)


班智達

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita).


mõ

(Buddhism) a wooden fish; a temple block


観自在

ja-noun

観(かん)自(じ)在(ざい) • (kanjizai) ^(←くわんじざい (kwanzizai)?)

観自在 (canonical)
kanjizai (romanization)
kwanzizai (romanization)
くわんじざい (hiragana historical)

From a translation of Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara) in the Heart Sutra, rooted in Middle Chinese.
In the present form, 観 (kan, “see, observe”, from अवलोकित (avalokita), "beholding") + 自在 (jizai, from ईश्वर (īśvara), "supreme being").
Compare 観世音 (Kanzeon).

der

अवलोकितेश्वर

(Buddhism) that is able to see everything at will


観自在

ja-pos

観(かん)自(じ)在(ざい) • (Kanjizai) ^(←くわんじざい (Kwanzizai)?)

観自在 (canonical)
Kanjizai (romanization)
Kwanzizai (romanization)
くわんじざい (hiragana historical)

der

अवलोकितेश्वर

観自在菩薩 観自在菩薩#Japanese

(Buddhism) Short for 観自在菩薩 (Kanjizai Bosatsu, “Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva”).


ยม

From Pali yama (“Yama”) or Sanskrit यम (yama, “Yama”). Cognate with Old Khmer យម (yama), យំ (yaṃ); Modern Khmer យម (yum); Burmese ယာမာ (yama); Chinese 閻摩／阎摩 (Yánmó); Japanese 閻魔; Korean 염마 (yeomma).

zh-l

閻摩／阎摩 (Yánmó)

พญา พญา#Thai

พระยา พระยา#Thai

พระ พระ#Thai

(Hinduism, Buddhism) (พญา~, พระยา~, พระ~) Yama, the god of the dead, the overlord of the underworld, and the chief justice of the hell.


sesshin

(Buddhism) A period of intensive zazen meditation in a Buddhist monastery.


यमराज

yamrāj (romanization)
यमराज (direct singular)
यमराज (oblique singular)
यमराज (singular vocative)

/jəm.ɾɑːd͡ʒ/

[jɐ̃m.ɾäːd͡ʒ]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit यमराज (yamarāja).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) lord Yama, god of the underworld


三藐三菩提

ja-r

さん%みゃく% さん%ぼ%だい

desc

삼막 삼보리(三藐三菩提)

CJKV/code

さん%みゃく% さん%ぼ%だい

Sino-Xenic (三藐三菩提):
* → Japanese: 三(さん)藐(みゃく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) (sanmyaku sanbodai)
* → Korean: 삼막 삼보리(三藐三菩提) (sammak sambori)
* → Vietnamese: tam miệu tam Bồ đề (三藐三菩提)

CJKV

さん%みゃく% さん%ぼ%だい

ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄢ ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ

саньмяо саньпути

/sän⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sän⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 阿耨多羅三藐三菩提#Chinese

阿耨多罗三藐三菩提 阿耨多罗三藐三菩提#Chinese

(Buddhism) Short for 阿耨多羅三藐三菩提／阿耨多罗三藐三菩提 (ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí).


三藐三菩提

ja-noun

三(さん)藐(みゃく)三(さん)菩(ぼ)提(だい) • (sanmyaku sanbodai)

三藐三菩提 (canonical)
sanmyaku sanbodai (romanization)

Ultimately from Sanskrit सम्यक् सम्बोधि (samyak sambodhi, “complete enlightenment”), via Middle Chinese 三藐三菩提 (MC sam maewk sam bu dej).

der

सम्यक् सम्बोधि


阿耨多羅

ㄚ ㄋㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ noʊ̯⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ noʊ̯⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

Transliteration of Sanskrit अनुत्तर (anuttara, literally “nothing higher”).

bor

(Buddhism) excellent, incomparable, unsurpassed


卒塔婆

ja-noun

卒(そ)塔(とう)婆(ば) • (sotōba) ^(←そたふば (sotafuba)?)

卒塔婆 (canonical)
sotōba (romanization)
sotafuba (romanization)
そたふば (hiragana historical)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

From Middle Chinese 卒塔婆 (MC tswit|tshwot|tswot thap ba), in turn a transliteration of Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa, “heap, mound, relic-shrine, summit”).
The length of the medial /-o-/ vowel has apparently varied somewhat over time. First cited to a text from 850, with the spelling 窣堵婆 (sotoba?). The short-"o" reading sotoba appears to be more common in modern usage.

der

(Buddhism) stupa (structure housing Buddhist relics), dagoba


卒塔婆

Possibly a sound shift from sotōba. Then again, the length of the medial /-o-/ vowel has apparently varied somewhat over time. First cited to a text from 850, with the spelling 窣堵婆 (sotoba?). The short-"o" reading sotoba appears to be more common in modern usage.


彌勒佛

/mi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ lɐk̚² fɐt̚²/

/mei̯²¹ lɐk̚² fɐt̚²/

/mi⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ huʔ⁵/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hut̚⁴/

/bi²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hut̚⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hut̚⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hut̚⁴/

/mi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lek̚⁴⁻² huk̚⁴/

/mi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tek̚⁴⁻² huk̚⁴/

/mi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ lɐk̚² fɐt̚²/

/mei̯²¹ lɐk̚² fɐt̚²/

/mi⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ huʔ⁵/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hut̚⁴/

/bi²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hut̚⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hut̚⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hut̚⁴/

/mi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lek̚⁴⁻² huk̚⁴/

/mi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tek̚⁴⁻² huk̚⁴/


現世報

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiːn²² sɐi̯³³ pou̯³³/

heng⁵ se⁴ bor⁴ [Phonetic:heng⁵ ne¹ bor⁴]

/hɛŋ²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pɒ⁴²/

heng⁵ se⁴ bor⁴ [Phonetic:heng⁵ ne¹ bhor⁴]

/hɛŋ²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɒ⁴²/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ se²¹⁻⁵³ po²¹/

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻²² se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ po⁴¹/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ se²¹⁻⁵³ po²¹/

/hiɛn³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹⁻⁵³ po¹¹/

/hiɛn³³⁻²¹ se²¹⁻⁴¹ pɤ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiːn²² sɐi̯³³ pou̯³³/

/hɛŋ²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pɒ⁴²/

/hɛŋ²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɒ⁴²/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ se²¹⁻⁵³ po²¹/

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻²² se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ po⁴¹/

/hiɛn²²⁻²¹ se²¹⁻⁵³ po²¹/

/hiɛn³³⁻¹¹ se¹¹⁻⁵³ po¹¹/

/hiɛn³³⁻²¹ se²¹⁻⁴¹ pɤ²¹/

(Buddhism) karmic retribution within one's lifetime


พุทธรูป

th-noun

พุทธรูป • (pút-tá-rûup) (classifier พระองค์ or องค์)

pút-tá-rûup (romanization)
พระองค์ (classifier)
องค์ (classifier)

From Pali buddharūpa, from buddha (“Buddha”) + rūpa (“form; figure”), equivalent to Thai พุทธ (pút) + รูป (rûup). Cognate with Old Khmer buddharupa, buddarupa, buddharuppa, buddharuba, buddharrapa, buddharrappa, °buddharruppa, buddhārvapa, buddhadharrappa, butatharrūpa, butadhūrrūpa; Modern Khmer ពុទ្ធរូប (putthɔɔruup).

พระ พระ#Thai

(Buddhism) (พระ~) representation of a Buddha: image of a Buddha, statue of a Buddha, etc.


圓寂

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/uan²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/

/uan¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/uan²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/

/uan¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/

(Buddhism, of Buddhist monks or nuns) to die

被難

to be killed in a disaster, political incident


圓寂

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/uan²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/

/uan¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/uan²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/

/uan¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/


光明真言

ja-pos

光(こう)明(みょう)真(しん)言(ごん) • (Kōmyō Shingon) ^(←くわうみやうしんごん (Kwaumyausingon)?)

光明真言 (canonical)
Kōmyō Shingon (romanization)
Kwaumyausingon (romanization)
くわうみやうしんごん (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːmʲo̞ː ɕĩŋɡõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 光明 (kōmyō, “light”) + 真言 (shingon, “mantra”).

com

唵阿謨伽尾盧左曩摩訶母捺囉麽抳鉢納麽入嚩攞鉢囉韈哆野吽

on abokya beiroshanō makabodara mani handoma jinbara harabaritaya un

oṃ amogha vairocana mahāmudra maṇi padma jvāla pravarttaya hūṃ

(Buddhism) an esoteric Buddhist mantra directed to 大日如来 (Dainichi Nyorai, “Mahāvairocana tathāgata”)


救度

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³³ tou̯²²/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/kɐu̯³³ tou̯²²/

(Buddhism, Taoism) to save someone from suffering


สมี

sà-mǐi (romanization)
รูป (classifier)
องค์ (classifier)

Uncertain. Possibly from Pali sāmī (“chief, lord, master; a courtesy title for a man: mister, signor, etc”) and cognate with Thai สามี (sǎa-mii).

bor

(Buddhism and archaic) an honorary for or term of address to a priest.

(Buddhism and derogatory) a title for or term of address to a priest convicted of the gravest indiscipline.


𑀥𑀁𑀫

From Sanskrit धर्म (dharma), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mos. Cognate to Pali dhamma, Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫 (dhamma).

𑀥𑀁𑀫𑀘𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀦 𑀪𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀖𑁄𑀲𑁄 𑀅𑀳𑁄 𑀥𑀁𑀫𑀖𑁄𑀲𑁄 𑀯𑀺𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀤𑀭𑁆𑀲𑀡𑀸 𑀘 𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 𑀤𑀲𑀡𑀸 𑀘
dhaṃmacaraṇena bherighoso aho dhaṃmaghoso vimānadarsaṇā ca hasti dasaṇā ca

c. 257 BCE, Aśoka, Major Rock Edict 5 Girnar.3

[…] [due to] the practice of morality [by Ashoka], the sound of drums has become the sound of morality, showing the people representations of aerial chariots, representations of elephants, […]

(Buddhism, Hinduism) dharma: religious duty; natural law


Amida

A borrowing of Japanese 阿弥陀 (Amida), q.v.

(Buddhism) Synonym of Amitābha, the most important buddha of the Pure Land sect.


佛境

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/fɐt̚² kɪŋ³⁵/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁵³/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁵³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁵³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁴¹/

/vəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/fɐt̚² kɪŋ³⁵/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁵³/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁵³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁵³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² kiɪŋ⁴¹/

/vəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/


忉利天

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (忉利天):
* → Japanese: 忉(とう)利(り)天(てん) (tōriten)
* → Korean: 도리천(忉利天) (doricheon)

/tɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

忉利 is typically understood to transcribe the numeral thirty-three from a Middle Indo-Aryan language; cf. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit त्रायस्त्रिंश (trāyastriṃśa); Pali tāvatiṁsa (“of the thirty-three [heavenly beings]”) from tayo m + tiṁsa; Gandhari 𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨩𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁𐨭 (trayatriśa, “belonging to the Thirty-Three”); Tocharian B tāpātriś; Tocharian A tapattriś; also modern Kashmiri تیٚیہِ ترٕٛہ (“thirty-three”). The first syllable may be compared to Ardhamagadhi Prakrit 𑀢𑀑 (tao, “three”). The /l/ reflex in 利 (MC lijH) for Indo-Aryan -tr-/-dr-, probably echoing Gandhari features attested in e.g. 𐨕𐨂𐨫𐨒𐨹 (culaǵa, “little”) < Sanskrit क्षुद्र (kṣudra), also existed in loanwords such as 彌勒 (MC mjie lok) < Tocharian A Metrak (Bailey, 1946; Ji, 1998v11).
Alternatively, compare Sanskrit त्रिदिव (tridiva, “third, highest heaven”), from त्रि (tri) + द्यु (dyu); Pali tidiva; often conflated with the Thirty-Three in Buddhist texts.

cog

त्रायस्त्रिंश

تیٚیہِ ترٕٛہ

(Buddhism) Trāyastriṃśa (a heavenly abode of the devas, second of the six heavens in the Realm of Desire)


သိမ်

my-noun

သိမ် • (sim)

→ Shan: သိမ်ႇ (sìm)

Borrowed from Pali sīmā (“boundary”). Cognate with Mon သီ and Lao ສິມ (sim).