bodhisattva

Borrowed from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”).

bor

Hanoi
Hà Nam Province
Vietnam
Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts
bodhisattva

Kimi was a true bodhisattva, and her English skills were excellent.

2021, Ruth Ozeki, The Book of Form and Emptiness, Canongate Books (2022), page 414:

(Buddhism) A person who has taken specific lay or monastic vows and who is on the road to perfect knowledge; specifically, one who foregoes personal nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment.

(Buddhism) An enlightened being existing in a form of existence beyond the ordinary forms of physical reality understood and acknowledged by scientific thought, resembling the Western notion of angels, but with a wealth of its own nuances and expectations. These include the compassionate working for enlightenment of all sentient beings.


菩薩

→ Peranakan Indonesian: powsat

Short for 菩提薩埵／菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ), itself from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Later semantically extended to refer to a particularly virtuous person. (Dassanayake (2021))

/pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/pu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚⁵/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sak̚²/

/bu¹¹ sɑʔ⁵³/

/pʰu¹³ sa̠²⁴/

/pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/pu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² sat̚⁵/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/pʰɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sak̚²/

/bu¹¹ sɑʔ⁵³/

/pʰu¹³ sa̠²⁴/


菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosatʉ/ → /bosat͡sʉ/ → /bosat͡su/
Shift from bosachi below, adopting the kan'on reading for the second character, possibly indicating a later borrowing or other influence from Middle Chinese. Ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta.
Compare modern Cantonese 菩薩 /菩萨 (pou⁴ saat³).

妙見菩薩

妙見菩薩 みょうけんぼさつ

(Buddhism) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva


菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosat͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 菩薩 (MC bu sat), an abbreviation of 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Uses the goon for both characters, indicating an earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese than the bosatsu reading above.

阿彌陀仏けうしのほさちおのおの白たんしてつくり奉りたる...

Amida-butsu kyōshi no bosachi onoono byakutan shite tsukuri tatematsuritaru...

(Buddhism, obsolete) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva


菩薩

ryu-noun

菩薩(ぶーさー) (būsā)


摩訶薩埵

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (摩訶薩埵):
* → Japanese: 摩(ま)訶(か)薩(さっ)埵(た) (makasatta)

ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄜ ㄙㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˇ

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ sä⁵¹ tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔː⁵⁵ hɔː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ tɔː³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ sä⁵¹ tu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔː⁵⁵ hɔː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ tɔː³⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit महासत्त्व (mahāsattva, “great creature; great being”).

bor

(Buddhism) mahasattva, a "great bodhisattva", one explicitly defined by their devotion to bodhicitta


摩訶薩埵

摩訶薩埵 (canonical)
makasatta (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 摩訶薩埵 (MC ma xa sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit महासत्त्व (mahāsattva, “great creature; great being”).

(Buddhism) Synonym of 摩訶薩 (makasatsu): a great bodhisattva


Budda

Budda (nominative singular)
Buddy (genitive singular)
Buddzie (dative singular)
Buddę (accusative singular)
Buddą (instrumental singular)
Buddzie (locative singular)
Buddo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Pali Buddha, from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha), past participle of बोधति (bodhati).

(Buddhism, historical) Buddha (spiritual and philosophical teacher)


Chan

Borrowed from the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 禪 /禅 (Chán), a development and clipping of Middle Chinese 禪那 (MC dzyen na), a transcription of Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, literally “meditation”). Doublet of dhyana and Zen.

der

It is possible that highly calligraphic painting styles, including the extreme forms of “flung-ink,” began at this time, but probably not under Ch’an Buddhist influence, which figured in the religious life of the dynasty.

[1964, Sherman E. Lee, “The Rise of the Arts of Painting and Ceramics in China”, in A History of Far Eastern Art, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 261, column 2:

(Buddhism) A major Chinese school of Mahayana Buddhism characterized by sudden enlightenment achieved by indirect means, developed in Japan as Zen.


Lent

Shortened form of Lenten, from Old English lencten, from Proto-West Germanic *langatīn (“spring”), as in a season into which days lengthen as it progresses. Related to German Lenz and Dutch lente (“springtime”).

الصَّوْم الْأَرْبَعِينِيّ

Christian period of penitence before Easter

(Buddhism, Myanmar) vassa, period of the Buddhist lent during the rainy season


Ta

“Này các đệ tử, là bậc đạo sư, những gì Ta làm là vì từ mẫn, mưu cầu hạnh phúc cho các đệ tử. Này các đệ tử, đây là gốc cây, đây nơi an tĩnh, hãy thực tập thiền, chớ có phóng dật, để không nuối tiếc. Đây lời Ta dạy, hãy gắng thực hành”.

2014, Thích Nhật Từ, “Kinh tiểu sử Đức Phật [A Biography of the Buddha]”, in Kinh Phật cho người tại gia [A Scriptural Collection for Non-committal Buddhists]:

“My disciples, whatever I do as a teacher is for your own good and happiness. My disciples, at the foot of this tree, you shall be meditating, not idling, so you will not have regrets. Heed My words and practice.”

(Buddhism) Alternative letter-case form of ta; I/me, the Buddha


Zen

de-noun

Zen m (strong, genitive Zens, no plural)

Zens (genitive)
Zen (nominative singular)
Zens (genitive singular)
Zen (dative singular)
Zen (accusative singular)

(Buddhism) zen (denomination of Buddhism)


lamasery

/ləˈmɑːsəɹi/

From French lamaserie, irregular formation from lama.

purposeful melody, reminding veterans of duty on the Himalayan station, of transmundane melody performed upon ancient horns fashioned from the thigh-bones of long-departed priests, in wind-beaten lamaseries miles above the level of a sea at this distance belonging more to legend than geography.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 490:


adharmic

en-adj

adharmic (comparative more adharmic, superlative most adharmic)

more adharmic (comparative)
most adharmic (superlative)

Anything that represents itself as a method of liberation, and yet promotes that which leads to the opposite of liberation is adharmic.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) unrighteous; contrary to universal law


buddha

Borrowed from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “enlightened, awakened”).

bor+

a human being who has become enlightened.

(Buddhism) Buddha, buddha:
a statue or image of the Buddha.


buddha

Inherited from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “enlightened, awakened”).


heilige

From Middle Dutch heilige, from Old Dutch hēligo.

/ˈɦɛi̯.lə.ɣə/

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a holy man or woman, especially a priest, guru or ascetic, thought to be a miracle worker


gau

(Tibetan Buddhism) A prayer box or small container worn as jewelry and containing an amulet or similar item.


不思議

ja-adj

不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ) • (fushigi) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)な (fushigi na), adverbial 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)に (fushigi ni))

不思議 (canonical)
fushigi (romanization)
不思議な (adnominal)
不思議に (adverbial)
不思議だろ (imperfective stem)
ふしぎだろ (imperfective stem)
fushigi daro (imperfective)
不思議で (continuative stem)
ふしぎで (continuative stem)
fushigi de (continuative)
不思議だ (stem terminative)
ふしぎだ (stem terminative)
fushigi da (terminative)
不思議な (attributive stem)
ふしぎな (attributive stem)
fushigi na (attributive)
不思議なら (hypothetical stem)
ふしぎなら (hypothetical stem)
fushigi nara (hypothetical)
不思議であれ (imperative stem)
ふしぎであれ (imperative stem)
fushigi de are (imperative)
不思議ではない (informal negative)
不思議じゃない (informal negative)
ふしぎではない (informal negative)
ふしぎじゃない (informal negative)
fushigi de wa nai (informal negative)
fushigi ja nai (informal negative)
不思議だった (informal past)
ふしぎだった (informal past)
fushigi datta (informal past)
不思議ではなかった (informal negative past)
不思議じゃなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎではなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎじゃなかった (informal negative past)
fushigi de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
fushigi ja nakatta (informal negative past)
不思議です (formal)
ふしぎです (formal)
fushigi desu (formal)
不思議ではありません (formal negative)
不思議じゃありません (formal negative)
ふしぎではありません (formal negative)
ふしぎじゃありません (formal negative)
fushigi de wa arimasen (formal negative)
fushigi ja arimasen (formal negative)
不思議でした (formal past)
ふしぎでした (formal past)
fushigi deshita (formal past)
不思議ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
不思議じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎではありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
fushigi de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
fushigi ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
不思議で (conjunctive)
ふしぎで (conjunctive)
fushigi de (conjunctive)
不思議なら（ば） (conditional)
ふしぎなら（ば） (conditional)
fushigi nara (ba) (conditional)
不思議だったら (conditional past)
ふしぎだったら (conditional past)
fushigi dattara (conditional past)
不思議だろう (volitional)
ふしぎだろう (volitional)
fushigi darō (volitional)
不思議に (adverbial)
ふしぎに (adverbial)
fushigi ni (adverbial)
不思議さ (noun-from-adj)
ふしぎさ (noun-from-adj)
fushigisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

不思議

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

Contracted from 不可思議 (fuka shigi, literally “unfathomable”), equivalent to 不(ふ) (fu-) + 思議(しぎ) (shigi).

…弘誓深如海。歴劫不思議。侍多千億仏。発大清浄願…

406, Lotus Sutra (chapter 25, translation by Kumārajīva)

His great vow is as deep as the sea, unfathomable even after eons. Serving many hundreds of billions of buddhas, he has made a great pure vow.

…guzei jin nyo kai, ryakkō fushigi, ji ta sennoku butsu, hotsu dai-shōjō gan…

(Buddhism) Short for 不可思議 (fuka shigi): beyond human recognition or understanding; ineffable


anatta

en-noun

anatta (countable and uncountable, plural anattas)

From Pali anattan, from Sanskrit अनात्मन् (anātman, “no soul”), from अन्- (an-, “non-, un-, a-”) + आत्मन् (ātman, “soul”).

The texts indicate that when the Buddha's first disciples heard about anatta, their hearts were filled with joy and they immediately experienced Nirvana.

2009, Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, Vintage, published 2010, page 33:

three marks of existence
three marks of existence

(Buddhism) The idea that there is no separate self or soul; egolessness. One of the three marks of existence.

ဢၼတ်ႉတႃႉ

ʼǎ nâ̰t tâ̰a


未来

From Middle Chinese 未來 (MC mj+jH loj). Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit अनागत (anāgata, “not yet come; future”, past participle), from अन्- (an-, “not”) + आगत (āgata, “what has come”), from the verb root आगम् (āgam, “to come”).

calque

(Buddhism) the future, one of the three existences


maya

Shankara prescribed meditative reflection, through which each individual could pierce the veil of maya and come to recognize the identity between his or her essence and the universal spirit.

2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 58:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) The power by which the universe is made to appear; the illusion of the phenomenal world, as opposed to its true or spiritual reality.


大人

From Middle Chinese 大人 (dɑiᴴ ȵiɪn, literally “big, great + person”). Compare modern Hakka reading thai-ngìn.
The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.


印象

印象 (canonical)
inzō (romanization)
inzau (romanization)
いんざう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) the act of a clear image or form appearing, as if impressed like a stamp; also refers to such a shape

(Buddhism) the act of printing an image of a Buddha (statue), or the printed image of a Buddha (statue) itself


悪口

悪口 (canonical)
akku (romanization)
akuku (romanization)
あくく (hiragana historical)

From Buddhism, one of the 十(じゅう)悪(あく) (jūaku, “ten evils”).

(Buddhism) the evil from the mouth, the use of malicious gossip


言語

言語 (canonical)
gongo (romanization)
ごんご (hiragana historical)


天女

From Middle Chinese 天女 (MC then nrjoX|nrjoH, literally “heavenly female; deva female”).


不可思議

ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˇ ㄙ ㄧˋ

/pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ hɔː³⁵ siː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/puk̚²⁻⁴ kʰo⁵²⁻³⁵ sɯ³³⁻²³ ŋi⁵²/

/pəʔ³³ kʰu⁵⁵ sz̩³³ n̠ʲi²¹/

/pu⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ hɔː³⁵ siː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/puk̚²⁻⁴ kʰo⁵²⁻³⁵ sɯ³³⁻²³ ŋi⁵²/

/pəʔ³³ kʰu⁵⁵ sz̩³³ n̠ʲi²¹/

Calque of Sanskrit अचिन्त्य (acintya, “inconceivable”) or calque of Pali acinteyya (“imponderable”).

cal

(Buddhism) incomprehensible by the human mind


那由他

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (那由他):
* → Japanese: 那(な)由(ゆ)他(た) (nayuta)
* → Korean: 나유타(那由他) (nayuta)

/nä⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit नयुत (nayuta, “myriad”), by Buddhist translators in the 4th century.
The current usage as the number 10⁶⁰ was re-imported from the Japanese usage which first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

(Buddhism, historical) extremely large number, usually interpreted as the number 10²⁸


阿僧祇

/ˀä⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit असङ्ख्येय (asaṅkhyeya, “innumerable”).


阿僧祇

/ˀä⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

(Buddhism) asaṃkhyeya, the number 10⁵⁶ or 10^(7×2103)


恒河沙

[ɡo̞ːɡa̠ɕa̠]

From Middle Chinese 恆河沙 (MC hong ha srae), calque of Sanskrit गंगानदी वालुका (gaṃgānadī vālukā, “sand of the Ganges River”).
The current usage as the number 10⁵² was first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

cog

गंगानदी वालुका

(etymology, Buddhism) a metaphor of the extremely large number


法王

ja-r

法王(ほうおう) (hōō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (法王):
* → Japanese: 法王(ほうおう) (hōō)
* → Korean: 법왕(法王) (beobwang)
* → Vietnamese: pháp vương (法王)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ wɔːŋ²¹/

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मराज (dharmarāja).

All Buddhas, the dharma-kings, will protect this bodhisattva-mahasattva.

Zhū fó fǎwáng, jiē xī shǒuhù cǐ púsà móhēsà.

諸佛法王，皆悉守護此菩薩摩訶薩。

诸佛法王，皆悉守护此菩萨摩诃萨。

(Buddhism) dharma-king, an epithet for a Buddha


ahimsa

Already, at this very early date, the ritualists were moving towards the ideal of ahimsa ("harmlessness") that would become the indispensable virtue of the Indian Axial Age.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 79:

This, in essence, is the Jain doctrine of ahimsa – a direct inversion of Vedic beliefs about the sustaining powers of animal sacrifice.

2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 9:

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) A doctrine of non-violence, concerned with the sacredness of all living things and an effort to avoid causing harm to them.

不殺生 /不杀生

doctrine of non-violence in Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism


ahimsa

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अहिंसा (ahiṃsā).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) ahimsa: A doctrine of non-violence, concerned with the sacredness of all living things and an effort to avoid causing harm to them.


布団

→ Arabic: فُوتُون (futūn)

→ Mandarin: 布團 /布团 (bùtuán)

→ English: futon

→ Finnish: futon

→ French: futon

→ German: Futon

→ Korean: 후톤 (huton)

→ Marathi: फुतोन (phuton)

→ Russian: футо́н (futón)

→ Spanish: futón

→ Welsh: ffŵton

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
futon
ja:布団

Borrowed from written Chinese, possibly early Mandarin 蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán), likely as part of the importation of Zen Buddhism, for which practice these were originally used. First cited in Japanese to a text from the early-mid 1200s with the "meditation cushion" sense.
Originally referred literally to a 蒲 (pú, “bulrush, cattail”) 團／团 (tuán, “ball”), from the way these were round cushions made from woven bulrush leaves.
After the term was borrowed, the usage and construction of these cushions changed and the connection with bulrushes was weakened, leading to the simpler character 布 (fu, “cloth”) being used as a replacement for 蒲 (fu, “bulrush, cattail”).

zh-l

蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán)

敷き布団

mattress, bedroll; spreading / lying-down futon

(Buddhism, specifically Zen) a round cushion made of woven bulrush leaves, used for zazen seated Zen meditation


manji

(Buddhism) A left-facing Japanese swastika, primarily used in Buddhism.


Gautama

(Buddhism) Siddhartha Gautama - the personal name of the Buddha.

ၵေႃႉတမႃႉ

kâ̰u tǎ mâ̰a


神通力

ja-noun

神(じん)通(つう)力(りき) or 神(じん)通(ずう)力(りき) • (jintsūriki or jinzūriki)

神通力 (canonical)
神通力 (canonical)
jintsūriki (romanization)
jinzūriki (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩnt͡sɨːɾʲikʲi]

[d͡ʑĩnd͡zɨːɾʲikʲi]

Compound of 神通 (jintsū, “superpower, divine or occult power or talent”, where jintsū is the older reading for modern jinzū) + 力 (riki, “power”).


畜生

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (畜生):
* → Japanese: 畜生(ちくしょう) (chikushō)
* → Korean: 축생(畜生) (chuksaeng)
* → Vietnamese: súc sinh (畜生), súc sanh (畜生)

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤ̃ɻ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiok̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/

/t͡sʰoʔ³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤ̃ɻ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/tʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiok̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/

/t͡sʰoʔ³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/

Book of Sui
Han Feizi (book)
Six Dynasties

First attested in Han Feizi (circa 2nd century BC). The expletive sense was attested in the Book of Sui (7th century AD). Influenced, through Buddhism, by Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”) and Pali tiracchānayoni (“the realm of the brute creation”) during the Six Dynasties times, as this word was used as a translation of the Sanskrit and Pali terms. Compare 牲畜 (shēngchù).

der

(Buddhism) a beast: a generic term for animals, birds, fish and insects, as the reincarnated form of one who had bad karma in a previous life


畜生

ja-noun

畜(ちく)生(しょう) • (chikushō) ^(←ちくしやう (tikusyau)?)

畜生 (canonical)
chikushō (romanization)
tikusyau (romanization)
ちくしやう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕi̥kɯ̟ɕo̞ː]

/tikusjau/ → /t͡ɕikusjoː/
From Middle Chinese 畜生 (MC trhjuwH sraeng, literally “livestock + livestock; sacrificial animal”), itself influenced by Sanskrit तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “a beast; the organic world”) or Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”).


wheel of life

(Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism) A mandala, representing the continuous cycle of birth, life and death.

roue de l’existence karmique

mandala representing the continuous cycle of birth, life and death


सूर्य

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އިރު (iru)

Sinhalese: ඉර (ira)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚 (sujja)

Sindhi: सिॼु(sijju)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਸਿਝ (sijha) (archaic)

Pali: surya

→ Assamese: সূৰুয (xuruz)

→ Bengali: সূর্য (śurjo)

→ Gujarati: સૂરજ (sūraj)

→ Hindi: सूर्य (sūrya), सूरज (sūraj)

→ Khmer: សុរិយ (soreyaʼ)

→ Kannada: ಸೂರ್ಯ (sūrya)

→ Konkani: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Malayalam: സൂര്യന് (sūryaṉ)

→ Malay: suria
Indonesian: surya

→ Marathi: सूर्य (sūrya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: sūrya
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦂꦪ (surya), ꦱꦺꦴꦂꦪ (sorya)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬹᬃᬬ (surya)

→ Odia: ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ (surjya)

→ Nepali: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Newar: सूर्द्य (sūrdya)

→ Punjabi: ਸੂਰਜ (sūraj) / سورج (sūraj)

→ Marwari: सूरज (sūraj)

→ Sindhi: سوُرَجُ (sūraju)

→ Sinhalese: සූර්යයා (sūryayā)

→ Tamil: சூரியன் (cūriyaṉ)

→ Telugu: సూర్యుడు (sūryuḍu)

desc

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Burmese: သူရိယ (suri.ya.)

→ Urdu: سورج (sūraj)

A -य (-ya) extension of the base सूर् (sū́r), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xur), English sun. Also related to स्वर् (svàr, “sun”) and सूर (sū́ra, “sun”).

त॒रणि॑र्वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सूर्य।
विश्व॒मा भा॑सि रोच॒नम्॥
taráṇirviśvádarśato jyotiṣkṛ́dasi sūrya.
víśvamā́ bhāsi rocanám.

You, Sūrya, outstrip all in speed; you are visible to all; you are the source of light; you shine throughout the entire firmament

(Vedic religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Surya, the Vedic solar deity


देव

dev (romanization)
دیو (Urdu)
देव (direct singular)
देव (direct plural)
देव (oblique singular)
देवों (oblique plural)
देव (singular vocative)
देवो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देव (deva).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) deity, god, deva

देवत्रिय

the Holy Trinity of Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva


देव

dev (romanization)
देव
देवा
देवां-
देवाला
देवांना
देवाने (ergative)
देवानं (ergative)
देवांनी (ergative)
देवाशी (instrumental)
देवांशी (instrumental)
Locative Note: -त  is a postposition.
देवाचा
देवाचे
देवाची
देवाच्या
देवाचं
देवांचा
देवांचे
देवांची
देवांच्या
देवांचं
देवांच्या

mr-decl-noun

masc cons-stem

Inherited from Sanskrit देव (deva), through Old Marathi 𑘟𑘹𑘪 (deva).


겁

Sino-Korean word from 劫 (“kalpa”), Chinese transcription of Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa).

(Buddhism) kalpa (a period of 4.32 billion years; used more figuratively to refer to any very long period of time)


talapoin

From French talapoin, from Portuguese talapão, from Mon တၠဳ ပိုဲ (tloe poi, “our lord”).

(archaic, Buddhism) A Buddhist monk or priest.


сан

mn-noun

сан • (san) (Mongolian spelling ᠰᠠᠩ (sang)); (hidden-g declension)

san (romanization)
ᠰᠠᠩ (Mongolian)
hidden-g declension (romanization)

(Buddhism) A kind of smoke ritual in which incense or juniper branches are burnt.


mindstream

(Buddhist philosophy) The succession of moments of consciousness proceeding endlessly from lifetime to lifetime.


冥土

(Buddhism) Hades; underworld; the world of the dead


獅子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (獅子):
* → Japanese: 獅子(しし) (shishi)
* → Korean: 사자(獅子) (saja)
* → Vietnamese: sư tử (獅子)

→ Bouyei: siyzij

→ English: Shih Tzu

ja-r

シーズー (shīzū)

→ Japanese: シーズー (shīzū)

→ Zhuang: saeceij

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sz̩²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/sz̩¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sz̩²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/sz̩¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/sz̩⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

獅子吼／狮子吼

獅子座／狮子座


mara

Mara means demon, or demonic influence, that hinders the practice of virtue. It may be an external spirit or an aspect of our own imperfect condition. All hindrances on the path to liberation are subsumed under the four maras. The first mara is the mara of the aggregates.[…]The second of the maras is the mara of the afflictions, which are the same as the afflictive obstructions. They are identified as a mara because they precipitate all harmful actions, from malicious gossip to murder.[…]The third mara is Devaputra, literally "son of a god," an external troublemaker who specializes in interfering with beings who are endeavoring to achieve something positive.[…]The last mara is the mara of death.

2011, Graham Woodhouse, Lobsang Gyatso, Tsongkhapa's Praise for Dependent Relativity, Wisdom Publications, page 20:

(Buddhism) A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success.

魔羅

Buddhism: god preventing accomplishment or success

The mara is the spirit that causes illness, accidents, and mishaps. The only protection against it is another mara who befriends a person or a group. A mara who becomes friendly is called a gunik. This transformation occurs when a mara comes to a person in a dream and states a desire to be friendly. But there are deceitful maras who pretend to be friendly, yet will betray the person who trusts them.

2002, Sarvananda Bluestone, The World Dream Book, page 73:

(Buddhism) Any malicious or evil spirit.


rupa

From Sanskrit रूप (rūpá, “form, shape, figure”).

bor

(Buddhism) form, shape, outward appearance.


mula

mula (nominative singular)
mule (nominative plural)
muli (genitive singular)
mul (genitive plural)
muli (dative singular)
mulom (dative plural)
mulę (accusative singular)
mule (accusative plural)
mulą (instrumental singular)
mulami (instrumental plural)
muli (locative singular)
mulach (locative plural)
mulo (singular vocative)
mule (plural vocative)


naga

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāga, “snake”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *nāgás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nāgás, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neg- (“to crawl”).

der

(Buddhist art) a representation of a human torso with a serpentine body


marga

en-noun

marga (countable and uncountable, plural margas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga). Doublet of marg.

noble eightfold path
noble eightfold path


老師

老師 (canonical)
rōshi (romanization)
rausi (romanization)
らうし (hiragana historical)

/rauɕi/ → /rɔːɕi/ → /roːɕi/
From Middle Chinese compound 老師 (MC lawX srij). Compare modern Mandarin 老師 /老师 (lǎoshī).

(Buddhism) an elderly monk, especially one who is learned and virtuous


律師

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (律師):
* → Japanese: 律(りっ)師(し) (risshi)
* → Korean: 율사(律師) (yulsa)
* → Vietnamese: luật sư (律師)

→ Zhuang: lizswh

/ly⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/lɵt̚² siː⁵⁵/

/lɵt̚³² ɬu³³/

/lyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ sz̩¹¹/

/l̃uʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ sy⁵⁵/

/lut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/lut̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴/

/lut̚²⁴⁻² sɯ³³/

/lut̚³⁵⁻² sɨ³³/

/lut̚²⁴⁻² si³³/

/luk̚⁴⁻² sɯ³³/

/luʔ⁴⁻² sɯ³³/

/liɪʔ¹¹ sz̩²³/

/ly⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/lɵt̚² siː⁵⁵/

/lɵt̚³² ɬu³³/

/lyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ sz̩¹¹/

/l̃uʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ sy⁵⁵/

/lut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/lut̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴/

/lut̚²⁴⁻² sɯ³³/

/lut̚³⁵⁻² sɨ³³/

/lut̚²⁴⁻² si³³/

/luk̚⁴⁻² sɯ³³/

/luʔ⁴⁻² sɯ³³/

/liɪʔ¹¹ sz̩²³/

(Buddhism) people who understand religious discipline


地藏王菩薩

ㄉㄧˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄆㄨˊ ˙ㄙㄚ

Дицзанван Пуса

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä³/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³⁻³³ pʰɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/te³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä³/

地藏菩薩 地藏菩薩#Chinese

地藏菩萨 地藏菩萨#Chinese

(Buddhism) Alternative name for 地藏菩薩／地藏菩萨 (Dìzàng Púsà).


impermanence

en-noun

impermanence (usually uncountable, plural impermanences)

From Middle French impermanence, equivalent to im- + permanence.

(Buddhism) Anicca, the doctrine which asserts that all of conditioned existence is transient.


véhicule

→ English: vehicle

→ Romanian: vehicul n

Borrowed from Latin vehiculum (“vehicle, carriage”).


題目

From Middle Chinese 題目 (MC dej|dejH mjuwk).

南無妙法蓮華経 南無妙法蓮華経#Japanese

妙法蓮華経 妙法蓮華経#Japanese

(Buddhism) in Nichiren Buddhism, the chanting of the 南無妙法蓮華経 (Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō, “Glory to the Lotus Sutra”) and the 妙法蓮華経 (Myōhō Renge Kyō, “Lotus Sutra”)


tonsure

en-verb

tonsure (third-person singular simple present tonsures, present participle tonsuring, simple past and past participle tonsured)

tonsures (present singular third-person)
tonsuring (participle present)
tonsured (participle past)
tonsured (past)

From Middle English tonsure, from Anglo-Norman and Old French tonsure, from Latin tonsūra (“a clipping, trimming”), from tondeō (“shear, clip, trim”).

(Christianity, Buddhism) To shave the crown of the head as a sign of humility and religious vocation.


hungry ghost

(Buddhism, Chinese folk religion) A type of supernatural being, condemned to desire more than it can consume; often depicted with large belly and tiny mouth.

ပြိတ္တာ

in Buddhism, a type of supernatural being


空想

空想 (canonical)
kūsō (romanization)
kuusau (romanization)
くうさう (hiragana historical)

Meiji era
Mohe Zhiguan
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Rangaku

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 空想 (kʰuŋ sɨɐŋ^X, literally “fictional, fabricated + think, thought”).
The sense of fantasy is first cited in Japanese to 1886, and probably reflects a Rangaku and Meiji era style of repurposing older terminology to translate unfamiliar Western concepts.
The Buddhist sense is older, and was borrowed into Japanese along with various Chinese Buddhist texts. This term is included in the 摩訶止観 (Maka Shikan), better known in English by its Chinese pronunciation, the Mohe Zhiguan, completed some time in the early 600s.

der

(Buddhism) thought that exhibits attachment to sunyata


空想

空想する (canonical)
kūsō suru (romanization)
kuusau (romanization)
空想し (stem)
空想した (past)
空想し
くうそうし
kūsō shi
空想する
くうそうする
kūsō suru
空想すれ
くうそうすれ
kūsō sure
空想せよ (imperative literary)
空想しろ (colloquial imperative)
くうそうせよ (imperative literary)
くうそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
kūsō seyo (imperative literary)
kūsō shiro (colloquial imperative)
空想される (passive)
くうそうされる (passive)
kūsō sareru (passive)
空想させる (causative)
空想さす (causative)
くうそうさせる (causative)
くうそうさす (causative)
kūsō saseru (causative)
kūsō sasu (causative)
空想できる (potential)
くうそうできる (potential)
kūsō dekiru (potential)
空想しよう (volitional)
くうそうしよう (volitional)
kūsō shiyō (volitional)
空想しない (negative)
くうそうしない (negative)
kūsō shinai (negative)
空想せず (continuative negative)
くうそうせず (continuative negative)
kūsō sezu (continuative negative)
空想します (formal)
くうそうします (formal)
kūsō shimasu (formal)
空想した (perfective)
くうそうした (perfective)
kūsō shita (perfective)
空想して (conjunctive)
くうそうして (conjunctive)
kūsō shite (conjunctive)
空想すれば (conditional hypothetical)
くうそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kūsō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(Buddhism) to think in a way that exhibits attachment to sunyata


江湖

江湖 (canonical)
kōko (romanization)
kauko (romanization)
かうこ (hiragana historical)


江湖

江湖 (canonical)
gōko (romanization)
gauko (romanization)
がうこ (hiragana historical)


般若波羅蜜多心經

ㄅㄛ ㄖㄜˇ ㄅㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄥ

Божэ Боломидо Синьцзин

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mi⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³ pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ mɐt̚² tɔː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/


Dalai Lama

/ˈdælaɪ ˈlɑːmə/

/ˈdɑːlaɪ ˈlɑːmə/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ (tā la'i bla ma), compound of Mongolian ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ (dalai, “ocean”) + Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma, “lama”).

bor+

Of the Mongall Tartars.
The Mongalls are a numerous people, and occupy a large extent of country, from this place to the Kallgan, which ſignifies the everlaſting Wall, or the great wall of China. From this wall they ſtretch themſelves northward as far as the river Amoor; and from the Amoor, weſtward, to the Baykail ſea ; where they border with the territories of the Kontayſha, or prince of the black Kalmucks. On the ſouth, they are bounded by a nation called Tonguts, among whom the Delay Lama has his residence.

[1767, Annual register, or a view of the history and politics and literature for the year, page 38, column 2:

Szechuen troops defending recognized Chinese territory against the raids of the Tibetans declare that by crossing the Kinsha River the forces of the Da Lai Lama have violated the recent truce. The truce established the stream as the boundary between Tibet and China Proper.

[1933 December 2, “Tibetan Troops Renew Attack on Sikong”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 67, number 1, →OCLC, page 32, column 2:

I got a laugh from the Chinese audience when I said I thought that if Jiang and the Dalai Lama did meet, they would like each other very much.

2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 435:

I was pleased that President George W. Bush presented the Congressional Gold Medal to the Dalai Lama at the Capitol in October 2007.
In March 2008, I led a Congressional delegation to India. Part of our mission was to meet with the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, the headquarters of Tibetan exiles.

2008, Nancy Pelosi, “A Voice That Will Be Heard”, in Know Your Power: A Message to America's Daughters, Doubleday, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 95:

At the 2007 APEC Summit in Sydney, I told President Hu I planned to attend a ceremony where the Dalai Lama would receive the Congressional Gold Medal. The Buddhist leader was a source of distress for the Chinese government, which accused him of stirring up separatists in Tibet. I met with the Dalai Lama five times during my presidency, and I found him to be a charming, peaceful man. I told China’s leaders they should not fear him. “This is not meant as a slap at China,” I said, “but as a measure of my respect for the Dalai Lama and for the U.S. Congress. You know my strong belief in religious freedom.”

2010, George W. Bush, Decision Points, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 428:

(Tibetan Buddhism) The supreme head of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of Avalokitesvara, and considered the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.


bodhi

en-noun

bodhi (usually uncountable, plural bodhis)

From Sanskrit बोधि (bodhi). Doublet of synonymous bodai, which came via Japanese.

(Buddhism) The state of enlightenment that finally ends the cycle of death and rebirth and leads to nirvana.


bodhi

→ Burmese: ဗောဓိ (bau:dhi.)

desc

→ Thai: โพธิ

→ Thai: โพธิ

→ Thai: โพธิ์

→ Thai: โพธิ์

Inherited from Sanskrit बोधि (bodhi), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *bawdʰíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bawdʰíš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”).

inh

(Buddhism) the Bodhi Tree, i.e. the specific fig tree under which the Buddha sat when he attained enlightenment; the descendant of that tree on the same spot at Bodh Gaya.


bodhi tree

(Buddhism) The specific fig tree under which the Buddha sat when he attained enlightenment; the descendant of that tree on the same spot at Bodh Gaya.


आचार्य

hi-noun

आचार्य • (ācārya) m (Urdu spelling آچاریہ)

ācārya (romanization)
آچاریہ (Urdu)
आचार्य (direct singular)
आचार्य (direct plural)
आचार्य (oblique singular)
आचार्यों (oblique plural)
आचार्य (singular vocative)
आचार्यो (plural vocative)

/ɑː.t͡ʃɑːɾ.jᵊ/

[äː.t͡ʃäːɾ.jᵊ]


पृथ्वी

hi-proper noun

पृथ्वी • (pŕthvī) f

pŕthvī (romanization)
पृथ्वी (direct singular)
पृथ्वी (oblique singular)
पृथ्वी (singular vocative)

/pɾɪt̪ʰ.ʋiː/

Borrowed from Sanskrit पृथ्वी (pṛthvī́).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Prithvi, Mother Earth


無常

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/mou̯²¹ sœːŋ²¹/

/vu¹¹ t͡sʰɒ̃¹¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/

/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/bu²³⁻³³ siɔŋ²³/

/bu¹³⁻²² siaŋ¹³/

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/mou̯²¹ sœːŋ²¹/

/vu¹¹ t͡sʰɒ̃¹¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/

/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ²⁴/

/bu²³⁻³³ siɔŋ²³/

/bu¹³⁻²² siaŋ¹³/


無常

(Buddhism) chữ Hán form of vô thường (“impermanence”).


阿羅漢

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (阿羅漢):
* → Japanese: 阿(あ)羅(ら)漢(かん) (arakan)
* → Korean: 아라한(阿羅漢) (arahan)
* → Vietnamese: A-la-hán (阿羅漢)

/ˀä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/aː³³ lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/aː³³ lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/

Phonetic borrowing from Pali arahant, ultimately from Sanskrit अर्हत् (árhat, “worthy of worship”).

der

(Buddhism) arhat (saint of one of the higher ranks)


觀自在菩薩

ja-r

^かん%じ%ざい ^ぼ%さつ

desc

^관자재보살(觀自在菩薩)

CJKV/code

^かん%じ%ざい ^ぼ%さつ

Sino-Xenic (觀自在菩薩):
* → Japanese: 観(かん)自(じ)在(ざい)菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) (Kanjizai Bosatsu)
* → Korean: 관자재보살(觀自在菩薩) (Gwanjajaebosal)
* → Vietnamese: Quán Tự Tại Bồ Tát (觀自在菩薩)

CJKV

^かん%じ%ざい ^ぼ%さつ

ㄍㄨㄢ ㄗˋ ㄗㄞˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

Гуаньцзыцзай Пуса

/ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/kuːn⁵⁵ t͡siː²² t͡sɔːi̯²² pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

Version preferred by Xuanzang and used in his translations, most notably in the Heart Sutra.


我慢

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (我慢):
* → Japanese: 我(が)慢(まん) (gaman, “arrogant”)
* → Korean: 아만(我慢) (aman)

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ män⁵¹/

/ŋɔː¹³ maːn²²/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ män⁵¹/

/ŋɔː¹³ maːn²²/


我慢

Gaman (term)
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:我慢


齋月

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡeʔ⁴/

/t͡sai³³ ɡəʔ²⁴/

/t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡueʔ¹²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡeʔ⁴/

/t͡sai³³ ɡəʔ²⁴/

/t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡueʔ¹²¹/

(Buddhism) three months of abstinence (first, fifth and ninth months)


阿修羅

/ˀä⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ sɐu̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ sɐu̯⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/


阿修羅

ja-noun

阿(あ)修(しゅ)羅(ら) or 阿(あ)修(す)羅(ら) or 阿修羅(アスラ) • (ashura or asura)

阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
ashura (romanization)
asura (romanization)

From Chinese 阿修羅 /阿修罗 (āxiūluó), from Sanskrit असुर (asura).

ja:アスラ ja:阿修羅


後生

後生 (canonical)
goshō (romanization)
gosyau (romanization)
ごしやう (hiragana historical)

後生だから。


心地

心(しん)地(じ) or 心(しん)地(ち) • (shinji or shinchi) ^(←しんぢ (sindi)?)

心地 (canonical)
心地 (canonical)
shinji (romanization)
shinchi (romanization)
sindi (romanization)
しんぢ (hiragana historical)

/siːm diː/ → /simdi/ → /ɕimd͡ʑi/ → /ɕiɲd͡ʑi/
From Middle Chinese 心地 (MC sim dijH).

(Buddhism)
(Buddhism)
(Buddhism)
(Zen Buddhism)


心眼

心(しん)眼(げん) • (shingen) ^(←しんげん (singen)?)

心眼 (canonical)
shingen (romanization)
singen (romanization)
しんげん (hiragana historical)


天花

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (天花):
* → Japanese: 天花(てんか) (tenka)
* → Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)
* → Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ hue³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ hue³³/

Originally the Chinese translation of several Sanskrit and Pali words, including Sanskrit खपुष्प (khapuṣpa, “flower in the sky”), as well as several plant names, such as Sanskrit दिव्यपुष्प (divyapuṣpa, “oleander [heaven-flower]”) / Pali devapuppha, and Sanskrit शालपुष्प (śālapuṣpa, “confederate rose [house-flower]”).
The development from “heaven-flower” (or other interpretations of the combination) to “smallpox” is unknown. It may be due to the shape resemblance of smallpox pustules to the divine flowers in Buddhism. Compare Tibetan ལྷ་འབྲུམ (lha 'brum, “smallpox [deva-pustule]”), མེ་ཏོག (me tog, “flower; (dialectal) smallpox”), and Mongolian ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ
ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ (salkin čečeg) / салхин цэцэг (salxin ceceg, “smallpox; chickenpox [wind-flower]”).

cog

ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ

(Buddhism) flower of the sky; divine flower, stated in the Lotus Sutra as of four kinds, two white and two red


方便

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (方便):
* → Japanese: 方便(ほうべん) (hōben)
* → Korean: 방편(方便) (bangpyeon)
* → Vietnamese: phương tiện (方便)

→ Zhuang: fuengbienh

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ b̥i̯ɛn²/

/fɑŋ²⁴ piæ̃²⁴/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ piːn²²/

/fɔŋ³³ pen³²/

/ˈfɔŋ⁴² pʰiɛn¹¹/

/foŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰi̯en⁵⁵/

/fɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pʰiɛn⁵³/

/huoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miɛŋ²⁴²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɛn²²/

/hɔŋ³³ piɛn⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɛn²²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɛn³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɛn³³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ pieŋ³⁵/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ piaŋ³⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ bi²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ b̥i̯ɛn²/

/fɑŋ²⁴ piæ̃²⁴/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ piːn²²/

/fɔŋ³³ pen³²/

/ˈfɔŋ⁴² pʰiɛn¹¹/

/foŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰi̯en⁵⁵/

/fɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pʰiɛn⁵³/

/huoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miɛŋ²⁴²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɛn²²/

/hɔŋ³³ piɛn⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɛn²²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɛn³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɛn³³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ pieŋ³⁵/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ piaŋ³⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ bi²¹/

(Buddhism) upāya; heuristic or provisional reasoning


邪魔

Originally a Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
From Middle Chinese 邪魔 (*zia *mɑ, literally “wrong, evil, perverse” + “devil, demon”). Compare modern Mandarin 邪魔 (xiémó).

ja-etym-buddhist

(Buddhism) a demon or devil of perversity, a hindrance to the practice of Buddhism


弟子

From Middle Chinese 弟子 (MC dejX tsiX). Probably the initial borrowing.

(Buddhism) on a mala or Buddhist rosary, the ten small beads closest to the end of the portion that hangs free from the largest bead


仏陀

ja-pos

仏(ぶつ)陀(だ) or 仏陀(ブッダ) • (Butsuda or Budda)

仏陀 (canonical)
仏陀 (canonical)
Butsuda (romanization)
Budda (romanization)

Borrowed from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá). The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 佛陀 (Fótuó).

2008 July 16 [2008 January 23], Hikaru Nakamura, “その２ 最聖珍道中 [Chapter 2: The Ultimate Holy Journey]”, in [聖](セイント)☆おにいさん [Saint☆Young Men], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha:

Buddha, the Enlightened. Jesus, Son of God. They are widely regarded as the founders of Buddhism and Christianity, respectively.

目覚めた人ブッダ 神の子イエス 言わずと知れた仏教とキリスト教の祖である

Mezameta hito Budda Kami no ko Iesu Iwazu to shireta Bukkyō to Kirisuto-kyō no so de aru


감로

Sino-Korean word from 甘露, from 甘 (“sweet”) + 露 (“dew”).


火車

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (火車):
* → Japanese: 火(か)車(しゃ) (kasha)
* → Korean: 화차(火車) (hwacha, “hwacha”)
* → Vietnamese: hỏa xa (火車)

→ Bouyei: hojcey

→ Malay: kereta api (calque)

Indonesian: kereta api

desc

→ Mongolian: галт тэрэг (galt tereg) (calque)

→ Thai: รถไฟ (rót-fai) (calque)

→ Tibetan: མེ་འཁོར (me 'khor) (calque)

→ Zhuang: hojceh, → cifeiz (calque)

→ Vietnamese: xe lửa (calque)

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/

/xo⁵³ t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/

/xuo⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹/

/xo¹¹⁻¹² ʈ͡ʂʰe³¹/

/xuə⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/

/fɔː³⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/fɔ³⁵ t͡sʰø²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/fᵘɔ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiɛ³³/

/ˈfo²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰa⁴²/

/fo²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃʰa⁵³/

/xuɤ⁵³ t͡sʰɤ¹¹/

/he⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia³³/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia³³/

/hə⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰia³³/

/hə⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰia³³/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰia³³/

/həu³³ t͡sʰo³⁵/

/huɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰia³³⁴/

/xo⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞³³/

/xo⁴¹ t͡sʰɤ̞³³/

/xʊ⁴² t͡ɕʰi̯ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/

/xo⁵³ t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/

/xuo⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹/

/xo¹¹⁻¹² ʈ͡ʂʰe³¹/

/xuə⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/

/fɔː³⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/fɔ³⁵ t͡sʰø²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/fᵘɔ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiɛ³³/

/ˈfo²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰa⁴²/

/fo²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃʰa⁵³/

/xuɤ⁵³ t͡sʰɤ¹¹/

/he⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia³³/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia³³/

/hə⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰia³³/

/hə⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰia³³/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰia³³/

/həu³³ t͡sʰo³⁵/

/huɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰia³³⁴/

/xo⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞³³/

/xo⁴¹ t͡sʰɤ̞³³/

/xʊ⁴² t͡ɕʰi̯ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³/

(Buddhism) fiery chariot that sends a sinner to hell


火車

火車 (canonical)
kasha (romanization)
kwasya (romanization)
くわしや (hiragana historical)

/kua t͡ɕia/ → /kʷaɕʲa/ → /kaɕa/
From Middle Chinese compound 火車 (MC xwaX tsyhae).
The "steam locomotive" sense is a semantic loan from modern Chinese 火車 /火车 (huǒchē).

(Buddhism) a fiery chariot that brings sinners to hell; by extension, a form of torture using this vehicle


真実

[ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨ]

真実一路

真実一路 しんじついちろ

(Buddhism) Synonym of 真如 (shinnyo, “suchness”)


고

the hanja entry at 苦 for Sino-Korean compounds of 고


餓鬼

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (餓鬼):
* → Japanese: 餓(が)鬼(き) (gaki)
* → Korean: 아귀(餓鬼) (agwi)
* → Vietnamese: ngạ quỷ (餓鬼)

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔː²² kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/ɡo²²⁻²¹ kui⁵³/

/ɡo⁴¹⁻²² kui⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡo²²⁻²¹ kui⁵³/

/ɡo³³⁻¹¹ kui⁵³/

/ɡɤ³³⁻²¹ kui⁴¹/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔː²² kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/ɡo²²⁻²¹ kui⁵³/

/ɡo⁴¹⁻²² kui⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡo²²⁻²¹ kui⁵³/

/ɡo³³⁻¹¹ kui⁵³/

/ɡɤ³³⁻²¹ kui⁴¹/

The Buddhism sense is a translation of Sanskrit प्रेत (preta).

(Buddhism) hungry ghost (one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology)


餓鬼

餓鬼 (canonical)
餓鬼 (canonical)
gaki (romanization)

Borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 餓鬼 (MC ngaH kjw+jX, “hungry + ghost”). Compare modern Min Nan reading gō-kúi. The Chinese term derives from the importation of Buddhism into China, as a translation of Sanskrit प्रेत (preta).

(Buddhism) short for 餓鬼道 (gakidō): the hungry ghost realm, one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology

餓鬼道

(Buddhism) a preta: the spirit of a jealous or greedy person who, as punishment for mortal vices, has been cursed with insatiable hunger

(Buddhism) the souls of the dead who languish in oblivion without any surviving relatives to pray for their peace


無心

Sino-Xenic (無心):
* → Japanese: 無心(むしん) (mushin)
* → Korean: 무심(無心) (musim)
* → Vietnamese: vô tâm (無心)

/u⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sim³³/

/u⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sim³³/


無心

(Buddhism) setting free one's mind from distracting thoughts


아비

Sino-Korean word from 阿鼻, from 阿 (“hill”) + 鼻 (“nose”).

ko-etym-sino

(Buddhism) a Buddhist hell, one of the eight fiery hells


karman

karman (nominative singular)
karmana (genitive singular)
karmanu (genitive singular)
karmanowi (dative singular)
karman (accusative singular)
karmanem (instrumental singular)
karmanie (locative singular)
karmanie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman). Doublet of karma.

lbor

(Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism) karma (total effect of a person's actions and conduct during the successive phases of their existence)


بوذا

ar-noun

بُوذَا • (būḏā) m

بُوذَا (canonical)
būḏā (romanization)
بُوذَا (indefinite informal invariable singular)
الْبُوذَا (definite informal invariable singular)
بُوذَا (construct informal invariable singular)
بُوذَا (indefinite invariable nominative singular)
الْبُوذَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
بُوذَا (construct invariable nominative singular)
بُوذَا (accusative indefinite invariable singular)
الْبُوذَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
بُوذَا (accusative construct invariable singular)
بُوذَا (genitive indefinite invariable singular)
الْبُوذَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
بُوذَا (construct genitive invariable singular)

ar:غوتاما بودا


거래

Sino-Korean word from 去來, from 去 (“going”) + 來 (“coming”), literally "comings and goings."


Obon

It was coming up to Obon, and spirits were cruising about like travelers arriving at the airport with their suitcases, looking for a place to check in. Obon was their summer vacation, too, when they could come back from the land of the dead to visit us here, in the land of the so-called living.

2013, Ruth Ozeki, A Tale for the Time Being, Canongate Books (2019), page 222:

(Buddhism) A Japanese festival to honour the spirits of one's ancestors.


食堂

ja-noun

食(じき)堂(どう) • (jikidō) ^(←じきだう (zikidau)?)

食堂 (canonical)
jikidō (romanization)
zikidau (romanization)
じきだう (hiragana historical)

/d͡ʑikidau/ → /d͡ʑikidɔː/ → /d͡ʑikidoː/
From Middle Chinese 食堂 (MC zyik dang). First attested in 747.

(Buddhism) refectory in a Buddhist temple


치

Sino-Korean word from 癡 (“foolish, stupid”).


애

(Buddhism) taṇhā or "craving", one of the pratītyasamutpāda, the source of human unhappiness


lamao

eo-head

lamao (accusative singular lamaon, plural lamaoj, accusative plural lamaojn)

lamaon (accusative singular)
lamaoj (plural)
lamaojn (accusative plural)


پرتھوی

ur-proper noun

پِرْتِھْوی or پْرِتْھْوی • (pirthivī or prithvī) f (Hindi spelling पृथ्वी)

پِرْتِھْوی (canonical)
پْرِتْھْوی (canonical)
pirthivī (romanization)
prithvī (romanization)
पृथ्वी (Hindi)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पृथ्वी (pṛthvī).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Prithvi, Mother Earth


skupina

skȕpina (canonical feminine)
ску̏пина (Cyrillic)
skupina (nominative singular)
skupine (nominative plural)
skupine (genitive singular)
skupina (genitive plural)
skupini (dative singular)
skupinama (dative plural)
skupinu (accusative singular)
skupine (accusative plural)
skupino (singular vocative)
skupine (plural vocative)
skupini (locative singular)
skupinama (locative plural)
skupinom (instrumental singular)
skupinama (instrumental plural)


道具

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (道具):
* → Japanese: 道(どう)具(ぐ) (dōgu)
* → Korean: 도구(道具) (dogu)
* → Vietnamese: đạo cụ (道具)

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/tou̯²² kɵy̯²²/

/to²²⁻²¹ ku²²/

/to²²⁻²¹ ki²²/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ ku³⁵/

/dɔ²² t͡ɕy⁴⁴/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/tou̯²² kɵy̯²²/

/to²²⁻²¹ ku²²/

/to²²⁻²¹ ki²²/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ ku³⁵/

/dɔ²² t͡ɕy⁴⁴/

(Buddhism) implement (an accessory that aids one in the Way)


大師

/tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

星雲大師

星云大师

(Buddhism) Great Master (courtesy title used to address a Buddhist monk)


大師

(Buddhism, formal) Great teacher; great or silent master.


noble eightfold path

(Buddhism) The path to the end of suffering, involving eight steps: Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration.


地蔵

地蔵 (canonical)
Jizō (romanization)
Dizau (romanization)
ぢざう (hiragana historical)

/dizau/ → /d͡ʑizɔː/ → /d͡ʑizoː/
Calque of Sanskrit क्षितिगर्भ (Kṣitigarbha, literally “earth womb”).

calque

(Buddhism) Short for 地蔵菩薩 (Jizō Bosatsu): Ksitigarbha, the bodhisattva who looks over children, pregnant women, travelers, and the underworld


jnana

en-noun

jnana (countable and uncountable, plural jnanas)

/dʒəˈnɑː.nə/

From Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna, “knowledge”).

(Buddhism) Pure awareness that is free of conceptual encumbrances.


初心

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (初心):
* → Japanese: 初心(しょしん) (shoshin)
* → Korean: 초심(初心) (chosim)
* → Vietnamese: sơ tâm (初心)

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰo³³⁻²³ sim³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰo³³⁻²³ sim³³/

(Buddhism) mind of a novice, an attitude to learn resembling that of a beginner's, possibly in spite of one's mastery


初心

From 初 (sho, “beginning stages”) + 心 (shin, “heart”).

(Buddhism) open, eager attitude to learning, as if one is a beginner


माया

māyā́ (romanization)
माया (nominative singular)
माये (dual nominative)
मायाः (nominative plural)
माये (singular vocative)
माये (dual vocative)
मायाः (plural vocative)
मायाम् (accusative singular)
माये (accusative dual)
मायाः (accusative plural)
मायया (instrumental singular)
माया1 (instrumental singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मायाभिः (instrumental plural)
मायायै (dative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मायाभ्यः (dative plural)
मायायाः (ablative singular)
मायायै2 (ablative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मायायाः (genitive singular)
मायायै2 (genitive singular)
माययोः (dual genitive)
मायानाम् (genitive plural)
मायायाम् (locative singular)
माययोः (dual locative)
मायासु (locative plural)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬵᬬᬵ

Pali: māyā

Indonesian: maya

Malay: maya

→ English: maya

→ Hindi: माया (māyā)

→ Lao: ມາຍາ (mā nyā)

→ Nepali: माया (māyā)

→ Tamil: மாயை (māyai)

→ Thai: มายา (maa-yaa)

Most likely a derivative of मा (mā, “measure, magic, binding, fettering”), though derivation from a seṭ-variant of मन् (man, “to think, suppose”) is also possible.

(Buddhism) duplicity, one of the 24 minor evil passions


羯磨

Sino-Xenic (羯磨):
* → Japanese: 羯磨(かつま) (katsuma)
* → Vietnamese: Yết-ma (羯磨)

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kʰiːt̚³ mɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kʰiːt̚³ mɔː²¹/

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, literally “act, action”).

bor

(Buddhism) a formal religious proceeding or event


羯磨

*/kɨatɨ mʷa/ → /katuma/ → /kat͡suma/
From Middle Chinese 羯磨 (MC kjot ma), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, literally “act, action”).
This pronunciation is prevalent in many Japanese schools of Buddhism, Tendai and Jōdo-shū to name a few.

(Buddhism) karma:
a person's actions, deeds, works, etc.

confessions and/or vows to follow Buddhist precepts

(Buddhism) karma:
Short for 羯磨金剛 (katsuma kongō):


羯磨

(Shingon Buddhism) karma: same as 羯磨(かつま) (katsuma) above


kalpa

From Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, literally “formation”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A period of 4.32 billion years (1000 chatur-yugas or cycles of the four yugas).


mitra

mitra (nominative singular)
mitrzy (nominative plural)
mitry (derogatory nominative plural)
mitry (genitive singular)
mitrów (genitive plural)
mitrze (dative singular)
mitrom (dative plural)
mitrę (accusative singular)
mitrów (accusative plural)
mitrą (instrumental singular)
mitrami (instrumental plural)
mitrze (locative singular)
mitrach (locative plural)
mitro (singular vocative)
mitrzy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).

lbor

(Buddhism) mitra (person who is interested in becoming a Buddhist and elects to join a Buddhist community to learn more)


muni

Disguising himself, he ventured into the countryside, where he spied a muni meditating beneath a plane tree.

1980, Gene Wolfe, chapter XVII, in The Shadow of the Torturer (The Book of the New Sun; 1), New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 158:

(Jainism, Buddhism) A holy man; a sage or ascetic.


तारा

tā́rā (romanization)
तारा (nominative singular)
तारे (dual nominative)
ताराः (nominative plural)
तारे (singular vocative)
तारे (dual vocative)
ताराः (plural vocative)
ताराम् (accusative singular)
तारे (accusative dual)
ताराः (accusative plural)
तारया (instrumental singular)
तारा1 (instrumental singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताराभिः (instrumental plural)
तारायै (dative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताराभ्यः (dative plural)
तारायाः (ablative singular)
तारायै2 (ablative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताराभ्यः (ablative plural)
तारायाः (genitive singular)
तारायै2 (genitive singular)
तारयोः (dual genitive)
ताराणाम् (genitive plural)
तारायाम् (locative singular)
तारयोः (dual locative)
तारासु (locative plural)

Pali: tārā, tārakā

desctree

→ Old Javanese: tāra
Javanese: ꦠꦫ (tara)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬭᬵ (tara)

→ Burmese: တာရာ (tara)

→ Tagalog: tala

→ Thai: ดารา (daa-raa)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (tārā), 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀸 (tārayā)

Apabhramsa: तारउ (tāraü) (see there for further descendants)

→ Malayalam: താരം (tāraṁ)

→ Telugu: తార (tāra)

→ Tamil: தாரை (tārai)

Based on forms beginning with तार- (tāra-) of तृ (tṛ, “star”), a Vedic contraction of स्तृ (stṛ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hstā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstar-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭- (star-), Persian ستاره (setâre), Latin stella, Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) and Old English steorra (whence English star).


metta

(Buddhism) Lovingkindness or compassion, especially if developed through meditation or mindfulness.


tantra

Ultimately from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra).

(Buddhism, Hinduism, countable) tantra (esoterical text)

(Buddhism, Hinduism, uncountable, chiefly in non-specialist usage) tantrism


tantra

tantra (nominative singular)
tantry (nominative plural)
tantry (genitive singular)
tantr (genitive plural)
tantrze (dative singular)
tantrom (dative plural)
tantrę (accusative singular)
tantry (accusative plural)
tantrą (instrumental singular)
tantrami (instrumental plural)
tantrze (locative singular)
tantrach (locative plural)
tantro (singular vocative)
tantry (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तन्त्र (tantra), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tántram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tántram, from Proto-Indo-European *téntlom, from *ten- (“to stretch, extend”).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) tantra (Hindu or Buddhist religious text)


법

Sino-Korean word from 法 (“law”), from the Middle Korean reading 법〮 (Yale: pép).


mindfulness

en-noun

mindfulness (countable and uncountable, plural mindfulnesses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mindfulness.wav

(Buddhism, psychology) Paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgementally.

正念

paying attention on purpose in the present moment


化緣

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hua¹¹⁻⁵³ iɛn²⁴/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ iɛn²⁴/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɛn²⁴/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ iɛn¹³/

/hua²¹⁻⁴¹ iɛn²³/

/hue²¹⁻⁵³ iɛn²⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hua¹¹⁻⁵³ iɛn²⁴/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ iɛn²⁴/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɛn²⁴/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ iɛn¹³/

/hua²¹⁻⁴¹ iɛn²³/

/hue²¹⁻⁵³ iɛn²⁴/

(Buddhism) to beg for alms; to collect alms


高祖

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 高祖 (MC kaw tsuX).
First cited in Japanese in 1120.

玄孫: a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild


須臾

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (須臾):
* → Japanese: 須(しゅ)臾(ゆ) (shuyu); 須(す)臾(ゆ) (suyu)

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ jyː²¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ zu²³/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ jyː²¹/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ zu²³/

(Buddhism, archaic) A unit of time consisting of one-thirtieth of a day (approximately 48 minutes).


聖人

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ʂəŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/ʂəŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ⁰/

/sɪŋ³³ jɐn²¹/

/səŋ⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/sən³³ zən⁴⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ʂəŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/ʂəŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ⁰/

/sɪŋ³³ jɐn²¹/

/səŋ⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/sən³³ zən⁴⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/siã¹¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/siã²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/siã¹¹⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/siã²¹⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

(Buddhism) enlightened individual; Buddha; bodhisattva


聖人

ja-noun

聖(しょう)人(にん) • (shōnin) ^(←しやうにん (syaunin)?)

聖人 (canonical)
shōnin (romanization)
syaunin (romanization)
しやうにん (hiragana historical)
せいじん (alternative hiragana)
seijin (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

From 聖 (shō, sei, “holy; sacred”) + 人 (nin, jin, “person”), from Chinese 聖人 /圣人 (shèngrén).

af

(Buddhism) a term used to refer to Buddha or a bodhisattva


帷子

Compound of 片 (kata, “side; one-sided”) + 枚 (hira, “layer, thin flat thing”).
The kanji for this word are an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), from 帷 (tobari, “curtain”) and 子 (ko, “small thing”).

compound

(Buddhism) a special white kimono used to dress the dead for a Buddhist funeral, inscribed with the person's honorary name, an excerpt from a sutra, or a portion of a chant


天人

(Buddhism, mythology) heavenly spirits from Buddhist heaven


ศาสดา

From Sanskrit शास्त (śāsta, “taught; instructed”); perhaps via Old Khmer sāstā, sasstā, sāsthā (“instructor, teacher, mentor; an epithet of Gautama Buddha”). Cognate with Modern Khmer សាស្តា (saastaa).

bor

บรม บรม#Thai

พระ พระ#Thai

(Buddhism) (บรม~, พระ~, พระบรม~) an epithet of Gautama Buddha.


上岸

下海

antonym(s) of “to leave the pornography or sex work industry”

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹/

/sœːŋ¹³ ŋɔːn²²/

/siaŋ³³ ᵑɡᵘɔn³²/

/sɔŋ¹¹ ŋɵn¹¹/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋan⁵⁵/

/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋiɑŋ²⁴²/

/t͡siũ³³⁻¹¹ huã³³/

/t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ huã²²/

/t͡siũ³³⁻²¹ huã³³/

/t͡siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ huã²²/

/t͡siũ²² huã⁴¹/

/t͡sĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ ŋai³⁵/

/zɑ̃²² ŋø⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹/

/sœːŋ¹³ ŋɔːn²²/

/siaŋ³³ ᵑɡᵘɔn³²/

/sɔŋ¹¹ ŋɵn¹¹/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋan⁵⁵/

/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋiɑŋ²⁴²/

/t͡siũ³³⁻¹¹ huã³³/

/t͡siũ²²⁻²¹ huã²²/

/t͡siũ³³⁻²¹ huã³³/

/t͡siɔ̃²²⁻²¹ huã²²/

/t͡siũ²² huã⁴¹/

/t͡sĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ ŋai³⁵/

/zɑ̃²² ŋø⁴⁴/

(Loudi Xiang, chiefly Buddhism) to pass away


Panchen Lama

Tibetan པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ (pan chen bla ma). From Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, “scholar”) + Tibetan ཆེན་པོ (chen po, “big”) + Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma).

Hastings sent two embassies to Tibet, those of George Bogle in 1774-5 and Samuel Turner in 1783. Both envoys went to the Panchen Lama’s residence near Shigatse (Jihkatse), but neither visited the Dalai Lama at Lhasa.

1985, Alastair Lamb, “Introduction”, in India and Tibet, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page v:

(Tibetan Buddhism) The second-highest-ranking lama of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism, after the Dalai Lama.

Panchen Lama

second-highest ranking lama of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism


Panchen Lama

(Tibetan Buddhism) Panchen Lama (second-highest ranking lama of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism)


Buddhahood

(Buddhism) The state of being a buddha, or being spiritually enlightened by Buddhist or other teachings.

佛境

state of being enlightened by Buddhist teachings


真人

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/


自行

自行 (canonical)
jigyō (romanization)
zigyau (romanization)
じぎやう (hiragana historical)


skandha

Borrowing from Sanskrit स्कन्ध (skandhá, “mass, heap”).

(Buddhism) Any of the five attributes that constitute the sentient being; aggregate

ခန္ဓာ

any of the five aspects constituting the sentient being in Buddhism


hio

From Hokkien, specifically Zhangzhou Hokkien 香 (hioⁿ, “joss stick; incense”).

(Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism) joss stick; incense

Taoism; Confucianism; Taoism; Confucianism


suchness

en-noun

suchness (usually uncountable, plural suchnesses)

From English dialect, from Middle English swichnesse (“the quality or nature of a thing”), from Old English swilċnes (“quality”), equivalent to such + -ness. Reinforced also as a calque of Sanskrit तथाता (tathātā).

inh

ca. 1928, Hans Driesch, "Philosophy of Nature", in, 1928, Edward Leroy Schaub, ed., Philosophy Today: Essays on Recent Developments in the Field of Philosophy, page 431,
The same relation may prevail between the suchness of willing in men and the realization of that willing.

1955, J. D. Salinger, "Franny", in, 1961, Franny and Zooey, 1991 LB Books edition, page 22,
Without any apparent regard for the suchness of her environment, she sat down.

Rather than give an answer, you have to section the tangerine and invite the questioner to have a taste. Doing this, you allow him or her to enter the suchness of the tangerine without any verbal or conceptual description.

1988, Thich Nhat Hanh, The Sun My Heart: From Mindfulness to Insight Contemplation, Parallax Press, →ISBN, page 94:

(philosophy, chiefly Buddhism) Existence per se.


鬼神

ja-noun

鬼(き)神(じん) or 鬼(き)神(しん) • (kijin or kishin)

鬼神 (canonical)
鬼神 (canonical)
kijin (romanization)
kishin (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 鬼神 (MC kjw+jX zyin, “devil, devilish + god, spirit”).

ltc-l

(Buddhism) someone with superhuman power or ability, such as Śakra, the ruler of heaven, or a rakshasa or demon


聴衆

ja-noun

聴(ちょう)衆(じゅ) or 聴衆(ちょうしゅ) • (chōju or chōshu) ^(←ちやうじゆ (tyauzyu)?)

聴衆 (canonical)
聴衆 (canonical)
chōju (romanization)
chōshu (romanization)
tyauzyu (romanization)
ちやうじゆ (hiragana historical)


中道

中(ちゅう)道(どう) • (chūdō) ^(←ちゆうだう (tyuudau)?)

中道 (canonical)
chūdō (romanization)
tyuudau (romanization)
ちゆうだう (hiragana historical)

ja:中道 ja:中道政治


般若

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

/puːt̚³ jɛː¹³/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² lia⁵³/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zia⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ze⁵³/

/po³³⁻²³ d͡zia⁵²/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

/puːt̚³ jɛː¹³/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² lia⁵³/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zia⁵³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ze⁵³/

/po³³⁻²³ d͡zia⁵²/

From Pali paññā, from Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā).

(Buddhism) prajñā; Buddhist transcendental wisdom


般若

般若 (canonical)
般若 (canonical)
hannya (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 般若 (MC pan nyaeX) or 般若 (MC paen nyaeX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā) or Pali paññā (“wisdom”).

般若湯

hannyatō, obscure Buddhist priest jargon for

(Buddhism) prajñā, Buddhist transcendental wisdom


大悟

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² ŋ̍²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² ŋ̍²²/

(Buddhism) to be (suddenly and) completely enlightened; to come to realise


恆河沙

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (恆河沙):
* → Japanese: 恒(ごう)河(が)沙(しゃ) (gōgasha)
* → Korean: 항하사(恒河沙) (hanghasa)
* → Vietnamese: hằng hà sa (恒河沙)

/xɤŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ hɔː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ hɔː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit गंगानदी वालुका (gaṃgānadī vālukā, “sand of the Ganges River”).
The current usage as the number 10⁵² was re-imported from the Japanese usage which first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

calque

गंगानदी वालुका

650-661, Bhagavaddharma, transl., Sūtra of the Vast, Perfect, Unimpeded Great-Compassionate Heart of the Thousand-Handed Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva Avalokitasvara's Dhāraṇī (千手千眼觀世音菩薩廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼經):

If there is who slanders this mantra, that is to slander those 9.9 billion times the number of the Ganges river sand, of buddhas.

Ruò yǒu bàng cǐ zhòu zhě, jí wèi bàng bǐ jiǔshíjiǔyì hénghéshā zhūfó.

若有謗此咒者，即為謗彼九十九億恆河沙諸佛。

若有谤此咒者，即为谤彼九十九亿恒河沙诸佛。

(etymology, Buddhism) countless number like the total of the grains of sand on the Ganges


anagārika

anagāriko (nominative singular)
anagārikā (nominative plural)
anagārikaṃ (accusative singular)
anagārike (accusative plural)
anagārikena (instrumental singular)
anagārikehi (instrumental plural)
anagārikebhi (instrumental plural)
anagārikassa (dative singular)
anagārikāya (dative singular)
anagārikatthaṃ (dative singular)
anagārikānaṃ (dative plural)
anagārikasmā (ablative singular)
anagārikamhā (ablative singular)
anagārikā (ablative singular)
anagārikehi (ablative plural)
anagārikebhi (ablative plural)
anagārikassa (genitive singular)
anagārikānaṃ (genitive plural)
anagārikasmiṃ (locative singular)
anagārikamhi (locative singular)
anagārike (locative singular)
anagārikesu (locative plural)
anagārika (singular vocative)
anagārikā (plural vocative)

(Buddhism) A white-robed student in some modern forms of the Theravada tradition who, for a few months, awaits being considered for ordination as a samanera.


лама

lama (romanization)
лама (nominative singular)
ламалар (nominative plural)
ламаның (genitive singular)
ламалардың (genitive plural)
ламаға (dative singular)
ламаларға (dative plural)
ламаны (accusative singular)
ламаларды (accusative plural)
ламада (locative singular)
ламаларда (locative plural)
ламадан (ablative singular)
ламалардан (ablative plural)
ламамен (instrumental singular)
ламалармен (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Russian ла́ма (láma), from Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma).


лама

ru-noun+

ла́ма • (láma) m anim (genitive ла́мы, nominative plural ла́мы, genitive plural лам)

ла́ма (canonical)
láma (romanization)
ла́мы (genitive)
ла́мы (nominative plural)
лам (genitive plural)
ла́ма (nominative singular)
ла́мы (nominative plural)
ла́мы (genitive singular)
ла́м (genitive plural)
ла́ме (dative singular)
ла́мам (dative plural)
ла́му (accusative singular)
ла́м (accusative plural)
ла́мой (instrumental singular)
ла́мою (instrumental singular)
ла́мами (instrumental plural)
ла́ме (prepositional singular)
ла́мах (plural prepositional)

ru:лама
ru:лама (животное)

В э́то са́мое вре́мя я, как наро́чно, получи́л из Петербу́рга извеще́ние, что, по та́мошнему благоусмотре́нию, у нас в Сиби́ри увели́чивается число́ будди́йских ка́пищ и удва́иваются шта́ты лам.

1875, Николай Лесков [Nikolai Leskov], “Глава пятая”, in На краю света; English translation from Alfred Edward Chamot, transl., On the Edge of the World, 1923:

At that very time, as if on purpose, I received a notification from Petersburg that authority had graciously been given to increase greatly the number of Buddhist temples, and that the lists of lamas permitted in Siberia had been doubled.

V éto sámoje vrémja ja, kak naróšno, polučíl iz Peterbúrga izveščénije, što, po támošnemu blagousmotréniju, u nas v Sibíri uvelíčivajetsja čisló buddíjskix kápišč i udváivajutsja štáty lam.


atman

From Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul; self; ego; essence”). Doublet of edder (“blood vessel”) and cognate with Old English ǣþm (“breath”).

bor

However, we have been led beyond this to a threefold analysis which in its western version is body-soul-spirit and in its eastern version body-mind-atman.

1994, John Hick, Death and Eternal Life, page 450:

Atman is the manifestation of brahman in the human body. The central theme of the Upanishads is that in the liberated state the atman is identical with brahman.[…]The word atman is generally translated as soul, self or spirit. However, in view of the Western definition of the soul, atman and soul are not the same.[…]In the Western view, the soul is created by God. In the Hindu view, the atman, being eternal, is not created by God. It is a part of God.

2005, Bansi Pandit, Explore Hinduism, page 63:

The human being in Hindu thought comprises Atman (or Punisha) and Maya (or Prakriti). The Hindu doctrine of Atman concerns one's deepest identity.

2006, Donald Goergen, Fire of Love: Encountering the Holy Spirit, page 151:

The priests who were immersed in the ritual science of the Brahmanas began to speculate on the nature of the self, and gradually the word "atman" came to refer to the essential and eternal core of the human person, which made him or her unique.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 84:

The Brahmanic tradition that Buddhism is both connected to and a reaction against was, according to almost every scholar, over the top as regards atman. So, not only were individuals possessed of an immutable, indestructible atman. Some, perhaps many Brahmins were asserting that they were ATMAN.

2011, Owen Flanagan, The Bodhisattva's Brain: Buddhism Naturalized, page 124:

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Vedanta) The true self of an individual beyond identification with worldly phenomena, the essence of an individual, an infinitesimal part of Brahman.


atman

atman (nominative singular)
atmanu (genitive singular)
atmanowi (dative singular)
atman (accusative singular)
atmanem (instrumental singular)
atmanie (locative singular)
atmanie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Vedanta) atman


般若波羅蜜多

ja-r

はん%にゃ% は%ら%みっ%た

desc

반야 바라밀다(般若波羅蜜多)

CJKV/code

はん%にゃ% は%ら%みっ%た

Sino-Xenic (般若波羅蜜多):
* → Japanese: 般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た) (hannya haramitta)
* → Korean: 반야 바라밀다(般若波羅蜜多) (banya baramilda)
* → Vietnamese: bát-nhã-ba-la-mật-đa (般若波羅蜜多)

CJKV

はん%にゃ% は%ら%みっ%た

ㄅㄛ ㄖㄜˇ ㄅㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧˋ ㄉㄨㄛ

божэ боломидо

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mi⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³ pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ mɐt̚² tɔː⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³ pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ mɐt̚² tɔː⁵⁵/

Transcription of Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता (prajñāpāramitā).

der

प्रज्ञापारमिता

觀自在菩薩，行深般若波羅蜜多時，照見五蘊皆空，度一切苦厄。 [MSC, trad.]
观自在菩萨，行深般若波罗蜜多时，照见五蕴皆空，度一切苦厄。 [MSC, simp.]
Guānzìzài Púsà, xíng shēn bōrě bōluómìduō shí, zhào jiàn wǔyùn jiē kōng, dù yīqiē kǔè... [Pinyin]

(Buddhism) prajnaparamita: the Perfection of (Transcendent) Wisdom

(Buddhism) the body of sutras relating to this subject


般若波羅蜜多

ja-noun

般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た) or 般若波羅蜜多(はんにゃはらみた) • (hannya haramitta or hannya haramita)

般若波羅蜜多 (canonical)
般若波羅蜜多 (canonical)
hannya haramitta (romanization)
hannya haramita (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 般若波羅蜜多, itself a transcription from Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता (prajñāpāramitā).

der

प्रज्ञापारमिता

観自在菩薩。行深般若波羅蜜多時。照見五蘊皆空。度一切苦厄。...

The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, while dwelling in the deep Perfection of Wisdom, sees clearly that the five skandhas are all empty and is thus freed from all suffering.

Kanjizai Bosatsu gyō jin hannya haramitta ji shōken goun kai kū do issai kuyaku...


波羅蜜多

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (波羅蜜多):
* → Vietnamese: ba-la-mật-đa (波羅蜜多)

ㄅㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧˋ ㄉㄨㄛ

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mi⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mi⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā).

(Buddhism) Alternative name for 波羅蜜／波罗蜜 (bōluómì, “paramita”).


心經

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐm⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/


宿命

Sino-Xenic (宿命):
* → Japanese: 宿命(しゅくめい) (shukumei)
* → Korean: 숙명(宿命) (sungmyeong)
* → Vietnamese: túc mệnh (宿命)

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹/

/sʊk̚⁵ mɪŋ²²/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ miã²²/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ miã⁴¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ miã²²/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ miã³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ miã³³/

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹/

/sʊk̚⁵ mɪŋ²²/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ miã²²/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ miã⁴¹/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ miã²²/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ miã³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ miã³³/

Translation of Sanskrit जातिस्मर (jātismara, “recollecting a former existence; memory of previous births”). The Tibetan equivalent is ཚེ་རབས་དྲན་པ (tshe rabs dran pa).

der

(Buddhism) destiny; fate; fatality; karma


道場

ja-noun

道(どう)場(じょう) • (dōjō) ^(←だうぢやう (daudyau)?)

道場 (canonical)
dōjō (romanization)
daudyau (romanization)
だうぢやう (hiragana historical)

English: dojo

French: dojo

Polish: dojo

/daudiau/ → /dɔːd͡ʑɔː/ → /doːʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 道場 (MC dawX drjang, literally “way + place”), itself originally a translation of Sanskrit बोधिमण्ड (bodhimaṇḍa, “seat of wisdom”).

der

place where a buddha has achieved enlightenment

a building or facility for ascetic training

(Buddhism) Short for 菩提道場 (bodai-dōjō):
(by extension) a Buddhist temple

Short for 菩提道場 (bodai-dōjō):
a Buddhist temple


神通

神通 (canonical)
jinzū (romanization)
zinduu (romanization)
じんづう (hiragana historical)
神通 (canonical)
jintsū (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩnd͡zɨː]

From Middle Chinese 神通. First cited to a work from 810.

(Buddhism) a superpower, a divine or special talent or power, specifically one of the six abhijñā (“supernatural powers”) gained through Buddhist practice


観音

ja-pos

観(かん)音(のん) • (Kannon) ^(←くわんおん (Kwan'on)?)

観音 (canonical)
Kannon (romanization)
Kwan'on (romanization)
くわんおん (hiragana historical)

English: Kannon, Kwannon

/kwan.omʉ/ → /kwan.on/ → /kwanːon/ → /kanːoɴ/
From Middle Chinese 觀音 (kwan ʔim). The on reading for 音 changes to non as an instance of renjō (連声).
Origianlly a shortening of 観世音 (Kanzeon, literally “perceiver of the world's sounds”), itself a calque of Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara).

calque

अवलोकितेश्वर

観世音菩薩 観世音菩薩#Japanese

(Buddhism) Short for 観世音菩薩 (Kanzeon Bosatsu): Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion; also known in some cultures as Guanyin, the goddess of mercy


bija

(Hinduism, Buddhism) The origin or cause of things.


彌勒菩薩

ja-r

^み%ろく% ^ぼ%さつ

CJKV/code

^み%ろく% ^ぼ%さつ

Sino-Xenic (彌勒菩薩):
* → Japanese: 弥(み)勒(ろく)菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) (Miroku Bosatsu)
* → Korean: 미륵보살(彌勒菩薩) (Mireukbosal)
* → Vietnamese: Di Lặc Bồ Tát (彌勒菩薩)

CJKV

^み%ろく% ^ぼ%さつ

ㄇㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

/mi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/mei̯²¹ lɐk̚² pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵ pu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/mi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/mei̯²¹ lɐk̚² pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵ pu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/


Maitreya

Transliteration of Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya, “friendly, benevolent”).

translit

(Buddhism) A bodhisattva who is considered to be a future Buddha.

ဢရီႉမိတ်ႈတေႇယႃႉ

ʼǎ rḭ̂i mīt tèe yâ̰a


上座部

ㄕㄤˋ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄨˋ

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sɔː²² pou̯²²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sɔː²² pou̯²²/


上座部

[d͡ʑo̞ːza̠bɯ̟]


悲観

From Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”), a Buddhist term. Compare 慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”). Reanalyzed as 悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”).

der

(Buddhism) a compassionate world view that motivates individuals to help and eliminate suffering


三綱

役僧

Buddhist priest with administrative duties

三綱五常

三綱五常 さんこうごじょう

three bonds and five virtues of Confucianism

(Buddhism) three priests who administer certain Buddhist temples


悟入

/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹/

/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu⁵¹/

(Buddhism) to comprehend the ultimate essence of things


Asura

Transliteration of Sanskrit असुर (asura). Doublet of Ahura. Compare English Æsir.

translit

(Buddhism) The lowest class of deities and demigods of the Kāmadhātu.


연기

Sino-Korean word from 緣起, from 緣 (“dependent”) + 起 (“arising”).

ko-etym-sino

석존 출가의 과제였던 중생고(衆生苦) 생사고(生死苦)가 연기에 의한 것[…]

2009, 해주스님 [haejuseunim], “연기(緣起)의 법칙 [yeon'giui beopchik]”, in Bulkwang Media:

[…] that the question for which the Shakyamuni [Buddha] carried out his renunciation, the suffering of the sentient beings and the suffering of the living and the dying, is caused by dependent origination.

(Buddhism) easy preaching that laymen can understand

(Buddhism) a folktale about how a Buddhist temple was founded


योग

yog (romanization)
योग (direct singular)
योग (direct plural)
योग (oblique singular)
योगों (oblique plural)
योग (singular vocative)
योगो (plural vocative)

yoga (discipline aiming to train the consciousness)

मैं प्रतिदिन प्रातः योग करता हूँ।

अमृत योग

भारतीय दर्शन में योग एक अति महत्वपूर्ण शब्द है।

Manish Verma (2017) योग से जीवन को स्वस्थ बनाएं [yog se jīvan ko svasth banāẽ]

In the Indian context, yoga is a very important word.

bhārtīya darśan mẽ yog ek ati mahatvapūrṇ śabd hai.

४ और ३ का योग ७ है। ― 4 aur 3 kā yog 7 hai. ― 4 + 3 = 7

ज्ञान योग

path to knowledge; concept in Advaita Vedanta school of Hinduism


真空

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ hʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ kʰoŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn⁵⁵ hʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ kʰoŋ²¹/

(Buddhism) any phenomenon without material existence


真空

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 真空 (MC tsyin khuwng).
First attested in the 懐風藻 (Kaifūsō) anthology of Sinitic poetry written by Japanese authors, compiled in 751.
The modern sense of vacuum is first attested in 1876.

(Buddhism) sunyata: void, emptiness, non-existence; also, in the early Buddhist schools, enlightenment, nirvana


小僧

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/


小僧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (小僧):
* → Japanese: 小(こ)僧(ぞう) (kozō)
* → Korean: 소승(小僧) (soseung)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/


小僧

From 小 (ko, "small," "little") + 僧 (sō, "bonze," "Buddhist monk").

門前の小僧習わぬ経を読む: a saint's maid quotes Latin


bardo

Borrowed from Tibetan བར་དོ (bar do), from བར (bar, “interval”) + དོ (do, “two”), in the sense of an interval between two states.

According to the belief of the Tibetans, that is considered an untimely death, which, in opposition to the ordinary course of nature, is accelerated by evil spirits, such as Sringan, Dechad, Jungpo, and others. As a consequence of premature decease, the "Bardo," is prolongated. This is the middle state between the death and the new re-birth, which does not follow immediately, but there exists an interval, which is shorter for the good than for the bad. The prolongation of this intermediate state is considered as a punishment caused by evil spirits who have only power over sinful men.

1863, Emil Schlagintweit, “Details Characteristic of the Religion of the People”, in Buddhism in Tibet: Illustrated by Literary Documents and Objects of Religious Worship. With an Account of the Buddhist Systems Preceding It in India. … With a Folio Atlas of Twenty Plates and Twenty Tables of Native Print in the Text, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus; London: Trübner & Co., →OCLC, page 109:

The soul's gradual progress to God in terms of a spiralling pathway up the side of the cosmic mountain, from one spiritual station to the next, is an image common to almost all of the world's mystical systems; but few mention the direct path from the base of the mountain straight up to the summit. Even the Bardo Thodol mentions the direct path only once, and then glancingly, confining itself solely to a description of the soul's circuitous afterlife journey through the heaven-worlds. The shortcut for heroes that bypasses the heaven-worlds or bardos and takes them straight to the divine world—in one lifetime, so it is said—is so well guarded in religious literature that the relevant Tibetan Buddhist texts are written in the "twilight language," a cipher that can be understood only with the help of revelation.

1996, Victoria LePage, “The Perfection of the Shortest Path”, in Shambhala: The Fascinating Truth behind the Myth of Shangri-La, 1st Quest edition, Wheaton, Ill.: The Theosophical Publishing House, →ISBN, page 95:

The bardo in Tibetan means an intermediate state, most specifically the one after death when your soul wanders through the heavens and hell, trying to avoid rebirth into samsara—the realm of the material—and achieve nirvana or Buddhahood. […] Like everything the bardo journey takes place both inside you and outside. Like everything it's both a metaphor and not. I was born in the fifties in a nation suspended in the bardo state between a war a decade over and the hellsmoke light of a new war pulling in the East.

1998, Susanne Paolo, “Prologue”, in Bardo (The Brittingham Prize in Poetry), Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page xiii:

Some writers have suggested the near-death experience expresses the stages of the dissolution process in the bardo of dying. It is premature, I feel, to try to link the near-death experience too precisely with the bardo descriptions, […]

2013, Sogyal Rinpoche, “The Near-Death Experience”, in Lee W. Bailey, Jenny Yates, editors, The Near-Death Experience: A Reader, Routledge, →ISBN, page 173:

Possessing both omniprescence and omniscience, they now stared beyond the abyss of astral space—beyond the six bardos of Tibetan Buddhism—spreading their karmic seeds across the infinite coordinates of the cosmological Minkowski continuum.

2014, C. J. Cala, “Babble On”, in Four Different Faces, [s.l.]: C. J. Cala, →ISBN, page 151:

"Bardo," as noted, means in-between state. So whenever we're in between two states, no matter what the scale, we're in a bardo state. These two states could be living and dying or being awake and being asleep, but they could also be the just-past moment of thought and the moment to come. Thus "bardo" includes the gap between the cessation of one moment of thought and the arising of the next moment.

2015, Evan Thompson, “Dying: What Happens when We Die?”, in Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 292:

For internees the war was experienced in exile. The Buddhists in Crystal City understood it as a bardo state—a provisional period between the lives before their confinement, and the dream of freedom after the war.

2015 January, Jan Jarboe Russell, “The All-American Camp”, in The Train to Crystal City: FDR’s Secret Prisoner Exchange Program and America’s only Family Internment Camp during World War II, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, →ISBN, page 233:

(Tibetan Buddhism) The state of existence between death and subsequent reincarnation.


火災

火災 (canonical)
kasai (romanization)
kwasai (romanization)
くわさい (hiragana historical)

/kwasai/ → /kasai/
From Middle Chinese compound 火災 (xwa^X tsoj). Compare modern Mandarin reading huǒzāi.

火災救助袋

a cloth escape chute installed in tall buildings in Japan to facilitate escape from a fire

火災予防条例

a fire prevention law or ordinance, a fire code

(Buddhism) one of the three major calamities that destroy the world


七寶

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ pou̯³⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit सप्तरत्न (saptaratna). The seven treasures refers to the seven gems and precious metals, referenced in the Buddhist Prajñā sutras and others.

cal

(Buddhism) the seven treasures (gold, silver, crystal, tridacna, agate, amber, coral)


七宝

(Buddhism) the seven treasures: gold, silver, pearls, agate, crystal, coral, lapis lazuli.


고모

assuming aforementioned Sino-Korean etymology

Probably a Sino-Korean word from 苦 (“torment”) + 冒 (“to face”), but this is not fully clear because the relevant Early Modern sources are written in pure Korean script.

ko-etym-sino

나서 늘그며 병 드러 죽는 고모ᄅᆞᆯ 면치 못ᄒᆞ고[…]

1704, 명연/明衍, 염불보권문/念佛普勸文 [Treatises in recommendation of nianfo]:

one cannot escape the suffering of being born [only] to grow old, fall sick, and die […]

nase nulkumye pyeng tule cwuknun kwomwo-lol myenchi mwos-hokwo

(Gyeongsang, Buddhism) the fundamental suffering of human existence


지대

(Buddhism) travel bag or sack carried by monks


縁起

縁起 (canonical)
engi (romanization)
えんぎ (hiragana historical)

縁起棚

a shelf set up for display good luck charms, usually by a geisha, performer, or shopkeeper


弥勒

From Middle Chinese 彌勒 (mjie lok), from Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya).


ວັດ

From Sanskrit वाट (vāṭa, “enclosure”). Compare Khmer វត្ត (voat), Thai วัด (wát).


西方

/ɕi⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/se³³ hɔŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/se³³ hŋ̍³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ faŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ fɑŋ²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/se³³ hɔŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/se³³ hŋ̍³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

(Buddhism) Alternative name for 西天 (xītiān, “Western Paradise”).


四聖諦

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/


聖諦

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ tɐi̯³³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ tɐi̯³³/

translated from Sanskrit: 聖 (sacred) + 諦 (truths)


སངས་རྒྱས

/saŋ˥˥.cɛː˥˨/

Calque of Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “Buddha; awakened”), from སངས (sangs, “purified; cleansed”) + རྒྱས (rgyas, “extended; fully grown; spread”), literally “the awakened-blossomed one”, meaning that the Buddha has awakened from the sleep of ignorance and spread his mind to all objects of knowledge.


天台

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

天台宗

(Buddhism) Tiantai (a school of Mahayana Buddhism that stresses the Lotus Sutra)


天台

(Buddhism) a school of Mahayana Buddhism that stresses the Lotus Sutra


世論

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ən⁵¹/

(Buddhism) non-Buddhist religions and philosophies


आर्य

ā́rya (romanization)
metrical Vedic ā́riya (romanization)
आर्यः (nominative singular)
आर्यौ (dual nominative)
आर्या1 (dual nominative)
आर्याः (nominative plural)
आर्यासः1 (nominative plural)
आर्य (singular vocative)
आर्यौ (dual vocative)
आर्या1 (dual vocative)
आर्याः (plural vocative)
आर्यासः1 (plural vocative)
आर्यम् (accusative singular)
आर्यौ (accusative dual)
आर्या1 (accusative dual)
आर्यान् (accusative plural)
आर्येण (instrumental singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आर्यैः (instrumental plural)
आर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आर्याय (dative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
आर्यात् (ablative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
आर्यस्य (genitive singular)
आर्ययोः (dual genitive)
आर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
आर्ये (locative singular)
आर्ययोः (dual locative)
आर्येषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja)

Marathi: आजा (ājā), आजोबा (ājobā)

Konkani: आजो (āzô)

→ Kannada: ಅಜ್ಜ (ajja)

→ Malayalam: അച്ഛൻ (acchaṉ)

→ Tamil: அச்சன் (accaṉ)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: આજો (ājo)

Pali: ariya

Mon: အရဳ (ʼarī)

→ Assamese: আৰ্য্য (airzo)

→ Bengali: আর্য (arjo), আর্যু (arju)

→ English: Arya

desc

→ Hindi: आर्य (ārya, “Aryan”), हिंद-आर्य (hind-ārya, “Indo-Aryan”)

→ Urdu: آریہ (ārya, “Aryan”)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ārya
Javanese: ꦲꦂꦪ (arya), ꦄꦂꦪ (Arya)
→ Balinese: ᬆᬃᬬ (arya)

→ Punjabi: ਆਰੀਆ (ārīā, “Aryan”)

→ Tamil: ஆரியம் (āriyam)

desc

→ Thai: อารียา (female given name "Ariya")

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Áryas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Áryas (“Aryan”).
Old Indic ā́rya (with long a, vṛddhi-formed Sanskrit ā́rya-) is a cognate of Proto-Iranian *Áryah (with short a, Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱriia) and Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹 (a-r-i-y /Ariya/). The term was used as a self-designator by both Indians and Iranians.

(from developments in Buddhist/Pali usage)

(Buddhism) a man who has thought on the four chief truths of Buddhism and lives accordingly, a Buddhist priest (Pali ayya, or ariya)


經藏

ja-r

経蔵(きょうぞう) (kyōzō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (經藏):
* → Japanese: 経蔵(きょうぞう) (kyōzō)
* → Korean: 경장(經藏) (gyeongjang)
* → Vietnamese: kinh tạng (經藏)

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/


傘蓋

/sän²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sän²¹⁴⁻²¹ kaɪ̯⁵¹/


Mara

From Sanskrit मर (mara), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). Doublet of mortality.

(Buddhism) The Buddhist archangel of evil or demon


szútra

szútrák (plural)
szútra (nominative singular)
szútrák (nominative plural)
szútrát (accusative singular)
szútrákat (accusative plural)
szútrának (dative singular)
szútráknak (dative plural)
szútrával (instrumental singular)
szútrákkal (instrumental plural)
szútráért (causal-final singular)
szútrákért (causal-final plural)
szútrává (singular translative)
szútrákká (plural translative)
szútráig (singular terminative)
szútrákig (plural terminative)
szútraként (essive-formal singular)
szútrákként (essive-formal plural)
szútrában (inessive singular)
szútrákban (inessive plural)
szútrán (singular superessive)
szútrákon (plural superessive)
szútránál (adessive singular)
szútráknál (adessive plural)
szútrába (illative singular)
szútrákba (illative plural)
szútrára (singular sublative)
szútrákra (plural sublative)
szútrához (allative singular)
szútrákhoz (allative plural)
szútrából (elative singular)
szútrákból (elative plural)
szútráról (delative singular)
szútrákról (delative plural)
szútrától (ablative singular)
szútráktól (ablative plural)
szútráé (singular)
szútráké (plural)
szútráéi (singular)
szútrákéi (plural)
szútrám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
szútráim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
szútrád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
szútráid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
szútrája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
szútrái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
szútránk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
szútráink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
szútrátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
szútráitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
szútrájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
szútráik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Sanskrit सूत्र (sū́tra, “thread, yarn, string; rule”).

uder

(Buddhism, Hinduism) sutra (a scriptural narrative, especially a discourse of the Buddha)


दान

dā́na (romanization)
दानम् (nominative singular)
दाने (dual nominative)
दानानि (nominative plural)
दाना1 (nominative plural)
दान (singular vocative)
दाने (dual vocative)
दानानि (plural vocative)
दाना1 (plural vocative)
दानम् (accusative singular)
दाने (accusative dual)
दानानि (accusative plural)
दाना1 (accusative plural)
दानेन (instrumental singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दानैः (instrumental plural)
दानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दानाय (dative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दानेभ्यः (dative plural)
दानात् (ablative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दानस्य (genitive singular)
दानयोः (dual genitive)
दानानाम् (genitive plural)
दाने (locative singular)
दानयोः (dual locative)
दानेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna) (Girnar)

Sylheti: ꠖꠣꠘ (dan)

Bengali: দান (dan)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna)

Old Gujarati: दाण (dāṇa)

Gujarati: દાણ (dāṇ)

Old Hindi: दान (dāna)

Braj: दान (dān)

Hindi: दान (dān)

Urdu: دان (dān)

desctree

Pali: dāna
→ Burmese: ဒါန (dana.)
→ Khmer: ទាន (tiən)
→ Lao: ທານ (thān)
→ Mon: ဒါန်
→ Thai: ทาน (taan)

Borrowings

→ Balinese: ᬤᬵᬦ (dana)

→ English: dana

→ Classical Malay: dana

Malay: dana
Indonesian: dana

→ Middle Chinese: 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na)

Chinese: 檀那 (tánnà)

Mandarin: 檀那 (tánnà)

→ Japanese: 旦那 (danna)

→ Old Javanese: dāna
> Javanese: ꦢꦤ (dana) (inherited)

→ Old Gujarati: दान (dāna)

→ Punjabi: ਦਾਨ (dān)/ دان (dān)

From Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom (“gift”), from *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognate with Latin dōnum (“gift”), Old Irish dán (“gift”).

तदेतत्त्रयँ शिक्षेद् दमं दानं दयामिति

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, 5.2.3 (c. 700 BC)

Learn three cardinal virtues - self restraint, charity and compassion for all life.

tadetattrayam̐ śikṣed damaṃ dānaṃ dayāmiti

(Buddhism, Hinduism) the practice of cultivating generosity; dana


請願

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵ jyːn²²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan³³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋuaŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵ jyːn²²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan³³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋuaŋ³⁵/


Yama

Borrowed from Sanskrit यम (yamá). Doublet of Enma.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) The Hindu lord of death, who rides a buffalo.


Adi-Buddha

Transliteration of Sanskrit आदिबुद्ध (ādibuddha).

translit

(Buddhism) The Primordial Buddha, a self-emanating, self-originating Buddha, present before anything else existed.


dhyana

en-noun

dhyana (countable and uncountable, plural dhyanas)

From Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, literally “meditation”). Doublet of Zen and Chan.

bor

Thus the Kaivalyopanisad accords equal importance to Sraddha (faith-regard), devotion (bhakti) and meditation (dhyana) for the attainment of the highest knowledge.

The beginning must be made with pathawi-kasina, and then the dhyánas, &c., must be taken alternately, as from the first dhyána to the third, then to ákásánancháyatana, and so on to the end.

1860, Robert Spence Hardy, Eastern monachism, page 262:

Each of the three planes may be experienced through developing the dhyānas in meditation - so here we have yet another way of describing higher states of consciousness.

1997, Meditation: The Buddhist Way of Tranquillity and Insight, page 86:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A type of profound meditation.


कोश

kóśa (romanization)
कोशः (nominative singular)
कोशौ (dual nominative)
कोशा1 (dual nominative)
कोशाः (nominative plural)
कोशासः1 (nominative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशौ (dual vocative)
कोशा1 (dual vocative)
कोशाः (plural vocative)
कोशासः1 (plural vocative)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशौ (accusative dual)
कोशा1 (accusative dual)
कोशान् (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)
कोशम् (nominative singular)
कोशे (dual nominative)
कोशानि (nominative plural)
कोशा1 (nominative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशे (dual vocative)
कोशानि (plural vocative)
कोशा1 (plural vocative)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशे (accusative dual)
कोशानि (accusative plural)
कोशा1 (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: কোশ (küx)

→ Bengali: কোশ (kōś), কোষ (kōś)

→ English: kosha

→ Hindi: कोश (koś)

→ Malay: kosa

Indonesian: kosa

Nepali: कोश् (koś) / कोसो (koso)

→ Odia: କୋଷ (kosha)

Sindhi: ڪوشُ

→ Tamil: கோசம் (kōcam)

→ Telugu: కోశము (kōśamu)

→ Thai: โกศ (gòot)

Pali: kosa

desc

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਸ਼ (koś, “store, glossary, lexicon”)

Probably from the verb कुश्यति (kuśyati, “to embrace, enfold”), related to कुक्षि (kukṣí, “belly, interior”) and कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “viscera of the body”), or from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwćas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kówH-ḱo-s, probably from *(s)kewH-. Compare Kamkata-viri kuć, kyuć, Lithuanian káušas.

(Buddhism) name of a collection of Gāthā verses


出世

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ sz̩³⁵/

/t͡ʃʰut⁵⁻² ʃe¹¹/

/t͡sʰuʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ siɛ²¹³/

/t͡sʰɔʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬi⁴²/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻²⁴ ɬi⁴²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ si²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ si⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ si²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ si¹¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ si²¹/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ si²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ sz̩³⁵/

/t͡ʃʰut⁵⁻² ʃe¹¹/

/t͡sʰuʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ siɛ²¹³/

/t͡sʰɔʔ¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬi⁴²/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻²⁴ ɬi⁴²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ si²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ si⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ si²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ si¹¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ si²¹/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ si²¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ se¹¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ se⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ se²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ se¹¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ se⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ se²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ si²¹/

(Buddhism) to attain liberation from samsara


念仏

From Middle Chinese-derived elements 念(ねん) (nen, “mental chanting”) + 仏(ぶつ) (butsu, “Buddha”).

念仏往生

passing away peacefully to be reborn in Paradise through invocation of Amitābha

(Buddhism) a prayer or chant to the Buddha

(Buddhism, especially) chanting the name of Amitābha Buddha, thought to rescue its devotee to the pure land


念仏

念仏する (canonical)
nenbutsu suru (romanization)
念仏し (stem)
念仏した (past)
念仏し
ねんぶつし
nenbutsu shi
念仏する
ねんぶつする
nenbutsu suru
念仏すれ
ねんぶつすれ
nenbutsu sure
念仏せよ (imperative literary)
念仏しろ (colloquial imperative)
ねんぶつせよ (imperative literary)
ねんぶつしろ (colloquial imperative)
nenbutsu seyo (imperative literary)
nenbutsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
念仏される (passive)
ねんぶつされる (passive)
nenbutsu sareru (passive)
念仏させる (causative)
念仏さす (causative)
ねんぶつさせる (causative)
ねんぶつさす (causative)
nenbutsu saseru (causative)
nenbutsu sasu (causative)
念仏できる (potential)
ねんぶつできる (potential)
nenbutsu dekiru (potential)
念仏しよう (volitional)
ねんぶつしよう (volitional)
nenbutsu shiyō (volitional)
念仏しない (negative)
ねんぶつしない (negative)
nenbutsu shinai (negative)
念仏せず (continuative negative)
ねんぶつせず (continuative negative)
nenbutsu sezu (continuative negative)
念仏します (formal)
ねんぶつします (formal)
nenbutsu shimasu (formal)
念仏した (perfective)
ねんぶつした (perfective)
nenbutsu shita (perfective)
念仏して (conjunctive)
ねんぶつして (conjunctive)
nenbutsu shite (conjunctive)
念仏すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ねんぶつすれば (conditional hypothetical)
nenbutsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

南無阿弥陀仏 南無阿弥陀仏#Japanese

(Buddhism, especially) to chant 南無阿弥陀仏 (namu Amida-butsu), an invocation to the Amitābha Buddha


念仏

From Middle Chinese-derived elements 念 (nin, “mental chanting”) + 仏 (buchi, “Buddha”).
Cognate with mainland Japanese 念仏 (nenbutsu).


石仏

From 石 (seki, “stone”) + 仏 (butsu, “Buddhist image”).


唯心

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (唯心):
* → Japanese: 唯心(ゆいしん) (yuishin)
* → Korean: 유심(唯心) (yusim)
* → Vietnamese: duy tâm (唯心)

/weɪ̯³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻²² sim³³/

/ui¹³⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻²² sim³³/

/ui¹³⁻²² sim⁴⁴/


ประธาน

From Sanskrit प्रधान (pradhāna, “leading; presiding; etc”); possibly via Old Khmer pradhāna, pradāna, prathṭhāna, braḥ dhāna, braḥ dhāṇa, braḥ thāna (“chief, lord, master, leader; man of distinction, personage of note; supreme, most important; etc”). Cognate with Lao ປະທານ (pa thān), Modern Khmer ប្រធាន (prɑɑthiən).

bor

สังวรประธาน สังวรประธาน#Thai

สังวรประธาน (sǎng-wá-rá-bprà-taan), the effort to prevent the arising of evil intentions which have not yet arisen;

ปหานประธาน ปหานประธาน#Thai

ปหานประธาน (bpà-hǎa-ná-bprà-taan), the effort to abandon the evil intentions which have arisen;

ภาวนาประธาน ภาวนาประธาน#Thai

ภาวนาประธาน (paa-wá-naa-bprà-taan), the effort to encourage the arising of good intentions which have not yet arisen;

อนุรักขนาประธาน อนุรักขนาประธาน#Thai

อนุรักขนาประธาน (à-nú-rák-kà-naa-bprà-taan), the effort to maintain the good intentions which have arisen.


พรหม

Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्रह्म (brahma, “Brahma”) or Pali brahma (“idem”).

bor+

พระ พระ#Thai

พรหมโลก พรหมโลก#Thai

รูปพรหม รูปพรหม#Thai

อรูปพรหม อรูปพรหม#Thai

(Buddhism) (พระ~) brahma, a kind of divine beings that dwell in the realm พรหมโลก (prom-má-lôok), divided into two sub-realms: (1) รูปพรหม (rûup-bpà-prom), for brahmas that have form; and (2) อรูปพรหม (à-rûup-bpà-prom), for formless brahmas.

พระ พระ#Thai

เจ้าคณะรอง เจ้าคณะรอง#Thai

(Buddhism in Thailand) (พระ~) brahma, a title for priests holding the rank of เจ้าคณะรอง (jâao-ká-ná-rɔɔng).


ยมทูต

From Sanskrit यमदूत (yamadūta, “Yama's agent”). Compare Lao ຍົມມະທູດ (nyom ma thūt).

ยมบาล

underworld officer whose duty is to enforce judgments passed by the underworld court

(Buddhism, Hinduism) An underworld officer whose duty is to bring a dead person before the underworld court for trial.


化身

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (化身):
* → Japanese: 化(け)身(しん) (keshin)
* → Korean: 화신(化身) (hwasin)
* → Vietnamese: hoá thân (化身)

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/faː³³ sɐn⁵⁵/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sin³³/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/faː³³ sɐn⁵⁵/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sin³³/

Calque of Sanskrit निर्माणकाय (nirmāṇakāya, “body of transformations”). The Tibetan equivalent is སྤྲུལ་སྐུ (sprul sku).


化身

Daijirin
Daijisen
Incarnation
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Nirmāṇakāya
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:化身
ja:松村明

From Middle Chinese 化身 (MC xwaeH syin, “transformation + body”), itself a translation of Sanskrit निर्माणकाय (nirmāṇakāya, “body of transformations”).
Very rarely encountered with the reading kashin, using the kan'on reading of ka for the 化 character instead of the usual goon reading of ke. Most resources do not include the kashin reading.

der

(Buddhism) one of the three trikāya: a physical incarnation of someone, such as Gautama Buddha

(Buddhism, Shinto) a physical manifestation of a Buddha, bodhisattva, kami, or other divine or mystical being


権化

From 権 (gon, “right, power”) + 化 (ke, “change oneself into”).

(Buddhism) avatar (earthly manifestation of a deity)


สุจิตรา

From Sanskrit सुचित्रा (sucitrā), from सु (su, “easy; good, fine, excellent”) + चित्रा (citrā, “illusion; unreality; etc”), equivalent to Thai สุ (sù) + จิตรา.

com

สุ (sù) + จิตรา

(Buddhist mythology) Sucitrā, one of the four chief wives of the god Indra.


彼岸

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (彼岸):
* → Japanese: 彼岸(ひがん) (higan)
* → Korean: 피안(彼岸) (pian)
* → Vietnamese: bỉ ngạn (彼岸)

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/

/pei̯³⁵ ŋɔːn²²/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan⁴¹/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/

/pei̯³⁵ ŋɔːn²²/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan⁴¹/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/

Literal translation of Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā). Compare the phonetic translation 波羅蜜多／波罗蜜多 (bōluómìduō).

zh-l

波羅蜜多／波罗蜜多 (bōluómìduō)

(Buddhism) paramita; the perfection of a virtue; the goal to be reached


彼岸

(Buddhism) pāramitā the sought after perfection, Clipping of 到彼岸 (tōhigan).


사내

Sino-Korean word from 寺 (“temple”) + 內 (“interior”).

ko-etym-Sino

(Buddhism) interior of a Buddhist temple facility