fMRI

en-noun

fMRI (countable and uncountable, plural fMRIs)

fMRI has not been carried out yet in the group of paedophilia or other paraphiliae. Given the much better spatial and in particular higher temporal resolution it may be the tool of preference.

2008, Raymond C. Browne, Forensic Psychiatry Research Trends, page 125:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) visualizes the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the brain, which indexes neural activity.

2015: Vogt, Nina (December 2015). "fMRI goes individual". Research Highlights. Nature Methods 12 (12): 1112. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3677

functional magnetic resonance imaging#English

(uncountable, radiology) Initialism of functional magnetic resonance imaging.

functional magnetic resonance imager#English

(countable, radiology) Initialism of functional magnetic resonance imager.

functional magnetic resonance image#English

(countable, radiology) Initialism of functional magnetic resonance image.


scout

From Middle English scout, scoult, from Old French escoute (“action of listening”), verbal noun from escouter (“to listen, heed”), from Latin auscultō (“to listen”). The verb comes from the noun.

der

A scout topogram is initially performed during continuous table motion, generating an anatomic overview image similar to a conventional radiograph at the locked projection.

2012, Ella A. Kazerooni, Baskaran Sundaram, Imaging of Lung Cancer, page 937:

It consisted of injecting an iodinated contrast agent while a breast was compressed in one projection after a scout film, taking several sequential films, and subtracting them from the scout film.

2016, John L. Cameron, Andrew M. Cameron, Current Surgical Therapy, page 721:

Because of this FOV limitation, several institutions use a weight cutoff or a scout radiograph lateral diameter cutoff, though the exact cutoff threshold varies from institution to institution.

2018, Savvas Nicolaou, Mohammed F. Mohammed, Multi-Energy CT: The New Frontier in Imaging, page 643:

(radiography) A preliminary image that allows the technician to make adjustments before the actual diagnostic images.


enhance

en-verb

enhance (third-person singular simple present enhances, present participle enhancing, simple past and past participle enhanced)

enhances (present singular third-person)
enhancing (participle present)
enhanced (participle past)
enhanced (past)

From Middle English enhauncen, anhaunsen, from Anglo-Norman anhauncer (“enhance, raise”), from Vulgar Latin *inaltiāre (“raise”), derived from Latin in + altus (“high”). The /h/ in Old French was taken from haut (“high”), where it resulted from Frankish influence.

der

(radiology) To take up contrast agent (for an organ, tissue, or lesion).


enhancement

en-noun

enhancement (countable and uncountable, plural enhancements)

The enhancement characteristics of a PNET on CT may also have prognostic value, as lesions that hypoenhance on CT scan tend to have worse overall survival than lesions that are isoenhancing or hyperenhancing (5-year survival 54% vs 89% vs 93%).

2016, Nuzhat A. Ahmad, Management of Pancreatic Diseases:

(radiology) The degree to which the image of a scan stands out as a bright area.


dosis

id-noun

dosis (first-person possessive dosisku, second-person possessive dosismu, third-person possessive dosisnya)

dosisku (first-person possessive)
dosismu (possessive second-person)
dosisnya (possessive third-person)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin dosis (“dose”) (influenced by Dutch dosis (“dose”)), from Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis, “a portion prescribed”, literally “a giving”), used by Galen and other Greek physicians to mean an amount of medicine, from Proto-Hellenic *dótis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis. Doublet of dus.

der

(Standard Malay)

(nuclear physics, radiology) the quantity of an agent (not always active) substance or radiation administered at any one time.


honeycombing

(medicine, radiology) An appearance of the presence of small cystic spaces with irregularly thickened walls composed of fibrous tissue, observed in widespread pulmonary fibrosis.


PTHC

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTHC or PTC) is radiography of bile ducts via needle puncture.

2005, Judi Lindsley Nath, Using Medical Terminology: A Practical Approach, Wolters Kluwer Health, →ISBN, page 92:

(radiology) percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography


minifilm

(radiography) A 10 cm² film used for chest X-rays that requires only 2.0 mrad (as opposed to the standard film of 35 by 42.5 cm, which requires at least 9.2 mrad).


microfocus

(radiography) The ability to focus on a microscopic target


microfocus

en-verb

microfocus (third-person singular simple present microfocuses, present participle microfocusing, simple past and past participle microfocused)

microfocuses (present singular third-person)
microfocusing (participle present)
microfocused (participle past)
microfocused (past)

(radiography) To focus on a microscopic target


frog view

In 3 of his cases, abnormal findings were equivocal or absent in the anteroposterior view but clearly demonstrable in the frog view.

1963, RSNA Index to Imaging Literature - Volume 81, page 361:

How can we reconcile such an apparently simple picture as that presented to us by Theron's work with the complicated, somewhat illogical grouping that is revealed to us by the anterolateral and frog views of the hip.

1983, David M. Gruebel Lee, David M. Hirsh, Disorders of the Hip, page 150:

We routinely use a lateral frog view for followup hip evaluation but occasionally obtain a cross-table lateral view to evaluate acetabular component version.

2014, Giles R Scuderi, Techniques in Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty E-Book: Expert Consult, →ISBN:

(radiology) A lateral view of the hips with the legs positioned like a frog on a lily pad to prevent them from obscuring each other.


Aunt Minnie

Said to have been coined in the 1940s by Dr. Ben Felson, a radiologist at the University of Cincinnati, suggesting something as immediately recognisable as one's own relatives.

The following abdominal radiographic Aunt Minnies (Figs. 3.3 to 3.9) are commonly encountered. File them away in your visual-cerebral computer, and your ability to recognize them will make you a star in the eyes of your colleagues[…]

2009, William E. Erkonen, Wilbur L. Smith, Radiology 101: The Basics and Fundamentals of Imaging, page 72:

(radiology) A distinctive radiographic finding that is virtually pathognomonic.


hyperenhancement

en-noun

hyperenhancement (countable and uncountable, plural hyperenhancements)

For example, transmural hyperenhancements ranging from 26 to 50 percent in dysfunctional myocardial segments predicted with a less than 50 percent accuracy a postrevascularization improvement in contractile function.

2007, Valentin Fuster, Robert A. O'Rourke, Richard Walsh, Hurst's the Heart, page 675:

One would expect the area of hypoenhancement on first-pass imaging to be larger than that of hyperenhancement on delayed contrast-enhanced imaging.

(radiology) Greater than background-level brightness.


thumbprinting

(radiology) A radiologic sign found on a lateral C-spine radiograph, with a thickened free edge of the epiglottis resembling the distal thumb, that suggests a diagnosis of epiglottitis.


usur

usur (indefinite nominative singular)
usurs (genitive indefinite singular)
usuren (definite nominative singular)
usurens (definite genitive singular)
usurer (indefinite nominative plural)
usurers (genitive indefinite plural)
usurerna (definite nominative plural)
usurernas (definite genitive plural)


overbeaming

(radiology) The extension of the radiographic beam beyond the detectors, so as to avoid penumbral effects at the outer edges.


halo sign

(radiology) The finding of a dark halo around the arterial lumen on ultrasound, suggesting a diagnosis of temporal arteritis.


影像學

ㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

/iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jɪŋ³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/

/iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jɪŋ³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/


boneseeker

Some isotopes that are not alpha-emitters are also "bone[-]seekers," and are not well eliminated. The result is that even a small quantity of these materials, retained in the body, may lead to depression of bone marrow activity, and to serious bone lesions.

1954 September 1, Subcommittee on Protection against Radiations from Radium, Cobalt-60, and Cesium-137 Encapsulated Sources, “General Considerations”, in Protection from Radiations from Radium, Cobalt-60, and Cesium-137 (National Bureau of Standards Handbook; 54), Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, →OCLC, section 2.2 (Hazards), page 7:

The bases of working limits for environmental contamination are the permissible limits for internal emitters. If the internal emitter is a bone-seeker (examples are plutonium, Sr⁹⁰, and the rare earths) the criterion for establishing limits is based on the history of humans who have had radium deposited in their skeletons. To experimentally find the maximum quantity of a radioactive bone-seeker that can deposit in the human skeleton without adverse effect, it is usual to compare the toxicity in experimental animals of the bone-seeker with that of radium.

1959 October, H. A. Kornberg, “Biological Implications of Radioactive Wastes”, in Sixth International Congress and Exhibition of Electronics and Atomic Energy, Rome, Italy, June 1959: U.S. Papers (United States Atomic Energy Commission Technical Information Service; TID-7579), Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Division of International Affairs, United States Atomic Energy Commission, →OCLC, page 6:

In general, localization of the rare-earth "bone-seekers" was poor except for ¹⁵⁷Dy, which compared well with ⁹⁹ᵐTc-PP and ⁹⁹ᵐTc-DP; ¹⁵⁷Dy was also helpful in studies of the abdomen and pelvis because of its failure to concentrate in the gastrointestinal tract.

1977 October, Karl F. Hübner, Gould A. Andrews, Raymond L. Hayes, J. Kenneth Poggenburg, Jr., Alan Solomon, “The Use of Rare-earth Radionuclides and Other Bone-seekers in the Evaluation of Bone Lesions in Patients with Multiple Myeloma or Solitary Plasmacytoma”, in Radiology, volume 125, number 1, Easton, Pa.: Radiological Society of North America, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, abstract, page 171:

These studies demonstrated that beside radionuclide retention anatomical and physiological factors affect the induction of radiation damage from incorporating α-emitting bone seekers to bone marrow.

1985, G. Schoeters, R. Van Den Heuvel, O. Vanderborght, “The Study of Damage to Bone Marrow Cells as a Biological Dosimeter after Contamination with Osteotropic α Emitters”, in Nicholas D. Priest, editor, Metals in Bone: Proceedings of a EULEP Symposium on the Deposition, Retention and Effects of Radioactive and Stable Metals in Bone and Bone Marrow Tissues, October 11th–13th 1984, Angers, France, Lancaster, Hingham, Mass.: MTP Press for the Commission for the European Communities, →DOI, →ISBN, page 59:

"The guy that just left—what's he got in his lungs?" / "Well, I'm not very sure. But the two best candidates are uranium-233 and plutonium-239, one or both." / "They're in his bones too, aren't they?" / "Yeah, they're both boneseekers. And they've got half-lives of one hundred sixty-two thousand and twenty-four thousand years respectively. So they stay hot for a long time."

1985, Michael Swanwick, “Boneseeker”, in In the Drift (New Ace Science Fiction Specials; series 3), New York, N.Y.: Ace Science Fiction Books, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 2017, →ISBN, page 80:

Lead is a bone seeker; it is found in bone mineral with a 70% higher level in cancellous bone than in compact bone.

1987, Geoffrey G[unther] Eichholz, “Human Exposure”, in C. Richard Cothern, James E. Smith, Jr., editors, Environmental Radon (Environmental Science Research; 35), New York, N.Y., London: Plenum Press, →ISBN, section 5.1.2. (Uptake of Radon Progeny), page 132:

[I]n general, inland waters exhibit much (2–3 orders of magnitude) higher concentrations of ²²²Rn than of ²²⁶Ra. This fact has, however, only very little meaning from the point of view of radiological protection, because ²²⁶Ra being a long-lived, alpha-active boneseeker, belongs to highly radiotoxic substances, whereas ²²²Rn, a short-lived noble gas, does not.

1994 June, T. Wardaszko, D. Grzybowska, “Investigation of Levels of ²²⁶Ra and ²²²Rn in Fresh Waters”, in J. Suski, T. Wardaszko, J. Rostek, editors, Bi-annual Report 1992–1993: Operational and Research Activities of Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Warsaw: Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, →ISBN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-02-14, page 74:

(physiology, radiology) Any element, especially a radioisotope, that has a tendency to accumulate in bones.

substance ostéotrope

element that has a tendency to accumulate in bones


USCT

USCT (countable and uncountable, plural USCTs)

ultrasound computer tomography
ultrasound computer tomography#English

ultrasound computed tomography
ultrasound computed tomography#English

(radiology, uncountable) Abbreviation of ultrasound computer tomography or ultrasound computed tomography or ultrasound computerized tomography.

(radiology, countable) Ellipsis of USCT scan.; A scan using such ultrasound technology.

ultrasound computer tomograph
ultrasound computer tomograph#English

ultrasound computed tomograph
ultrasound computed tomograph#English

(radiology, countable) Ellipsis of USCT machine.; Abbreviation of ultrasound computer tomograph or ultrasound computed tomograph or ultrasound computerized tomograph.; A machine for making such ultrasound scans using such ultrasound technology.

(radiology) A facility, department, room, or similar, containing or using such ultrasound equipment.


overranging

To reconstruct the first and last sections of a helical computed tomographic (CT) scan, the scan length is automatically extended beyond the planned image boundaries, a phenomenon known as overranging.

2010 July 4, Arnold Schilham et al., “Overranging at Multisection CT: An Underestimated Source of Excess Radiation Exposure”, in RadioGraphics, volume 30, number 4, →DOI:

Overranging allows a DVM to measure voltage values above the normal decade transfer points without the necessity of having to change ranges.

1983, Stanley Wolf, Guide to Electronic Measurements and Laboratory Practice, page 118:

Overranging was instituted to take full advantage of the upper limits of a range . It also provides better accuracy at the top of a range .

1985, Alvis J. Evans, Using Your Meter: VOM and DVM Multitesters, page 15:

In helical scanning, exposure is needed before the start and after the end of the planned scan range in order to reconstruct images at these positions [46]. This overranging requires at least one extra gantry rotation, even though only a small portion of this data is utilised for image reconstruction.

2016, Joel H. Bortz, Aarthi Ramlaul, Leonie Munro, CT Colonography for Radiographers:

(radiography) The act of scanning beyond the boundaries of what is being imaged, usually in order to accurately reconstruct the edges of that region.


ditzel

We surveyed the members of the Society of Thoracic Radiology regarding their interpretation of and management decisions for very small (3-5 mm) pulmonary nodules—“ditzels”—noted on CT. […] Those radiologists located in an area considered endemic for granulomatous disease were more likely to consider an incidental ditzel benign and to recommend follow-up, whereas those in a nonendemic area were more likely to recommend biopsy.

2001 June 27, Reginald F. Munden, ““Ditzels” on Chest CT”, in American Journal of Roentgenology, volume 176, number 6:

Many asymptomatic patients have CT scans for a variety of reasons and have these "ditzels" found. They are then referred for management.

2001, Edward M. Copeland, The Year Book of Surgery: 2001, page 408:

To make matters worse, each of these heroic poems ends with recommendations for further imaging to include ultrasound (US) of the pelvis, US of the kidneys, magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis, CT of the full chest, and repeat studies with additional contrast or thin-section evaluations of specific organs for the 'ditzels' described.

2013, Richard C. Semelka, Health Care Reform in Radiology, page 15:

(radiology, informal) A small nodule found on the lung.


FMX

(radiography) Initialism of full mouth X-ray.


scanography

Blend of scan + radiography or scanner + photography.

In some modern panoramic units, programs for scanography are available. A scanogram is an image of a restricted area obtained using a narrow collimated radiation beam and a moving image receptor, much the same as applied for the panoramic technique.

2013, Goran Koch, Sven Poulsen, editors, Pediatric Dentistry: A Clinical Approach, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 87:

(radiography) The production of radiographs by scanning with X-rays through a moving, thin slit.


hypoenhancement

Contrast-enhanced CT scans are commonly performed for the evaluation of symptoms suggestive of acute pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection but can incidentally detect areas of myocardial hypoenhancement that could trigger consideration of an acute MI.

2010, Christopher M. Kramer, Multimodality Imaging in Cardiovascular Medicine, page 53:

Preoperatively, 611 segments (21%) had abnormal regional function, whereas 421 segments (14%) showed evidence of hypoenhancement.

2018, Warren J. Manning, Dudley J. Pennell, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance:

(radiology) The quality of showing poor enhancement; dimness or darkness in an image.


isoenhancement

...definitely malignant on the basis of the enhancement pattern during the arterial phase and enhancement degree during the portal and late phases compared with the liver (hypoenhancement indicating malignant and isoenhancement to hyperenhancement indicating benign).

2012, Ashton Acton, Issues in Medical Lasers, Imaging, and Devices Research and Application:

In contrast, 10–20% of HCCs, especially smaller (<20 mm) lesions, demonstrate hypoenhancement or isoenhancement in the arterial phase (Yoon et al. 2009; Lee et al. 2012; Matsui et al. 2011).

2018, Konstantin Nikolaou, Fabian Bamberg, Andrea Laghi, Multislice CT, page 462:

(radiology) A middle level of enhancement, neither bright nor dim.


double bubble

double bubble (countable and uncountable, plural double bubbles)

(radiology) The presence of two air-filled bubbles in the abdomen, often indicating various pathological conditions.


material kontras

id-noun

material kontras (first-person possessive material kontrasku, second-person possessive material kontrasmu, third-person possessive material kontrasnya)

material kontras ku (first-person possessive)
material kontras mu (possessive second-person)
material kontras nya (possessive third-person)

contrast material
contrast material#English

(medicine, radiology) contrast material.


rontgen

rontgen (first-person possessive rontgenku, second-person possessive rontgenmu, third-person possessive rontgennya)

rontgenku (first-person possessive)
rontgenmu (possessive second-person)
rontgennya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch röntgen, named after the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.


fPET

en-noun

fPET (countable and uncountable, plural fPETs)

functional positron emission tomography#English

(uncountable, radiology) Abbreviation of functional positron emission tomography.

functional positron emission tomogram#English

(countable, radiology) Abbreviation of functional positron emission tomogram. A scan using functional positron emission tomography

functional positron emission tomogram

functional positron emission tomograph#English

(countable, radiology) Abbreviation of functional positron emission tomograph. A device used to make functional positron emission tomograms


fCT

fCT (countable and uncountable, plural fCTs)

functional computed tomography
functional computed tomography#English

fCAT

functional computer-aided tomography/functional computed axial tomography

(uncountable, radiology) Initialism of functional computed tomography.

functional computed tomogram
functional computed tomogram#English

fCAT

functional computer-aided tomograph/functional computed axial tomograph

(countable, radiology) Initialism of functional computed tomogram. A scan using functional computed tomography

functional computed tomogram

functional computed tomograph
functional computed tomograph#English

fCAT

functional computer-aided tomogram/functional computed axial tomogram

(countable, radiology) Initialism of functional computed tomograph. A device used to make functional computed tomograms


retrospectography

From retrospect + -o- + -graphy in both senses. The radiologic sense (from the early 20th century) was developed by radiology technicians and radiologists (who were not yet differentiated from each other at the time). The sense of reviewing photographs and learning additional insights about their subjects/contents was developed in 2017 by Jeffrey Ross of the website JBRish.com.

They honed their diagnostic skills with a procedure they called "retrospectography." The process, which was used in the United States until about 1913, began with a doctor circulating X-rays of a patient without an accompanying diagnosis. […] The retrospectographers also built up a library of images illustrating difficult diagnoses, and they circulated radiographs to a range of specialists.

1997, Bettyann Holtzmann Kevles, Naked to the Bone: Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Century (Sloan Technology Series), Rutgers University Press, →ISBN, retrieved 2022-05-13, page 39:

(medicine, radiology, historical) A specific type of clinicoradiopathologic conference that was used in the early decades of radiography (circa 1900 until World War I), whereby practitioners would make a radiologic diagnosis and then systematically compare it with the subsequent clinical course and any surgery, intraoperative or postoperative radiography or fluoroscopy, and/or autopsy. This method helped advance radiology, given that it is inherently a field of discerning clinicoradiological and clinicoradiopathological correlations. It is no longer codified under this name, because it is no longer necessary in routine practice.


growth arrest line

growth arrest line (plural growth arrest lines)

(anatomy, radiology) A line of increased bone density that represents the position of the growth plate at the time of insult to the organism and formed on long bones due to growth arrest.


엑스선

From English X + 선(線) (seon, “line, ray”).


Verschattung

de-noun

Verschattung f (genitive Verschattung, plural Verschattungen)

Verschattung (genitive)
Verschattungen (plural)
Verschattung (nominative singular)
Verschattungen (definite nominative plural)
Verschattung (genitive singular)
Verschattungen (definite genitive plural)
Verschattung (dative singular)
Verschattungen (dative definite plural)
Verschattung (accusative singular)
Verschattungen (accusative definite plural)

(medicine, radiology) opacification (on medical imaging)


iradiasi

id-noun

iradiasi (plural iradiasi-iradiasi, first-person possessive iradiasiku, second-person possessive iradiasimu, third-person possessive iradiasinya)

iradiasi-iradiasi (plural)
iradiasiku (first-person possessive)
iradiasimu (possessive second-person)
iradiasinya (possessive third-person)

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch irradiatie.

(radiology) irradiation: an act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.