abietene

* abietic + -ene
* From Latin abies (“silver fir (tree)”).

(organic chemistry) A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine (Pinus sabiniana).


abietic

From Latin abies (“silver fir”) + -ic (“pertaining to”).

af

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to abietic acid or its derivatives

abietico

related to abietic acid or its derivatives


abietin

Strasburg turpentine
Strasburg turpentine

(organic chemistry) A resin obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.

abietina

a resin obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam


abietinic

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to abietin.


abietite

(organic chemistry) A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the common silver fir of Europe (Abies alba).


absinthate

(organic chemistry) A combination of absinthic acid with a base or positive radical.


absinthin

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual

(organic chemistry) The principal compound found in wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), having a bitter taste: C₁₅H₂₀O₄


German

de-noun

German n (strong, genitive Germans, plural Germane)

Germans (genitive)
Germane (plural)
German (nominative singular)
Germane (definite nominative plural)
Germans (genitive singular)
Germane (definite genitive plural)
German (dative singular)
Germanen (dative definite plural)
German (accusative singular)
Germane (accusative definite plural)


BC

en-noun

BC (countable and uncountable, plural BCs)

BCs (plural)
B.C. (alternative)
b.c. (alternative)
bc (alternative)

benzalkonium chloride
benzalkonium chloride#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of benzalkonium chloride.


BBC

BBC (countable and uncountable, plural BBCs)

bromobenzyl cyanide
bromobenzyl cyanide#English

(organic chemistry, uncountable) Abbreviation of bromobenzyl cyanide.


AA

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

All proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) are claimed to be levorotatory (L-configured). Nevertheless, dextrorotatory AAs (D-configured) are also found in nature (Gao et al., 2015; Ollivaux et al., 2014), for example, in the organic material of extraterrestrial comets (Cronin and Pizzarello, 1983), or, formed by slow racemization, in all dead biological material.

2011, Alexander Cartus, “D-Amino Acids and Cross-Linked Amino Acids in Food”, in Dieter Schrenk, Alexander Cartus, editors, Chemical Contaminants and Residues in Food, Woodhead Publishing, →ISBN, page 251:

(organic chemistry) Initialism of amino acid.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of aminoacyl.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of acetic acid.

For copolymers of ethylene, the other comonomer can be an alkene such as propene, butene, hexene or octene, or a compound having a polar functional group such as vinyl acetate (VA), acrylic acid (AA), ethyl acetate (EA), methyl acrylate (MA) or vinyl alcohol (VOH).

2006, Gordon L. Robertson, “Structure and Related Properties of Plastic Polymers”, in Food Packaging: Principles and Practice, 2nd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 25:

(organic chemistry) Initialism of acrylic acid.

(organic chemistry, medicine) Initialism of amyloid A.

Arachidonic acid (AA) is present at unusually high levels in the phospholipids of inflammatory cells. […] IgG-mediated phagocytosis results in the preferential release of AA over other fatty acids²³ via activation of cPLA₂ and iPLA₂.

2005, Michelle R. Lennartz, “Phospholipases and Phagocytosis”, in Carlos Rosales, editor, Molecular Mechanisms of Phagocytosis, Landes Bioscience / Eurekah.com; Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., →ISBN, page 106:

arachidonic acid
arachidonic acid#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of arachidonic acid.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of ascorbic acid.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of asymmetric aminohydroxylation.


ISDN

(organic chemistry) Initialism of isosorbide dinitrate.


acetate

Formed from the root of Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + -ate, from aceō (“I am sour”). By surface analysis, acet- + -ate.

acetic acid

coordinate as an acid versus a base, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution

[…] to pad a piece in diluted acetate of alumine to obtain a pale lemon ground […]

(organic chemistry) Any ester or salt of acetic acid.


acetylene

acetylene (countable and uncountable, plural acetylenes)

Borrowed from French acétylène, coined by French chemist Marcellin Berthelot, from acetyl + -ene.

The acetylene gas lighting in the station offices and platforms at Kyle of Lochalsh recently has been replaced by electric lighting.

1951 April, “Notes and News: Improvements at Kyle of Lochalsh”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 281:

(organic chemistry, countable) Any organic compound having one or more carbon–carbon triple bonds; an alkyne.

(organic chemistry, uncountable) Ethyne; the simplest alkyne, a hydrocarbon of formula HC≡CH. It is a colourless, odourless, extremely flammable, explosive gas, formerly used as an illuminating gas, but now used in welding and metallurgy.


DDT

After working briefly for a federal entomologist to control the spruce budworm — and spraying DDT from the air — he returned to the Adirondacks in 1946 to be district ranger at Cranberry Lake for 11 years.

2007 January 21, The Associated Press, “Adirondacks Are His Life, All 101 Years and Counting”, in The New York Times:

The use of DDT for disinfectation of louse-infested communities is a primary control measure in epidemic situations.

2007, Wallace Peters, Geoffrey Pasvol, Atlas of tropical medicine and parasitology, page 22:

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (“compound originally developed as an insecticide”)


dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (usually uncountable, plural dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes)

From dichloro + diphenyl + trichloro + ethane.

compound

(organic chemistry) A chlorinated hydrocarbon originally used as an insecticide, often abbreviated as DDT.


VB

en-noun

VB (countable and uncountable, plural VBs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of vinylbenzene.


PVC

PVC (countable and uncountable, plural PVCs)

polyvinyl chloride
polyvinyl chloride#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyvinyl chloride.


TLA

TLA (countable and uncountable, plural TLAs)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) Initialism of trilaurylamine.


benzoic

From benzene + -oic. Compare French benzoïque.

(organic chemistry) Derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives.

benzoic

derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives


benzoic

ca-adj

benzoic (feminine benzoica, masculine plural benzoics, feminine plural benzoiques)

benzoica (feminine)
benzoics (masculine plural)
benzoiques (feminine plural)

(organic chemistry) benzoic (derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives)


chair

→ Assamese: চেয়াৰ (sear)

desc

→ Bengali: চেয়ার (ceẏar), চ্যায়ার (cêẏar), চ্যার (cêr) — obsolete

→ Odia: ଚେଆର୍ (ceār), ଚିୟାର୍ (ciyār), ଚିଆର (ciāra)

→ Sylheti: ꠌꠤꠀꠞ (siar)

Tok Pisin: sea, sia

→ Tongan: sea

From Middle English chayer, chaire, chaiere, chaere, chayre, chayere, from Old French chaiere, chaere, from Latin cathedra (“seat”), from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”). Displaced native stool and settle, which now have more specialised senses. Doublet of cathedra and chaise.

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) One of two possible conformers of cyclohexane rings (the other being boat), shaped roughly like a chair.


chain

From Middle English cheyne, chaine, from Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to braid, twist; hut, shed”). Doublet of catena.

der

a chain is only as strong as its weakest link

side chain

When examined, the molecular chain included oxygen and hydrogen.

en:series of atoms, portion of a molecule

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule.


NT

(organic chemistry) Initialism of neurotensin.


benzoin

en-noun

benzoin (countable and uncountable, plural benzoins)

From Middle French benjoin, from Catalan benjuí, from Arabic لُبَان جَاوِيّ (lubān jāwiyy, “Javanese frankincense”). The first word is from Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”), the second from جاوة (jāwa, “Java”) (from Javanese ꦗꦮ (jawa)).
The initial lu was probably lost because it was taken as the definite article in Romance. Compare oliban.

der

لُبَان جَاوِيّ

(organic chemistry) An aromatic hydroxy ketone, 2-hydroxy-1,2-di(phenyl)ethanone, synthesized from benzaldehyde; any derivative of this compound.


AP

en-noun

AP (countable and uncountable, plural APs)

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Initialism of acetylpyrroline.


PA

PA (countable and uncountable, plural PAs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyamide.


PE

PE (countable and uncountable, plural PEs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyethylene.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyether.


PI

PI (countable and uncountable, plural PIs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyimide.


AB

AB (countable and uncountable, plural ABs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of alkylbenzene.


PU

PU (countable and uncountable, plural PUs)

PUs (plural)
P.U. (alternative)
P. U. (alternative)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyurethane.


CA

CA (countable and uncountable, plural CAs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of cyanoacrylate.


GA

(organic chemistry, military) Abbreviation of German agent A, US designation for the nerve gas tabun.


NC

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of nitrocellulose.


OH

(organic chemistry) A hydroxyl, or alcohol, functional group.


benzole

(organic chemistry) Obsolete spelling of benzol.


benzol

(organic chemistry) An impure benzene (mixed with toluene etc), used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes.

(organic chemistry, obsolete) benzyl alcohol


benzol

benzolok (plural)
benzol (nominative singular)
benzolok (nominative plural)
benzolt (accusative singular)
benzolokat (accusative plural)
benzolnak (dative singular)
benzoloknak (dative plural)
benzollal (instrumental singular)
benzolokkal (instrumental plural)
benzolért (causal-final singular)
benzolokért (causal-final plural)
benzollá (singular translative)
benzolokká (plural translative)
benzolig (singular terminative)
benzolokig (plural terminative)
benzolként (essive-formal singular)
benzolokként (essive-formal plural)
benzolban (inessive singular)
benzolokban (inessive plural)
benzolon (singular superessive)
benzolokon (plural superessive)
benzolnál (adessive singular)
benzoloknál (adessive plural)
benzolba (illative singular)
benzolokba (illative plural)
benzolra (singular sublative)
benzolokra (plural sublative)
benzolhoz (allative singular)
benzolokhoz (allative plural)
benzolból (elative singular)
benzolokból (elative plural)
benzolról (delative singular)
benzolokról (delative plural)
benzoltól (ablative singular)
benzoloktól (ablative plural)
benzolé (singular)
benzoloké (plural)
benzoléi (singular)
benzolokéi (plural)
benzolom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
benzoljaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
benzolod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
benzoljaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
benzolja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
benzoljai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
benzolunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
benzoljaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
benzolotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
benzoljaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
benzoljuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
benzoljaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


benzol

benzol (nominative singular)
benzole (nominative plural)
benzolu (genitive singular)
benzoli (genitive plural)
benzolowi (dative singular)
benzolom (dative plural)
benzol (accusative singular)
benzole (accusative plural)
benzolem (instrumental singular)
benzolami (instrumental plural)
benzolu (locative singular)
benzolach (locative plural)
benzolu (singular vocative)
benzole (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Benzol. By surface analysis, benzen + -ol.

(organic chemistry) benzol (an impure benzen)


benzoyl

benzoyls (plural)
benzoil (alternative)
benzule (alternative)

The O–O bond in benzoyl peroxide and the C–N bonds in AIBN homolyze under thermal or photochemical conditions.

2007, Robert B. Grossman, The Art of Writing Reasonable Organic Reaction Mechanisms, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical formally derived from benzoic acid, C₆H₅CO-, by removal of the hydroxyl group.


lit

lit (nominative singular)
litu (genitive singular)
litowi (dative singular)
lit (accusative singular)
litem (instrumental singular)
licie (locative singular)
licie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin lithium.

lbor

(informal, organic chemistry) lithium carbonate (lithium salt of carbonic acid, Li2CO3, used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and medically, in the treatment of bipolar disorder)


benzyl

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical C₆H₅-CH₂- related to toluene and benzoic acid


benzyl

benzyl (nominative singular)
benzylu (genitive singular)
benzylowi (dative singular)
benzyl (accusative singular)
benzylem (instrumental singular)
benzylu (locative singular)
benzylu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French benzyle or English benzyl.


addition

en-noun

addition (countable and uncountable, plural additions)

Sense of “what is added” dates from 14th century, from Middle English addicioun, addition, from Old French adition, from Latin additiōnem, accusative singular of additiō, from addō (“add, put”).

(organic chemistry) an organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one (the adduct).


boat

Belizean Creole: boat

→ Esperanto: boato

→ Dhivehi: ބޯޓު (bōṭu)

→ Fijian: boto

→ Hijazi Arabic: بوت (bōt)

→ Japanese: ボート (bōto)

→ Malay: bot

→ Pitcairn-Norfolk: boet (Norfuk)

→ Sinhalese: බෝට්ටුව (bōṭṭuwa)

→ Swahili: boti

→ Scots: boat, bote (compare native bait, bate)

→ Tahitian: poti

Tok Pisin: bot

From Middle English bot, boot, boet, boyt (“boat”), from Old English bāt (“boat”), from Proto-West Germanic *bait, from Proto-Germanic *baitaz, *baitą (“boat, small ship”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to break, split”). Cognate with Old Norse beit (“boat”), Middle Dutch beitel (“little boat”).
Old Norse bátr (whence Icelandic bátur, Norwegian båt, Danish båd), Dutch boot, German Boot, Occitan batèl and French bateau are all ultimately borrowings from the Old English word.

der

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) One of two possible conformations of cyclohexane rings (the other being chair), shaped roughly like a boat.


robin

(organic chemistry) A toxalbumin obtained from the locust tree.


IPA

en-noun

IPA (countable and uncountable, plural IPAs)

isopropyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol#English

(organic chemistry, uncountable) Initialism of isopropyl alcohol.

isophthalic acid
isophthalic acid#English

(organic chemistry, uncountable) Initialism of isophthalic acid.

isopropyl acetate
isopropyl acetate#English

(organic chemistry, uncountable) Initialism of isopropyl acetate.


ether

ether (countable and uncountable, plural ethers)

ethers (plural)
æther (alternative)
aether (alternative)
aethyr (alternative)
ethyr (alternative)

→ Korean: 에테르 (etereu)

→ Chinese: 以太 (yǐtài)

From Middle English ēther (“the caelum aetherum of ancient cosmology in which the planets orbit; a shining, fluid substance described as a form of air or fire; air”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman ether and Middle French ether, ethere, aether, from Old French aether (“highest and purest part of the atmosphere; medium supposedly filling the upper regions of space”) (modern French éther), or directly from its etymon Latin aethēr (“highest and purest part of the atmosphere; air; heavens, sky; light of day; ethereal matter surrounding a deity”) (note also New Latin aethēr (“chemical compound analogous to diethyl ether”)), from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “purer upper air of the atmosphere; heaven, sky; theoretical medium supposed to fill unoccupied space and transmit heat and light”), from αἴθω (aíthō, “to burn, ignite; to blaze, shine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn; fire”).
The English word is cognate with Italian ether, ethera (both obsolete), etere, Middle Dutch ether (modern Dutch aether (obsolete), ether), German Äther, Ether, Portuguese éter, Spanish éter.

أَثِير

substance supposed to fill the upper regions of the atmosphere

firmament

sky; atmosphere; upper atmosphere; heaven

with multiple senses ranging from to to to

But the moſt valuable Qualities of the ÆTHER are it's medicinal ones; it having been found by repeated Experience to be an excellent Remedy in moſt nervous Diſeaſes; particularly in Fits of all ſorts, whether Epileptic, Convulſive, Hyſteric, Hypochondriac, or Paralytic: […]

1759, M[atthew] Turner, An Account of the Extraordinary Medicinal Fluid, Called Æther, [Liverpool]: Printed by John Sadler, →OCLC, page 5:

The only thing that really worried me was the ether. There is nothing in the world more helpless and irresponsible and depraved than a man in the depths of an ether binge.

1971, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, New York: Popular Library, →ISBN, page 4:

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Diethyl ether (C₄H₁₀O), an organic compound with a sweet odour used in the past as an anaesthetic.

M. Malaguti finds that dry chlorine, while acting in the dark upon oxacid æthers, always attacks, and in a uniform manner, the sulphuric æther which is the base of them. […] The action of potash on the compound chloridized æthers is also constant and uniform: the results are always chloride of potassium, acetate of potash, and an organic salt with a base of potash, the acid of which is that which existed in the compound chloridized æther.

1838 March, “Action of Chlorine on Æthers”, in David Brewster, Richard Taylor, Richard Phillips, editors, The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, volume XII (3rd Series), number 74, London: Printed by R[ichard] and J[ohn] E[dward] Taylor, […], →OCLC, page 297:

When chlorine gas is passed in excess through salicylic ether (salicylae of ethyl) heated over a water-bath, a solid substance is formed which is soluble in hot alcohol, and crystallizes, on cooling, in beautiful colourless tables. This compound is bichloruretted salicylic ether, formed from salicylic ether (C₁₈H₁₀O₆) by the substitution of 2 eq. chlorine for 2 eq. hydrogen: its composition is therefore C₁₈H₈Cl₂O₆.

1851, A[uguste André Thomas] Cahours, “[Notices of Papers Contained in the Foreign Journals.] On Anisol and Phenetol”, in Henry Watts, editor, The Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London, volume III, London: Hippolyte Bailliere, […]; Paris: J. B. Baillière, […]; Madrid: Bailly Baillière, […], →OCLC, page 78:

[…] I allude to the æthers formed by the union of fatty acids with different alcohols. […] With regard to the fatty æthers themselves, I prepared them generally by M. Berthelot's method, by heating the alcohol and the acid for a day at 392°F. in a tube hermetically sealed; the product was mixed with a little æther, and it was digested some time with slaked lime in the water-bath, to separate the free acid from the neutral compound.

1858 October 15, M. Hanhart, “On Some New Æthers of Stearic and Margaric Acids”, in William Francis, editor, The Chemical Gazette, or, Journal of Practical Chemistry, in All Its Applications to Pharmacy, Arts and Manufactures, volume XVI, number CCCLXXXIV, London: Published by Taylor and Francis, […], page 384:

(countable, organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups.

أَثِير

(organic chemistry) compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups


ether

Afrikaans: eter

→ Indonesian: ètêr

→ Japanese: エーテル (ēteru)

From Middle Dutch ether, from Latin aethēr, from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr).

(organic chemistry) ether (organic compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups)


ether

cy-noun

ether f (usually uncountable, plural ethra or ethera)

ethra (plural)
ethera (plural)
ether
hether (prothesis-h)
aether (alternative)

(uncountable, organic chemistry) ether, diethyl ether (C₄H₁₀O)

(countable) an ether (one of a class of organic compounds containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups)


丙

→ Zhuang: bingj

Various theories:
* Pictogram (象形) – shoulders (Shuowen).
* Pictogram (象形) – the tail of a fish (Erya). See also 再.
* Pictogram (象形) - part of a chariot, as seen in the original form of 更.
* Pictogram (象形) – pedestal.
* Pictogram (象形) – small table.
* Original form of 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs).
Whatever its original sense may be, it has been lost and replaced by its early use as a heavenly stem. See also the original version of 更 (< 㪅).
Baxter and Sagart (2014) note the phonological relationship between 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) and 兩 (OC *p.raŋʔ, “a pair”); how these two are graphically related is noted in Baxter (1992). Smith (2011) suggests that these two words are not only phonologically similar but also etymologically related, with 丙, meaning "couplet" or "bivalve", referring to an asterism.

(organic chemistry) prop- (denoting the presence of three carbon atoms)


acolyctine

Aconitum lycoctonum
Aconitum lycoctonum#Translingual

(organic chemistry) An organic base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from Aconitum lycoctonum.


巰

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Blend of 氫 /氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”) + 硫 (liú, “sulfur”)


氰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 气 + phonetic 青 (qīng).
From 青 (qīng), influenced by cyanogen.


烯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 希, the latter being derived from 稀 (xī, “rare”) of which it is the phonetic element. This is coined in light of the observed lack of hydrogens (as compared to alkanes) in alkenes and the fact that alkenes are flammable.
Compare 烷 (wán, “alkane”), 炔 (quē, “alkyne”).


烴

Blend of 碳 (tàn, “carbon”) + 氫 /氢 (qīng, “hydrogen”)


烷

From 完 (wán, “full; complete”), referring to the saturation of the carbons in alkanes. Compare 烯 (xī) and 炔 (quē).


methane

en-noun

methane (countable and uncountable, plural methanes)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੀਥੇਨ (mīthen)

Shahmukhi script: میتھین (mīthen)

Cattle emit a large amount of methane.

Methane, an invisible, odorless gas that makes up more than 95% of natural gas fuel, can be as much as 80 times more potent as a global warmer per given unit than CO₂, which is more plentiful in the atmosphere. While there are less emissions than CO₂, methane lasts around 12 years, while CO₂ lingers for centuries.

2020 April 7, John Fialka, “As CO₂ Emissions Drop During Pandemic, Methane May Rise”, in Scientific American:

(organic chemistry, uncountable) The simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon, CH₄, being a constituent of natural gas, and one of the most abundant greenhouse gases.

(organic chemistry, countable) Any of very many derivatives of methane.


甙

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): abbreviated 代 (“substitute”) + 甘 (“sweet”).


bicarbonate

bicarbonates (plural)
bi-carbonate (alternative)

The next question that occurs relates to the composition of this crystallized carbonate of potash, which I am induced to call bi-carbonate of potash, for the purpose of marking more decidedly the distinction between this salt and that which is commonly called a subcarbonate, and in order to refer at once to the double dose of carbonic acid contained in it.

1814, William Hyde Wollaston, “A synoptic scale of chemical equivalents”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, volume 104, page 11:

(organic chemistry) the univalent anion HCO₃⁻; any salt of carbonic acid in which only one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced.


PS

en-noun

PS (countable and uncountable, plural PSes or PSs)


糖

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (糖):
* → Japanese: 糖(とう) (tō)
* → Korean: 당(糖) (dang)
* → Vietnamese: đường (糖)

→ Guiqiong: d’ɐŋ

→ Macanese: tôm-tôm

/tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

zh:临城镇 (临高县)
zh:琼山区

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'aːŋ): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 唐 (OC *ɡl'aːŋ).
Original meaning was “sweet rice cake” or “sugar syrup”. Cognate with 餳 (OC *ljaːŋ).
Compare Proto-Lingao lhaŋ² ("sugar"), whence Lincheng /haŋ˧/, Qiongshan /liaŋ˩˧/.

Han compound

多糖

葡萄糖

(organic chemistry) saccharide; carbohydrate


糖

糖 (canonical)
tō (romanization)
tau (romanization)
たう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 糖 (MC dang, “sugar”).


羧

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

For the organic compound, Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 羊 (“oxgyen, from 氧”) + 夋 (“acid, from 酸”).
Blend of 氧 (yǎng, “oxygen”) + 酸 (suān, “acid”) and borrowed from English carboxyl.


肼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 井 (jǐng).
Borrowed from English hydrazine. Derivative: 𨥙 (jǐng, “hydrazinium”).

Han compound

(organic chemistry) hydrazine (derivative)


肽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 太 (tài).
Borrowed from English peptide.


胍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʷaː): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː).
Borrowed from English guanidine.


胲

(organic chemistry) hydroxylamine (derivative)


苊

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 厄.
Borrowed from English acenaphthene.


苯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pɯːnʔ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ).
; “benzene”


苷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːm): semantic 艹 + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).
; “glycoside”


茂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mus): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 戊 (OC *mus).
Applying this character to mean “cyclopentadiene” in organic chemistry results from the decomposition of the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 艸 (“radical for aromatic compounds”) + 戊 (“five-carbon ring”), since the conjugate base of cyclopentadiene (cyclopentadienyl anion) is aromatic.

Han compound

二茂鐵

二茂铁


茹

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njas): semantic 艹 (“grass, plants”) + phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) – plant roots, part of a plant.
Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Kharia [script needed] (ɲoʔ, “to eat”) and Proto-Vietic *s-nja:ʔ (“to chew, to masticate”) (> Vietnamese nhá). Schuessler (2003) also compares 茹 with Jingpho noʔ¹ 'to eat' and Proto-Mienic *ʔnəkᴰ 'to swallow'.


莰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 艹 + phonetic 坎.
Borrowed from English camphane.


蒈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 艹 + phonetic 皆.
Borrowed from English carane.


螺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *roːl): semantic 虫 + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl, “terrestrial snail”).

och-l

螺內酯

螺内酯


PET

en-noun

PET (countable and uncountable, plural PETs)

The name of the computer (sense 4) derives from the 1970s pet rock fad; the acronym was invented afterwards.

polyethylene terephthalate
polyethylene terephthalate#English

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Initialism of polyethylene terephthalate.


HDPE

HDPE (countable and uncountable, plural HDPEs)

high-density polyethylene
w:high-density polyethylene

(organic chemistry) Initialism of high-density polyethylene.


LDPE

LDPE (countable and uncountable, plural LDPEs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of low-density polyethylene.


CFC

Potential replacements for the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) chemicals now extensively used as refrigerants, propellants, bubbles in plastic and cleaning fluids have already been identified.

1989 March 7, Malcolm W. Browne, “In Protecting the Atmosphere, Choices Are Costly and Complex”, in The New York Times:

Contrary to his assertion, however, virtually all relevant researchers say the link between CFCs and ozone depletion is based on unassailably solid scientific evidence.

1995, Ross Gelbspan, “The Heat Is On: The Warming of the World’s Climate Sparks a Blaze of Denial”, in Harper's Magazine, footnote 2:

(organic chemistry) Initialism of chlorofluorocarbon, a class of molecules containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon atoms.


CFC

(organic chemistry) Initialism of clorofluorocarbono.


辛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (辛):
* → Japanese: 辛(しん) (shin)
* → Korean: 신(辛) (sin)
* → Vietnamese: tân (辛)

→ Zhuang: sin

Smith (2011) proposes that the name for the heavenly stem is based on the Boötes constellation, which resembles an awl; it may be related to Etymology 1 with the “sharp” semantics connecting the two.


酚

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 + phonetic 分 (fēn).
Borrowed from English phenol.

Han compound

(organic chemistry) phenol (any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring)


酞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 + phonetic 太 (tài).
Borrowed from English phthalein.


酯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 (“oxygenated functional group”) + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ). Modelled after 脂 (zhī, “lipid”) with a radical input from other oxygenated organic compounds such as 醇 (chún, “alcohol”) and 酸 (suān, “acid”), referring to ester linkages in lipids like glycerides.
From 脂 (zhī, “lipid”), referring to ester linkages in lipids like glycerides.

任何汽車生化柴油供應商明知而供應或分發任何酯含量高於或低於汽車生化柴油標籤上所顯示的酯含量百分率超過1%的汽車生化柴油，即屬犯罪，一經定罪，可處第5級罰款。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
任何汽车生化柴油供应商明知而供应或分发任何酯含量高于或低于汽车生化柴油标签上所显示的酯含量百分率超过1%的汽车生化柴油，即属犯罪，一经定罪，可处第5级罚款。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
jam⁶ ho⁴ hei³ ce¹ sang¹ faa³ caai⁴ jau⁴ gung¹ jing³ soeng¹ ming⁴ zi¹ ji⁴ gung¹ jing³ waak⁶ fan¹ faat³ jam⁶ ho⁴ zi² ham⁴ loeng⁶ gou¹ jyu¹ waak⁶ dai¹ jyu¹ hei³ ce¹ sang¹ faa³ caai⁴ jau⁴ biu¹ cim¹ soeng⁶ so² hin² si⁶ dik¹ zi² ham⁴ loeng⁶ baak³ fan⁶ leot⁶⁻² ciu¹ gwo³ 1% dik¹ hei³ ce¹ sang¹ faa³ caai⁴ jau⁴, zik¹ suk⁶ faan⁶ zeoi⁶, jat¹ ging¹ ding⁶ zeoi⁶, ho² cyu² dai⁶ ng⁵ kap¹ fat⁶ fun². [Jyutping]

Section 12(1), Air Pollution Control (Motor Vehicle Fuel) Regulation (Cap. 311L)

Any motor vehicle biodiesel supplier who knowingly supplies or distributes any motor vehicle biodiesel containing an ester content that is more than 1% higher or lower than the percentage of ester content as indicated on the motor vehicle biodiesel label commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 5.


酰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 酉 + phonetic 先 (OC *sɯːn, *sɯːns).

(organic chemistry, Mainland China, Hong Kong) acyl


醇

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *djun): semantic 酉 + phonetic 𦎧 (chún).


醚

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 酉 (“oxygenated functional group”) + 迷 (“confusion”), referring to the anesthetic properties of diethyl ether. 迷 also acts as the phonetic component.
From 迷 (mí, “confusion”), referring to the anesthetic properties of diethyl ether.


醛

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

; Etymology 1
; Etymology 2
From 荃 (quán, “fragrant plant”), referring to the fragrance of many aldehydes.


醯

(organic chemistry, dated, still used in Taiwan) acyl


AAA

en-noun

AAA (countable and uncountable, plural AAAs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of aromatic amino acid.


ADA

ADA (countable and uncountable, plural ADAs)

ADAs (plural)
assistant DA (alternative)
assistant D.A. (alternative)
assistant D. A. (alternative)
A.D.A. (alternative)
A. D. A. (alternative)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of azodicarbonamide.


actinium

actiniumet (definite singular)
actinium (indefinite plural)
actiniuma (definite plural)
actiniumene (definite plural)

First part actin- from Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray, beam”), from Proto-Hellenic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷ-t-u-s ~ *n̥kʷ-t-éw-s, from *nókʷts (“night”), from *negʷ- (“bare, naked”). Last part from Latin -ium (forms names of chemical elements), from -ius (forms adjectives), from Old Latin -iōs, from Proto-Italic *-jos (forms comparative adverbs), from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs ~ *-is- (forms adjectives).

der

actinium får nitrogenet i luften til å lyse blått

actinium causes the nitrogen in the air to glow blue

(organic chemistry) actinium (a radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores)


PC

en-noun

PC (countable and uncountable, plural PCs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polycarbonate.

propylene carbonate
propylene carbonate#English

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of propylene carbonate.


PG

PG (countable and uncountable, plural PGs)

propylene glycol
propylene glycol#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of propylene glycol.


Pr

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of propyl.


laurate

laurate (usually uncountable, plural laurates)

From lauric acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of lauric acid.


acetal

(organic chemistry) Any diether of a geminal diol, R₂C(OR')₂ (where R' is not H).


acetal

acetal (nominative singular)
acetale (nominative plural)
acetalu (genitive singular)
acetali (genitive plural)
acetalowi (dative singular)
acetalom (dative plural)
acetal (accusative singular)
acetale (accusative plural)
acetalem (instrumental singular)
acetalami (instrumental plural)
acetalu (locative singular)
acetalach (locative plural)
acetalu (singular vocative)
acetale (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acetal. First attested in 1836.

ref

chapter 3, in Pamiętnik Farmaceutyczny Krakowski, 1836, page 41


acetaldehyde

en-noun

acetaldehyde (countable and uncountable, plural acetaldehydes)

(organic chemistry) A colourless organic compound, CH₃CHO, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry.


acetamide

(organic chemistry) The amide of acetic acid, CH₃CONH₂.


acetanilide

acetanilide (countable and uncountable, plural acetanilides)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) the amide derived from acetic acid and aniline; once used medicinally as an analgesic and antipyretic


acetic aldehyde

(organic chemistry, dated) acetaldehyde.


acetic

From French acétique, from Latin acētum (“vinegar”), from acēre (“to be sour”). By surface analysis, acet- + -ic.

(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or producing vinegar.

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetic acid or its derivatives.


acetin

acetin (countable and uncountable, plural acetins)

(organic chemistry) the triglyceride of acetic acid


acetone

acetone (countable and uncountable, plural acetones)

From acet- from acētum (“vinegar”). The -one was taken from margarone but further etymology is unclear. Doublet of ketone.

You open the salon door and the acetone from yesterday’s manicures immediately stings my nostrils.

2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 81:

(organic chemistry) A colourless, volatile, flammable liquid ketone, (CH₃)₂CO, used as a solvent.


acetone

head

acetone c (singular definite acetonen, not used in plural form)

(organic chemistry) acetone (a colourless, volatile, flammable liquid ketone, (CH₃)₂CO, used as a solvent)


acetonic

en-adj

acetonic (comparative more acetonic, superlative most acetonic)

more acetonic (comparative)
most acetonic (superlative)

/ˈæsɛˌtɒnɪk/

(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or producing acetone


aspirin

en-noun

aspirin (countable and uncountable, plural aspirins)

Genericized trademark of German Aspirin, from acetylierte Spirsäure (literally “acetylated spiraeic acid”). The trade name Aspirin is a registered trademark in some countries, but has entered the English language in generic usage, as various German trademarks were nullified in the United States after World War I (see also heroin).

acetylsalicylic acid
acetylsalicylic acid

(uncountable, organic chemistry, pharmacology) an analgesic drug, acetylsalicylic acid


acetyl

From Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “substance”).

(organic chemistry) The univalent radical CH₃CO- derived from acetic acid.


acetyl

acetylet (definite singular)
acetyl (indefinite plural)
acetyla (definite plural)
acetylene (definite plural)

Internationalism. By surface analysis, acet- + -yl.

(organic chemistry) acetyl (the univalent radical CH₃CO- derived from acetic acid)


acetyl

acetyl (nominative singular)
acetyle (nominative plural)
acetylu (genitive singular)
acetyli (genitive plural)
acetylowi (dative singular)
acetylom (dative plural)
acetyl (accusative singular)
acetyle (accusative plural)
acetylem (instrumental singular)
acetylami (instrumental plural)
acetylu (locative singular)
acetylach (locative plural)
acetylu (singular vocative)
acetyle (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English acetyl. Ultimately from Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “substance”). First attested in 1840.

ref

Seweryn Zdzitowiecki (1840) Rys chemii organicznéj i jej zastosowań : podług dzieła Koehlera Die Chemie in technischer Beziehung, page 14

chlorek acetylu


acetyl

acetyl (indefinite nominative singular)
acetyls (genitive indefinite singular)
acetylen (definite nominative singular)
acetylens (definite genitive singular)
acetyler (indefinite nominative plural)
acetylers (genitive indefinite plural)
acetylerna (definite nominative plural)
acetylernas (definite genitive plural)


acetileno

eo-head

acetileno (accusative singular acetilenon, plural acetilenoj, accusative plural acetilenojn)

acetilenon (accusative singular)
acetilenoj (plural)
acetilenojn (accusative plural)


acetileno

acetilenos (plural)
acetyleno (alternative)

From French acétylène, coined by French chemist Marcellin Berthelot, from acetyl, from Latin acētum (“vinegar”) (from aceō (“to be sour”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”)) + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “substance”) (from Proto-Indo-European *sew- (“juice, liquid”)).


acétylène

→ English: acetylene


asetilen

asetilen (nominative singular)
asetileni (accusative definite singular)
asetilene (dative singular)
asetilende (locative singular)
asetilenden (ablative singular)
asetilenin (genitive singular)


アセチレン

[a̠se̞t͡ɕiɾẽ̞ɴ]

アセチレン系炭化水素

系炭化水素 けいたんかすいそ


PPS

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylenesulphide.


substitution

en-noun

substitution (countable and uncountable, plural substitutions)

From Middle French substitution, from Late Latin substitutio.

(chemistry, especially organic chemistry) The replacement of an atom, or group of atoms, in a compound, with another.

substitutie

the replacement of an atom, or group of atoms, in a compound, with another


formaldehyde

formaldehyde (countable and uncountable, plural formaldehydes)

The shark chosen to replace the original was injected with 224 gallons of formaldehyde, ten times the amount used on the first shark and in a stronger concentration.

2010, Don Thompson, The $12 Million Stuffed Shark, Aurum Press Limited, →ISBN:

Back in 2006, Hirst found himself at the centre of a different debate arising out of the need to refurbish or update formaldehyde pieces that are prone to decay. It related to the piece that made him famous: the formaldehyde shark The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living (1991), which had been bought by the US hedge fund billionaire Steve Cohen for $8m.

2024 March 19, Maeve McClenaghan, “Damien Hirst formaldehyde animal works dated to 1990s were made in 2017”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry) The simplest aldehyde, HCHO, a colourless gas that has many industrial applications; it dissolves in water to give formol (10%) and formalin.


PIN

preferred IUPAC name
w:preferred IUPAC name

(organic chemistry) Initialism of preferred IUPAC name.


alkaloid

From alkali + -oid. Compare French alcaloïde.

The Aspidosperma alkaloids are the largest group of indole alkaloids.

1990, Song Liu, Syntheses of Aspidosperma Alkaloids, page 2:

Xanthosine, the initial substrate of purine alkaloid synthesis, is supplied by at least four different pathways […]

2010, Bertil B. Fredholm, Methylxanthines:

(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.


alkaloid

alkaloidet (definite singular)
alkaloid (indefinite plural)
alkaloider (indefinite plural)
alkaloida (definite plural)
alkaloidene (definite plural)


alkaloid

alkaloidet (definite singular)
alkaloid (indefinite plural)
alkaloida (definite plural)


alkaloid

alkaloid (nominative singular)
alkaloidy (nominative plural)
alkaloidu (genitive singular)
alkaloidów (genitive plural)
alkaloidowi (dative singular)
alkaloidom (dative plural)
alkaloid (accusative singular)
alkaloidy (accusative plural)
alkaloidem (instrumental singular)
alkaloidami (instrumental plural)
alkaloidzie (locative singular)
alkaloidach (locative plural)
alkaloidzie (singular vocative)
alkaloidy (plural vocative)

From alkalia + -oid. First attested in 1822.

ref

Pamiętnik Warszawski (in Polish), numbers T.3, [ner 9], 1822, page 112


amid

amid (nominative singular)
amidy (nominative plural)
amidu (genitive singular)
amidów (genitive plural)
amidowi (dative singular)
amidom (dative plural)
amid (accusative singular)
amidy (accusative plural)
amidem (instrumental singular)
amidami (instrumental plural)
amidzie (locative singular)
amidach (locative plural)
amidzie (singular vocative)
amidy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; ultimately from New Latin am(mōniacum) + -id. First attested in the 19th century.

Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “amid”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861

amid kwasu

grupa amidów

zawierać amid


amyl

From Latin amylum (“starch”), from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon, “starch”) from ἀ- (a-, “privative”) + μύλη (múlē, “mill”).

(dated, organic chemistry) Synonym of pentyl


amyl

amyl (nominative singular)
amylu (genitive singular)
amylowi (dative singular)
amyl (accusative singular)
amylem (instrumental singular)
amylu (locative singular)
amylu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin amylum (“starch”), from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon, “starch”). First attested in 1857.

ref

Jakub Natanson (1857) Krótki rys chemii organicznéj : ze szczególnym względem na rolnictwo, technologią [!] i medycynę. Cz. 1 (in Polish), page 161


amyl nitrate

(organic chemistry) The ester of amyl alcohol (pentanol) and nitric acid, C₅H₁₁NO₃, used to control angina and as an antidote to cyanide poisoning.


angelic

en-adj

angelic (comparative more angelic, superlative most angelic)

more angelic (comparative)
most angelic (superlative)
angelick (alternative)

/ænˈd͡ʒɛlɪk/

From Middle English angelik, aungillik, aungellike, (also angellich, aungellich > English angelly), from Old English anġelīċ, engellīċ, englelīċ, coalescing with Old French angélique, from Latin angelicus, from Ancient Greek ἀγγελικός (angelikós, “of or for a messenger”), from ἄγγελος (ángelos, “angel”). Equivalent to angel + -ic. Doublet of angelique (“plant of the genus Angelica”) and angélique (“plucked bowl lute”).

doublet

an angelic ester

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to angelic acid.


angular

en-adj

angular (comparative more angular, superlative most angular)

more angular (comparative)
most angular (superlative)

From Middle English angular, anguler, from Latin angulāris, from angulus (“angle, corner”). See angle.

(organic chemistry) Composed of three or more rings attached to a single carbon atom (the rings not all being in the same plane).


uracil

en-noun

uracil (countable and uncountable, plural uracils)

From uro- + ac(etic) + -ile. Coined in 1885 by the German chemist Robert Behrend, who was attempting to synthesize derivatives of uric acid.

We did have some success with uracil when we would preincorporate the uracil into a mutant of E. coli that had a uracil requirement and then feed this cellular content from E. coli.

2013, W. C. Corning, Stanley C. Ratner, Chemistry of Learning: Invertebrate Research, page 191:

(organic chemistry) One of the bases of RNA, pairing with adenine.


uracil

(organic chemistry) uracil (one of the bases of RNA)


thymine

thymine (countable and uncountable, plural thymines)

From thymus + -ine.
Thymine was first isolated in 1893 by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann from calves' thymus glands, hence its name.

Then he found them, the substances that made up the four-letter alphabet in whose language all life is written — adenine and cytosine, guanine and thymine.

1997, Ian McEwan, Enduring Love, Vintage (1998), page 164:

In a recent paper on homopyrimidine decamers containing aeg-monomers and thymine monomers with a sulfomethyl substituent at the γ-position, similar triplexes has also been described [43 ].

2015 October 16, “Polyanionic Carboxyethyl Peptide Nucleic Acids ( ce -PNAs): Synthesis and DNA Binding”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, genetics) A heterocyclic base, 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione; it pairs with adenine in DNA.

胸腺嘧啶

organic chemistry, genetics: heterocyclic base, 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione


DAC

DAC (countable and uncountable, plural DACs)

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Abbreviation of D-acetylcarnitine.


PCB

PCB (countable and uncountable, plural PCBs)

Another environmental factor thought to be affecting some coastal birds, although comparatively little is yet known about its extent or origin, is the presence of marine pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and toxic heavy metals.

1986, Valerie M. Thom, “Coastal habitats”, in Birds in Scotland, London: T & AD Poyser, published 2011, →ISBN, page 25:

polychlorinated biphenyl
polychlorinated biphenyl#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polychlorinated biphenyl.


-ona

Macanese: -óna, -róna


-ona

es-noun

-ona f (noun-forming suffix, plural -onas)


PDD

(organic chemistry) Initialism of paraphenylenediamine.


LSD

LSD-k (plural)
LSD (nominative singular)
LSD-k (nominative plural)
LSD-t (accusative singular)
LSD-ket (accusative plural)
LSD-nek (dative singular)
LSD-knek (dative plural)
LSD-vel (instrumental singular)
LSD-kkel (instrumental plural)
LSD-ért (causal-final singular)
LSD-kért (causal-final plural)
LSD-vé (singular translative)
LSD-kké (plural translative)
LSD-ig (singular terminative)
LSD-kig (plural terminative)
LSD-ként (essive-formal singular)
LSD-kként (essive-formal plural)
LSD-ben (inessive singular)
LSD-kben (inessive plural)
LSD-n (singular superessive)
LSD-ken (plural superessive)
LSD-nél (adessive singular)
LSD-knél (adessive plural)
LSD-be (illative singular)
LSD-kbe (illative plural)
LSD-re (singular sublative)
LSD-kre (plural sublative)
LSD-hez (allative singular)
LSD-khez (allative plural)
LSD-ből (elative singular)
LSD-kből (elative plural)
LSD-ről (delative singular)
LSD-kről (delative plural)
LSD-től (ablative singular)
LSD-ktől (ablative plural)
LSD-é (singular)
LSD-ké (plural)
LSD-éi (singular)
LSD-kéi (plural)
LSD-m (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
LSD-im (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
LSD-d (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
LSD-id (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
LSD-je (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
LSD-i (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
LSD-nk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
LSD-ink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
LSD-tek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
LSD-itek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
LSD-jük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
LSD-ik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From German LSD, initialism of Lysergsäure-diethylamid.

(organic chemistry) LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)


LSD

Unadapted borrowing from German LSD, initialism of Lysergsäure-diethylamid.

lysergic acid diethylamide
lysergic acid diethylamide

(organic chemistry) LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide (powerful synthetic hallucinogen)


alcohol

en-noun

alcohol (countable and uncountable, plural alcohols)

→ Arabic: كُحُول (kuḥūl)

→ Korean: 알코올 (alkool), 알콜 (alkol)

→ Malay: alkohol

→ Swahili: alkoholi

→ Tok Pisin: alkohol

First attested in the 15 century from Middle English alcofol, from Middle French alcohol or Spanish alcohol, derived from the Medieval Latin rendering alcohol transmitted in medical or alchemical literature of Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”), which in Andalusian Arabic also bore the form كُحُول (kuḥūl), قُحُول (quḥūl); bearing thus the meaning of stibnite first, then generalized in meaning to a powder obtained by triturating a material, then also to liquids obtained by boiling down, and specialized to mean spirit of wine, ethanol, in the 18th century, then the narrow chemical sense after 1850. Doublet of alcool and kohl.
Various old etymological notes.
* Bartholomew Traheron in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo introduces the word as a term used by "barbarous" (Moorish) authors for "fine powder": the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre.
* William Johnson in his 1657 Lexicon Chymicum glosses the word as antimonium sive stibium. By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including "alcohol of wine", the distilled essence of wine.
* Libavius in Alchymia (1594) has vini alcohol vel vinum alcalisatum.
* Johnson (1657) glosses alcohol vini as quando omnis superfluitas vini a vino separatur, ita ut accensum ardeat donec totum consumatur, nihilque fæcum aut phlegmatis in fundo remaneat.
* Some authorities, including Rachel Hajar, suggest that the ultimate etymon was the Arabic term اَلْغَوْل (al-ḡawl, “bad effect, evil result of headache”) (as used in Qur’an verse 37:47, but this word is rather poetical and could for topical reasons not have been picked up from Arabic by Medieval writers, and aside from that the relation to stibium is well documented.

(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).


alcohol

alcoholen (plural)
alkohol (alternative)

Afrikaans: alkohol

→ Indonesian: alkohol

desctree

→ Japanese: アルコール (arukōru)
→ Pohnpeian: ahrkohl

Borrowed from Latin alcohol or Spanish alcohol, of Arabic origin.

(countable, organic chemistry) alcohol (class of compounds)


hetero-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hetero-.wav

From Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another, different”).

bor

heteroalkene is any analogue of an alkene in which a doubly bonded carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom, heteroaddition is any addition reaction that introduces a heteroatom, heterofullerene is any compound formally derived from a fullerene by replacing one or more carbon atom by a heteroatom, heteroaromatic is having the characteristics of an aromatic compound whilst having at least one non-carbon atom in the ring

(organic chemistry) Heterocyclic: a cyclic compound with multiple elements in its ring. The non-carbon atoms are known as heteroatoms.


homo-

(organic chemistry) Used to form the names of compounds derived from simpler ones by addition of a methylene group.


neo-

From Ancient Greek prefix νεο- (neo-), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).

(organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group

(organic chemistry) Being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound


neo-

From Ancient Greek νεο- (neo-), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).

(organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group.

(organic chemistry) Being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound.


PSP

en-noun

PSP (countable and uncountable, plural PSPs)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Initialism of phenolsulfonphthalein.


radical

Inherited from Middle English radical, from Latin rādīcālis (“of or pertaining to the root, having roots, radical”).

radicale

ring theory: ideal of elements of a ring sharing a certain given property

radicale

ring theory: intersection of maximal submodules of a module


fluor-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of fluoro- used before a vowel.


acardite

(organic chemistry) n-methyl-n',n'-diphenylurea, used to stabilize chemicals and as a plasticizer.

acardite

substance used to stabilize chemicals and as a plasticizer


acardite

(organic chemistry) acardite (substance used to stabilise chemicals and as a plasticiser)


cacaine

(archaic, organic chemistry) The essential principle of cacao, now called theobromine.


azo

(organic chemistry) Now especially applied to compounds containing a two atom nitrogen group (-N=N-) uniting two hydrocarbon radicals, as in azobenzene etc.


azoleic acid

(organic chemistry) A specific acid produced by treating oleic acid with nitric acid.


azonic

(organic chemistry) of, related to, or derived from an azonic acid


axial

en-adj

axial (comparative more axial, superlative most axial)

more axial (comparative)
most axial (superlative)
axical (alternative)

(physical chemistry, organic chemistry) Oriented parallel to the axis running through the centre of a cyclohexane ring, as opposed to equatorial. See Axial bond.


benzine

→ Greek: βενζίνη f (venzíni)

→ Polish: benzyna f

→ Romanian: benzină f

→ Turkish: benzin

→ Ukrainian: бензи́н (benzýn)


normal

normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

normaler (comparative)
more normal (comparative)
normalest (superlative)
most normal (superlative)

From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin; doublet of normale. The earliest meaning of the word in English was "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter's square”), but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive: in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height, weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be called "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.

der

(organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.


Ms

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of mesyl.


functionality

en-noun

functionality (countable and uncountable, plural functionalities)

To appreciate the tasks and problems arising in the synthesis of the monomers it is of fundamental importance to understand that the process used must be capable of yielding organosilanes with different functionalities, since all functionalities are required for synthesis of silicones.

2012, Walter Noll, Chemistry and Technology of Silicones, page 25:

(organic chemistry, countable) The presence of a functional group.


sodium lactate

(organic chemistry) The sodium salt of lactic acid; used as a food additive and ingredient in lotions etc.


cocaine

cocaine (countable and uncountable, plural cocaines)

cocaines (plural)
cocain (alternative)
cocaïne (alternative)

From coca + -ine, from Quechua kuka. First use appears c. 1874.

Holmes, who loathed every form of society with his whole Bohemian soul, remained in our lodgings in Baker-street, buried among his old books, and alternating from week to week between cocaine and ambition, the drowsiness of the drug, and the fierce energy of his own keen nature.

1891 June 25, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Adventure I.—A Scandal in Bohemia.”, in Geo[rge] Newnes, editor, The Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, volume II, London: George Newnes, Limited, […], published July 1891, →OCLC:

All I get, uh, is this cup of cold coffee and cocaine / And your ugly face, look out

1983, “Cold Coffee & Cocaine”, performed by Prince:

Cocaine’s awfully expensive stuff, isn't it? Is it worth it?

1990, Andrew Davies, Michael Dobbs, House of Cards, season 1, episode 1, spoken by Frank Urquhart (Ian Richardson):

(uncountable, organic chemistry, pharmacology) An addictive drug derived from coca (Erythroxylum) or prepared synthetically, used sometimes medicinally as a local anesthetic and, often illegally, as a stimulant.


可卡因

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/hɔː³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵/

/hɔː³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

可卡因中毒

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) cocaine


EDT

EDT (countable and uncountable, plural EDTs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of ethanedithiol.


-an

(organic chemistry) suffix used for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, etc.).


-al

(organic chemistry) Forms the names of aldehydes.


-al

From -a- (linking vowel) + -l (verb-forming suffix).

af

etanal

(organic chemistry) -al (forms the names of aldehydes)


trinitrotoluene

it-noun

trinitrotoluene m (plural trinitrotolueni)

From tri- + nitro- + toluene, subseded the previous trinitrotoluolo. Compare tritolo.


glycoside

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A molecule in which a sugar group (the glycone) is bound to a non-sugar group (the corresponding aglycone) by a nitrogen or oxygen atom. Glycosides yield a sugar after undergoing hydrolysis.


phosphine

en-noun

phosphine (countable and uncountable, plural phosphines)

(organic chemistry, countable) Any alkyl or aryl derivative of this compound, PR₃ (where at least one R is not H),


-en

Number 1 and 2 is derived From Old Norse -an. Number 3 is from French -ène which ultimately comes from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós)

(organic chemistry) Identifies an alkene, these being of either the common or the neuter gender; -ene.


-en

-enet (definite neuter singular)
-enen (definite masculine singular)
-en (indefinite plural)
-ener (indefinite plural)
-enene (definite plural)
-ena (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek -ηνή (-ēnḗ), feminine form of -ηνός (-ēnós, added to place name to form an adjective), from -νός (-nós), alternative form of -νος (-nos), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós (creates verbal adjectives from roots).

der

acetylen, benzen

(organic chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting alkynes; -ene

etylen, propylen

(organic chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting alkenes; -ene


-en

-en (nominative singular)
-enu (genitive singular)
-enowi (dative singular)
-en (accusative singular)
-enem (instrumental singular)
-enie (locative singular)
-enie (singular vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek -ηνός (-ēnós).

der+

acetyl + -en → acetylen


benzene

en-noun

benzene (usually uncountable, plural benzenes)

A technical term in chemistry, adopted in English in 1835 as benzine (benzene from 1872), from German Benzin, which was coined in 1833 by Eilhardt Mitscherlich based on Benzoesäure (“benzoic acid”), plus the technical ending -ene (German -in) denoting hydrocarbons. The adjective benzoic is in turn from benzoin, originally a term for a balsamic resin from Middle French benjoin, from Spanish benjuí, Portuguese beijoim, Italian benzoi, from Arabic لُبَان جَاوِيّ (lubān jāwiyy, “Javanese frankincense”). The initial lu was probably lost because it was taken as the definite article in Romance. Compare oliban.
Not related to German Benz (surname).

der

لُبَان جَاوِيّ

Furthermore, this increase in risk is comparable to the risk of death from leukemia after long-term exposure to benzene, another solvent, which has the well-known property of causing this type of cancer.

2013 July-August, Philip J. Bushnell, “Solvents, Ethanol, Car Crashes & Tolerance”, in American Scientist:

(organic chemistry) An aromatic hydrocarbon of formula C₆H₆ whose structure consists of a ring of alternate single and double bonds.

(organic chemistry, in combination) Sometimes used in place of the phenyl group.


addend

Short for addendum, by surface analysis, add + -end.

(organic chemistry) A moiety added to another molecule.


addend

en-verb

addend (third-person singular simple present addends, present participle addending, simple past and past participle addended)

addends (present singular third-person)
addending (participle present)
addended (participle past)
addended (past)

(organic chemistry) To furnish with an addend.


adipic

(organic chemistry) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid.

(organic chemistry) Of, or derived from adipic acid.


alkane

From German Alkan, formed as alkyl + -ane.

The carbon chain of an alkane may be linear or branched, but must not contain loops (cycles); its chemical formula is of the form CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.

Whereas production levels of short-chain alkanes in plants are insufficient to provide an economically viable fuel source, the genes encoding the alkane biosynthetic pathway may provide a biotechnological resource for engineering fermentation organisms with the capacity to convert biomass to an alkane-based fuel.

1997, T. J. Savage, M. K. Hristova, R. Croteau, “Biochemistry of Short-Chain Alkanes: Evidence for an Elongation/Reduction/C1-Elimination Pathway”, in John Peter Williams, Mobashsher Uddin Khan, Nora Wan Lem, editors, Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Lipids, Kluwer Academic Publishers, page 51:

The oxidation of the simplest alkane methanol is carried out by methylotrophs that may be obligate or facultative.

2007, Alasdair H. Neilson, Ann-Sofie Allard, Environmental Degradation and Transformation of Organic Chemicals, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 103:

2012, Chulsung Bae, Chapter 3: Catalytic Carbon-Boron Bond Formation via Activation of Alkane C-H Bonds, Pedro J. Pérez, Alkane C-H Activation by Single-Site Metal Catalysis, Springer, page 73,
Alkanes are extremely unreactive toward nucleophiles and electrophiles because they are composed of nonpolar, strong, saturated C–H and C-C bonds.

(organic chemistry) Any acyclic saturated hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, etc.).

alcà

acyclic saturated hydrocarbon of formula CnH2n+2


alkene

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon double bonds.

alquè

unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon double bonds

オレフィン系炭化水素

オレフィンけいたんかすいそ

エチレン系炭化水素

エチレンけいたんかすいそ


allyl

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical, CH₂=CH-CH₂-, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard.


amide

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides

амид

organic chemistry: derivative of an oxoacid


amino

From the prefix amino-, from amine, from ammonia + -ine.

(organic chemistry) Relating to an amine.


amino

(organic chemistry) The amine functional group.


arsine

en-noun

arsine (countable and uncountable, plural arsines)

From ars(enic) + -ine (“suffix used to form names of chemical substances”).

suffix

(organic chemistry, countable) Any organic derivative of this compound, or of diarsane, triarsane etc.


aryl

(organic chemistry) Any univalent organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removing a hydrogen atom.


aryl

aryl (nominative singular)
aryle (nominative plural)
arylu (genitive singular)
aryli (genitive plural)
arylowi (dative singular)
arylom (dative plural)
aryl (accusative singular)
aryle (accusative plural)
arylem (instrumental singular)
arylami (instrumental plural)
arylu (locative singular)
arylach (locative plural)
arylu (singular vocative)
aryle (plural vocative)


butane

en-noun

butane (countable and uncountable, plural butanes)

IUPAC nomenclature, from but- (“four carbon prefix”) + -ane (“alkane suffix”), the former is derived from the same stem as the foul-smelling carboxylic acid liberated in rancid butter, "butyric acid", hence cognate with butter.

(organic chemistry) A hydrocarbon (either of the two isomers of C₄H₁₀ n-butane, and 2-methyl-propane) found in gaseous petroleum fractions.

(organic chemistry, uncountable) The n-butane isomer only.


butene

(organic chemistry) Any of several forms of butylene.


butyl

(organic chemistry) Any of four isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C₄H₉, formally derived from butane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.

butil

Any of four isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C4H9


enol

1996, Ludvik Labler, August Rüttimann, Alfred Giger, Chapter 2: Coupling Reactions: Part I: Enol Ether and Aldol Condensations, George Britton, Synnove Liaaen-Jensen, Hanspeter Pfander (editors), Carotenoids, Volume 2: Synthesis, Springer (Birkhäuser), page 27,
Since research on the total synthesis of carotenoids began, the enol ether and the aldol condensations have been frequently used for the formation of carbon-carbon double bonds.

A solution to the use of the thermodynamic ketone enolate lies in the selective formation and reaction of silyl enol ethers.

2004, J. E. Carruthers, W. Carruthers, Iain Coldham, Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 4th edition, Cambridge University Press, page 29:

It is interesting to note that relative enol stability (pK_E) plays little or no role in the relative acidity of enols for example, as in the case of 45 and 45’²⁴³.

2009, Jason Eames, “8: Acid-base properties of enols and enolates”, in Jacob Zabicky, editor, The Chemistry of Metal Enolates, Part 1, Wiley, page 421:

(organic chemistry) An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom which is doubly bonded to another carbon atom.


enol

enol (nominative singular)
enole (nominative plural)
enolu (genitive singular)
enoli (genitive plural)
enolowi (dative singular)
enolom (dative plural)
enol (accusative singular)
enole (accusative plural)
enolem (instrumental singular)
enolami (instrumental plural)
enolu (locative singular)
enolach (locative plural)
enolu (singular vocative)
enole (plural vocative)


ethane

ethane (usually uncountable, plural ethanes)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) An aliphatic hydrocarbon, C₂H₆, gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures, being a constituent of natural gas.

chlorinated ethanes; halogenated ethanes

The dissociation constants for ethanes in which the two halves of the molecule are different are not always close to the mean of the dissociation constants of the corresponding symmetrical ethanes.

1959, A. F. Trotman-Dickenson, Free Radicals: An Introduction, page 45:

Analysis of the ethane fraction also revealed anomalous deuteration of the ethane, the ethanes C₂H₅D, C₂H₄D₂ and C₂H₃D₃ being observed as well as C₂H₆. Ethanes with more than three D atoms were not detected.

1968, Transactions of the Faraday Society, volume 64, page 1573:

(organic chemistry, countable) The same compound, subjected to modification by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms with other radicals.


ethyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent hydrocarbon radical, C₂H₅, formally derived from ethane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.

Et

chemical shorthand, found in chemical formulae


formic

Formed from the root of Latin formīca (“ant”) + -ic.

(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to or derived from formic acid (or from methane).


glycol

From Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”) + -ol.

(organic chemistry) A thick, colourless liquid, C₂H₄(OH)₂, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds and used as an antifreeze; ethylene glycol.


hexane

hexane (countable and uncountable, plural hexanes)

(organic chemistry) Any of five isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons, C₆H₁₄. They are colorless, volatile liquids.


ketone

From German Keton, from Aketon (“acetone”), from French acétone (“acetone”). See acetone.

acetone R₁ = R₂ = CH₃

methyl ethyl ketone R₁ = CH₃, R₂ = C₂H₅

camphor C₁₀H₁₇O

(organic chemistry) A homologous series of organic molecules whose functional group is an oxygen atom joined to a carbon atom—by a double bond—in a carbon-hydrogen based molecule.

кетон

organic chemicals with the >CO functional group


ligand

Borrowed from Latin ligandus, gerundive of ligo (“bind”).

ربيطة

something that binds to another chemical entity

coordination chemistry
coordination chemistry

coordination complex
coordination complex

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A molecule or moiety (ion, functional group, or radical) that binds to another chemical entity to form a larger complex; as, especially:

(coordination chemistry) Such an entity that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.

(biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, medicine) Such an entity that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.

Holonym: complex


lipid

→ Malay: lipid

Borrowed from French lipide, coined 1923 by Gabriel Bertrand from Ancient Greek λῐ́πος (lĭ́pos, “animal fat”) + French -ide.

der

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of organic compounds including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides. Lipids are characterized by being insoluble in water, and account for most of the fat present in the human body.


lipid

lipid (nominative singular)
lipidy (nominative plural)
lipidu (genitive singular)
lipidů (genitive plural)
lipidu (dative singular)
lipidům (dative plural)
lipid (accusative singular)
lipidy (accusative plural)
lipide (singular vocative)
lipidy (plural vocative)
lipidu (locative singular)
lipidech (locative plural)
lipidem (instrumental singular)
lipidy (instrumental plural)


lipid

head

lipid n (singular definite lipidet, plural indefinite lipider)

lipidet (definite singular)
lipider (indefinite plural)
lipid (indefinite nominative singular)
lipidet (definite nominative singular)
lipider (indefinite nominative plural)
lipiderne (definite nominative plural)
lipids (genitive indefinite singular)
lipidets (definite genitive singular)
lipiders (genitive indefinite plural)
lipidernes (definite genitive plural)


lipid

lipid f (genitive singular lipide, nominative plural lipidí)

lipide (genitive singular)
lipidí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
lipid (indefinite singular)
lipidí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a lipid (indefinite singular)
a lipidí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
lipide (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an lipid (definite singular)
na lipidí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na lipide (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an lipid (definite singular)
don lipid (definite singular)
leis na lipidí (definite plural)

Borrowed from English, from French lipide.


lipid

lipid (indefinite nominative singular)
lipids (genitive indefinite singular)
lipiden (definite nominative singular)
lipidens (definite genitive singular)
lipider (indefinite nominative plural)
lipiders (genitive indefinite plural)
lipiderna (definite nominative plural)
lipidernas (definite genitive plural)


methyl

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-methyl.wav

Borrowed from German Methyl; compare French méthyle.
French chemists Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Eugene Peligot, after determining methanol's chemical structure, introduced "methylene" from the Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu, “wine”) + ὕλη (húlē, “wood, material”) with the intention of highlighting its origins, "alcohol made from wood (substance)". The term "methyl" was derived in about 1840 by back-formation from "methylene", and was then applied to describe "methyl alcohol".

You might point out in the theory of oxidation of oils, in development of rancidity in oils, that many methyls accelerate this oxidation of oils. I do not want to burden you with a lecture on chemistry but there are some methyls like iron which has both a valence of two and of three. Another example is cobalt which has a valence of both two and three.

1973, Robert E. Cornish, Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies, page 119:

The southern acetates must be decarboxylated to methyls.

2003, Russell Timkovich, 73: The Family of d-Type Hemes: Tetrapyrroles with Unusual Substituents, Karl M. Kadish, Kevin M. Smith, Roger Guilard (editors), The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 12: The Iron and Cobalt Pigments: Biosynthesis, Structure and Degradation, page 134

The most stable form has the groups staggered and the methyls as far from each other as possible (DA^([dihedral angle]) = 180°).

2005, Bruce A. Hathaway, Organic Chemistry the Easy Way, page 38:

(organic chemistry) The univalent hydrocarbon radical, CH₃-, formally derived from methane by the loss of a hydrogen atom; a compound or part of a compound formed by the attachment of such a radical.


niacin

in 1942 derived from nicotinic + acid + vitamin, chosen to dissociate it from nicotine, to avoid the perception that vitamins or niacin-rich food contains nicotine, or that cigarettes contain vitamins.

Mixing the alkali into the recipe in the right way chemically releases the otherwise unavailable niacin in the corn, which stops pellagra in its tracks, and allowed corn-based agricultural populations to grow and spread.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 7, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A water-soluble vitamin, a component of vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast, and dairy products; it is essential to metabolism.

E375 when used as a colour retention agent


octane

(organic chemistry) Any of the eighteen isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons (C₈H₁₈) found in petroleum, especially an iso-octane 2,2,4 trimethyl-pentane; they are used as fuels and solvents.


olefin

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of unsaturated open-chain hydrocarbons such as ethylene; an alkene with only one carbon-carbon double bond.


phenol

en-noun

phenol (countable and uncountable, plural phenols)

From French phène, from Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to clear”), as it was used for illumination, name given by Auguste Laurente in 1836.
By surface analysis, pheno- + -ol.

bor

(organic chemistry, uncountable) A caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound, C₆H₅OH, derived from benzene and used in resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and in dilute form as a disinfectant and antiseptic; once called carbolic acid

(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring (or other aromatic ring)

فِينُول

any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring


phenol

phê-nôn (alternative)
phê-non (alternative)


phenyl

Borrowed from French phényle, derived from the root of Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine”) plus ὕλη (húlē, “wood; material, substance”). Equivalent to phen- + -yl.

der

(organic chemistry) A univalent hydrocarbon radical, C₆H₅ (benzene minus one hydrogen atom), and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.


propyl

From the chemical prefix propyl-, from propylic or directly from earlier French propylique, from prop(ionique) + -yle + -ique, where -yle, as in French méthylène, is from ὕλη (húlē, “wood, substance”).

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C₃H₇, formally derived from propane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.


propyl

propyl (nominative singular)
propyle (nominative plural)
propylu (genitive singular)
propyli (genitive plural)
propylowi (dative singular)
propylom (dative plural)
propyl (accusative singular)
propyle (accusative plural)
propylem (instrumental singular)
propylami (instrumental plural)
propylu (locative singular)
propylach (locative plural)
propylu (singular vocative)
propyle (plural vocative)


purine

en-noun

purine (countable and uncountable, plural purines)

1982, Ray A. Field, Mechanically Deboned Red Meat, C. O. Chichester, George Franklin Stewart, Advances in Food Research, Volume 27, page 67,
Clifford et al. (1976) investigated the metabolism of individual purines and found that adenine, and to a lesser extent hypoxanthine, had pronounced effects on blood uric acid levels. The purine content of foods, in particular adenine, would therefore be of immense nutritional significance.

For example, for purine-pyrimidine and for pyrimidine-purine base steps the presence of purines on opposite strands in successive base pairs sterically restricts the conformations that these base pairs can adopt relative to each other.

1993, Andrew Travers, DNA-Protein Interactions, page 6:

The discovery that certain pyrazolopyrimidine nucleobases and nucleosides, analogs of naturally occurring purines, are toxic to Leishmania, coupled with the obligatory nature of the leishmanial purine salvage pathway, has spawned considerable interest in the purine salvage pathway as a drug target.

2008, Hemanta K. Majumder, Drug Targets in Kinetoplastid Parasites, page 142:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic heterocyclic compounds, composed of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings, that constitute one of the two groups of organic nitrogenous bases (the other being the pyrimidines) and are components of nucleic acids.


silane

(organic chemistry) Any organic derivative of monosilane


fuse

en-verb

fuse (third-person singular simple present fuses, present participle fusing, simple past and past participle fused)

fuses (present singular third-person)
fusing (participle present)
fused (participle past)
fused (past)

Back-formation of fusion (“to melt”), first to verbal sense, then noun.

(organic chemistry) To form a bicyclic compound from two similar or different types of ring such that two or more atoms are shared between the resulting rings


secondary

en-adj

secondary (not generally comparable, comparative more secondary, superlative most secondary)

more secondary (comparative)
most secondary (superlative)

From Middle English secundarie, from Latin secundārius (“of the second class or quality”), from secundus (whence the English second) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary), equivalent to second + -ary; compare the French secondaire, the Italian secondario, the Occitan secundari, the Portuguese secundario, and the Spanish secundario.

der

English numerals#Ordinal numbers
secondary

(organic chemistry) Derived from a parent compound by replacement of two atoms of hydrogen by organic radicals.


sunflower

From sun + flower. Compare English sunbloom.

(informal, organic chemistry) Any flat, radially symmetric organic compound, such as coronene.


aconitine

en-noun

aconitine (countable and uncountable, plural aconitines)

(organic chemistry) An intensely poisonous alkaloid, extracted from aconite


TMI

TMI (countable and uncountable, plural TMIs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of trimethylindium.


polystyrene

It was 30 times lighter and more flexible than the polystyrene that had previously been used.

1996 April 2, Julia Campbell, “Ray McIntire, 77, Dow Engineer And the Inventor Of Styrofoam”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) A vinylic polymer of styrene, CH₂CHphenyl.

(organic chemistry) An alkane chain of benzene molecules, RCH₂CHphenylR.


PPG

PPG (countable and uncountable, plural PPGs)

polypropylene glycol
polypropylene glycol#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polypropylene glycol.


reina

From New Latin Rheum (genus of plants that includes rhubarb) + -ina, from Ancient Greek ῥῆον (rhêon, “rhubarb”). The acid is derived from anthraquinone, present in rhubarb leaves.

af

NL.:Rheum<pos:genus of plants that includes rhubarb>


ester

From German Ester, perhaps a contraction or abstraction of Essigäther (“ethyl acetate”), from Essig (“vinegar”) (from Latin acetum) and Äther (“ether”). See ether for more.

To produce a test material containing at least 75 percent omega-3 polyunsaturates, the menhaden triglycerides are transesterified to produce fatty acid ethyl esters. The esters are reacted with urea dissolved in hot ethanol and the solution is cooled overnight.

1991, Malcolm B. Hale et al., “New Products and Markets for Menhaden, Brevoortia spp.”, in Marine Fisheries Review, volume 53, number 4, page 47:

The thiol-coenzyme-A ester formed by R-arylpropionic acid can bind to triglyceride to form a “hybrid” triglyceride: such hybrid triglycerides can cause alteration of fatty-acid metabolism and membrane function, and a lipophilic triglyceride–propionic-acid hybrid would be able to cross lipid membranes such as the blood–brain barrier.

1991, W. F. Kean, C. J. L. Lock, H. E. Howard-Lock, “Chirality in antirheumatic drugs”, in The Lancet, volume 338, →DOI, page 1567:

The effort’s primary material systems are vinyl esters and polyurethanes, reinforced with inexpensive chopped-glass rovings. Automated glass-fiber preforming processes and high-rate molding procedures are being studied in an effort to reduce cycle times and production costs substantially.

1996, Steven Ashley, “Composite car structures pass the crash test”, in Mechanical Engineering, volume 118, number 12, page 60:

(organic chemistry) A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond (i.e., carbonyl) joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.

èster

compound with carbon-oxygen double bond joined via carbon to another oxygen atom


ester

nl-noun

ester m (plural esters, diminutive estertje n)

esters (plural)
estertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: ester


ester

head

ester (genitive estri, partitive estrit)

estri (genitive)
estrit (partitive)
ester (nominative singular)
estrid (nominative plural)
ester (accusative nominative singular)
estrid (accusative nominative plural)
estri (accusative genitive singular)
estrid (accusative genitive plural)
estri (genitive singular)
estrite (genitive plural)
estrit (partitive singular)
estreid (partitive plural)
estrisse (illative singular)
estritesse (illative plural)
estreisse (illative plural)
estris (inessive singular)
estrites (inessive plural)
estreis (inessive plural)
estrist (elative singular)
estritest (elative plural)
estreist (elative plural)
estrile (allative singular)
estritele (allative plural)
estreile (allative plural)
estril (adessive singular)
estritel (adessive plural)
estreil (adessive plural)
estrilt (ablative singular)
estritelt (ablative plural)
estreilt (ablative plural)
estriks (singular translative)
estriteks (plural translative)
estreiks (plural translative)
estrini (singular terminative)
estriteni (plural terminative)
estrina (essive singular)
estritena (essive plural)
estrita (abessive singular)
estriteta (abessive plural)
estriga (comitative singular)
estritega (comitative plural)


ester

From German Essig-Äther (“acetic acid ethyl ester”).


ester

Internationalism, borrowed from Dutch ester, from German Ester.


ester

ester (nominative singular)
estry (nominative plural)
estru (genitive singular)
estrów (genitive plural)
estrowi (dative singular)
estrom (dative plural)
ester (accusative singular)
estry (accusative plural)
estrem (instrumental singular)
estrami (instrumental plural)
estrze (locative singular)
estrach (locative plural)
estrze (singular vocative)
estry (plural vocative)


ester

ester (indefinite nominative singular)
esters (genitive indefinite singular)
estern (definite nominative singular)
esterns (definite genitive singular)
estrar (indefinite nominative plural)
estrars (genitive indefinite plural)
estrarna (definite nominative plural)
estrarnas (definite genitive plural)


ester

Internationalism borrowed from English ester.


aromatic

en-adj

aromatic (comparative more aromatic, superlative most aromatic)

more aromatic (comparative)
most aromatic (superlative)
aromatick (alternative)
aromatique (alternative)

/ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/

/ˌɛɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/

[ˌɛɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]

/ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/

[ˌæɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]

Late Middle English, from Middle French and Old French aromatique, from Late Latin aromaticus, from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma, “seasoning, spicy and/or fragrant smell”).

der

(organic chemistry) Having a closed ring of alternate single and double bonds with delocalized electrons.

(organic chemistry) Derived from benzene.


aromatic

aromatics (plural)
aromatick (alternative)
aromatique (alternative)

/ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/

/ˌɛɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/

[ˌɛɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]

/ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/

[ˌæɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk]

(organic chemistry) Any aromatic compound.


hydrocarbon

Chofen is an unusually small hydrogen-helium gas giant, with traces of sulphur and hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. The Alliance surveyor ship Ibn Battuta provided inconclusive evidence of hydrocarbon life in the atmosphere (over 1000 meters below the cloud tops), where pressure compresses Chofen's hydrogen into a liquid state.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Chofen planetary description:

(organic chemistry) A compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.


propane

en-noun

propane (countable and uncountable, plural propanes)

Analyzable as prop- + -ane, borrowing or calque of German Propan.

Propane gas is used for cooking and cylinder containers are placed to one side of the underframe, with battery boxes and electrical control boxes at the other side.

1960 April, “Restaurant cars and multiple-units”, in Trains Illustrated, page 222:

(organic chemistry) An aliphatic hydrocarbon, C₃H₈, a constituent of natural gas.


pentane

(organic chemistry) An aliphatic hydrocarbon of chemical formula C₅H₁₂; either of the three isomers n-pentane, methyl-butane (isopentane), and di-methyl-propane (neopentane); volatile liquids under normal conditions.


alkyne

(organic chemistry) A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon triple bond.

ألكاين

hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond

アセチレン系炭化水素

アセチレンけいたんかすいそ


xylyl

(organic chemistry) Any of several univalent radicals, of formula (CH₃)₂C₆H₃- derived from the three isomers of xylene: ortho-, meta- and para- (di-methyl benzene).


este

[ʔɛt̚˧˦ stɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛt̚˧˦ tɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ stɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ tɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛk̚˦˥ stɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛk̚˦˥ tɛ˧˧]


aliphatic

From Ancient Greek ἄλειφαρ (áleiphar, “oil, ointment”) + -ic.

der

(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain.

мастен

organic chemistry: having carbon atoms arranged in an open chain


alicyclic

(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds having both aliphatic (chain) and cyclic (ring) structure


cyclohexane

en-noun

cyclohexane (countable and uncountable, plural cyclohexanes)

(organic chemistry) An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₆H₁₂, consisting of a ring of six carbon atoms; a volatile liquid.


quaternary

Derived from Latin quaternārius (“containing or consisting of four”), from quaternī (“four each”, “four at a time”) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary); compare the French quaternaire.

der+

(organic chemistry) quaternary ammonium.


cyclopropane

en-noun

cyclopropane (countable and uncountable, plural cyclopropanes)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The simplest alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₃H₆, an inflammable gas, sometimes used as an anaesthetic.

cyclopropaan

the simplest alicyclic hydrocarbon, C3H6


cyclobutane

cyclobutane (countable and uncountable, plural cyclobutanes)

From cyclo- + butane from being a circular structure, a butane chain as a closed ring.

(uncountable, organic chemistry) A simple alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₄H₈; a light inflammable gas.

(countable, organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.


cyclopentane

cyclopentane (countable and uncountable, plural cyclopentanes)

(organic chemistry) An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₅H₁₀; a volatile inflammable liquid, sometimes used as a solvent.


copper phthalocyanine

(organic chemistry) A synthetic chemical used as a colorant in paints and dyes. First used in 1929. In pure form it is an intense blue. It is chlorinated to produce very intense dark green, and brominated and chlorinated copper phthalocyanines are mixed to produce a yellower emerald green.


tautomerism

tautomerism (countable and uncountable, plural tautomerisms)

(organic chemistry) A form of isomerism in which a dynamic equilibrium between multiple isomers exists, such as that between an enol and a ketone.


papaverine

papaverine (countable and uncountable, plural papaverines)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A nonaddictive derivative of opium used in medicine to relieve muscle spasms, as a vasodilator and in some forms of erectile dysfunction.


vasodilator

(biochemistry, organic chemistry, pharmacology) A drug or chemical agent that causes dilation of the blood vessels thereby reducing blood pressure.


areno

(organic chemistry) arene (monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)


polyester

polyester (nominative singular)
polyestery (nominative plural)
polyesteru (genitive singular)
polyesterů (genitive plural)
polyesteru (dative singular)
polyesterům (dative plural)
polyester (accusative singular)
polyestery (accusative plural)
polyestere (singular vocative)
polyestery (plural vocative)
polyesteru (locative singular)
polyesterech (locative plural)
polyesterem (instrumental singular)
polyestery (instrumental plural)


polymer

polymer (countable and uncountable, plural polymers)

From poly- + -mer, from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”) + μέρος (méros, “part”). Coined by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1833, though his definition was quite different from the modern one.

(organic chemistry) A long or larger molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units, formed by chemically bonding together many identical or similar small molecules called monomers. A polymer is formed by polymerization, the joining of many monomer molecules.


polyethylene

polyethylene (countable and uncountable, plural polyethylenes)

The most abundant chemical in the plastics is polyethylene, which is used for single-use packaging, plastic bags and containers such as bottles.

2023 June 5, Yvonne Gordon, “Microplastics found in every sample of water taken during Ocean Race”, in The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.


periodo

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) Describing a derivative in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by iodine


THC

(organic chemistry) Initialism of tetrahydrocannabinol.


tetrahydrocannabinol

tetrahydrocannabinol (countable and uncountable, plural tetrahydrocannabinols)

While the agency hasn’t proposed changing its 2023 6.7 million-gram quota for marijuana for 2024, it is now calling for the manufacturing of 900,610 grams of delta-9 THC and 790,010 grams of all other tetrahydrocannabinol. That represents another increase after DEA already moved this week to nearly double the 2023 quota for delta-9 THC to 628,460 grams and called for 350,000 grams of other tetrahydrocannabinols.

2023 February 11, Kyle Jaeger, “DEA Wants Nearly 1 Million Grams Of Delta-9 THC Manufactured For Research Next Year In Latest Schedule I Quota Hike”, in Marijuana Moment:

(organic chemistry) The psychoactive substance present in cannabis, a hydrogenated derivative of cannabinol.


azo-

azine

(organic chemistry) Containing nitrogen especially as the divalent group N=N.


chloro-

From Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “pale green”).

uder

(organic chemistry) Containing chlorine.


benzo-

benzodiazepine, benzoyl

(organic chemistry) Related to benzene or benzoic acid.


aceto-

From Latin acētum (“vinegar”), because acetic acid is a constituent of vinegar.

(organic chemistry) Containing a methyl group bonded to a carbonyl group (CH₃CO-); e.g., acetophenone

aceto-

containing a methyl group bonded to a carbonyl group


aceto-

From Latin acētum (“vinegar”), from aceō (“I am sour”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-éh₁-ye-ti, from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”). Doublet of eddik and acet-.

(organic chemistry) aceto- (containing a methyl group bonded to a carbonyl group)


ethanol

en-noun

ethanol (usually uncountable, plural ethanols)

Contracted from ethyl + alcohol. Ethyl is from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “ether”), influenced by German Äthyl. May be decomposed as ethane + -ol.

(organic chemistry) A simple aliphatic alcohol formally derived from ethane by replacing one hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group: CH₃-CH₂-OH.


ethanol

→ Indonesian: etanol


fatty acid

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fatty acid.wav

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a class of aliphatic carboxylic acids, of general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH, that occur combined with glycerol as animal or vegetable oils and fats. Only those with an even number of carbon atoms are normally found in natural fats.


carboxylic acid

carboxylic acid (plural carboxylic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds containing a carboxyl functional group.

حمض كربوكسيليّ

organic compound containing a carboxyl functional group


carboxylic

(organic chemistry) Of, or relating to the carboxyl functional group.

carboxílic

of, or relating to the carboxyl functional group


functional group

functional group (plural functional groups)

Various functional groups often occur in biomolecules.

(organic chemistry) A specific grouping of elements that is characteristic of a class of compounds, and determines some properties and reactions of that class.


carboxyl

(organic chemistry) A univalent functional group consisting of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl functional group (-CO.OH); characteristic of carboxylic acids.


carbonyl

carboxylic acid anhydride
carboxylic acid anhydride

(organic chemistry) A divalent functional group, (-CO-), characteristic of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, carboxylic acid anhydrides, carbonyl halides, esters and others.


bivalent

en-adj

bivalent (comparative more bivalent, superlative most bivalent)

more bivalent (comparative)
most bivalent (superlative)

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) Having a valence of 2; having two ligands


aldehyde

Borrowed from German Aldehyd, a contraction of the Latin al(cohol) dehyd(rogenātum).

The air smells of strange, oceanic aldehydes.

2020, N. K. Jemisin, The City We Became, Orbit, page 180:

(organic chemistry) Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.

aldehid

organic compound of the general formula R·CHO


CNC

(organic chemistry) Initialism of cellulose nanocrystal.


carbohydrate

From their general formula Cₙ(H₂O)ₙ; they were once thought to be hydrates of carbon.

These microbes are primarily responsible for breaking down cellulose and other carbohydrates into volatile fatty acids (VFAs).

Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy.

2013 September-October, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist:

(organic chemistry, nutrition) A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant.

karbohidrat

organic compounds such as sugar, starch or cellulose


amine

quaternary ammonium compound e.g.tetramethylammonium hydroxide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an amine functional group.


amino-

(organic chemistry) amino- (of amines and the amino functional group)


aniline

en-noun

aniline (countable and uncountable, plural anilines)

Borrowed from German Anilin, coined by German chemist Carl Julius Fritzsche. From Portuguese anil (“indigo”) + -in (“-ine (organic compounds)”).

(organic chemistry) The simplest aromatic amine, C₆H₅NH₂, synthesized by the reduction of nitrobenzene; it is a colourless oily basic poisonous liquid used in the manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals.


piperonal

(organic chemistry) The methylene ether of 3,4 dihydroxy benzaldehyde; used in perfume to give a floral note


heptose

heptoses (plural)
heptaose (alternative)

(organic chemistry) A sugar or saccharide containing seven carbon atoms.


bicyclic

(physical chemistry, organic chemistry) A bicyclic compound.


lactic acid

lactic acid (countable and uncountable, plural lactic acids)

It was [Roger] Federer's ability to pull him around the court that put the lactic acid and debilitating weight in those legs and he should not have been allowed the luxury of his trainer's help.

2012 June 29, Kevin Mitchell, “Roger Federer back from Wimbledon 2012 brink to beat Julien Benneteau”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2016-11-15:

(organic chemistry) 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (CH₃CHOHCO₂H), a syrupy liquid, soluble in water; found in milk, wine and many fruits; used as a food additive and in many industrial applications.


heterocyclic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-heterocyclic.wav

Other highly effective heterocyclic substituents were pyrazinyl and quinoxalyl.

1951, Apollonia Frances Olson, Helen G. Tibbitts, A Study of Head Nurse Activities in a General Hospital, 1950, page 163:

(organic chemistry, of a cyclic compound) Having one or more atoms other than carbon in at least one of its rings.

heterocíclic

of cyclic compounds: containing one or more atoms other than carbon


furan

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms, two double bonds and an oxygen atom; especially the simplest one, C₄H₄O.

furan

any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds


pyrrole

→ Polish: pirol

From German Pyrrol, corresponding to Ancient Greek πυρρός (purrhós, “reddish, fiery”) + -ole.

uder

The way the red crystals absorbed light suggested that the molecule might contain a porphyrin-like structure, a flat ring made up of four smaller rings called pyrroles […].

1998, Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C₄H₅N.


thiophene

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms and a sulfur atom; especially the simplest one, C₄H₄S.


pyridine

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of five carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C₅H₅N.


thiazole

Many heterocyclic bodies prepared synthetically have been manufactured upon a technical scale, because of their coloring and therapeutic properties. This is true of the dyes of [...] the thiazole-group, and also of the important febrifuges, [...]

1891, Victor von Richter, translated by Edgar F. Smith, edited by Prof. R. Anschütz, Victor von Richter's Organic Chemistry; or, Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds, 3rd American edition, from the 8th German edition, volume II, Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., translation of original in German, published 1899, →OCLC, page 443:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of unsaturated heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of three carbon atoms, a sulphur and an nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C₃H₃SN


quinoline

quinolines (plural)
chinoline (alternative)

Audio (US)

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a benzene ring fused with a pyridine ring; especially the simplest such compound, C₉H₇N.