epinephrine

epinephrine (countable and uncountable, plural epinephrines)

From Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”) + -ine.

At the ER, after deflating me with a cocktail of epinephrine, a steroid and an antihistamine, the doctors scolded me for not coming in more quickly: I could have died of asphyxiation.

2023 November 1, “‘We’re sedating women with self-care’: how we became obsessed with wellness”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry, medicine) A catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter; as a hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress (when it stimulates the autonomic nervous system); as a neurotransmitter, synthesized from norepinephrine. It is also used as a medication.


epoxide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound, cyclic ethers, having a three-membered ring; they are prepared by the selective oxidation of alkenes or by ring-closure of halohydrins; used to make plastics.

(organic chemistry) Any similar compound in which an ether linkage has been made across a larger ring.


episulphide

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of episulfide


halohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound having a hydroxyl functional group and a halogen on neighbouring carbon atoms.


ethylene oxide

(organic chemistry) The simplest epoxide; used as a sterilizing agent and in the production of ethylene glycol.


unsaponifiable

(organic chemistry) Not able to be saponified


unsaponifiable

(organic chemistry, especially in plural) lipids (such as steroids) that are not glycerides and thus cannot be saponified


glyceride

/ˈɡlɪsəɹaɪd/

(organic chemistry) An ester of glycerol and one or more fatty acid; they are the major constituents of lipids.

甘油酯

an ester of glycerol and one or more fatty acids


cracking

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) The thermal decomposition of a substance, especially that of crude petroleum in order to produce petrol / gasoline.


aza

"However, aza N-atoms (~N=) have to be counted, if they replace methine groups in the chain."

2003, Heinrich Zollinger, Color Chemistry, →ISBN, page 73:

(organic chemistry, attributive) A nitrogen atom substituted for a carbon atom within a ring.


co-

From Latin co-, allomorph of Latin con-.

codimer is any dimeric copolymer, copolypeptide is any polypeptide that is a copolymer, comonomer is any of a group of monomers that, when polymerized, form a copolymer

(organic chemistry) Referring to copolymers.


Fischer-Tropsch process

From Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch, German chemists.

(organic chemistry) The synthesis of hydrocarbons by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.


polythene

en-noun

polythene (countable and uncountable, plural polythenes)

All that was needed [to make a hula hoop] was a bag of high-density polythene dust, a handful of two-inch wooden plugs, half a pound of wire staples, and the help of a man with an extrusion machine, which simply meant anyone who could make a length of plastic hose.

1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 129:

(organic chemistry, chiefly British) A light thermoplastic used in packaging etc.; polyethylene.


bromo-

(organic chemistry) bromo- (containing bromine)


Friedel-Crafts reaction

Friedel-Crafts reaction (plural Friedel-Crafts reactions)

substitution reaction
substitution reaction

(organic chemistry) a substitution reaction in which an alkyl or acyl functional group replaces a hydrogen atom of an aromatic nucleus; it is catalyzed by aluminium chloride


lignin

lignin (usually uncountable, plural lignins)

(organic chemistry) A complex non-carbohydrate aromatic polymer present in all wood.


lignin

ligninek (plural)
lignin (nominative singular)
ligninek (nominative plural)
lignint (accusative singular)
lignineket (accusative plural)
ligninnek (dative singular)
lignineknek (dative plural)
ligninnel (instrumental singular)
ligninekkel (instrumental plural)
ligninért (causal-final singular)
ligninekért (causal-final plural)
ligninné (singular translative)
ligninekké (plural translative)
ligninig (singular terminative)
ligninekig (plural terminative)
ligninként (essive-formal singular)
ligninekként (essive-formal plural)
ligninben (inessive singular)
ligninekben (inessive plural)
ligninen (singular superessive)
lignineken (plural superessive)
ligninnél (adessive singular)
lignineknél (adessive plural)
ligninbe (illative singular)
ligninekbe (illative plural)
ligninre (singular sublative)
ligninekre (plural sublative)
ligninhez (allative singular)
ligninekhez (allative plural)
ligninből (elative singular)
ligninekből (elative plural)
ligninről (delative singular)
ligninekről (delative plural)
lignintől (ablative singular)
ligninektől (ablative plural)
ligniné (singular)
lignineké (plural)
ligninéi (singular)
ligninekéi (plural)
ligninem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
ligninjeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
lignined (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
ligninjeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
ligninje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
ligninjei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
ligninünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
ligninjeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
ligninetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
ligninjeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
ligninjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
ligninjeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

(organic chemistry) lignin (complex non-carbohydrate aromatic polymer present in all wood)


colina

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”), + -ina, indicating non-acidic compounds.


tropine

(organic chemistry) A poisonous alkaloid (3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol obtained by the hydrolysis of atropine


polyurethane

Firefighters were hampered by toxic fumes from polyurethane mattresses and overstuffed furniture.

1977 December 31, “One Person Dies in Castro Baths Fire”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 26, page 3:

(organic chemistry) Any of various polymeric resins containing urethane links; used in very many industrial and domestic applications.

聚氨酯

any of various polymeric resins containing urethane links


humic acid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) a complex mixture of organic acids produced by the decomposition of vegetable matter.


trans fat

trans fats (plural)
trans-fat (alternative)

coronary heart disease
coronary heart disease

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated fat with carbon-carbon double bonds in the trans configuration, especially one prepared by partial hydrogenation, associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease.

反式脂肪

unsaturated fat with bonds in the trans configuration


cycloalkane

(organic chemistry) Any saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon.


cycloheptane

(organic chemistry) An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₇H₁₄; a volatile inflammable liquid.


CBD

en-noun

CBD (countable and uncountable, plural CBDs or CBD's)

It’s hard to say the precise moment when CBD, the voguish cannabis derivative, went from being a fidget spinner alternative for stoners to a mainstream panacea.

2018 October 27, Alex Williams, “Why Is CBD Everywhere?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

“It is a kind of a new snake oil in the sense that there are a lot of claims and not so much evidence,” said Dustin Lee, an assistant professor in psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Johns Hopkins University who is planning a human trial of CBD for use in quitting smoking.

2019 February 25, Roni Caryn Rabin, quoting Dustin Lee, “CBD Is Everywhere, but Scientists Still Don’t Know Much About It”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of cannabidiol.


carbo-

carbide, carbohydrate

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Representing carbon, carbonic, carbonyl, carbonylic, carboxyl or carboxylic.


oxo-

(organic chemistry) Having a methylene group replaced by a carbonyl group.


gunge

gunge (usually uncountable, plural gunges)

First attested around 1935–40. Probably an alteration of gunk.

They call this solid material tholin (after the Greek word for muddy), but it seems likely that chemists will continue to call this rather familiar material “gunge.”

11 January 1979, Dr Bernard Dixon (editor), "Grains between the stars account for spectra", in New Scientist


camphor

camphor (countable and uncountable, plural camphors)

From Old French camphore or Medieval Latin camphora, from Arabic كَافُور (kāfūr), in turn from an Austronesian word such as Malay kapur.

Yet, oddly enough, I found a far unlikelier substance, and that was camphor. I found it in a sealed jar, that by chance, I suppose, had been really hermetically sealed. I fancied at first that it was paraffin wax, and smashed the glass accordingly. But the odour of camphor was unmistakable. In the universal decay this volatile substance had chanced to survive, perhaps through many thousands of centuries.

1895 May 29, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “The Palace of Green Porcelain”, in The Time Machine: An Invention, London: William Heinemann, →OCLC, page 115:

(organic chemistry) A white transparent waxy crystalline isoprenoid ketone, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, with a strong pungent odour, used in pharmacy.


isoamyl nitrite

(organic chemistry) The ester of isoamyl alcohol and nitrous acid, a volatile yellow liquid used as a vasodilator and antidote to cyanide poisoning; used illicitly as a sexual stimulant.


isoamyl alcohol

(organic chemistry) An isomer of amyl alcohol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, found in trace amounts in wine; used industrially in the preparation of isoamyl nitrite.


amyl alcohol

(organic chemistry) Any of the isomers of pentanol, C₅H₁₁OH; the principal constituent of fusel oil.


polychlorinated biphenyl

polychlorinated biphenyl (plural polychlorinated biphenyls)

Another environmental factor thought to be affecting some coastal birds, although comparatively little is yet known about its extent or origin, is the presence of marine pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and toxic heavy metals.

1986, Valerie M. Thom, “Coastal habitats”, in Birds in Scotland, London: T & AD Poyser, published 2011, →ISBN, page 25:

The microbes devoured the chlorides in the earth; as metabolic byproducts, they produced toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). By the time the infestation was contained an area of nearly 30 square kilometers had been effectively turned into a toxic waste dump.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Nepyma:

persistent organic pollutant
persistent organic pollutant

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds formed by the chlorination of the hydrocarbon biphenyl; they have many industrial applications but are now considered persistent organic pollutants.


biphenyl

biphenyl (countable and uncountable, plural biphenyls)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) A colourless solid hydrocarbon, C₁₂H₁₀, consisting of two benzene rings linked together by a single bond.

halogenated biphenyls

(organic chemistry, countable) Any substituted or otherwise altered version of biphenyl, such as PCBs.


diphenyl

polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate


2006, Zhang et al, Investigative Opthamological and Visual Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16384975&query_hl=14&itool=pubmed_docsum
Apical uptake was higher than basolateral uptake at 37 degrees C and was decreased to 70% in the presence of NaN(3) or in the absence of extracellular Na(+). Besides alpha2-agonists, apical uptake was inhibited by verapamil, desipramine, and quinidine, but not by MPP(+) (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), TEA (tetraethylammonium), decynium-22, carnitine, PHA (p-aminohippurate), alanine, or inosine.

(organic chemistry) MPP+, the active metabolite of MPTP.


arsenate

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of arsenic acid.


nitr-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of nitro- used before a vowel.


nitr-

(organic chemistry) alternative form of nitro- (“containing nitrogen”), used before a vowel


telluride

telluride (countable and uncountable, plural tellurides)

(countable, organic chemistry) Any organic compound of general formula R₂Te (R not = H), the tellurium analogues of ethers


sodium lauryl sulfate

(organic chemistry) An ionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate, used in many household products.


DDD

DDD (countable and uncountable, plural DDDs)

Coordinate term: DDT

(organic chemistry) Initialism of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (“insecticide related to DDT”).


sulfo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sulfo-.wav


etan

etan (nominative singular)
etany (nominative plural)
etanu (genitive singular)
etanů (genitive plural)
etanu (dative singular)
etanům (dative plural)
etan (accusative singular)
etany (accusative plural)
etane (singular vocative)
etany (plural vocative)
etanu (locative singular)
etanech (locative plural)
etanem (instrumental singular)
etany (instrumental plural)
ethan (alternative)


etan

is-noun

etan n (genitive singular etans, no plural)

etans (genitive singular)
etan (indefinite nominative singular)
etanið (definite nominative singular)
etan (accusative indefinite singular)
etanið (accusative definite singular)
etani (dative indefinite singular)
etaninu (dative definite singular)
etans (genitive indefinite singular)
etansins (definite genitive singular)


etan

etan (indefinite nominative singular)
etans (genitive indefinite singular)
etanet (definite nominative singular)
etanets (definite genitive singular)

From English ethane; equivalent to etyl + -an.


DCC

en-noun

DCC (countable and uncountable, plural DCCs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.


cycloheximide

cycloheximide (usually uncountable, plural cycloheximides)

(organic chemistry) An agricultural fungicide produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus, widely used in biomedical research.


cyclopentadiene

cyclopentadiene (countable and uncountable, plural cyclopentadienes)

(organic chemistry) an unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₅H₆; it forms complexes with some transition elements


cyclopentadienyl complex

cyclopentadienyl complex (plural cyclopentadienyl complexes)

(organic chemistry) an organometallic compound formed from cyclopentadiene (or a derivative) and a transition element or other metal


aluminoxane

organometallic compound
organometallic compound

(organic chemistry) a class of organometallic compounds of aluminium having general formula R₂Al-O-AlR₂; they are used as catalysts in the polymerization of epoxides and oxetanes to form polyether elastomers.


Vandenberg catalyst

Vandenberg catalyst (plural Vandenberg catalysts)

From Edwin J. Vandenberg, American chemist.

(organic chemistry) An aluminoxane, prepared from an alkyl-aluminium and water, used as a catalyst in the manufacture of polyether elastomers.


polyether

(organic chemistry) a polymer, such as an elastomer, in which carbon atoms of the repeating units are joined by a single oxygen atom


PETE

Coordinate term: PE

polyethylene terephthalate
polyethylene terephthalate#English

(organic chemistry) Acronym of polyethylene terephthalate.


disulfide

disulfides (plural)
disulphide (alternative)

(organic chemistry) A functional group with two sulfur atoms bonded to one another, described by the following formula: R–S–S–R'.


Prevost reaction

Prevost reaction (plural Prevost reactions)

(organic chemistry) The trans oxidation of an alkene, to form a dihydric alcohol, catalyzed by iodine and silver benzoate.


benzoate

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of benzoic acid.


azide

(organic chemistry) the univalent N₃ radical or functional group or any ester containing this group


heptane

(organic chemistry) Any of the nine isomers of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon C₇H₁₆, obtained from petroleum, especially n-heptane (CH₃(CH₂)₅CH₃)


alquilar

pt-verb

alquilar (first-person singular present alquilo, first-person singular preterite alquilei, past participle alquilado)

alquilo (first-person present singular)
alquilei (first-person preterite singular)
alquilado (participle past)
alquilar (impersonal infinitive)
alquilar (first-person infinitive singular)
alquilares (infinitive second-person singular)
alquilar (infinitive singular third-person)
alquilarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
alquilardes (infinitive plural second-person)
alquilarem (infinitive plural third-person)
alquilando (gerund)
alquilado (masculine participle past singular)
alquilados (masculine participle past plural)
alquilada (feminine participle past singular)
alquiladas (feminine participle past plural)
alquilo (first-person indicative present singular)
alquilas (indicative present second-person singular)
alquila (indicative present singular third-person)
alquilamos (first-person indicative plural present)
alquilais (indicative plural present second-person)
alquilam (indicative plural present third-person)
alquilava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
alquilavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
alquilava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
alquilávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
alquiláveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
alquilavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
alquilei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
alquilaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
alquilou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
alquilamos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
alquilámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
alquilastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
alquilaram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
alquilara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
alquilaras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
alquilara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
alquiláramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
alquiláreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
alquilaram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
alquilarei (first-person future indicative singular)
alquilarás (future indicative second-person singular)
alquilará (future indicative singular third-person)
alquilaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
alquilareis (future indicative plural second-person)
alquilarão (future indicative plural third-person)
alquilaria (conditional first-person singular)
alquilarias (conditional second-person singular)
alquilaria (conditional singular third-person)
alquilaríamos (conditional first-person plural)
alquilaríeis (conditional plural second-person)
alquilariam (conditional plural third-person)
alquile (first-person present singular subjunctive)
alquiles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
alquile (present singular subjunctive third-person)
alquilemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
alquileis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
alquilem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
alquilasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
alquilasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
alquilasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
alquilássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
alquilásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
alquilassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
alquilar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
alquilares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
alquilar (future singular subjunctive third-person)
alquilarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
alquilardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
alquilarem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
alquila (imperative second-person singular)
alquile (imperative singular third-person)
alquilemos (first-person imperative plural)
alquilai (imperative plural second-person)
alquilem (imperative plural third-person)
não alquiles (imperative negative second-person singular)
não alquile (imperative negative singular third-person)
não alquilemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não alquileis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não alquilem (imperative negative plural third-person)

(organic chemistry) to alkylate (to add an alkyl group to a compound)


malic

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to malic acid or its derivatives.


DM

en-noun

DM (countable and uncountable, plural DMs)

(organic chemistry) adamsite, diphenylaminechlorarsine


irene

The configurations around the double bond in the side chain are based on considerations of the Raman spectra, dielectric constants, etc., and on comparatively small differences in reactivity; for example, neo-α-irone is converted into irene less readily than α-irone, but forms an oxime more rapidly; …

1952, The Terpenes, addenda to volumes 1 and 2, page 507

Ruzicka and his co-workers showed that the hydrocarbon irene, obtained on reduction of irone with red phosphorus/iodine, had the structure shown and this was confirmed by synthesis [...]

1964, Samuel Coffey, E. H. Rodd, Martin Frederick Ansell, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds: Alicyclic Compounds, page 177:

Practically no isomerization of ɑ- or γ-irone into β-irone, or of γ-irone into ɑ-irone takes place; nor is irene formed from the irones.

1972, Ernest Guenther, The Essential Oils: Individual Essential Oils of the Plant Families Ericaceae, Betulaceae, Valerianaceae, Verbenaceae, Cistaceae, Cruciferae, Liliaceae, Iridaceae, Araceae, Palmae, Cyperaceae, Moraceae, Aristolochiaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Usneaceae, Podocarpaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae, page 87:

(organic chemistry) The hydrocarbon formed by dehydration of an irone.


triglyceride

/tɹaɪˈɡlɪsəɹaɪd/

(organic chemistry) A lipid, an ester of glycerol and three fatty acids (the same or different); the major constituent of animal and vegetable fats


monoglyceride

/ˌmɒnəʊˈɡlɪsəɹaɪd/

(organic chemistry) a lipid, an ester of glycerol and one fatty acid (in the 1- or 2- positions)


diglyceride

(organic chemistry) a lipid, an ester of glycerol and two fatty acids (the same or different, in the 1,2 or 1,3 positions)


zeaxanthin

zeaxanthin (countable and uncountable, plural zeaxanthins)

From New Latin Zea (genus name of Indian corn) + xanthin.

der

(organic chemistry) A yellow crystalline carotenoid alcohol that occurs widely with lutein, with which it is isomeric, and is the chief pigment of maize


thiol

(organic chemistry) A univalent organic radical (-SH) containing a sulphur and a hydrogen atom; a compound containing such a radical.


-ol

(organic chemistry) An alcohol or phenol.


-ol

-ol (nominative singular)
-ole (nominative plural)
-ola (genitive singular)
-oli (genitive plural)
-olowi (dative singular)
-olom (dative plural)
-ola (accusative singular)
-oli (accusative plural)
-olem (instrumental singular)
-olami (instrumental plural)
-olu (locative singular)
-olach (locative plural)
-olu (singular vocative)
-ole (plural vocative)

(organic chemistry) forms names of alcohols


-ol

(organic chemistry) -ol (suffix denoting an alcohol or phenol)


organoborane

organoboranes (plural)
organo-borane (alternative)

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing a carbon-to-boron bond.


organic compound

en-noun

organic compound (plural organic compounds)

Not only are organic compounds essential to living organisms, but the common belief until the 19th century was that only living organisms could produce them, whence the name. When it was shown in the early 1800s that they could also be produced in the laboratory, the old name was kept.

Meteorites contain a wide range of organic compounds.

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing carbon atoms covalently bound to other atoms.

List of organic_compounds on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


hydrocracking

hydrocracking (usually uncountable, plural hydrocrackings)

(organic chemistry) The production of high-octane petroleum fuel and kerosene by hydrogenating large or complex hydrocarbons and then cracking them.


heptanoic acid

(organic chemistry) the aliphatic carboxylic acid having seven carbon atoms, CH₃(CH₂)₅COOH; enanthic acid


phenolic

“Eggplant is highly nutritious, but it can be bitter due to its phenolic compounds.”

2022, Bonnie Garmus, Lessons in Chemistry, Penguin (2023), page 338:

(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or derived from a phenol.

fenòlic

organic chemistry: of, relating to, or derived from a phenol


R acid

(organic chemistry) A crystalline sulfonic acid, HOC₁₀H₅(SO₃H)₂, derived from beta naphthol and used as a dye intermediate; 2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid.


curcumin

curcumin (countable and uncountable, plural curcumins)

From translingual Curcuma, from Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “turmeric”) + -in.

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A polyphenol (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione; a major constituent of the spice turmeric.


polyphenol

Fruits, vegetables, whole grains and other plant foods, like nuts and legumes, are rich in polyphenols — antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds that some research suggests can support healthy aging.

2024 September 2, Alice Callahan, “How to Eat for a Long and Healthy Life”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a large class of organic compounds, of plant origin, having more than one phenol group; they tend to be colourful and to have antioxidant properties.

多酚

any of a large class of organic compounds


siloxane

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of compound having a short repeating unit of silicon and oxygen atoms (either in a chain or a ring), typically with organic side chains


-ane

From Latin -ānus, which forms adjectives from nouns with the sense of "belonging to" or "origin from". Doublet of English -an.

(organic chemistry) A saturated hydrocarbon; an alkane.


-ene

Borrowed from French -ène, chosen by French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas to avoid confusion with chemicals in -ine.

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one double bond; an alkene.

(organic chemistry) An aromatic hydrocarbon based on benzene.


-diene

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated hydrocarbon with two double bonds; a diene

(organic chemistry) A polymer of such a diene.


azo dye

(organic chemistry) Any of a large number of mostly yellow to red synthetic dyes that contain an azo or diimide (-N=N-) functional group.


diimide

(organic chemistry, countable) Any azo compound derived from this simple compound


chrysoine resorcinol

(organic chemistry) a golden-yellow azo dye used as a food coloring


quinoline yellow

(organic chemistry) a yellow food coloring now known to be toxic and banned in some countries


PAN

PAN (countable and uncountable, plural PANs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyacrylonitrile.

peroxyacetyl nitrate
peroxyacetyl nitrate#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of peroxyacetyl nitrate.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of phenylacetonitrile.


-ana

-ane
A saturated hydrocarbon; an alkane.


carminic acid

(organic chemistry) a phenolic quinone that is the main constituent of cochineal


azorubine

azorubine (countable and uncountable, plural azorubines)

(organic chemistry) a red azo dye used as a food colouring, mostly in baked goods


thymol

From thym + -ol, coined by French chemist Alexandre Lallemand in 1853.


ketene

(organic chemistry) any of a class of unsaturated ketones, having a general formula R₁R₂C=C=O, that react as if they were inner acid anhydrides

(organic chemistry) the parent compound of this class, CH₂=C=O, an unstable, reactive colourless gas


saponin

“Saponins aren't absorbed by the intestines. You've got to get the stuff into the blood.”

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, page 111:

Soapnuts are the dried fruit of a tree called Sapindus mukorossi (Chinese Soapberry) and contain saponin, a natural surfactant that foams just like soap.

2015, Beth Terry, Plastic-Free: How I Kicked the Plastic Habit and How You Can Too, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of various steroid glycosides found in plant tissues that dissolve in water to give a soapy froth.


-caine

From German -kain, extracted from the word Kokain (“cocaine”), because cocaine was formerly used as a local anaesthetic.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic alkaloid used as a local anesthetic.

-caïne

a synthetic alkaloid used as a local anesthetic


lactam

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of cyclic amides that are the nitrogen analogs of lactones, formed by heating amino acids; the tautomeric enol forms are known as lactims.

laktaami

cyclic amides, nitrogen analogs of lactones


lactim

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of cyclic hydroxy-imides (enols) that are tautomeric with the lactams.


imide

(organic chemistry) a form of amide in which the nitrogen atom is attached to two carbonyl groups - R₁CONHCOR₂


lactone

(organic chemistry) A cyclic intramolecular ester derived from a hydroxy acid.


hydroxy acid

(organic chemistry) a carboxylic acid that also contains a hydroxy group


alpha-hydroxy acid

en-noun

alpha-hydroxy acid (plural alpha-hydroxy acids)

alpha-hydroxy acids (plural)
AHA (abbreviation)

(organic chemistry) Any hydroxy acid, of general formula RCH(OH)COOH, used in the cosmetic industry for their supposed property of reducing wrinkles.


glycolic acid

(organic chemistry) the simplest alpha-hydroxy acid, hydroxy-acetic acid, found in sugar cane and unripe grapes; used in cosmetics etc


lactide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of heterocyclic compounds, formally acid anhydrides, formed by heating α-lactones

(organic chemistry) The anhydride of lactic acid


megaphone

Named for the root Aniba megaphylla + -one.

/ˈmɛɡ.əˌfəʊn/

/ˈmɛɡəˌfoʊn/

(organic chemistry) A cytotoxic neolignan obtained from the laurel Aniba megaphylla.


carbazone

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic nitrogen compounds derived from the parent compound HN=N-CO-NH-NH₂


semicarbazone

(organic chemistry) The reaction product of an aldehyde or ketone with semicarbazide; they have the general formula R₁R₂C=N-NH-CO-NH₂


semicarbazide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class or organic nitrogen compounds derived from the parent compound NH₂-NH-CO-NH₂; they react with aldehydes and ketones to form semicarbazones.


brom-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of bromo- (before a vowel)


brom-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of bromo- (“containing bromine”), used before a vowel


bixin

bixin (countable and uncountable, plural bixins)

(organic chemistry) An apocarotenoid that is the active ingredient of annatto.

bixina

an apocarotenoid that is the active ingredient of annatto


apocarotenoid

(organic chemistry) Any compound formed by the removal of fragments of the carbon backbone (usually by oxidative cleavage) of a carotenoid.

apocarotenoide

any compound formed by the removal of fragments of the carbon backbone of a carotenoid


norbixin

(organic chemistry) The carboxylic acid of which bixin is the methyl ester; more soluble in water than bixin.

norbixina

the carboxylic acid of which bixin is the methyl ester


capsanthin

(organic chemistry) A di-hydroxy, keto carotenoid, which, together with capsorubin, constitutes the red pigment of paprika.


capsorubin

(organic chemistry) A di-hydroxy, keto carotenoid, which, together with capsanthin, constitutes the red pigment of paprika.


carotenal

(organic chemistry) any carotenoid containing an aldehyde functional group


carotenoic acid

carotenoic acid (plural carotenoic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any carotenoid containing a carboxylic acid functional group.


racemate

From racemic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(archaic, organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of racemic acid.


cryptoxanthin

cryptoxanthin (usually uncountable, plural cryptoxanthins)

(organic chemistry) A xanthophyll pigment (a hydroxy derivative of carotene) that occurs widely in nature.


rubixanthin

(organic chemistry) A monocyclic xanthophyll pigment found in rose hips and elsewhere.


violaxanthin

violaxanthin (countable and uncountable, plural violaxanthins)

It can be assumed that the sinensiaxanthins and sinensiachromes represent degradation products of the violaxanthins, luteoxanthins and auroxanthins which are found in considerable amounts in yellow roses.

2012, N.I. Krinsky, Carotenoids: Chemistry and Biology, page 11:

(organic chemistry) A xanthophyll pigment (a di-epoxide, derived from zeaxanthin) that occurs in many plants.


rhodoxanthin

(organic chemistry) A xanthophyll pigment found in many plants, and in bird feathers.


canthaxanthin

canthaxanthin (countable and uncountable, plural canthaxanthins)

(organic chemistry) A xanthophyll pigment found in many plants and animals.


citranaxanthin

(organic chemistry) A synthetic monocyclic xanthophyll pigment, 5',6'-dihydro-5'-apo-18'-nor-beta-caroten-6'-one.


astaxanthin

astaxanthin (countable and uncountable, plural astaxanthins)

[æstəˈzɛənθɪn]

(organic chemistry) A xanthophyll pigment that occurs widely in plants and animals, especially crustaceans.


betanin

betanin (countable and uncountable, plural betanins)

(organic chemistry) A glycoside obtained from beetroot.

betanin

the glycoside also known as beetroot red


anthocyanin

/ˌænθəˈsaɪənɪn/

(botany, organic chemistry) Any of many water-soluble red to violet plant pigments related to the flavonoids (more noticeable in autumn after the chlorophyll decomposes)

antocianina

any of many water-soluble red to violet plant pigments


flavonoid

From flavone + -oid, from Latin flāvus (“yellow”). Not related to flavor.

(organic chemistry) Any of many compounds that are plant metabolites, being formally derived from flavone; they have antioxidant properties, and sometimes contribute to flavor.

flavonoide

any of many compounds that are plant metabolites


flavone

flavone (countable and uncountable, plural flavones)

From Latin flāvus (“yellow”) + -one, as many are yellow in nature.

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of tricyclic aromatic heterocyclic ketones, especially the naturally occurring flavonoids.


arsphenamine

arsphenamine (countable and uncountable, plural arsphenamines)

2001: The 606th compound was one that contained arsenic and was called arsphenamine. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 9)

(pharmacology, organic chemistry) A phenolic amine derivative of arsenic that was used to treat syphilis (under the trade name of Salvarsan).

arsfenamina

a phenolic amine derivative of arsenic that was used to treat syphilis


pyrocatechol

pyrocatechol (countable and uncountable, plural pyrocatechols)

(organic chemistry) A dihydric phenol, benzene-1,2-diol, present in some tars.


chloramine

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) any of a class of unstable compounds of nitrogen and chlorine R₁R₂NCl; also the parent compound NH₂Cl (monochloramine), used to manufacture hydrazine, and as the antiseptic chloramine-T


hydrazine

hydrazine (countable and uncountable, plural hydrazines)

Borrowed from German Hydrazin, coined by Emile Fischer in 1875 as a derivative from Diazin, an obsolete name for diimide, of which hydrazine is a hydrogenated analog. By surface analysis, hydr- + azo (“nitrogen”) + -ine.

surf

From ethyleneoxides or ethyleneimines carrying an acyl substituent, with hydrazine and its derivatives (Ch. 3. XV).

2009, Richard H. Wiley, Pyrazoles and Reduced and Condensed Pyrazoles, Volume 22, page 387:

(organic chemistry, countable) Any member of the class of organic compounds formally derived from NH₂-NH₂.


nicotina

(organic chemistry) nicotine (addictive alkaloid derived from tobacco)


nicotina

Borrowed from French nicotine, named after the French diplomat Jean Nicot.


lecithin

en-noun

lecithin (countable and uncountable, plural lecithins)

From French lécithine, coined in 1847 by Theodore Gobley, from Ancient Greek λέκιθος (lékithos, “egg yolk”).

der

(organic chemistry) The principal phospholipid in animals; it is particularly abundant in egg yolks, and is extracted commercially from soy. It is a major constituent of cell membranes, and is commonly used as a food additive (as an emulsifier).


phospholipid

An index of the amount of phospholipids present was secured from the total phosphorus content of a third aliquot, the method employed being the colorimetric procedure devised by Whitehorn.

1926, HC Eckstein, “The cholesterol and phospholipid content of the cutaneous epithelium of man”, in Journal of Biological Chemistry:

(organic chemistry) Any lipid, such as lecithin or cephalin, consisting of a diglyceride combined with a phosphate group and a simple organic molecule such as choline or ethanolamine; they are important constituents of biological membranes.

دُهْن فُوسْفُورِيّ

lipid consisting of a diglyceride combined with a phosphate group


calcium sorbate

(organic chemistry) the calcium salt of sorbic acid


potassium benzoate

(organic chemistry) The potassium salt of benzoic acid.


calcium benzoate

(organic chemistry) the calcium salt of benzoic acid


phosphatidyl

en-noun

phosphatidyl (usually uncountable, plural phosphatidyls)

(organic chemistry) A radical derived from a phosphatide


phosphatidylethanolamine

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of phospholipid containing ethanolamine

fosfatidiletanolammina

any of a class of phospholipid containing ethanolamine


phosphatidylglycerol

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any phospholipid in which the small organic molecule is glycerol


phosphatidylserine

phosphatidylserine (countable and uncountable, plural phosphatidylserines)

(organic chemistry) A phospholipid containing serine.


diamine

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing two amino functional groups.


dimethylnitrosamine

dimethylnitrosamine (countable and uncountable, plural dimethylnitrosamines)

(organic chemistry) The alkyl nitrosamine, (CH₃)₂N-N=O, found in tobacco smoke; it is carcinogenic


diphenylamine

diphenylamine (countable and uncountable, plural diphenylamines)

(organic chemistry) an aromatic amine, (C₆H₅)₂NH, used in the manufacture of plastics, dyes, explosives, pesticides, fungicides and pharmaceuticals


enamine

condensation reaction
condensation reaction

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of unsaturated nitrogen compounds, having the general formula R₂C=C(R)-NR₂, prepared by the condensation reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a secondary amine; they are the tautomeric forms of imines.


imine

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic nitrogen compounds having the general formula R₂C=NR; they are tautomeric with enamines.


ergotamine

ergotamine (countable and uncountable, plural ergotamines)

/ɜːˈɡɒtəmiːn/

Borrowed from German Ergotamin, corresponding to ergot + -amine.

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) An alkaloid, extracted from ergot, that causes constriction of blood vessels and has been used to treat migraine; it is related to lysergic acid.


ethylamine

ethylamine (countable and uncountable, plural ethylamines)

(organic chemistry) A colourless, volatile liquid amine, CH₃-CH₂-NH₂ having many industrial applications.


hexamine

hexamine (countable and uncountable, plural hexamines)

(organic chemistry) Contraction of hexamethylenetetramine.


adamantane

(organic chemistry) A polycyclic hydrocarbon, C₁₀H₁₆, having a cagelike structure similar to a portion of the diamond lattice; any of its derivatives


diamondoid

(organic chemistry) Any of several polycyclic hydrocarbons whose cagelike structure resembles part of the diamond crystal lattice.


hexamethylene diamine

(organic chemistry) A saturated aliphatic diamine, NH₂(CH₂)₆NH₂, used in the manufacture of nylon and other plastics.


hexamethylenetetramine

hexamethylenetetramine (countable and uncountable, plural hexamethylenetetramines)

hexamethylenetetramines (plural)
hexamethylene tetramine (alternative)
hexamine (alternative)
methenamine (alternative)
hexamethylenamin (alternative)
urotropin (alternative)
urotropine (alternative)

(organic chemistry) A crystalline compound C₆H₁₂N₄ used especially as an accelerator in vulcanizing rubber.


hydroxylamine

hydroxylamine (countable and uncountable, plural hydroxylamines)

(organic chemistry) Any organic derivative of this compound.


phenazine

(organic chemistry) any of a class of aromatic tricyclic heterocycles used to make dyestuffs


methylamine

methylamine (countable and uncountable, plural methylamines)

(organic chemistry) The simplest aliphatic amine, CH₃NH₂, a toxic gas, having many industrial applications.


polyamine

(organic chemistry) any compound having many (more than three) amino functional groups; especially such compounds formed by decomposition of proteins


rhodamine

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of pink to red polycyclic fluorone dyes.


quinone

From quinic acid + -one, since it is one of the compounds obtained upon oxidation of quinic acid.

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic compounds having two carbonyl functional groups in the same six-membered ring.


benzoquinone

benzoquinone (countable and uncountable, plural benzoquinones)

(organic chemistry) Either of the two isomeric forms of the simplest quinone, C₆H₄O₂, or any of their derivatives.


crown ether

So called because its structure is shaped like a crown (the royal headgear).

macrocyclic compound
macrocyclic compound

(organic chemistry) any of a class of macrocyclic compounds containing repeat units of -CH₂CH₂O-

(organic chemistry) any similar compound containing atoms of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon instead of, or as well as, oxygen


cryptand

(organic chemistry) any of a class of polycyclic compounds related to the crown ethers, having three chains attached at two nitrogen atoms


acyclic

en-adj

acyclic (comparative more acyclic, superlative most acyclic)

more acyclic (comparative)
most acyclic (superlative)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) Not cyclic; having an open chain structure.


calcium formate

(organic chemistry) the calcium salt of formic acid; used in the scrubbing of flue gases, and as a food preservative


aglycone

(organic chemistry) The non-sugar fragment of a glycoside.


calixarene

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic macrocycles containing a ring of phenol groups linked by a short bridge; they mimic some properties of enzymes, and have many other applications.


cavitand

(organic chemistry) Any of several classes of macrocycle that have a shape containing a cavity in which a guest molecule or ion may fit.


dimethyl dicarbonate

(organic chemistry) A colorless liquid, used as a food preservative


anthraquinone

/ˌænθɹəkwɪˈnoʊn/

(organic chemistry) A tricyclic quinone, derived from anthracene.

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of this parent compound, mostly natural pigments or synthetic dyes.


anthracene

en-noun

anthracene (countable and uncountable, plural anthracenes)

Borrowed from French anthracène, coined by its co-discoverer Auguste Laurent in 1837, from Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax, “coal”) + -ene.

(organic chemistry) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.


phenanthrene

phenanthrene (countable and uncountable, plural phenanthrenes)

(organic chemistry) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals and explosives; it is isomeric with anthracene.

fenantrè

tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from coal tar


benzophenone

benzophenone (countable and uncountable, plural benzophenones)

(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic ketones based on the parent compound diphenylketone (C₆H₅)₂CO; used, amongst other things, as ingredients in sunblock.

(organic chemistry, uncountable) The compound diphenylmethanone.


butanone

butanone (countable and uncountable, plural butanones)

(organic chemistry) A simple aliphatic ketone, CH₃CH₂COCH₃, prepared industrially as a solvent, for use in the manufacture of paints etc.

丁酮

the simple aliphatic ketone: CH3CH2COCH3


methyl ethyl ketone

(organic chemistry) The industrial solvent butanone (CH₃CH₂COCH₃)


coumarone

coumarone (countable and uncountable, plural coumarones)

(organic chemistry) The bicyclic heterocycle benzofuran.


benzofuran

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of bicyclic heterocycles consisting of a benzene ring fused with one of furan.


benzofuran

benzofuran (nominative singular)
benzofuranu (genitive singular)
benzofuranowi (dative singular)
benzofuran (accusative singular)
benzofuranem (instrumental singular)
benzofuranie (locative singular)
benzofuranie (singular vocative)


fused

(organic chemistry) Having at least one bond between two atoms that is part of two or more separate rings


diphenylketone

diphenylketone (countable and uncountable, plural diphenylketones)

(organic chemistry) The aromatic ketone diphenylmethanone.


quinolone

Formed as quinol(ine) + -one, after the German Chinolon.

(organic chemistry) Any of several isomeric ketones derived from quinoline.


hydroquinone

hydroquinone (countable and uncountable, plural hydroquinones)

(organic chemistry) The diphenol para-dihydroxy benzene, used as a mild reducing agent in photographic developing; isomeric with catechol and resorcinol.


resorcinol

resorcinol (countable and uncountable, plural resorcinols)

/ɹəˈzɔː(ɹ)sɪnɒl/

(organic chemistry) The diphenol meta-dihydroxy benzene, used as a mild antiseptic and in many industrial applications; isomeric with catechol and hydroquinone.


isoflavone

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of polyphenolic phytoestrogens found in soybeans and similar plants that may have beneficial health properties.


naphthoquinone

naphthoquinone (countable and uncountable, plural naphthoquinones)

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomers of polycyclic aromatic ketones derived from naphthalene.


sulfone

sulfones (plural)
sulphone (alternative)

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds that have a sulfonyl functional group attached to two carbon atoms; drugs of this structure have been used to treat leprosy.


sulfonyl

sulfonyls (plural)
sulphonyl (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sulfonyl.wav

(organic chemistry) Any univalent radical derived from a sulfonic acid

磺酰基

any univalent radical derived from a sulfonic acid


ubiquinone

(organic chemistry) any of several isoprenyl quinones that have a role in cellular respiration


choline

choline (usually uncountable, plural cholines)

Coined from Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).
The chemical compound was first isolated by Adolph Strecker from pig and ox bile (hence the name) in 1862. It was also named neurine when chemically synthesized by Oscar Liebreich in 1865, until 1898 when shown to be identical to choline.

quaternary ammonium compound
quaternary ammonium compound

(organic chemistry) A hydroxy quaternary ammonium compound with formula (CH₃)₃N⁺CH₂CH₂OHX⁻. It is an essential nutrient for cardiovascular and brain health and for cell membrane formation.


decanal

(organic chemistry) The aliphatic aldehyde, CH₃(CH₂)₈CHO, related to capric acid


Maillard reaction

Maillard reaction (plural Maillard reactions)

/maɪˈjɑː(ɹ)ɹiˈækʃən/

Named after French physician and chemist Louis Camille Maillard, 1912.

named-after

If the surface temperature exceeds the boiling point, as it does during grilling and frying, the Maillard reactions produce typical roasted, browned aromas.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 4, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry) The condensation reaction of an amino acid and a reducing sugar, followed by polymerization to form brown pigments - melanoidins; one of the causes of browning during cooking.


Benedict's reagent

After Stanley Rossiter Benedict, American chemist.

(organic chemistry) A buffered solution of copper sulfate which changes from blue to red in the presence of a reducing sugar.

Benedict's reagent
Stanley Rossiter Benedict


Fehling's solution

en-noun

Fehling's solution (countable and uncountable, plural Fehling's solutions)

From Hermann von Fehling, German chemist.

(organic chemistry) An alkaline solution of copper sulfate which changes from blue to red in the presence of an aldehyde or a reducing sugar.


chloroform

Borrowed from French chloroforme, portmanteau of terchloride (tertiary chloride, trichloride) and formyle (CH, an obsolete radical of formic acid) by Jean-Baptiste Dumas, from 1834. By surface analysis, chloro- + -form.

Some assume that chloroform is a gas because it was given by inhalation.

(organic chemistry) A halogenated hydrocarbon, trichloromethane, CHCl₃; it is a volatile, sweet-smelling liquid, used extensively as a solvent and formerly as an anesthetic.


chloroform

chloroform (nominative singular)
chloroformy (nominative plural)
chloroformu (genitive singular)
chloroformů (genitive plural)
chloroformu (dative singular)
chloroformům (dative plural)
chloroform (accusative singular)
chloroformy (accusative plural)
chloroforme (singular vocative)
chloroformy (plural vocative)
chloroformu (locative singular)
chloroformech (locative plural)
chloroformem (instrumental singular)
chloroformy (instrumental plural)


chloroform

pl-noun

chloroform m inan (related adjective chloroformowy)

chloroformowy (adjective)
chloroform (nominative singular)
chloroformu (genitive singular)
chloroformowi (dative singular)
chloroform (accusative singular)
chloroformem (instrumental singular)
chloroformie (locative singular)
chloroformie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English chloroform, French chloroforme, German Chloroform.


chloroform

Afore I kent where I was I got a smeek o' chloroform.

1935, Joe Corrie, chapter 7, in The Income:

Before I knew where I was I got a puff of chloroform.


chloroform

sk-noun

chloroform m inan (relational adjective chloroformový)

chloroformový (adjective relational)
nominative
chloroform (singular)
chloroformy (plural)
genitive
chloroformu (singular)
chloroformov (plural)
dative
chloroformom (plural)
accusative
locative
chloroforme (singular)
chloroformoch (plural)
instrumental
chloroformom (singular)
chloroformami (plural)


chromanol

(organic chemistry) any of a class of bicyclic heterocycles formed by ring-closure from substituted quinones; examples with isoprene sidechains are the basis of numerous naturally occurring compounds, such as tocopherol


pollenin

(organic chemistry) A substance found in the pollen of certain plants.


polychroite

From poly- + Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs) + -ite. Cf. polychroic.

af

(obsolete, organic chemistry) The coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because of the change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called also crocin, and safranin.


aurin

(organic chemistry) A red colouring matter derived from phenol. Used as an indicator.


delocalized

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry, quantum mechanics) Describing the π-electrons in a conjugated, aromatic or mesoionic compound that are not associated with any particular atom or bond


aromatic compound

en-noun

aromatic compound (plural aromatic compounds)

(organic chemistry) Any compound which exhibits aromaticity.


aromaticity

aromaticity (countable and uncountable, plural aromaticities)

(organic chemistry) The property of being aromatic, i.e. having at least one conjugated ring.

芳香性

organic chemistry: property of having at least one conjugated ring


benzo

(organic chemistry) Of a ring compound, especially a heterocycle, which also has a fused benzene ring.


benzo

(organic chemistry) A divalent radical formed by the removal of two adjacent hydrogen atoms from a benzene ring.

(organic chemistry) Sometimes used in place of the phenyl group.


metal cluster compound

metal cluster compound (plural metal cluster compounds)

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) any compound in which two or more metal atoms are bonded to one another


metallocene

From metallo- + c(yclopentadi)ene. First used in ferrocene.

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds containing two cyclopentadienyl anions and a transition metal whose bonding involves overlap of ns and np orbitals of the metal with molecular orbitals of appropriate symmetry of each cyclopentadienyl ring; the rings are parallel to each other, or sometimes canted.


cyclopentadienyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent anion derived from cyclopentadiene; contains a ring of delocalized electrons; forms metallocene compounds with transition metals.


erythorbate

From erythorbic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(organic chemistry) any salt or ester of erythorbic acid


strychnine

en-noun

strychnine (usually uncountable, plural strychnines)

From French strychnine, from Greek στρύχνος (strýchnos, “sleepy nightshade”) (or directly from Ancient Greek στρύχνον (strúkhnon)) + -ine.

der

(organic chemistry) A very toxic, colorless crystalline alkaloid, derived from nux vomica, used as a pesticide.

strychnin

very toxic, colourless, crystalline alkaloid


alpha-lactam

(organic chemistry) A lactam having a three-membered ring structure.


beta-lactam

beta-lactams (plural)
β-lactam (alternative)
betalactam (alternative)

From beta + lactam, where beta refers to the position of the carbon atom to which the nitrogen is attached.

(organic chemistry) A lactam having a four-membered ring structure; a structural element of many antibiotics such as penicillin.


critical micelle concentration

en-noun

critical micelle concentration (plural critical micelle concentrations)

critical micelle concentrations (plural)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The well-defined concentration at which micelles start to form.


oxycodone

They ingest Ambien, Seroquel, LSD, Adderall, Oxycodone, cocaine, Flexeril, Percocet, psilocybin mushrooms and codeine.

2013 June 4, Dwight Garner, “A Literary Mind, Under the Spell of Drugs and a MacBook”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An addictive, semisynthetic opioid (trademark OxyContin) that is similar to morphine in effect and structure; C₁₈H₂₁NO₄.


butylated hydroxyanisole

Although BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) are avoided by some consumers because several studies have suggested they may be toxic or carcinogenic (they are banned in Britain), these antioxidants have also been shown to inhibit the action of cancer-causing chemicals, and BHT has been shown to suppress the growth of harmful viruses.

1985 May 1, Jane E. Brody, “PERSONAL HEALTH; HOW INNOVATIONS AFFECT SAFETY AND NUTRITION”, in The New York Times:

In high school, I realized I needed more than just sugar to live, so every day I would buy and consume an entire bag of Goldfish (that elusive pizza flavor really is the best). Who needed multiple food groups? Artificial flavors? Count me in. Butylated hydroxyanisole? Yum!

2016 December 13, Aya Cash, “Aya Cash: The First Time I Ate a Vegetable (I Was 22)”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomers of tertiary butyl-4-hydroxyanisole used as a fat-soluble antioxidant in some food.


BHA

Among the effective agents, studies in animals and people indicate, are the preservatives BHA and BHT, which are commonly added to cereals and baked goods, and a group of chemicals naturally present in such vegetables as cabbage, Brussels sprouts and broccoli.

1979 March 6, Jane E. Brody, “Cancer‐Blocking Agents Found in Foods”, in The New York Times:

butylated hydroxyanisole
butylated hydroxyanisole#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of butylated hydroxyanisole.


butylated hydroxytoluene

The Food and Drug Administration earlier this year seized a common food preservative, butylated hydroxytoluene, known simply as BHT, from Life Extension Products in Dania and Hollywood, Fla., after the product had been advertised as a treatment for herpes and AIDS, an agency spokesman said. The agency said the claims had not been proved in scientific tests.

1987 August 30, Katherine Bishop, “Authorities Act Against AIDS 'Cures'”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) A substituted phenol used as a fat-soluble antioxidant in some food.


BHT

The group said that the preservative was unnecessary, and that it was possible to find competing products side by side on grocery shelves, some with BHT and others without it.

1977 July 28, “BHT, A Food Preservative, Called Dangerous to the Public's Health”, in The New York Times:

butylated hydroxytoluene
butylated hydroxytoluene#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of butylated hydroxytoluene.


tertiary butyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent organic radical (CH₃)₃C-


hydroxyanisole

(organic chemistry) Any of three isomers of methoxyphenol, especially 4-methoxyphenol.


pyrethrin

Ecoparasite control, with appropriate concentrations of carbaryl, malathion, or pyrethrin dusts, is permissible if the agent is applied externally to both test and control animals not less than seven days prior to the start of the test.

1983, D. E. Kaukeinen, Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials, page 102:

The biggest risk raised in the findings, Mr. Abecassis said, is the exposure to pesticides, which have been linked to a range of serious illnesses including fatal cancers and organ damage. Six of the tested products contained chemicals like myclobutanil and pyrethrins in concentrations far above state limits, according to the analysis.

2022 December 1, Ashley Southall, “What’s in New York’s Illicit Cannabis: Germs, Toxins and Metals”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) Any of a number of naturally occurring insecticides extracted from the pyrethrum plant; unusual in having a cyclopropane ring.


pyrethrum

pyrethrum (countable and uncountable, plural pyrethrums)

/paɪˈɹiθɹəm/

From Old English pyretre, from (and later reformed after) Latin pyrethrum (in Pliny), from Hellenistic Ancient Greek πύρεθρον (púrethron).

(organic chemistry) Any of several insecticides obtained from these plants; pyrethrin.


pyrocatechin

(obsolete, organic chemistry) pyrocatechol


citraconic acid

(organic chemistry) one of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms, cis-CH₃-C(CO₂H)=CHCO₂H; the trans-isomer is mesaconic acid


mesaconic acid

(organic chemistry) one of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms, trans-CH₃-C(CO₂H)=CHCO₂H; the cis-isomer is citraconic acid


itaconic acid

Anagram of aconitic, modelled on German Itaconsäure as an anagram of Aconitsäure (“aconitic acid”), coined by Gustav Crasso (1840).

(organic chemistry) One of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms, CH₂=C(CO₂H)-CH₂CO₂H.


disulfane

disulfanes (plural)
disulphane (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-disulfane.wav

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing two sulfur atoms joined together.


dimethyl disulfane

(organic chemistry) The organic compound CH₃-S-S-CH₃; it is a pheromone associated with some flies and ants.


pyrocellulose

(organic chemistry) nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) used in the manufacture of smokeless powder.


pyroligneous acid

destructive distillation
destructive distillation

(organic chemistry) A dark liquid, produced by destructive distillation of wood; containing acetic acid, methanol, oils and tars; once used as a commercial source of acetic acid.


cyanuric

(organic chemistry) Of, related to, or derived from cyanuric acid


pyromalic acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) Maleic acid.


furfural

furfural (countable and uncountable, plural furfurals)

/ˈfɝfjəˌɹæl/

(organic chemistry) A heterocyclic aldehyde derivative of furan, obtained commercially from bran, with several industrial uses.


pyromucate

From pyromucic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of pyromucic acid.


xanthene

Internationalism reflecting New Latin combining forms: xanth- + -ene.

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of tricyclic heterocycles (dibenzopyrans) that are the basis for a range of dyes such as fluorescein and eosin.

xantè

chemistry: any of a group of tricyclic heterocycles


pyroxanthin

pyroxanthin (countable and uncountable, plural pyroxanthins)

(organic chemistry) A yellow, crystalline substance obtained from creosote etc; it seems to be a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


pyrrolidine

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring; especially the parent compound of this class, C₄H₉N.


pyrroline

(organic chemistry) Any of three isomeric monounsaturated heterocycles having a five-membered ring and one nitrogen atom C₄H₇N; any derivative of these compounds


morphine alkaloid

morphine alkaloid (plural morphine alkaloids)

Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A group of about twenty closely related compounds obtained from the dried latex that exudes from the seed capsule of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.


stibine

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stibine.wav

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) antimony hydride, SbH₃; a poisonous gas, sometimes used as a fumigant; any organic derivative of this compound.


stannane

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stannane.wav

(organic chemistry) Any related organotin compound


alane

(organic chemistry) Any organic derivative of this compound.


selane

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) hydrogen selenide, H₂Se; organic selenide R-Se-R'


alanyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent acyl radical, CH₃CH(NH₂)CO-, derived from the amino acid alanine.


CAR

CAR (countable and uncountable, plural CARs)

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Abbreviation of carnitine.


carbane

(nonstandard, organic chemistry) A proposed systematic name for methane.


trioxolane

(organic chemistry) A five-membered, saturated heterocycle, containing two carbon atoms and three oxygen atoms; any derivative of this compound


arsinic acid

arsinic acid (countable and uncountable, plural arsinic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any hydrocarbyl derivative of this acid.


hydrocarbyl

(organic chemistry) Any univalent radical, derived from a hydrocarbon, such as methyl or phenyl.


cycloalkyl

(organic chemistry) Any univalent radical derived from a cycloalkane by removal of an atom of hydrogen


organoheteryl

(organic chemistry) any univalent radical, containing carbon, but which has its free valence at an atom other than carbon


acene

(organic chemistry) Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a rectilinear arrangement of fused benzene rings.


tetracene

tetracene (countable and uncountable, plural tetracenes)

(organic chemistry) A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; the acene containing four fused rings, isomeric with tetraphene; any derivative of this compound.


pentacene

pentacene (countable and uncountable, plural pentacenes)

(organic chemistry) A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; the acene containing five fused rings.


diether

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having two ether functional groups.


geminal diol

(organic chemistry) Any diol in which the two hydroxy functional groups are attached to the same carbon atom.


diol

(organic chemistry) any organic compound having two hydroxy functional groups


acetonide

(organic chemistry) Any cyclic acetal derived from acetone and a diol, especially from a vicinal diol such as a sugar

acetonida

any cyclic acetal derived from acetone and a diol


vicinal diol

(organic chemistry) Any diol in which the two hydroxy functional groups are attached to adjacent carbon atoms.


acetylide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound derived from acetylene or a terminal acetylene by replacing a hydrogen atom with a metal.


terminal acetylene

terminal acetylene (plural terminal acetylenes)

(organic chemistry) Any acetylene (alkyne) having the triple bond attached to a terminal carbon atom; R-CC-H.


acylal

(organic chemistry) Any diester of a geminal diol; R₂C(OCOR')₂.


diester

(organic chemistry) any organic compound containing two ester functional groups


acyl halide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group directly attached to a halogen.


acyl bromide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group directly attached to a bromine atom.


acyl chloride

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group (R-CO-) directly attached to a chlorine atom (R-CO-Cl).


acyl fluoride

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group directly attached to a fluorine atom.


acyl iodide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group directly attached to a iodine atom.


acyloin

(organic chemistry) Any α-hydroxy ketone.


acyloxyl

(organic chemistry) Any univalent radical containing an acyl functional group bonded to an oxygen atom having a free valence on the oxygen atom; RC(=O)O-


alcoholate

water of crystallization
water of crystallization

(obsolete, organic chemistry) A crystalline salt containing alcohol in place of water of crystallization.


alkoxide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound derived from an alcohol by replacement of a hydrogen atom with a metal or other cationic species

alkoksidi

alcohol-derived compound formed by replacing a hydrogen atom with another cationic species


aldaric acid

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of polyhydroxy dicarboxylic acids derived from an aldose by oxidation at both terminal carbon atoms.


polyhydroxy

(organic chemistry) Having three or more hydroxy functional groups.


urushiol

urushiol (countable and uncountable, plural urushiols)

/ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/

From Japanese 漆 (うるし, urushi, “lacquer tree”) + -ol (“oil”).

der

All three produce an oil, called urushiol, that is a potent allergen. Urushiol is most abundant in the leaves and stems of these plants...

Poison ivy vines also contain the irritating oil urushiol, so it is important to be able to recognize them in winter.

1993, Jacquelyn G. Black, Microbiology: principles and applications:

Upon exposure to air, urushiol can turn dark brown, which makes it easier to spot.

2000, C. Franklin Goldsmith, Shannon E. G. Hamrick, H. James Hamrick, The Best Hikes of Pisgah National Forest:

(organic chemistry) An oil found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, causing an allergic skin rash on contact; consists of a variable mixture of several related organic compounds.


urushiol

From Japanese 漆 (うるし, urushi, “lacquer tree”), and the chemical suffix -ol.


iod-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of iodo-; used mainly before a vowel.


nicotinamide

en-noun

nicotinamide (countable and uncountable, plural nicotinamides)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The amide of nicotinic acid (or niacin).

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate


alcoholysis

alcoholysis (countable and uncountable, plural alcoholyses)

(organic chemistry) Solvolysis using an alcohol.


aldazine

(organic chemistry) An azine derived from an aldehyde; general formula RCH=NN=CHR


ketazine

(organic chemistry) An azine derived from a ketone; general formula R₂C=NN=CR₂


aldimine

(organic chemistry) An imine derived from an aldehyde; general formula RCH=NR


ketimine

(organic chemistry) An imine derived from a ketone; general formula R₂C=NR


alditol

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of acyclic polyols formally derived from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl functional group.


polyol

a team at the Ames Research Center in California announced that the Murchison rock also contained complex strings of sugars called polyols, which had not been found off the Earth before.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, published 2003, page 258:

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having multiple hydroxyl functional groups, such as polyhydric alcohols.

-itol

and its derivatives: polyhydric alcohols


aldoketose

(organic chemistry) Synonym of ketoaldose


hemiacetal

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of compounds of general formula R₁R₂C(OH)OR' (where R' is not H and R₁ or R₂ is often hydrogen).


aldonic acid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of polyhydroxy carboxylic acids derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehyde functional group.

ácido aldônico

any of a class of polyhydroxy carboxylic acids


aldose

The saccharides include such substances as dextrose and levulose, which are typical examples of the two classes into which these bodies are divisible, viz. the Aldoses and Ketoses.

1895, Richard Lloyd Whiteley, chapter XXXV, in Organic Chemistry: The Fatty Compounds, London, New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 263:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a class of monosaccharides having an aldehyde or hemiacetal functional group.


aldose

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) aldose (any of a class of monosaccharides)


aldoxime

(organic chemistry) Any oxime derived from an aldehyde; general formula RCH=NOH


ketoxime

(organic chemistry) Any oxime derived from a ketone; general formula R₂C=NOH


oxime

In contrast, a water-repellent substance, for example, fluoric resin or Teflon, is extremely nonaffinitive with the oily oxime hydrochlorides and has a nature to repel it.

1969, B. Albertson, Photochemical Processes, page 84:

Treatment for novichok exposure would be the same as for other nerve agents, with atropine, diazepam and drugs called oximes.

2018 March 13, Ian Sample, The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds, of general formula RR'C=NOH, derived from the condensation of an aldehyde (R' = H) or ketone with hydroxylamine.


alkanium ion

(organic chemistry) Any carbocation obtained by hydrogenation of an alkane.


alkanium

(organic chemistry) any carbocation obtained by hydrogenation of an alkane


bridged carbocation

bridged carbocation (plural bridged carbocations)

(organic chemistry) Any carbenium ion in which the positive charge is distributed among two or more carbon atoms, and the structure is best represented by one in which a hydrogen atom, or hydrocarbon residue, bridges these carbon atoms.


carbonium ion

(organic chemistry) a carbenium ion or any carbocation


alkylene

(obsolete, organic chemistry) An alkene.

(obsolete, organic chemistry) An alkanediyl functional group, especially one having the free valencies of adjacent carbon atoms.


alkanediyl

(organic chemistry) Any of a series of divalent radicals of the general formula CₙH₂ₙ derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons. Unless specified otherwise, such alkanediyls include substituted alkanediyls.


alkylidene

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of divalent functional groups derived from an alkane by removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom, the free valencies being part of a double bond - R₂C=

alquilideno

functional group derived from an alkane by removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom


alkylidyne

(organic chemistry) Any carbene, of general formula RC^.:, having a univalent carbon atom.


carbene

(organic chemistry) Any short-lived, reactive species R₂C:, especially the parent compound CH₂: (also called methylene).


allene

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of hydrocarbons having two double bonds from one carbon atom to two others - R₂C=C=CR₂; especially the parent compound CH₂=C=CH₂ (propadiene).

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of such hydrocarbons.


propadiene

(organic chemistry) the simplest allene, CH₂=C=CH₂


cumulene

(organic chemistry) Any hydrocarbon (or derivative) having three or more cumulative double bonds; e.g., R₂C=C=C=CR₂.


heterocumulene

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from a cumulene by replacing one or more carbon atoms of the cumulative bond system by another atom e.g. O=C=C=C=O


heteroallene

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from an allene by replacing one or more carbon atoms of the cumulative bond system by another atom e.g. O=C=O (carbon dioxide) or CH₂=C=O (ketene).


amic acid

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound that has both a carboxylic acid and an amide functional group.


amide hydrazone

amide hydrazone (plural amide hydrazones)


amidrazone

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of nitrogen derivatives of carboxylic acids having a tautomeric structure represented by the general formulas RC(=NH)NHNH₂ and RC(NH₂)=NNH₂


amidine

i.e RₙX(=O)OH => RₙX(=NR)NR₂ where X is C, S, P etc

(organic chemistry) any of several classes of organic compound, formally derived from oxoacids by replacement of the hydroxy group with an amino group, and the oxo group with =NR

амидин

an organic compound derived from oxoacids


aminal

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having two amino functional groups attached to the same carbon atom - R₂C(NR₂)₂

amine

organic compound with two amino groups on the same carbon atom


geminal diamine

geminal diamine (plural geminal diamines)


hemiaminal

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having both an amino and a hydroxy functional group attached to the same carbon atom; they are synthesized by reacting ammonia or an amine with an aldehyde or ketone.

hémiaminal

organic compound with an amino and a hydroxy group on the same carbon atom


gallate

From gall(ium) + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of gallic acid.


amine oxide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound formed by addition of an oxygen atom to an amine - R₃N⁺-O⁻, but sometimes written R₃N=O.


gallic acid

trihydroxybenzoic acid
trihydroxybenzoic acid

(organic chemistry) a phenolic carboxylic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in galls, tea, the bark of some trees etc; a constituent of tannin


ylide

From the resonance structure between the covalent form (-yl, where the carbanion exists as a methylidenyl group) and the ionic form (-ide, as in methanide).

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound in which two adjacent atoms are connected by both a covalent and an ionic bond; normally written X⁺–Y⁻


amine imide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds formally derived from an amine and a nitrene - R₃N⁺-N⁻R


nitrene

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound, the univalent nitrogen equivalent of a carbene, having general formula RN:


isodiazene

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic nitrogen compounds, related to carbenes, whose structure can be represented as R₂NN: <=> R₂N⁺=N⁻.


amino sugar

(organic chemistry) any monosaccharide in which a single hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino group


aminoxide

(organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry) the anion H₂NO⁻, and its derivatives R₂NO⁻, formed from hydroxylamines by loss of a proton

aminóxido

anion formed from hydroxylamines by loss of a proton


azene

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of compounds of nitrogen and hydrogen that have -N=N- double bonds


ammonium ylide

(organic chemistry) Any dipolar organic compound of general formula R₃N⁺-C⁻R₂


anilide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound derived from an oxoacid by replacement of a hydroxyl group by an aniline residue; an amide of aniline.

(organic chemistry) Any compound in which one of the nitrogen-bound protons of aniline is replaced by a metal or other cation.


anil

anil (countable and uncountable, plural anils)

→ Irish: anail

From Middle French anil, Portuguese anil.

(organic chemistry) Any imine in which the N-radical is a phenyl (or substituted phenyl) group.

(organic chemistry) 1,4-Benzoquinones including chloranil, DDQ, bromanil, & cyanil.


annulene

(organic chemistry) Any monocyclic hydrocarbon, of general formula CₙHₙ (where n is even), or CₙHₙ₊₁ (where n is odd).


mancude-ring system

mancude-ring system (plural mancude-ring systems)

Shortened from MAximum number of NonCUmulative DoublE bonds.

(rare, organic chemistry) Any organic compound, in the form of a ring, that has the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds; e.g. benzene or indole.


annulenylidene

(organic chemistry) Any carbene derived from an odd-numbered annulene by conversion of the CH₂ group to C:


anomer

(organic chemistry) Any diastereoisomer of a sugar or derivative differing in configuration only at C-1 of an aldose or C-2 of a ketose.


ansa compound

(organic chemistry) Any cyclophane in which the para positions of a benzene ring are connected by a bridge of at least 10 atoms.


anthocyanidin

(organic chemistry) An aglycone of an anthocyanin.


antiaromatic

(organic chemistry) Describing a cyclic compound having an even number of alternating single and double bonds, e.g. cyclobutadiene.

antiaromático

of a cyclic compound: having an even number of alternating single single and double bonds


antiaromaticity

(organic chemistry) The state of being antiaromatic.


arene epoxide

(organic chemistry) Any epoxide formally derived from an arene by the addition of an oxygen atom to a double bond.


arene

(organic chemistry) Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


arenium ion

(organic chemistry) Any cation formed by the addition of a proton or other cationic species to an arene.


diarsine

(organic chemistry) any organic derivative of diarsane


arsanylidene

(organic chemistry) the arsenic analogue of a carbene R-As:


arsanylium ion

(organic chemistry) any organic derivative of this cation


arsine oxide

arsine oxide (countable and uncountable, plural arsine oxides)

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) The derivative of arsine H₃As=O, or its organic derivatives.


arsinous acid

(organic chemistry) Any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives.


arsonic acid

(organic chemistry) any hydrocarbyl derivative of this compound


arsonium compound

arsonium compound (plural arsonium compounds)

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Any compound containing a cation of general formula R₄As⁺; the arsenic analog of quaternary ammonium compounds.


arsonous acid

(organic chemistry) any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives


aryne

(organic chemistry) Any hydrocarbon, normally a transient species, derived from an arene by removal of two hydrogen atoms from adjacent carbon atoms, and thus possessing a formal triple bond; the simplest is benzyne


azine

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds, having the general formula R₂C=NN=CR₂, produced by the action of a carbonyl compound with hydrazine.

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom as part of the ring structure, particularly those with six-membered aromatic rings (e.g., pyridine) or fused-ring systems.


azinic acid

(organic chemistry) Any organic derivative of H₂N⁺O⁻OH, especially the alkylidene derivatives R₂C=N⁺O⁻OH - the nitronic acids.


azlactone

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds formed by the cyclization of N-acyl-α-amino acids; they are five-membered heterocycles containing both a nitrogen and oxygen atom in the ring, with the oxygen adjacent to a carbonyl.


cyclization

cyclization (countable and uncountable, plural cyclizations)

cyclizations (plural)
cyclisation (alternative)

The dehydrogenation reactions may involve isomerization and cyclization as well as the formation of olefins and unsaturated compounds generally.

1936, Aristid V. Grosse, "Dehydrogenation of Hydrocarbons", US Patent 2148129 http://www.google.com/patents?id=leFGAAAAEBAJ, page 1

(organic chemistry) The process of cyclizing, of becoming or causing to become aromatic.


azomethine

(organic chemistry) any of a class of organic compounds of general formula RN=CR'₂, especially the parent compound in which R' is H


azonic acid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds of general formula RN⁺(O⁻)(OH)₂


formico

it-adj

formico (feminine formica, masculine plural formici, feminine plural formiche)

formica (feminine)
formici (masculine plural)
formiche (feminine plural)


benzenium ion

(organic chemistry) Any arenium ion derived from benzene or its derivatives.


benzenonium ion

en-noun

benzenonium ion (plural benzenonium ions)

(obsolete, organic chemistry) A benzenium ion.


benzylic

(organic chemistry) containing the benzyl (C₆H₅-CH₂-) radical or any of its derivatives


betaine

betaine (countable and uncountable, plural betaines)

From New Latin, from Latin bēta (“beet”) + -ine.

(uncountable, organic chemistry) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH₃)₃N⁺CH₂COO⁻

(countable, organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.

(countable, organic chemistry, by extension) Any similar compound, based on sulfur or phosphorus etc, having an onium ion with no hydrogen atom adjacent to the anionic atom.


metan

is-noun

metan n (genitive singular metans, no plural)

metans (genitive singular)
metan (indefinite nominative singular)
metanið (definite nominative singular)
metan (accusative indefinite singular)
metanið (accusative definite singular)
metani (dative indefinite singular)
metaninu (dative definite singular)
metans (genitive indefinite singular)
metansins (definite genitive singular)

Borrowed from French méthane and German Methan.


iodonium

en-noun

iodonium (countable and uncountable, plural iodoniums)

(organic chemistry) Any organic derivative of this cation


sulfonium

sulfonium (countable and uncountable, plural sulfoniums)

sulfoniums (plural)
sulphonium (alternative)

(organic chemistry) any derivative of this cation in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic radicals


betweenane

(organic chemistry) Any bicyclic alkene having a double bond, each trans position of which is joined by a chain of carbon atoms.


bismuthine

(organic chemistry) any hydrocarbyl derivative of bismuthane


bisphenol

Researchers analysed samples of nurdles and burnt lumps of plastic from four Sri Lankan beaches for heavy metals and various chemicals, including benzotriazole UV-stabilisers, which are used to prevent discoloration in plastics, bisphenols and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

2022 February 9, Karen McVeigh, “‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ”, in The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, retrieved 2022-02-11, Seascape: the state of our oceans:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds, derived from methylenediphenol, CH₂(C₆H₄OH)₂, formed by the condensation of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone.


block macromolecule

block macromolecule (plural block macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) any macromolecule composed of a linear sequence of blocks


block polymer

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A polymer which is a block macromolecule.


boranylidene

(organic chemistry) Any molecular species of general formula RB:; the boron analogue of carbenes.


borinic acid

borinic acid (countable and uncountable, plural borinic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any compound of general formula R₂BOH.


bromohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any halohydrin in which the halogen is bromine.


chlorohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any halohydrin in which the halogen is chlorine.


fluorohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any halohydrin in which the halogen is fluorine.


iodohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any halohydrin in which the halogen is iodine.


chloronium ion

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) any halonium ion in which the halogen is chlorine


heteroaromatic

(organic chemistry) having the characteristics of an aromatic compound whilst having at least one non-carbon atom in the ring


heteroaromatic

(organic chemistry) Any aromatic heterocycle


cage compound

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) any polycyclic compound having the form of a cage


carbanion

(organic chemistry) any organic anion of general formula R₃C⁻


carbene analogue

carbene analogue (plural carbene analogues)

(organic chemistry) Any of several hydrides having a similar structure to that of carbene.


carbenoid

en-adj

carbenoid (comparative more carbenoid, superlative most carbenoid)

more carbenoid (comparative)
most carbenoid (superlative)

(organic chemistry) characteristic of a carbene


carbenoid

The combination of an electron-withdrawing (EWG) and an electrondonating substituent (EDG) on the carbenoid appears to be the crucial requirement for high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity when the rhodium(II) prolinate system is used.

Aldrichimica Acta Volume 30 No 4 (pdf) from Sigma-Aldrich (referring to a carbon atom with a diazo group, which departs as nitrogen leaving a carbene that reacts with another reagent)

(organic chemistry) any molecular entity having the characteristics of a carbene or acting as a source of carbenes


carbinol

en-noun

carbinol (usually uncountable, plural carbinols)

→ Polish: karbinol

(obsolete, organic chemistry, uncountable) The compound methanol.

(obsolete, organic chemistry, countable) Any substituted methanol.


carbodiimide

(organic chemistry) the compound HN=C=NH, or any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives


carboxamide

(organic chemistry) Any amide of a carboxylic acid - RC(=O)NR₂.


carboxamidine

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula RC(=NR)NR₂


carbylamine

(obsolete, organic chemistry) an isocyanide


isocyanide

(organic chemistry) The isomer HN⁺C⁻ of hydrocyanic acid HCN.

(organic chemistry) Any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC.


catenane

(organic chemistry) Any compound, especially a hydrocarbon, having two or more rings interconnected like the links of a chain, without a covalent bond.


cepham

(organic chemistry) one of a class of antibiotics, including the cephalosporins, that contain a bicyclic heterocyclic structure - 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-8-one


chalcone

chalcone (countable and uncountable, plural chalcones)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) The compound 1,3-diphenylpropenone (PhCH=CHCOPh); Ph = phenyl.

(organic chemistry, countable) Any derivative of this compound.


corrinoid

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three -CH= groups and one direct bond.


corrin

But the result showed unequivocally that the vitamin contained a ring system unlike any that had been seen before (it was later given the name ‘corrin’).

1998, Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life:

(organic chemistry) A molecular species that contains four reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three -CH= groups and one direct bond; central to the cobalt-containing vitamin cobalamin.


coumarin

coumarin (countable and uncountable, plural coumarins)

From coumarou (“tonka bean, Dipteryx odorata (syn. Coumarouna odorata)”) + -in.

af

The postulated mechanism for the reaction of coumarin 4 as an antioxidant, as indicated in Fig 3, relies on the mercapto hydrogen atom (bold), which is under the influence of resonance and inductive effects.

2015 July 6, “Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Activity of Novel Coumarins Synthesized Using Different Approaches”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The bicyclic aromatic compound 1,2-benzopyrone or any of its derivatives.


cresol

From creosote + -ol, from Ancient Greek κρέας (kréas, “flesh”) + σωτήρ (sōtḗr, “preserver”).

(organic chemistry) Any of the three isomeric phenols derived from toluene: ortho-, meta- or para-methylphenol.

kresoli

either of the three isomeric phenols derived from toluene


cyanohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any compound having both a hydroxy and a cyanide functional group, especially one having these groups attached to the same carbon atom


cyclitol

(organic chemistry) Any hydroxylated cycloalkane having at least three hydroxy groups attached to different carbon atoms.


urat

Borrowed from Dutch uraat (“urate”), from English urate.

(organic chemistry) urate: any salt of uric acid.


dendrimer

(organic chemistry) Any polymer or oligomer having multiple branches of atoms strung off a central spine.


carbosilane

(organic chemistry) any compound containing carbon-to-silicon covalent bonds, especially one having the branched polymeric structure of a dendrimer


dehydroarene

(organic chemistry) any transient species formally derived by abstraction of two hydrogen atoms from each of two rings of an arene


benzyne

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of benzene formally produced by abstraction of two hydrogen atoms, especially one produced by abstraction from neighboring atoms to produce a formal triple bond.


depside

(organic chemistry) any of a class of polymeric esters formed from phenolic benzoic acids, especially such compounds found in lichen


depsipeptide

For example, the antitumour depsipeptide kahalalide F was isolated from the opisthobranch mollusc Elysia rufescens, and is used by both the mollusc and its dietary alga Bryopsis spp.

2016 January 21, “Choose Your Weaponry: Selective Storage of a Single Toxic Compound, Latrunculin A, by Closely Related Nudibranch Molluscs”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) any of a class of polymeric compounds having both peptide and ester linkages, often alternating.


deuteride

From deutero- + -ide. From deuterium, from Ancient Greek δεύτερος (deúteros, “second”).

der

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Any hydride in which normal hydrogen is replaced by deuterium.


diacylamine

(organic chemistry) any compound having two acyl groups attached to an ammonia of primary amine residue; a secondary amide or imide


diamidide

(organic chemistry) any of a class of compounds formally derived from acid anhydrides by replacement of =O with =NR, and -O- with -NR-


diazoamino

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) the functional group -N=N-N<


diazoamino compound

en-noun

diazoamino compound (plural diazoamino compounds)

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula RN=N-NR₂ where not all R = H


diazo compound

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula R₂C=N⁺=N⁻


diazomethane

diazomethane (countable and uncountable, plural diazomethanes)

gas-liquid chromatography
gas-liquid chromatography

(organic chemistry) the simplest diazo compound, CH₂=N⁺=N⁻; a toxic, yellow, explosive gas; used in analytical chemistry to convert carboxylic acids into their methyl esters for analysis via gas-liquid chromatography


diazonium salt

(organic chemistry) a diazonium compound


diazonium compound

diazonium compound (plural diazonium compounds)

(organic chemistry) any compound having the general formula R-N₂⁺ X⁻, especially one in which R is an aryl residue; they are important as intermediates in the production of azo dyes


diosphenol

(organic chemistry) any of a class of cyclic α-diketones which exist as enols


diketone

(organic chemistry) any compound having two neighbouring ketonic carbonyl groups


ketonic

(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a ketone.


aldehydic

en-adj

aldehydic (not generally comparable, comparative more aldehydic, superlative most aldehydic)

more aldehydic (comparative)
most aldehydic (superlative)

The 2-deoxy derivatives were known to be more aldehydic in character and this was reflected in the higher M_G values.

1957, Charles Edward Clapp, High Molecular Weight Water-Soluble Muck, page 13:

Here the characteristic aldehydic note is almost missing from the aldehyde, though this may be due partly to the protective influence of the side chain.

1994, Robert R. Calkin, J. Stephan Jellinek, Perfumery: Practice and Principles, page 217:

The aldehydic top notes contain suggestions of bergamot, lemon, peach and coriander and give way to a heart based principally on rose, jasmine and orris.

1997, N. Groom, editor, New Perfume Handbook, page 188:

(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or being an aldehyde; having the character of an aldehyde.