dioxin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dioxin.wav

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From di- (prefix meaning ‘double; two’) + ox(ygen) + -in (suffix indicating a neutral chemical compound), a reference to the fact that the compound has two oxygen atoms.

二噁英 /二𫫇英

any of a broad range of toxic or carcinogenic halogenated polycyclic compounds

Dioxin is a specific organic unsaturated non-antiaromatic six-membered ring compound with a chemical formula of C4H4O2. However, the term dioxin is used generically by most authorities to include chlorinated dioxins with furans and many derivative compounds as a complex of at least 75 ubiquitous and environmentally persistent organochlorine compounds, of variable toxicity.

2011, Peter Stride, “Limited Bio-diversity and Other Defects of the Immune System in the Inhabitants of the Islands of St Kilda, Scotland”, in Oscar Grillo, Gianfranco Venora, editors, Biodiversity Loss in a Changing Planet, Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, →ISBN, section 11 (Dioxin), page 236:

(countable, organic chemistry) The unsaturated six-membered heterocycle having four carbon atoms, two oxygen atoms, and two double bonds (molecular formula C₄H₄O₂); 1,2-dioxin and 1,4-dioxin.

Dioxins are not a single chemical. They are a family of chemicals that contain two benzene rings connected by a pair of oxygen molecules. When chlorine atoms are connected to the benzene rings, we have a chlorinated dioxin. The particular chlorinated dioxin of greatest interest and concern is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (generally abbreviated TCDD).

1992, Ronald E. Gots, “Dioxins and Agent Orange”, in Toxic Risks: Science, Regulation, and Perception, Boca Raton, Fla., London: Lewis Publishers, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 173:

(countable, organic chemistry) The parent compound dibenzo-1,4-dioxin or dibenzo-p-dioxin (molecular formula C₁₂H₈O₂), in which two benzene rings are connected through two oxygen atoms; dibenzodioxin, oxanthrene.

The detection of dioxin (specifically, the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin TCDD) in 2,4,5-T raised the question whether dioxin might be present in other herbicides.

1974 May, Hazardous Materials Advisory Committee, “Chemistry and Analysis”, in Herbicide Report: Chemistry and Analysis, Environmental Effects, Agricultural and Other Applied Uses (EPA-SAB; 74-001), Washington, D.C.: Science Advisory Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, →OCLC, page 17:

Poisonous residues carelessly treated today can produce calamities miles away and decades later. One example is dioxin, a waste left behind in factories after the production of hexachlorophene, a potent antiseptic. Dioxins are lethal, capable of killing people in concentrations as diluted as one part in a million. Oils containing discarded dioxins have been sprayed on horse farms in Missouri to control dust. Horses subsequently died.

1986, Benjamin Walter, Malcolm Getz, “Social and Economic Effects of Toxic Waste Disposal”, in Sheldon Kamieniecki, Robert O’Brien, Michael Clarke, editors, Controversies in Environmental Policy (SUNY Series in Environmental Public Policy), State University of New York Press, →ISBN, page 223:

Dioxins are polychlorinated isomers that form as by-products either during combustion of waste products or afterward in the incinerator stack. They include dibenzo-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). 2,3,7,8-TCDD is one of the extremely carcinogenic groups of dioxin compounds. A risk of exposure to humans occurs once dioxin compounds are released from the stack of the incinerator and are transported by the wind elsewhere.

1992, Merrie G. Klapp, “Bargaining with Uncertainty”, in Bargaining with Uncertainty: Decision-making in Public Health, Technological Safety, and Environmental Quality, Westport, Conn.: Auburn House, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 12:

[page 6] Dioxins in food and the environment hae been intensively studied over the past twenty years [...]. The term ‘dioxins’ has come to be used for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and in some cases also polychlorinated dibenzofurans. [...] [page 7] The sources of food contamination with dioxins are now known to be many more than was originally asserted when claims were made that incinerators were the main source of dioxins in the environment. Indeed known sources of dioxins now include vehicle exhausts, domestic coal fires, manufacture and use of organic chemicals, and metallurgical processors.

2001, D[avid] Waston, “Introduction”, in David H. Watson, editor, Food Chemical Safety (Woodhead Publishing in Food Science and Technology), volume 1 (Contaminants), Abington, Cambridgeshire: Woodhead Publishing; Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, published 2005, →ISBN, section 1.4 (Persistent Environmental Chemicals), pages 6 and 7:

EPA [the Environmental Protection Agency] characterizes 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a Human Carcinogen based on weight of evidence and characterizes other dioxins, furans, and PCBs [polychlorinated biphenyls] as Likely Human Carcinogens. The toxicity of all of the dioxin, furan, and PCB congeners considered in this analysis is based on the toxicity of the most highly characterized congener, 2,3,7,8-TCDD [...].

2002 May, Center for Environmental Analysis, RTI, “Hazard Identification/Dose-response Assessment”, in Exposure Analysis for Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and CoPlanar Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sewage Sludge: Technical Background Document: Draft, Washington, D.C.: Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, →OCLC, page 2-1:

(countable, organic chemistry) Any of a broad range of toxic or carcinogenic halogenated polycyclic compounds that occur as byproducts of herbicides.

The 2,4,5-T used by Courtney and co-workers [...] was contaminated with approximately 30 ppm of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin). [...] The present work describes the results of our teratogenic studies on hamsters with samples of 2,4,5-T containing varying amounts of dioxin and with samples of 2,4-D from different manufacturers.

1971 November–December, T. F. X. Collins, C. H. Williams, “Teratogenic Studies with 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D in the Hamster”, in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, volume 6, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →OCLC, →PMID, page 559; reprinted in Selected Technical Publications: July–December 1971, Washington, D.C.: Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1971, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 163:

When manufacture of 2,4,5-T is controlled carefully, dioxin contamination is less than 1 ppm. Dioxin was identified in 1962 as the culprit of damage and death in 1957 of uncounted numbers of chicks. Dioxin produces neurological disturbances and is teratogenic.

1973 September, James Edward Huff, John S. Wassom, “Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans”, in Douglas H. K. Lee, Hans L. Falk, editors, Environmental Health Perspectives (DHEW Publication; no. (NIH) 74-218), experimental issue number 5, Research Triangle Park, N.C.: National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, →OCLC, page 307, column 1:

Dioxin—2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)—is not manufactured commercially but is present as an impurity in 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP). Minute traces may be present in the herbicide 2,4,5-T and in the antibacterial agent hexachlorophene, which are produced from trichlorophenol.

1998, “Guide to Chemicals”, in Jeanne Mager Stellman, editor, Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 4th edition, volume IV, Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, →ISBN, section 104.286 (Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Aromatic), page 287, column 2:

Dioxin or TCDD is a chemical contaminant that occurs as chlorine byproduct of the paper bleaching manufacturing process. Although it is useless on its own, dioxin is a common environmental contaminant. Dioxin was also released as a contaminant of the pesticide Agent Orange, which was used as a defoliant by U.S. forces in Vietnam. The highest concentrations of dioxin result from the incineration of medical waste.

2002, Elaine A. Moore, “Environmental Triggers of Autoimmune Disease”, in Autoimmune Diseases and Their Environmental Triggers, Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, page 82:

(uncountable, specifically, loosely) The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; molecular formula C₁₂H₄Cl₄O₂), a persistent organic pollutant of the environment which is generally produced as a byproduct of organic synthesis or when organic materials are burned.


dipyrrin

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing two pyrrole rings fused via a methine (-C=) group.


methine

(organic chemistry) The tervalent functional group, -CH=, having one single bond and one double bond


diterpenoid

From di- + terpenoid or diterpene + -oid.

(organic chemistry) a terpenoid having a C₂₀ skeleton


diterpenoid

(organic chemistry) of or relating to a diterpene or diterpenoid


terpenoid

(organic chemistry) A very large class of naturally occurring and synthetic organic compounds formally derived from the hydrocarbon isoprene; they include many volatile compounds used in perfume and food flavors, turpentine, the steroids, the carotene pigments and rubber.


monoterpenoid

(organic chemistry) a terpenoid having a C₁₀ skeleton


sesterterpenoid

(organic chemistry) a terpenoid having a C₂₅ skeleton


sesterterpenoid

(organic chemistry) of, or relating to a sesterterpene or sesterterpenoid


enolate

(organic chemistry) any metal salt of the enol form of a tautomeric aldehyde or ketone


fluorescein

fluoresceins (plural)
fluoresceine (alternative)

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of yellow xanthene dyes which are visible when highly diluted; used forensically to detect traces of blood, and in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations

fluorescéine

any of a class of yellow xanthene dyes which are visible when highly diluted


fulvene

(organic chemistry) the hydrocarbon methylenecyclopentadiene or any of its derivatives

(organic chemistry) any heterocyclic analogue of these compounds


furocoumarin

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound composed of a coumarin fused to a furan, but especially any derivative of the psoralen skeleton or its angular isomer angelicin


glycaric acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) any aldaric acid


glyconic acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) any aldonic acid


uronic acid

(organic chemistry) Any carboxylic acid formed by oxidation of the terminal -CH₂OH of an aldose


graphene

(organic chemistry) Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having the structure of part of a layer of graphite.


heteroatom

(organic chemistry) Any atom which is not carbon or hydrogen.

(organic chemistry) Any atom in a heterocyclic ring (or other structure normally built of carbon atoms) that is not a carbon atom.


hydrazone

(organic chemistry) Any compound, of general formula R₂C=NNR₂, formally derived from an aldehyde or ketone by replacing the carbonyl group with =NNH₂ or derivative.


mannitol

en-noun

mannitol (countable and uncountable, plural mannitols)

From earlier mannite (from manna + -ite) + -ol. By surface analysis, mann(ose) + -itol.

artificial sweetener
artificial sweetener

(organic chemistry) A polyhydric alcohol, an isomer of sorbitol, found in nature and also manufactured for use in various applications (for example, as an artificial sweetener and as a medication for various indications).


hydroperoxide

(organic chemistry) any mono-substituted derivative of hydrogen peroxide - ROOH


imino acid

(organic chemistry) Any carboxylic acid having an imino substituent.


iridoid

(organic chemistry) any cyclic monoterpenoid based on 1-isopropyl-2,3-dimethylcyclopentane


isonitroso compound

isonitroso compound (plural isonitroso compounds)

(obsolete, organic chemistry) Synonym of oxime


isoprenoid

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from one or more isoprene units.


isourea

(organic chemistry) The imidic acid tautomer of urea H₂NC(=NH)OH and any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives.


ketal

(organic chemistry) Any acetal derived from a ketone


macrolide

(organic chemistry) a macrocyclic lactone with a ring of at least ten atoms


thioacetal

(organic chemistry) either a monothioacetal or a dithioacetal


monothioacetal

(organic chemistry) a thioacetal having general formula R₂C(OR')(SR')


dithioacetal

(organic chemistry) a thioacetal having general formula R₂C(SR')₂


mucopolysaccharide

(organic chemistry) Any polysaccharide consisting of alternating units of uronic acids and glycosamines, sometimes esterified with sulfuric acid.


naphthene

(organic chemistry) Any cycloalkane (or alkyl derivative).


nitrolic acid

(organic chemistry) any compound having the general formula RC(=NOH)NO₂


nor-

(organic chemistry) A compound derived from another by removal of a radical, especially by removal of methyl or methylene.


osazone

(organic chemistry) any glycoside of an aldose or 2-ketose formed by reaction with excess of an aryl-hydrazine


triazole

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric heterocyclic compounds having a five-membered ring with three nitrogen atoms and two double bonds in the ring; any organic derivative of these compounds.


phosphoglyceride

(organic chemistry) a phosphatide combined with a small, basic molecule (such as choline or ethanolamine); a phospholipid


alkoxy

(organic chemistry) any univalent radical R-O-, or anion R-O⁻, where R is an alkyl group


phthalein

(organic chemistry) Any of a range of lactones formed by the reaction of phenols with phthalic anhydride.


pinacol

From Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax, “tablet”) + -ol. Actualized from pinacone.

(organic chemistry) any tetra-substituted derivative of ethylene glycol, of general formula R₂C(OH)-C(OH)R₂, especially the simplest example where R is methyl


prismane

(organic chemistry) a polycyclic hydrocarbon, C₆H₆, having the shape of a regular triangular prism; any derivative of this compound


prenol

(organic chemistry) Any alcohol composed of multiple isoprene units; they are the biogenetic precursors of the isoprenoids


prostanoic acid

(organic chemistry) a C₂₀ fatty acid, containing a cyclopentane ring, that is the basis of the prostaglandins


decane

decane (countable and uncountable, plural decanes)

(organic chemistry) Any of the 75 isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C₁₀H₂₂


eicosane

A IUPAC nomenclature, from eicos- (“twenty”) + -ane (“alkane suffix”).

confix

(organic chemistry) Any of the 366,319 isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C₂₀H₄₂, but especially n-eicosane CH₃(CH₂)₁₈CH₃.


organophosphorus

(organic chemistry) describing any of a series of derivatives of phosphorus that have at least one alkyl or aryl group, especially one containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond


organoselenium

(organic chemistry) describing any of a series of derivatives of selenium that have at least one alkyl or aryl group, especially one containing at least one carbon-selenium bond


organosulfur

organosulfurs (plural)
organosulphur (alternative)

(organic chemistry) Any such organic compound.


tetrahydrofuran

en-noun

tetrahydrofuran (countable and uncountable, plural tetrahydrofurans)

(organic chemistry) A heterocyclic ether having a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen; it is a colourless liquid with an ether-like smell, and is used as a polar solvent.


stearate

From stearic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of stearic acid.


oleate

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-oleate.wav

From oleic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of oleic acid.


prostanoid

(organic chemistry) Any of the prostaglandins and related compounds


carbocyclic

(organic chemistry) describing a ring, all of whose atoms are carbon


quinonoid

(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or having the structure of a quinone


quinonoid

(organic chemistry) Any compound that resembles a quinone but in which the >C=O groups are replaced by carbon-to-carbon double bonds


quinomethane

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from a quinone by replacing either or both of the quinone oxygens with a methylidene group.


methylidene

(organic chemistry) The CH₂= group in which the free valences are part of a double bond.


selenol

(organic chemistry) any compound, of general formula RSeH, the selenium analogues of alcohols


selenoaldehyde

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula RCH=Se, the selenium analogs of aldehydes


semioxamazone

(organic chemistry) any of the condensation products of an aldehyde or ketone with semioxamazide; they have general formula R₂C=NNHC(=O)C(=O)NH₂


semioxamazide

(organic chemistry) The hydrazide of oxamic acid, H₂NNHC(=O)C(=O)NH₂.


oxamic acid

oxamic acid (countable and uncountable, plural oxamic acids)

(organic chemistry) The monoamide of oxalic acid H₂NC(=O)C(=O)OH; any derivative of this compound


silanol

(organic chemistry) any hydroxy derivative of a silane, especially hydrocarbyl derivatives R₃SiOH; an organosilanol


ammonium phosphatide

ammonium phosphatide (plural ammonium phosphatides)

(organic chemistry) Any ammonium salt of a phosphorylated glyceride; normally manufactured from rapeseed oil, it is used as a food additive especially in chocolate.


spiro compound

(organic chemistry) Any polycyclic compound having a single atom (usually carbon) as the only common member of two rings.


stannylidene

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) The tin analog of a carbene R₂Sn:


star macromolecule

star macromolecule (plural star macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A macromolecule having a single branch point from which linear chains (or arms) emanate.


regular star macromolecule

regular star macromolecule (plural regular star macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) a star macromolecule having identical arms


variegated star macromolecule

variegated star macromolecule (plural variegated star macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A star macromolecule having arms composed of different types or numbers of monomers.


styphnate

From styphnic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

The microdetonators, manufactured commercially, utilize a material that includes lead styphnate. This detonator is readily ignited by laser energy but is relatively insensitive to other stimuli.

1981, NASA Tech Briefs, volume 6, page 24:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of styphnic acid.


tetramethylammonium auride

tetramethylammonium auride (plural tetramethylammonium aurides)

(organic chemistry) A transparent, crystalline compound, (CH₃)₄N⁺Au⁻, obtained by an ion exchange reaction of caesium auride in liquid ammonia.


sulfamic acid

(organic chemistry) Any N-hydrocarbyl derivative of this substance


sphingoid

(organic chemistry) Derived from, or similar in structure to, sphingosine.


sphingoid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of long-chain aliphatic amino alcohols related to sphingosine.


sulfenic acid

sulfenic acids (plural)
sulphenic acid (alternative)

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula RSOH


sulfinamidine

sulfinamidines (plural)
sulphinamidine (alternative)

(organic chemistry) any amidine of a sulfinic acid RS(=NR')NR''₂


sulfine

sulfines (plural)
sulphine (alternative)

(organic chemistry) Any S-oxide of a thioaldehyde or thioketone R₂C=S=O


sulfinic acid

sulfinic acids (plural)
sulphinic acid (alternative)

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) The compound HS(=O)OH, and any of its S-hydrocarbyl derivatives


sulfoxide

sulfoxides (plural)
sulphoxide (alternative)

(organic chemistry) Any compound of general formula R₂S=O.


thioaldehyde

(organic chemistry) any analogue of an aldehyde, of general formula RC(=S)H, in which the oxygen has been replaced by sulfur


propylene glycol

propylene glycol (countable and uncountable, plural propylene glycols)

(countable, organic chemistry) propandiol, any propane chain with two alcohol functional groups attached


thiohemiacetal

(organic chemistry) any compound, of general formula R₂C(SR')OH, R₂C(OR')SH or R₂C(SR')SH, derived from a hemiacetal by replacing oxygen with sulfur


dithiohemiacetal

(organic chemistry) any compound, of general formula R₂C(SR')SH, derived from a hemiacetal by replacing both oxygens with sulfur


monothiohemiacetal

(organic chemistry) any compound, of general formula R₂C(SR')OH or R₂C(OR')SH derived from a hemiacetal by replacing one oxygen with sulfur


tropolone

(organic chemistry) any hydroxy-substituted cycloheptatrienone


tropone

(organic chemistry) any derivative of cycloheptatrienone


tropylium

tropylium (usually uncountable, plural tropyliums)

(organic chemistry) The delocalized carbenium ion cycloheptatrienylium, C₇H₇⁺, derived from cycloheptatriene, or any of its derivatives.


ulosonic acid

ulosonic acid (countable and uncountable, plural ulosonic acids)


ketoaldonic acid

ketoaldonic acid (plural ketoaldonic acids)

(organic chemistry) any monosaccharide, having both a keto group and a carboxylic acid group, that is in equilibrium with a hemiacetal structure


keto

(organic chemistry) The carbonyl group of a ketone.


acylation

(organic chemistry) The process of adding an acyl group to a compound.

acilació

the process of adding an acyl to a compound


ynamine

(organic chemistry) Any disubstituted compound having an amino group attached to an acetylene group


carbossilico

it-adj

carbossilico (feminine carbossilica, masculine plural carbossilici, feminine plural carbossiliche)

carbossilica (feminine)
carbossilici (masculine plural)
carbossiliche (feminine plural)


fenolo

(organic chemistry) a phenol (member of chemical class)


lithium acetate

(organic chemistry) the lithium salt of acetic acid; used as a buffer in electrophoresis


lithium carbonate

(organic chemistry) The lithium salt of carbonic acid, Li₂CO₃, used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and medically, in the treatment of bipolar disorder.


lithium citrate

(organic chemistry) The lithium salt of citric acid, sometimes used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.


lithium diisopropylamide

(organic chemistry) A strong base, used in organic chemistry to synthesise carbanions.


beta carbon nitride

en-noun

beta carbon nitride (plural beta carbon nitrides)

(organic chemistry) a theoretical binary compound of carbon and nitrogen, C₃N₄, that is thought would have properties similar to diamond or boron nitride


nitrocellulosa

it-noun

nitrocellulosa f (plural nitrocellulose)


nitrocellulosa

Compound of nitro (“nitro”) + cellulosa (“cellulose”). First attested in 1877.

com+

(organic chemistry) Synonym of cellulosanitrat.


nitroglicerina

it-noun

nitroglicerina f (plural nitroglicerine)


nitroglicerina

pt-noun

nitroglicerina f (usually uncountable, plural nitroglicerinas)

(organic chemistry) nitroglycerine (a heavy, colourless, oily, explosive liquid)


azoico

it-adj

azoico (feminine azoica, masculine plural azoici, feminine plural azoiche)

azoica (feminine)
azoici (masculine plural)
azoiche (feminine plural)


acido acetilsalicilico

it-noun

acido acetilsalicilico m (plural acidi acetilsalicilici)

acetylsalicylic acid
acetylsalicylic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) acetylsalicylic acid


acido acrilico

acido acrilico m (plural acidi acrilici)


acrilico

it-adj

acrilico (feminine acrilica, masculine plural acrilici, feminine plural acriliche)

acrilica (feminine)
acrilici (masculine plural)
acriliche (feminine plural)


ossicloruro di carbonio

it-noun

ossicloruro di carbonio m (plural ossicloruri di carbonio)


tetrabromuro di carbonio

tetrabromuro di carbonio m (uncountable)

(organic chemistry) carbon tetrabromide, tetrabromomethane


tetracloruro di carbonio

tetracloruro di carbonio m (uncountable)

carbon tetrachloride
carbon tetrachloride

(organic chemistry) carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloromethane


tetrafluoruro di carbonio

tetrafluoruro di carbonio m (uncountable)

carbon tetrafluoride
carbon tetrafluoride

(organic chemistry) carbon tetrafluoride, tetrafluoromethane


tetraioduro di carbonio

(organic chemistry) carbon tetraiodide, tetraiodomethane


chlorocarbon

(organic chemistry) An organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom.


fluorochlorohydrocarbon

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing some hydrogen atoms with fluorine and some with chlorine (at least one being retained).


halocarbon

(organic chemistry) any compound formally derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing at least one hydrogen atom with a halogen, but especially by replacing all hydrogen atoms with halogen(s)


acetato

Borrowed from French acétate, from Vulgar Latin acētātu-, participle of acētāre (“to turn into acētum (“vinegar”)”). First attested in 1846.

ref

José Pedro Machado (1995) “Acetato”, in Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa: com a mais antiga documentação escrita e conhecida de muitos dos vocábulos estudados (in Portuguese), 7 edition, volume I, Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, →ISBN, page 70

(uncountable, organic chemistry) acetate


ethanolate

(organic chemistry) Any salt derived from ethanol by loss of a proton


PAH

Researchers analysed samples of nurdles and burnt lumps of plastic from four Sri Lankan beaches for heavy metals and various chemicals, including benzotriazole UV-stabilisers, which are used to prevent discoloration in plastics, bisphenols and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

2022 February 9, Karen McVeigh, “‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters”, in The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, retrieved 2022-02-11, Seascape: the state of our oceans:

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

PANH

polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle


acetonitrile

(organic chemistry) The simplest organic cyanide or nitrile, CH₃CN, formally derived from acetic acid


acido barbiturico

it-noun

acido barbiturico m (plural acidi barbiturici)


barbituric acid

/ˌbɑː.bɪˌt͡ʃʊə.ɹɪk ˈas.ɪd/

Mid 19th century from French barbiturique, from German Barbitursäure, from Barbara von Cilli + Säure (“acid”), related to Latin urea.

(organic chemistry) A heterocyclic compound derived from pyrimidine that is the basis of all barbiturate drugs.


ацетон

bg-noun

ацето́н • (acetón) m (relational adjective ацето́нов)

ацето́н (canonical)
acetón (romanization)
ацето́нов (adjective relational)
ацето́н (indefinite singular)
ацето́нът (definite singular subjective)
ацето́на (definite objective singular)

bg-ndecl

ацето́н</n:sg>

Borrowed from German Azeton, ultimately a derivation of Latin acētum.

(organic chemistry, uncountable) acetone


ацетон

uk-noun

ацето́н<genu>

ацето́н • (acetón) m inan (genitive ацето́ну, nominative plural ацето́ни, genitive plural ацето́нів, relational adjective ацето́новий)

ацето́н (canonical)
acetón (romanization)
ацето́ну (genitive)
ацето́ни (nominative plural)
ацето́нів (genitive plural)
ацето́новий (adjective relational)
ацето́н (nominative singular)
ацето́ни (nominative plural)
ацето́ну (genitive singular)
ацето́нів (genitive plural)
ацето́нові (dative singular)
ацето́ну (dative singular)
ацето́нам (dative plural)
ацето́н (accusative singular)
ацето́ни (accusative plural)
ацето́ном (instrumental singular)
ацето́нами (instrumental plural)
ацето́ні (locative singular)
ацето́нах (locative plural)
ацето́не (singular vocative)
ацето́ни (plural vocative)

uk-ndecl

ацето́н<genu>

(organic chemistry) acetone (a colourless, volatile, flammable liquid ketone, (CH₃)₂CO, used as a solvent)

uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


osteocalcin

en-noun

osteocalcin (countable and uncountable, plural osteocalcins)

Comparison of the sequences of the various osteocalcins indicates that the central portion of the molecule is highly conserved.

1994, Hideaki Ogura, Pharmacological Approach to the Study of the Formation and the Resorption Mechanism of Hard Tissues, Ishiyaku EuroAmerica, page 134:

Osteocalcin has recently been identified as a bone-derived hormone with significant functional impacts on sex steroid production by the testis, completing the circle of mutual interdependence between the skeletal system and gonad (for reviews, see Refs 536–538).

2014, Lee B. Smith, William H. Walker, “16: Hormone Signaling in the Testis”, in Tony M. Plant, Anthony J. Zeleznik, editors, Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 669:

Osteocalcin together with the other Gla-protein MGP belongs to a distinct subgroup of the larger vitamin K-dependent protein family, the constituents of which are primarily involved in blood coagulation.

2017, Olena V. Andrukhova, Reinhold G. Erben, “11: Kidney—Bone: Interaction”, in Susan Y. Smith, Aurore Varela, Rana Samadfam, editors, Bone Toxicology, Springer, page 349:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A protein, found in bone and dentin and manufactured by osteoblasts, that plays a role in mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis.

ostéocalcine

protein found in bone and dentin, manufactured by osteoblasts


pine terpene

(organic chemistry) A mixture of terpenoid hydrocarbons that is the principal component of essential oils obtained from various species of Pinus; it includes pinene, carene and menthadiene.


oxalo-

(organic chemistry) derived from, or related to oxalic acid

(organic chemistry) containing the radical -CO-COOH derived from oxalic acid by removal of a hydroxyl


brucine

From the genus name Brucea + -ine; thus indirectly after Scottish traveller James Bruce.

Strychnos nux-vomica
Strychnos nux-vomica#Translingual

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid related to strychnine, found in several plant species, notably Strychnos nux-vomica (nux vomica).

brucina

alkaloid related to strychnine, found in nux vomica


cannabinoid

/ˈkænəbəˌnɔɪd/

White blood cells of the immune system, the gut and the spleen also have another type of cannabinoid receptor, known as CB2.

2019 May 14, Moises Velasquez-Manoff, “Can CBD Really Do All That?”, in The New York Times Magazine:

Similar in chemical structure to cannabis, the cannabinoids made by our bodies surge in number during pleasant activities, such as orgasms, and also when we run, studies show.

2021 March 10, Gretchen Reynolds, “Getting to the Bottom of the Runner’s High”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry) Substance that is structurally related to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive compound present in cannabis, or that bind to cannabinoid receptors.

kannabinoidi

any psychoactive compound found in cannabis


cannabinoid

/ˈkænəbəˌnɔɪd/

(organic chemistry) Structurally related to tetrahydrocannabinol


caprolactam

(organic chemistry) A lactam (cyclic amide) manufactured from cyclohexanone and used in the manufacture of nylon.


fosfina

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) phosphine


sulfurated

(organic chemistry) Modified by the addition of sulfide bonds


cloro-

From Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “pale green”).

uder

(organic chemistry) chloro- (chlorine, green)


teflon

pl-noun

teflon m inan (related adjective teflonowy)

teflonowy (adjective)
teflon (nominative singular)
teflonu (genitive singular)
teflonowi (dative singular)
teflon (accusative singular)
teflonem (instrumental singular)
teflonie (locative singular)
teflonie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Teflon. Genericized trademark.

(organic chemistry) teflon, polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE


piperonyl butoxide

(organic chemistry) A pesticide synergist which increases the potency of other ingredients; a semisynthetic derivative of safrole that is used to enhance the potency of certain pesticides.


rosin

en-noun

rosin (countable and uncountable, plural rosins)

rosins (plural)
rosil (alternative)
rozin (alternative)

From Old French raisine, rousine, variants of résine. See resin.

The action of the bow therefore depends almost entirely upon the application of rosin and upon its frictional properties. Violin rosin is a natural gum obtained from conifers such as larch that produce turpentine.

1998, Neville H. Fletcher, Thomas Rossing, The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2nd edition, Springer Science & Business, →ISBN, page 284:

(organic chemistry) A solid form of resin, obtained from liquid resin by vaporizing its volatile components.


GHB

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, often used as a date rape drug.


racemization

racemization (countable and uncountable, plural racemizations)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The formation of a racemate from a pure enantiomer.


hydroxybutyric acid

hydroxybutyric acid (plural hydroxybutyric acids)

alphahydroxybutyric acid - 2-hydroxy-butanoic acid

betahydroxybutyric acid - 3-hydroxy-butanoic acid

gammahydroxybutyric acid - 4-hydroxy-butanoic acid

2-hydroxy, 2-methylpropanoic acid

3-hydroxy, 2-methylpropanoic acid

(organic chemistry) Either of the isomeric compounds formed from a butyric acid by substituting a hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group


vitamin A acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry) Synonym of retinoic acid


retinol

retinol (countable and uncountable, plural retinols)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A fat-soluble carotenoid vitamin (vitamin A), present in fish oils and green vegetables, essential to normal vision and to bone development.


retinol

retinol (indefinite nominative singular)
retinols (genitive indefinite singular)
retinolet (definite nominative singular)
retinolets (definite genitive singular)


vitamin B3

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) niacin


cobalamin

(organic chemistry) Any of several forms of vitamin B₁₂ depending on the upper axial ligand of the cobalt ion.


Berlin green

Berlin green (countable and uncountable, plural Berlin greens)

(organic chemistry) Ferric ferricyanide; a complex cyanide with a structure similar to that of Prussian blue, used as a green dye.


ursolic acid

(organic chemistry) a pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid found in many plants; an isomer of oleanolic acid


oleanolic acid

(organic chemistry) Synonym of oleanonic acid


ethanoic acid

(organic chemistry) The systematic alternative name for acetic acid.


ethanoic

(organic chemistry) Having the group CH₃COO-.


xinafoate

(organic chemistry) 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate radical of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.


butano

eo-head

butano (uncountable, accusative butanon)


butano

pt-noun

butano m (usually uncountable, plural butanos)


furosemide

en-noun

furosemide (countable and uncountable, plural furosemides)

furosemides (plural)
frusemide (alternative)

Probably from fur(yl) + -o- + -semide (“alteration of s(ulfon)amide”).

af

congestive heart failure
congestive heart failure

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A diuretic (trademark Lasix) used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema.


chlorocruorin

From chloro- + cruor + -in (see also cruorin). Named by British zoologist Ray Lankester in 1868.

Later it was shown that the α-bands of the pyridine haemochromogens of both cytochrome a and chlorocruorin resemble each other closely (Keilin, 1933 a).

1966, David Keilin, edited by Joan Keilin, The History of Cell Respiration and Cytochrome, University of Cambridge, page 174:

The affinity of chlorocruorin for oxygen is equivalent to the haemoglobin. It is interesting that within the same family of worms like [S]abellidae, [S]erpulidae and [A]mphotritidae same^([sic]) species have chlorocruorin while others have haemoglobin.

2003, Ashok Kumar, Animal Physiology, Discovery Publishing House, page 192:

1992, N. B. Terwilliger, Chapter 8: Molecular Structure of the Extracellular Heme Proteins, Ch. P. Mangum (editor), Advances in Comparative & Environmental Physiology 13: Blood and Tissue Oxygen Carriers, Springer-Verlag, 1992 softcover reprint, page 203,
It was earlier thought that chlorocruorin was very different from hemoglobin based on a subunit structure with a mass of 34-35 kDa (Antonini et al. 1962; Guerratore and Zito 1977). […] Some writers have questioned the value of drawing a distinction between the chlorocruorins and hemoglobins, especially from an evolutionary point of view (Mangum 1985; see also Toulson, Chap. 9, this Vol.). The visual phenomenon of green blood has perhaps led to a stronger distinction between chlorocruorin and hemoglobin than warranted.

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A green respiratory pigment found in many annelids.

chlorocruorine

respiratory pigment found in some annelids


(organic chemistry) Alternative spelling of CH₄


aqua vitae

en-noun

aqua vitae (countable and uncountable, plural aquae vitae)

aquae vitae (plural)
aqua vitæ (alternative)

From Medieval Latin aqua vītae directly and via Middle English aqua vite and French eau-de-vie, from aqua (“water”) and vītae (“of life”). Doublet of aquavit and akvavit. Compare eau de vie, whisky, whiskey, and water of life from the same source.

(organic chemistry, archaic) A concentrated aqueous solution of ethanol.


ribulose

ribulose (countable and uncountable, plural ribuloses)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) a ketopentose whose phosphate derivatives participate in photosynthesis

ribulosa

ketopentose whose derivatives participate in photosynthesis


heptyl

(organic chemistry) Any of many isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C₇H₁₅, formally derived from heptane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.


acid of amber

(obsolete, organic chemistry) The organic compound succinic acid.


acid of ants

(obsolete, organic chemistry) formic acid


acid of apples

(obsolete, organic chemistry) malic acid


acid of lemon

(obsolete, organic chemistry) citric acid


acid of milk

(obsolete, organic chemistry) lactic acid


acid of sugar

If you distil the nitrous acid on silk, wool, hairs, or skin, you obtain a certain quantity of animal oil, different from that which forms fat, and a portion of acid similar to the acid of sugar […]

1784 July 25, “History of the Royal Academy of Sciences, for the year 1780”, in A New Review, volume 6, page 57:

This is not all: who would suspect under the specious guise of “acid of sugar,” an envenomed drug?

1828, John Murray, A Manual of Experiments illustrative of Chemical Science, page 4:

It exists plentifully in several well-known plants, as the beautiful Wood-sorrel; but, obtainable from saccharine matter by a chemical process, it has acquired the vulgar name of Acid of Sugar.

1829, Shirley Palmer, Popular illustrations of medicine, page 101:

(obsolete, organic chemistry) oxalic acid


ethyl mercaptan

(organic chemistry) a thiol formally derived from ethyl alcohol by replacing the oxygen atom with sulfur


organochlorine

(organic chemistry) Any of very many chlorine substituted organic compounds, many of which are solvents or insecticides etc.


organochlorine

(organic chemistry, of an organic compound) containing chlorine


Silikon

de-noun

Silikon n (strong, genitive Silikons, plural Silikone)

Silikons (genitive)
Silikone (plural)
Silikon (nominative singular)
Silikone (definite nominative plural)
Silikons (genitive singular)
Silikone (definite genitive plural)
Silikon (dative singular)
Silikonen (dative definite plural)
Silikon (accusative singular)
Silikone (accusative definite plural)
Silicon (alternative)


cacodyl

en-noun

cacodyl (countable and uncountable, plural cacodyls)

Ancient Greek κακώδης (kakṓdēs, “evil-smelling”)

uder

(organic chemistry) The dimethylarsine radical (CH₃)₂As-

(organic chemistry) tetramethyldiarsine formally derived from two of these radicals; an evil-smelling liquid that spontaneously combusts in air


dimethyl

(organic chemistry) (in combination) Two methyl groups in a molecule.


tetramethyl

(organic chemistry) (in combination) Four methyl groups in a molecule.


trimethyl

(organic chemistry, in combination) Three methyl groups in a molecule.


hexamethyl

(organic chemistry) (in combination) six methyl groups in a molecule


cacodyl oxide

(organic chemistry) A strong-smelling liquid, ((CH₃)₂As)₂O


glycin

en-noun

glycin (countable and uncountable, plural glycins)

Glycin is a versatile paper developer that produces a strong, deep black on bromide papers and brown to sepia tones on warm-tone chloride and chlorobromide papers.

2008, Robert Hirsch, Photographic Possibilities, page 142:

Glycin immersed in LN₂ formed an amorphous product. Upon heating to –65 °C an unidentified crystalline phase of glycin was observed, which transformed at ≈ 55 °C to 2-glycin.

2008, Georg-Wilhelm Oetjen, Peter Haseley, Freeze-Drying, page 23:

Glycin developers are non-staining and have exceptionally good keeping properties, but are too slow in action for general use.

2011, Elizabeth Allen, Sophie Triantaphillidou, The Manual of Photography, page 257:

(organic chemistry) A phenolic derivative of glycine, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine, used as a photographic developer.


acrolein

acrolein (countable and uncountable, plural acroleins)

/əˈkɹəʊliɪn/

From Latin acer (“sharp”) + oleō (“smell”, verb).

destructive distillation
destructive distillation

(organic chemistry) A pungent, acrid, poisonous liquid aldehyde, CH₂=CH-CH=O, made by the destructive distillation of glycerol.

ակրոլեին

a pungent, acrid, poisonous liquid aldehyde


propenal

propenal (countable and uncountable, plural propenals)

(organic chemistry) The compound acrolein.


taurine

Researchers found that a high daily dose of taurine, an amino acid commonly added to energy drinks and naturally found in various foods, helped to delay death and mitigate against the biological ravages of aging.

2023 June 8, Elie Dolgin, “From Energy Drinks to Extending Life? Supplement Slows Aging in Mice and Monkeys”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) An amino-sulfonic acid, NH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃H, that has regulatory functions in mammals.


ալկոհոլ

alkohol (romanization)
ալկոհոլ (nominative singular)
ալկոհոլներ (nominative plural)
ալկոհոլի (dative singular)
ալկոհոլների (dative plural)
ալկոհոլից (ablative singular)
ալկոհոլներից (ablative plural)
ալկոհոլով (instrumental singular)
ալկոհոլներով (instrumental plural)
ալկոհոլում (locative singular)
ալկոհոլներում (locative plural)
ալկոհոլը (definite nominative singular)
ալկոհոլն (definite nominative singular)
ալկոհոլները (definite nominative plural)
ալկոհոլներն (definite nominative plural)
ալկոհոլին (dative definite singular)
ալկոհոլներին (dative definite plural)
ալկոհոլս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
ալկոհոլներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
ալկոհոլիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
ալկոհոլներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
ալկոհոլիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
ալկոհոլներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
ալկոհոլովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
ալկոհոլներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
ալկոհոլումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
ալկոհոլներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
ալկոհոլդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
ալկոհոլներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
ալկոհոլիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
ալկոհոլներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
ալկոհոլիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
ալկոհոլներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
ալկոհոլովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
ալկոհոլներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
ալկոհոլումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
ալկոհոլներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

ալկոհոլը/ալկոհոլն

ալկոհոլները/ալկոհոլներն

ալկոհոլներին

ալկոհոլներից

ալկոհոլներով

ալկոհոլներում

ալկոհոլներիս

ալկոհոլներիցս

ալկոհոլներովս

ալկոհոլներումս

ալկոհոլներիդ

ալկոհոլներիցդ

ալկոհոլներովդ

ալկոհոլներումդ

Hy-ալկոհոլ.ogg


धूपेन्य

धूप (dhūp, “incense, fragrant gum or resin”) + -इन्य (-inya)


etano

pt-noun

etano m (usually uncountable, plural etanos)

(organic chemistry) ethane (aliphatic hydrocarbon, C₂H₆)


phenolphthalein

en-noun

phenolphthalein (countable and uncountable, plural phenolphthaleins)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A white or yellowish-white crystalline compound C₂₀H₁₄O₄ used in medicine as a laxative and in analysis as an indicator because its solution is brilliant red in alkalies and is decolorized by acids.


alkenone

(organic chemistry) Any unsaturated aliphatic ketone


aren

aren (nominative singular)
areny (nominative plural)
arenu (genitive singular)
arenů (genitive plural)
arenu (dative singular)
arenům (dative plural)
aren (accusative singular)
areny (accusative plural)
arene (singular vocative)
areny (plural vocative)
arenu (locative singular)
arenech (locative plural)
arenem (instrumental singular)
areny (instrumental plural)


asfalten

asfalten (nominative singular)
asfalteny (nominative plural)
asfaltenu (genitive singular)
asfaltenów (genitive plural)
asfaltenowi (dative singular)
asfaltenom (dative plural)
asfalten (accusative singular)
asfalteny (accusative plural)
asfaltenem (instrumental singular)
asfaltenami (instrumental plural)
asfaltenie (locative singular)
asfaltenach (locative plural)
asfaltenie (singular vocative)
asfalteny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English asphaltene.


acetat

(organic chemistry) acetate (any ester or salt of acetic acid)


acetat

acetat (indefinite nominative singular)
acetatet (definite nominative singular)
acetater (indefinite nominative plural)
acetaterne (definite nominative plural)
acetats (genitive indefinite singular)
acetatets (definite genitive singular)
acetaters (genitive indefinite plural)
acetaternes (definite genitive plural)

Internationalism. From Latin acētum + -at


acetat

acetatet (definite singular)
acetat (indefinite plural)
acetater (indefinite plural)
acetata (definite plural)
acetatene (definite plural)

Internationalism. By surface analysis, acet- + -at.


acetat

acetat (nominative singular)
acetaty (nominative plural)
acetatu (genitive singular)
acetatów (genitive plural)
acetatowi (dative singular)
acetatom (dative plural)
acetat (accusative singular)
acetaty (accusative plural)
acetatem (instrumental singular)
acetatami (instrumental plural)
acetacie (locative singular)
acetatach (locative plural)
acetacie (singular vocative)
acetaty (plural vocative)

From Latin acētum + -at. First attested in 1862.

ref

Maurycy Hryszkiewicz (1862) Przyjaciel domu homeopata, udzielający dobrą poradę we wszelkich chorobach i dolegliwościach ludzkich : ułożony szczególnie dla wieśniaków (in Polish), page 28


acetat

acetați (plural)
acetat (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
acetatul (accusative definite nominative singular)
acetați (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
acetații (accusative definite nominative plural)
acetat (indefinite singular)
acetatului (definite singular)
acetați (indefinite singular)
acetaților (definite plural)
acetatule (singular vocative)
acetaților (vocative)


acetat

acètāt (canonical masculine)
ацѐта̄т (Cyrillic)
acètāt (nominative singular)
acetáti (nominative plural)
acetáta (genitive singular)
acetata (genitive plural)
acetatu (dative singular)
acetatima (dative plural)
acetat (accusative singular)
acetate (accusative plural)
acetate (singular vocative)
acetati (plural vocative)
acetatu (locative singular)
acetatima (locative plural)
acetatom (instrumental singular)
acetatima (instrumental plural)


acetat

acetat (indefinite nominative singular)
acetats (genitive indefinite singular)
acetatet (definite nominative singular)
acetatets (definite genitive singular)
acetater (indefinite nominative plural)
acetaters (genitive indefinite plural)
acetaterna (definite nominative plural)
acetaternas (definite genitive plural)


germine

(organic chemistry) A ceveratrum alkaloid.


oktan

oktan (nominative singular)
oktany (nominative plural)
oktanu (genitive singular)
oktanů (genitive plural)
oktanu (dative singular)
oktanům (dative plural)
oktan (accusative singular)
oktany (accusative plural)
oktane (singular vocative)
oktany (plural vocative)
oktanu (locative singular)
oktanech (locative plural)
oktanem (instrumental singular)
oktany (instrumental plural)


lactase

en-noun

lactase (countable and uncountable, plural lactases)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lactase.wav

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A β-galactosidase enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers.


lactase

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) lactase (a β-galactosidase enzyme)


telogen

(organic chemistry) An active-chain transfer agent used in the telomerization process.


propino

(organic chemistry) propyne, methylacetylene


craquer

craquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
craquant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
craqué (participle past)
craque (first-person indicative present singular)
craques (indicative present second-person singular)
craque (indicative present singular third-person)
craquons (first-person indicative plural present)
craquez (indicative plural present second-person)
craquent (indicative plural present third-person)
craquais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
craquais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
craquait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
craquions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
craquiez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
craquaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
craquai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
craquas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
craqua (historic indicative past singular third-person)
craquâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
craquâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
craquèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
craquerai (first-person future indicative singular)
craqueras (future indicative second-person singular)
craquera (future indicative singular third-person)
craquerons (first-person future indicative plural)
craquerez (future indicative plural second-person)
craqueront (future indicative plural third-person)
craquerais (conditional first-person singular)
craquerais (conditional second-person singular)
craquerait (conditional singular third-person)
craquerions (conditional first-person plural)
craqueriez (conditional plural second-person)
craqueraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
craque (first-person present singular subjunctive)
craques (present second-person singular subjunctive)
craque (present singular subjunctive third-person)
craquions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
craquiez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
craquent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
craquasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
craquasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
craquât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
craquassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
craquassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
craquassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
craque (imperative second-person singular)
craquons (first-person imperative plural)
craquez (imperative plural second-person)

Inherited from Middle French craquer, from Middle Dutch kraken (“to crack, crackle”), from Old Dutch *krakōn, from Frankish *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle, shriek”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“to crow, shout”).
Cognate with Old High German krahhōn, Old English cracian. More at crack.

der

(organic chemistry) to crack (petroleum)


PCP

en-noun

PCP (countable and uncountable, plural PCPs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of pentachlorophenol.


cannabidiol

cannabidiols (plural)
as CBD (abbreviation)

Coordinate term: tetrahydrocannabinol

We’re aware of the growing public interest in cannabis and cannabis-derived products, including cannabidiol (CBD). This increasing public interest in these products makes it even more important with the passage of this law for the FDA to clarify its regulatory authority over these products.

2018 December 20, U.S. Food, Drug Administration, “Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on signing of the Agriculture Improvement Act and the agency’s regulation of products containing cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds”, in fda.gov:

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A nonintoxicating cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa.


polyacrylamide

(organic chemistry) Any of a range of cross-linked polymers of acrylamide; used to form soft gels for making contact lenses etc.


acrylamide

acrylamide (countable and uncountable, plural acrylamides)

(organic chemistry) The amide of acrylic acid, CH₂=CH.CONH₂; used in the manufacture of polyacrylamides.


polyamide

(organic chemistry) Any of a range of polymers containing amide (or peptide) repeat units; examples include proteins and nylon.


polychlorinated naphthalene

polychlorinated naphthalene (plural polychlorinated naphthalenes)

polychlorinated naphthalenes (plural)
PCN (abbreviation)

(organic chemistry) Any of a range of compounds manufactured by treating naphthalene with chlorine; they have a variety of properties and uses.


PCN

PCN (countable and uncountable, plural PCNs)

polychlorinated naphthalene
polychlorinated naphthalene#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polychlorinated naphthalene.


polyvinyl

The Renew is also free of polyvinyl chloride, asbestos, chlorofluorocarbons and halons.

2009 February 12, Azadeh Ensha, “A Cellphone That Is Made With the Environment in Mind”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) Composed of, or derived from, many vinyl groups


polyvinyl

(organic chemistry) Any polymer derived from a vinyl compound.


monophenol

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing one phenolic hydroxyl group


kinase

From Ancient Greek κινεῖν (kineîn, “to move”) + -ase, a suffix forming enzyme names.

uder

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates), in a process termed phosphorylation.


diethyl phthalate

(organic chemistry) The di-ethyl ester of phthalic acid; a clear liquid used as a solvent, insect repellent and in perfumes.


alkan

alkan (nominative singular)
alkany (nominative plural)
alkanu (genitive singular)
alkanů (genitive plural)
alkanu (dative singular)
alkanům (dative plural)
alkan (accusative singular)
alkany (accusative plural)
alkane (singular vocative)
alkany (plural vocative)
alkanu (locative singular)
alkanech (locative plural)
alkanem (instrumental singular)
alkany (instrumental plural)


alkan

head

alkan c (singular definite alkanen, plural indefinite alkaner)

alkanen (definite singular)
alkaner (indefinite plural)
alkan (indefinite nominative singular)
alkanen (definite nominative singular)
alkaner (indefinite nominative plural)
alkanerne (definite nominative plural)
alkans (genitive indefinite singular)
alkanens (definite genitive singular)
alkaners (genitive indefinite plural)
alkanernes (definite genitive plural)


alkan

alkan (nominative singular)
alkany (nominative plural)
alkanu (genitive singular)
alkanów (genitive plural)
alkanowi (dative singular)
alkanom (dative plural)
alkan (accusative singular)
alkany (accusative plural)
alkanem (instrumental singular)
alkanami (instrumental plural)
alkanie (locative singular)
alkanach (locative plural)
alkanie (singular vocative)
alkany (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English alkane, French alcane, and German Alkan, ultimately from Arabic اَلْقِلْي (al-qily).


alkan

alkan (indefinite nominative singular)
alkans (genitive indefinite singular)
alkanen (definite nominative singular)
alkanens (definite genitive singular)
alkaner (indefinite nominative plural)
alkaners (genitive indefinite plural)
alkanerna (definite nominative plural)
alkanernas (definite genitive plural)


dekan

(organic chemistry) Alternative spelling of decan


dekan

dekan (indefinite nominative singular)
dekans (genitive indefinite singular)
dekanet (definite nominative singular)
dekanets (definite genitive singular)


heptan

heptan (indefinite nominative singular)
heptans (genitive indefinite singular)
heptanet (definite nominative singular)
heptanets (definite genitive singular)


hexan

hexan (indefinite nominative singular)
hexans (genitive indefinite singular)
hexanet (definite nominative singular)
hexanets (definite genitive singular)


pentan

pentan (nominative singular)
pentany (nominative plural)
pentanu (genitive singular)
pentanů (genitive plural)
pentanu (dative singular)
pentanům (dative plural)
pentan (accusative singular)
pentany (accusative plural)
pentane (singular vocative)
pentany (plural vocative)
pentanu (locative singular)
pentanech (locative plural)
pentanem (instrumental singular)
pentany (instrumental plural)


pentan

pentan (indefinite nominative singular)
pentans (genitive indefinite singular)
pentanet (definite nominative singular)
pentanets (definite genitive singular)


propan

propan (nominative singular)
propany (nominative plural)
propanu (genitive singular)
propanů (genitive plural)
propanu (dative singular)
propanům (dative plural)
propan (accusative singular)
propany (accusative plural)
propane (singular vocative)
propany (plural vocative)
propanu (locative singular)
propanech (locative plural)
propanem (instrumental singular)
propany (instrumental plural)


propan

propan (indefinite nominative singular)
propans (genitive indefinite singular)
propanet (definite nominative singular)
propanets (definite genitive singular)

gasol

liquefied petroleum gas, LPG, (idiomatically, in the US) propane


nonan

nonan (indefinite nominative singular)
nonans (genitive indefinite singular)
nonanet (definite nominative singular)
nonanets (definite genitive singular)


chlordane

en-noun

chlordane (countable and uncountable, plural chlordanes)

(organic chemistry) A very toxic chlorinated polycyclic hydrocarbon once used as an insecticide.


amino alcohol

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing both an amino and an aliphatic hydroxyl functional group.


squalene

squalene (countable and uncountable, plural squalenes)

From Latin squālus (“shark”) + -ene, because it is found in shark liver.

(organic chemistry) A linear triterpene hydrocarbon found in shark liver oil and in human sebum; it plays a role in the biosynthesis of steroids.


squalane

squalane (countable and uncountable, plural squalanes)

(organic chemistry) A saturated triterpene hydrocarbon made by hydrogenating squalene; used in cosmetics etc.


des-

From Middle English des-, dis-, from Old French des-, from Latin dis-.

(organic chemistry) A removal of a group from a molecule.


stereospecificity

stereospecificity (countable and uncountable, plural stereospecificities)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The property of a polymer that has a specific spatial arrangement of its constituent atoms.


depyrimidination

depyrimidination (countable and uncountable, plural depyrimidinations)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A process in which the chemical bond linking a pyrimidine (cytosine or thymine) to a deoxyribose sugar breaks spontaneously. It occurs at a lower rate compared to depurination with only 500 cytosine and thymine bases lost per cell per day in a typical mammalian cell.


methanes

Chloroform and bromoform are trihalogenated methanes

(organic chemistry) Derivatives of methane. plural of methane


-ino

es-noun

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)


resveratrol

en-noun

resveratrol (countable and uncountable, plural resveratrols)

Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a phenolic compound of the stilbene family present in wines and various parts of the grape, including the skin, and shows antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

2003, Massimo Maffei, “7: Biochemistry, physiology and bioengineering of bioactive compounds from plants used as dietary supplements”, in Massimo Maffei, editor, Dietary Supplements of Plant Origin: A Nutrition and Health Approach, page 152:

2003, Diane F. Birt, Weiqun Wang, Nancy Paiva, Angela Au, Chilly Chung, Laura Schmitt, Yu Jiang, Chapter 5: Cancer Prevention by Phytochemicals, Modulation of Cell Cycle, Mark S. Meskin, Wayne R. Bidlack, Audra J. Davies, Douglas S. Lewis, R. Keith Randolph (editors), Phytochemicals: Mechanisms of Action, Volume 4, page 64,
Resveratrol was first identified in grape vines in 1976 and in wine in 1992.

2011, Yiwei Li, Dejuan Kong, Aamir Ahmad, Bin Bao, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Chapter 16: Augmenting the Efficacy of Chemo- and Radio-Therapy by Nutraceuticals: Evidence from Pre-Clinical and Clinical Trials, Fazlul H. Sarkar (editor), Nutraceuticals and Cancer, page 366,
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin mainly found in grapes. Red wine contains a high level of resveratrol. Resveratrol has been shown to prevent the development of mammary and other tumors in vivo in animal models (Bishayee 2009).

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A phenolic substance, 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, a stilbenoid and phytoalexin, that is found in some fruits and nuts, and in red wine, and is reputed to have some beneficial properties for humans.


stilbene

From Ancient Greek στίλβω (stílbō, “to shine, shimmer”), due to its use as a phosphor.

der

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric hydrocarbons, diphenylethylene, but especially the trans isomer, used in the manufacture of dyes and many other compounds.


acetylen

(organic chemistry, uncountable) acetylene (ethyne; the simplest alkyne, a hydrocarbon of formula HC≡CH)


acetylen

acetylenet (definite singular)
acetylen (indefinite plural)
acetylena (definite plural)
acetylenene (definite plural)

(organic chemistry, countable) acetylene (any organic compound having one or more carbon–carbon triple bonds; an alkyne)


acetylen

acetylen (indefinite nominative singular)
acetylens (genitive indefinite singular)
acetylenet (definite nominative singular)
acetylenets (definite genitive singular)
acetylen (indefinite nominative singular)
acetylens (genitive indefinite singular)
acetylenen (definite nominative singular)
acetylenens (definite genitive singular)


nitroglycerin

nitroglycerin (indefinite nominative singular)
nitroglycerins (genitive indefinite singular)
nitroglycerinet (definite nominative singular)
nitroglycerinets (definite genitive singular)


MABS

(organic chemistry) Initialism of methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.


butaani

butaani (nominative singular)
butaanit (nominative plural)
butaani (accusative nominative singular)
butaanit (accusative nominative plural)
butaanin (accusative genitive singular)
butaanit (accusative genitive plural)
butaanin (genitive singular)
butaanien (genitive plural)
butaania (partitive singular)
butaaneja (partitive plural)
butaanissa (inessive singular)
butaaneissa (inessive plural)
butaanista (elative singular)
butaaneista (elative plural)
butaaniin (illative singular)
butaaneihin (illative plural)
butaanilla (adessive singular)
butaaneilla (adessive plural)
butaanilta (ablative singular)
butaaneilta (ablative plural)
butaanille (allative singular)
butaaneille (allative plural)
butaanina (essive singular)
butaaneina (essive plural)
butaaniksi (singular translative)
butaaneiksi (plural translative)
butaanitta (abessive singular)
butaaneitta (abessive plural)
butaanein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
butaanini (nominative singular)
butaanini (nominative plural)
butaanini (accusative nominative singular)
butaanini (accusative nominative plural)
butaanini (accusative genitive singular)
butaanini (accusative genitive plural)
butaanini (genitive singular)
butaanieni (genitive plural)
butaaniani (partitive singular)
butaanejani (partitive plural)
butaanissani (inessive singular)
butaaneissani (inessive plural)
butaanistani (elative singular)
butaaneistani (elative plural)
butaaniini (illative singular)
butaaneihini (illative plural)
butaanillani (adessive singular)
butaaneillani (adessive plural)
butaaniltani (ablative singular)
butaaneiltani (ablative plural)
butaanilleni (allative singular)
butaaneilleni (allative plural)
butaaninani (essive singular)
butaaneinani (essive plural)
butaanikseni (singular translative)
butaaneikseni (plural translative)
butaanittani (abessive singular)
butaaneittani (abessive plural)
butaaneineni (comitative plural)
butaanisi (nominative singular)
butaanisi (nominative plural)
butaanisi (accusative nominative singular)
butaanisi (accusative nominative plural)
butaanisi (accusative genitive singular)
butaanisi (accusative genitive plural)
butaanisi (genitive singular)
butaaniesi (genitive plural)
butaaniasi (partitive singular)
butaanejasi (partitive plural)
butaanissasi (inessive singular)
butaaneissasi (inessive plural)
butaanistasi (elative singular)
butaaneistasi (elative plural)
butaaniisi (illative singular)
butaaneihisi (illative plural)
butaanillasi (adessive singular)
butaaneillasi (adessive plural)
butaaniltasi (ablative singular)
butaaneiltasi (ablative plural)
butaanillesi (allative singular)
butaaneillesi (allative plural)
butaaninasi (essive singular)
butaaneinasi (essive plural)
butaaniksesi (singular translative)
butaaneiksesi (plural translative)
butaanittasi (abessive singular)
butaaneittasi (abessive plural)
butaaneinesi (comitative plural)
butaanimme (nominative singular)
butaanimme (nominative plural)
butaanimme (accusative nominative singular)
butaanimme (accusative nominative plural)
butaanimme (accusative genitive singular)
butaanimme (accusative genitive plural)
butaanimme (genitive singular)
butaaniemme (genitive plural)
butaaniamme (partitive singular)
butaanejamme (partitive plural)
butaanissamme (inessive singular)
butaaneissamme (inessive plural)
butaanistamme (elative singular)
butaaneistamme (elative plural)
butaaniimme (illative singular)
butaaneihimme (illative plural)
butaanillamme (adessive singular)
butaaneillamme (adessive plural)
butaaniltamme (ablative singular)
butaaneiltamme (ablative plural)
butaanillemme (allative singular)
butaaneillemme (allative plural)
butaaninamme (essive singular)
butaaneinamme (essive plural)
butaaniksemme (singular translative)
butaaneiksemme (plural translative)
butaanittamme (abessive singular)
butaaneittamme (abessive plural)
butaaneinemme (comitative plural)
butaaninne (nominative singular)
butaaninne (nominative plural)
butaaninne (accusative nominative singular)
butaaninne (accusative nominative plural)
butaaninne (accusative genitive singular)
butaaninne (accusative genitive plural)
butaaninne (genitive singular)
butaanienne (genitive plural)
butaanianne (partitive singular)
butaanejanne (partitive plural)
butaanissanne (inessive singular)
butaaneissanne (inessive plural)
butaanistanne (elative singular)
butaaneistanne (elative plural)
butaaniinne (illative singular)
butaaneihinne (illative plural)
butaanillanne (adessive singular)
butaaneillanne (adessive plural)
butaaniltanne (ablative singular)
butaaneiltanne (ablative plural)
butaanillenne (allative singular)
butaaneillenne (allative plural)
butaaninanne (essive singular)
butaaneinanne (essive plural)
butaaniksenne (singular translative)
butaaneiksenne (plural translative)
butaanittanne (abessive singular)
butaaneittanne (abessive plural)
butaaneinenne (comitative plural)
butaaninsa (nominative singular)
butaaninsa (nominative plural)
butaaninsa (accusative nominative singular)
butaaninsa (accusative nominative plural)
butaaninsa (accusative genitive singular)
butaaninsa (accusative genitive plural)
butaaninsa (genitive singular)
butaaniensa (genitive plural)
butaaniaan (partitive singular)
butaaniansa (partitive singular)
butaanejaan (partitive plural)
butaanejansa (partitive plural)
butaanissaan (inessive singular)
butaanissansa (inessive singular)
butaaneissaan (inessive plural)
butaaneissansa (inessive plural)
butaanistaan (elative singular)
butaanistansa (elative singular)
butaaneistaan (elative plural)
butaaneistansa (elative plural)
butaaniinsa (illative singular)
butaaneihinsa (illative plural)
butaanillaan (adessive singular)
butaanillansa (adessive singular)
butaaneillaan (adessive plural)
butaaneillansa (adessive plural)
butaaniltaan (ablative singular)
butaaniltansa (ablative singular)
butaaneiltaan (ablative plural)
butaaneiltansa (ablative plural)
butaanilleen (allative singular)
butaanillensa (allative singular)
butaaneilleen (allative plural)
butaaneillensa (allative plural)
butaaninaan (essive singular)
butaaninansa (essive singular)
butaaneinaan (essive plural)
butaaneinansa (essive plural)
butaanikseen (singular translative)
butaaniksensa (singular translative)
butaaneikseen (plural translative)
butaaneiksensa (plural translative)
butaanittaan (abessive singular)
butaanittansa (abessive singular)
butaaneittaan (abessive plural)
butaaneittansa (abessive plural)
butaaneineen (comitative plural)
butaaneinensa (comitative plural)


cymene

en-noun

cymene (countable and uncountable, plural cymenes)

Probably from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon), the root of cumin.

(organic chemistry) Any of several isomeric naturally occurring terpenoid hydrocarbons; a constituent of a number of essential oils, most commonly the oil of cumin and thyme.


alkoholi

alkoholi (nominative singular)
alkoholit (nominative plural)
alkoholi (accusative nominative singular)
alkoholit (accusative nominative plural)
alkoholin (accusative genitive singular)
alkoholit (accusative genitive plural)
alkoholin (genitive singular)
alkoholien (genitive plural)
alkoholia (partitive singular)
alkoholeja (partitive plural)
alkoholissa (inessive singular)
alkoholeissa (inessive plural)
alkoholista (elative singular)
alkoholeista (elative plural)
alkoholiin (illative singular)
alkoholeihin (illative plural)
alkoholilla (adessive singular)
alkoholeilla (adessive plural)
alkoholilta (ablative singular)
alkoholeilta (ablative plural)
alkoholille (allative singular)
alkoholeille (allative plural)
alkoholina (essive singular)
alkoholeina (essive plural)
alkoholiksi (singular translative)
alkoholeiksi (plural translative)
alkoholitta (abessive singular)
alkoholeitta (abessive plural)
alkoholein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
alkoholini (nominative singular)
alkoholini (nominative plural)
alkoholini (accusative nominative singular)
alkoholini (accusative nominative plural)
alkoholini (accusative genitive singular)
alkoholini (accusative genitive plural)
alkoholini (genitive singular)
alkoholieni (genitive plural)
alkoholiani (partitive singular)
alkoholejani (partitive plural)
alkoholissani (inessive singular)
alkoholeissani (inessive plural)
alkoholistani (elative singular)
alkoholeistani (elative plural)
alkoholiini (illative singular)
alkoholeihini (illative plural)
alkoholillani (adessive singular)
alkoholeillani (adessive plural)
alkoholiltani (ablative singular)
alkoholeiltani (ablative plural)
alkoholilleni (allative singular)
alkoholeilleni (allative plural)
alkoholinani (essive singular)
alkoholeinani (essive plural)
alkoholikseni (singular translative)
alkoholeikseni (plural translative)
alkoholittani (abessive singular)
alkoholeittani (abessive plural)
alkoholeineni (comitative plural)
alkoholisi (nominative singular)
alkoholisi (nominative plural)
alkoholisi (accusative nominative singular)
alkoholisi (accusative nominative plural)
alkoholisi (accusative genitive singular)
alkoholisi (accusative genitive plural)
alkoholisi (genitive singular)
alkoholiesi (genitive plural)
alkoholiasi (partitive singular)
alkoholejasi (partitive plural)
alkoholissasi (inessive singular)
alkoholeissasi (inessive plural)
alkoholistasi (elative singular)
alkoholeistasi (elative plural)
alkoholiisi (illative singular)
alkoholeihisi (illative plural)
alkoholillasi (adessive singular)
alkoholeillasi (adessive plural)
alkoholiltasi (ablative singular)
alkoholeiltasi (ablative plural)
alkoholillesi (allative singular)
alkoholeillesi (allative plural)
alkoholinasi (essive singular)
alkoholeinasi (essive plural)
alkoholiksesi (singular translative)
alkoholeiksesi (plural translative)
alkoholittasi (abessive singular)
alkoholeittasi (abessive plural)
alkoholeinesi (comitative plural)
alkoholimme (nominative singular)
alkoholimme (nominative plural)
alkoholimme (accusative nominative singular)
alkoholimme (accusative nominative plural)
alkoholimme (accusative genitive singular)
alkoholimme (accusative genitive plural)
alkoholimme (genitive singular)
alkoholiemme (genitive plural)
alkoholiamme (partitive singular)
alkoholejamme (partitive plural)
alkoholissamme (inessive singular)
alkoholeissamme (inessive plural)
alkoholistamme (elative singular)
alkoholeistamme (elative plural)
alkoholiimme (illative singular)
alkoholeihimme (illative plural)
alkoholillamme (adessive singular)
alkoholeillamme (adessive plural)
alkoholiltamme (ablative singular)
alkoholeiltamme (ablative plural)
alkoholillemme (allative singular)
alkoholeillemme (allative plural)
alkoholinamme (essive singular)
alkoholeinamme (essive plural)
alkoholiksemme (singular translative)
alkoholeiksemme (plural translative)
alkoholittamme (abessive singular)
alkoholeittamme (abessive plural)
alkoholeinemme (comitative plural)
alkoholinne (nominative singular)
alkoholinne (nominative plural)
alkoholinne (accusative nominative singular)
alkoholinne (accusative nominative plural)
alkoholinne (accusative genitive singular)
alkoholinne (accusative genitive plural)
alkoholinne (genitive singular)
alkoholienne (genitive plural)
alkoholianne (partitive singular)
alkoholejanne (partitive plural)
alkoholissanne (inessive singular)
alkoholeissanne (inessive plural)
alkoholistanne (elative singular)
alkoholeistanne (elative plural)
alkoholiinne (illative singular)
alkoholeihinne (illative plural)
alkoholillanne (adessive singular)
alkoholeillanne (adessive plural)
alkoholiltanne (ablative singular)
alkoholeiltanne (ablative plural)
alkoholillenne (allative singular)
alkoholeillenne (allative plural)
alkoholinanne (essive singular)
alkoholeinanne (essive plural)
alkoholiksenne (singular translative)
alkoholeiksenne (plural translative)
alkoholittanne (abessive singular)
alkoholeittanne (abessive plural)
alkoholeinenne (comitative plural)
alkoholinsa (nominative singular)
alkoholinsa (nominative plural)
alkoholinsa (accusative nominative singular)
alkoholinsa (accusative nominative plural)
alkoholinsa (accusative genitive singular)
alkoholinsa (accusative genitive plural)
alkoholinsa (genitive singular)
alkoholiensa (genitive plural)
alkoholiaan (partitive singular)
alkoholiansa (partitive singular)
alkoholejaan (partitive plural)
alkoholejansa (partitive plural)
alkoholissaan (inessive singular)
alkoholissansa (inessive singular)
alkoholeissaan (inessive plural)
alkoholeissansa (inessive plural)
alkoholistaan (elative singular)
alkoholistansa (elative singular)
alkoholeistaan (elative plural)
alkoholeistansa (elative plural)
alkoholiinsa (illative singular)
alkoholeihinsa (illative plural)
alkoholillaan (adessive singular)
alkoholillansa (adessive singular)
alkoholeillaan (adessive plural)
alkoholeillansa (adessive plural)
alkoholiltaan (ablative singular)
alkoholiltansa (ablative singular)
alkoholeiltaan (ablative plural)
alkoholeiltansa (ablative plural)
alkoholilleen (allative singular)
alkoholillensa (allative singular)
alkoholeilleen (allative plural)
alkoholeillensa (allative plural)
alkoholinaan (essive singular)
alkoholinansa (essive singular)
alkoholeinaan (essive plural)
alkoholeinansa (essive plural)
alkoholikseen (singular translative)
alkoholiksensa (singular translative)
alkoholeikseen (plural translative)
alkoholeiksensa (plural translative)
alkoholittaan (abessive singular)
alkoholittansa (abessive singular)
alkoholeittaan (abessive plural)
alkoholeittansa (abessive plural)
alkoholeineen (comitative plural)
alkoholeinensa (comitative plural)

Ultimately from an uncertain Arabic term. See alcohol for more.

(organic chemistry) alcohol (organic compound containing a hydroxyl functional group)


alkoholi

sw-noun

alkoholi class IX (plural alkoholi class X)

alkoholi class IX (canonical)
alkoholi class X (plural)
alikoholi (alternative)


flunitrazepam

From flu(oro)- + nitr- + -azepam. First use appears c. 1973 in the South African Medical Journal.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A short-acting benzodiazepine derivative with relatively long-lasting sedative effects, used as a hypnotic and as a premedication for anesthesia; 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, C₁₆H₁₂FN₃O₃.


homology

en-noun

homology (countable and uncountable, plural homologies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-homology.wav

Henri Poincaré
Homology
MathWorld
singular homology

From homo- + -logy.
In topology, first used by French polymath Henri Poincaré, in the sense (close to what is now called a bordism) of a relation between manifolds mapped into a reference manifold: that is, the property of such manifolds that they form the boundary of a higher-dimensional manifold inside the reference manifold. Poincaré's version was eventually replaced by the more general singular homology, which is what mathematicians now mean by homology.

homologia

biology, psychology: relationship of having a common evolutionary or developmental origin

The relationship of being homologous; a homologous relationship.

(organic chemistry) The relationship, between organic compounds, of being in the same homologous series.

homologia

organic chemistry: relationship of being in the same homologous series


hypericin

hypericin (countable and uncountable, plural hypericins)

(organic chemistry, medicine) A red-coloured anthraquinone derivative, extracted from St. John's wort or prepared synthetically, used as an antidepressant and antiviral agent.


ketide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing adjacent methylene and carbonyl functional groups.


polyketide

(organic chemistry) Any polymer whose monomer is a ketide.


citronsyra

citronsyra (indefinite nominative singular)
citronsyras (genitive indefinite singular)
citronsyran (definite nominative singular)
citronsyrans (definite genitive singular)


tricarboxylic acid cycle

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The Krebs cycle.

trikarboksyylihappokierto

the Krebs cycle — see also Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle


octadecanoic acid

octadecanoic acid (countable and uncountable, plural octadecanoic acids)

(organic chemistry) Synonym of stearic acid

octadecanoate

coordinate as a base versus an acid, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


resinate

From resin acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt of a resin acid.


(organic chemistry) An isomer of naphthoquinone.


frusemide

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Former BAN name of the drug furosemide.


Lasix

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A brand of the drug furosemide.


lysergic acid diethylamide

lysergic acid diethylamide (uncountable)

(organic chemistry) A powerful synthetic hallucinogen, commonly abbreviated LSD.

tartrát dietilamída lizergínovoj kislotý

тартра́т диэтилами́да лизерги́новой кислоты́


diethyl

diethyl (countable and uncountable, plural diethyls)

(organic chemistry) Two ethyl groups attached to the same molecule.


theobromine

theobromine (countable and uncountable, plural theobromines)

theobromines (plural)
theobromin (alternative)

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid, of similar structure to caffeine, found in chocolate/cocoa.


decano

(organic chemistry) decane (aliphatic hydrocarbon isomer having the chemical formula C₁₀H₂₂)


decano

es-noun

decano m (plural decanos, feminine decana, feminine plural decanas)

decanos (plural)
decana (feminine)
decanas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin decānus, from Latin decem (“ten”). Doublet of deán (“dean”), which was borrowed from Old French, and of the archaic or rare Spanish degano (“head or administrator of a hacienda in the countryside”), which was inherited.


decine

(obsolete, organic chemistry) decenylene


MEK

catalyst: A chemical that makes the polyester resin harden, usually MEK (methyl-ethyl-ketone)

1973, William Desmond Nelson, Surfing: A Handbook, page 220:

methyl ethyl ketone
methyl ethyl ketone#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of methyl ethyl ketone.


(organic chemistry) The industrial solvent butanone.


abietic acid

From Latin abiet, abies (“silver fir”) + English -ic (“having the character of”), + acid.

(organic chemistry) A yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes and esters for plasticizers; C₁₉H₂₉COOH

abiëtinezuur

a yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes


resin acid

(organic chemistry) Any of many terpenoid acids produced by the resin ducts of conifers.


glycosylation

en-noun

glycosylation (countable and uncountable, plural glycosylations)

(organic chemistry) The reaction of a saccharide with a hydroxy or amino functional group to form a glycoside; especially the reaction with a protein or lipid to form a glycoprotein or glycolipid.


alkohol

head

alkohol (genitive alkoholi, partitive alkoholi)

alkoholi (genitive)
alkoholi (partitive)
alkohol (nominative singular)
alkoholid (nominative plural)
alkohol (accusative nominative singular)
alkoholid (accusative nominative plural)
alkoholi (accusative genitive singular)
alkoholid (accusative genitive plural)
alkoholi (genitive singular)
alkoholide (genitive plural)
alkoholi (partitive singular)
alkohole (partitive plural)
alkoholisid (partitive plural)
alkoholi (illative singular)
alkoholisse (illative singular)
alkoholidesse (illative plural)
alkoholesse (illative plural)
alkoholis (inessive singular)
alkoholides (inessive plural)
alkoholes (inessive plural)
alkoholist (elative singular)
alkoholidest (elative plural)
alkoholest (elative plural)
alkoholile (allative singular)
alkoholidele (allative plural)
alkoholele (allative plural)
alkoholil (adessive singular)
alkoholidel (adessive plural)
alkoholel (adessive plural)
alkoholilt (ablative singular)
alkoholidelt (ablative plural)
alkoholelt (ablative plural)
alkoholiks (singular translative)
alkoholideks (plural translative)
alkoholeks (plural translative)
alkoholini (singular terminative)
alkoholideni (plural terminative)
alkoholina (essive singular)
alkoholidena (essive plural)
alkoholita (abessive singular)
alkoholideta (abessive plural)
alkoholiga (comitative singular)
alkoholidega (comitative plural)


alkohol

alkohol-alkohol (plural)
alcohol (alternative)

From Dutch alcohol, from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).


alkohol

alkohol (indefinite nominative singular)
alkohols (genitive indefinite singular)
alkoholen (definite nominative singular)
alkoholens (definite genitive singular)
alkoholer (indefinite nominative plural)
alkoholers (genitive indefinite plural)
alkoholerna (definite nominative plural)
alkoholernas (definite genitive plural)

(countable or uncountable, organic chemistry) alcohol


alkohol

alkohól (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜓᜑᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
alkuol (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish alcohol (“alcohol”), but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/ due to English influence (cf. hedonismo, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon), from Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥū́l), from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).


amygdalate

en-noun

amygdalate (countable and uncountable, plural amygdalates)

(organic chemistry, countable) Any salt or ester of amygdalic acid.


amygdalic acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) mandelic acid


mandelic acid

(organic chemistry) 2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid, C₆H₅CH(OH)COOH; originally extracted from bitter almonds, it has antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties.


methylbenzene

methylbenzene (countable and uncountable, plural methylbenzenes)


interesterification

interesterification (countable and uncountable, plural interesterifications)

(organic chemistry) The reaction of an ester with an alcohol in order to obtain a different ester.


vinyl cyanide

These simulations suggest that vinyl cyanide (C₂H₃CN; also known as acrylonitrile or propenenitrile) would be the best candidate species for the formation of these hypothesized cell-like membranes, known as “azotosomes” (2).

2017 July 28, Mareen Y. Palmer, “ALMA detection and astrobiological potential of vinyl cyanide on Titan”, in Science Advances, volume 3, number 7:

(organic chemistry) The compound acrylonitrile.


benzaldehyde

benzaldehyde (countable and uncountable, plural benzaldehydes)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) A chemical compound (C₆H₅CHO) consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent.


重合体

ja-noun

重(じゅう)合(ごう)体(たい) • (jūgōtai)


quinol

(organic chemistry) Synonym of hydroquinone


homolog

homologs (plural)
homologon (alternative)
homologue (alternative)

/ˈhɑːməlɑːɡ/

/ˈhoʊməlɑːɡ/

Borrowed from French homologue, From Ancient Greek ὁμόλογος (homólogos, “agreeing, of one mind”), equivalent to homo- + -log.

der

Something homologous; a homologous organ or part, chemical compound, chromosome, gene, or cultural element.

(organic chemistry) A member of a homologous series.


diethyl ether

Volatiles of kecap manis and its raw materials were extracted using Likens-Nickerson apparatus with diethyl ether as the extraction solvent. The extracts were then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated using a rotary evaporator followed by flushing using nitrogen until the volume was about 0.5 ml.

1997, A. J. Taylor, D. S. Mothram, editors, Flavour Science: Recent Developments, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 63:

(organic chemistry) A clear, colorless, highly flammable liquid with a low boiling point and chemical formula CH₃-CH₂-O-CH₂-CH₃. Used as a solvent and in the past as a general anesthetic.


ethoxyethane

en-noun

ethoxyethane (usually uncountable, plural ethoxyethanes)

(organic chemistry, systematic name) diethyl ether.


ethyl ether

(organic chemistry) Synonym of diethyl ether


(organic chemistry, IUPAC name) isoprene


crocetin

crocetin (countable and uncountable, plural crocetins)

(organic chemistry) A natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower.


crocin

crocin (countable and uncountable, plural crocins)

(organic chemistry) A natural carotenoid that is found in the flowers crocus and gardenia.


tretinoin

tretinoin (usually uncountable, plural tretinoins)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The all-trans isomer of retinoic acid that is applied to the skin to treat severe acne and reduce facial wrinkles, roughness, and pigmented spots.


ATRA

all-trans retinoic acid
all-trans retinoic acid#English

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of all-trans retinoic acid.


all-trans retinoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Tretinoin.


methanal

(organic chemistry) The IUPAC name for formaldehyde, rarely used in research or industry.


sinine

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid found in Heimia salicifolia.


amiid

head

amiid (genitive amiidi, partitive amiidi)


alküün

alküün (genitive alküüni, partitive alküüni)

alküüni (genitive)
alküüni (partitive)
alküün (nominative singular)
alküünid (nominative plural)
alküün (accusative nominative singular)
alküünid (accusative nominative plural)
alküüni (accusative genitive singular)
alküünid (accusative genitive plural)
alküüni (genitive singular)
alküünide (genitive plural)
alküüni (partitive singular)
alküüne (partitive plural)
alküünisid (partitive plural)
alküüni (illative singular)
alküünisse (illative singular)
alküünidesse (illative plural)
alküünesse (illative plural)
alküünis (inessive singular)
alküünides (inessive plural)
alküünes (inessive plural)
alküünist (elative singular)
alküünidest (elative plural)
alküünest (elative plural)
alküünile (allative singular)
alküünidele (allative plural)
alküünele (allative plural)
alküünil (adessive singular)
alküünidel (adessive plural)
alküünel (adessive plural)
alküünilt (ablative singular)
alküünidelt (ablative plural)
alküünelt (ablative plural)
alküüniks (singular translative)
alküünideks (plural translative)
alküüneks (plural translative)
alküünini (singular terminative)
alküünideni (plural terminative)
alküünina (essive singular)
alküünidena (essive plural)
alküünita (abessive singular)
alküünideta (abessive plural)
alküüniga (comitative singular)
alküünidega (comitative plural)


alkeen

nl-noun

alkeen m (plural alkenen, diminutive alkeentje n)

alkenen (plural)
alkeentje (diminutive neuter)


alkeen

head

alkeen (genitive alkeeni, partitive alkeeni)

alkeeni (genitive)
alkeeni (partitive)
alkeen (nominative singular)
alkeenid (nominative plural)
alkeen (accusative nominative singular)
alkeenid (accusative nominative plural)
alkeeni (accusative genitive singular)
alkeenid (accusative genitive plural)
alkeeni (genitive singular)
alkeenide (genitive plural)
alkeeni (partitive singular)
alkeene (partitive plural)
alkeenisid (partitive plural)
alkeeni (illative singular)
alkeenisse (illative singular)
alkeenidesse (illative plural)
alkeenesse (illative plural)
alkeenis (inessive singular)
alkeenides (inessive plural)
alkeenes (inessive plural)
alkeenist (elative singular)
alkeenidest (elative plural)
alkeenest (elative plural)
alkeenile (allative singular)
alkeenidele (allative plural)
alkeenele (allative plural)
alkeenil (adessive singular)
alkeenidel (adessive plural)
alkeenel (adessive plural)
alkeenilt (ablative singular)
alkeenidelt (ablative plural)
alkeenelt (ablative plural)
alkeeniks (singular translative)
alkeenideks (plural translative)
alkeeneks (plural translative)
alkeenini (singular terminative)
alkeenideni (plural terminative)
alkeenina (essive singular)
alkeenidena (essive plural)
alkeenita (abessive singular)
alkeenideta (abessive plural)
alkeeniga (comitative singular)
alkeenidega (comitative plural)


atsetüül

atsetüül (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])


karboksüülhape

karboksüülhape (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])


polümeer

polümeer (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])


furaan

furaan (genitive furaani, partitive furaani)

furaani (genitive)
furaani (partitive)
furaan (nominative singular)
furaanid (nominative plural)
furaan (accusative nominative singular)
furaanid (accusative nominative plural)
furaani (accusative genitive singular)
furaanid (accusative genitive plural)
furaani (genitive singular)
furaanide (genitive plural)
furaani (partitive singular)
furaane (partitive plural)
furaanisid (partitive plural)
furaani (illative singular)
furaanisse (illative singular)
furaanidesse (illative plural)
furaanesse (illative plural)
furaanis (inessive singular)
furaanides (inessive plural)
furaanes (inessive plural)
furaanist (elative singular)
furaanidest (elative plural)
furaanest (elative plural)
furaanile (allative singular)
furaanidele (allative plural)
furaanele (allative plural)
furaanil (adessive singular)
furaanidel (adessive plural)
furaanel (adessive plural)
furaanilt (ablative singular)
furaanidelt (ablative plural)
furaanelt (ablative plural)
furaaniks (singular translative)
furaanideks (plural translative)
furaaneks (plural translative)
furaanini (singular terminative)
furaanideni (plural terminative)
furaanina (essive singular)
furaanidena (essive plural)
furaanita (abessive singular)
furaanideta (abessive plural)
furaaniga (comitative singular)
furaanidega (comitative plural)


tautomeeria

tautomeeria (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])


pentano

eo-head

pentano (accusative singular pentanon, plural pentanoj, accusative plural pentanojn)

pentanon (accusative singular)
pentanoj (plural)
pentanojn (accusative plural)


pentano

(organic chemistry) pentane (aliphatic hydrocarbon: C₅H₁₂)


アルコール

→ Pohnpeian: ahrkohl

[a̠ɾɯ̟ko̞ːɾɯ̟]

Daijisen
Dokkyo University
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
historical kana orthography
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:松村明

/arukohoru/ → /arukoːru/
Borrowed from Dutch alcohol, initially borrowed and pronounced as アルコホル (arukohoru) with evidence of a phonetic kanji spelling as 亜(あ)爾(る)箇(こ)保(ほ)児(る) (arukohoru). The medial /h/ appears to have fallen out due to historical kana orthography-induced spelling pronunciation (ho→wo→o), in the manner of the evolution of 凍(こほ)る (kōru). Compare French alcool, Italian alcol, Portuguese álcool, where Romance languages also lost the medial /h/.

消毒用アルコール

rubbing alcohol; disinfecting-use alcohol


amfetamiin

head

amfetamiin (genitive amfetamiini, partitive amfetamiini)

amfetamiini (genitive)
amfetamiini (partitive)
amfetamiin (nominative singular)
amfetamiinid (nominative plural)
amfetamiin (accusative nominative singular)
amfetamiinid (accusative nominative plural)
amfetamiini (accusative genitive singular)
amfetamiinid (accusative genitive plural)
amfetamiini (genitive singular)
amfetamiinide (genitive plural)
amfetamiini (partitive singular)
amfetamiine (partitive plural)
amfetamiinisid (partitive plural)
amfetamiini (illative singular)
amfetamiinisse (illative singular)
amfetamiinidesse (illative plural)
amfetamiinesse (illative plural)
amfetamiinis (inessive singular)
amfetamiinides (inessive plural)
amfetamiines (inessive plural)
amfetamiinist (elative singular)
amfetamiinidest (elative plural)
amfetamiinest (elative plural)
amfetamiinile (allative singular)
amfetamiinidele (allative plural)
amfetamiinele (allative plural)
amfetamiinil (adessive singular)
amfetamiinidel (adessive plural)
amfetamiinel (adessive plural)
amfetamiinilt (ablative singular)
amfetamiinidelt (ablative plural)
amfetamiinelt (ablative plural)
amfetamiiniks (singular translative)
amfetamiinideks (plural translative)
amfetamiineks (plural translative)
amfetamiinini (singular terminative)
amfetamiinideni (plural terminative)
amfetamiinina (essive singular)
amfetamiinidena (essive plural)
amfetamiinita (abessive singular)
amfetamiinideta (abessive plural)
amfetamiiniga (comitative singular)
amfetamiinidega (comitative plural)