murrangatin

Shortened form of Murraya elongata + -in.

(organic chemistry) A coumarin found in Murraya intermedia (syn. Murraya elongata).


micromelin

(organic chemistry) A coumarin found in Micromelum minutum.


phebalosin

(organic chemistry) A coumarin found in Phebalium species.


myristoleate

From myristoleic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

Of these, seven were unsaturated fatty acid derivatives (methyl oleate, methyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate, methyl linoleate, methyl (Z)-9-octadecenoate, methyl octadecanoate, methyl (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate and methyl myristoleate), while the remaining three were saturated fatty acid derivatives (Fig 3 ; Table 1 ).

2016 January 6, “Aflatoxin Contamination Detected in Nutrient and Anti-Oxidant Rich Edible Stink Bug Stored in Recycled Grain Containers”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of myristoleic acid.


transphosphatidylation

Thirty micrograms of total protein were added to the transphosphatidylation reaction mixture present at final concentrations of 100 mM MES (pH 6.5), 25 mM CaCl 2, 0.5 mM SDS, 1% (v/v) ethanol, and 2 mM phosphatidylcholine (PC; from egg yolk), in a total volume of 150 μL. The mixture was placed in a water bath at 30°C and shaken at 100 rpm for 30 min.

2016 January 6, “Methanol-Promoted Lipid Remodelling during Cooling Sustains Cryopreservation Survival of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which a phosphatidyl group is transferred from one molecule to another


heterobonded

In this chemical reaction, CH 4 is readily formed from the S-CH 3 groups of organosulfur compounds in a model system containing iron(II/III), H 2 O 2 and ascorbate that uses organic compounds with heterobonded CH 3 groups for CH 4 generation under ambient (1,000 mbar and 22°C) and aerobic (21% O 2 ) conditions.

2016 January 8, “Inhaled Methane Limits the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Dysfunction during Experimental Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) bonded via a heteroatom


lysophosphatidylglycerol

Recombinant plant and mouse CGI-58 both lack acyltransferase activity towards either lysophosphatidylglycerol or lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidic acid and recombinant plant CGI-58 does not catalyze TAG or phospholipid hydrolysis.

2016 January 9, “Reassessing the Potential Activities of Plant CGI-58 Protein”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any lysophospholipid in which the small organic molecule is glycerol


monobutyl

DBP and its major metabolite, monobutyl phthalate (MBP), are commonly detected in a variety of biological samples [7 ].

2016 January 9, “Vimentin-Mediated Steroidogenesis Induced by Phthalate Esters: Involvement of DNA Demethylation and Nuclear Factor κB”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, in combination) A single butyl group in a molecule


oleanitrile

Whereas, the contents of piperidine, oxalate, octadecanoate, urea, carbamate, ethane and oleanitrile decreased 0.2-fold, 0.3-fold, 0.5-fold, 0.02-fold, 0.009-fold, 0.3-fold and 0.15-fold, correspondingly.

2016 January 12, “Metabolic Analysis of Medicinal Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium huoshanense during Different Growth Years”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The nitrile formally derived from oleic acid by replacement of the -COOH group by -CN


tetraketide

In addition, the hydroxylated alkylpyrones generated by sequential actions of acyl-CoA synthetase, anther-specific chalcone synthase-like enzyme (ASCL) and tetraketide α-pyrone reductase are either direct sporopollenin monomers or incorporated into sporopollenin after further modifications.

2016 January 12, “PpASCL, the Physcomitrella patens Anther-Specific Chalcone Synthase-Like Enzyme Implicated in Sporopollenin Biosynthesis, Is Needed for Integrity of the Moss Spore Wall and Spore Viability”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing four ketide groups


vesamicol

Because synapse loss and dysfunction occur before fibrillary tau tangles emerge in the tauopathy mouse AD model[20 ], VAChT may be used as a possible in vivo target for diagnoses of AD. It has been shown that vesamicol (2-(4-phenylpiperidino) cyclohexanol) binds to the ACh transporter on presynaptic acetylcholine storage vesicles and inhibits ACh uptake into the vesicle[21 ,22 ].

2016 January 12, “In Vivo Differences between Two Optical Isomers of Radioiodinated o -iodo- trans -decalinvesamicol for Use as a Radioligand for the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, medicine) The drug 2-(4-phenyl-1-piperidyl)cyclohexan-1-ol that inhibits acetylcholine


paraffinic acid

(organic chemistry, archaic) The organic compound with chemical formula C₂₄H₄₈O₂.


solanesol

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated polyisoprenoid alcohol found in tobacco.


aicéiti-

aicéiti-
n-aicéiti-
haicéiti-
t-aicéiti-


glycoligand

(organic chemistry) Any ligand formed from a sugar moiety


genipocyanin

In addition, in the presence of an equimolar amount of glycine, GNP can dimerize to generate genipocyanin G1, which is a blue-pigmented, highly conjugated dimeric adduct with the ability to cross-link proteins.

2016 January 16, “The Hydroxyl at Position C1 of Genipin Is the Active Inhibitory Group that Affects Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 in Panc-1 Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A blue pigment formed by the reaction of genipin and glycine


aplysulphurin

For comparison with other nudibranchs from the family Chromodorididae, but not found in this genus, we also purified the compound aplysulphurin ( 8 ), a major compound found in Goniobranchus splendidus [43 ].

2016 January 21, “Choose Your Weaponry: Selective Storage of a Single Toxic Compound, Latrunculin A, by Closely Related Nudibranch Molluscs”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The benzopyran derivative (2S,6R,8aS)-6-methyl-7-oxo-5-[(1S)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl]-2,6,7,8a-tetrahydrofuro[4,3,2-ij]isochromen-2-yl acetate found in a sea slug of the genus Goniobranchus


isolaulimalide

A previous study demonstrated that, in addition to latrunculin A, laulimides (laulimalide and isolaulimalide) were also found in Chromodoris lochi [10 ], while puupehenone was been isolated from C.

(organic chemistry) An isomer of laulimalide


thiocysteine

One of the most abundant R-SSH, thiocysteine (L-cysteine persulfide; CysSSH) is synthesized from cystine in the reaction catalyzed by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (γ-cystathionase; CSE) [23 ] (S1A Fig ).

2016 January 26, “Cysteine Metabolism and Oxidative Processes in the Rat Liver and Kidney after Acute and Repeated Cocaine Treatment”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A persulfide of cysteine


beta-naphthol

(organic chemistry) A fluorescent crystalline solid with the chemical formula C₁₀H₇OH, used as an intermediate in the production of dyes and other compounds.


pellotine

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid from the cactus Lophophora diffusa, formerly used as a soporific drug.


anhalamine

Lophophora williamsii
Lophophora williamsii#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A bioactive isolate of Lophophora williamsii.


PUFA

polyunsaturated fatty acid
polyunsaturated fatty acid#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polyunsaturated fatty acid.


dibutyl phthalate

en-noun

dibutyl phthalate (countable and uncountable, plural dibutyl phthalates)

dibutyl phthalates (plural)
dibutylphthalate (alternative)

(organic chemistry) The organic compound with chemical formula C₁₆H₂₂O₄, used as a plasticizer and ectoparasiticide.


thialysine

These substances were L-arginine hydroxamate, miltefosine, D,L—serine hydroxamate, D- serine, glycine hydrochloride, sodium caprylate, blasticidin hydrochloride, thioridazine hydrochloride, 6-azuracil, thialysine, malic acid, tartaric acid, 5-fluorocytosine, chloroquine, cinnamic acid and 5-fluorouracil.

2016 January 28, “Comparison of Chemical Sensitivity of Fresh and Long-Stored Heat Resistant Neosartorya fischeri Environmental Isolates Using BIOLOG Phenotype MicroArray System”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A toxic analog of the amino acid lysine, S-aminoethyl-L-cysteine


glycerophosphorylation

Since we were unable to assign the mass of this neutral loss to any part of the glycerophosphorylation, it is possible that this unusual modification has a different chemical nature.

2016 January 29, “Histone H1 Variants in Arabidopsis Are Subject to Numerous Post-Translational Modifications, Both Conserved and Previously Unknown in Histones, Suggesting Complex Functions of H1 in Plants”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

glycerophosphoric acid
glycerophosphoric acid

(organic chemistry) phosphorylation with a glycerophosphoric acid (or derivative)


propionylate

en-verb

propionylate (third-person singular simple present propionylates, present participle propionylating, simple past and past participle propionylated)

propionylates (present singular third-person)
propionylating (participle present)
propionylated (participle past)
propionylated (past)

From propionyl + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

(organic chemistry) To react with propionic acid or one of its derivatives; to introduce one or more propionyl groups into a substance.


propionylation

While the majority of modifications detected in Arabidopsis H1s, including phosphorylation, acetylation, mono- and dimethylation, formylation, crotonylation and propionylation, have also been reported in H1s of other species, some others have not been previously identified in histones.

(organic chemistry) The reaction of a substance with propionic acid or one of its derivatives; the introduction of one or more propionyl groups into a substance


biurate

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A urate containing twice as much of the uric acid constituent as an ordinary urate.


borine

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) A compound of one atom of boron and three atoms or molecules of a univalent radical

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated heterocycle that has five carbon atoms, one boron atom and two double bonds


methoximate

methoximate (third-person singular simple present methoximates, present participle methoximating, simple past and past participle methoximated)

methoximates (present singular third-person)
methoximating (participle present)
methoximated (participle past)
methoximated (past)

(organic chemistry) To react with a methoxyamine compound


sulfoform

(organic chemistry) Any sulfated epitope of α-glucosamine


galactoglycerolipid

As the organism enters the TAG accumulation phase, transcripts representing the final biosynthesis steps for TAG and the galactoglycerolipid lipases are up-regulated.

2016 February 4, “Use of De Novo Transcriptome Libraries to Characterize a Novel Oleaginous Marine Chlorella Species during the Accumulation of Triacylglycerols”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any glycolipid having a glycerol and a galactose moiety


mevaldic acid

(organic chemistry) The hydroxy acid 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxopentanoic acid


prostamide

(organic chemistry) The ethanolamide of a prostaglandin


rhamnosylation

Consequently, since the enzymatic catalytic site may have one or more pockets for substrate binding, and may generally be suitable for drug design and development (i.e., druggable), the rhamnosylation enzyme EarP(Nm) is an attractive target for antibiotic drug development toward the treatment of meningitis.

2016 February 4, “Neisseria meningitidis Translation Elongation Factor P and Its Active-Site Arginine Residue Are Essential for Cell Viability”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any reaction that forms a rhamnoside


триметиламин

ru-noun+

триметилами́н

триметилами́н • (trimetilamín) m inan (genitive триметилами́на, nominative plural триметилами́ны, genitive plural триметилами́нов)

триметилами́н (canonical)
trimetilamín (romanization)
триметилами́на (genitive)
триметилами́ны (nominative plural)
триметилами́нов (genitive plural)
триметилами́н (nominative singular)
триметилами́ны (nominative plural)
триметилами́на (genitive singular)
триметилами́нов (genitive plural)
триметилами́ну (dative singular)
триметилами́нам (dative plural)
триметилами́н (accusative singular)
триметилами́ны (accusative plural)
триметилами́ном (instrumental singular)
триметилами́нами (instrumental plural)
триметилами́не (prepositional singular)
триметилами́нах (plural prepositional)

[trʲɪmʲɪtʲɪɫɐˈmʲin]

ru:триметиламин


тетрахлорметан

тетрахлормета́н

тетрахлормета́н//tɛtraxlormetán

тетрахлормета́н • (tetraxlormetán, tɛtraxlormetán) m inan (genitive тетрахлормета́на, nominative plural тетрахлормета́ны, genitive plural тетрахлормета́нов)

тетрахлормета́н (canonical)
tetraxlormetán (romanization)
tɛtraxlormetán (romanization)
тетрахлормета́на (genitive)
тетрахлормета́ны (nominative plural)
тетрахлормета́нов (genitive plural)
тетрахлормета́н (nominative singular)
tetraxlormetán (nominative singular)
tɛtraxlormetán (nominative singular)
тетрахлормета́ны (nominative plural)
tetraxlormetány (nominative plural)
tɛtraxlormetány (nominative plural)
тетрахлормета́на (genitive singular)
tetraxlormetána (genitive singular)
tɛtraxlormetána (genitive singular)
тетрахлормета́нов (genitive plural)
tetraxlormetánov (genitive plural)
tɛtraxlormetánov (genitive plural)
тетрахлормета́ну (dative singular)
tetraxlormetánu (dative singular)
tɛtraxlormetánu (dative singular)
тетрахлормета́нам (dative plural)
tetraxlormetánam (dative plural)
tɛtraxlormetánam (dative plural)
тетрахлормета́н (accusative singular)
tetraxlormetán (accusative singular)
tɛtraxlormetán (accusative singular)
тетрахлормета́ны (accusative plural)
tetraxlormetány (accusative plural)
tɛtraxlormetány (accusative plural)
тетрахлормета́ном (instrumental singular)
tetraxlormetánom (instrumental singular)
tɛtraxlormetánom (instrumental singular)
тетрахлормета́нами (instrumental plural)
tetraxlormetánami (instrumental plural)
tɛtraxlormetánami (instrumental plural)
тетрахлормета́не (prepositional singular)
tetraxlormetáne (prepositional singular)
tɛtraxlormetáne (prepositional singular)
тетрахлормета́нах (plural prepositional)
tetraxlormetánax (plural prepositional)
tɛtraxlormetánax (plural prepositional)

carbon tetrachloride
carbon tetrachloride

(organic chemistry) carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloromethane

ru:тетрахлорметан


arginylation

More precisely, this work scrutinizes the relevance of the tRNA nucleotides at position 20, 35 and 36 in the yeast arginylation reaction.

2016 February 5, “The Enzymatic Paradox of Yeast Arginyl-tRNA Synthetase: Exclusive Arginine Transfer Controlled by a Flexible Mechanism of tRNA Recognition”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The addition of an arginyl group to a compound.


bromoacetylated

Briefly, bromoacetic acid activated by diisopropylcarbodiimide is used to form a bromoacetylated intermediate on a terminal secondary amine group.

2016 February 6, “In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Characterization of Peptoids as Antimicrobial Agents”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) That has been reacted with bromoacetic acid (or one of its derivatives)


草酸

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sŋ̍⁴⁴/


alafenamide

Based on the results of this study, it is reasonable for HIV clinics to consider including more formal evaluation of tubular damage in routine monitoring urinalyses for patients on TDF. Given ongoing concerns regarding potential nephrotoxicity of TDF and the need for continued nucleotide reverse transcription inhibitors in the backbone of cART regimens, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), a new TFV prodrug, was recently FDA approved.

2016 February 13, “Is Abnormal Urine Protein/Osmolality Ratio Associated with Abnormal Renal Function in Patients Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate?”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A particular derivative of 6-aminopurine


dealanylation

Accordingly, it is likely that endosomal dealanylation takes place in the endosome giving rise to TLR stimulation and induction of Ifn-β expression and in turn, IL-12 induction.

2016 February 13, “D-Alanylation of Teichoic Acids and Loss of Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine in Staphylococcus aureus during Exponential Growth Phase Enhance IL-12 Production in Murine Dendritic Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The removal of an alanyl group from a molecule


oxazolinium

GH3 GlcNAcases catalyse the hydrolytic reaction through a standard ‘retaining’ mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate [14 ,15 ], while GH20 and GH84 GlcNAcases hydrolyse chitooligosaccharides through a ‘substrate-assisted’ mechanism involving the transient formation of an oxazolinium ion intermediate [16 –18 ].

2016 February 13, “Probing the Catalytic Mechanism of Vibrio harveyi GH20 ?-N -Acetylglucosaminidase by Chemical Rescue”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any cation derived from an oxazole


transpolyisoprene

en-noun

transpolyisoprene (countable and uncountable, plural transpolyisoprenes)

CCC can increase the relative content of ABA by inhibiting the biosynthesis of GA. DCPTA induces carotenoid accumulation and both cis-polyisoprene in guayule and transpolyisoprene in Eucommia ulmoides, Oliv.

2016 February 13, “Mixed Compound of DCPTA and CCC Increases Maize Yield by Improving Plant Morphology and Up-Regulating Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidants”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A trans isomer of polyisoprene


aicrilinítríl

head

aicrilinítríl f (genitive singular aicrilinítríle, nominative plural aicrilinítrílí)

aicrilinítríle (genitive singular)
aicrilinítrílí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aicrilinítríl (indefinite singular)
aicrilinítrílí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aicrilinítríl (indefinite singular)
a aicrilinítrílí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aicrilinítríle (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an aicrilinítríl (definite singular)
na haicrilinítrílí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na haicrilinítríle (definite singular)
na n-aicrilinítrílí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aicrilinítríl (definite singular)
don aicrilinítríl (definite singular)
leis na haicrilinítrílí (definite plural)
aicrilinítríl
n-aicrilinítríl
haicrilinítríl


aicrileach

aicrileach (genitive singular masculine aicriligh, genitive singular feminine aicrilí, plural aicrileacha, not comparable)

aicriligh (genitive masculine singular)
aicrilí (feminine genitive singular)
aicrileacha (plural)
aicrileach (masculine nominative singular)
aicrileach (feminine nominative singular)
aicrileacha (nominative plural)
aicriligh (masculine singular vocative)
aicrileach (feminine singular vocative)
aicrileacha (plural vocative)
aicriligh (genitive masculine singular)
aicrilí (feminine genitive singular)
aicrileacha (genitive plural)
aicrileach (genitive plural)
aicrileach (dative masculine singular)
aicrileach (dative feminine singular)
aicriligh (archaic dative feminine singular)
aicrileacha (dative plural)
níos aicrilí (comparative)
is aicrilí (superlative)


aicrileach

aicrileach m (genitive singular aicriligh, nominative plural aicriligh)

aicriligh (genitive singular)
aicriligh (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aicrileach (indefinite singular)
aicriligh (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aicriligh (indefinite singular)
a aicrileacha (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aicriligh (indefinite singular)
aicrileach (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aicrileach (definite singular)
na haicriligh (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aicriligh (definite singular)
na n-aicrileach (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aicrileach (definite singular)
don aicrileach (definite singular)
leis na haicriligh (definite plural)
aicrileach
n-aicrileach
haicrileach
t-aicrileach


elgonica

We found that the major compounds in the solution were aloin A and aloin B. In addition, 10-hydroxy aloin and elgonica dimers were detected in smaller amounts.

2016 February 17, “The Inhibitory Effect of Natural Products on Protein Fibrillation May Be Caused by Degradation Products – A Study Using Aloin and Insulin”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A particular anthraquinone found in certain aloes, normally as a dimer.


chamigrene

en-noun

chamigrene (countable and uncountable, plural chamigrenes)

There are no reports of a TPS producing chamigrene as the sole sesquiterpene.

2016 February 18, “Rapid Discovery and Functional Characterization of Terpene Synthases from Four Endophytic Xylariaceae”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The sesquiterpene (R)-11-methylene-3,7,7-trimethylspiro[5.5]undec-2-ene


chamigrenyl

A subsequent methylene migration would yield the chamigrenyl cation which could undergo a direct proton abstraction to form β-chamigrene.

(organic chemistry) A univalent radical or cation derived from chamigrene


cuprenyl

Reionization of the ciscoid conformation of NPP and subsequent intramolecular electrophilic attack would form a bisabolyl cation, which followed by a secondary intramolecular electrophilic attack and 1,4-hydride shift, would create a cuprenyl cation.

(organic chemistry) A univalent radical or cation derived from cuprene


cuprene

(organic chemistry) A poorly characterised polymer of acetylene


isoledene

All the major terpenes (pinene, limonene, caryophyllene, chamigrene, gurjunene, selinene, and isoledene) produced from the functional TPSs were detected in the VOC profiles of the four endophytes grown on potato dextrose.

(organic chemistry) The sesquiterpene (1aR,4R,7R,7bS)-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-1a,2,3,4,5,6,7,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulene


phosphohistidine

Unambiguous electron density for a vanadate ion covalently bound to His11 (numbering according to PDB_ID: 4PZ9) mimicking the phosphohistidine intermediate and acetate ion was observed.

2016 February 19, “Prediction of Certain Well-Characterized Domains of Known Functions within the PE and PPE Proteins of Mycobacteria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Either of two N-phosphate derivatives of histidine (in which N-H is replaced by N-PO₃H)


skyllamycin

The cytochrome P450 encoded (sky32) is associated with the skyllamycin biosynthesis gene cluster.

(organic chemistry) Either of a pair of cyclodepsipeptides that are produced by bacteria and fungi and are pharmaceutically used as antibacterials, immunosuppressives, cytostatics and antihelmintics.


aicéatáit

head

aicéatáit f (genitive singular aicéatáite)

aicéatáite (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
aicéatáit (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a aicéatáit (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
aicéatáite (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an aicéatáit (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
na haicéatáite (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an aicéatáit (definite singular)
don aicéatáit (definite singular)
aicéatáit
n-aicéatáit
haicéatáit

From Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + -áit (“-ate”).


schottenol

(organic chemistry) A sterol found in the cactus Pachycereus schottii.


arabinoflavin

The absence of any positive and negative mFo-DFc electron density peaks at 3/-3 sigma levels close to C2’ carbon of arabinoflavin (a-FAD) molecules in all eight AOX1 subunits indicates high occupancy of the modified FAD present in the crystallized protein.

2016 February 24, “Crystal Structure of Alcohol Oxidase from Pichia pastoris”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A flavin, similar to riboflavin but with an arabinose moiety instead of a ribose one


methyllycaconitine

Moreover, the transfection of Het-1A cells with siRNA-α7 or inhibition of the α7-nAChRs with selective antagonist methyllycaconitine has resulted in the disappearance of the effects induced by this SLURP-1 analogue [13 ].

2016 February 24, “Human Secreted Ly-6/uPAR Related Protein-1 (SLURP-1) Is a Selective Allosteric Antagonist of ?7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A particular toxic diterpenoid alkaloid found in many species of Delphinium (larkspurs).


enhydrin

(organic chemistry) A particular melampolide.


uvedalin

(organic chemistry) A particular melampolide found in Polymnia uvedalia.


longipin

(organic chemistry) A particular melampolide found in Melampodium longipes.


polymatin

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of melampolides found in Polymnia species.


melampolide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds found in Melampodium and related plants.


eupahyssopin

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpene lactone found in Eupatorium hyssopifolium.


deoxyelephantopin

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpene lactone found in Elephantopus carolinianus.


molephantin

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpene lactone found in Elephantopus mollis.


elephantopin

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpene lactone found in Elephantopus elatus.


elephantin

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpenoid tumor inhibitor found in Elephantopus elatus.


vernolepin

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the dried fruit of Vernonia amygdalina, with platelet antiaggregating properties.


DHZ

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of dihydrozeatin.


benzyladenine

en-noun

benzyladenine (countable and uncountable, plural benzyladenines)

(organic chemistry) 6-benzylaminopurine, a synthetic cytokinin.


isopentenyladenine

(organic chemistry) A particular cytokinin.


nordentatin

(organic chemistry) A pyranocoumarin with chemical formula C₁₉H₂₀O₄.


bútarach

head

bútarach (genitive singular masculine bútaraigh, genitive singular feminine bútaraí, plural bútaracha, comparative bútaraí)

bútaraigh (genitive masculine singular)
bútaraí (feminine genitive singular)
bútaracha (plural)
bútaraí (comparative)
bútarach (masculine nominative singular)
bhútarach (feminine nominative singular)
bútaracha (nominative plural)
bhútaracha (nominative plural)
bhútaraigh (masculine singular vocative)
bhútarach (feminine singular vocative)
bútaracha (plural vocative)
bhútaraigh (genitive masculine singular)
bútaraí (feminine genitive singular)
bútaracha (genitive plural)
bútarach (genitive plural)
bútarach (dative masculine singular)
bhútarach (dative masculine singular)
bhútarach (dative feminine singular)
bhútaraigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
bútaracha (dative plural)
bhútaracha (dative plural)
níos bútaraí (comparative)
is bútaraí (superlative)
bútarach
bhútarach
mbútarach

/ˈbˠuːt̪ˠəɾˠəx/

From Ancient Greek βούτῡρος (boútūros, “butter”) + -ach (adjectival suffix).


complexone

(organic chemistry) A substance that aids in forming coordination complexes, especially a potent chelating ligand such as EDTA, EGTA, or iminodiacetic acid.


Wenker synthesis

en-noun

Wenker synthesis (countable and uncountable, plural Wenker syntheses)

(organic chemistry) An organic reaction converting a beta amino alcohol to an aziridine with the aid of sulfuric acid.


fenuron

1965, Edwin A. Davis, The Mechanism of Fenuron Injury to Plants, US Department of Agriculture, US Forest Service Research Note RM-50,
Root growth inhibition by 25 p.p.m. fenuron began before shoots emerged and, therefore, before the appearance of visible damage to the leaves. Although root growth was retarded by 25 p.p.m. fenuron, the roots continued to grow for 24 days after the appearance of leaf injury and while the injury increased in severity, which means that leaf injury occurred before the energy supply of the seedlings was exhausted.

High rates of a commercial product containing a mixture of chlorpropham and fenuron were also included in order to ascertain at what level above the recommended rate serious damage would occur.

1970, Experimental Horticulture, Volumes 21-26, page 32:

(organic chemistry) The herbicide 3-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea.


imido-

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to an imide.


孕酮

/yn⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/yn⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) progesterone


EGTA

ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid
ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid.


去甲腎上腺素

ㄑㄩˋ ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄕㄣˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄙㄨˋ

цюйцзяшэньшансяньсу

/t͡ɕʰy⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/

/hɵy̯³³ kaːp̚³ sɐn²² sœːŋ²² siːn³³ sou̯³³/

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) noradrenaline; norepinephrine


甲基

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/


兒茶酚

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ fən⁵⁵/


脂肪酸

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (脂肪酸):
* → Japanese: 脂(し)肪(ぼう)酸(さん) (shibōsan)

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵ su̯än⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵ su̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ syːn⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵ su̯än⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵ su̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ syːn⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) fatty acid


脂肪酸

ja-noun

脂(し)肪(ぼう)酸(さん) • (shibōsan) ^(←しばうさん (sibausan)?)

脂肪酸 (canonical)
shibōsan (romanization)
sibausan (romanization)
しばうさん (hiragana historical)

[ɕibo̞ːsã̠ɴ]


血清素

ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄙㄨˋ

ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄙㄨˋ

ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄙㄨˋ

/ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/hyːt̚³ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

/ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/hyːt̚³ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) serotonin


heliangolide

(organic chemistry) Any of a subgroup of germacranolides associated with the plant genus Helianthus.


lactucopicrin

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpene lactone with sedative and analgesic effects, found in lactucarium.


periplogenin

(organic chemistry) A cardenolide isolated from bael leaves.


oleagenin

(organic chemistry) The aglycone of various oleasides.


micropubescin

Shortened form of Micromelum pubescens, with suffix -in.

(organic chemistry) A coumarin found in Micromelum pubescens.


murrayone

Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A coumarin found in Murraya paniculata.


toddaculin

(organic chemistry) A coumarin found in Toddalia asiatica.


citropten

(organic chemistry) A coumarin, 5,7-dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one found in oil of yellow citron.


ostruthin

(organic chemistry) An organic compound found in the masterwort (Imperatoria ostruthium).


demethylsuberosin

(organic chemistry) The coumarin 6-prenyl-7-hydroxycoumarin.


nodakenin

(organic chemistry) The glycoside of nodakenetin.


coumurrayin

(organic chemistry) A coumarin found in the fruit of Murraya paniculata.


mexoticin

(organic chemistry) A coumarin isolated from Murraya paniculata (syn. Murraya exotica).


girinimbine

(organic chemistry) A carbazole found in certain Murraya species.


koenimbine

Murraya koenigii
Murraya koenigii#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A particular organic compound found in the leaves of the curry tree (Murraya koenigii).


muawine

(archaic, organic chemistry) A poisonous alkaloid obtained from the bark of the muawi, a tree of Mozambique.


myoctonine

Aconitum lycoctonum
Aconitum lycoctonum#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A highly poisonous alkaloid from the plant Aconitum lycoctonum, resembling curare in its action.


myristicol

(organic chemistry, archaic) An oily substance extracted from oil of nutmeg.


lycaconitine

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid obtained from the roots of Aconitum lycoctonum.


ajacine

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid found in various Delphinium species.


desethylsimazine

We have identified an s-triazine hydrolase that catalyzes both the dechlorination and deamination reactions of diamino-s-triazines such as desethylsimazine and desethylatrazine [105 ] in all the strains of the P.

2016 February 26, “Genomic and Genetic Diversity within the Pseudomonas fluorescens Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The heterocyclic diamine 6-chloro-2-N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine


heptadienal

en-noun

heptadienal (countable and uncountable, plural heptadienals)

Our findings revealed that the expression levels of a large number of genes were modulated by the PUAs decadienal, heptadienal and octadienal.

2016 February 26, “Toxic Diatom Aldehydes Affect Defence Gene Networks in Sea Urchins”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any aliphatic aldehyde having seven carbon atoms and two double bonds, but especially 2,4-heptadienal.


isodaucene

GC analysis with electroantennographic detection indicated that the oil constituents n-decanol, 2-undecanone, undecanal, dodecanal, trans-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene, α-humulene, n-dodecanol, isodaucene and dodecanoic acid were able to trigger antennal depolarization in Ae.

2016 March 1, “Evaluation of the Activity of the Essential Oil from an Ornamental Flower against Aedes aegypti : Electrophysiology, Molecular Dynamics and Behavioral Assays”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The sesquiterpene (8aS)-6,8a-dimethyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,3a,4,5,8-hexahydro-1H-azulene


adynerigenin

(organic chemistry) A glycoside with cardiac activity, found in oleander.


benzoxaborole

In a recent study, benzoxaborole analog, a boron-containing compound, has been reported to affect (inhibit) the TLR-mediated response, supporting our speculation concerning the involvement of TLR pathway in manifestation of the effect of boron [35 ].

2016 March 3, “Boron Induces Lymphocyte Proliferation and Modulates the Priming Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Macrophages”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any bicyclic organic heterocycle having a structure in which the nitrogen of a benzoxazole has been replaced by boron


oxaborole

(organic chemistry) A five-membered heterocycle having three carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, one boron atom and two double bonds; it, and its derivatives, are formally derived from an oxazole by replacing the nitrogen atom with one of boron


deesterify

en-verb

deesterify (third-person singular simple present deesterifies, present participle deesterifying, simple past and past participle deesterified)

deesterifies (present singular third-person)
deesterifying (participle present)
deesterified (participle past)
deesterified (past)

(organic chemistry) To remove ester linkages, typically by hydrolysis


heptadecylic

The FAMEs were then resuspended in 0.5 ml hexane for GC-MS analysis. 100 μg of heptadecylic acid (17:0, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was added to each sample prior to the FAME extraction as an internal standard.

2016 March 4, “Characterization of the Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Cucumber: Structure, Phylogeny, and Expression Patterns”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Relating to the heptadecyl radical


heptadecyl

(organic chemistry) Any of very many isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C₁₇H₃₅, formally derived from heptadecane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.


hordatine

Bottom: Mass spectrum with indicated peaks of hydroxycinnamic acid amides as hordatine precursors (m/z 250–350) and of hordatine A, B, C, and D (D not detected, grey font), hydroxylated hordatines (-OH), and hexose-modified derivates (Hex / 2 Hex) at m/z 550–1000.

2016 March 4, “Spatio-Temporal Metabolite Profiling of the Barley Germination Process by MALDI MS Imaging”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of benzofuran glucopyranosides found in ungerminated barley


maltosyl

(organic chemistry) A univalent radical derived from maltose


mevalolactone

Compounds that were negatively correlated with fatty acid odor were mevalolactone, quinic acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, N,N-dimethylhistidine, and pyruvic acid (Table 3 ).

2016 March 4, “Different Polar Metabolites and Protein Profiles between High- and Low-Quality Japanese Ginjo Sake”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The lactone of mevalonic acid


thioguanosine

Several drug classes which are listed top on the list include topoisomerase inhibitors (camptothecin, ellipticine, doxorubicin, etoposide, thioguanine, thioguanosine), multiple histone deacetylase inhibitors (trichostatin A, vorinostat, 5162773, 5186223), PARP inhibitors (1,5-isoquinolinediol, 3-aminobenzamide, phenanthridinone), proteasome inhibitors (MG132, 1,4 chrysenequinone) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitors (alsterpaullone, 02974170002B, GW-8510).

2016 March 4, “PI-3K Inhibitors Preferentially Target CD15+ Cancer Stem Cell Population in SHH Driven Medulloblastoma”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The compound 2-amino-6-mercapto-9-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine formally derived from guanosine by replacing the guanine by thioguanine


typaspidoside

Comparison of the NMR data of 6 with those of 5, the structure of 6 was elucidated as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-furost-5-en-3β,22α,26-triol-7- one-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside, named typaspidoside G. Compound 7 was isolated as a white amorphous powder.

2016 March 4, “Steroidal Saponins from the Rhizomes of Aspidistra typica”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of stanol saponins found in aspidistra plants


androstadienedione

Although there are many microorganisms of different taxa, which are able to convert cholesterol or phytosterols to androstenedione, androstadienedione or other C19-steroids, the efficient microbial conversion of these substrates to pregnenolone has not been described so far.

2015 July 29, Adrian Gerber et al., “Functionalized PHB granules provide the basis for the efficient side-chain cleavage of cholesterol and analogs in recombinant Bacillus megaterium”, in Microbial Cell Factories, volume 14, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The prohormone androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione ((8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-dimethyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione)


dimethacrylate

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different pH solutions on the solubility and wear resistance of Silorane and dimethacrylate resin based composite restorative materials.

2015, Tarek A Soliman et al., “In Vitro Solubility and Wear Rates of Silorane and Dimethacrylate Resin Based Composite Restorative Materials under Different pH Conditions”, in Journal of International Oral Health : JIOH, volume 7:

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing two methacrylate groups


hydroxyalkanoic

It accepts coenzyme A thioesters of hydroxyalkanoic acids (HA) as substrates and catalyzes the polymerization of HAs into PHA while simultaneously releasing CoA.

(organic chemistry) Describing alkanoic acids that have one of more hydroxy substituents


salviol

(organic chemistry) An organic compound with chemical formula C₁₀H₁₆, obtained from oil of sage.


COC

(organic chemistry) Initialism of classic organochlorines.


nitroheterocyclic

For the last 40 years, the nitroheterocyclic compounds benznidazole and nifurtimox have been the only drugs available to treat Chagas disease ( 4, 5 ).

2015 May 26, Amanda Fortes Francisco et al., “Limited Ability of Posaconazole To Cure both Acute and Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi Infections Revealed by Highly Sensitive In Vivo Imaging”, in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, volume 59, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Describing a heterocyclic compound that contains one or more nitro group


polyhydroxyalkanoic

To exclude a possible unspecific gene deletion that could lead to an absence of PHB production, cells of strain GHH3 were transformed with plasmid pSMF3_RBCP (Additional file 1 : Figure S5), encoding the genes of the PHB-synthesis operon: PHA polymerase subunit phaR, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase phaB, polyhydroxyalkanoic acid inclusion protein phaP and the genomically deleted gene phaC .

(organic chemistry) Describing an alkanoic acid that has multiple hydroxy substituents


tertamyl

Six-week-old female mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 2,2,2-trobromoethyl alcohol and tertamyl alcohol, followed by bilateral ovariectomy in sterile conditions.

2015 July 24, Jiangman Gao et al., “Effect of Local Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Subcutaneously Allotransplanted Ovarian Tissue in Ovariectomized Mice”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) tertiary amyl


tertiary amyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent organic radical 2-methyl-2-butyl CH₃CH₂(CH₃)₂C-


dihydroflavonol

(organic chemistry) Synonym of hydroxyflavanone, especially a 3-hydroxyflavanone


hydroxyflavanone

(organic chemistry) Any hydroxy derivative of a flavanone


naphthalenediamine

The mixture was reacted with a Griess solution (4% sulfanilamide in 0.3% naphthalenediamine dichloride, NED) for 15 min.

2015 June 30, Thewarid Berkban et al., “Ellagic Acid Prevents L-NAME-Induced Hypertension via Restoration of eNOS and p47phox Expression in Rats”, in Nutrients, volume 7, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of several isomeric diamino derivatives of naphthalene


小檗鹼

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄅㄛˋ ㄐㄧㄢˇ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


黃連素

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨˋ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ liːn²¹ sou̯³³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ liːn²¹ sou̯³³/


ベルベリン

[be̞ɾɯ̟be̞ɾʲĩɴ]


dialkylthiourea

The general prevalence of positive patch test reactions to mixed dialkylthiourea has been reported as high as 2.4% [ 10 ], and the rise in neoprene use within orthopaedics means it is likely that this will become an increasing problem within the specialty.

2015 July 7, S. Hawkey, S. Ghaffar, “Neoprene Orthopaedic Supports: An Underrecognised Cause of Allergic Contact Dermatitis”, in Case Reports in Orthopedics, volume 2015, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of thiourea having two alkyl groups


glycerophosphorylcholine

However, only 1 H-MRS allows non-invasive and non-radioactive measurement of Glu metabolism. 1 H-MRS is a MR technique, that takes advantage of the fact that the resonance frequency of certain molecules reflects their structure and, thereby, their identity. 1 H-MRS allows the absolute quantification of Glx, phosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylcholine (t-Cho), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre) and myo-inositol (mI).

2015 August 1, Dominique Endres et al., “Hypoglutamatergic state is associated with reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a case report”, in BMC Psychiatry, volume 15, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The glyceryl derivative of phosphorylcholine that combines with fatty acids to form lecithin


haliclonadiamine

Papuamine and haliclonadiamine isolated from Haliclona sp. were reported as active components [ 12 ].

2015 July 6, Woori Bae et al., “Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Marine Sponge Haliclona sp. Extracts Collected from Kosrae in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells”, in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, volume 2015, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An antimicrobial alkaloid found in marine sponges of the genus Haliclona


黃連鹼

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ

хуанляньцзянь

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ liːn²¹ kaːn³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ liːn²¹ kaːn³⁵/


thiocyanuric

[ 148 ] reported a colorimetric method for the determination of mercury ions based on gold nanoparticles and thiocyanuric acid.

2015 July 5, Lakshmi Narayana Suvarapu, Sung-Ok Baek, “Recent Developments in the Speciation and Determination of Mercury Using Various Analytical Techniques”, in Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, volume 2015, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Of, related to, or derived from thiocyanuric acid


thiocyanuric acid

(organic chemistry) The aromatic heterocyclic thiol 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trithiol


annomuricin

Our study was followed by an in vitro bioassay-guided investigation against HT-29 cells, which led to the isolation of annomuricin E.

2015 July 10, Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi et al., “Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities”, in International Journal of Molecular Sciences, volume 16, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of alkyl derivatives of tetrahydrofuran isolated from plants of the genus Annona


annonacinone

Isolated annonacinone and corossolone elicited an EC 50 dose of 6.72–8.00 and 16.14–18.73 µg/mL against the tested species, respectively [ 53 ].

(organic chemistry) An alkyl derivative of furanone, (2S)-4-[(2R,13R)-2,13-dihydroxy-13-[(5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxytridecyl]oxolan-2-yl]-8-oxotridecyl]-2-methyl-2H-furan-5-one, found in plants of the genus Annona.


corossolone

(organic chemistry) An alkyl derivative of furanone, 4-[13-hydroxy-13-[5-(1-hydroxytridecyl)oxolan-2-yl]-8-oxotridecyl]-2-methyl-2H-furan-5-one, isolated from plants of the genus Annona.


polyethoxylation

They comprise a complex mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules produced by a polyethoxylation reaction.

2015 July 29, Sung-Yoon Kang et al., “Intravenous tacrolimus and cyclosporine induced anaphylaxis: what is next?”, in Asia Pacific Allergy, volume 5, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Reaction with multiple instances of ethylene oxide


hexapyridyl

During our initial work on the synthesis of the cyclic porphyrin hexamer c -P6 t Bu, by palladium-catalyzed oxidative coupling of the linear porphyrin monomer l -P1 t Bu or dimer l -P2 t Bu in the presence of the hexapyridyl template T6 (Scheme 1 a), we noticed the formation of a high-mass byproduct, which was identified as the 12-porphyrin nanoring figure-of-eight complex c -P12 t Bu ⋅ ( T6 ) 2 .[ 9b, c ] Analytical gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis of crude reaction mixtures (Figure 1 a ,b) indicated that c -P12 t Bu ⋅ ( T6 ) 2 was formed in yields of 9 and 12 % from l -P1 t Bu and l -P2 t Bu, respectively.

2014 August 25, Dmitry V Kondratuk et al., “Vernier-Templated Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Supramolecular Chemistry of a 12-Porphyrin Nanoring”, in Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany), volume 20, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Six pyridyl radicals in a compound


homosubstituted

NMR spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the free amine ratio stayed relatively constant after 18 h, which again provided support for a model in which the homosubstituted imines acted as amine sinks during equilibration.

2015 June 3, Fredrik Schaufelberger, Lei Hu, Olof Ramström, “trans-Symmetric Dynamic Covalent Systems: Connected Transamination and Transimination Reactions”, in Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany), volume 21, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Having the same substituent


octyloxy

To learn more about this reaction, we investigated the coupling of porphyrin tetramer bearing octyloxy side chains l -P4 C8, as a means to improve the solubility of cyclic byproducts.

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical CH₃-(CH₂)₇-O- derived from octanol


picolyl

(organic chemistry) A univalent radical derived from a picoline


picolylamine

(organic chemistry) Any amine derived from a picoline by replacing a hydrogen atom (of a methyl group) with an -NH₂ group


thioetherification

en-noun

thioetherification (countable and uncountable, plural thioetherifications)

Racemisation and isomerisation study of products under the gold(I)-catalysed thioetherification reaction conditions.

2014 July 30, Lorena Herkert et al., “Gold(I)-Catalysed Direct Thioetherifications Using Allylic Alcohols: an Experimental and Computational Study”, in Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany), volume 20, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The formation of a thioether


thioyl

Notably, the proportion of phosphoryl species 8 b and 9 b compared to thioyl derivatives 8 a and 9 a (P=O vs.

2015 May 26, Piers R J Gaffney et al., “Liquid-Phase Synthesis of 2′-Methyl-RNA on a Homostar Support through Organic-Solvent Nanofiltration”, in Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany), volume 21, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any univalent radical derived from a thiol


thioylation

Once chain extension and thioylation were complete, the crude mixture was then diluted with CH 3 CN, and poured directly into the OSN apparatus (see Supporting Information).

(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which a thioyl radical is attached


transimination

The results showed that reversible transamination and transimination reactions could be carried out orthogonally or connected to provide access to catalyst-controlled dynamic systems with high level of complexities from simple starting materials.

(organic chemistry) Any reaction involving the movement of an imine group


cysteinate

SPECT with 99m Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer showed no abnormal cerebral perfusion, while SPECT with 123 I-iomazenil (performed 3 days after discontinuation of benzodiazepine) showed decreased benzodiazepine receptor binding in the right medial temporal area (Fig. 1 ).

2015 August 5, Kaori Morimoto et al., “Analysis of a child who developed abnormal neuropsychiatric symptoms after administration of oseltamivir: a case report”, in BMC Neurology, volume 15, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The anion derived from cysteine


eicosenoic

(organic chemistry) Relating to eicosenoic acid or its derivatives


eicosene

(organic chemistry) Any of very many isomers of the unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C₂₀H₄₀, but especially 2-eicosene.


glycerophosphonoethanolamine

(organic chemistry) A lipid, similar to a glycerophosphoethanolamine, but with a carbon-phosphorus bond instead of a carbon-oxygen-phosphorus linkage


glycophospholipid

(organic chemistry) Any phospholipid containing a sugar moiety


palmitoleoyl

To a 1.5 mL tube, 67 μL of each palmitoleoyl CoA s and dioleoyl glycerol solutions (1:1 ratio) were added and the reaction was initiated by the addition of 67 μL of microsomes.

2015 August 6, Rodney A. Velliquette et al., “Identification of a botanical inhibitor of intestinal diacylglyceride acyltransferase 1 activity via in vitro screening and a parallel, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial”, in Nutrition & Metabolism, volume 12, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical derived from palmitoleic acid by loss of the hydroxy group


alasairin

head

alasairin f (genitive singular alasairine, nominative plural alasairiní)

alasairine (genitive singular)
alasairiní (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
alasairin (indefinite singular)
alasairiní (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a alasairin (indefinite singular)
a alasairiní (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
alasairine (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an alasairin (definite singular)
na halasairiní (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na halasairine (definite singular)
na n-alasairiní (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an alasairin (definite singular)
don alasairin (definite singular)
leis na halasairiní (definite plural)
alasairin
n-alasairin
halasairin

Borrowed from English alizarin, from French alizarine.


Wöhler synthesis

(organic chemistry) The conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea.


launobine

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual

(organic chemistry) An aporphine found in Laurus nobilis.


lythranidine

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid found in the plant Lythrum anceps.


lythramine

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid found in Lythrum species.


violanthin

(organic chemistry) A flavonoid found in Viola etrusca.


anthranoyllycoctonine

(organic chemistry) A diterpene alkaloid found in the Delphinium genus.


oreodine

(organic chemistry) A diterpene alkaloid found in the plant Delphinium oreophilum.


isopropylphosphate

The L-arabinose derivatives 14 and 18 substituted at position 2 with a phosphate or an isopropylphosphate, respectively, were prepared from the same starting phosphinylated L-arabinose 3 following a similar sequence.

2015 August 5, Abbas El Sahili et al., “A Pyranose-2-Phosphate Motif Is Responsible for Both Antibiotic Import and Quorum-Sensing Regulation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens”, in PLoS Pathogens, volume 11, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any isopropyl phosphate (ester of a phosphoric acid)


pyomelanin

In fact, our results show the death rate was reduced in AES-1M assays compared to AES-1R, despite a lack of pyomelanin in both isogens.

2015 August 7, Christopher J. Harmer et al., “Homogentisate 1-2-Dioxygenase Downregulation in the Chronic Persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Australian Epidemic Strain-1 in the CF Lung”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A pigment, related to melanin, that results from the catabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine


pyrroloindole

As seen in Fig 8, SB-206553 exhibits a binding mode in the α7 nAChR-ECD where the amino group of the carbamate establishes a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl group of Asp133, whereas the pyrroloindole moiety appears located between Phe151 and Phe155, a position that would favor π-stacking interactions between the corresponding aromatic rings.

2015 August 5, Patricia Möller-Acuña et al., “Similarities between the Binding Sites of SB-206553 at Serotonin Type 2 and Alpha7 Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptors: Rationale for Its Polypharmacological Profile”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A tricyclic aromatic heterocycle composed of a pyrrole ring fused to one of indole


alkoxycyclization

A transition state similar to TS 34 – 33 has been proposed in the reaction of cyclopropyl gold(I) carbenes generated by retro-Buchner reaction of 7-cyclopropyl 1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes. 79 Gold(I) complexes are able to catalyze the addition of amines, alcohols, or water to 1, n -enynes affording products of amino-, alkoxy-, or hydroxycyclization under much milder conditions than other metal catalysts. 26, 32, 33, 62, 80 − 82 These additions are stereospecific, as illustrated by the alkoxycyclization of diastereomeric enynes 1m and 1h, and proceed via opening of cyclopropyl gold(I) carbene intermediates 35 by attack of the nucleophile to the cyclopropane ring (Scheme 11 ).

2015 June 10, Ruth Dorel, Antonio M. Echavarren, “Gold-Catalyzed Reactions via Cyclopropyl Gold Carbene-like Intermediates”, in The Journal of Organic Chemistry, volume 80, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A reaction in which the addition of an alkoxy group to one carbon atom of a double or triple bond is accompanied by cyclization


barbaralyl

Intramolecular cyclopropanation of a gold(I) carbene can lead to very complex structures starting from 7-alkynylcyclohepta-1,3,5-trienes 95 (Scheme 25 ). 116 This reaction generates highly fluxional barbaralyl gold(I) cations 96 that can be trapped by the pending alkene to form 97a, b, which are in equilibrium by Cope rearrangement both in the solid state and in solution.

(organic chemistry) A univalent radical derived from barbaralane


dihydroactinidiolide

[ 7 ] isolated phytol, β -sitosterol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and vitamin E while Malek et al. isolated campesterol, stigmasterol, dihydroactinidiolide, and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol in the same year.

2015 July 27, Carolina Carvalho Guilhon et al., “Central Antinociceptive and Mechanism of Action of Pereskia bleo Kunth Leaves Crude Extract, Fractions, and Isolated Compounds”, in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, volume 2015, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A terpenoid insect pheromone formed from actinidiolide by the addition of two hydrogen atoms across a double bond


dihydropyrimidine

en-noun

dihydropyrimidine (countable and uncountable, plural dihydropyrimidines)

Predisposition to the development of steatosis may be associated with individual patient expression of genes involved in 5-FU metabolism, such as low level of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) mRNA expression.

2015 July 26, Liane Rabinowich, Oren Shibolet, “Drug Induced Steatohepatitis: An Uncommon Culprit of a Common Disease”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A heterocycle formed from pyrimidine by the addition of two hydrogen atoms across a double bond


glabridin

Moreover, the metabolites of licorice, glabridin, and glabrene have an estrogen-like effect and have been used for the treatment of menopause [ 16 ].

2015 July 27, Gita Faghihi et al., “Complementary Therapies for Idiopathic Hirsutism: Topical Licorice as Promising Option”, in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, volume 2015, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An isoflavonoid found in licorice


hydroxycyclization

(organic chemistry) A reaction in which the addition of a hydroxy group to one carbon atom of a double or triple bond is accompanied by cyclization


icotinib

Clinical studies on the R&D of new drugs, represented by icotinib and endostatin, also suggest a bright future in China of the development of clinical oncology and the further improvement of the cure rate in patients with advanced NSCLC.

2015 April 22, Yan Wang, Yan Sun, “Clinical experiences with molecular targeted therapy in lung cancer in China”, in Thoracic Cancer, volume 6, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-7,8,10,11,13,14-hexahydro-[1,4,7,10]tetraoxacyclododecino[2,3-g]quinazolin-4-amine


oxatricycle

(organic chemistry) Any tricyclic heterocycle containing oxygen as a heteroatom


oxatricyclic

Oxo-1,5-enynes also undergo an intramolecular gold(I)-catalyzed reaction to form oxatricyclic adducts. 91 We exploited gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] alkyne/alkene/carbonyl cycloadditions in the synthesis of several oxygen-bridged sesquiterpenoids.

(organic chemistry) Relating to an oxatricycle


porfimer

porfimer (countable and uncountable, plural porfimers)

(organic chemistry) Any of several oligomeric porphyrins used in photodynamic therapy


stereodivergent

This cascade cyclization process is ideally suited for the total syntheses of sesquiterpenes (−)-4α,7α-aromadendranediol ( 92 ), (−)-4β,7α-aromadendranediol ( 93 ), and (−)-epiglobulol ( 94 ) from a single dienyne 84b by using a stereodivergent gold(I)-catalyzed reaction as the key step (Scheme 24 ). 115 In the absence of any external nucleophile, cyclopropyl gold(I) carbene intermediate 89 undergoes a 1,5-OBn migration followed by intramolecular cyclopropanation to form tricyclic compound 88b, which is the precursor of 93 and 94 .

(organic chemistry) That produces different chiral forms of the same compound


valerenic

Previous reports also indicated that the roots and rhizomes are highly aromatic and contain valerenic acid that has been shown to inhibit the breakdown of neuro transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that results in sedation.

2015 August 12, Dhanoop Manikoth Ayyathan, Rajasekaran Chandrasekaran, Kalaivani Thiagarajan, “Neuroprotective effect of Tagara, an Ayurvedic drug against methyl mercury induced oxidative stress using rat brain mitochondrial fractions”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Relating to valerenic acid or its derivatives.


valerenic acid

(organic chemistry) The bicyclic sesquiterpenoid carboxylic acid (2E)-3-(3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-2-methylacrylic acid


acetyltransfer

If the conserved region of PanM were the PanD interaction domain, PanD would not be positioned for acetyltransfer, supporting previous studies classifying PanM as an acetyl-CoA sensor [ 11 ].

2015 August 15, Tara N Stuecker et al., “Phylogenetic and amino acid conservation analyses of bacterial l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase and of its zymogen-maturation protein reveal a putative interaction domain”, in BMC Research Notes, volume 8, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The transfer of an acetyl group


cellobionate

For the cellobionate phosphorylase activity assay, 0.5 μM NCU09425 was incubated with 2 mM cellobionate or cellobiose in 1x PBS at 30 °C for 30 min.

2015 August 16, Xin Li et al., “Cellobionic acid utilization: from Neurospora crassa to Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, in Biotechnology for Biofuels, volume 8, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of cellobionic acid


perseitol

At maturity, the total carbohydrates in mesocarp contribute to about 10 % of the flesh weight and are composed of about 10 % starch, 20 % sucrose, 10 % hexoses and 60 % C7 sugars and sugar alcohols (mannoheptulose and perseitol; [ 8 ].

2015 August 16, Aruna Kilaru et al., “Oil biosynthesis in a basal angiosperm: transcriptome analysis of Persea Americana mesocarp”, in BMC Plant Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A sugar alcohol (2S,3R,5R,6R)-heptane-1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptol


triheptadecanoin

Fatty acids were quantified against triheptadecanoin that was added as an internal standard prior to lipid extraction.

(organic chemistry) The triglyceride of heptadecanoic acid


anacardol

Recent studies prove the changes of Rf values of phytoconstituents in Śodhita samples of Bhallātaka as compared to raw Bhallātaka. Due to the decarboxylation of the oil, the anacardic acid gets converted into the less toxic anacardol.

2015, Santosh Kumar Maurya et al., “Śodhana: An Ayurvedic process for detoxification and modification of therapeutic activities of poisonous medicinal plants”, in Ancient Science of Life, volume 34, →DOI:

Anacardium occidentale
Anacardium occidentale#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A natural product, of uncertain structure, isolated from the seeds of Anacardium occidentale.


brassinazole

Seedlings were grown in liquid culture for 7 days, treated with brassinazole (Brz) for 4 days, and harvested before and 2 h after addition of 100 nM BL.

2015 July 30, Man-Ho Oh et al., “Functional analysis of the BRI1 receptor kinase by Thr-for-Ser substitution in a regulatory autophosphorylation site”, in Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 6, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The triazole β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-methyl-α-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol that inhibits brassinosteroid biosynthesis


cetyltrimethlyammonium

DNA was extracted from all samples using a modified cetyltrimethlyammonium bromide (CTAB) method […]

2015 June 6, W. Rodney Cooper, Stephen F. Garczynski, David R. Horton, “Relative Abundance of Carsonella ruddii (Gamma Proteobacterium) in Females and Males of Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae)”, in Journal of Insect Science, volume 15, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The quaternary ammonium cation C₁₆H₃₃N(CH₃)₃⁺


dithionitrobenzene

Supernatant was diluted with 50 μl sodium phosphate buffer per 1 mg wet lens weight, and then 500 μl was added to 50 μg of dithionitrobenzene (DTNB; Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) and incubated for 30 min at room temperature.

2015 July 31, Yosuke Nakazawa et al., “Hesperetin prevents selenite-induced cataract in rats”, in Molecular Vision, volume 21:

(organic chemistry) Any of several isomers of the dinitro derivative of diphenyl disulfide


hypaphorine

Perhaps during Śodhana process, a major part of hypaphorine might have undergone transformation into abrine by reduction of its tertiary amino group into the primary amino group.

(organic chemistry) An indole alkaloid, present in the fungus Pisolithus tinctorius in family Sclerodermataceae, that controls the elongation rate of root hairs.


methoxychalcone

The available data suggest that nodD1 and nodD2 activation of nod gene expression in the infection zone occurs mainly through the action of methoxychalcone, but expression of these genes in ZIII may be mediated by another flavonoid, such as isoliquiritigenin, whilst NodD3 operates independently of flavonoids and is sufficient to sustain nodulation.

2015 July 28, Da-Song Chen et al., “Identification of a core set of rhizobial infection genes using data from single cell-types”, in Frontiers in Plant Science, volume 6, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any methoxy derivative of a chalcone.


oxaldihydrazone

oxaldihydrazone (countable and uncountable, plural oxaldihydrazones)

Feeding of cuprizone (bis-cyclohexanone oxaldihydrazone) to young adult mice induces a synchronous consistent demyelination (Matsushima and Morell, 2001; Stidworthy et al., 2003).

2015 July 29, Sarrabeth Stone, Wensheng Lin, “The unfolded protein response in multiple sclerosis”, in Frontiers in Neuroscience, volume 9, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The dihydrazone of oxalic acid


perillyl

Molecular dynamics simulations have shown that essential oil constituents like perillaldehyde or perillyl alcohol carrying more hydrophilic groups require more energy to traverse the membrane and have a 700-fold slower flip-flop rate than the nonpolar constituent limonene (Witzke et al., 2010 ).

2015 July 28, Morten Hyldgaard et al., “Isoeugenol has a non-disruptive detergent-like mechanism of action”, in Frontiers in Microbiology, volume 6, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The univalent radical derived from perillyl alcohol


perillyl alcohol

(organic chemistry) The monoterpenoid alcohol related to perillaldehyde


quinolinate

From quinolinic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

The non-target near-full length hits include those with putative functions to pyruvate dikinases, hypothetical proteins, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases, cytochrome p460, CoA substrate specific enzyme activases and quinolinate synthetases, among others.

2015 July 21, Christopher R. Penton et al., “Denitrifying and diazotrophic community responses to artificial warming in permafrost and tallgrass prairie soils”, in Frontiers in Microbiology, volume 6, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of quinolinic acid.


morrhuic acid

From Gadus morrhua, former spelling of Gadus morhua, taxonomic name of the Atlantic cod.


citren

(organic chemistry) A fragrant essential oil found in lemon peel.


amorphadiene

Libraries of structured ribosome binding sites and RNAse binding sites were combinatorially inserted into the intergenic regions of 2- and 3-protein operons to improve amorphadiene biosynthesis.

2015 June 27, Tian Tian, Howard M. Salis, “A predictive biophysical model of translational coupling to coordinate and control protein expression in bacterial operons”, in Nucleic Acids Research, volume 43, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The bicyclic sesquiterpene (1R,4R,4aS,8aR)-1-isopropenyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalene which is an intermediate in the production of artemesinin


androstenetriol

On the basis of the beneficial effects of estrogen shown in trauma hemorrhage, DHEA and its metabolite androstenetriol have been applied in animal models of trauma hemorrhage and sepsis, leading to enhanced cellular immune responses and increased survival rates.

2014 March 28, Markus Albertsmeier et al., “Gender-Specific Effects on Immune Response and Cardiac Function after Trauma Hemorrhage and Sepsis”, in Viszeralmedizin, volume 30, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The steroid (3β,16α,17β)-androst-5-ene-3,16,17-triol that is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone


benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium

From benzyl + dimethyl + hexadecyl + ammonium.

compound

PT Au NRs with average length of 210 ± 10 nm and width of 34 ± 1 nm were prepared as previously described by Pérez-Juste et al., with minor modifications (see Experimental Section). 49 The purified PT Au NRs show a shape yield around 99%, (Figure S1A–C, Supporting Information ) and can be used as seeds after redispersion in 10 mM benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (BDAC).

2015 July 2, Martin Mayer et al., “Controlled Living Nanowire Growth: Precise Control over the Morphology and Optical Properties of AgAuAg Bimetallic Nanowires”, in Nano Letters, volume 15, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The quaternary ammonium cation that has one benzyl, two methyl and one hexadecyl radicals; its chloride is a cationic detergent.


butyrylthiocholine

AChE (EC 3.1.1.7) and BuChE (EC 3.1.1.8) from bovine erythrocytes, acetylthiocholine iodide (ATChI), butyrylthiocholine iodide, 5:5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), and sodium bicarbonate were purchased from Sigma, UK.

2015, Suresh Kumar, “Dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes by allicin”, in Indian Journal of Pharmacology, volume 47, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The butyryl derivative of the thiocholine cation; its iodide is used for the determination of plasma cholinesterase variants


醋酸

/t͡sʰu⁵¹ su̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰu⁵¹ su̯än⁵⁵/


醋酸

[sa̠kɯ̟sã̠ɴ]

醋 (su, “vinegar”) + 酸 (san, “acid”). Calque of Dutch azijnzuur. Coined by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1847 in his book 舎密開宗.

coinage

(organic chemistry) Alternative spelling of 酢酸, acetic acid

醋酸絹糸

醋酸絹糸 さくさんけんし


類胡蘿蔔素

ㄌㄟˋ ㄏㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄅㄛ ㄙㄨˋ

/leɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ b̥u̯ɔ³ su⁵¹/

/leɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ b̥u̯ɔ³ su⁵¹/


β-胡蘿蔔素

ㄅㄟˋ ㄊㄚˇ ㄏㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄅㄛ ㄙㄨˋ

бэйтахулобосу

/peɪ̯⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ b̥u̯ɔ³ su⁵¹/

/pei̯⁵⁵ tʰaː²¹ wuː²¹ lɔː²¹ paːk̚² sou̯³³/


カロチン

[ka̠ɾo̞t͡ɕĩɴ]


カロテン

[ka̠ɾo̞tẽ̞ɴ]


karoten

karoten (nominative singular)
karoteny (nominative plural)
karotenu (genitive singular)
karotenów (genitive plural)
karotenowi (dative singular)
karotenom (dative plural)
karoten (accusative singular)
karoteny (accusative plural)
karotenem (instrumental singular)
karotenami (instrumental plural)
karotenie (locative singular)
karotenach (locative plural)
karotenie (singular vocative)
karoteny (plural vocative)


dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

Other properties ascribed to the unknown substance (36), namely fluorescence under ultraviolet light and formation of a red-brown color with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, […]

1956 October 23, Kenneth N. F. Shaw, Armand McMillan, Marvin D. Armstrong, The Metabolism of 3,1-Dihydroxyphenylalanine:

The tubes were left in a bath for 10 min with occasional swirling and cooled with tap water, then 4 mL of 3 N H 2 SO 4 and 2 mL of 5 % dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) solution were added by swirling after each addition.

2015 August 18, Michael Gebrehiwot et al., “Evaluation of the wound healing property of Commiphora guidottii Chiov. ex. Guid.”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A dimethylamino derivative of benzaldehyde


effusin

(organic chemistry) A diketopiperazine alkaloid present in a mangrove rhizosphere soil


fluorobenzoate

Several pathways (e.g., two-component systems, fluorobenzoate degradation, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism) and KOs (e.g., nifA, pgtCAP, ato, and deg genes) enriched in RYGB or VBG compared to OBS were also enriched in comparison to Ob microbiomes ( Table S5 ).

2015, Valentina Tremaroli et al., “Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Induce Long-Term Changes on the Human Gut Microbiome Contributing to Fat Mass Regulation”, in Cell Metabolism, volume 22, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any fluoro derivative of a benzoate


furanodiene

[ 38 ] indicates that α-santalene along with α-bisabolene and furanodiene are the major components of the oil.

(organic chemistry) The sesquiterpene derivative of furan (5E,9E)-3,6,10-trimethyl-4,7,8,11-tetrahydrocyclodeca[b]furan that has apoptotic properties


alafatach

head

alafatach (genitive singular masculine alafataigh, genitive singular feminine alafataí, plural alafatacha, not comparable)

alafataigh (genitive masculine singular)
alafataí (feminine genitive singular)
alafatacha (plural)
alafatach (masculine nominative singular)
alafatach (feminine nominative singular)
alafatacha (nominative plural)
alafataigh (masculine singular vocative)
alafatach (feminine singular vocative)
alafatacha (plural vocative)
alafataigh (genitive masculine singular)
alafataí (feminine genitive singular)
alafatacha (genitive plural)
alafatach (genitive plural)
alafatach (dative masculine singular)
alafatach (dative feminine singular)
alafataigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
alafatacha (dative plural)
not comparable (comparative)
not comparable (superlative)
alafatach
n-alafatach
halafatach

From Ancient Greek ἄλειφαρ (áleiphar, “oil, ointment”) + -ach (adjectival suffix).


alcalóideach

head

alcalóideach (genitive singular masculine alcalóidigh, genitive singular feminine alcalóidí, plural alcalóideacha, comparative alcalóidí)

alcalóidigh (genitive masculine singular)
alcalóidí (feminine genitive singular)
alcalóideacha (plural)
alcalóidí (comparative)
alcalóideach (masculine nominative singular)
alcalóideach (feminine nominative singular)
alcalóideacha (nominative plural)
alcalóidigh (masculine singular vocative)
alcalóideach (feminine singular vocative)
alcalóideacha (plural vocative)
alcalóidigh (genitive masculine singular)
alcalóidí (feminine genitive singular)
alcalóideacha (genitive plural)
alcalóideach (genitive plural)
alcalóideach (dative masculine singular)
alcalóideach (dative feminine singular)
alcalóidigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
alcalóideacha (dative plural)
níos alcalóidí (comparative)
is alcalóidí (superlative)

From alcaile (“alkali”) + -óideach (“-oid”).


alcalóideach

alcalóideach m (genitive singular alcalóidigh, nominative plural alcalóidigh)

alcalóidigh (genitive singular)
alcalóidigh (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
alcalóideach (indefinite singular)
alcalóidigh (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a alcalóidigh (indefinite singular)
a alcalóideacha (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
alcalóidigh (indefinite singular)
alcalóideach (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-alcalóideach (definite singular)
na halcalóidigh (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an alcalóidigh (definite singular)
na n-alcalóideach (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an alcalóideach (definite singular)
don alcalóideach (definite singular)
leis na halcalóidigh (definite plural)
alcalóideach
n-alcalóideach
halcalóideach
t-alcalóideach


aldól

aldól m (genitive singular aldóil, nominative plural aldóil)

aldóil (genitive singular)
aldóil (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aldól (indefinite singular)
aldóil (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aldóil (indefinite singular)
a aldóla (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aldóil (indefinite singular)
aldól (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aldól (definite singular)
na haldóil (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aldóil (definite singular)
na n-aldól (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aldól (definite singular)
don aldól (definite singular)
leis na haldóil (definite plural)
aldól
n-aldól
haldól
t-aldól


methacryloyl

To synthesize TBDMS-dopamine methacrylate (TBDMS-DMA) monomer, methacryloyl chloride (0.46 g, 4.40 mmol) was added to TBDMS-dopamine (1.13 g, 2.96 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.5 mL) containing triethylamine (0.4 g, 4.0 mmol) according to the previously described method with modification. 35 The product was collected by precipitation.

2015 July 15, Sang-Bae Lee et al., “Catechol-Functionalized Synthetic Polymer as a Dental Adhesive to Contaminated Dentin Surface for a Composite Restoration”, in Biomacromolecules, volume 16, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from methacrylic acid


aicil

aicil f (genitive singular aicile, nominative plural aicilí)

aicile (genitive singular)
aicilí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aicil (indefinite singular)
aicilí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aicil (indefinite singular)
a aicilí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aicile (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an aicil (definite singular)
na haicilí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na haicile (definite singular)
na n-aicilí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aicil (definite singular)
don aicil (definite singular)
leis na haicilí (definite plural)
aicil
n-aicil
haicil

(organic chemistry) acyl (any of class of organic radicals, RCO-, formed by the removal of a hydroxyl group from a carboxylic acid)


aicéitiléin

aicéitiléin f (genitive singular aicéitiléine)

aicéitiléine (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
aicéitiléin (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a aicéitiléin (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
aicéitiléine (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an aicéitiléin (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
na haicéitiléine (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an aicéitiléin (definite singular)
don aicéitiléin (definite singular)
aicéitiléin
n-aicéitiléin
haicéitiléin


aicéatal

aicéatal m (genitive singular aicéatail, nominative plural aicéatail)

aicéatail (genitive singular)
aicéatail (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aicéatal (indefinite singular)
aicéatail (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aicéatail (indefinite singular)
a aicéatala (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aicéatail (indefinite singular)
aicéatal (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aicéatal (definite singular)
na haicéatail (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aicéatail (definite singular)
na n-aicéatal (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aicéatal (definite singular)
don aicéatal (definite singular)
leis na haicéatail (definite plural)
aicéatal
n-aicéatal
haicéatal


aicéatón

aicéatón m (genitive singular aicéatóin)

aicéatóin (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
aicéatón (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a aicéatóin (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
aicéatóin (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aicéatón (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
an aicéatóin (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an aicéatón (definite singular)
don aicéatón (definite singular)
aicéatón
n-aicéatón
haicéatón


aicéiteach

aicéiteach (genitive singular masculine aicéitigh, genitive singular feminine aicéití, plural aicéiteacha, not comparable)

aicéitigh (genitive masculine singular)
aicéití (feminine genitive singular)
aicéiteacha (plural)
aicéiteach (masculine nominative singular)
aicéiteach (feminine nominative singular)
aicéiteacha (nominative plural)
aicéitigh (masculine singular vocative)
aicéiteach (feminine singular vocative)
aicéiteacha (plural vocative)
aicéitigh (genitive masculine singular)
aicéití (feminine genitive singular)
aicéiteacha (genitive plural)
aicéiteach (genitive plural)
aicéiteach (dative masculine singular)
aicéiteach (dative feminine singular)
aicéitigh (archaic dative feminine singular)
aicéiteacha (dative plural)
níos aicéití (comparative)
is aicéití (superlative)
aicéiteach
n-aicéiteach
haicéiteach


aicéataimíd

aicéataimíd f (genitive singular aicéataimíde, nominative plural aicéataimídí)

aicéataimíde (genitive singular)
aicéataimídí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aicéataimíd (indefinite singular)
aicéataimídí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aicéataimíd (indefinite singular)
a aicéataimídí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aicéataimíde (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an aicéataimíd (definite singular)
na haicéataimídí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na haicéataimíde (definite singular)
na n-aicéataimídí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aicéataimíd (definite singular)
don aicéataimíd (definite singular)
leis na haicéataimídí (definite plural)
aicéataimíd
n-aicéataimíd
haicéataimíd


aicéataildéad

aicéataildéad m (genitive singular aicéataildéid, nominative plural aicéataildéid)

aicéataildéid (genitive singular)
aicéataildéid (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aicéataildéad (indefinite singular)
aicéataildéid (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aicéataildéid (indefinite singular)
a aicéataildéada (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aicéataildéid (indefinite singular)
aicéataildéad (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aicéataildéad (definite singular)
na haicéataildéid (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aicéataildéid (definite singular)
na n-aicéataildéad (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aicéataildéad (definite singular)
don aicéataildéad (definite singular)
leis na haicéataildéid (definite plural)
aicéataildéad
n-aicéataildéad
haicéataildéad

From aicéiti- (“aceto-”) + aildéad (“aldehyde”).


aildéad

head

aildéad m (genitive singular aildéid, nominative plural aildéid)

aildéid (genitive singular)
aildéid (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aildéad (indefinite singular)
aildéid (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aildéid (indefinite singular)
a aildéada (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aildéid (indefinite singular)
aildéad (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-aildéad (definite singular)
na haildéid (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an aildéid (definite singular)
na n-aildéad (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aildéad (definite singular)
don aildéad (definite singular)
leis na haildéid (definite plural)
aildéad
n-aildéad
haildéad
t-aildéad


aigéad carbólach

aigéad carbólach m (genitive singular aigéid charbólaigh)

aigéid charbólaigh (genitive singular)
aigéad carbólach
n-aigéad carbólach
haigéad carbólach


nítriglicrín

nítriglicrín m (genitive singular nítriglicrín)

nítriglicrín (genitive singular)
nominative (indefinite)
nítriglicrín (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a nítriglicrín (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an nítriglicrín (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an nítriglicrín (definite singular)
don nítriglicrín (definite singular)

From nítri- (“nitr(o)-”) + glicrín (“glycerine”).


mucous acid

(organic chemistry, archaic) An acid obtained, by the use of nitric acid, from gum arabic and other mucilaginous substances.


quinoneimine

At 37 °C, pH 7, H 2 O 2 concentration of 0.7 mM and horse radish peroxidase enzyme concentration of 0.1 U/ml, maximum intensity of the quinoneimine dye was resulted at 30 min and the colour was stable until 60 min ( Fig.

2015 May 18, Chamira Dilanka Fernando, Preethi Soysa, “Optimized enzymatic colorimetric assay for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity of plant extracts”, in MethodsX, volume 2, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any imine derived from a quinone


calcitroic

If 1,25-dihydroxyvitmain D does not interact with VDREs, it is further degraded by CYP24A1 (24-hydroxylase) to the inactive form, calcitroic acid [ 29 ].

2015 August 19, Dylan T. Dahlquist, Brad P. Dieter, Michael S. Koehle, “Plausible ergogenic effects of vitamin D on athletic performance and recovery”, in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, volume 12, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Relating to calcitroic acid or its derivatives


lyratol

(organic chemistry) The monoterpenoid alcohol (2E)-2,5-dimethyl-4-vinyl-2,5-hexadien-1-ol


organopolymerization

en-noun

organopolymerization (countable and uncountable, plural organopolymerizations)

The distinct NHO carbanionic reactivity can be expected to allow access to further highly challenging fields in organopolymerization, especially since the catalysts can be readily tailored, as shown in this study.

2015 July 1, Stefan Naumann, Anthony W Thomas, Andrew P Dove, “N-Heterocyclic Olefins as Organocatalysts for Polymerization: Preparation of Well-Defined Poly(propylene oxide)**”, in Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English), volume 54, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The polymerization of organic compounds, especially when catalysed by another organic compound.


phenylpropyl

Interestingly, distinctive abundance of the phenolic fraction in the Jordanian garland oil, notably phenylpropyl butanoate, was also reported [ 17 ].

2015 July 28, Sanaa K. Bardaweel et al., “Studies on the In Vitro Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activities Associated with Chrysanthemum coronarium Essential Oil”, in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, volume 2015, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) Any phenyl derivative of a propyl radical


tripropylamine

tripropylamine (countable and uncountable, plural tripropylamines)

The ruthenium-based tag is used in combination with an enhancer, tripropylamine.

2015 August 18, Agnetha Folestad et al., “IL-17 cytokines in bone healing of diabetic Charcot arthropathy patients: a prospective 2 year follow-up study”, in Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, volume 8, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The tertiary amine (CH₃-CH₂-CH₂)₃N (or any isomeric compound)


amidolysis

(organic chemistry) The cleavage of amide groups (especially of peptide bonds)


aminoluciferin

If caspases 3 and/or 7 are active, the substrate is cleaved and aminoluciferin will be emitted.

2015 August 11, Kevin Brasseur et al., “Parasporin-2 from a New Bacillus thuringiensis 4R2 Strain Induces Caspases Activation and Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any amino derivative of luciferin


ailgionáit

head

ailgionáit f (genitive singular ailgionáite, nominative plural ailgionáití)

ailgionáite (genitive singular)
ailgionáití (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
ailgionáit (indefinite singular)
ailgionáití (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a ailgionáit (indefinite singular)
a ailgionáití (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
ailgionáite (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an ailgionáit (definite singular)
na hailgionáití (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na hailgionáite (definite singular)
na n-ailgionáití (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an ailgionáit (definite singular)
don ailgionáit (definite singular)
leis na hailgionáití (definite plural)
ailgionáit
n-ailgionáit
hailgionáit


ailcil

ailcil f (genitive singular ailcile, nominative plural ailcilí)

ailcile (genitive singular)
ailcilí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
ailcil (indefinite singular)
ailcilí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a ailcil (indefinite singular)
a ailcilí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
ailcile (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an ailcil (definite singular)
na hailcilí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na hailcile (definite singular)
na n-ailcilí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an ailcil (definite singular)
don ailcil (definite singular)
leis na hailcilí (definite plural)
ailcil
n-ailcil
hailcil


decylubiquinol

The reaction was initiated by adding the ubiquinol analog, decylubiquinol (DBH 2 ), to a final concentration of 50 μ M, and the rate of cytochrome c reduction was calculated from the absorbance increase at 550 nm [ 2 ].

2015 August 2, Alessandra Ferramosca, Annalea Conte, Vincenzo Zara, “Krill Oil Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Rats Treated with High-Fat Diet”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any decyl derivative of ubiquinol but especially 6-decylubiquinol


decylubiquinone

The reaction started by addition of 80 μ M decylubiquinone and the activity was measured for 5 min [ 20 ].

(organic chemistry) The 6-decyl derivative of ubiquinone


flerumættet

flerumættet (neuter flerumættet, plural and definite singular attributive flerumættede)

flerumættet (neuter)
flerumættede (attributive definite singular)
flerumættede (attributive plural)

fler- (“multi-”) + u- (“un-”) + mættet (“saturated”)


sodium lauryl sulphate

sodium lauryl sulfate
sodium lauryl sulfate#English

(British spelling, organic chemistry) Alternative spelling of sodium lauryl sulfate


linolenate

Methyl gamma linolenate was isolated from the Spirulina platensis by flash chromatography system and the percentage yield is found to be 71 %.

2015 August 4, Jubie S., Dhanabal S. P., Chaitanya M. V. N. L., “Isolation of methyl gamma linolenate from spirulina platensis using flash chromatography and its apoptosis inducing effect”, in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, volume 15, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of linolenic acid


monooleoglycerol

Further, for three metabolites changes occurred in the opposite direction between the two studies (oleic acid, linoleic acid and monooleoglycerol).

2015 August 18, Anna C. Pfalzer et al., “Diet- and Genetically-Induced Obesity Differentially Affect the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Apc1638N Mice”, in PLoS ONE, volume 10, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The monoglyceride of oleic acid


ancymidol

Wild-type plants treated with ancymidol, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, will tuberize in LD, which is very similar to the formation of tubers on the antisense PHYB plants.

2015 August 17, Mei Yang et al., “Transcriptomic Analysis of the Regulation of Rhizome Formation in Temperate and Tropical Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 5, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The plant growth regulator α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol


propionylpromasine

Before any surgical procedure were performed, all the pigs were pretreated with atropine (Polfa, Poland, 0.04 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) and propionylpromasine (Stresnil, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Belgium, 0.5 mg/kg b.w., i.m.), and after 30 min, the main anaesthetic drug, sodium pentobarbital (Tiopental, 0.5 g per animal), was given intravenously in a slow fractionated infusion.

2015 January 27, E. Lepiarczyk, A. Bossowska, M. Majewski, “Changes in chemical coding of sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) neurons supplying porcine urinary bladder after botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment”, in Cell and Tissue Research, volume 360, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The propionyl derivative of promasine that is a dopamine receptor antagonist


aimil

head

aimil f (genitive singular aimile, nominative plural aimilí)

aimile (genitive singular)
aimilí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
aimil (indefinite singular)
aimilí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a aimil (indefinite singular)
a aimilí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
aimile (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an aimil (definite singular)
na haimilí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na haimile (definite singular)
na n-aimilí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an aimil (definite singular)
don aimil (definite singular)
leis na haimilí (definite plural)
aimil
n-aimil
haimil


azidonorleucine

Here, we introduce an Mtb-selective protein labeling method based on genetic incorporation of azidonorleucine (Anl) through the expression of a mutant methionyl-tRNA synthetase.

2015 August 25, Ajit G. Chande et al., “Selective enrichment of mycobacterial proteins from infected host macrophages”, in Scientific Reports, volume 5, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The azido derivative of norleucine (2S)-2-amino-6-azidohexanoic acid that is used to label proteins


diacrylic

Acrylic and diacrylic monomers, certain curing agents, antioxidants, amines, and formaldehyde have been documented to the hypersensitivity reactions.

2015 June 26, Biju Justus et al., “Iatrogenic Damage to the Periodontium by Chemicals and Dental Materials”, in The Open Dentistry Journal, volume 9, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Containing two acrylic groups


europinidin

(organic chemistry) An O-methylated anthocyanidin found in some species of Plumbago and Ceratostigma.


propanediamine

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric diamino derivatives of propane; any substituted derivative of these compounds


fusaric

Several mycotoxins are, however, able to modify the rumen microbiota as they exert antimicrobial, anti-protozoal and antifungal activity; typical examples are patulin, fusaric acid, beauvericin and enniantins.

2015 August 20, María J. Nichea et al., “Presence of Multiple Mycotoxins and Other Fungal Metabolites in Native Grasses from a Wetland Ecosystem in Argentina Intended for Grazing Cattle”, in Toxins, volume 7, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Relating to fusaric acid or its derivatives


isodipeptide

They cross-link through disulfide bonds, as well as isodipeptide N -(γ-glutamic) lysine, which arise due to the activity of epidermal transglutaminases.

2015 March 25, Anna Skoczyńska et al., “New look at the role of progerin in skin aging”, in Przegla̜d Menopauzalny = Menopause Review, volume 14, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any isopeptide containing two amino acid moieties


macrosporin

Tentoxin, altertoxin-1, alternariol monomethyl ether and macrosporin were detected in frequencies ranging from 85% to 57%.

(organic chemistry) The anthraquinone derivative 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone that is a bioactive metabolite produced by a plant-pathogenic fungus of the genus Stemphylium (family Pleosporaceae, order Pleosporales)


dihydroisocoumarin

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of phenolic derivatives of isocoumarin


naphthalimide

There are four main inhibitor platforms ( Figure 6 ), one consisting of a water-soluble phenanthridinone backbone (PJ34), and the second is a naphthalimide derivative that is more nonpolar (NAP).

2015 July 24, Miguel R. Lugo, A. Rod Merrill, Ken Teter, “The Father, Son and Cholix Toxin: The Third Member of the DT Group Mono-ADP-Ribosyltransferase Toxin Family”, in Toxins, volume 7, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any imide of a naphthalic acid


phenanthridinone

en-noun

phenanthridinone (countable and uncountable, plural phenanthridinones)

(organic chemistry) A cyclic amide derived from phenanthridine that has immunosuppressant activity


skyrin

Several infrequently reported anthraquinone derivates produced by fungi and plants were found during the present research, such as emodin, its methy-derivate physcion and chrysophanol and its respective dimer skyrin.

(organic chemistry) The dimeric quinone 2,4,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1-(2,4,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione that is a glucagon antagonist


taurohyodeoxycholic acid

(organic chemistry) A particular bile acid 2-[[(3α,5β,6α)-3,6-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid


versicolorin

Performance characteristics of the analytical method for all analytes detected in the investigated grass samples. a LOD, limit of detection; b No standard available, estimation of concentration based on response and recovery of averufin; c No standard available, estimation of concentration based on response and recovery of versicolorin A; d n.d.: not determined.

(organic chemistry) The heteropentacyclic quinone 3a,12a-dihydroanthra[2,3-b]furo[3,2-d]furan-5,10-dione


heteropentacyclic

(organic chemistry) heterocyclic and pentacyclic


dunnione

dunnione (countable and uncountable, plural dunniones)

Such results led us to investigate the effects of MB12662, a dunnione compound, on damages of target tissues including intestinal, immune, and hematopoietic systems in mice as well as vomiting reflexes in ferrets following cisplatin administration.

2015 September 1, Dongsun Park et al., “A Dunnione Compound MB12662 Improves Cisplatin-Induced Tissue Injury and Emesis”, in Biomolecules & Therapeutics, volume 23, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The orthoquinone 2,3,3-trimethyl-2H-benzo[g][1]benzofuran-4,5-dione that is a naturally-occurring insecticide


angeloyl

Acylation of 22 with in situ prepared angeloyl chloride in dichloromethane gave common intermediate 23 in 84% yield.

2015 August 6, Masashi Yokoya et al., “Chemistry of Renieramycins. Part 14: Total Synthesis of Renieramycin I and Practical Synthesis of Cribrostatin 4 (Renieramycin H)”, in Marine Drugs, volume 13, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical formally derived from angelic acid by removal of the hydroxyl group


dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (countable and uncountable, plural dicyclohexylcarbodiimides)

The reaction was initiated by adding a solution containing 50 mmol/L potassium phosphate (pH 7.0), 5 mmol/L MgSO 4 and carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, final 20 μ mol/L) or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD, final 50 μ mol/L), and [ 3 H] l -alanine (38 Ci mmol −1, Moravek Biochemical, Brea, CA, USA; final, 0.54 μ mol/L).

2015 June 13, Seryoung Kim et al., “Characterization of the l-alanine exporter AlaE of Escherichia coli and its potential role in protecting cells from a toxic-level accumulation of l-alanine and its derivatives”, in MicrobiologyOpen, volume 4, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The di-cyclohexyl derivative of carbodiimide that is used in peptide synthesis


hexanoylglycine

Analysis of organic acids in urine showed only mildly elevated concentrations of hexanoylglycine and isohexanoylglycine in both patients (Table 1 ).

2015 July 30, Sarah C. Grünert et al., “Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency associated with a novel splice mutation in the ACADM gene missed by newborn screening”, in BMC Medical Genetics, volume 16, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The N-hexanoyl derivative of glycine that is a normal metabolite and also a biomarker for exposure to gamma radiation


octanoylcarnitine

In a study with 34 MCAD deficient individuals evaluating the correlation between genotype and biochemical phenotype, patients homozygous for c.985A > G had the highest levels of neonatal octanoylcarnitine followed by compound heterozygotes of c.985A > G and other mutations.

(organic chemistry) The N-octanoyl derivative of carnitine


piperazinedione

The piperazinedione ring of 1 1a was activated by introducing a 2-propyloxycarbonyl group to give imide 1 8 in 96% yield.

(organic chemistry) Any of three isomeric diketones derived from piperazine


benzofuroxan

benzofuroxan (countable and uncountable, plural benzofuroxans)

Among all these hits, furoxan (WNN0809-C005) and benzofuroxan (WNN0335-G006) were well-studied structural motifs as nitric oxide (NO) donating compounds capable of controlling schistosomiasis [ 11, 18 ].

2015 August 31, Ting Li et al., “High-throughput screening against thioredoxin glutathione reductase identifies novel inhibitors with potential therapeutic value for schistosomiasis”, in Infectious Diseases of Poverty, volume 4, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A bicyclic heterocycle composed of a benzene ring fused to furoxan


dityrosine

Action of chloraminated oxidants, mainly hypochlorous acid and chloramines, produced by myeloperoxidase, forms dityrosine containing cross-linked protein products known as AOPP and is also considered as one of the biomarkers to estimate the degree of oxidative modifications of proteins [ 36, 45 ].

2015 August 9, R. Vani et al., “Prospects of Vitamin C as an Additive in Plasma of Stored Blood”, in Advances in Hematology, volume 2015, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A dimer of tyrosine typically produced by oxidation


gulonolactone

ADAMTS8 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin 8, CEP120 centrosomal protein 120, Cg Choriogonadotropin, CHSY3 chondroitin sulfate synthase 3, Gulo gulonolactone L-oxidase, MRPS33 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S33, NPEPL1 aminopeptidase-like 1, PAK1 p-21 protein-activated kinase 1, PNPLA3 patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3, PROSC proline synthetase, SCYL3 SCY1-like 3, SLC2A8 and 10A3, solute carriers 2A8 and 10A3, TMEM163 transmembrane protein 163, TNF tumor necrosis factor, XKR8 XK, Kell blood group complex subunit-related family 8 In this study, we examined the potential for serum miRNAs to serve as biomarkers of alcohol-related structural and functional CNS damage in human subjects.

2015 September 5, Cherry Ignacio et al., “Alterations in serum microRNA in humans with alcohol use disorders impact cell proliferation and cell death pathways and predict structural and functional changes in brain”, in BMC Neuroscience, volume 16, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The lactone of gulonic acid, (3S,4R,5R)-5-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one