diacritic

en-adj

diacritic (comparative more diacritic, superlative most diacritic)

more diacritic (comparative)
most diacritic (superlative)

/ˌdaɪəˈkɹɪtɪk/

/ˌdaɪəˈkɹɪtɪk/

[ˌdaɪəˈkɹɪɾɪk]

/ˌdɑɪəˈkɹɪtɪk/

[ˌdɑɪəˈkɹɪɾɪk]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek διακριτικός (diakritikós, “distinguishing, separative”), from διακρίνειν (diakrínein, “to distinguish, separate”), from διά (diá, “between”) + κρίνω (krínō, “I separate, distinguish”).

bor+

(orthography, not comparable) Denoting a distinguishing mark applied to a letter or character.


cedilla

From Spanish cedilla (literally “little zed”), c. 1600. In Spanish cedilla referred to the letter ⟨Ç⟩, which had evolved from ⟨Ꝣ⟩, a Visigothic form of the letter Z (called a Z with copete); hence the name. The lower part of ⟨Ç⟩ (which came to be reinterpreted as a diacritical mark under a C) is the remnant of the original Z, after it gradually reduced in size; whereas the upper part was originally just an ornamentation over the Z (which increased in size until it resembled letter C, and finally came to be identified with this letter).

bor

(orthography) In the spelling of Catalan, French, Portuguese and some other languages, a mark ⟨¸⟩ sometimes placed under the letter c to indicate that it is pronounced /s/ rather than /k/, as in Catalan força, French menaçant, and Portuguese almoço, and also used in various other languages to change the sounds of other letters.


cedilla

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish cedilla.


cedilla

→ English: cedilla

desctree

→ French: cédille
→ English: cédille
→ Finnish: sedilji
→ German: Cedille

→ Italian: cediglia

→ Portuguese: cedilha

→ Romanian: sedilă

From Old Spanish ceda (“letter Z”) + -illa (diminutive suffix); cognate with modern Spanish zeta.


identical

The strictest construction of the rule requires complete and unvarying repetition of end-words, but some license is granted in the use of identicals.

1992, Clarence Hugh Holman, William Harmon, A Handbook to Literature, page 439:

(poetry) A rhyme on the same syllable, such as "leave" and "believe".


prompt

The adjective is from Middle English prompte, from Middle French prompt and its etymon Latin prōmptus (“visible, apparent, evident”), past participle of prōmō (“to take or bring out or forth, produce, bring to light”), from prō (“forth, forward”) + emō (“to take, acquire, buy”). Doublet of pronto.
The verb is from Middle English prompen, apparently from the adjective. The noun is from the verb.

der

(writing) A suggestion for inspiration given to an author.


waka

Borrowed from Japanese 和歌 (waka), from Middle Chinese 和 (ɣwa), a gloss for 倭 (ʔwa, “Japan”) + 歌 (ka, “song”).

“Hey, look. There's one of those Jap waka poems on the back of this cigarette package.”

1962, Philip K. Dick, “The Man in the High Castle”, in Four Novels of the 1960s, Library of America, published 2007, page 122:

(poetry) A kind of classical Japanese poem.


kreska

pl-noun

kreska f (diminutive kreseczka, augmentative krecha, related adjective kreskowy)

kreseczka (diminutive)
krecha (augmentative)
kreskowy (adjective)
kreska (nominative singular)
kreski (nominative plural)
kreski (genitive singular)
kresek (genitive plural)
kresce (dative singular)
kreskom (dative plural)
kreskę (accusative singular)
kreski (accusative plural)
kreską (instrumental singular)
kreskami (instrumental plural)
kresce (locative singular)
kreskach (locative plural)
kresko (singular vocative)
kreski (plural vocative)
kryska (alternative obsolete)

(orthography) diacritic closely resembling an acute accent


בית

he-noun

בַּיִת • (báyit) m (plural indefinite בָּתִּים, singular construct בֵּית־, plural construct בָּתֵּי־, Biblical Hebrew pausal form בָּיִת) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

בַּיִת (canonical)
báyit (romanization)
בָּתִּים (indefinite plural)
בֵּית־ (construct singular)
בָּתֵּי־ (construct plural)
form בָּיִת (Biblical-Hebrew pausal)
בַּיִת (indefinite singular)
בֵּיתִי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
בֵּיתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַבַּיִת (definite singular)
בֵּיתְךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
בֵּיתֵךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
בֵּיתְכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
בֵּיתְכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
בֵּית־ (construct singular)
בֵּיתוֹ (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
בֵּיתָהּ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
בֵּיתָם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
בֵּיתָן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)
בָּתִּים (indefinite plural)
בתיי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
בָּתַּי (feminine first-person masculine possessed-form singular)
בָּתֵּינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural possessed-form)
הַבָּתִּים (definite plural)
בָּתֶּיךָ (masculine possessed-form second-person singular)
בתייך (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
בָּתַּיִךְ (feminine possessed-form second-person singular)
בָּתֵּיכֶם (masculine plural possessed-form second-person)
בָּתֵּיכֶן (feminine plural possessed-form second-person)
בָּתֵּי־ (construct plural)
בָּתָּיו (masculine possessed-form singular third-person)
בָּתֶּיהָ (feminine possessed-form singular third-person)
בָּתֵּיהֶם (masculine plural possessed-form third-person)
בָּתֵּיהֶן (feminine plural possessed-form third-person)

desctree

→ Yiddish: בית (beys)
→ Alemannic German: Beiz
→ German: Beiz

From Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“house”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒂍 (bītum) and Arabic بَيْت (bayt).

(poetry) stanza (a unit of a poem, written or printed as a paragraph; equivalent to a verse)


boustrophedon

PIE word
 *gʷṓws
Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón, literally “turning like an ox”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “turning”) + -ηδόν (-ēdón, adverbial suffix).

bor+

βουστροφηδόν

af

(historical, calligraphy, of writing) In a fashion such that the reading direction changes from right-to-left to left-to-right with each new line.


boustrophedon

bor+

βουστροφηδόν

(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Written from right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines.


boustrophedon

en-noun

boustrophedon (countable and uncountable, plural boustrophedons)

boustrophedons (plural)
bustrophedon (alternative)

bor+

βουστροφηδόν

The number of Attic boustrophedon texts is fairly small; most of those just cited have been brought down by the experts to a date close to 550 B.C., a date to which several texts of more than one line inscribed left to right may also be assigned (cf. pp.56—57 infra), besides the four-line retrograde sep. mon. of Pediarchus cited in the previous section (cf. p.52 supra). Stone texts only really become numerous in Attica about 550, and by this time it is clear that left-to-right writing is just as common as boustrophedon, and may have been so even earlier.[…]After 540 boustrophedon was certainly unusual.

1980, Leslie Threatte, The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions: Phonology, page 55:

(Venetic apparently had both kinds of boustrophedon, either flipping the face of the characters when switching direction or else inverting them (Lejeune, 1974, pages 180-181).)

2000, Richard Sproat, A Computational Theory of Writing Systems, page 61:

He draws a sharp distinction between true boustrophedon, which has the tops of the runes pointed in the same direction, but with a change in the direction of writing with each line, and false boustrophedon, which changes from upright to inverted runes with each line, but the lines themselves are each written in the same direction.

2002, Elmer H. Antonsen, Runes and Germanic Linguistics, page 132:

(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Writing that is right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines.

بُطْرُفَة

writing that is alternately right-to-left and left-to-right


apóstrofo

From Latin apostrophus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστροφος (apóstrophos, “accent of elision”).

der

A expressão "d’água" deve ser escrita com apóstrofo.

The expression "d’água" [of the water] must be written with an apostrophe.

(orthography) apostrophe (the character ’)


quaderno

From Latin quaternus (“fourfold”), from quater (“four times”), from quattuor (“four”).


lyric

en-adj

lyric (comparative more lyric, superlative most lyric)

more lyric (comparative)
most lyric (superlative)
lyrick (alternative obsolete)

From French lyrique, or its source, Latin lyricus, from Ancient Greek λυρικός (lurikós), from λύρα (lúra, “lyre”). Its English equivalent would be lyre + -ic.
The original Greek sense of "lyric poetry"—"poetry accompanied by the lyre" i.e. "words set to music"—eventually led to its use as "lyrics", first attested in Stainer and Barrett's 1876 Dictionary of Musical Terms. Stainer and Barrett used the word as a singular substantive: "Lyric, poetry or blank verse intended to be set to music and sung". By the 1930s, the present use of the plurale tantum "lyrics" had begun; it has been standard since the 1950s for many writers. The singular form "lyric" is still used to mean the complete words to a song by authorities such as Alec Wilder, Robert Gottlieb, and Stephen Sondheim. However, the singular form is also commonly used to refer to a specific line (or phrase) within a song's lyrics.

(poetry) Of, or relating to a type of poetry (such as a sonnet or ode) that expresses subjective thoughts and feelings, often in a songlike style.


rhapsody

The noun is derived from Latin rhapsōdia (“part of an epic poem suitable for uninterrupted recitation”), from Koine Greek ῥαψῳδία (rhapsōidía, “part of an epic poem suitable for uninterrupted recitation; rigmarole”), Ancient Greek ῥαψῳδία (rhapsōidía, “composition or recitation of Epic poetry”), from ῥαψῳδός (rhapsōidós, “composer or performer of Epic poetry”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ῥαψῳδός (Rhapsōidós) is derived from ῥᾰ́πτω (rhắptō, “to sew”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend; to turn”)) + ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “ode; song”) (ultimately from Proto-Hellenic *awoidā́ (“song”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming o-grade action nouns).
Sense 2.2 (“instrumental composition of irregular form”) probably developed from sense 2.1 (“exaggeratedly enthusiastic or exalted expression of feeling in speech or writing”), and both of these senses may have been influenced by rapture (“extreme excitement, happiness, or pleasure”), the latter being a quality associated with the senses. Sense 2.3 (“literary composition consisting of miscellaneous works”) is borrowed from Middle French rhapsodie (modern French rhapsodie), from Latin rhapsōdia: see above.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* French rhapsodie (“instrumental composition of irregular form”)
* German Rhapsodie (“instrumental composition of irregular form”)

cog

(Ancient Greece, poetry, historical) An epic poem, or part of one, suitable for uninterrupted recitation.

狂想曲

ancient Greek epic poem, or part of one, suitable for uninterrupted recitation


stichomythia

en-noun

stichomythia (countable and uncountable, plural stichomythias)

/stɪkəˈmɪθɪə/

From Latin, from Ancient Greek στιχομυθία (stikhomuthía), from στίχος (stíkhos, “line of verse”) (see sticho-) + μῦθος (mûthos, “speech”).

The trial in the great hall under its high vaults, dusty sunlight shafting in, full of murmurers and growlers quietened by beadles and bailiffs, with howlers in the street held back with pikes, was by way of being a play without plot or exercise in what the Senecans term stichomythia.

1993, Anthony Burgess, A Dead Man In Deptford:

The stichomythias are just as necessary in Sophocles' tragedies as are his choruses.

2006, Olga Freidenberg, Image and Concept, page 297:

The two modes have different effects: while a rhesis allows the speaker to give an account of himself, attempt to persuade his hearers, or move freely across a range of emotions or types of argument, stichomythia is better suited to swift exchange of information through question and answer, though it can also be used for spicy polemic, aggressive interrogation, or accusation and defence.

2012, R. B. Rutherford, Greek Tragic Style: Form, Language and Interpretation, page 165:

(poetry) A technique in drama or poetry, in which alternating lines, or half-lines, are given to alternating characters, voices, or entities.


macron

From Ancient Greek μακρόν (makrón), neuter form of μακρός (makrós, “long”) (English macro-).

We say such words belong to a Long family, because of the long macron hat the vowels wear. Like the other twin o's, one hat is enough for both, for these twins are always found together.

1889, Rebecca S[mith] Pollard, A Complete Manual: Pollard’s Synthetic Method of Reading and Spelling. Designed to Accompany Synthetic Readers and Spellers, New York, N.Y.: American Book Company, →OCLC, page 75:

A macron is a mark placed above a long vowel to mark its quantity.

1974, Floyd L. Moreland, Rita M. Fleischer, Latin: An Intensive Course, University of California Press, page 13:

All vowels are pronounced short unless marked with a ¯ (macron) over them. So observe different vowel length of ‘i ’ in, e.g., fīlia, etc. It may be helpful, but is not essential, to mark macra in your exercises.

1986, Peter V. Jones, Keith C. Sidwell, “Introduction”, in Reading Latin, volumes 1 (Grammar, Vocabulary and Exercises), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 2, general note 1:

(orthography) A short, straight, horizontal diacritical mark (◌̄) placed over a letter, usually to indicate that the pronunciation of a vowel is long.


macron

nl-noun

macron m (plural macrons, diminutive macrontje n)

macrons (plural)
macrontje (diminutive neuter)

From Ancient Greek μακρόν (makrón), neuter form of μακρός (makrós, “long”).


stor

head

stor (comparative större, superlative störst)

större (comparative)
störst (superlative)
stor (indefinite positive)
större (comparative indefinite)
störst (indefinite superlative)
stort (indefinite neuter positive singular)
större (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
störst (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
stora (indefinite plural positive)
större (comparative indefinite plural)
störst (indefinite plural superlative)
stora (archaic indefinite masculine plural positive)
större (archaic comparative indefinite masculine plural)
störst (archaic indefinite masculine plural superlative)
store (definite masculine positive singular)
större (comparative definite masculine singular)
störste (definite masculine singular superlative)
stora (definite positive)
större (comparative definite)
största (definite superlative)

From Old Swedish stōr, from Old Norse stórr (“big, large, tall, great”), from Proto-Germanic *stōraz, from Proto-Indo-European *stāro-.

inh

Namn på länder skrivs med stor bokstav.

Names of countries are written with capital letters.

(writing, not comparable) uppercase, capital (of a letter)


pont

pontok (plural)
pont (nominative singular)
pontok (nominative plural)
pontot (accusative singular)
pontokat (accusative plural)
pontnak (dative singular)
pontoknak (dative plural)
ponttal (instrumental singular)
pontokkal (instrumental plural)
pontért (causal-final singular)
pontokért (causal-final plural)
ponttá (singular translative)
pontokká (plural translative)
pontig (singular terminative)
pontokig (plural terminative)
pontként (essive-formal singular)
pontokként (essive-formal plural)
pontban (inessive singular)
pontokban (inessive plural)
ponton (singular superessive)
pontokon (plural superessive)
pontnál (adessive singular)
pontoknál (adessive plural)
pontba (illative singular)
pontokba (illative plural)
pontra (singular sublative)
pontokra (plural sublative)
ponthoz (allative singular)
pontokhoz (allative plural)
pontból (elative singular)
pontokból (elative plural)
pontról (delative singular)
pontokról (delative plural)
ponttól (ablative singular)
pontoktól (ablative plural)
ponté (singular)
pontoké (plural)
pontéi (singular)
pontokéi (plural)
pontom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
pontjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
pontod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
pontjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
pontja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
pontjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
pontunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
pontjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
pontotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
pontjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
pontjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
pontjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from German Punkt, from Latin punctum.

(orthography) point, full stop, period (a terminal punctuation mark or a symbol of abbreviation)


ĉapelo

eo-head

ĉapelo (accusative singular ĉapelon, plural ĉapeloj, accusative plural ĉapelojn)

ĉapelon (accusative singular)
ĉapeloj (plural)
ĉapelojn (accusative plural)
chapelo (alternative)
cxapelo (alternative)

Ido: chapelo

From French chapeau and Italian cappello, both from Medieval Latin capellus, diminutive of Late Latin cappa. Doublet of ĉapo.

La esperantista memkonscio pri la ĉapeloj, kiujn portas iuj literoj, igas min ĝoji, ke ĉi tiu libro, apud anglalingva naskiĝo, ankaŭ kromnaskiĝas en la supersignita lingvo.

2011, Probal Dasgupta, Loĝi en homaj lingvoj: la substancisma perspektivo, Mondial, →ISBN, page 9:

The Esperantist self-awareness about the circumflexes that some letters bear causes me to rejoice that this book, beside its English birth, is also born again in the diacritically marked language.


initial

From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).

(typography, calligraphy) A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document.

caplletra

calligraphy: distinguished initial letter


stock character

en-noun

stock character (plural stock characters)

(writing, theater, film) Any fictional character drawn from some stereotype who is instantly recognizable.

ամպլուա

fictional character based on a recognizable stereotype


taut

en-adj

taut (comparative tauter, superlative tautest)

tauter (comparative)
tautest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English taught [and other forms], Early Middle English tohte, towehte (“strained, stretched; distended; tight; firm”), probably from tough, touth, touʒth, toʒt (“powerful, strong; fierce, violent; not tender, tough; hardy, resilient; steadfast, stout; difficult to do or endure”) and possibly influenced by togen, towen, past participle of ten (“to extend, stretch out; to drag, haul, pull, tow, tug”) (modern English tee (“(obsolete) to draw, lead; to draw away; to go, proceed”)), or directly from its etymon Old English tēon (“to drag, draw, pull”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull”)) The word may be related to thight (“(dialectal) compact, dense; close-fitting, tight”) and tight; and is cognate with Scots tacht, taght (“taut”).
The verb is probably derived from the adjective.

nb...

toft, toght, tohte, toth, tought, touht, tout, touȝt, touʒt, towght, towht, towt, towte, toȝt, toʒte

der

If he curbs his swing a little and gets something crisper and tauter in his methods he may yet be very good.

1921 March 19, Bernard Darwin, “Golf on the Forest”, in Peter Anderson Graham, editor, Country Life, volume XLIX, number 1263, London: George Newnes […], →OCLC, page 321, column 2:

The superbly crafted suspense thriller that director Jonathan Demme has made from Thomas Harris's taut best-selling novel The Silence of the Lambs slams you like a sudden blast of bone-chilling, pulse-pounding terror.

1991 February 14, Peter Travers, “The Silence of the Lambs [film review]”, in Rolling Stone, New York, N.Y.: Wenner Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-12-05:

Quick action and dialogue create a taut story, although it is illustration that shapes the characters.

1997, “Minty: A Story of a Young Harriet Tubman (written by Alan Schroeder, 1996) [book review]”, in Linda R. Andres, editor, Children’s Literature Review, volume 43, Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research, →ISBN, page 174, column 2; quoted in Milton C. Sernett, “‘Minty’”, in Harriet Tubman: Myth, Memory and History, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2007, →ISBN, page 35:

Guitarist Jade Puget and vocalist Davey Havok have distilled AFI's strengths (a ferocious, post-hardcore rhythmic backbone; goth-tinctured, post-punky guitars; and Havok's desperate, dramatic croon) into 14 taut, hook-driven songs.

2017 January 20, Annie Zaleski, “AFI Sounds Refreshed and Rejuvenated on Its 10th Album, AFI (The Blood Album)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-11-03:

(of music, writing, etc.) Containing only relevant parts; brief and controlled.

napínavý

containing only relevant parts; brief and controlled


lineo

Borrowed from English line, French ligne, German Linie, Italian linea, Russian ли́ния (línija), Spanish línea. Compare Esperanto linio.

io-bor

(genealogy, geometry, military, printing, telegraphy, writing, etc.) line


ultraism

en-noun

ultraism (countable and uncountable, plural ultraisms)

The eight young signers of this “Ultra manifesto” could not have known at the time how accurate and prescient their declaration was. Spanish ultraism, born as a movement with that document, would be distinguished, ironically, by its indiscriminate and eclectic borrowings from the other European vanguard tendencies.

1981, Thorpe Running, Borges' Ultraist Movement and its Poets, Lathrup Village, Mich.: International Book Publishers, →ISBN, page 1:

(poetry) A Spanish poetic movement opposed to modernism.


aubade

Princess Christina of the Netherlands
Rosalía de Castro

PIE word
 *albʰós
Borrowed from French aubade, from Old French albade, from Old Spanish albada (“musical or poetic composition to be performed in the morning”), from alba (“dawn”), from Vulgar Latin *alba (“dawn; sunrise”), from Latin albus (“bright, clear; white”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *albʰós (“white”).

beuregan

And there he lingered till the crowing cock, / The Alectryon of the farmyard and the flock, / Sang his aubade with lusty voice and clear, / To tell the sleeping world that dawn was near.

1873 August, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “[I. Tales of a Wayside Inn.] The Student’s Tale. Emma and Eginhard.”, in Aftermath, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., →OCLC, page 27:

Alladad Khan woke to the far crying of kampong cocks in the dark. That noise had been the farmyard aubade in the Punjab in his dream.

1956, Anthony Burgess, chapter 11, in Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), London: William Heinemann, published 1968, →ISBN, page 155:

(music, poetry) A poem or song evoking or greeting the dawn or early morning.

(music, specifically) A morning love song, or a song of lovers parting in the morning.

aubade

morning love song; song of lovers parting in the morning


wrapping

From Middle English wrappinge, wrappynge, equivalent to wrap + -ing.

See also: autowrap, backwrap, line break, word wrap, and wraparound

(computing, writing) The breaking of a section of text into lines so that it will fit into the available width of a display area.


soliloquy

en-noun

soliloquy (countable and uncountable, plural soliloquies)

Augustine of Hippo
Hamlet
Soliloquiorum libri duo
To be, or not to be
William Shakespeare

1595–1605; From Late Latin sōliloquium in the title of St. Augustine's Soliloquiorum libri duo ("Two Books of Soliloquies"), from sōlus (“only, sole”) + loquor (“I speak”).

The feeling of Singleton's bosom grew heightened in its tone of melancholy, and a more passionate emphasis of thought broke forth in his half-muttered soliloquy:— ¶"How I remember as I look […]

1835, William Gilmore Simms, The Partisan, Harper, Chapter XI, page 135:

Here is a very over-simplified example, this time expressed in the form of a subjective soliloquy rather than a computer simulation.

1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, Kindle edition, OUP Oxford, published 2016, page 126:

(authorship) A speech or written discourse in this form.


echolalia

echolalia (nominative singular)
echolalii (genitive singular)
echolalii (dative singular)
echolalię (accusative singular)
echolalią (instrumental singular)
echolalii (locative singular)
echolalio (singular vocative)

(rhetoric, poetry) echolalia (stylistic device consisting of the repetition of identical or similar vocal groups solely in order to emphasise the rhythmic or melodic character of the text)


doggerel

Probably from dog + -rel (“pejorative suffix”), akin to Dog Latin, late 14th c.

dogrel (alternative obsolete)
doggrel (alternative archaic)

True Wit has ſeen its best days long ago, / It ne're look'd up, ſince we were dipt in Show: / When Senſe in Dogrel Rimes and Clouds was loſt, / And Dulneſs flouriſh'd at the Actors coſt.

1677 (date written), John Dryden, “Prologue”, in The Kind Keeper; or, Mr. Limberham: A Comedy: […], London: […] R[ichard] Bentley, and M[ary] Magnes, […], published 1680, →OCLC:

(poetry) Of a crude or irregular construction.


doggerel

doggerel (countable and uncountable, plural doggerels)

doggerels (plural)
dogrel (alternative obsolete)
doggrel (alternative archaic)

Taffy drew a long breath into his manly bosom, and kept it there as he read this characteristic French doggerel (for so he chose to call this touching little symphony in ère and ra).

1894, George du Maurier, “Part Sixth”, in Trilby: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 302:

As he marched he sang a bit of doggerel in a high and quavering voice: / "Sing a song 'a vic'try, / A pocketful 'a bullets, / Five an' twenty dead men / Baked in a—pie."

1895 October, Stephen Crane, chapter VIII, in The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC, page 86:

(poetry) A comic or humorous verse, usually irregular in measure.


refactor

en-verb

refactor (third-person singular simple present refactors, present participle refactoring, simple past and past participle refactored)

refactors (present singular third-person)
refactoring (participle present)
refactored (participle past)
refactored (past)

Two significant activities which to contribute to community projects, such as Wikipedia, are to refactor complicated articles into simpler ones, and to refactor duplicated content into reusable templates.

(writing) To rewrite existing text in order to improve its readability, reusability or structure without intentionally affecting its meaning. Similar to, but sometimes involving more extensive restructuring than, copy editing.


stanco

eo-noun

stanco (accusative singular stancon, plural stancoj, accusative plural stancojn)

stancon (accusative singular)
stancoj (plural)
stancojn (accusative plural)


syllabary

/ˈsɪləˌbɛɹi/

From Neo-Latin syllabārium, from syllaba.

(orthography) A table or list of syllabic letters or syllables.

It shouldn't be hard to come up with a musical syllabary in which pitches code for vowels and timbres code for consonants.

(orthography) A writing system where each character represents a complete syllable.


chancery

en-noun

chancery (countable and uncountable, plural chanceries)

/ˈt͡ʃɑːnsəɹɪ/

/ˈt͡ʃænsəɹɪ/

/ˈt͡ʃɑːnsəɹi/

From French chancellerie, from Late Latin cancellaria, from Latin cancellarius, from Latin cancellus (“lattice”) (English chancel), from Latin cancelli (“grating, bars”), from the lattice-work that separated a section of a church or court.
See related chancellor and chancellery, and the more distantly related incarcerate (“put behind bars”), from carcer (“prison”).
The adverbial form is an allusion to the condition of a person involved in the chancery court.


madrigal

/ˈmæd͡ɹɪɡəl/

From Italian madrigale, from Latin mātrīcālis.

(poetry) A short poem, often pastoral, and suitable to be set to music.


sidekick

From side + kick, which in the late 19th and early 20th century was a slang term for the front side pocket of a pair of trousers, known as the pocket safest from theft. Thus, by analogy, a "side-kick" was a person's closest companion.

So even though he had – no question – the best lines in Friends, he was never what he would have been in an earlier era: the sidekick.

2023 October 29, Zoe Williams, “‘An ironic, self-deprecating metrosexual’: how Matthew Perry captured the spirit of the age”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(authorship, figuratively) In literature, theatre, etc., a good foil of the protagonist, a character who helps emphasize the traits of the main character.


Ionic

From Ancient Greek ἰωνικός (iōnikós, “related to Ionians”).

uder

(poetry) A four-syllable metrical unit of light-light-heavy-heavy (‿ ‿ — —) that occurs in Ancient Greek and Latin poetry.


Winter

en-noun

Winter (countable and uncountable, plural Winters)

(poetry) Alternative letter-case form of winter.


caput

la-noun

caput n (genitive capitis); third declension

capitis (genitive)
caput (nominative singular)
capita (nominative plural)
capitis (genitive singular)
capitum (genitive plural)
capitī (dative singular)
capitibus (dative plural)
caput (accusative singular)
capita (accusative plural)
capite (ablative singular)
capitibus (ablative plural)
caput (singular vocative)
capita (plural vocative)
cap. (alternative)
c. (alternative)
capud (alternative)
capus (alternative Late-Latin)
cabo (alternative)

Direct reflexes:

Sardinian: cabudu, cabude, cabide

⇒ Vulgar Latin: capus (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ English: caput

→ Portuguese: caput

Reflexes of capita and, via back-formation, a new singular *capitum:

Balkans:

Aromanian: capiti, capit, capitu

Istro-Romanian: cåpete

Megleno-Romanian: capiti

Romanian: capete, capăt

Italy and environs:

Central Italian: capita, capitu, capito

Lombard: caved

Sardinian: cabida

From *capucla, feminine of *capuclum, from *caputulum:

Italian: capocchia

From *caputia:

Italian: capoccia

From Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *káput. Cognates include German Haupt and English head.

capita rerum

(writing) A division, section, paragraph, chapter.


volte-face

volte-faces (plural)
volte face (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-volte-face.wav

Shakespeare often used volte-faces in the rhyming couplets at the end of his sonnets.

(literature, chiefly poetry) A dramatic change in mood or tone.


Alcaic verse

(poetry) A Greek meter, supposedly invented by Alcaeus, consisting of combinations of spondee, iambs and dactyls.


royalty

en-noun

royalty (countable and uncountable, plural royalties)

→ Danish: royalty

→ German: Royalty

→ Italian: royalty

→ Norwegian Bokmål: royalty

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: royalty

→ Portuguese: royalty

→ Swedish: royalty

From Middle English royaltee, roialtee, royalte, from Old French roialté, roiauté, realté (compare earlier Old French realted (“realm, kingdom”)), from Vulgar Latin *rēgālitās, from Latin rēgālis, equivalent to royal + -ty. Doublet of regality.

Until the total of advances in that contract has been earned out by royalties from any or all books in that contract, the author will not receive additional royalties.

2014, Richard Curtis, Mastering the Business of Writing:

(authorship) To make more money from a book than it cost to run an advertising campaign for it; to make enough in royalties to cover the advance a book received.


verso

Inherited from Old Spanish verso (“verse”).


stanza

From Italian stanza, from Vulgar Latin *stantia (“standing, stopping-place”), from Latin stāns, stantis, from stō, stāre, from Proto-Italic *staēō, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti, stative verb from *steh₂- (whence English stand). Doublet of stance.

der

(poetry) A unit of a poem, written or printed as a paragraph; equivalent to a verse.


impressionism

en-noun

impressionism (countable and uncountable, plural impressionisms)

(poetry) A style that used imagery and symbolism to portray the poet's impressions.


ghostwrite

en-verb

ghostwrite (third-person singular simple present ghostwrites, present participle ghostwriting, simple past ghostwrote, past participle ghostwritten)

ghostwrites (present singular third-person)
ghostwriting (participle present)
ghostwrote (past)
ghostwritten (participle past)
ghost-write (alternative)
ghost write (alternative)

Mariana would rather not ghostwrite for a living because she finds it a thankless task.

(authorship, intransitive) To write under the name of another (especially literary works).

The president has someone to ghostwrite his addresses.

(authorship, transitive) To author a literary work or speech in the place of another.


tinta

→ Tagalog: tinta

→ Tataltepec Chatino: tintya

→ Yogad: tinta

Inherited from Latin tincta (“dyed”), perfect passive participle of tingō (“dye”, verb). Cognate with English tint, Dutch tint, Estonian tint, French teinte, German Tinte, Hungarian tinta, Italian tinta, Luxembourgish Tintin, and Portuguese tinta.


monologue

monologues (plural)
monolog (alternative US noun)

dialogue

antonym(s) of “a monopolizing utterance”

First attested in c. 1550. Borrowed from Middle French monologue, modeled on dialogue, ultimately from Byzantine Greek μονόλογος (monólogos, “soliloquy, monologue”).

der

(drama, authorship) A long speech by one person in a play; sometimes a soliloquy; other times spoken to other characters.


exposition

en-noun

exposition (countable and uncountable, plural expositions)

From Middle English exposicioun, from Old French esposicion, from Latin expositiō, from expōnere (“to put forth”). The sense meaning "exhibition" is a later semantic loan from French exposition.

This essay has too much exposition in it.

My reviewer said she couldn't picture the setting for my story, so I'm improving the exposition.

(authorship) The act or process of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing, in nonfiction or in fiction; the portions and aspects of a piece of writing that exist mainly to describe or explain a set of things (such as, in fiction, the setting, characters and other non-plot elements).

I turned my research into an exposition on the traditional music of Borneo.

(authorship) An essay or speech in which any topic is discussed in detail.

বয়ান

(authorship) An opening section in fiction, in which background information about the characters, events or setting is conveyed.


run-in

en-adj

run-in (not generally comparable, comparative more run-in, superlative most run-in)

more run-in (comparative)
most run-in (superlative)

These headings are of the run-in type because a free-hanging style would just be a waste of column inches.

participial adjective
participial adjective

(participial adjective; editing, typography) (not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text.


anapest

anapest (nominative singular)
anapesty (nominative plural)
anapestu (genitive singular)
anapestů (genitive plural)
anapestu (dative singular)
anapestům (dative plural)
anapest (accusative singular)
anapesty (accusative plural)
anapeste (singular vocative)
anapesty (plural vocative)
anapestu (locative singular)
anapestech (locative plural)
anapestem (instrumental singular)
anapesty (instrumental plural)

K nejfrekventovanějším stopám patří trochej (¯ ˘), jamb (˘ ¯), daktyl (¯ ˘ ˘), anapest (˘ ˘ ¯), amfibrach (˘ ¯ ˘) a spondej (¯ ¯).

1997, Jiří Fukač with Jiří Vysloužil and Petr Macek, Slovník české hudební kultury, Praha: Editio Supraphon, →ISBN, page 742:

Trochee (¯ ˘), iamb (˘ ¯), dactyl (¯ ˘ ˘), anapest (˘ ˘ ¯), amphibrach (˘ ¯ ˘) and spondee (¯ ¯) belong among the most frequented feet.

Jakmile jsem si vytvořil tento vztah ke zvuku, jazyku a námětu, okamžitě jsem viděl – lépe řečeno, okamžitě jsem slyšel –, že anapest nemusí pokaždé skončit jako monotónní, ucouraná, vlezlá odrhovačka na způsob básní Edgara Allana Poea, Roberta Service, Kiplinga a dalších.

2007, James Dickey, “Básník jde do sebe”, in Revolver revue, volumes 67–68, page 125:

I saw at once—or rather I heard at once—when I began to have this kind of relationship to sound, language and subject, that the anapest needn't result in the monotonous, slugging, obtrusive singsong that it has in the poems of Edgar Allan Poe, Robert Service, Kipling, and others.

(poetry) anapest, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short or unstressed and one long or stressed


in-line

An in-line mathematical formula does not have to be on a line of its own.

Parenthetical referencing is a citation style which uses in-line citations enclosed within parentheses.

This is an inline (e.g. mid-sentence) template for marking up text as a Wikipedia self-reference.

(writing) Inserted in the flow of a text.


sestet

From Italian sestetto, from sesto (“sixth”), Latin sextus, from sex (“six”).

(poetry) The last six lines of a sonnet, forming two stanzas of three lines each.


longueur

Borrowed from French longueur (literally “length”).

bor+

Most of the reasons given for its disappearance make sense: people are happier, busier; the work done by the anti-Freudian skeptics has finally taken hold of the popular imagination, so that people have no time for analytic longueurs and no patience with its mystifications.

1998 August 17, Adam Gopnik, “Man Goes To See a Doctor”, in The New Yorker:

He cultivated the aura, if not quite of the Anti-Christ, at least of an Anti-Sun King, discountenancing his uncle and shocking the dévots by preferring the intimacy and informality of a clique of drinking companions to the formal longueurs of the courtly round […].

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 30:

[T]he reader can’t help feeling that a few judicious nips and tucks might have dispersed the longueurs that waft around the third quarter of the book.

2015 October 5, Michiko Kakutani, “Review: ‘City on Fire,’ Garth Risk Hallberg’s Novel of New York in the Bad Old Days”, in New York Times:

Claire Fontaine (who are actually a duo) have queered the phrase, lending its pungency and ambiguity to a biennale that I wish were nearly so succinct. There are longueurs. There are detours and incomprehensible delays.

2024 April 22, Adrian Searle, “Venice Biennale 2024 review – everything everywhere all at once”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(authorship) A lengthy passage in a dramatic or literary work, especially a dull or tedious one; a period of boredom.


medida

(literary, poetry, music) measure; measurement; number of syllables in a line (in poetry)


acento

(orthography) accent (mark to indicate accent)


spondee

spondees (plural)
spondeus (alternative archaic)

From Latin spondēus (“spondee”), from Ancient Greek σπονδεῖος (spondeîos, “associated with a libation”) from σπονδή (spondḗ, “libation”): spondees were often used in melodies sung at libations.

der

(poetry) A word or metrical foot of two syllables, either both long or both stressed.


mora

From Latin mora (“duration of time, delay”).

In the quantitative meters in Sanskrit a heavy syllable is considered to be equal to two morae and a light syllable equivalent to one mora.

1918, Elcanon Isaacs, “The Metrical Basis of Hebrew Poetry”, in The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, volume 35, page 22:

(poetry) A unit used to measure lines and stanzas of poetry.


mora

mora (nominative singular)
mory (nominative plural)
mory (genitive singular)
mor (genitive plural)
morze (dative singular)
morom (dative plural)
morę (accusative singular)
mory (accusative plural)
morą (instrumental singular)
morami (instrumental plural)
morze (locative singular)
morach (locative plural)
moro (singular vocative)
mory (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora. First attested in 1677–1690.

ref

Ewa Rodek (20.02.2023) “MORA II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

(poetry) mora (a unit used to measure lines and stanzas of poetry)


bylgja

is-noun

bylgja f (genitive singular bylgju, nominative plural bylgjur)

bylgju (genitive singular)
bylgjur (nominative plural)
bylgja (indefinite nominative singular)
bylgjan (definite nominative singular)
bylgjur (indefinite nominative plural)
bylgjurnar (definite nominative plural)
bylgju (accusative indefinite singular)
bylgjuna (accusative definite singular)
bylgjur (accusative indefinite plural)
bylgjurnar (accusative definite plural)
bylgju (dative indefinite singular)
bylgjunni (dative definite singular)
bylgjum (dative indefinite plural)
bylgjunum (dative definite plural)
bylgju (genitive indefinite singular)
bylgjunnar (definite genitive singular)
bylgna (genitive indefinite plural)
bylgja (genitive indefinite plural)
bylgnanna (definite genitive plural)
bylgjanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse bylgja, from Proto-Germanic *bulgijō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-.


hattur

hattur m (genitive singular hatts, nominative plural hattar)

hatts (genitive singular)
hattar (nominative plural)
hattur (indefinite nominative singular)
hatturinn (definite nominative singular)
hattar (indefinite nominative plural)
hattarnir (definite nominative plural)
hatt (accusative indefinite singular)
hattinn (accusative definite singular)
hatta (accusative indefinite plural)
hattana (accusative definite plural)
hatti (dative indefinite singular)
hattinum (dative definite singular)
höttum (dative indefinite plural)
höttunum (dative definite plural)
hatts (genitive indefinite singular)
hattsins (definite genitive singular)
hatta (genitive indefinite plural)
hattanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse hǫttr, from Proto-Germanic *hattuz.


háttur

háttur m (genitive singular háttar, nominative plural hættir)

háttar (genitive singular)
hættir (nominative plural)
háttur (indefinite nominative singular)
hátturinn (definite nominative singular)
hættir (indefinite nominative plural)
hættirnir (definite nominative plural)
hátt (accusative indefinite singular)
háttinn (accusative definite singular)
hætti (accusative indefinite plural)
háttu (accusative archaic indefinite literary plural)
hættina (accusative definite plural)
hætti (dative indefinite singular)
hættinum (dative definite singular)
háttum (dative indefinite plural)
háttunum (dative definite plural)
háttar (genitive indefinite singular)
háttarins (definite genitive singular)
hátta (genitive indefinite plural)
háttanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse háttr, from Proto-Germanic *hahtuz.


mál

non-decl-blank-full

mál

mál (indefinite nominative singular)
málit (definite nominative singular)
mǫ́l (indefinite nominative plural)
mǫ́lin (definite nominative plural)
mál (accusative indefinite singular)
málit (accusative definite singular)
mǫ́l (accusative indefinite plural)
mǫ́lin (accusative definite plural)
máli (dative indefinite singular)
málinu (dative definite singular)
mǫ́lum (dative indefinite plural)
mǫ́lunum (dative definite plural)
máls (genitive indefinite singular)
málsins (definite genitive singular)
mála (genitive indefinite plural)
málanna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: mál

Faroese: mál

Norwegian Bokmål: mål

Old Swedish: māl

Swedish: mål

Danish: mål

desc

→ Old English: māl (“speech, contract, agreement”)

Middle English: mal, male

English: mail

Scots: mail

From Proto-Germanic *maþlą, whence also Old Saxon mahal, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌻 (maþl).

bragarmál

contraction of unstressed words; poetic speech


ductus

Borrowed from Latin ductus (“leading, conducting”, noun). Doublet of duct and douit.

bor

The number of strokes that make up a written letter, and the direction, sequence and speed in which they are written (Compare graph; see also aspect.)

A subtle reduction of weight towards the middle of the stroke of the letter.


diacritical mark

en-noun

diacritical mark (plural diacritical marks)

(orthography, typography) A symbol in writing used with a letter to indicate a different pronunciation, stress, tone, or meaning.


acute accent

From Latin accentus (“accent”) acūtus (“sharp”), a calque of Ancient Greek προσῳδία (prosōidía, “accent”) ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”).
Cognate to French accent aigu.

der

(orthography): A diacritical mark ( ´ ) that can be placed above a number of letters in many languages of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic writing systems.


我們

/wɔ²¹⁴ mən⁴/

/wän²¹⁴ mə⁴/

/ŋo⁵³ mən²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː¹³ muːn²¹/

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ mɨn¹/

/ŋo⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/ŋo³³⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/ua⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋu²² mən⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² mən⁴⁴/

/wɔ²¹⁴ mən⁴/

/wän²¹⁴ mə⁴/

/ŋo⁵³ mən²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː¹³ muːn²¹/

/ŋo²¹³⁻²¹ mɨn¹/

/ŋo⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/ŋo³³⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/ua⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋu²² mən⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² mən⁴⁴/

2020, 杨琳, “流行的词源误说辨正”, in 励耘语言学刊, number 2:

We believe that the sense of “need” of 消 xiāo is self-extended.

Wǒmen rènwéi “xiāo” de xūyào yì shì zìshēn yǐnshēn chūlái de.

我们认为“消”的需要义是自身引申出来的。

我們認為“消”的需要義是自身引申出來的。

(academic writing) we; us (referring to the author(s) of the paper, even if the paper has only one author)

筆者

used in both academic and general writings


accent grave

nl-noun

accent grave n (plural accents graves or accent graves)

accents graves (plural)
accent graves (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from French accent grave.


accent grave

id-noun

accent grave (plural accent-accent grave)

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch accent grave (“grave accent”), from unadapted borrowing from French accent grave (“grave accent”).


accent grave

accent grave m (definite singular accent graven, indefinite plural accent graver, definite plural accent gravene)

accent graven (definite singular)
accent graver (indefinite plural)
accent gravene (definite plural)

[lærerinnen] kom med accent aigu og accent grave. Og det underlige skjedde at Frida Grytum i løpet av få uker hadde ført Paris inn i klasseværelset

1985, Gerd Brantenberg, Ved fergestedet, page 153:

[the teacher] came with acute accent and grave accent. And the strange thing happened that in a few weeks Frida Grytum had brought Paris into the classroom

(orthography) a grave accent (a diacritic mark ( ` ) used in many languages to distinguish the pronunciations of vowels.)


liten

head

liten (comparative mindre, superlative minst)

mindre (comparative)
minst (superlative)
liten (indefinite positive)
mindre (comparative indefinite)
minst (indefinite superlative)
litet (indefinite neuter positive singular)
mindre (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
minst (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
små (indefinite plural positive)
mindre (comparative indefinite plural)
minst (indefinite plural superlative)
små (archaic indefinite masculine plural positive)
mindre (archaic comparative indefinite masculine plural)
minst (archaic indefinite masculine plural superlative)
lille (definite masculine positive singular)
mindre (comparative definite masculine singular)
minste (definite masculine singular superlative)
lilla (definite positive)
mindre (comparative definite)
minsta (definite superlative)

From Old Norse lítinn, accusative of lítill, from Proto-Germanic *lītilaz.

(writing, not comparable) small, lowercase


بحر

ar-noun

بَحْر • (baḥr) m (plural بِحَار (biḥār) or بُحُور (buḥūr) or أَبْحُر (ʔabḥur))

بَحْر (canonical)
baḥr (romanization)
بِحَار (plural)
بُحُور (plural)
أَبْحُر (plural)
بَحْر (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَحْر (definite informal singular triptote)
بَحْر (construct informal singular triptote)
بَحْرٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَحْرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
بَحْرُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
بَحْرًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَحْرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
بَحْرَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
بَحْرٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَحْرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
بَحْرِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
بَحْرَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَحْرَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
بَحْرَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
بَحْرَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَحْرَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
بَحْرَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
بَحْرَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَحْرَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
بَحْرَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
بَحْرَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَحْرَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
بَحْرَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
بِحَار (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
بُحُور (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
أَبْحُر (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْبِحَار (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الْبُحُور (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الْأَبْحُر (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
بِحَار (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
بُحُور (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَبْحُر (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
بِحَارٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
بُحُورٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
أَبْحُرٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْبِحَارُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الْبُحُورُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَبْحُرُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
بِحَارُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
بُحُورُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَبْحُرُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
بِحَارًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
بُحُورًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
أَبْحُرًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْبِحَارَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
الْبُحُورَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
الْأَبْحُرَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
بِحَارَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
بُحُورَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَبْحُرَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
بِحَارٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
بُحُورٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
أَبْحُرٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْبِحَارِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
الْبُحُورِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
الْأَبْحُرِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
بِحَارِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)
بُحُورِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)
أَبْحُرِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

Gulf Arabic: بَحَر (bəḥər)

Maltese: baħar

Moroccan Arabic: بحر (bḥar)

→ Azerbaijani: bəhr

→ Bengali: বহর (bohor)

→ Lishana Deni: בחר (baḥḥaṛ)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: بحر (baḥr)
Turkish: bahir

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬਹਿਰ (bahir)

Shahmukhi script: بحر (bḥr)

→ Swahili: bahari
→ Malagasy: bahary

→ Uzbek: bahr

→ Zaghawa: bahar


catalectic

From Latin catalecticus, from Ancient Greek καταληκτικός (katalēktikós, “leaving off, incomplete”) from κατάληξις (katálēxis).

der

καταληκτικός

(poetry) A line with incomplete meter, lacking a syllable at the end or ending with an incomplete foot.


introverted

en-adj

introverted (comparative more introverted, superlative most introverted)

more introverted (comparative)
most introverted (superlative)
introvert (alternative)

In the Quatrain Reversed or Introverted, the first line corresponds with the fourth.

1896, Richard Green Moulton, The Literary Study of the Bible, page 50:

(poetry, literature) Arranged so that two similar words, lines, etc. form the middle of the structure.


voet

nl-noun

voet m (plural voeten, diminutive voetje n)

voeten (plural)
voetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: voet

Jersey Dutch: vût

desc

Negerhollands: voet, voeti, fut, futu, vut

→ Virgin Islands Creole: voet (dated)

Skepi Creole Dutch: fut

→? Sranan Tongo: futu

→? Aukan: futu

→ Saramaccan: fútu

From Middle Dutch voet, from Old Dutch fuot, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.

Dit gedicht heeft een ritme van vier voeten per vers.

This poem has a rhythm of four feet per line.

Een jambische pentameter heeft vijf voeten per vers.

An iambic pentameter has five feet per line.

(poetry) foot (most basic element of a metre)


englyn

The concluding Englyn has written below it, in a very bad and quite different hand, "Dauid (or Daniel?) Davies," but whether this name is that of the supposed author of the Englynion, or that of one of the owners of the MS., we cannot say.

1892, F[rancis] T[urner] Palgrave, “Henry Vaughan of Scethrog, 1622–1695: Some Notes on His Life and Characteristics as a Poet of Welsh Descent”, in Egerton Phillimore, editor, Y Cymmrodor: The Magazine of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, volume XI, London: Printed for the Society [Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion] by Gilbert & Rivington, Limited, St. John's House, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., page 222:

The metrical system of the canine original, which recalls the intricate alliterative and isosyllabic rules of the Welsh englyn, is infinitely more complicated but we believe our readers will agree that the spirit has been well caught.

1922 February 2, James Joyce, Ulysses: A Novel, Paris: Shakespeare and Company; Sylvia Beach, OCLC 560090630; republished London: Published for the Egoist Press, London by John Rodker, Paris, October 1922, OCLC 2297483, page 299

The englyn as we know it in Canu Llywarch Hen and Elegy on Cynddylan is characterized by three lines with end rhyme.

1993, Sarah Lynn Higley, Between Languages: The Uncooperative Text in Early Welsh and Old English Nature Poetry, University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, →ISBN:

(poetry) A short Welsh or Cornish poem of a variable structure, with each line using quantitative metre and cynghanedd (a repeating pattern of consonants and accent), and different lines being arranged in standardized patterns of rhyme and half rhyme.


μέτρον

grc-noun

μέτρον • (métron) n (genitive μέτρου); second declension

métron (romanization)
μέτρου (genitive)
τὸ μέτρον (nominative singular)
μέτρω (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ μέτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ μέτρου (genitive singular)
μέτροιν (dual genitive)
μέτρων (genitive plural)
τῷ μέτρῳ (dative singular)
μέτροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς μέτροις (dative plural)
τὸ μέτρον (accusative singular)
μέτρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ μέτρᾰ (accusative plural)
μέτρον (singular vocative)
μέτρω (dual vocative)
μέτρᾰ (plural vocative)

Greek: μέτρο (métro)

→ English: metron

desctree

→ Latin: metrum
→ Dutch: metrum
→ Indonesian: metrum
→ French: mètre (see there for further descendants)
→ German: Metrum
→ Luxembourgish: Metrum
→ Old Irish: metar
Irish: meadar
→ English: mether, medar, meather, madder
→ Fingallian: meddar
→ Italian: metro
→ Polish: metrum
Spanish: miedro

From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”) + -τρον (-tron).


ottava

From Italian ottava (“octave”) (also feminine form of ottavo (“eighth”), ordinal form of otto).


runa

pl-noun

runa f (related adjective runiczny or runicki or runowy or runiany)

runiczny (adjective)
runicki (adjective)
runowy (adjective)
runiany (adjective)
runa (nominative singular)
runy (nominative plural)
runy (genitive singular)
run (genitive plural)
runie (dative singular)
runom (dative plural)
runę (accusative singular)
runy (accusative plural)
runą (instrumental singular)
runami (instrumental plural)
runie (locative singular)
runach (locative plural)
runo (singular vocative)
runy (plural vocative)

(chiefly in the plural, poetry) rune (Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala)


punctum

la-noun

pūnctum n (genitive pūnctī); second declension

pūnctum (canonical neuter)
pūnctī (genitive)
pūnctum (nominative singular)
pūncta (nominative plural)
pūnctī (genitive singular)
pūnctōrum (genitive plural)
pūnctō (dative singular)
pūnctīs (dative plural)
pūnctum (accusative singular)
pūncta (accusative plural)
pūnctō (ablative singular)
pūnctīs (ablative plural)
pūnctum (singular vocative)
pūncta (plural vocative)

Asturian: puntu

Catalan: punt

→ Danish: punktum

→ Dutch: punt

→ English: punctum

Friulian: pont

Galician: punto

→ German: Punkt, Punktum

→ Esperanto: punkto

→ Serbo-Croatian: punkt

→ Hungarian: pont

→ Romanian: pont

Irish: ponc

Italian: punto

→ English: punto

→ Ottoman Turkish: پونطو (punto)

Turkish: punto

→ Middle Low German: punct

→ Old Norse: punktr

Danish: punkt

Norwegian Bokmål: punkt

Swedish: punkt

→ Middle Welsh: pwnc

Welsh: pwnc

→ Norwegian Bokmål: punktum

Occitan: ponch

desctree

→ Old Czech: punkt (learned)
Czech: punkt

Old French: point

→ Middle English: point

→ Middle Welsh: pwynt

Welsh: pwynt

English: point, p'int
→ Cantonese: point
→ Indonesian: poin
→ Japanese: ポイント (pointo)
→ Korean: 포인트 (pointeu)
→ Malay: poin

Middle French: poinct

French: point

→ Danish: point

→ Dutch: punt

→ Norwegian Bokmål: poeng

→ Polish: pointa

→ Swedish: poäng

→ Turkish: puan

→ Middle Irish: pointe

Irish: pointe

Norman: point

Portuguese: ponto

→ Polish: punkt (learned)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *puɨθ

Middle Welsh: pwyth

Welsh: pwyth

→ Romanian: punct

→ Russian: пункт (punkt)

Sicilian: puntu

Spanish: punto, puento (dialectal)

→ Tagalog: punto

Venetan: ponto

Neuter form of pūnctus, the perfect passive participle of pungō (“to prick, puncture”).


prosody

en-noun

prosody (countable and uncountable, plural prosodies)

From Middle French prosodie, from Latin prosōdia, from Ancient Greek προσῳδία (prosōidía, “song sung to music; pronunciation of syllable”), from πρός (prós, “to”) + ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”).

der

But the system of prosody in Samson plainly forbids extrametrical syllables in the midst of the line, and there is certainly no other example.

1894, Robert Bridges, Milton's Prosody, Oxford University Press, page 30:

(poetry) The study of poetic meter; the patterns of sounds and rhythms in verse.


بيت

ar-noun

بَيْت • (bayt) m (plural أَبْيَات (ʔabyāt))

بَيْت (canonical)
bayt (romanization)
أَبْيَات (plural)
بَيْت (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَيْت (definite informal singular triptote)
بَيْت (construct informal singular triptote)
بَيْتٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَيْتُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
بَيْتُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
بَيْتًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَيْتَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
بَيْتَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
بَيْتٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَيْتِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
بَيْتِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
بَيْتَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبَيْتَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
بَيْتَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
بَيْتَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَيْتَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
بَيْتَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
بَيْتَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَيْتَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
بَيْتَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
بَيْتَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبَيْتَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
بَيْتَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَبْيَات (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَبْيَات (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَبْيَات (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَبْيَاتٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَبْيَاتُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَبْيَاتُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَبْيَاتًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَبْيَاتَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَبْيَاتَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَبْيَاتٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَبْيَاتِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَبْيَاتِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: beyt

→ Persian: بیت (beyt)

→ Urdu: بیت (bait)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بیت (beyt, beyit)

> Turkish: beyit (inherited)

→ Uyghur: بېيىت (bëyit)

→ Uzbek: bayt


adaptation

en-noun

adaptation (countable and uncountable, plural adaptations)

adaptations (plural)
adaption (alternative rare)

/ˌædəpˈteɪʃən/

/ˌædæpˈteɪʃən/

/aˈɖæpˌʈeːʃan/

From French adaptation, from Medieval Latin adaptātiō, from Latin adaptō (“I fit, adjust, modify; I adapt, fit or adjust to”); see adapt. Equivalent to adapt + -ation.

der

Having partly a bibliographic value, and partly confirming the statements above as to Balzac's influence, the following details concerning theatrical adaptations of some of his novels may serve as a supplement to this chapter.

(countable, authorship) An artistic work that has been adapted from a different medium.


草書

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (草書):
* → Japanese: 草書(そうしょ) (sōsho)
* → Korean: 초서(草書) (choseo)
* → Vietnamese: thảo thư (草書)

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ su³³/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ su³³/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

(calligraphy) a Chinese calligraphic style

cursive script
a Chinese calligraphic style


Vokal

de-noun

Vokal m (strong, genitive Vokales or Vokals, plural Vokale)

Vokales (genitive)
Vokals (genitive)
Vokale (plural)
Vokal (nominative singular)
Vokale (definite nominative plural)
Vokales (genitive singular)
Vokals (genitive singular)
Vokale (definite genitive plural)
Vokal (dative singular)
Vokale (dative singular)
Vokalen (dative definite plural)
Vokal (accusative singular)
Vokale (accusative definite plural)
Vocal (alternative obsolete)
Vocalis (alternative obsolete)

15th century, from Latin (littera) vōcālis (“vowel”).

(orthography) vowel letter (letter representing such a sound)


flashback

→ German: Flashback

→ Spanish: flashback

→ Norwegian: flashback

→ Portuguese: flashback

(authorship) A dramatic device in which an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronological flow of a narrative.

salt enrere

a dramatic device in which an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronological flow of a narrative


decima

Borrowed from Spanish décima, from Latin decima (“a tenth”). Doublet of decim, decime, and dime.

His album... dealt with the song form of Puerto Rican back-country troubadours, and it had a preoccupation with... the décima, a 10-line stanza with specific rhyme schemes.

(poetry) A 10-line verse or stanza, (chiefly) in the form of a song comprising an introductory verse followed by four such divisions.


jamb

jambi (genitive)
jambi (partitive)
jamb (nominative singular)
jambid (nominative plural)
jamb (accusative nominative singular)
jambid (accusative nominative plural)
jambi (accusative genitive singular)
jambid (accusative genitive plural)
jambi (genitive singular)
jambide (genitive plural)
jambi (partitive singular)
jambe (partitive plural)
jambisid (partitive plural)
jambi (illative singular)
jambisse (illative singular)
jambidesse (illative plural)
jambesse (illative plural)
jambis (inessive singular)
jambides (inessive plural)
jambes (inessive plural)
jambist (elative singular)
jambidest (elative plural)
jambest (elative plural)
jambile (allative singular)
jambidele (allative plural)
jambele (allative plural)
jambil (adessive singular)
jambidel (adessive plural)
jambel (adessive plural)
jambilt (ablative singular)
jambidelt (ablative plural)
jambelt (ablative plural)
jambiks (singular translative)
jambideks (plural translative)
jambeks (plural translative)
jambini (singular terminative)
jambideni (plural terminative)
jambina (essive singular)
jambidena (essive plural)
jambita (abessive singular)
jambideta (abessive plural)
jambiga (comitative singular)
jambidega (comitative plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἴαμβος (íambos).


jamb

pl-noun

jamb m inan (related adjective jambiczny)

jambiczny (adjective)
jamb (nominative singular)
jamby (nominative plural)
jambu (genitive singular)
jambów (genitive plural)
jambowi (dative singular)
jambom (dative plural)
jamb (accusative singular)
jamby (accusative plural)
jambem (instrumental singular)
jambami (instrumental plural)
jambie (locative singular)
jambach (locative plural)
jambie (singular vocative)
jamby (plural vocative)

(poetry, prosody) iamb (metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable)


clustering

(writing) A prewriting technique consisting of writing ideas down on a sheet of paper around a central idea within a circle, with the related ideas radially joined to the circle using rays.


envoy

From French envoyé (“envoy, messenger”), from envoyer (“send”).

(poetry) Alternative spelling of envoi (“short stanza at end of poem”).


teleplay

(authorship) A script formatted like a screenplay for cinema, but written to be made into an episode of a television show.


screenplay

screenplays (plural)
screen play (alternative)

I know Corinne would be happy if I started writing scripts again. Since my last screenplay, I haven't written anything in over four months.

(authorship, cinematography) A script for a movie or a television show; especially, the former specifically.


háček

háčeks (plural)
háčky (plural)
haček (alternative)
hacek (alternative)
hachek (alternative)
haċek (alternative)
hatcheck (alternative)
hatschek (alternative)
hatchek (alternative)
hacheck (alternative)
hac̬ek (alternative)
haczek (alternative)
hácek (alternative)
haĉek (alternative)
haceck (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-háček.wav

First attested in 1951; from the Czech háček (“háček”, literally “little hook”), the diminutive of hák (“hook”) (from Middle High German hāken, from Old High German hāko (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *hakô (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook”)) + the diminutive suffix -ek. Cognate with and formed like English hooklet and German Häkchen. Also cognate with Old English haca (“hook, door-fastening”) and modern English hake (more information below).

cog

The caret (ˇ), háček, is used over the following consonants: c, d, n, t, r, s, and z to indicate the soft sound.

1948, Bohumil Emil Mikula, Progressive Czech (Bohemian), page 6:

Linguistic forms had to be set in ordinary roman type and the capital C of Cäxa had to be left without a háček.

1951, Hans Jakob Polotsky, Notes on Gurage Grammar, page 5:

Good Teutonic Kitsch looks rather forlorn and out of place wearing a Bohemian háček over its shrunken hind quarters. But the high traditions of scholarship must be maintained, and on these pages Meester Kitsch will masquerade as Mr. Kič.

1956, Morris Halle, editor, For Roman Jakobson, page 332:

In the system used here and elsewhere in this article for Bantu tone, low syllables are unmarked, high syllables have an acute accent, and rising syllables a haček respectively; thus a, á, ǎ.

1966, Charles Ernest Bazell et al., editors, In Memory of J.R. Firth, page 205:

The printer had no hatchek — the flattened “v” that appears over letters in Czech — to put over Dvořak’s R. So somebody laboriously inked in all the hatcheks.

1991, Peter Hugh Reed, American Record Guide, LIV:ii, page 69:

háček used to signify the third tone (wǔ — ‘five’)

2002, Torbjörn Lundmark, Quirky QWERTY, page 34:

Another orthographic practice […] was developed […] in the twentieth century: this is the adoption of the hacek for the representation of the Cypriot postalveolar fricatives and affricates, which are otherwise not distinguished by the normal characters of the Greek alphabet alone. It was not until very recently, therefore, that the spellings <σ̌>, <τσ̌>, <ζ̌> and <τζ̌>, for [ʃ], [tʃ], [ʒ] and [dʒ] respectively, became available.

2005, Stavroula Varella, Language Contact and the Lexicon in the History of Cypriot Greek, page 46:

My father always wrote Bětik with a little “v” called haĉek, above the “e”; Marušaks placed the haĉek above the “s”.

2006, Mary Betik Trojacek, Beyond Ellis Island, page 17:

For examples of the usage of other forms of this term see Citations:háček, Citations:haček, Citations:hacek, Citations:haċek, Citations:hachek, Citations:hatcheck, Citations:hatschek, Citations:hǎcek, Citations:hatchek, Citations:hacheck, Citations:hac̬ek, Citations:haczek, Citations:háçek, Citations:hácek, Citations:haĉek, Citations:haceck and Citations:háčky.

diacritical mark
diacritical mark#English

(orthography and typography) A caron; a diacritical mark (ˇ) usually resembling an inverted circumflex, but in the cases of ď, Ľ, ľ, and ť resembling a prime (′) instead.

Ǎǎ Čč Ďď Ěě Ǧǧ Ȟȟ Ǐǐ J̌ǰ Ǩǩ Ľľ Ňň Ǒǒ Řř Šš Ťť Ǔǔ Ǚǚ Žž Ǯǯ DŽDždž Ǆǅǆ

acute accent

diacritics used in Latin-derived scripts

comma

above right ( ̕); below ( ̦), reversed (ʽ), turned (ʻ)

hook

above ( ̉); palatal ( ̡), retroflex ( ̢), rhotic (˞)

tilde

above (˜); below ( ̰), double ( ͠ ), middle / overlay ( ̴), vertical ( ̾)


baria

bareia (alternative)
varia (alternative)

(orthography and typography) An Ancient Greek pitch-marking diacritic: ⟨ ` ⟩; written atop vowels, it denotes normal or low pitch.


rann

head

rann m (genitive singular rainn, nominative plural rainn)

rainn (genitive singular)
rainn (nominative plural)
rann (indefinite nominative singular)
rainn (indefinite nominative plural)
a rainn (indefinite singular vocative)
a ranna (indefinite plural vocative)
rainn (genitive indefinite singular)
rann (genitive indefinite plural)
rann (dative indefinite singular)
rainn (dative indefinite plural)
an rann (definite nominative singular)
na rainn (definite nominative plural)
an rainn (definite genitive singular)
na rann (definite genitive plural)
leis an rann (dative definite singular)
don rann (dative definite singular)
leis na rainn (dative definite plural)


rann

rann m (genitive singular rainn, plural rannan)

rainn (genitive singular)
rannan (plural)

às na ceithir ranna ruadha

from all corners of the earth, from all four corners of the world; from the four red parts


spondaic

From Latin spondaicus, spondiacus, from Ancient Greek σπονδειακός (spondeiakós, “(music) used at a libation”).

der

(poetry) Having or relating to spondees.


trochaic

trochaics (plural)
troch. (alternative abbreviation)
trochaick (alternative obsolete)

Either via the French trochaïque or directly from its etymon, the Latin trochaicus, from the Ancient Greek τροχαικός (trokhaikós), from τροχαῖος (trokhaîos), whence trochee.

(poetry) A poetical composition of this kind.


xenia

xenia (nominative singular)
xenie (nominative plural)
xenii (genitive singular)
xenii (genitive plural)
xenij (archaic genitive plural)
xenii (dative singular)
xeniom (dative plural)
xenię (accusative singular)
xenie (accusative plural)
xenią (instrumental singular)
xeniami (instrumental plural)
xenii (locative singular)
xeniach (locative plural)
xenio (singular vocative)
xenie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξενίᾱ (xeníā).

lbor

(poetry) Xenien (biting epigram in the form of a two-line poem)


dur

head

dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine and feminine plural dur)

dura (feminine singular)
dur (feminine masculine plural)
dür (alternative Modern)

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).


terza rima

en-noun

terza rima (usually uncountable, plural terze rime)

/ˌtɛːtsə ˈɹiːmə/

Borrowed from Italian terza rima (literally “third rhyme”).

bor

In attempting to make the ‘Divina Commedia’ better known to English readers, it might have been held only a fitting mark of deference to my original to reproduce it, if practicable, in the metre of the poet's own choice. But on the appearance of my ‘Inferno,’ its Terza Rima was denounced as the one ‘deleterious ingredient’ which corrupted the version throughout, […]

1865, Dante Alighieri, “preface”, in John Dayman, transl., The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri: Translated in Terza Rima by John Dayman, page viii:

(poetry) An arrangement of triplets, generally in iambic pentameter in English, with rhyme scheme aba bcb cdc.

тэрцы́на

arrangement of triplets rhyming aba bcb cdc


terza rima

(poetry) terza rima (arrangement of triplets rhyming aba bcb cdc)


versification

en-noun

versification (countable and uncountable, plural versifications)

(poetry) The act, art, or practice of composing poetic verse; the construction or measure of verse or poetry; metrical composition.


apostrophic

All we need to know is that, in Shakespeare’s time, an apostrophe indicated omitted letters, which meant Hamlet could say with supreme apostrophic confidence: “Fie on’t! O fie!”; […]

2003 November 6, Lynne Truss, “The Tractable Apostrophe”, in Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, London: Profile Books Ltd, →ISBN, page 38:

(orthography) Pertaining to the grammatical use of, or using, the apostrophe (the diacritical mark ').

apostrófico

pertaining to the apostrophe (the diacritical mark ')


hringur

is-noun

hringur m (genitive singular hrings, nominative plural (usually for non-jewelry) hringir or (usually for jewelry) hringar)

hrings (genitive singular)
hringir (nominative plural usually)
hringar (nominative plural usually)
hringur (indefinite nominative singular)
hringurinn (definite nominative singular)
hringir (indefinite nominative plural)
hringar (indefinite nominative plural)
hringirnir (definite nominative plural)
hringarnir (definite nominative plural)
hring (accusative indefinite singular)
hringinn (accusative definite singular)
hringi (accusative indefinite plural)
hringa (accusative indefinite plural)
hringina (accusative definite plural)
hringana (accusative definite plural)
hring (dative indefinite singular)
hringnum (dative definite singular)
hringjum (dative indefinite plural)
hringum (dative indefinite plural)
hringjunum (dative definite plural)
hringunum (dative definite plural)
hrings (genitive indefinite singular)
hringsins (definite genitive singular)
hringja (genitive indefinite plural)
hringa (genitive indefinite plural)
hringjanna (definite genitive plural)
hringanna (definite genitive plural)

is-ndecl

((<m,,ir􂀿usually for non-jewelry􂁀.j>,<m,,ar􂀿usually for jewelry􂁀.dat->))

From Old Norse hringr, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz.


muta

Deverbal from mutare (“to change”) + -a.

(poetry, archaic) each of the two tercets in a Petrarchan sonnet


subtitle

(authorship) A heading below or after a title.


confessionalism

en-noun

confessionalism (countable and uncountable, plural confessionalisms)

Confessionalism (poetry)
Confessionalism (religion)

Her rendition of "Dry Land" from her first album, Back to the Night, was a poetic fusion of music and lyrics that achieved an intimate tone too often sacrificed to confessionalism by other singers.

1977 April 23, Steve Blevins, “Armatrading: "Sit Back And See"”, in Gay Community News, page 11:

(poetry) A style of American poetry that draws on the personal history of the poet.


logline

loglines (plural)
logge-line (alternative)
log lyne (alternative)
logg line (alternative)
logg-line (alternative)
loggline (alternative)
log line (alternative)
log-line (alternative)

First attested in 1613 as logge-line. A compound of log + line.

Screenwriting Tip #12: If you don't know your own logline, you probably don't know what your script is about. Some writers will tell you they don't have a logline. Their screenplay is “too complex” or “too character-driven,” […]

2013, Xander Bennett, Screenwriting Tips, You Hack, page 16:

The first step in outlining is to make sure that your logline, that one-or-two- sentence summary of your movie you first created in chapter 2 (“Jump-starting the Screenplay”), is the best that it can be in capturing what your movie is about now.

2013, Linda Venis, Cut to the Chase: Writing Feature Films with the Pros at UCLA Extension Writers' Program, Penguin, →ISBN:

(authorship) A very short summary of a script or screenplay.


breu

Inherited from Latin brevem. Compare Occitan brèu.


brevis

la-noun

brevis f (genitive brevis); third declension

brevis (genitive)
brevis (nominative singular)
brevēs (nominative plural)
brevis (genitive singular)
brevium (genitive plural)
brevī (dative singular)
brevibus (dative plural)
brevem (accusative singular)
brevēs (accusative plural)
brevīs (accusative plural)
breve (ablative singular)
brevibus (ablative plural)
brevis (singular vocative)
brevēs (plural vocative)

English: breve

Italian: breve


introversion

en-noun

introversion (usually uncountable, plural introversions)

/ɪntɹəʊˈvɜːʃən/

/ɪntɹəˈvəɹʒən/

/ɪntɹəˈvəɹʃən/

/ɪntɹoʊˈvəɹʃən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-introversion.wav

From New Latin intrōversio, from intrōvertere (“to turn within”), from Classical Latin intro (“within”) and vertere (“to turn”). Equivalent to introvert + -sion.

Such introversion is merely a matter of form.

1896, Richard Green Moulton, The Literary Study of the Bible, page 50:

(poetry and literature) Arrangement of two similar words, lines, etc. to form the middle part of a structure.


Eridanus

la-proper noun

Ēridanus m sg (genitive Ēridanī); second declension

Ēridanus (canonical masculine singular)
Ēridanī (genitive)
Ēridanus (nominative singular)
Ēridanī (genitive singular)
Ēridanō (dative singular)
Ēridanum (accusative singular)
Ēridanō (ablative singular)
Ēridane (singular vocative)
Ēridanī (locative singular)

?Dutch: Eridanus

English: Eridanus

?Finnish: Eridanus

?French: Éridan

?Galician: Eridano

?German: Eridanus

Italian: Eridano

?Japanese: エリダヌス座 (Eridanusu-za)

?Polish: Erydan

?Russian: Эридан (Eridan)

?Spanish: Eridanus

?Turkish: Eridanus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἠρῐδᾰνός (Ērĭdănós).

(Greek mythology and poetry) synonym of Padus (“the River Po”)


poulter's measure

en-noun

poulter's measure (plural poulter's measures)

Coined by George Gascoigne in 1576, because it was said that poulters gave 12 eggs for the first dozen and 14 if you bought a second dozen.

Good ladies, ye that have your pleasure in exile
Step in your foot, come take a place and mourn with me awhile.
And such as by their lords do set but little price,
Let them sit still, it skills them not what chance come on the dice.

1547, Earl Surrey, Complaint on the absence of her lover being at sea.:

(poetry) A metre with alternate lines of 12 and 14 syllables.


kenning

A learned borrowing from Old Norse kenning, from kenna (“to know; to perceive”), from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to make known”); see further at etymology 1. Compare can, keen, ken.

der

[A]s we are all aware, the Skalds used all sorts of kennings from Jewels, Gold, Silver, &c., to betoken Women, &c. Gold is called "The Sea's Blink (Blik)", and so on, and a female is "Gold's Mistress", "The Goddess of the Golden Jewel", and so forth.

1867–1868, George Stephens, “Bracteates”, in The Old-Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England, Now First Collected and Deciphered, volume II, London: John Russell Smith; Copenhagen: Michaelsen and Tillge; printed by H. H. Thiele, →OCLC, pages 509–510:

I venture to say that a close study of the style of Piers Plowman would thoroughly dispose of alliteration as chief factor in the kenning-process.

1887 January, Francis B. Gummere, “Wilhelm Bode: Die Kenningar in der angelsächsen Dichtung. Mit Ausblicken auf andere Litteraturen. Darmstadt und Leipzig, 1886. [Strasburg Dissertation].”, in A. Marshall Elliott, editor, Modern Language Notes, volume II, number 1, Baltimore, Md.: [Johns Hopkins Press], →ISSN, →OCLC, column 36:

If we now move to the second helmingr, Kock tries to unscramble the two kenningar[…], but this is over-zealous, since there are ample parallels for such braiding of kenning elements. Finnbogi interprets the kenning 'ǫrbeiðanda bǫðvar jǫkla' contextually, to mean 'the one who provoked the warrior into drawing his sword' (Orkneyinga saga, 202).

2006, Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, Turnhout, Antwerp, Belgium: Brepols, →OCLC, page 149:

The original also makes frequent use of the circumlocutory type of poetic expression known as the kenning, which consists (in its simplest form) of a base-word (always a noun, sometimes the second of the two elements in a compound word) accompanied by a determinant (either a noun in the genitive or, in the case of a compound-word kenning, the first of the compound's two elements).

2007, Andrew Wawn with Graham Johnson and John Walter, editors, Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey (Making in the Middle Ages; 9), Turnhout, Antwerp, Belgium: Brepols, →ISBN, page 172:

(poetry) A metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way.

kenning

metaphorical phrase used in Germanic poetry


kenning

kenning (indefinite nominative singular)
kenningen (definite nominative singular)
kenninger (indefinite nominative plural)
kenningerne (definite nominative plural)
kennings (genitive indefinite singular)
kenningens (definite genitive singular)
kenningers (genitive indefinite plural)
kenningernes (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed from Old Norse kenning, from the verb kenna (“to know”).


kenning

is-noun

kenning f (genitive singular kenningar, nominative plural kenningar)

kenningar (genitive singular)
kenningar (nominative plural)
kenning (indefinite nominative singular)
kenningin (definite nominative singular)
kenningar (indefinite nominative plural)
kenningarnar (definite nominative plural)
kenningu (accusative indefinite singular)
kenninguna (accusative definite singular)
kenningar (accusative indefinite plural)
kenningarnar (accusative definite plural)
kenningu (dative indefinite singular)
kenningunni (dative definite singular)
kenningum (dative indefinite plural)
kenningunum (dative definite plural)
kenningar (genitive indefinite singular)
kenningarinnar (definite genitive singular)
kenninga (genitive indefinite plural)
kenninganna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse kenning (“feeling, knowledge”). By surface analysis, kenna (“to teach”) + -ing.

surf

(poetry) kenning (circumlocution used instead of an ordinary noun in Old Norse, Old English and later Icelandic poetry)


kenning

kenning (nominative singular)
kenningi (nominative plural)
kenningu (genitive singular)
kenningów (genitive plural)
kenningowi (dative singular)
kenningom (dative plural)
kenning (accusative singular)
kenningi (accusative plural)
kenningiem (instrumental singular)
kenningami (instrumental plural)
kenningu (locative singular)
kenningach (locative plural)
kenningu (singular vocative)
kenningi (plural vocative)

(poetry) kenning (metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way)


peon

peon (nominative singular)
peony (nominative plural)
peonu (genitive singular)
peonów (genitive plural)
peonowi (dative singular)
peonom (dative plural)
peon (accusative singular)
peony (accusative plural)
peonem (instrumental singular)
peonami (instrumental plural)
peonie (locative singular)
peonach (locative plural)
peonie (singular vocative)
peony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παιών (paiṓn).

lbor

(poetry) paeon (foot containing any pattern of three short syllables and one long syllable)


dipody

From di- + -pody, from Ancient Greek δι- (di-, “two”) and πούς, ποδός (poús, podós, “foot”).


hyperbaton

hyperbaton (nominative singular)
hyperbatonit (nominative plural)
hyperbaton (accusative nominative singular)
hyperbatonit (accusative nominative plural)
hyperbatonin (accusative genitive singular)
hyperbatonit (accusative genitive plural)
hyperbatonin (genitive singular)
hyperbatonien (genitive plural)
hyperbatonia (partitive singular)
hyperbatoneja (partitive plural)
hyperbatonissa (inessive singular)
hyperbatoneissa (inessive plural)
hyperbatonista (elative singular)
hyperbatoneista (elative plural)
hyperbatoniin (illative singular)
hyperbatoneihin (illative plural)
hyperbatonilla (adessive singular)
hyperbatoneilla (adessive plural)
hyperbatonilta (ablative singular)
hyperbatoneilta (ablative plural)
hyperbatonille (allative singular)
hyperbatoneille (allative plural)
hyperbatonina (essive singular)
hyperbatoneina (essive plural)
hyperbatoniksi (singular translative)
hyperbatoneiksi (plural translative)
hyperbatonitta (abessive singular)
hyperbatoneitta (abessive plural)
hyperbatonein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hyperbatonini (nominative singular)
hyperbatonini (nominative plural)
hyperbatonini (accusative nominative singular)
hyperbatonini (accusative nominative plural)
hyperbatonini (accusative genitive singular)
hyperbatonini (accusative genitive plural)
hyperbatonini (genitive singular)
hyperbatonieni (genitive plural)
hyperbatoniani (partitive singular)
hyperbatonejani (partitive plural)
hyperbatonissani (inessive singular)
hyperbatoneissani (inessive plural)
hyperbatonistani (elative singular)
hyperbatoneistani (elative plural)
hyperbatoniini (illative singular)
hyperbatoneihini (illative plural)
hyperbatonillani (adessive singular)
hyperbatoneillani (adessive plural)
hyperbatoniltani (ablative singular)
hyperbatoneiltani (ablative plural)
hyperbatonilleni (allative singular)
hyperbatoneilleni (allative plural)
hyperbatoninani (essive singular)
hyperbatoneinani (essive plural)
hyperbatonikseni (singular translative)
hyperbatoneikseni (plural translative)
hyperbatonittani (abessive singular)
hyperbatoneittani (abessive plural)
hyperbatoneineni (comitative plural)
hyperbatonisi (nominative singular)
hyperbatonisi (nominative plural)
hyperbatonisi (accusative nominative singular)
hyperbatonisi (accusative nominative plural)
hyperbatonisi (accusative genitive singular)
hyperbatonisi (accusative genitive plural)
hyperbatonisi (genitive singular)
hyperbatoniesi (genitive plural)
hyperbatoniasi (partitive singular)
hyperbatonejasi (partitive plural)
hyperbatonissasi (inessive singular)
hyperbatoneissasi (inessive plural)
hyperbatonistasi (elative singular)
hyperbatoneistasi (elative plural)
hyperbatoniisi (illative singular)
hyperbatoneihisi (illative plural)
hyperbatonillasi (adessive singular)
hyperbatoneillasi (adessive plural)
hyperbatoniltasi (ablative singular)
hyperbatoneiltasi (ablative plural)
hyperbatonillesi (allative singular)
hyperbatoneillesi (allative plural)
hyperbatoninasi (essive singular)
hyperbatoneinasi (essive plural)
hyperbatoniksesi (singular translative)
hyperbatoneiksesi (plural translative)
hyperbatonittasi (abessive singular)
hyperbatoneittasi (abessive plural)
hyperbatoneinesi (comitative plural)
hyperbatonimme (nominative singular)
hyperbatonimme (nominative plural)
hyperbatonimme (accusative nominative singular)
hyperbatonimme (accusative nominative plural)
hyperbatonimme (accusative genitive singular)
hyperbatonimme (accusative genitive plural)
hyperbatonimme (genitive singular)
hyperbatoniemme (genitive plural)
hyperbatoniamme (partitive singular)
hyperbatonejamme (partitive plural)
hyperbatonissamme (inessive singular)
hyperbatoneissamme (inessive plural)
hyperbatonistamme (elative singular)
hyperbatoneistamme (elative plural)
hyperbatoniimme (illative singular)
hyperbatoneihimme (illative plural)
hyperbatonillamme (adessive singular)
hyperbatoneillamme (adessive plural)
hyperbatoniltamme (ablative singular)
hyperbatoneiltamme (ablative plural)
hyperbatonillemme (allative singular)
hyperbatoneillemme (allative plural)
hyperbatoninamme (essive singular)
hyperbatoneinamme (essive plural)
hyperbatoniksemme (singular translative)
hyperbatoneiksemme (plural translative)
hyperbatonittamme (abessive singular)
hyperbatoneittamme (abessive plural)
hyperbatoneinemme (comitative plural)
hyperbatoninne (nominative singular)
hyperbatoninne (nominative plural)
hyperbatoninne (accusative nominative singular)
hyperbatoninne (accusative nominative plural)
hyperbatoninne (accusative genitive singular)
hyperbatoninne (accusative genitive plural)
hyperbatoninne (genitive singular)
hyperbatonienne (genitive plural)
hyperbatonianne (partitive singular)
hyperbatonejanne (partitive plural)
hyperbatonissanne (inessive singular)
hyperbatoneissanne (inessive plural)
hyperbatonistanne (elative singular)
hyperbatoneistanne (elative plural)
hyperbatoniinne (illative singular)
hyperbatoneihinne (illative plural)
hyperbatonillanne (adessive singular)
hyperbatoneillanne (adessive plural)
hyperbatoniltanne (ablative singular)
hyperbatoneiltanne (ablative plural)
hyperbatonillenne (allative singular)
hyperbatoneillenne (allative plural)
hyperbatoninanne (essive singular)
hyperbatoneinanne (essive plural)
hyperbatoniksenne (singular translative)
hyperbatoneiksenne (plural translative)
hyperbatonittanne (abessive singular)
hyperbatoneittanne (abessive plural)
hyperbatoneinenne (comitative plural)
hyperbatoninsa (nominative singular)
hyperbatoninsa (nominative plural)
hyperbatoninsa (accusative nominative singular)
hyperbatoninsa (accusative nominative plural)
hyperbatoninsa (accusative genitive singular)
hyperbatoninsa (accusative genitive plural)
hyperbatoninsa (genitive singular)
hyperbatoniensa (genitive plural)
hyperbatoniaan (partitive singular)
hyperbatoniansa (partitive singular)
hyperbatonejaan (partitive plural)
hyperbatonejansa (partitive plural)
hyperbatonissaan (inessive singular)
hyperbatonissansa (inessive singular)
hyperbatoneissaan (inessive plural)
hyperbatoneissansa (inessive plural)
hyperbatonistaan (elative singular)
hyperbatonistansa (elative singular)
hyperbatoneistaan (elative plural)
hyperbatoneistansa (elative plural)
hyperbatoniinsa (illative singular)
hyperbatoneihinsa (illative plural)
hyperbatonillaan (adessive singular)
hyperbatonillansa (adessive singular)
hyperbatoneillaan (adessive plural)
hyperbatoneillansa (adessive plural)
hyperbatoniltaan (ablative singular)
hyperbatoniltansa (ablative singular)
hyperbatoneiltaan (ablative plural)
hyperbatoneiltansa (ablative plural)
hyperbatonilleen (allative singular)
hyperbatonillensa (allative singular)
hyperbatoneilleen (allative plural)
hyperbatoneillensa (allative plural)
hyperbatoninaan (essive singular)
hyperbatoninansa (essive singular)
hyperbatoneinaan (essive plural)
hyperbatoneinansa (essive plural)
hyperbatonikseen (singular translative)
hyperbatoniksensa (singular translative)
hyperbatoneikseen (plural translative)
hyperbatoneiksensa (plural translative)
hyperbatonittaan (abessive singular)
hyperbatonittansa (abessive singular)
hyperbatoneittaan (abessive plural)
hyperbatoneittansa (abessive plural)
hyperbatoneineen (comitative plural)
hyperbatoneinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (compare English hyperbaton), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὑπερβατόν (huperbatón).


duple

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Latin duplus (“twofold, double”). Attested since the 16th century. Doublet of double and doppio.

McGonagall is earnestly trying to gather the resources of a metrical tradition, not subvert it, but the mismatch of duple and triple measure in the first line alone means that, while it’s made of recognisable metrical feet, the line doesn’t feel like it belongs to any specific metrical pattern (iambic, dactylic, anapestic etc) or mode (pastoral, elegy or ballad).

2015, Ben Lerner, “Diary”, in London Review of Books, volume 38, number 12:


reiður

head

reiður (comparative reiðari, superlative reiðastur)

reiðari (comparative)
reiðastur (superlative)
reiður (masculine nominative singular)
reið (feminine nominative singular)
reitt (neuter nominative singular)
reiðan (accusative masculine singular)
reiða (accusative feminine singular)
reitt (accusative neuter singular)
reiðum (dative masculine singular)
reiðari (dative feminine singular)
reiðum (dative neuter singular)
reiðs (genitive masculine singular)
reiðar (feminine genitive singular)
reiðs (genitive neuter singular)
reiðir (masculine nominative plural)
reiðar (feminine nominative plural)
reið (neuter nominative plural)
reiðar (accusative masculine plural)
reiðar (accusative feminine plural)
reið (accusative neuter plural)
reiðum (dative masculine plural)
reiðum (dative feminine plural)
reiðum (dative neuter plural)
reiða (genitive masculine plural)
reiða (feminine genitive plural)
reiða (genitive neuter plural)
reiði (masculine nominative singular)
reiða (feminine nominative singular)
reiða (neuter nominative singular)
reiða (accusative masculine singular)
reiðu (accusative feminine singular)
reiða (accusative neuter singular)
reiða (dative masculine singular)
reiðu (dative feminine singular)
reiða (dative neuter singular)
reiða (genitive masculine singular)
reiðu (feminine genitive singular)
reiða (genitive neuter singular)
reiðu (plural)

From Old Norse reiðr, from older vreiðr.


kavya

(poetry) A highly artificial Sanskrit literary style used by Indian court poets in the early centuries AD.


improvisatore

en-noun

improvisatore (plural improvisatores or improvisatori)

improvisatores (plural)
improvisatori (plural)
improvvisatore (alternative)

There were buffoons, there were improvisatori, there were ballet-dancers, there were musicians, there was Beauty, there was wine.

1842, Edgar Allan Poe, The Masque of the Red Death:

(poetry) An individual who recites impromptu verse, as from a song or poem.


gruk

→ English: grook

Contraction of grin (“laugh”) and suk (“sigh”) (from sukke, a side form of suge (“to suck”)).


mác

vi-noun

(classifier cái, cây) mác • (𢨃, 鏌, 鉳, 博)

cái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𢨃 (CJK)
鏌 (CJK)
鉳 (CJK)
博 (CJK)

Attested as mlác in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

(calligraphy) kind of stroke that falls downwards towards the right (㇏)


apologetic apostrophe

en-noun

apologetic apostrophe (plural apologetic apostrophes)

While not all agreements were carried out as planned, what this attempt at consistency achieved in Smith's case was to give his poetry the appearance of a distinctive literary language, related to English, but having its own identity and forms, and without the distraction for the reader of the apologetic apostrophes.

2009, Margery Palmer McCulloch, Scottish Modernism and Its Contexts 1918-1959:

(sociolinguistics, orthography) An apostrophe added to a Scots word in order to give the appearance that it is a contraction of an English word.


рука

uk-noun

рука́ • (ruká) f inan (genitive руки́, nominative plural ру́ки, genitive plural рук, diminutive руча́ or ру́чка)

рука́ (canonical)
ruká (romanization)
руки́ (genitive)
ру́ки (nominative plural)
рук (genitive plural)
руча́ (diminutive)
ру́чка (diminutive)
рука́ (nominative singular)
ру́ки (nominative plural)
руки́ (genitive singular)
рук (genitive plural)
руці́ (dative singular)
рука́м (dative plural)
ру́ку (accusative singular)
ру́ки (accusative plural)
руко́ю (instrumental singular)
рука́ми (instrumental plural)
руці́ (locative singular)
рука́х (locative plural)
ру́ко (singular vocative)
ру́ки (plural vocative)

From Middle Ukrainian рѫка (ruka), from Old East Slavic рѫка (rǫka), from Proto-Slavic *rǫka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ.


Kleinbuchstabe

de-noun

Kleinbuchstabe m (mixed, genitive Kleinbuchstabens or Kleinbuchstaben, plural Kleinbuchstaben)

Kleinbuchstabens (genitive)
Kleinbuchstaben (genitive)
Kleinbuchstaben (plural)
Kleinbuchstabe (nominative singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (definite nominative plural)
Kleinbuchstabens (genitive singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (genitive singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (definite genitive plural)
Kleinbuchstabe (dative singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (dative definite plural)
Kleinbuchstabe (accusative singular)
Kleinbuchstaben (accusative definite plural)

Compound klein (“small”) + Buchstabe (“letter”), from Old High German klein (“small, sharp-witted, fine”) and Old High German buohstab (“letter, writing”).

der

(orthography, typography) minuscule letter, lowercase letter