西

西と言うたら東を悟れ

what is called in the west is realized in the east → necessary to understand the back as well as the front

西と言えば東と言う

if they say West, say East → tell the opposite thing every time

西も東も分からない

cannot tell east from west → cannot be understood at all

犬が西向きゃ尾は東

dog faces west while its tail points east → clearly obvious

Originally a compound of 去に (ini, “going away”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 去(い)ぬ (inu, “to go away”)) + し (shi, “wind; (by extension) direction”, as seen in other ancient-derived words as 嵐 (arashi, “storm”, literally “wild + wind”), 旋風 (tsumuji, “whirlwind”), 東 (higashi, “east”, from older pi muka si, literally “sun + facing + wind/direction”)).
First cited in the Kojiki of 712, with the phonetic spelling 爾斯 (nisi).

西向く侍 → 二四六九士

westward-facing samurai → mnemonic for months with less than 31 days, with 士 standing for 十一

(sumo) lower-ranked wrestlers listed on the left side of a banzuke


水

水 (canonical)
mizu (romanization)
midu (romanization)
みづ (hiragana historical)

⟨mi₁du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Ryukyuan cognates support the existence of the first vowel having an initial mid vowel.
Possibly cognate with 瑞 (mizu, “freshness, youth”).
Possible cognate with Proto-Tungusic *mū, Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), Manchu ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke), Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river; water”), Mongolian мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Korean 물 (mul, “water”).

君子の交わりは淡きこと水の如し

kunshi no majiwari wa awaki koto mizu no gotoshi

(sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara mizu): water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout


dojo

Borrowed from Japanese 道場 (dōjō, literally “place of the ways”). Doublet of dojang.

bor

[ˈdəʊ̯d͡ʒəʊ̯]

/ˈdoʊˌd͡ʒoʊ/

[ˈdoʊ̯ˌd͡ʒoʊ̯]

In this class of truck it’s all about torque, and the Hilux has that in spades. [...] Its traction control stamps the ground with the immovable authority of a sumo wrestler entering the dojo.

2017 September 3, Martin Love, “Toyota Hilux pick-up review: ‘A work horse, not a fashion pony’”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-10-05:

Women [...] considered "impure", are not allowed on the dojo, circular location of the fight considered a sacred place. The inflexibility of the sumo world on this point had caused a scandal last year when women doctors and nurses had come to the dojo to help an elected official feeling uncomfortable during a speech at a tournament. The sumo association had to present "sincere apologies" for asking them to come down as soon as possible.

2019 January 16, “Sumo: Kisenosato, only current yokozuna born in Japan, retires”, in Pakistan Today, Lahore: Arif Nizami, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Most stables are off-limits but Hakkaku's allows paying guests accompanied by a guide to watch a morning training session. Because sumo competitions are held just six times a year, it's a great way for visitors to experience this uniquely Japanese phenomenon. [...] Guests silently shuffle into the small dojo to sit or kneel just feet from where the enormous fighters are practising.

2019 July 27, Declan McVeigh, “Hakkaku stable: How to watch Tokyo’s sumo stars train live”, in The National, Abu Dhabi: International Media Investments, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-07-29:

Novak Djokovic had fought against other sumo players in a dojo before he started Japan Open, but the tennis champion was clearly out of his league. [...] "I had a slight weight deficit but I was very close to moving the guy an inch. They say they eat at least 10.000 calories a day to be strong and big. Don't know if I can match that to be honest", Nole commented on his poor performance in the dojo.

2019 October 2, Claudiu Pop, “Djokovic Tried Sumo Wrestling before Japan Open, but Failed to Impress”, in Tennis World, archived from the original on 2019-10-08:

(sumo) Synonym of dohyo (“the ring in which a sumo wrestling match is held”)


東

→ English: higashi

/ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /ɸiɡaɕi/ → /hiɡaɕi/
Sound shift from hingashi (see Etymology 2 below).
Now the standard word for east.

(sumo) higher-ranked wrestlers listed on the right of a banzuke


星

/posi/ → /ɸoɕi/ → /hoɕi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

(sumo) a round mark indicating a victory or defeat in a bout


木

⟨ki₂⟩ → */kɨ/ → /ki/
From Old Japanese 木 (ki₂), from Proto-Japonic *kəi. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke. For the vowel alternation, see Wiktionary:About Proto-Japonic § Standalone forms and combining forms.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

猿も木から落ちる

even monkeys fall from trees → nobody's perfect

(theater, sumo, etc.) a clapper used to signal the opening or closing of a match or play


褌

→ English: fundoshi

[ɸɯ̟̃ndo̞ɕi]

越中褌

越中褌 えっちゅうふんどし

西洋褌

西洋褌 せいようふんどし

六尺褌

六尺褌 ろくしゃくふんどし

湯文字: a kind of loincloth wrap used while bathing

a similar wrap worn historically by women under a kimono

人の褌で相撲を取る

(sumo) a sumo wrestler's traditional apron


褌

(sumo) a sumo wrestler's belt, a mawashi


鉈

From Old Japanese 鉈 (nata). Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Possibly related to Old Japanese な (na, “blade, edge”).
Possibly cognate with Korean 낫 (nat), Korean 나대 (nadae) of similar meanings as Japanese 鉈 (nata).

(sumo) a technique of bending one's elbow and attacking an opponent's throat or chest with one's forearm (so called for the way the bent-elbow arm shape resembles certain varieties of nata woodworking tools)


閂

ja-noun

閂(かんぬき) • (kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (kwannuki)?)

閂 (canonical)
kannuki (romanization)
kwannuki (romanization)
くわんぬき (hiragana historical)

[kã̠nːɯ̟kʲi]

/kʷan no ki/ → /kʷanːoki/ → /kʷanːuki/ → /kanːuki/
Shift from 貫の木 (kan no ki, literally “1-kan (3.75-kilogram/8.267-pound) wood”) or 関の木 (kan no ki, literally “barrier-wood”), possibly influenced by 貫き (nuki, “wooden beam used in joinery”).

(sumo) a grip in which one wrestler wraps his arms around both of his opponent’s arms and squeezes them together to maneuver the opponent for a kimedashi or kimetaoshi, or to weaken the opponent’s grip on the mawashi; a type of armbar


部屋

Originally a compound of へ (he, “separate”, cognate with the first element in 隔たる (hedataru, “to be apart”)) + 屋 (ya, “roof, house”).
First cited to the late 900s.

compound

cognate with the first element in <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">隔たる</i> (hedataru, “to be apart”)

八角部屋

(sumo) a stable where rikishi live and train together under a shisho oyakata (stable master)


上手

下手

antonym(s) of “downstream, downwind, stage right”

Compound of 上 (uwa, “up, upper”) + 手 (te, “hand”).

(sumo) the upper hand in an overhand hold


stable

From Middle English stable, borrowed from Anglo-Norman stable, singular derived from the plural Latin stab(u)la (“dwellings, stables”).

close the stable door after the horse has been stolen

close the stable door after the horse has bolted

lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen

lock the stable door after the horse has bolted

shut the stable door after the horse has bolted

(sumo) An organization of sumo wrestlers who live and train together.


mawashi

From Japanese 廻し or 回し (mawashi), same meaning.

(sumo) The belt worn by rikishi during training and in competition


isu

(sumo) An individual seat in the loft-like balcony of a sumo arena.


heya

(sumo) the so-called "stable" of rikishi who train under the instruction of a particular shisho; the place where this group lives and trains


kesho-mawashi

Borrowed from Japanese 化粧廻し (“ornamental belt”).

(sumo) A decorative mawashi worn by a sekitori during the ring-entering ceremony.


yokozuna

From Japanese 横綱(よこづな) (yokozuna, “wide rope”), the symbol of their rank worn about the waist.

A yokozuna is the very highest rank in sumo – “just like Mameha's position in Gion,” as Nobu explained it to me. I had no reason to doubt him; but if Mameha ever took half as much time entering a party as these yokozuna took entering the ring, she'd certainly never be invited back.

1997, Arthur Golden, Memoirs of a Geisha, Vintage, page 202:

(sumo) The highest rank of sumo wrestler, above ozeki; grand champion.

What mattered most was that, from the very top of the Nihon Sumo Kyōkai, Yokozuna Akebono had been shown respect.

2006, Mark Panek, Gaijin Yokozuna: A Biography of Chad Rowan, page 265:

(sumo) A person holding the rank, either competing at the rank or retired after having achieved it.


ozeki

Terunofuji is the first in 64 years to be promoted to ozeki after spending two tournaments as a komusubi or sekiwake and the first since the season went to six meets in 1958.

2015 May 27, “Terunofuji promoted to ozeki after victory”, in Japan Times, archived from the original on 2018-05-09:

Former ozeki Hokutenyu, who held sumo’s second-highest rank for 44 tournaments […] died of kidney cancer at a Tokyo hospital on Friday at the age of 45.

2006 June 25, “Former ozeki Hokutenyu dies at 45”, in Japan Times:

(sumo) A sumo wrestler ranking below yokozuna and above sekiwake; champion.


sekiwake

Are there special standards for promotion to sekiwake or komusubi? No. The same standards apply as for promotion within the maegashira ranks.

2018, “Standards for Sumo ranking chart”, in Ozumo.com, archived from the original on 2018-04-17:

Sekiwake Tochinoshin (3-2) picked up a much-needed win against komusubi Chiyotairyu (1-4) after suffering his second loss the previous day.

2018 March 15, “Kakuryu makes most of second opportunity against Takarafuji”, in Japan Times, archived from the original on 2018-04-21:

(sumo) A sumo wrestler ranked below ozeki and above komusubi.


komusubi

(sumo) A sumo wrestler of the lowest sanyaku rank, below sekiwake and above maegashira.


maegashira

(sumo) the highest salaried rank of sumo wrestler, below komusubi and above juryo; the lowest rank in the makuuchi division


juryo

Borrowed from Japanese 十両(じゅうりょう) (jūryō, “ten ryō”), from Middle Chinese 十 (dʒip, “ten”) + 兩 (ljáng, “tael”).

ja-r

十両(じゅうりょう) (jūryō, “ten ryō”)

(sumo) The second highest division in sumo wrestling, below makuuchi and above makushita; rikishi at this point receive a salary.


makuuchi

Japanese 幕内 (maku-uchi まくうち, "inside the curtain"), from Middle Chinese 幕 (mak "curtain", "covering") + Japanese うち (uchi "inside").

(sumo) The highest division of sumo wrestling, above juryo, comprising the yokozuna, ozeki, sekiwake, komusubi and maegashira ranks.


sanyaku

Borrowed from Japanese 三役, literally "three ranks".

(sumo) Any of the three highest ranks of sumo wrestler: komusubi, sekiwake and ozeki, together with the honorary title of yokozuna.


makushita

(sumo) The third highest division of professional sumo wrestling, below juryo; the lowest division at which a salary is paid.


dohyo

(sumo) The ring, made of compacted clay, in which a sumo wrestling match is held.


dohyo-iri

(sumo) a ring-entering ceremony performed by rikishi, in the juryo and higher divisions, upon entering the dohyo


rikishi

From Japanese 力士 (りきし rikishi), from Middle Chinese 力士 (lik-dʐí), from Old Chinese 力士 (*k.rək m-s-rəʔ "man of great strength"), from 力 ("strength") + 士 ("man", "soldier").


dohyo matsuri

(sumo) A Shinto ceremony in which the dohyo is purified and blessed prior to each basho.


honbasho

(sumo) Any of the six official sumo tournaments.


akeni

(sumo) A box used by sekitori to store their personal items.


sekitori

(sumo) A rikishi, of rank juryo and above, who draws a salary.


amasumo

From Japanese アマ相撲 (ama-sumō); ama is a shortening of English amateur.


ani-deshi

(sumo) The senior rikishi in a particular heya.


oyakata

(sumo) retired rikishi who have reached a certain standing; they either become shisho or help train in others' heya


banzuke

(sumo) the document, published six times a year, before each basho, showing the official rankings of all rikishi


jungyo

Borrowed from Japanese 巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō), from Middle Chinese 巡 (zwin, “to make rounds, tour”) + 業 (ngjæp, “work”).

ja-l/helper

巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō)

ja-l

巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō)

der

(sumo) a regional tour, undertaken between honbashos, during which the rikishi give exhibition matches


jun-yusho

(sumo) The second-place position, behind yusho, at the end of a basho; often shared by more than one rikishi.


yusho

From Japanese 優勝 (“victory, championship”).

(sumo) The top-ranking position at the end of a basho; the championship.


bintsuke

(sumo) A wax, derived from soy, used in cosmetics, and to groom the topknot of a sekitori.


chankonabe

Borrowed from Japanese ちゃんこ鍋 (chankonabe).

(sumo) The staple diet of rikishi: a stew of meat, seafood and vegetables.


chikara gami

From Japanese 力紙 (chikara-gami, “strength paper”).

bor

(sumo) Sheets of paper used by rikishi to wipe their lips after the ritual cleansing with chikara mizu.


chikara mizu

From Japanese 力水 (chikara mizu, “strength water”).

(sumo) Water used by rikishi to ritually cleanse the mouth before a match.


daigappei

(sumo) a jungyo tour that features all the rikishi of jonidan rank or higher


jonidan

(sumo) The division of sumo wrestlers above jonokuchi and below sandanme, containing the highest number of rikishi.


jonokuchi

(sumo) A member of the lowest division of sumo wrestlers (below jonidan) to which new recruits are promoted after their first tournament.


sandanme

(sumo) the division of sumo wrestlers above jonidan and below makushita


danpatsushiki

Borrowed from Japanese 断髪式 (danpatsushiki).

(sumo) The ceremony in which the topknot of a retiring rikishi is cut off.


intai-zumo

From Japanese 引退相撲 (intai-zumō, literally “retirement sumo”).

(sumo) A one-day exhibition tournament to commemorate the retirement of a salaried rikishi.


degeiko

(sumo) A practice session between rikishi of competing heya.


deshi

Borrowed from Japanese 弟子 (deshi, “disciple, pupil”).

(sumo) a member of a heya ("stable"); trained by its shisho


eboshi

(sumo) the hat of black lacquer worn by the gyoji presiding over a sumo match


fumidawara

Borrowed from Japanese 踏み俵 (fumidawara, “stepping-bale”).

(sumo) rice bales used at the side of the dohyo at steps


tawara

(sumo) Any of the straw bales, packed with earth, placed in a circle on the dohyo and forming the area that the rikishi must stay inside.


fusa

(sumo) The four knotted tassels hanging from the roof of the dohyo; symbolising the four seasons.


fusen

Borrowed from Japanese 不戦 (fusen, “not fighting, not competing”).

(sumo) A sumo match that is cancelled due to the absence of one of the rikishi.


fusenpai

(sumo) a loss by default for failing to appear, normally because of injury


fusensho

(sumo) a win by default due to the opponent not appearing, normally due to injury


gino-sho

(sumo) a prize for technique; one of the sansho prizes


sansho

(sumo) Any of the three special prizes awarded at the end of a basho.

三賞

special prize awarded at the end of a basho


kanto-sho

(sumo) A special prize for fighting-spirit; one of the sansho prizes.


shukun-sho

(sumo) A special prize for outstanding performance; one of the sansho prizes.


gunbai

From Japanese 軍配 (“war fan”), shortened form of 軍配団扇 (gunbai uchiwa).

(sumo) The lacquered wooden fan used by the gyoji.


hanazumo

From Japanese 花相撲 (hana-zumō, literally “flower sumo”).

(sumo) A special sumo exhibition tournament.


haridashi

(sumo) an extra rikishi at a rank that normally only allows two


heyagashira

(sumo) the rikishi of highest rank in a particular heya


higashi

From Japanese 東 (higashi, “east”), from the way the eastern or right side of the sumo ranking list is considered more prestigious, by analogy with the rising sun as opposed to the setting sun.

(sumo) The (more prestigious) right-hand side of the banzuke.

(sumo) A rikishi listed on the right side of the banzuke.


nishi

From Japanese 西 (nishi, “west”), from the way the western or left side of the sumo ranking list is considered less prestigious, by analogy with the setting sun as opposed to the rising sun.

(sumo) the left-hand (less prestigious) side of the banzuke (番付, “ranking list”)

(sumo) a rikishi (力士, “sumo wrestler”) listed on the left side of the banzuke


hyoshigi

I put the glasses down and found that my heart was beating fast, thumping with an accelerating sound like that of the hyoshigi which I had last heard in that sombre vaporous gallery in the Wallace Collection.

1978, Iris Murdoch, The Sea, The Sea, Vintage, published 1999, page 247:

(sumo) One of the wooden sticks that are clapped by the yobidashi to draw the spectator's attention.


yobidashi

(sumo) Any of the functionaries whose tasks include building the dohyo, making announcements, singing the shikona of each rikishi and advising them of preparation time.


shikona

(sumo) The wrestling name of a rikishi, normally derived from his heya, place of birth etc.


ichidai toshiyori

From Japanese 一代年寄 (ichidai toshiyori, literally “lifelong elder”).

(sumo) the lifelong status of elder conferred on an outstanding yokozuna


ichimon

(sumo) Any of the five groups that most heya belong to.

一門

any of the five groups that most heya belong to


ichomage

(sumo) Alternative spelling of oichomage


oichomage

From Japanese 大銀杏髷 (oo-ichō-mage, literally “gingko topknot”).

(sumo) The elaborate hairstyle, resembling a gingko leaf, worn by sekitori during bouts and on ceremonial occasions.


juryo-kaku

(sumo) the rank of gyoji who officiates a bout involving a rikishi from the juryo division


kachi-koshi

(sumo) a majority of wins in an honbasho; reflects positively on the rikishi's ranking


make-koshi

(sumo) a majority of losses in a honbasho; reflects negatively on the rikishi's ranking


kanjin-sumo

From Japanese 勧進相撲 (kanjin-zumō), with zumō changed to its usual English form sumo.

(sumo) The historic form of sumo that developed into the modern sport.


kensho

(sumo) Prize money given to encourage rikishi by sponsors.


kinboshi

Borrowed from Japanese 金星 (kinboshi, “gold star”).

(sumo) An honour awarded to a rikishi of maegashira rank upon beating a yokozuna.


kinjite

Borrowed from Japanese 禁じ手 (kinjite), from 禁じる (kinjiru, “to forbid”) + 手 (te, “hand”).


kimarite

(sumo) any of the 82 techniques that may be used to win a match


kimarite-gakari

(sumo) The official who announces the winner of the torikumi and the kimarite used.


torikumi-hyo

From Japanese 取組表 (torikumi-hyō, literally “bout table”).

(sumo) The programme of bouts in a day at a tournament.


koen-kai

(sumo) a sumo fan club, either for a heya or for a particular rikishi; a useful source of money


ozumo

Borrowed from Japanese 大相撲 (grand sumo).


maezumo

Borrowed from Japanese 前相撲, literally "before sumo".

(sumo) The unofficial rank of beginners etc.


makuuchi dohyo-iri

From Japanese 幕内土俵入り (makuuchi dohyō-iri, literally “makuuchi ring-entering”).

(sumo) A group ring-entering ceremony performed by all members of the makuuchi division, except the yokozuna, after the juryo bouts.


makuuchi-kaku

(sumo) The gyoji who referees bouts involving a rikishi from the makuuchi division.


masu-seki

(sumo) The expensive seats, holding four people, on the ground floor of the arena.


matawari

(sumo) A form of exercise in which a rikishi sits on the ground with his legs wide apart, then lowers his torso to touch the ground between his legs.


matta

(sumo) The false start of a bout due to mutual misunderstanding.


mizuhiki-maku

(sumo) The curtain that hangs from the yakata, symbolizing the movement of clouds and the passing of time.


mono-ii

From Japanese 物言い (mono-ii, literally “talk of things”).

(sumo) a conference among the shimpan to reconsider a referee's decision


shimpan

From Japanese 審判 (shinpan, しんぱん), from Middle Chinese 審判 (ʃim-pʰàn "to judge", "to try") (compare Mandarin shěnpàn 审判).

(sumo) the four judges, sitting at each cardinal point


shiranui-gata

Borrowed from Japanese 不知火型 (shiranuigata).

(sumo) The less common ring-entering ceremony performed by yokozuna, consisting only of offensive moves.


unryu-gata

(sumo) The normal ring-entering ceremony performed by yokozuna, consisting of both offensive and defensive moves.


myoseki

(sumo) Any of the 105 names available to sumo oyakata.

名跡

any of the 105 names available to sumo oyakata


nage-waza

(sumo) Any of the 12 throwing techniques.


sashichigai

(sumo) a decision by the shimpan to overturn the decision of the gyoji


seigen jikan

(sumo) The time allocated for the shikiri rituals before the beginning of each bout.


senshuraku

Borrowed from Japanese 千秋楽 (senshūraku, literally “music of a thousand autumns”).

(sumo) The last day of a fifteen-day tournament, always on a Sunday.


shihon-bashira

From Japanese 四本柱 (shi-hon-bashira, literally “four pillars”).

(sumo) The four pillars that support the tsuriyane over the sumo ring; in modern practice removed for better television coverage.


shikiri

(sumo) the preparation time before a sumo bout during which the rikishi try to gain a psychological advantage by intense staring (niramiai) and when salt is ceremonially thrown (kiyome-jio)


shikiri-sen

Borrowed from Japanese 仕切り線 (shikiri-sen).

(sumo) The two enamel lines, embedded in the dohyo, behind which the rikishi crouch in preparation for the tachiai.


tachiai

(sumo) the initial charge towards each other by the rikishi at the start of a sumo bout


buchikamashi

Borrowed from Japanese ぶちかまし (buchikamashi).

(sumo) The heavy collision of the two rikishi during the tachiai at the start of a sumo bout.


shiko

(sumo) One of the basic sumo exercises, in which the rikishi raises a leg high in the air to the side, then brings it down with a stamp. It is also performed on the dohyo to drive away bad spirits.


shimekomi

Borrowed from Japanese 締め込み (shimekomi).

(sumo) The silk mawashi worn by sekitori for competition.


shindeshi

(sumo) a young rikishi recruit, not yet professional


shini-tai

(sumo) A rikishi who is crushed by his opponent when both fall simultaneously.


shokkiri

(sumo) A comical display of fouls etc performed by deshi during tours.


shozoku

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-shozoku.wav

(sumo) The garment worn by the gyoji, derived from court dress.


shusse hiro

(sumo) The ceremonial introduction of new rikishi at a tournament.


suna-kaburi

From Japanese 砂被り (suna-kaburi, literally “covered by sand”).

(sumo) The six rows of single seats closest to the dohyo.


tachimochi

From Japanese 太刀持ち (tachimochi, “sword bearer”).

(sumo) A rikishi who participates in the dohyo-iri ceremony of a yokozuna by carrying a sword behind him.


tachi-seki

From Japanese 立ち席 (tachi-seki, literally “standing seat”).

(sumo) tickets to stand at the back of the arena.


taiko

Borrowed from Japanese 太鼓 (たいこ taiko), from 太 (tʰàj, “great”) + 鼓 (kú, “drum”).

(sumo) A traditional drum, beaten by yobidashi to announce the beginning of a tournament, and at the end of each day


tategyoji

Borrowed from Japanese 立行司 (tate-gyōji).

(sumo) Either of the two highest-ranked gyoji who referee matches involving a yokozuna.


teppo

(sumo) a wooden pillar that is slapped repeatedly by a rikishi as a sumo wrestling exercise.


teuchi-shiki

From Japanese 手打ち式 (teuchi-shiki, literally “clapping ceremony”).

(sumo) A welcoming ceremony to new rikishi.


tokei-gakari

From Japanese 時計係 (tokei-gakari, literally “one who is responsible for the clock”).

(sumo) The shimpan who acts as timekeeper.


tokoyama

(sumo) A hairdresser who makes the rikishi's topknot; they have their own ranks.


toku-dawara

Borrowed from Japanese 徳俵 (tokudawara, “special rice bale”).

In fact, the sumo ring is not exactly round. Instead, the ring is broadened at four points by the width of a small rice bag (see fig. 1). These four rice bags placed at the cardinal points of the ring are called toku-dawara (lucky straw bags).

Just outside the circle the cardinal directions are marked by four tokudawara. It is only on these that the contestant can step outside the ring and not be deemed to have lost.

2000, Tony Allan, Realm of the Rising Sun: Japanese Myth, page 51:

(sumo) Small enlargements at the cardinal points of the dohyo; originally the entry and exit points.


torinaoshi

(sumo) a rematch; ordered by the judges if unable to determine a winner


toshiyori-kabu

(sumo) One of the 105 licenses to coach, and the associated name of an elder.


tsukebito

(sumo) An attendant of a higher-ranked rikishi or gyoji.


tsuki-oshi

(sumo) a style of fighting involving only thrusts or pushes


tsuna

Borrowed from Japanese 綱 (つな, tsuna, “rope”).

(sumo) the wide ceremonial belt, with hanging zigzag ribbons, worn by a yokozuna


tsunauchi

(sumo) the ceremony in which a yokozuna's tsuna belt is made and presented


tsuyuharai

Borrowed from Japanese 露払い, literally "dew sweeper".

(sumo) a heralding attendant who walks in front of a yokozuna at his dohyo-iri ceremony


yagura

Borrowed from Japanese 櫓 (“tower, turret, keep, scaffold”).

(sumo) A high wooden tower in front of a sumo arena from which a yobidashi beats the taiko drum each day before and after each tournament.


yakata

(sumo) The structure, suspended over the sumo dohyo, that resembles the roof of a Shinto shrine.


yotsu-zumo

(sumo) A style of sumo centred on gripping the mawashi.


yumitori-shiki

(sumo) The bow-twirling ceremony that closes each day of a tournament.


zensho yusho

Borrowed from Japanese 全勝優勝 (zenshō yūshō).

(sumo) the act of winning a tournament and not losing a single bout


zenpai

Borrowed from Japanese 全敗 (zenpai, “utter defeat”).

(sumo) the act of losing every bout in a tournament


isamiashi

Borrowed from Japanese 勇み足, literally "forward step out".

(sumo) a situation in which an attacking rikishi accidentally steps too far forward and out of the ring, his opponent thus winning


fumidashi

From Japanese 踏み出し (fumidashi, literally “stepping out”).

(sumo) A situation in which a defending rikishi accidentally steps too far back and out of the ring, his opponent thus winning. A rear step out.


koshikudake

Borrowed from Japanese 腰砕け, literally "inadvertent collapse".

(sumo) A situation in which a rikishi accidentally falls over, his opponent thus winning.


okuriashi

Borrowed from Japanese 送足, literally "step out".

(sumo) A situation in which a rikishi accidentally steps out of ring whilst carrying his opponent out, his opponent thus winning.


tsukihiza

Borrowed from Japanese 突き膝 (つきひざ, tsukihiza), literally meaning “push-down knee”.

(sumo) a situation in which a rikishi accidentally touches the dohyo with his knee, his opponent thus winning


tsukite

Borrowed from Japanese つき手, meaning "hand touch down".

(sumo) The situation in which a rikishi accidentally touches the dohyo with his hand, his opponent thus winning.


abisetaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 浴びせ倒し (“backward force down”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker forces his opponent over backwards by throwing his weight into him from a grappling position.


amiuchi

Borrowed from Japanese 網打ち, literally fisherman's throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker throws his opponent behind him by pulling his arm with both hands and twisting backwards; resembles casting a fishing net.


ashitori

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker takes his opponent down by grabbing and lifting his leg with both hands


chongake

Borrowed from Japanese ちょん掛け, literally "pulling heel hook".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker hooks his heel behind that of his opponent from the inside, pulls the leg towards him, grabs the opponent's arm on the same side and twists him sideways and backwards.


gasshohineri

Borrowed from Japanese 合掌捻り, literally "clasped hand twist down".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker clasps his hands behind the opponent's back and twists him down and over


harimanage

From Japanese 波離間投げ (“backward belt throw”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker, at the edge of the dohyo, reaches over his opponent's shoulder, grabs his mawashi from behind, then pulls and twists him past his own body.


hatakikomi

Borrowed from Japanese 叩き込み, literally "slap down".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker dodges his opponent at the tachiai and slaps his opponent's shoulder, back or arm, forcing him to touch the dohyo


hikiotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 引き落とし, literally hand pull down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker pulls on his opponent's arm, shoulder or mawashi while backing away.


hikkake

Borrowed from Japanese 引っ掛け, literally arm-grabbing force out.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grabs his opponent's arm with both hands and pulls him past him while moving backwards and to the side.


izori

From Japanese 居反り, literally backwards body drop.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker dives under his opponent's charge, grabs his knees or his mawashi, and lifts him up and over backwards.


kainahineri

Borrowed from Japanese 腕捻り, literally "two-handed arm twist down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker locks one of his opponent's arms with both arms, then twists him down.


kakenage

Borrowed from Japanese 掛け投げ, literally hooking inner thigh throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker hooks one leg under those of his opponent, raises the hooked leg up and back forcing the opponent up and over.


kakezori

Borrowed from Japanese 掛け反り, literally "hooking backwards body drop".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker, with his head under one of his opponent's arms, takes an inside grip on the opponent's mawashi and twists him over a leg while driving his head into the opponent's side to force him over backwards.


katasukashi

Borrowed from Japanese 肩透かし, meaning under-shoulder swing down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker forces his opponent down by placing his hands on the opponent's shoulder blade (one inside and one outside) and pulling him down and forward while backing away.


kawazugake

Borrowed from Japanese 河津掛け, literally hooking backward counter throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker hooks his opponent's leg from the inside, pulls it forward and across his own body, taking him over backwards.


kekaeshi

Borrowed from Japanese 蹴返し, literally "minor inner foot sweep".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker sweeps his opponent's leg from under him by kicking it from the inside; often accompanied by a slap on the back.


ketaguri

Borrowed from Japanese 蹴手繰り, literally pulling inside ankle sweep.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker leaps aside at the tachiai and sweeps his opponent's front leg from the inside while slapping the shoulder or pulling the arm.


kimedashi

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker bars or locks the opponent's arms by wrapping his own arms round them from the outside, then grabs one of the wrists and pulls up and in and then swings or marches his opponent backwards and out. An arm-barring force-out.


kimetaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 極め倒し, literally "arm barring force down".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker bars or locks his opponent's arms from the outside then forces him down by throwing his weight on top of him


kirikaeshi

Borrowed from Japanese 切り返し, literally "twisting backward knee trip".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker puts his knee behind his opponent's leg then twists him backwards over the knee.


komatasukui

Borrowed from Japanese 小股掬い, meaning "over thigh scooping body drop".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker attempts to throw his opponent and, when the opponent steps forward to defend himself, the attacker grabs his leg, near the thigh, and pulls upward driving the opponent over backwards.


koshinage

Borrowed from Japanese 腰投げ, literally "hip throw".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker turns his opponent while pulling him onto his hips then straightens his knees and throws him over and onto his back


kotehineri

Borrowed from Japanese 小手捻り, literally armlocking twist down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker locks his opponents arm at the biceps then twists him around and down.


kotenage

Borrowed from Japanese 小手投げ, literally armlock throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker wraps his arm around that of his opponent and, when it is locked near the elbow, turning away from him.


kubihineri

Borrowed from Japanese 首捻り, literally head twisting throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker wraps one hand around his opponent's neck and grips his arm with the other; he then forces his opponent down by twisting his neck.


kubinage

Borrowed from Japanese 首投げ (“neck throw”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker wraps one arm around his opponent's neck then turns and throws him.


makiotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 巻き落とし, meaning "twist down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker throws his opponent by twisting him towards his own inside hand.


mitokorozeme

From Japanese 三所攻め (mi-tokoro-zeme, literally “attacking three places”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker attempts an inside leg trip with one leg, tries to pull the other out from under him, and drives his head into the opponent's stomach so as to force him out backwards. A triple attack force out.


nichonage

Borrowed from Japanese 二丁投げ, literally "body drop throw".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker places a leg in front of his opponent's leg, at the knee, then sweeps back with his leg and pulls the opponent forward over the leg.


nimaigeri

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker kicks away the opponent's ankle while throwing or twisting him onto his side.


okuridashi

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker drives his opponent out from behind.


okurigake

From Japanese 送り掛け, meaning "rear leg trip".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker hooks his legs behind one of his opponent's and pulls it towards himself from behind, toppling his opponent forward.


okurihikiotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 送り引き落とし, meaning "rear pull down".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker circles behind his opponent and pulls him down while backing away


okurinage

Borrowed from Japanese 送り投げ, literally "rear throw down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker circles behind his opponent and throws him forward or to the side and down.


okuritaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 送り倒し, literally "rear push down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker forces his opponent down from behind.


okuritsuridashi

Borrowed from Japanese 送り吊り出し, literally rear lift out.

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker circles behind his opponent, lifts him up and carries him out of the ring


okuritsuriotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 送り吊り落とし, meaning "rear lifting body slam".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker circles behind his opponent then lifts him up and slams him down.


omata

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grabs his opponent's leg from the inside and lifts it up and backwards, driving his body into that of the defender, forcing him over onto his back. A thigh scooping body drop.


osakate

Borrowed from Japanese 大逆手, literally backward twisting overarm throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker, grappling near the edge, bends backwards and swings his opponent around and out.


oshidashi

Borrowed from Japanese 押し出し, literally "frontal push out".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker pushes his opponent out of the ring, maintaining hand contact at all times


oshitaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 押し倒し, meaning frontal push down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker pushed his opponent backwards and over.


sakatottari

Borrowed from Japanese 逆とったり, literally arm bar throw counter.

(sumo) A kimarite, counter to a tottari, in which the attacker frees the arm being barred and forces his opponent to fall forward.


shitatedashinage

Borrowed from Japanese 下手出し投げ, literally pulling underarm throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker turns away from his opponent and pulls him forward and down.


shitatehineri

Borrowed from Japanese 下手捻り, literally twisting underarm throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker twists his opponent down with an inside grip.


shitatenage

Borrowed from Japanese 下手投げ, literally underarm throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker pulls his opponent straight down with his inside arm as he twists away.


shumokuzori

Borrowed from Japanese 撞木反り, literally "bell hammer backwards body drop".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker ducks under his opponent's arm and lifts him up and takes him over backwards.


sokubiotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 素首落とし, literally head chop down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker chops down on his opponent's neck, forcing him to touch down.


sotogake

Borrowed from Japanese 外掛け, literally "outside leg trip".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker pulls his opponent towards him, hooks his leg, and drives him over backwards.


sotokomata

Borrowed from Japanese 外小股, literally "over thigh scooping body drop".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker grabs his opponent's leading leg, over the top of the thigh, and drives him over backwards


sotomuso

Borrowed from Japanese 外無双, literally “outside nothing pair”, but meaning "outer thigh propping twist down".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker reaches over his opponent's body to block his leg and, at the same time, locking his gripping arm and twisting him over onto his back


sototasukizori

Borrowed from Japanese 外たすき反り, literally outer reverse backwards body drop.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker bars his opponent's inside gripping arm, grabs his closest leg and pulls it up and forces him to touch down.


sukuinage

Borrowed from Japanese 掬い投げ, literally "scooping throw" but conventionally translated as "beltless arm throw".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker releases his gripping hand, extends his arm across his opponent's back, turns away and pulls him forward and down


susoharai

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker sweeps his opponent's leg forward and pulls him backwards and down.


susotori

Borrowed from Japanese 裾取り, literally ankle pick.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grabs his opponent's ankle and pulls it up, driving him over backwards.


tasukizori

From Japanese たすき反り (“reverse backwards body drop”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker ducks under his opponent's arm, grabs his arm and back leg and leans backwards, driving him over.


tokkurinage

Borrowed from Japanese 徳利投げ, "two-handed head twist down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grabs his opponent's head or neck with both hands and twists him over.


tottari

Borrowed from Japanese とったり, literally "arm bar throw".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grabs his opponent's arm at the wrist, bars it, and forces him down.


tsukaminage

Borrowed from Japanese つかみ投げ (tsukaminage), literally "lifting throw".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker pulls his opponent past him and heaves him into the air.


tsukidashi

Borrowed from Japanese 突き出し, literally frontal thrust out.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker drives his opponent backwards and out using a rhythmic thrusting motion.


tsukiotoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 突き落とし, literally "thrust down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker drives his opponent down using a thrusting movement on his rib cage or shoulder.


tsukitaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 突き倒し, literally "frontal thrust down".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker, after a heated slapping exchange, thrusts his opponent over onto his back or side.


tsumatori

Borrowed from Japanese 褄取り, literally "rear toe pick".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker reaches down and picks up his opponent's foot (at the toes) and pulls back and up forcing him to fall forward


tsuridashi

Borrowed from Japanese 吊り出し (tsuridashi).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grips his opponent's mawashi and heaves him into the air, lifting him over and out of the ring.


tsuriotoshi

From Japanese 吊り落とし (tsuriotoshi, literally “hanging and dropping”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grips his opponent's mawashi, lifts him, and swings him sideways and down. A lifting bodyslam.


tsutaezori

From Japanese 伝え反り (tsutaezori), literally underarm forward body drop.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker dives under his opponent's arm whilst maintaining a grip on it, then leans back, forcing him to fall forward.


uchigake

From Japanese 内掛け (uchigake, “inside leg trip”).

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker pulls his opponent forward, hooks his opponent's leg with his own, and pulls him over backwards.


uchimuso

Borrowed from Japanese 内無双, literally inner thigh propping twist down.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker sweeps one of his opponent's legs up by hitting his inner thigh, then pulling him with the other hand.


ushiromotare

Borrowed from Japanese 後ろもたれ, literally backward lean out.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker leans into his opponent from behind, forcing him back and out.


utchari

Borrowed from Japanese うっちゃり, literally "backward pivot throw".

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker, in a last ditch effort, drops his hips while twisting and pulling his opponent up and past him, sometimes onto his back


uwatedashinage

Borrowed from Japanese 上手出し投げ, literally "pulling overarm throw".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker pulls his opponent forward and down.


uwatehineri

Borrowed from Japanese 上手捻り, literally "twisting overarm throw".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker twists his opponent in the direction of his outside arm.


uwatenage

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker heaves his opponent down as he turns away


waridashi

Borrowed from Japanese 割り出し, literally "upper-arm force out".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker grabs his opponent's arm at the biceps and pushes him back and out.


watashikomi

Borrowed from Japanese 渡し込み (watashikomi, “thigh-grabbing push down”).

Akinoshima chases "Yankee Doodle Dandy" around the dohyo, until he finally wins by watashikomi (thigh grabbing push down).

1999 March 22, Ken Crouch, “Day 9 spoiler - Kintaro's Musings Group”, in rec.sport.sumo (Usenet):

Kyokushuzan deployed several rare techniques such as watashi-komi, which he used in September of 1996.

2013, J Sargeant, Wild Men, Bad Boys and Model Citiizens:

Thigh-Grabbing Push Down (Watashikomi)

2016, Andrew Zerling, Sumo for Mixed Martial Arts: Winning Clinches, Takedowns, & Tactics, →ISBN:

Ozeki Terunofuji (4-2) outlasted top-ranked maegashira Tochiozan (0-6), while New Year champion Kotoshogiku saw off sekiwake Okinoumi (1-5) with a watashikomi thigh-grabbing pushdown to level his mark at 3-3.

2016 November 18, “Goeido, Hakuho fall; Kakuryu still unbeaten”, in The Japan Times:

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker, while driving his opponent forward, grabs his leg and pulls it, forcing him over.


yaguranage

Borrowed from Japanese 櫓投げ, meaning inner thigh throw.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker pulls his opponent towards him, places his knee against his opponent's inner thigh and drives the leg upwards while forcing him over.


yobimodoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 呼び戻し, literally pulling body slam.

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker first pulls his opponent forward, then suddenly releases his grip and pushes him back and down.


yorikiri

From Japanese 寄り切り (yorikiri, “frontal force out”).

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker drives his opponent out backwards while maintaining a constant grip on his mawashi.


yoritaoshi

Borrowed from Japanese 寄り倒し, literally "frontal crush out".

(sumo) A kimarite in which, during a yorikiri attack, the opponent collapses to the floor.


zubuneri

Borrowed from Japanese ずぶねり, meaning "head pivot throw".

(sumo) A kimarite in which the attacker buries his head in the opponent's chest, locks his arm, and spins him down using the head as fulcrum.


金星

Compound of 金 (kin, “gold”) + 星 (hoshi, “star”). The hoshi changes to boshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

銀星: a win by a rikishi of the lower maegashira rank over an ōzeki

(sumo) a win by a rikishi of the lower maegashira rank over a yokozuna

(sumo) a gold star mark displayed on the name and ranking board at a sumo competition indicating such a win


変化

変化 (canonical)
henka (romanization)
fenkwa (romanization)
へんくわ (hiragana historical)

変 (hen, “to change”) + 化 (ka, “to change into”)

compound

(sumo) a step to one side during the tachiai, the initial charge at the start of a sumo match; a sidestep


土俵

土俵 (canonical)
dohyō (romanization)
dofeu (romanization)
どへう (hiragana historical)


行司

行司 (canonical)
gyōji (romanization)
gyauzi (romanization)
ぎやうじ (hiragana historical)

→ English: gyoji

/ɡyauzi/ → /ɡjoːʑi/
From Middle Chinese 行司 (MC hang si). For the sumo referee term, attested in the Muromachi period as 行(ぎょう)事(じ) (“event”); this kanji compound is likely the modern notation.


場所

→ Chinese: 場所 /场所 (chǎngsuǒ)

→ Korean: 장소 (jangso)

→ Palauan: basio


虫眼鏡

虫眼鏡 (canonical)
mushi megane (romanization)

Compound of 虫 (mushi, “bug, insect”) + 眼鏡 (megane, “eyeglass[es]”).

com

(slang, sumo) the lowest rank in major-league sumo, so called because the 力士 (rikishi, “sumo wrestler”) names are displayed at the bottom of the 番付 (banzuke, “sumo rankings list or program”) in a small font, requiring the use of a magnifying glass to read easily


浴びせる

ja-verb

浴(あ)びせる • (abiseru) transitive ichidan (stem 浴(あ)びせ (abise), past 浴(あ)びせた (abiseta))

浴びせる (canonical)
abiseru (romanization)
浴びせ (stem)
浴びせた (past)
浴びせ
あびせ
abise
浴びせる
あびせる
abiseru
浴びせれ
あびせれ
abisere
浴びせよ (imperative literary)
浴びせろ (colloquial imperative)
あびせよ (imperative literary)
あびせろ (colloquial imperative)
abiseyo (imperative literary)
abisero (colloquial imperative)
浴びせられる (passive)
あびせられる (passive)
abiserareru (passive)
浴びせさせる (causative)
浴びせさす (causative)
あびせさせる (causative)
あびせさす (causative)
abisesaseru (causative)
abisesasu (causative)
浴びせられる (potential)
浴びせれる (colloquial potential)
あびせられる (potential)
あびせれる (colloquial potential)
abiserareru (potential)
abisereru (colloquial potential)
浴びせよう (volitional)
あびせよう (volitional)
abiseyō (volitional)
浴びせない (negative)
浴びせぬ (negative)
浴びせん (negative)
あびせない (negative)
あびせぬ (negative)
あびせん (negative)
abisenai (negative)
abisenu (negative)
abisen (negative)
浴びせず (continuative negative)
あびせず (continuative negative)
abisezu (continuative negative)
浴びせます (formal)
あびせます (formal)
abisemasu (formal)
浴びせた (perfective)
あびせた (perfective)
abiseta (perfective)
浴びせて (conjunctive)
あびせて (conjunctive)
abisete (conjunctive)
浴びせれば (conditional hypothetical)
あびせれば (conditional hypothetical)
abisereba (conditional hypothetical)

/abusu/ → /abusuru/ → /abisuru/ → /abiseru/
From classical verb 浴びす (abisu), itself from older 浴ぶす (abusu), ultimately from Old Japanese 浴むす (amusu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

(sumo) to put one’s body onto (an opponent)


叩き込み

叩き込み (canonical)
hatakikomi (romanization)

The nominalized form of the verb 叩(はた)き込(こ)む (hatakikomu). The verb is a compound of two other verbs: 叩(はた)く (hataku) and 込(こ)む (komu).

朝野新聞, January 6, 1892: 大相撲 … 外の海（ハタキコミ）鬼ケ谷

(sumo) A winning technique in which dodges an opponent and one slaps their shoulder, neck, or back forcing them to fall forward.


横綱

(sumo) yokozuna (the highest rank in sumo-wrestling or a person holding the title)


下手

Compound of 下 (shita, “down; under; lower”) + 手 (te, “hand”).
Occasionally encountered with rendaku (連濁), where the -te ending changes to -de.

compound

(sumo) an underhand or lower hand hold, in which the wrestler's hand or arm is underneath or on the inside of the opponent's hand or arm


sonkyo

From Japanese 蹲踞 (sonkyo), from Middle Chinese 蹲踞 (MC dzwon kjoH).

(sumo) The calm, straight-backed squat, following the shiko exercises, in mental preparation for the tachiai


入幕

(sumo) promotion to makuuchi, i.e. from jūryō to maegashira


入幕

入幕する (canonical)
nyūmaku suru (romanization)
入幕し (stem)
入幕した (past)


踏み切る

ja-verb

踏(ふ)み切(き)る • (fumikiru) transitive godan (stem 踏(ふ)み切(き)り (fumikiri), past 踏(ふ)み切(き)った (fumikitta))

踏み切る (canonical)
fumikiru (romanization)
踏み切り (stem)
踏み切った (past)
踏み切ら
ふみきら
fumikira
踏み切り
ふみきり
fumikiri
踏み切る
ふみきる
fumikiru
踏み切れ
ふみきれ
fumikire
踏み切られる (passive)
ふみきられる (passive)
fumikirareru (passive)
踏み切らせる (causative)
踏み切らす (causative)
ふみきらせる (causative)
ふみきらす (causative)
fumikiraseru (causative)
fumikirasu (causative)
踏み切れる (potential)
ふみきれる (potential)
fumikireru (potential)
踏み切ろう (volitional)
ふみきろう (volitional)
fumikirō (volitional)
踏み切らない (negative)
ふみきらない (negative)
fumikiranai (negative)
踏み切らず (continuative negative)
ふみきらず (continuative negative)
fumikirazu (continuative negative)
踏み切ります (formal)
ふみきります (formal)
fumikirimasu (formal)
踏み切った (perfective)
ふみきった (perfective)
fumikitta (perfective)
踏み切って (conjunctive)
ふみきって (conjunctive)
fumikitte (conjunctive)
踏み切れば (conditional hypothetical)
ふみきれば (conditional hypothetical)
fumikireba (conditional hypothetical)

From 踏む (fumu, "step on," "tread on," "stamp") + 切る (kiru, "perform an action boldly").


仕切る

仕(し)切(き)る • (shikiru) transitive godan (stem 仕(し)切(き)り (shikiri), past 仕(し)切(き)った (shikitta))

仕切る (canonical)
shikiru (romanization)
仕切り (stem)
仕切った (past)
仕切ら
しきら
shikira
仕切り
しきり
shikiri
仕切る
しきる
shikiru
仕切れ
しきれ
shikire
仕切られる (passive)
しきられる (passive)
shikirareru (passive)
仕切らせる (causative)
仕切らす (causative)
しきらせる (causative)
しきらす (causative)
shikiraseru (causative)
shikirasu (causative)
仕切れる (potential)
しきれる (potential)
shikireru (potential)
仕切ろう (volitional)
しきろう (volitional)
shikirō (volitional)
仕切らない (negative)
しきらない (negative)
shikiranai (negative)
仕切らず (continuative negative)
しきらず (continuative negative)
shikirazu (continuative negative)
仕切ります (formal)
しきります (formal)
shikirimasu (formal)
仕切った (perfective)
しきった (perfective)
shikitta (perfective)
仕切って (conjunctive)
しきって (conjunctive)
shikitte (conjunctive)
仕切れば (conditional hypothetical)
しきれば (conditional hypothetical)
shikireba (conditional hypothetical)

From 仕(し) (shi, “do”) + 切(き)る (kiru, “cut off by a partition”).


正面

ja-noun

正(しょう)面(めん) • (shōmen) ^(←しやうめん (syaumen)?)

正面 (canonical)
shōmen (romanization)
syaumen (romanization)
しやうめん (hiragana historical)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 正面 (MC tsyeng|tsyengH mjienH).
First attested in the early 1200s.

裏正面

the [[south]] side of the [[土俵場#Japanese|土俵場]] (dohyōba, “the raised square wrestling ring”)

(sumo) the north side of the 土俵場 (dohyōba, “the raised square wrestling ring”)


呼び出し

呼び出し (canonical)
yobidashi (romanization)

Compound of 呼び (yobi, “calling”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 呼ぶ (yobu, “to call”)) + 出し (dashi, “out”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 出す (dasu, “to let or bring out”)). Literally, “calling [something] out”.

compound

(sumo) a ring attendant at a sumo match who announces competitors’ names and tends the dohyo between bouts


変わり身

ja-noun

変(か)わり身(み) • (kawarimi) ^(←かはりみ (kafarimi)?)

変わり身 (canonical)
kawarimi (romanization)
kafarimi (romanization)
かはりみ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 変わり (kawari, “change, changing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 変わる (kawaru, “to change”, intransitive)) + 身 (mi, “body”).
First cited in 1957.

compound

(sumo, martial arts) a quick shift of position


年寄り

年寄り (canonical)
toshiyori (romanization)


大関

ja-noun

大(おお)関(ぜき) • (ōzeki) ^(←おほぜき (ofozeki)?)

大関 (canonical)
ōzeki (romanization)
ofozeki (romanization)
おほぜき (hiragana historical)

(sumo) ozeki, literally 'great barrier', the second-highest rank in sumo-wrestling, above sekiwake and below yokozuna


関脇

(sumo) sekiwake, lit.: 'next to the barrier'; denoting either the third-highest rank in sumo-wrestling or a person holding it


軍配が上がる

ja-verb

軍(ぐん)配(ばい)が上(あ)がる • (gunbai ga agaru) godan (stem 軍(ぐん)配(ばい)が上(あ)がり (gunbai ga agari), past 軍(ぐん)配(ばい)が上(あ)がった (gunbai ga agatta))

軍配が上がる (canonical)
gunbai ga agaru (romanization)
軍配が上がり (stem)
軍配が上がった (past)

[ɡɯ̟̃mba̠i ɡa̠ a̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟]

(sumo) be declared the winner of a sumo bout, indicated by the referee raising his fan


勝ち越し

勝ち越し (canonical)
kachikoshi (romanization)


送り出す

送(おく)り出(だ)す • (okuridasu) transitive godan (stem 送(おく)り出(だ)し (okuridashi), past 送(おく)り出(だ)した (okuridashita))

送り出す (canonical)
okuridasu (romanization)
送り出し (stem)
送り出した (past)
送り出さ
おくりださ
okuridasa
送り出し
おくりだし
okuridashi
送り出す
おくりだす
okuridasu
送り出せ
おくりだせ
okuridase
送り出される (passive)
おくりだされる (passive)
okuridasareru (passive)
送り出させる (causative)
送り出さす (causative)
おくりださせる (causative)
おくりださす (causative)
okuridasaseru (causative)
okuridasasu (causative)
送り出せる (potential)
おくりだせる (potential)
okuridaseru (potential)
送り出そう (volitional)
おくりだそう (volitional)
okuridasō (volitional)
送り出さない (negative)
おくりださない (negative)
okuridasanai (negative)
送り出さず (continuative negative)
おくりださず (continuative negative)
okuridasazu (continuative negative)
送り出します (formal)
おくりだします (formal)
okuridashimasu (formal)
送り出した (perfective)
おくりだした (perfective)
okuridashita (perfective)
送り出して (conjunctive)
おくりだして (conjunctive)
okuridashite (conjunctive)
送り出せば (conditional hypothetical)
おくりだせば (conditional hypothetical)
okuridaseba (conditional hypothetical)

(sumo) drive out the opponent from behind


寄る

寄(よ)る • (yoru) intransitive godan (stem 寄(よ)り (yori), past 寄(よ)った (yotta))

寄る (canonical)
yoru (romanization)
寄り (stem)
寄った (past)
寄ら
よら
yora
寄り
より
yori
寄る
よる
yoru
寄れ
よれ
yore
寄られる (passive)
よられる (passive)
yorareru (passive)
寄らせる (causative)
寄らす (causative)
よらせる (causative)
よらす (causative)
yoraseru (causative)
yorasu (causative)
寄れる (potential)
よれる (potential)
yoreru (potential)
寄ろう (volitional)
よろう (volitional)
yorō (volitional)
寄らない (negative)
よらない (negative)
yoranai (negative)
寄らず (continuative negative)
よらず (continuative negative)
yorazu (continuative negative)
寄ります (formal)
よります (formal)
yorimasu (formal)
寄った (perfective)
よった (perfective)
yotta (perfective)
寄って (conjunctive)
よって (conjunctive)
yotte (conjunctive)
寄れば (conditional hypothetical)
よれば (conditional hypothetical)
yoreba (conditional hypothetical)
寄ら (irrealis stem)
よら (irrealis stem)
yora (irrealis)
寄り (continuative stem)
より (continuative stem)
yori (continuative)
寄る (stem terminative)
よる (stem terminative)
yoru (terminative)
寄る (attributive stem)
よる (attributive stem)
yoru (attributive)
寄れ (realis stem)
よれ (realis stem)
yore (realis)
寄れ (imperative stem)
よれ (imperative stem)
yore (imperative)
寄らず (negative)
よらず (negative)
yorazu (negative)
寄れど (contrastive)
よれど (contrastive)
yoredo (contrastive)
寄れば (causative)
よれば (causative)
yoreba (causative)
寄らば (conditional)
よらば (conditional)
yoraba (conditional)
寄りき (past)
よりき (past)
yoriki (past)
寄りけり (past)
よりけり (past)
yorikeri (past)
寄りつ (perfect)
よりつ (perfect)
yoritu (perfect)
寄りぬ (perfect)
よりぬ (perfect)
yorinu (perfect)
寄れり (continuative perfect)
寄りたり (continuative perfect)
よれり (continuative perfect)
よりたり (continuative perfect)
yoreri (continuative perfect)
yoritari (continuative perfect)
寄らむ (volitional)
よらむ (volitional)
yoramu (volitional)


軍配

Appears to be a Japanese coinage from Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 軍 (gun, “army, military, troops”) + 配 (hai, “arrangement, positioning”). The hai changes to bai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

軍配団扇

軍配団扇 ぐんばいうちわ

a lacquered rigid wooden fan used for signal

軍配者: a person issuing commands to a military force: a commander

軍配凧: a kite in the shape of a gunbai uchiwa

a common tropical creeping vine: Ipomoea pes-caprae

軍配酸漿 ぐんばいほおずき

軍配酸漿: the egg sac of marine whelk of family Melongenidae

軍配虫

common name for a lace bug, flying insect of family Tingidae

軍配を返す: → to signal the start of a sumo match

once the initial start-up positioning time has run out

軍配通り

as indicated, confirmation of the victory indicated by a referee

(sumo) any of various signals indicated by a gyoji (sumo referee) using a gunbai uchiwa, including decision of the winner of a bout


軍配団扇

軍配団扇 (canonical)
gunbai uchiwa (romanization)

[ɡɯ̟̃mba̠i ɯ̟t͡ɕiβ̞a̠]

Compound of 軍配(ぐんばい) (gunbai, “army signalling”) + 団扇(うちわ) (uchiwa, “rigid Japanese hand fan”).

ja-compound

(sumo) a lacquered wooden fan used for signaling by the 行司 (gyōji, “sumo referee”)


幕下

(sumo) The third-highest division in sumo.


はず

hazu (romanization)
fazu (romanization)
はず (hiragana historical)

Unknown. There are several origin theories, including:
* From ハヅレ (hazure, “other; extraordinary”)
* Of obsolete forms ハ, meaning “open; unfold”, and ズ, meaning “unlimited; without end”
* Abbreviation of 手(て)はず (tehazu, “arrangement; plan”)
* Abbreviation of obsolete ハスヱ (hasue, “tip; end”)
* From 羽(は) (ha, “feather”) and 頭(ず) (zu, “tip; head”)

(sumo) a nock-shaped grip used in はず押(お)し (hazu oshi)


sumotori

His past was evident in his small office, crowded with his wrestling trophies and certificates, but most intriguing to Hiroshi were the photos of sumotori that lined the wall—their bulky, imposing bodies filling the space around them.

2007, Gail Tsukiyama, The Street of a Thousand Blossoms: A Novel, page 47:


sagari

(sumo) The stiffened silk fronds inserted in the front of a mawashi.


小結

Uncertain. One theory holds that the term originally referred to the lowest rank eligible to appear in the “結びの一番” (musubi no ichiban), the final match of the day during a sumo tournament.

(sumo) komusubi, the fourth-highest rank in sumo, the lowest sanyaku rank


鯖折り

ja-noun

鯖(さば)折(お)り • (sabaori) ^(←さばをり (sabawori)?)

鯖折り (canonical)
sabaori (romanization)
sabawori (romanization)
さばをり (hiragana historical)

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker holds his opponent by the mawashi and throws all his weight high, forcing the opponents knees to buckle


立ち上がる

ja-verb

立(た)ち上(あ)がる • (tachiagaru) intransitive godan (stem 立(た)ち上(あ)がり (tachiagari), past 立(た)ち上(あ)がった (tachiagatta))

立ち上がる (canonical)
tachiagaru (romanization)
立ち上がり (stem)
立ち上がった (past)
立ち上がら
たちあがら
tachiagara
立ち上がり
たちあがり
tachiagari
立ち上がる
たちあがる
tachiagaru
立ち上がれ
たちあがれ
tachiagare
立ち上がられる (passive)
たちあがられる (passive)
tachiagarareru (passive)
立ち上がらせる (causative)
立ち上がらす (causative)
たちあがらせる (causative)
たちあがらす (causative)
tachiagaraseru (causative)
tachiagarasu (causative)
立ち上がれる (potential)
たちあがれる (potential)
tachiagareru (potential)
立ち上がろう (volitional)
たちあがろう (volitional)
tachiagarō (volitional)
立ち上がらない (negative)
たちあがらない (negative)
tachiagaranai (negative)
立ち上がらず (continuative negative)
たちあがらず (continuative negative)
tachiagarazu (continuative negative)
立ち上がります (formal)
たちあがります (formal)
tachiagarimasu (formal)
立ち上がった (perfective)
たちあがった (perfective)
tachiagatta (perfective)
立ち上がって (conjunctive)
たちあがって (conjunctive)
tachiagatte (conjunctive)
立ち上がれば (conditional hypothetical)
たちあがれば (conditional hypothetical)
tachiagareba (conditional hypothetical)

[ta̠t͡ɕia̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟]

(sumo) to end warming up (shikiri) and start a match


千秋楽

ja-noun

千(せん)秋(しゅう)楽(らく) • (senshūraku) ^(←せんしうらく (sensiuraku)?)

千秋楽 (canonical)
senshūraku (romanization)
sensiuraku (romanization)
せんしうらく (hiragana historical)

→ English: senshuraku

[sẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨːɾa̠kɯ̟]

Compound of 千秋(せんしゅう) (senshū, “thousand years, millennium”, literally “thousand autumns”) + 楽(らく) (raku, “comfort, ease”). The noun senses are derived from the gagaku work, which was originally played to mark the enthronement of Emperor Go-Sanjō in the mid-11th century.
The alternative spelling 千穐楽 is mostly used in the context of theatre, due to superstitions based on the kanji 秋 (“autumn”) containing 火 (“fire”); therefore 亀 (“turtle”) was substituted with a more auspicious connotation.

ja-compound

(sumo, theater) the final day in a set of multi-day performances


どすこい

(sumo) An interjection used in cheering for sumo: great; tremendous; extreme


残った

The past perfective form of verb 残る (nokoru, “to remain”).

(sumo) used by a 行司 (gyōji, “referee”) to indicate that a match has begun and is ongoing


蹲踞

ja-noun

蹲(そん)踞(きょ) or 蹲(そん)踞(こ) • (sonkyo or sonko)

蹲踞 (canonical)
蹲踞 (canonical)
sonkyo (romanization)
sonko (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 蹲踞 (MC dzwon kjoH). The reading of sonko uses the go'on reading of ko for 踞.


蹲踞

蹲踞する (canonical)
蹲踞する (canonical)
sonkyo suru (romanization)
sonko suru (romanization)
蹲踞し (stem)
蹲踞した (past)
蹲踞し
そんきょし
sonkyo shi
蹲踞する
そんきょする
sonkyo suru
蹲踞すれ
そんきょすれ
sonkyo sure
蹲踞せよ (imperative literary)
蹲踞しろ (colloquial imperative)
そんきょせよ (imperative literary)
そんきょしろ (colloquial imperative)
sonkyo seyo (imperative literary)
sonkyo shiro (colloquial imperative)
蹲踞される (passive)
そんきょされる (passive)
sonkyo sareru (passive)
蹲踞させる (causative)
蹲踞さす (causative)
そんきょさせる (causative)
そんきょさす (causative)
sonkyo saseru (causative)
sonkyo sasu (causative)
蹲踞できる (potential)
そんきょできる (potential)
sonkyo dekiru (potential)
蹲踞しよう (volitional)
そんきょしよう (volitional)
sonkyo shiyō (volitional)
蹲踞しない (negative)
そんきょしない (negative)
sonkyo shinai (negative)
蹲踞せず (continuative negative)
そんきょせず (continuative negative)
sonkyo sezu (continuative negative)
蹲踞します (formal)
そんきょします (formal)
sonkyo shimasu (formal)
蹲踞した (perfective)
そんきょした (perfective)
sonkyo shita (perfective)
蹲踞して (conjunctive)
そんきょして (conjunctive)
sonkyo shite (conjunctive)
蹲踞すれば (conditional hypothetical)
そんきょすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sonkyo sureba (conditional hypothetical)
蹲踞し
そんこし
sonko shi
蹲踞する
そんこする
sonko suru
蹲踞すれ
そんこすれ
sonko sure
蹲踞せよ (imperative literary)
蹲踞しろ (colloquial imperative)
そんこせよ (imperative literary)
そんこしろ (colloquial imperative)
sonko seyo (imperative literary)
sonko shiro (colloquial imperative)
蹲踞される (passive)
そんこされる (passive)
sonko sareru (passive)
蹲踞させる (causative)
蹲踞さす (causative)
そんこさせる (causative)
そんこさす (causative)
sonko saseru (causative)
sonko sasu (causative)
蹲踞できる (potential)
そんこできる (potential)
sonko dekiru (potential)
蹲踞しよう (volitional)
そんこしよう (volitional)
sonko shiyō (volitional)
蹲踞しない (negative)
そんこしない (negative)
sonko shinai (negative)
蹲踞せず (continuative negative)
そんこせず (continuative negative)
sonko sezu (continuative negative)
蹲踞します (formal)
そんこします (formal)
sonko shimasu (formal)
蹲踞した (perfective)
そんこした (perfective)
sonko shita (perfective)
蹲踞して (conjunctive)
そんこして (conjunctive)
sonko shite (conjunctive)
蹲踞すれば (conditional hypothetical)
そんこすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sonko sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(sumo, kendo) to assume the sonkyo position


寄り切り

寄り切り (canonical)
yorikiri (romanization)

→ English: yorikiri

The 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 寄り切る (yorikiru, “to push an opponent out of the ring while gripping on the opponent’s mawashi”).

ただいまの決まり手は「寄り切り」。寄り切って、◯◯の勝ち。

Tadaima no kimarite wa “yorikiri”. Yorikitte,◯◯ no kachi.

The winning move just now is a yorikiri. [wrestler’s name]’s win is by yorikiri.

(sumo) a winning move by pushing an opponent out of the ring while gripping on the opponent’s mawashi


猫騙し

猫騙し (canonical)
nekodamashi (romanization)

(sumo) A distracting clap, literally fool-the-cat, loudly clapping hands in front of an opponent’s face to distract them at the start of a sumo match.


前褌

(sumo) The front part of a sumo wrestler’s belt, front of the mawashi.


四股名

(sumo) shikona, a sumo athlete’s ring name


立合い

(sumo) tachiai, the initial charge at the start of a sumo bout


勝ち星

勝ち星 (canonical)
kachiboshi (romanization)

Compound of 勝(か)ち (kachi, “victory, win”) + 星(ほし) (hoshi, “star → dot → circle”).
The hoshi changes to boshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

(sumo) a white circle used to indicate a win


pusher-thruster

(sumo) A rikishi who uses his weight to push and pummel his opponent, rather than holding the opponent's mawashi and attempting to throw him


掬い投げ

ja-noun

掬(すく)い投(な)げ • (sukuinage) ^(←すくひなげ (sukufinage)?)

掬い投げ (canonical)
sukuinage (romanization)
sukufinage (romanization)
すくひなげ (hiragana historical)

From 掬い (sukui, “scooping”) + 投げ (nage, “throw”).


立行司

ja-noun

立(たて)行(ぎょう)司(じ) • (tate-gyōji) ^(←たてぎやうじ (tategyauzi)?)

立行司 (canonical)
tate-gyōji (romanization)
tategyauzi (romanization)
たてぎやうじ (hiragana historical)

→ English: tategyoji

From 立て (tate-, “first”) + 行司 (gyōji, “sumo referee”).

prefix

木村庄之助 木村庄之助#Japanese

式守伊之助 式守伊之助#Japanese

(sumo) one of the two head gyoji (sumo referees) overseeing the highest-ranked sumo wrestlers: 木村庄之助 (Kimura Shōnosuke) and 式守伊之助 (Shikimori Inosuke)


浴びせ倒し

ja-noun

浴(あ)びせ倒(たお)し • (abisetaoshi) ^(←あびせたふし (abisetafusi)?)

浴びせ倒し (canonical)
abisetaoshi (romanization)
abisetafusi (romanization)
あびせたふし (hiragana historical)

→ English: abisetaoshi

From 浴びせ (abise, the 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 浴びせる (abiseru), “to put one’s own body (onto an opponent)”) + 倒し (taoshi, the 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 倒す (taosu), “to throw down”).

com

(sumo) a winning move in which the attacker forces his opponent over backwards by throwing his weight into him from a grappling position


明け荷

(sumo) akeni, a wicker box used by rikishi or gyoji to store personal items


ちゃんこ鍋

ちゃんこ鍋 (canonical)
chankonabe (romanization)

Uncertain. Theories include ちゃん (-chan), suffix to the name of the cook, or Mandarin 鏟鍋 /铲锅 (chǎnguō, “metal pot”), plus 鍋(なべ) (nabe, “food cooked in a pot”).

(sumo) chankonabe; a stew of meat, seafood and vegetables eaten by sumo rikishi


力水

力水 (canonical)
chikara mizu (romanization)

Compound of 力 (“strength, power”) + 水 (“water”).

(sumo) chikara mizu, water used by rikishi to ritually cleanse the mouth before a match


出稽古

(sumo) degeiko, a practice session between rikishi of different heya


土俵入り

土俵入り (canonical)
dohyōiri (romanization)

Compound of 土俵(どひょう) (dohyō, “sumo ring”) + 入(い)り (iri), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 入(い)る (iru, “come in”).

ja-etym-renyokei

(sumo) dohyo-iri, a ring-entering ceremony performed by rikishi in the higher divisions


花相撲

(sumo) hanazumo, an exhibition tournament, a tournament outside the six official basho held each year


はっけよい

Various theories exist:
* According to Daigenkai (1932), thought to be a compound of 八卦 (hakke, “bagua”) + 良い (yoi, “good”)
* The original pronunciation might have been hakk(i)yoi, see alternative forms above.

(sumo) said by a 行司 (gyōji, “referee”) after a successful 立ち合い (tachiai, “initial charge”) and when both wrestlers are in a standoff


はっきよい

Various theories exist:
* The Japan Sumo Association referee ruleset states it is a shift from a compound of 発気 (hakki, literally “discharging spirits”) + 揚々 (yōyō, “exultant, triumphant”).
* According to Masatsugu Okazaki, a shift from 早競へ (haya-kioe), a compound of 早 (haya, “already, now”) + 競へ (kioe, the 已然形 (izenkei, “realis form”) and/or 命令形 (meireikei, “imperative form”) of classical verb 競ふ (kiou), “to compete”).
* The pronunciation might have originally been はっけよい (hakkeyoi), see that article for more.

com

はっけよい はっけよい#Japanese

(sumo) Alternative spelling of はっけよい (hakkeyoi):


ガチンコ

ガチンコ (canonical)
がちんこ (canonical)
gachinko (romanization)

[ɡa̠t͡ɕĩŋko̞]

From がちん (gachin, “thuddingly”, adverb; sound effect for something heavy and solid colliding) + こ (-ko, nominalizer). Compare ぶらんこ (buranko, “(playground) swing”), from adverb ぶらん (buran, “hanging loosely”) + こ (ko, nominalizer).

suffix

(sumo) a real match with no allowance to one's competitor, as opposed to a thrown or an arranged match


待った

た (-ta) imperative of 待(ま)つ (matsu, “to wait”).


待った

(sumo) false start; failed or mistimed attempt to start a match

待ったを掛ける

(sumo) time-out; short break in the match


物言い

ja-noun

物(もの)言(い)い • (monoii) ^(←ものいひ (monoifi)?)

物言い (canonical)
monoii (romanization)
monoifi (romanization)
ものいひ (hiragana historical)

→ English: mono-ii

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 物言う (monoiu, “to talk”).
Equivalent to 物 (mono, “thing”) + 言い (ii, “speaking, talking”).

com

(sumo) an objection to a gyōji's decision on a bout


序の口

序の口 (canonical)
jo no kuchi (romanization)

(sumo) the lowest rank of sumo wrestlers


角界

ja-noun

角(かく)界(かい) or 角(かっ)界(かい) • (kakukai or kakkai)

角界 (canonical)
角界 (canonical)
kakukai (romanization)
kakkai (romanization)

Blend of 角力 (kakuryoku, sumō, “wrestling; sumo”) + 界 (-kai, “world”)


はず押し

はず押し (canonical)
hazuoshi (romanization)

From 筈(はず) (hazu, “notch”) + 押(お)し (oshi), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 押(お)す (osu, “push”).

ja-etym-renyokei

(sumo) a pushing technique in which an athlete’s hands push against the opponent’s armpits or upper body


突っ張り

突っ張り (canonical)
tsuppari (romanization)

はず押し

under-arm push; pushing with clenched fingers

(sumo) thrusting attack; pushing or slapping an opponent with open palms


式守伊之助

ja-pos

式(しき)守(もり)伊(い)之(の)助(すけ) • (Shikimori Inosuke)

式守伊之助 (canonical)
Shikimori Inosuke (romanization)

(sumo) title given to the second-highest ranking referee (gyōji) in professional sumo

木村庄之助

Kimura Shōnosuke, title of highest ranking referee

木村庄之助 きむら　しょうのすけ


木村庄之助

木(き)村(むら)庄(しょう)之(の)助(すけ) • (Kimura Shōnosuke)

木村庄之助 (canonical)
Kimura Shōnosuke (romanization)

(sumo) title given to the highest ranking referee (gyōji) in professional sumo

式守伊之助

Shikimori Inosuke, title of second-highest ranking referee

式守伊之助 しきもり　いのすけ


食い下がる

ja-verb

食(く)い下(さ)がる • (kuisagaru) godan (stem 食(く)い下(さ)がり (kuisagari), past 食(く)い下(さ)がった (kuisagatta))

食い下がる (canonical)
kuisagaru (romanization)
食い下がり (stem)
食い下がった (past)
食い下がら
くいさがら
kuisagara
食い下がり
くいさがり
kuisagari
食い下がる
くいさがる
kuisagaru
食い下がれ
くいさがれ
kuisagare
食い下がられる (passive)
くいさがられる (passive)
kuisagarareru (passive)
食い下がらせる (causative)
食い下がらす (causative)
くいさがらせる (causative)
くいさがらす (causative)
kuisagaraseru (causative)
kuisagarasu (causative)
食い下がれる (potential)
くいさがれる (potential)
kuisagareru (potential)
食い下がろう (volitional)
くいさがろう (volitional)
kuisagarō (volitional)
食い下がらない (negative)
くいさがらない (negative)
kuisagaranai (negative)
食い下がらず (continuative negative)
くいさがらず (continuative negative)
kuisagarazu (continuative negative)
食い下がります (formal)
くいさがります (formal)
kuisagarimasu (formal)
食い下がった (perfective)
くいさがった (perfective)
kuisagatta (perfective)
食い下がって (conjunctive)
くいさがって (conjunctive)
kuisagatte (conjunctive)
食い下がれば (conditional hypothetical)
くいさがれば (conditional hypothetical)
kuisagareba (conditional hypothetical)

[kɯ̟isa̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟]

Compound of 食い (“連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) of the verb 食(く)う (kū)”) + 下がる

com

(sumo) to grab the front of the opponent's mawashi, place one's head against their chest, and lower one's hips


肩透かし

肩透かし (canonical)
katasukashi (romanization)

→ English: katasukashi


niramiai

(sumo) The staredown between sumo wrestlers before a match.


死に体

(sumo) losing posture; falling position from which it is impossible to recover


禁じ手

[kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑite̞]

From 禁じる (kinjiru, “to forbid”) + 手 (te, “hand”).

(shogi, sumo, go) A foul or forbidden move


ebanzuke

(sumo) A banzuke illustrated with pictures of the wrestlers


fudadome

(sumo) sold out said of spectators' seats


hanamichi

(sumo) Either of the East or West paths that lead to the dohyo


harite

(sumo) A slap (strike with an open hand)


hazuoshi

(sumo) The act of pushing the opponent with hands beneath his armpits


hiwaza

(sumo) Any of passive several ways of winning because the opponent makes a mistake


itamiwake

(sumo) A draw due to the injury of one of the wrestlers


kadoban

(sumo) An ozeki who is in danger of demotion


kuisagaru

(sumo) A technique in which a wrestler lowers his centre of gravity and pushes his opponent out of the ring


maemitsu

(sumo) A grip on the front of the mawashi


makikae

(sumo) A quick change from an overarm to an underarm grip on the opponent's mawashi


nekodamashi

(sumo) The act of clapping the hands in order to distract one's opponent


nodowa

From Japanese 喉輪 (literally “throat ring”).

(sumo) A thrust at the opponent's throat.


okamisan

From Japanese 女将さん (okami-san, literally “miss proprietress”).

bor

(sumo) The wife of a stablemaster who oversees all activities except coaching


sewanin

(sumo) A retired wrestler who assists at a stable.


shimenawa

(sumo) A length of straw that lines the ring (used as ritual purification in shinto)


shingitai

(sumo) The qualities of head, technique and body held to be essential for a successful wrestler


shonichi

(sumo) The first day of a basho, or the first win after a string of defeats


tegatana

From Japanese 手刀 (tegatana, “knife hand”).

(sumo) The ceremonial gesture made by a winning wrestler after receiving his prize money.


wakaimonogashira

(sumo) A retired wrestler who works with new recruits


zanbara

(sumo) hair that is loose and dishevelled and too short to be arranged into a chonmage


脇が甘い

ja-adj

脇(わき)が甘(あま)い • (waki ga amai) -i (adverbial 脇(わき)が甘(あま)く (waki ga amaku))

脇が甘い (canonical)
waki ga amai (romanization)
脇が甘く (adverbial)
脇が甘かろ (imperfective stem)
わきがあまかろ (imperfective stem)
waki ga amakaro (imperfective)
脇が甘く (continuative stem)
わきがあまく (continuative stem)
waki ga amaku (continuative)
脇が甘い (stem terminative)
わきがあまい (stem terminative)
waki ga amai (terminative)
脇が甘い (attributive stem)
わきがあまい (attributive stem)
waki ga amai (attributive)
脇が甘けれ (hypothetical stem)
わきがあまけれ (hypothetical stem)
waki ga amakere (hypothetical)
脇が甘かれ (imperative stem)
わきがあまかれ (imperative stem)
waki ga amakare (imperative)
脇が甘くない (informal negative)
わきがあまくない (informal negative)
waki ga amaku nai (informal negative)
脇が甘かった (informal past)
わきがあまかった (informal past)
waki ga amakatta (informal past)
脇が甘くなかった (informal negative past)
わきがあまくなかった (informal negative past)
waki ga amaku nakatta (informal negative past)
脇が甘いです (formal)
わきがあまいです (formal)
waki ga amai desu (formal)
脇が甘くないです (formal negative)
わきがあまくないです (formal negative)
waki ga amaku nai desu (formal negative)
脇が甘かったです (formal past)
わきがあまかったです (formal past)
waki ga amakatta desu (formal past)
脇が甘くなかったです (formal negative past)
わきがあまくなかったです (formal negative past)
waki ga amaku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
脇が甘くて (conjunctive)
わきがあまくて (conjunctive)
waki ga amakute (conjunctive)
脇が甘ければ (conditional)
わきがあまければ (conditional)
waki ga amakereba (conditional)
脇が甘かったら (conditional past)
わきがあまかったら (conditional past)
waki ga amakattara (conditional past)
脇が甘かろう (volitional)
わきがあまかろう (volitional)
waki ga amakarō (volitional)
脇が甘く (adverbial)
わきがあまく (adverbial)
waki ga amaku (adverbial)
脇が甘さ (noun-from-adj)
わきがあまさ (noun-from-adj)
waki ga amasa (noun-from-adj)

Originally a sumo term, compound of 脇 + が + 甘い

(sumo) poor at preventing one's opponent from getting an underarm grip


ёкодзуна

ru-noun+

ёкодзу́на • (jokodzúna) f anim (genitive ёкодзу́ны, nominative plural ёкодзу́ны, genitive plural ёкодзу́н)

ёкодзу́на (canonical)
jokodzúna (romanization)
ёкодзу́ны (genitive)
ёкодзу́ны (nominative plural)
ёкодзу́н (genitive plural)
ёкодзу́на (nominative singular)
ёкодзу́ны (nominative plural)
ёкодзу́ны (genitive singular)
ёкодзу́н (genitive plural)
ёкодзу́не (dative singular)
ёкодзу́нам (dative plural)
ёкодзу́ну (accusative singular)
ёкодзу́н (accusative plural)
ёкодзу́ной (instrumental singular)
ёкодзу́ною (instrumental singular)
ёкодзу́нами (instrumental plural)
ёкодзу́не (prepositional singular)
ёкодзу́нах (plural prepositional)

Borrowed from Japanese 横綱(よこづな) (yokozuna).


橫綱

/xɤŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/waːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/vaŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²⁴/

/xɤŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/waːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/vaŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²⁴/


踏み出し

踏み出し (canonical)
fumidashi (romanization)

English: fumidashi

Nominalization of 踏(ふ)み出(だ)す (fumidasu, “to step out”).


幕内

(sumo) the upper five ranks among the ten ranks in sumo