long

Every uptick made the longs cheer.

(finance) An entity with a long position in an asset; for example, a trader or investor possessing an amount of a company's shares.

Likewise, if borrowers prefer to sell short-maturity issues at the time lenders prefer to invest in longs, as is the case when interest rates are expected to fall, longer maturity issues will tend to yield less than shorter maturity issues.

1977, Jerome B. Cohen, Edward D. Zinbarg, Arthur Zeikel, Guide to Intelligent Investing, →OCLC, page 203

"U.S. Treasury Market Structure", https://www.mfaalts.org/issue/u-s-treasury-market-structure/
Hedge funds are constrained in how much leverage they can utilize, in part because the futures contracts they are shorting against their Treasury longs have significant initial margin requirements.

(finance) A long-maturity security, such as a ten- or twenty-year bond.


long

en-verb

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

longs (present singular third-person)
longing (participle present)
longed (participle past)
longed (past)

From Middle English long, lang, from Old English long, lang (“long, tall, lasting”), from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”).
Cognate with Scots lang (“long”), North Frisian long, lung (“long”), Saterland Frisian loang (“long”), Norwegian, West Frisian, Dutch and German lang (“long”), Swedish lång (“long”), Icelandic langur (“long”), Portuguese longo (“long”), Spanish luengo (“long”), French long, Latin longus (“long”), Russian дли́нный (dlínnyj), до́лго (dólgo), Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long”).
The word exceptionally retains the Old English darkening of -a- before nasals. Though there are other such examples in Middle and Modern English (e.g. bond, song, throng, wrong), the o-form may have been reinforced by Old French long, from Latin longus, from the same Indo-European word. Doublet of lungo and lunge.

The left panel shows the profile of a portfolio consisting of longing a call and shorting a put.

2004, Thomas S. Y. Ho with Sang Bin Lee and Sang-bin Yi, The Oxford Guide to Financial Modeling, page 84

(transitive, finance) To take a long position in.


corporate

en-noun

corporate (countable and uncountable, plural corporates)

-ɔː(ɹ)pəɹeɪt

From Middle English corporat, corporate (a verb in the Middle English Dictionary but “this may be a true adjective” was added as a note), from Latin corporātus, past participle of corporāre (“to make into a body”), which in turn was formed from corpus (“body”). See also corpse.

So-called junk corporates and emerging-market debt remain generally out of favor.

2009 January 11, Robert D. Hershey Jr., “Look Past 2008 Stars for Gains in Bonds”, in New York Times

(finance) A bond issued by a corporation.


asset

Back-formation from assets, from Anglo-Norman asetz, from Old French assez (“enough”). Compare Middle English asseth.

Coordinate term: liability

A thing or quality that has value, especially one that generates cash flows.

(accounting) Any item recorded on the left-hand side of a balance sheet.

actif

(accounting) any item recorded on the left-hand side of a balance sheet — see also liability


heavy

en-adj

heavy (comparative heavier, superlative heaviest)

heavier (comparative)
heaviest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: hebi

From Middle English hevy, heviȝ, from Old English hefiġ, hefeġ, hæfiġ (“heavy; important, grave, severe, serious; oppressive, grievous; slow, dull”), from Proto-West Germanic *habīg (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Germanic *habīgaz (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, grasp, hold”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Scots hevy, havy, heavy (“heavy”), Dutch hevig (“violent, severe, intense, acute”), Middle Low German hēvich (“violent, fierce, intense”), German hebig (compare heftig (“fierce, severe, intense, violent, heavy”)), Icelandic höfugur (“heavy, weighty, important”), Latin capāx (“large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious, capable, apt”).

cog

The very low prices of brandy, and the continuance of a heavy market for such a length of time, have begun to attract buyers; […]

1819, The Scots Magazine, volumes 83-84, page 577

The oil market is heavy, each day bringing along further supplies of shares from people who have not tired of the long-continued decline in the market.

1922, The Investor's Monthly Manual: A Newspaper for Investors, page 626

(finance) Of a market: in which the price of shares is declining.


revenue

en-noun

revenue (countable and uncountable, plural revenues)

Early Modern English
Shakespeare
revenue

Recorded in English from 1433, "income from property or possessions", from Middle French revenue, from Old French [Term?] (“a return”) (modern French revenu), the prop. feminine past participle of revenir (“come back”) (=modern French), from Latin revenire (“to return, come back”), from re- (“back”) + venire (“to come”).

(accounting) The net income from normal business operations; net sales.


lift

en-verb

lift (third-person singular simple present lifts, present participle lifting, simple past lifted or (rare, regional, obsolete) lift, past participle lifted or (rare, regional, obsolete) lift or (obsolete) yleft)

lifts (present singular third-person)
lifting (participle present)
lifted (past)
lift (obsolete past rare regional)
lifted (participle past)
lift (obsolete participle past rare regional)
yleft (obsolete participle past)

From Middle English liften, lyften, from Old Norse lypta (“to lift, air”, literally “to raise in the air”), from Proto-Germanic *luftijaną (“to raise in the air”), related to *luftuz (“roof, air”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel, break off, damage”) or from a root meaning roof (see *luftuz). Cognate with Danish and Norwegian Bokmål løfte (“to lift”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish lyfta (“to lift”), German lüften (“to air, lift”), Old English lyft (“air”). See above. 1851 for the noun sense "a mechanical device for vertical transport".
(To steal): For this sense Cleasby suggests perhaps a relation to the root of Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃 (hliftus) "thief", cognate with Latin cleptus and Greek κλέπτω (kléptō)).

der

(finance) To buy a security or other asset previously offered for sale.


dust

en-noun

dust (countable and uncountable, plural dusts)

→ Russian: дуст (dust)

From Middle English dust, doust, from Old English dūst (“dust, dried earth reduced to powder; other dry material reduced to powder”), from the fusion of Proto-Germanic *dustą (“dust”) and *dunstą (“mist, dust, evaporation”), both from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”).
Cognate with Scots dust, dist (“dust”), Dutch duist (“pollen, dust”) and dons (“down, fuzz”), German Dust (“dust”) and Dunst (“haze”), Swedish dust (“dust”), Icelandic dust (“dust”), Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”). Also related to Swedish dun (“down, fluff”), Icelandic dúnn (“down, fluff”). See down.

der

(cryptocurrencies) Tiny amounts of cryptocurrency left over after a transaction due to rounding error.


dust

en-verb

dust (third-person singular simple present dusts, present participle dusting, simple past and past participle dusted)

dusts (present singular third-person)
dusting (participle present)
dusted (participle past)
dusted (past)

(cryptocurrencies) To attempt to identify the owner of (a cryptocurrency wallet) by sending tiny amounts of cryptocurrency.


deposit

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *dē
Latin dē
Latin dē-
Proto-Italic *pozinō
Latin pōnō
Latin dēpōnō
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tos
Latin -tus
Latin deposituslbor.
English deposit
Learned borrowing from Latin depositus, past participle of depono (“put down”). Doublet of depot.

etymon

They put down a deposit on the apartment.

(finance) A sum of money or other asset given as an initial payment, to show good faith, or to reserve something for purchase.


gain

Inherited from Middle French gain, from Old French gaaing, deverbal from the verb gaaignier (“to earn, gain, seize, conquer by force”) (whence Modern French gagner).


loan

From Middle English lone, lane, from Old Norse lán, from Proto-Germanic *laihną, from Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ- (“to leave (over)”).
Cognate with Icelandic lán, Swedish lån, Danish lån, German Lehen (“fief”), Dutch leen (“fief”), West Frisian lien, North Frisian leen (“fief; loan; office”), Scots lane, lain, len, Old English lǣn. More at lend.

cog

Because of the loan that John made to me, I was able to pay my tuition for the upcoming semester.

(law, banking, finance) An act or instance of lending, an act or instance of granting something for temporary use.

All loans from the library, whether books or audio material, must be returned within two weeks.

He got a loan of five thousand pounds.

(law, banking, finance) A sum of money or other property that a natural or legal person borrows from another with the condition that it be returned or repaid over time or at a later date (sometimes with interest).


d

Pronunciation of IPA [dɑː, ɑdːɑː] with the sound [d]

(financial mathematics) annual effective discount rate


仟

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

(financial) Alternative form of 千 (“thousand”)


floor

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

non-rhotic, dough–door merger, African-American Vernacular

From Middle English flor, flore, from Old English flōr (“floor, pavement, ground, bottom”), from Proto-West Germanic *flōr, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz (“flat surface, floor, plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂ros (“floor”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).
Cognate with Scots flure, fluir (“floor”), Saterland Frisian Floor (“floor”), West Frisian flier (“floor”), Dutch vloer (“floor”), German Low German Floor (“entry hall”), German Flur (“field, floor, entrance hall”), Swedish flor (“floor of a cow stall”), Irish urlár (“floor”), Scottish Gaelic làr (“floor, ground, earth”), Welsh llawr (“floor, ground”), Latin plānus (“level, flat”).

cog

(finance) A lower limit or minimum on a price or rate, a price floor. Opposite of a cap or ceiling.

lattia

finance: lower limit on the interest rate payable on an otherwise variable-rate loan


short

en-adj

short (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)

shorter (comparative)
shortest (superlative)

tall

antonym(s) of “having a small distance between ends or edges”

tall

antonym(s) of “of a person, of comparatively little height”

long

antonym(s) of “cricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman”

long

antonym(s) of “financial position expecting falling value”

From Middle English schort, short, from Old English sċeort, sċort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Cognate with shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, Dutch kort, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”), Proto-Slavic *kortъkъ. Doublet of curt. More at shirt.

Coordinate term: long

short position

I'm short in General Motors because I think their sales are plunging.

(finance) Being in a financial investment position that is structured to be profitable if the price of the underlying security declines in the future.

lyhyt

being in a financial investment position to profit of falling prices

He pulled a cheque-book from his pocket, and drew for two hundred thousand pounds. “I'll take it short,” he said […]

1909, James Blyth, The member for Easterby, page 296

(finance, dated) Of money: given in the fewest possible notes, i.e. those of the largest denomination.


short

We went short most finance companies in July.

(finance) With a negative ownership position.

lyhyt

finance: with a negative ownership position


short

→ Cantonese: short

→ Italian: short

→ Japanese: ショート (shōto)

→ Mandarin: 秀逗 (xiùdou)

→ Hakka: 秀逗 (sió-tò)

→ Maltese: xort

The market decline was terrible, but the shorts were buying champagne.

He closed out his short at a modest loss after three months.

(finance) A short sale or short position.


short

I don’t want to be short the market going into the weekend.

(finance) Having a negative position in.


American

American (comparative more American, superlative most American)

more American (comparative)
most American (superlative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *amalaz
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Celtic *rīxsbor.
Proto-Germanic *rīks
Proto-Germanic *Amalarīksder.
Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-
Proto-Indo-European *-mos
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos
Proto-Indo-European *tḱóymos
Proto-Germanic *haimaz
Proto-Germanic *rīks
Proto-Germanic *Haimarīksder.?
Italian Amerigoder.
New Latin Americalbor.
English America
Middle English -n
English -n
English American
From America + -n. compare Latin americānus.

etymon

All of these trade on the Chicago Board Options Exchange. Most of the contracts are European. An exception is the OEX contract on the S&P 100, which is American.

2009, John C. Hull, Options, Futures, and other Derivatives (Seventh Edition), Pearson Education, page 182

Multi-dimensional option pricing becomes an important topic in financial markets (Franker et al., 2008). Among which, the American-type derivative (e.g. the Bermudan option) pricing is a challenging problem.

2009, Shih-Feng Huang, Meihui Guo, Applied Quantitative Finance (Second Edition), Springer, page 295

Based on the analyses throughout the case study, it is recommended that the use of a model that assumes an ESO is European style when, in fact, the option is American style with the other exotic variables should not be permitted, as this substantially overstates compensation expenses.

2010, Johnathan Mun, Modeling Risk + DVD: Applying Monte Carlo Risk Simulation, Strategic Real Options, Stochastic Forecasting, and Portfolio Optimization (Second Edition), John Wiley & Sons

(finance, of an option, not comparable) Able to be exercised on any date between its issue and expiry.

amerikkalainen

finance: that can be exercised on any date between the issue date and the expiry date


伍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (伍):
* → Japanese: 伍(ご) (go)
* → Korean: 오(伍) (o)

(Hokkien dialect) Tagalog: Go

(Mandarin) Tagalog: Wu

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ). Also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) .

Han compound

(financial) Alternative form of 五 (“five”)


butterfly

From Middle English buterflie, butturflye, boterflye, from Old English buterflēoge, equivalent to butter + fly. Cognate with Dutch botervlieg, German Butterfliege (“butterfly”). The name may have originally been applied to butterflies of a yellowish color, and/or reflected a belief that butterflies ate milk and butter (compare German Molkendieb (“butterfly”, literally “whey-thief”) and Low German Botterlicker (“butterfly”, literally “butter-licker”)), or that they excreted a butter-like substance (compare Dutch boterschijte (“butterfly”, literally “butter-shitter”)). Compare also German Schmetterling from Schmetten (“cream”), German Low German Bottervögel (“butterfly”, literally “butter-fowl”). More at butter, fly.
An alternate theory suggests that the first element may have originally been Old English butor- (“beater”), a mutation of bēatan (“to beat”), but this would not explain the cognates in other languages or the other names formed with milk products.
Superseded non-native Middle English papilion (“butterfly”) borrowed from Old French papillon (“butterfly”).

cog

(finance) A combination of four options of the same type at three strike prices giving limited profit and limited risk.

perhonen

finance: type of combination of four options


佰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ).

Han compound

(financial) Alternative form of 百 (“hundred”)


hammer

en-verb

hammer (third-person singular simple present hammers, present participle hammering, simple past and past participle hammered)

hammers (present singular third-person)
hammering (participle present)
hammered (participle past)
hammered (past)

From Middle English hamer, from Old English hamor, from Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz (“tool with a stone head”) (compare West Frisian hammer, Low German Hamer, Dutch hamer, German Hammer, Danish hammer, Swedish hammare). This is traditionally ascribed to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros, from *h₂éḱmō (“stone”), but see *hamaraz for further discussion.
(declare a defaulter on the stock exchange): Originally signalled by knocking with a wooden mallet.

sense

the nail that sticks out gets hammered down

(transitive, finance) To declare (a person) a defaulter on the stock exchange.

(transitive, finance) To beat down the price of (a stock), or depress (a market).


note

en-noun

note (countable and uncountable, plural notes)

From Middle English note, from Old English not, nōt (“note, mark, sign”) and Old French note (“letter, note”), both from Latin nota (“mark, sign, remark, note”).

a promissory note

a note of hand

a negotiable note

A written or printed communication or commitment.

(finance) A written or printed paper acknowledging a debt, and promising payment


倉

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (倉):
* → Japanese: 倉(そう) (sō)
* → Korean: 창(倉) (chang)
* → Vietnamese: thương (倉)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠰᠠᠩ (sang)

Mongolian: ᠰᠠᠩ (sang) / сан (san)

→ Buryat: сан (san), һан (han)

→ Khamnigan Mongol: сан

→ Tuvan: саң (sañ)

→ Written Oirat: ᠰᠠᡊ (sang)

Kalmyk: саң (sañ)

→ Thai: ฉาง (chǎang)

In oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, pictogram (象形) : a granary, depicting its roof (亼), a door (戶), and a pit for storing grain (口). Alternatively an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 合 (“gather”) + 戶 (“door”) – a warehouse. The component 戶 corrupted into 𠁣 in Qin bamboo slips. This form was inherited in small seal script and was misinterpreted as cognate with the unrelated 食 in the Shuowen Jiezi.


借

Originally the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 借る (karu, “to borrow”), now also the 連用形 (ren'yōkei) of modern verb 借りる (kariru, “to borrow”).

(accounting, abbreviation) borrower, debtor: short for 借り方 (karikata)


stop

en-verb

stop (third-person singular simple present stops, present participle stopping, simple past and past participle stopped)

stops (present singular third-person)
stopping (participle present)
stopped (participle past)
stopped (past)
stop (infinitive)

continue

antonym(s) of “to cause to cease moving”

continue

antonym(s) of “to cause to come to an end”

→ Finnish: stop

→ French: stop

→ Greek: στοπ (stop)

→ Hungarian: stop

→ Irish: stop

→ Italian: stop

→ Latvian: stop

→ Ottoman Turkish: استوپ (istop)

→ Polish: stop

→ Portuguese: stop

→ Russian: стоп (stop)

→ Spanish: stop

→ Welsh: stopio

→ Tok Pisin: stap

From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish stoppe (“to stop”), Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Icelandic stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump.
Alternative etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.

megakadályoz

to cause to cease progressing, to prevent

if you find yourself in a hole, the first thing to do is stop digging

It will be noted that the specialist would have refused to stop the stock for broker X if he (the specialist) had only one order to sell at 85.

1952, Charles Amos Dice, Wilford John Eiteman, The Stock Market, page 144

(finance, transitive) To delay the purchase or sale of (a stock) while agreeing the price for later.


stop

(stock market) stop loss order (order to close one’s position if the market drops to a specified price level)


利

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (利):
* → Japanese: 利(り) (ri)
* → Korean: 리/이(利) (ri/i)
* → Vietnamese: lợi (利)

→ Vietnamese: lời

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 禾 (“grain”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to reap grain (禾) with a knife (刀).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ri:t (“to reap, scrape, shave, cut, sever”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007); cognate to Mizo rîit (“to scrap with a hoe”), Western Gurung [script needed] (wriqba, “to scratch”), Burmese ရိတ် (rit, “to cut, reap, mow shave”).

cog

高利貸／高利贷


參

参
曑
叄
㕘
叅
参
蔘
*蓡
薓
*葠
叄
㕘
叅
参
叄
㕘
叅
𠫵
叁
叁
参
叄
㕘
叅
参
慘
䟃
参

先王之制，大都不過參國之一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
先王之制，大都不过参国之一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE

According to the regulations of the former kings, such a city of the first order can have its wall only a third as long as that of the capital.

Xiānwáng zhī zhì, dàdū bù guò sān guó zhī yī. [Pinyin]

足下與項王有故，何不反漢與楚連和，參分天下王之？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
足下与项王有故，何不反汉与楚连和，参分天下王之？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Zúxià yǔ Xiàng wáng yǒugù, hé bù fǎn Hàn yǔ Chǔ liánhé, sān fēn tiānxià wàng zhī? [Pinyin]

(obsolete or financial) Alternative form of 三 (“three”)


參

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC sam, “three”).

(financial) Alternative form of 三 (“hanja form of 삼 (“three”)”)


壹

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlid) : semantic 壺 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). (Shuowen)

Han compound

壱
㚃
夁
𡕍
𡔾
𡔹
𡕋

壹發五豝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
壹发五豝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version


元

⟨mo₂to₂⟩ → /moto/
From Old Japanese. Cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with Okinawan 元 (mutu).

2000円の元を取る
nisen-en no moto o toru
to get one's 2000 yen's worth
(literally, “to take the 2000 yen principal”)


元

元 (canonical)
mutu (romanization)
mūtu (romanization)
むとぅむーとぅ (hiragana)

From Proto-Ryukyuan *moto, from Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with mainland Japanese 元 (moto).


押

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːb, *qraːb) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb).
Cognate with 壓 (OC *qreːb) (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

(finance) to mortgage; to pledge; to pawn


拾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjub) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) – to pick up by hand.

Han compound

(financial) Alternative form of 十 (shí, “ten”)


拾

(financial) Alternative form of 十 (“hanja form of 십 (“ten”)”)


捌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːd, *praːd) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 別 (OC *pred, *bred).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”).

Han compound

別
八
仈
白
𧧸
識
曾

(financial) Alternative form of 八 (bā, “eight”)


捌

(financial, archaic) Alternative form of 八 (“eight”)


handsel

(obsolete, finance) down payment, security


柒

(financial) Alternative form of 七 (“seven”) (used normally in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)


penalty

→ Gulf Arabic: بلنتي (balanti)

→ Portuguese: pênalti, penálti

→ Spanish: penalti

→ Swahili: penalti

(finance) A payment forfeited for an early withdrawal from an account or an investment.


churn

en-verb

churn (third-person singular simple present churns, present participle churning, simple past and past participle churned)

churns (present singular third-person)
churning (participle present)
churned (participle past)
churned (past)

Noun from Middle English chyrne, cherne, kyrne ( > Scots kirn), from Old English ċyrn, ċyrin, ċirin (“churn”), from Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”); verb from Middle English chyrnen from Old English ċernan, from Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”), of unknown origin. Cognate with West Frisian tsjerne, Dutch karn, Walloon serene, German Karn, Kirne, Norwegian Bokmål kjerne, Danish kærne, Swedish kärna, Icelandic kirna.

der

(US, informal, finance, travel) To continually sign up for new credit cards in order to earn signup bonuses, airline miles, and other benefits.

(finance) To carry out wash sales in order to make the market appear more active than it really is.


歩

(finance) by extension of 分 (bu, literally “one-tenth”):

a percentage on interest; compare English commission

the lending and borrowing of interest itself


手

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (手):
* → Japanese: 手(しゅ) (shu)
* → Korean: 수(手) (su)
* → Vietnamese: thủ (手)

Characters in the same phonetic series (手) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – hand and fingers. The top stroke is the bent over middle finger, while the horizontal strokes are each two fingers. Compare 爪, 寸, 九, 又.
Note that unlike the other hand/claw characters, 手 has consistently had five fingers: a mammalian/human hand, as opposed to the three digits often found in the others.
Compare also 止 (“foot”), derived from a footprint, originally composed of 3 toes and a sole.
STEDT compares this word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(t)sjəw-k/ŋ (“wing; hand”) based on Karlgren's Archaic Chinese (Old Chinese) reconstruction *śi̯ôg, connecting it to Tibetan གཤོག (gshog, “wing”).
However, this comparison is not supported by more recent scholarship, in which the Old Chinese is reconstructed with an alveolar nasal (Unger, 1995; Zhengzhang, 1995; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Evidence for the nasal initial is given in Sagart (1999):
* 杻 (“handcuffs”) can be written as 杽, so 丑 (OC *ᵇhnruʔ) (with a nasal initial) and 手 seem to be interchangeable as phonetics.
* The ancient graph 丑 resembles the graph of 又 (“right hand”). 狃 (OC *ᵇnruʔ, “animal track; claw”) seems to be the modern specialized form of 丑, which has been borrowed to represent an earthly branch.
As done by Sagart (1999), Baxter and Sagart (2014) put 杻 (OC *n̥uʔ, “handcuffs”) and 狃 (OC *Cə.nuʔ, “animal track; claw”) into the same word family as 手 (OC *n̥uʔ). Zhengzhang (1995) suggests a connection to Burmese ညှိုး (hnyui:, “forefinger”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njuŋ ~ *s-m-juŋ ~ *s-m-juw (“finger”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) suggests a tone B endoactive derivation from 收 (OC *nhiu?, “to take; to gather”), literally “that which is doing the taking”.


玖

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷlɯʔ) : semantic 玉 + phonetic 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ).

Han compound

(financial) Alternative form of 九 (“nine”) (used normally in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)


ASP

average selling price
w:average selling price

(finance) Initialism of average selling price (or, more rarely, ‘average sale(s) price’.)


bullet

en-noun

bullet (countable and uncountable, plural bullets)

From Middle English bullet (“an official tag or badge of registration or identification”), from Old French bullete, diminutive of boule (“ball”). Later influenced by Middle French boulette and French boulet.

inh

(banking, finance) A large scheduled repayment of the principal of a loan; a balloon payment.


PS

(Late Latin, money) Abbreviation of pustulatum, pusulatum.


paper

en-noun

paper (countable and uncountable, plural papers)

Tok Pisin: pepa
→ Rotokas: pepa

→ Dutch: paper

→ Eastern Arrernte: pipe

→ Esperanto: papero
Ido: papero

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Japanese: ペーパー (pēpā)

→ Malay: kertas (semantic loan)

→ Malayalam: പേപ്പർ (pēppaṟ)

→ Maori: pepa

→ Marshallese: peba

→ Mokilese: peipa

→ Niuean: pepa

→ Scottish Gaelic: pàipear

→ Southern Ndebele: iphepha

→ Spanish: paper

→ Swazi: líphepha

→ Xhosa: iphepha

→ Yoruba: bébà, pépà

→ Zulu: iphepha

From Middle English paper, from Anglo-Norman paper, from Old Catalan paper, borrowed from Latin papȳrus (and given the Catalan suffix -er), from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

Why might not a Government annuity, the Principal of which was originally invested in Paper since the Cash suspension in 1797, be constituted the guarantee of Paper Money, emendating from that investiture and suspension, and the Parliament authority transferred to its security, as it has been to its creation, in preference to all others, while Paper continues our general Medium.

1812, William Major, Theory of Money and Exchanges, page XV

[…] three millions and a half specie in its vaults, and nearly six millions invested in paper, loans, discounts, pledges […]

1859, The Bankers' Magazine, and Statistical Register, page 244

(finance, uncountable) Any financial assets other than specie.


盤

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːn) : phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 皿.

Han compound

大盤／大盘

收盤價／收盘价

(finance, chiefly in compounds) financial market


EOD

(finance, law) Initialism of event of default.


股

Originally written 夃 (OC *kaːʔ, “thigh”), according to 趙平安. Later the 夃 component came to be written 殳, and a 肉 component was added, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːʔ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 夃 (OC *kaːʔ, “thigh”).
Shuowen incorrected considered it Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːʔ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 殳 (OC *djo, “action”) – the hips as an active part of the body.

Han compound

(finance) share; stock (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


肆

(financial) Alternative form of 四 (“four”) (used in official documents or checks to avoid forgery)


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

Like foreclosure, an assignment for the benefit of creditors (ABC) is a creature of state law. ABCs have long been popular in a few states, most notably California and Illinois, but they are beginning to gain traction in other states as a less expensive alternative to bankruptcy.

2010, Pepper Hamilton, “Alternatives to bankruptcy”, in John Wm. Butler, Jr, editor, Navigating Today's Environment: The Directors' and Officers' Guide to Restructuring, Globe White Page Ltd, page 205

w:assignment for the benefit of creditors

(law, finance) Initialism of assignment for the benefit of creditors.


ABC

Agricultural Bank of China
w:Agricultural Bank of China

(finance) Initialism of Agricultural Bank of China.


w/o

(finance, insurance) Abbreviation of write off.


w/o

(finance, insurance) Abbreviation of write-off.


紅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) could be a variant of 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). May be related to 虹 (OC *kroːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, “rainbow”).
Originally referred to lighter shades of red; gradually replaced 赤 (chì, “red”) as the basic color term for "red".

Han compound

分紅／分红

(business, finance) bonus; extra dividend


CD

en-noun

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.

سِي دِي

abbreviation of compact disc — see also compact disc

Banks may offer premium rates on C.D.s to attract deposits, but once they get those deposits, they end the offers.

2023 April 21, Ann Carrns, “Rates on C.D.s Are Soaring, but the High Rates May Not Last”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

certificate of deposit
certificate of deposit#English

(finance) Abbreviation of certificate of deposit.


Buch

de-noun

Buch n (strong, genitive Buches or Buchs, plural Bücher, diminutive Büchlein n or Büchelchen n)

Buches (genitive)
Buchs (genitive)
Bücher (plural)
Büchlein (diminutive neuter)
Büchelchen (diminutive neuter)
Buch (nominative singular)
Bücher (definite nominative plural)
Buches (genitive singular)
Buchs (genitive singular)
Bücher (definite genitive plural)
Buch (dative singular)
Buche (dative singular)
Büchern (dative definite plural)
Buch (accusative singular)
Bücher (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German buoch, from Old High German buoh, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Cognate with English book.

(accounting, usually in the plural) books (accounting records)


貳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njis) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 弍 (OC *njis, “two”).

Han compound

(financial) Alternative form of 二 (èr, “two”)


alpha

en-noun

alpha (countable and uncountable, plural alphas)

From the Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), the first letter of the Greek alphabet, from the Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”). Doublet of alif and aleph.

Coordinate term: beta

Similarly, alphas are 2.33% larger than that of the equivalent monthly alphas using compounded returns while no changes can be found using arithmetic returns.

2001, Cheng-Few Lee, editor, Advances in Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, volume 8, Elsevier, page 174

To investment professionals, “alpha” is the return over and above the market return. If in a given year the S. & P. 500 returns fifteen per cent and an equity-fund manager generates a return of twenty per cent, his alpha is five per cent.

2011 July 18, John Cassidy, “Mastering the Machine”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN

(finance) The return of a given asset or portfolio adjusted for systematic risk.


gamma

gamma (countable and uncountable, plural gammas)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma). Doublet of gimel.

(finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change in delta with respect to changes in the underlying asset price.


theta

→ Malay: teta

Borrowed from Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta).

(finance) The sensitivity of the value of a derivative with respect to time; the "time decay".


epsilon

epsilon (countable and uncountable, plural epsilons or epsila)

From Ancient Greek ἒ ψιλόν (è psilón, “simple Ε”).

uder

(finance) The percentage change in an option value with respect to the underlying dividend yield.


libro

Borrowed from Spanish libro with a shift of stress, from Latin librum (“book”). Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language.


call

en-verb

call (third-person singular simple present calls, present participle calling, simple past and past participle called or (archaic) call'd)

calls (present singular third-person)
calling (participle present)
called (participle past)
called (past)
call'd (archaic participle past)
call'd (archaic past)
call (infinitive)

→ Kashubian: kolowac (United States)

From Middle English callen, from Old English ceallian (“to call, shout”) and Old Norse kalla (“to call; shout; refer to as; name”); both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *golH-so- (“voice, cry”), from *gel(H)- (“to vocalize, call, shout”).
cognates
* Scots call
* caw, ca (“to call, cry, shout”)
* Dutch kallen (“to chat, talk”),
* German kallen (“to call”) obsolete
* Swedish kalla (“to call, refer to, beckon”)
* Norwegian kalle (“to call, name”)
* Danish kalde (“to call, name”)
* Icelandic kalla (“to call, shout, name”)
* Welsh galw (“to call, demand”)
* Polish głos (“voice”)
* Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”)
* Russian голос (golos, “voice”)
* Albanian gjuhë (“language, tongue”).

meegaan

to match or equal the amount of poker chips in the pot as the player that bet

call a spade a spade and a shovel a shovel

call someone everything but a child of God

desperate times call for desperate measures

(transitive, finance) To announce the early extinction of a debt by prepayment, usually at a premium.


call

en-noun

call (countable and uncountable, plural calls)

→ Armenian: քոլ (kʻol)

→ Georgian: ქოლი (koli)

the call is coming from inside the house

認購期權

finance: short for option to buy stock — see also call option

nákupní opce (právo nakoupit akcii za uvedenou cenu)


order

order (countable and uncountable, plural orders)

→ Swahili: oda

From Middle English ordre, from Old French ordre, ordne, ordene (“order, rank”), from Latin ōrdinem, accusative of ōrdō (“row, rank, regular arrangement”, literally “row of threads in a loom”), from Proto-Italic *ordō (“to arrange”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂or-d-, from *h₂er-.
Related to Latin ōrdior (“begin”, literally “begin to weave”). In sense “request for purchase”, compare bespoke. Doublet of ordo.

cog

I then walked to Cochrane's & got an order on Sir Charles Asgill for my money.

1763, James Boswell, edited by Gordon Turnbull, London Journal 1762-1763, Penguin, published 2014, page 233

(finance) A written direction to furnish someone with money or property; compare money order, postal order.


輪

Short for 窩輪／窝轮 (“warrant”), from English warrant.

(Cantonese, finance, in compounds) warrant


AAA

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is of the highest grade with minimal risk of default.


AAA

(finance) The highest credit rating given by debt analysis agencies such as Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and A.M. Best.


beta

en-noun

beta (countable and uncountable, plural betas)

From Ancient Greek βῆτα (bêta). Doublet of beth.

An inspection of the results indicate that Property Trusts is the lowest risk industry with a long-run beta of 0.4520 while Gold is the highest risk industry with a long-run beta of 1.5229.

2001, Cheng-Few Lee, editor, Advances in Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, volume 8, Elsevier, page 143

(finance) Average sensitivity of a security's price to overall securities market prices.


lambda

From Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda). Doublet of lamed.

(finance) The percentage change in an option value divided by the percentage change in the underlying asset's price.


lambda

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda).

bor+

(finance) price elasticity of an option in relation to that of its holder


CC

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is low grade with extremely high risk of default.


mint

en-verb

mint (third-person singular simple present mints, present participle minting, simple past and past participle minted)

mints (present singular third-person)
minting (participle present)
minted (participle past)
minted (past)

From Middle English mynt, münet (“money, coin”), from Old English mynet (“coin”), from late Proto-West Germanic *munit, from Latin monēta (“place for making coins, coined money”), from the temple of Juno Moneta (named for Monēta mother of the Muses), where coins were made. Doublet of money and manat.
The verb is from the noun; Old English mynetian (“to mint”) is a parallel formation.

der

Coordinate term: mine

Beeple’s collaged JPG was made, or “minted,” in February as a “nonfungible token,” or NFT.

2021 March 11, Scott Reyburn, “JPG File Sells for $69 Million, as ‘NFT Mania’ Gathers Pace”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

(transitive, cryptocurrencies) To create a crypto token.


delta

From Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), borrowed from a Phoenician word for "door", ultimately from Proto-Semitic *dalt-. Doublet of dalet.
* (river): from the triangular shape of the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ
* (USSF): from the delta wing, symbol of the USSF, a triangular wing, shaped like the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ

(finance) The rate of change in an option value with respect to the underlying asset's price.


kappa

en-noun

kappa (countable and uncountable, plural kappas)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κάππα (káppa), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *kapp- (“palm, hand”). Doublet of kaph.

lbor

(finance) A measurement of the sensitivity of the value of an option to changes in the implied volatility of the price of the underlying asset.


陸

陆
𤱒
𡽷
𨽐
𨽰
𨽫
𨽱
𠃈

(financial) Alternative form of 六 (“six”)


陸

Fourth grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)


陸

Substitute spelling for 六 (roku, “six”), likely borrowed from similar usage of written Chinese 陸／陆 (“six”).

(financial, archaic) the number six, 6 (used only in legal documents, otherwise 六)


陸

ko-hanja

陸 (eumhun 여섯 륙 (yeoseot ryuk), word-initial (South Korea) 여섯 육 (yeoseot yuk))

(financial) Alternative form of 六 (“hanja form of 륙/육 (“six”)”)


line

→ Scottish Gaelic: loidhne

From Middle English line, lyne, from Old English līne (“line, cable, rope, hawser, series, row, rule, direction”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnā, from Proto-Germanic *līnǭ (“line, rope, flaxen cord, thread”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax, linen”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”).
Influenced in Middle English by Middle French ligne (“line”), from Latin linea. More at linen.
The oldest sense of the word is “rope, cord, thread”; from this the senses “path”, “continuous mark” were derived.

lyn

path through two or more points, threadlike mark

lyn

single horizontal row of text on a screen, printed paper, etc.

linja

measure of length, the main division of an inch or its local equivalent

(stock exchange) A number of shares taken by a jobber.

mstari

stock exchange: number of shares taken by a jobber


FX

FX (canonical)
efu-ekkusu (romanization)

[e̞ɸɯ̟e̞k̚kɯ̟sɨ]

外国為替

外国為替 がいこくかわせ


rho

From the name of the Ancient Greek letter ῥῶ (rhô).

(finance) The sensitivity of the option value to the risk-free interest rate.


黒

⟨kuro₁⟩ → /kuro/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). In turn, from Proto-Japonic *kuro.
Via root morpheme *kur, cognates include:
* 涅 (kuri, “black mud from the bed of a body of water”)
* 暗 (kura, “darkness; deception”), 蔵, 倉, 庫 (kura, “[dark] storehouse”), and 暗い (kurai, “dark”)
* classical verb 暮る (kuru), modern 暮れる (kureru, “to become dark; to near the end [of a day, of a year, of a life”), and 暗れる, 眩れる (kureru, “to become depressed, to become dreary of mood”)
Possibly also cognate with Ainu kur (“shadow”) and Korean 구름 (gureum, “cloud”); compare also Japanese 雲 (kumo, “cloud”), Korean 검— (geom-, “black”), and Ainu kunne (“black; dark”).

particularly grain that has rotted on the stalk

白黒

this and that, so-and-so, such-and-such: unspecified items brought up for criticism

白黒

black and white; monochrome; panic or startled state; confusion; sex show

暮れる

to become dark; to near the end (of a day, of a year, of a life)

晦ます

to conceal oneself, to abscond; to deceive, to fool

暮れ六つ

Edo-period term for a time of day, roughly 6 pm

(accounting) short for 黒字 (kuroji): black as an accounting term, indicating a profit


launder

en-verb

launder (third-person singular simple present launders, present participle laundering, simple past and past participle laundered)

launders (present singular third-person)
laundering (participle present)
laundered (participle past)
laundered (past)

Contracted from Middle English lavender, from Old French lavandiere, from Late Latin lavandena, from Latin lavō (“I wash”).

(money) To disguise the source of (ill-gotten wealth) by various means.


omega

From Middle English, from Ancient Greek ὦ μέγα (ô méga), meaning “great ω” (omega is a long vowel in Ancient Greek).


點

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – black dots.

Han compound

(finance) point (in a stock market index)


account book

(accounting) A book in which accounts are kept; ledger.


accreditare

it-verb

accreditàre (first-person singular present accrédito, first-person singular past historic accreditài, past participle accreditàto, auxiliary avére)

accreditàre (canonical)
accrédito (first-person present singular)
accreditài (first-person historic past singular)
accreditàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
accreditàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
accreditàndo (gerund)
accreditànte (participle present)
accreditàto (participle past)
accrédito (first-person indicative present singular)
accréditi (indicative present second-person singular)
accrédita (indicative present singular third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
accreditàte (indicative plural present second-person)
accréditano (indicative plural present third-person)
accreditàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
accreditàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
accreditàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
accreditavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
accreditavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
accreditàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
accreditài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
accreditàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
accreditò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
accreditàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
accreditàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
accreditàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
accrediterò (first-person future indicative singular)
accrediterài (future indicative second-person singular)
accrediterà (future indicative singular third-person)
accrediterémo (first-person future indicative plural)
accrediteréte (future indicative plural second-person)
accrediterànno (future indicative plural third-person)
accrediterèi (conditional first-person present singular)
accrediterésti (conditional present second-person singular)
accrediterèbbe (conditional present singular third-person)
accrediterébbe (conditional present singular third-person)
accrediterémmo (conditional first-person plural present)
accrediteréste (conditional plural present second-person)
accrediterèbbero (conditional plural present third-person)
accrediterébbero (conditional plural present third-person)
accréditi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
accréditi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
accréditi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
accreditiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
accréditino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
accreditàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
accreditàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
accreditàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
accreditàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
accreditàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
accreditàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
accrédita (imperative second-person singular)
accréditi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
accreditàte (imperative plural second-person)
accréditino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
accreditàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
accréditi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
accreditiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
accreditàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
accréditino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)


hash

From French hacher (“to chop”), from Old French hache (“axe”).

(computing, cryptocurrencies) One guess made by a mining computer in the effort of finding the correct answer which releases the next unit of cryptocurrency; see also hashrate.


profit

en-noun

profit (countable and uncountable, plural profits)

From Middle English profit, from Old French profit (Modern French profit), from Latin prōfectus (“advance, progress, growth, increase, profit”), from proficiō (“to go forward, advance, make progress, be profitable or useful”). Doublet of profect.

der

Let no man anticipate uncertain profits.

1750 Oct. 2, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler

War is a racket. It always has been. It is possibly the oldest, easily the most profitable, surely the most vicious. It is the only one international in scope. It is the only one in which the profits are reckoned in dollars and the losses in lives... Of course, it isn't put that crudely in war time. It is dressed into speeches about patriotism, love of country, and "we must all put our shoulders to the wheel," but the profits jump and leap and skyrocket—and are safely pocketed.

1935, Smedley Butler, War Is a Racket, page 1 & 7

The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies. […] current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate […] “stateless income”: profit subject to tax in a jurisdiction that is neither the location of the factors of production that generate the income nor where the parent firm is domiciled.

2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68

(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.

mənfəət

total income or cash flow minus expenditures


profit

profit (nominative singular)
profity (nominative plural)
profitu (genitive singular)
profitów (genitive plural)
profitowi (dative singular)
profitom (dative plural)
profit (accusative singular)
profity (accusative plural)
profitem (instrumental singular)
profitami (instrumental plural)
proficie (locative singular)
profitach (locative plural)
proficie (singular vocative)
profity (plural vocative)

(literary, accounting, economics) profit (money acquired)


nexus

en-noun

nexus (countable and uncountable, plural nexuses or nexusses or (rare) nexus)

nexuses (plural)
nexusses (plural)
nexus (plural rare)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-nexus.wav

From Latin nexus (“connection, nexus; act of binding, tying or fastening together; something which binds, binding, bond, fastening, joint; legal obligation”), from nectō (“to attach, bind, connect, fasten, tie; to interweave; to relate; to unite; to bind by obligation, make liable, oblige; to compose, contrive, devise, produce”) + -tus (suffix forming verbal nouns).

der

(Canada, US, finance, law) The relationship between a vendor and a jurisdiction for the purpose of taxation, established for example by the vendor operating a physical store in that jurisdiction.


crash

From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash).

suffix

the stock market crash

(finance) A sudden large decline of business or the prices of stocks (especially one that causes additional failures).


cash

en-noun

cash (usually uncountable, plural cashes)

→ Georgian: ქეში (keši)

→ Japanese: キャッシュ (kyasshu)

→ Korean: 캐시 (kaesi)

→ Punjabi: ਕੈਸ਼ (kaiś)

→ Russian: кэш (kɛš)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ке̏ш

Latin script: kȅš

→ Swedish: cash

→ Wu: 開許／开许 (¹khe-shiu)

From late Middle French caisse (“money-box”), itself borrowed from Occitan caissa, from Latin capsa (“box”), ultimately from capiō (“take, seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“grasp”). Doublet of case, chase, and chasse. Compare Spanish caja (“box”).

Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries […].

2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8843, page 68

(uncountable, finance) Liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged.


payroll

(accounting) The calculation of salaries and wages and the deduction of taxes etc.; the department in a company responsible for this.

счетоводство

calculation of salaries and wages, department that does this


lever

en-verb

lever (third-person singular simple present levers, present participle levering, simple past and past participle levered)

levers (present singular third-person)
levering (participle present)
levered (participle past)
levered (past)

From Middle English lever, levore, levour, from Old French leveor, leveur (“a lifter, lever (also Old French and French levier)”), from Latin levātor (“a lifter”), from levō (“to raise”). Doublet of levator.

"The equity holders want you to 'lever up,' use as much debt as you can," said David Stanley, chairman of Kansas City-based Payless Cashways,

1989 June 26, “Corporate America wants its privacy”, in Minneapolis Star-Tribune

(chiefly UK, finance) To increase the share of debt in the capitalization of a business.


gear

gear (third-person singular simple present gears, present participle gearing, simple past and past participle geared)

gears (present singular third-person)
gearing (participle present)
geared (participle past)
geared (past)

From Middle English gere, a borrowing from Old Norse gervi, from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną (“to prepare”). See also adjective yare, yar from the same root via Old English.

der

(finance) To borrow money in order to invest it in assets.


pyramid

en-verb

pyramid (third-person singular simple present pyramids, present participle pyramiding, simple past and past participle pyramided)

pyramids (present singular third-person)
pyramiding (participle present)
pyramided (participle past)
pyramided (past)

From French pyramide, from Old French piramide, from Latin pȳramis, pȳramidis, from Ancient Greek πῡραμίς (pūramís), possibly from πῡρός (pūrós, “wheat”) + ἀμάω (amáō, “reap”) or from Egyptian pr-m-ws (“height of a pyramid”), from pr (“(one that) comes forth”) + m (“from”) + ws (“height”). Schenkel and K. Lang proposed hypothetical Coptic *ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲙ (*piram) or *ⲫⲣⲁⲙ (*phram) derived from Egyptian mr via metathesis as a source of πῡραμίς (pūramís) while Schenkel also suggested it being the source of Arabic هرم although the latter is considered far-fetched by Takacs.

der

Multiply this by the number of shares you traded, and add other positions if you pyramided.

2002, Alexander Elder, Come Into My Trading Room: A Complete Guide to Trading, page 152


Bermudan

Based on the geography of Bermuda, being somewhat European and somewhat American, but closer to American.

This chapter focuses on the pricing of various exotic interest rate derivatives including Bermudan swaptions, constant maturity swaps, trigger swaps, index amortizing swaps, and quantos.

2005, Justin London, Modeling Derivatives in C++, John Wiley & Sons, page 710

A Bermudan callable has several call dates, usually coinciding with coupon dates.

2006, Business Knowledge for IT in Investment Banking: A complete handbook for IT Professionals (UK Edition), Essvale Corporation Limited, page 13

Multi-dimensional option pricing becomes an important topic in financial markets (Franker et al., 2008). Among which, the American-type derivative (e.g. the Bermudan option) pricing is a challenging problem.

2009, Shih-Feng Huang, Meihui Guo, Applied Quantitative Finance (Second Edition), Springer, page 295

(finance, of an option) That can be exercised on specific dates between the issue date and the expiry date.


risk

en-noun

risk (countable and uncountable, plural risks)

From earlier risque, from Middle French risque, from Old Italian risco (“risk”) (modern Italian rischio) and rischiare (“to run into danger”). Displaced native Old English pleoh (“risk”) and plēon (“to risk”).
speculation on earlier roots
Most dictionaries consider the etymology of these Italian terms uncertain, but some suggest they perhaps come from Vulgar Latin *resecum (“that which cuts, rock, crag”) (> Medieval Latin resicu), from Latin resecō (“cut off, loose, curtail”, verb), in the sense of that which is a danger to boating or shipping; or from Ancient Greek ῥιζικόν (rhizikón, “root, radical, hazard”).
A few dictionaries express more certainty. Collins says the Italian risco comes from Ancient Greek ῥίζα (rhíza, “cliff”) due to the hazards of sailing along rocky coasts. The American Heritage says it probably comes from Byzantine Greek ῥιζικό, ριζικό (rhizikó, rizikó, “sustenance obtained by a soldier through his own initiative, fortune”), from Arabic رِزْق (rizq, “sustenance, that which God allots”), from Classical Syriac ܪܘܙܝܩܐ ,ܪܙܩܐ (rezqā, rōzīqā, “daily ration”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (rōčig), from Middle Persian [script needed] (rōč, “day”), from Old Persian [script needed] (*raučah-), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-.
Cognate with Spanish riesgo, Portuguese risco

der

ῥιζικό, ριζικό

ܪܘܙܝܩܐ ,ܪܙܩܐ

A good credit rating indicates the customer is a desirable risk.

(countable) A thing (from the perspective of how likely or unlikely it is to cause an adverse effect).

(banking, finance) A borrower (such as a mortgage-holder or person with a credit card).

Subprime mortgages are poor risks; especially for a pension scheme.

(finance) A financial product (typically an investment).


fork

Sranan Tongo: forku

→ Dutch: fork

→ Japanese: フォーク (fōku)

→ Kannada: ಫೋರ್ಕ್ (phōrk)

→ Korean: 포크 (pokeu)

→ Maori: paoka

→ Tamil: போர்க் (pōrk)

→ Telugu: ఫోర్క్ (phōrk)

From Middle English forke (“digging fork”), from Old English force, forca (“forked instrument used to torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *furkō (“fork”), from Latin furca (“pitchfork, forked stake; gallows, beam, stake, support post, yoke”), of uncertain origin. The Middle English word was later reinforced by Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French forque (= Old French forche whence French fourche), also from the Latin. Cognate also with North Frisian forck (“fork”), Dutch vork (“fork”), Danish fork (“fork”), German Forke (“pitchfork”). Displaced native gafol, ġeafel, ġeafle (“fork”), from Old English.
In its primary sense of “fork”, Latin furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In other senses this derivation is unlikely. For these, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

tienhaara

figurative: point in time of making a decision

odnož

computer science: copying and separately developing a project

bifurcació

computer science: a separately developed project based upon a copy of an existing project

a three-prong spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork

Known as a “fork”, the new version of bitcoin (dubbed Bitcoin XT) would support more transactions per hour, at the cost of increasing the amount of memory required to hold a full database of all the bitcoin transactions throughout history, known as the blockchain.

2015 August 17, Alex Hern, “Bitcoin's forked: chief scientist launches alternative proposal for the currency”, in The Guardian

(cryptocurrencies) A split in a blockchain resulting from protocol disagreements, or a branch of the blockchain resulting from such a split.


share

→ Thai: แชร์ (chɛɛ)

From Middle English schare, schere, from Old English sċearu (“a cutting, shaving, a shearing, tonsure, part, division, share”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaru, from Proto-Germanic *skarō (“a division, detachment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian skar, sker (“a share in a communal pasture”), Dutch schare (“share in property”), German Schar (“band, troop, party, company”), Icelandic skor (“department”). Compare shard, shear. Doublet of eschel.

cog

financial instrument
financial instrument

(finance) A financial instrument that shows that one owns a part of a company that provides the benefit of limited liability.


share

(finance) share (financial instrument that shows that one owns a part of a company)


bang

en-verb

bang (third-person singular simple present bangs, present participle banging, simple past and past participle banged)

bangs (present singular third-person)
banging (participle present)
banged (participle past)
banged (past)
bang (infinitive)

From Middle English *bangen, from Old English *bangian or borrowed from Old Norse banga (“to pound, hammer”); both from Proto-Germanic *bangōną (“to beat, pound”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰen- (“to beat, hit, injure”). Cognate with Scots bang, bung (“to strike, bang, hurl, thrash, offend”), Icelandic banga (“to pound, hammer”), Old Swedish bånga ("to hammer"; whence modern Swedish banka (“to knock, pound, bang”)), Danish banke (“to beat”), bengel (“club”), Low German bangen, bangeln (“to strike, beat”), West Frisian bingel, bongel, Dutch bengel (“bell; rascal”), German Bengel (“club”), bungen (“to throb, pulsate”).
In the sense of a fringe of hair, from bang off.
In the sense of abrupt left turn, from Boston left and associated risk of a crash.

gl

"to hammer"; whence modern Swedish <i class="Latn mention" lang="sv">banka</i> (“to knock, pound, bang”)

Audio (US)

This accompt has been made to appear a bull accompt, i.e. that the bulls cannot take their stock. The fact is the reverse; it is a bear accompt, but the bears, unable to deliver their stock, have conjointly banged the market, and pocketed the tickets, to defeat the rise and loss that would have ensued to them by their buying on a rising price on the accompt day […]

1821, Bank of England, The Bank - The Stock Exchange - The Bankers ..., page 64

[…] the London "Bears" have promptly banged the market again […]

(finance, transitive, dated) To depress the prices in (a market).


wash

en-noun

wash (countable and uncountable, plural washes)

From Middle English wasshen, waschen, weschen, from Old English wasċan, from Proto-West Germanic *waskan, from Proto-Germanic *waskaną, *watskaną (“to wash, get wet”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“wet; water”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian waaske (“to wash”), West Frisian waskje (“to wash”), Dutch wassen, wasschen (“to wash”), Low German waschen (“to wash”), German waschen (“to wash”), Danish vaske (“to wash”), Norwegian Bokmål vaske (“to wash”), Swedish vaska (“to wash”), Icelandic vaska (“to wash”).

der

(finance, slang) A fictitious kind of sale of stock or other securities between parties of one interest, or by a broker who is both buyer and seller, and who minds his own interest rather than that of his clients.


ERP

en-noun

ERP (countable and uncountable, plural ERPs)

equity risk premium
w:Equity risk premium

(finance) Initialism of equity risk premium.

(finance) Initialism of estimated retail price.


tap

The noun is derived from Middle English tappe (“hollow device for controlling the flow of liquid from a hole, cock, faucet, spigot; hole through which the liquid flows; the liquid which thus flows”), from Old English tæppa, from Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“a plug, tap; peg; tapering stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to lose; to sacrifice”).
The verb is derived from Middle English tappen (“to obtain (liquid, chiefly liquor) from a tap; to obtain and sell (liquor)”), from Old English tæppian (“to provide (a container) with a stopper; to obtain (liquid) from a tap”), and then either:
* from Old English tæppa (see above) + -ian (suffix forming verbs); or
* from Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from *tappô (noun) (see above).
Verb sense 1.3.5 (“to turn over (a playing card or playing piece) to remind players that it has already been used in that round”) alludes to the abilities or resources of the card or piece having been drawn on to the point of temporary exhaustion: see verb sense 1.3.2.

rubinet

hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid — see also faucet

bond tap    tap issue

(finance) A situation where a borrowing government authority issues bonds over a period of time, usually at a fixed price, with volumes sold on a particular day dependent on market conditions.


sunspot

(finance) A random shock in the foreign exchange currency market.


tau

Hospital Brothers of Saint Anthony
Trần Thanh Vân

From Middle English tau, taue, from Latin tau, from Ancient Greek ταῦ (taû) and Hebrew תָּו (tav).
Sense 6 (“mathematical constant equal to 2π”) was used by Joseph M. Lindenberg in 1991, and popularized by the American educator and entrepreneur Michael Hartl in a 2010 paper which explains that τ resembles π; and that τ is the Greek equivalent of t, the first letter of turn, and 2π corresponds to one turn of a circle with a radius of one unit.
Sense 8.1 (“short for tau lepton or tau particle”) was coined by the American physicist Martin Lewis Perl (1927–2014) after the first letter of Ancient Greek τρίτον (tríton, “third”), since the tau lepton or tauon was the third charged lepton discovered.

sequence box

Ancient Greek Alphabet

<big>Τ τ </big>
Ancient Greek: ταῦ

croix en tau

Saint Anthony’s cross — see also Saint Anthony's cross

(finance) A measurement of the sensitivity of the value of an option to changes in the implied volatility of the price of the underlying asset.


miner

From mine + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (occupational suffix).

Coordinate term: staker

The move would have probably prevented Kazakhstan-based miners from accessing the bitcoin network.

2022 January 6, “Kazakhstan internet shutdown deals blow to global bitcoin mining operation”, in The Guardian

(cryptocurrencies) Software or hardware that mines, or creates new units of cryptocurrency.

(cryptocurrencies) A person who mines cryptocurrency.


weak

en-adj

weak (comparative weaker, superlative weakest)

weaker (comparative)
weakest (superlative)

healthy

antonym(s) of “lacking in force or ability”

potent

antonym(s) of “lacking in taste or potency”

From Middle English weyk, wayk, weik, waik, from Old Norse veikr (“weak”), from Proto-Germanic *waikwaz (“weak, yielded, pliant, bendsome”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend, wind”).
Cognate with Old English wāc (“weak, bendsome”), Saterland Frisian wook (“soft, gentle, tender”), West Frisian weak (“soft”), Dutch week (“soft, weak”), German weich (“weak, soft”), Norwegian veik (“weak”), Swedish vek (“weak, pliant”), Icelandic veikur (“bendsome, weak”). Related to Old English wīcan (“to yield”). Doublet of week and wick.

cog

the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak

the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must

a weak market; wheat is weak at present

(stock exchange) Tending towards lower prices.


cent

→ Cantonese: 仙 (sin¹)

→ Catalan: cent

→ French: cent

→ Georgian: ცენტი (cenṭi)

→ Hebrew: סנט (sent)

→ Italian: cent

→ Korean: 센트 (senteu)

→ Min Nan: 仙 (sian)

→ Polish: cent

→ Samoan: sene
→ English: sene

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: це̏нт

Latin script: cȅnt

→ Swahili: senti

→ Swedish: cent

Tok Pisin: sen
→ Rotokas: sieri

From Middle English cent, from Old French cent, from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

It's true. 1.7 cents to make 1 cent. That really makes the phrase “you have to spend money to make money” ring painfully true.

2015 November 22, “Pennies”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 35, John Oliver (actor), via HBO

(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the main unit of currency in many countries. Symbol: ¢.

(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the euro.

(money) A coin having face value of one cent (in either of the above senses).


cent

Borrowed from English cent. These senses of the word cent in Catalan derive from the inversion of meaning that took place in English where it was used to indicate one hundredth.

cèntim

a subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the base unit

(money) cent (a subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the euro)


cent

nl-noun

cent f (plural centen, diminutive centje n)

centen (plural)
centje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sent

Berbice Creole Dutch: sent

→ Caribbean Javanese: sèn

→ Indonesian: sen

→ Papiamentu: sèn, cens

→ Sranan Tongo: sensi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: señs

→ Saramaccan: seén

Either a borrowing from English cent or a shortened borrowed from French centime.

(money) cent, a subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the main unit of the Dutch guilder

(money) cent, a subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the euro


cent

Haitian Creole: san

→ Arabic: سنت (sant)

→ Garifuna: san

Borrowed from English cent, itself from Old French.

(money) cent (one-hundredth of a dollar or of a euro)


cent

centek (plural)
cent (nominative singular)
centek (nominative plural)
centet (accusative singular)
centeket (accusative plural)
centnek (dative singular)
centeknek (dative plural)
centtel (instrumental singular)
centekkel (instrumental plural)
centért (causal-final singular)
centekért (causal-final plural)
centté (singular translative)
centekké (plural translative)
centig (singular terminative)
centekig (plural terminative)
centként (essive-formal singular)
centekként (essive-formal plural)
centben (inessive singular)
centekben (inessive plural)
centen (singular superessive)
centeken (plural superessive)
centnél (adessive singular)
centeknél (adessive plural)
centbe (illative singular)
centekbe (illative plural)
centre (singular sublative)
centekre (plural sublative)
centhez (allative singular)
centekhez (allative plural)
centből (elative singular)
centekből (elative plural)
centről (delative singular)
centekről (delative plural)
centtől (ablative singular)
centektől (ablative plural)
centé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
centeké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
centéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
centekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
centem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
centjeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
cented (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
centjeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
centje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
centjei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
centünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
centjeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
centetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
centjeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
centjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
centjeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


turn

→ Japanese: ターン (tān)

Partly from Anglo-Norman *torn, from Latin turnus, from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos), and partly an action noun from the verb turn.

պտույտ

movement about an axis ending up with the same orientation

360° turn

movement about an axis returning to the original orientation

the first turn of the screw pays all debts

There are usually at least two jobbers who specialise in the leading stocks, and this acts to keep the jobber's turn to a reasonable amount […]

1977, Michael Arthur Firth, Valuation of Shares and the Efficient-markets Theory, page 11

(UK, finance, historical) The profit made by a stockjobber, being the difference between the buying and selling prices.

siivu

finance: profit made by a stockjobber, difference between the buying and selling prices


transport

transport (nominative singular)
transporty (nominative plural)
transportu (genitive singular)
transportów (genitive plural)
transportowi (dative singular)
transportom (dative plural)
transport (accusative singular)
transporty (accusative plural)
transportem (instrumental singular)
transportami (instrumental plural)
transporcie (locative singular)
transportach (locative plural)
transporcie (singular vocative)
transporty (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: transpòrt

Borrowed from French transport. First attested in 1661. Compare Silesian transport.

ref

Merkuriusz polski ordynaryjny, 1661, page 16

(uncountable, finances) transfer (relocation of a sum from one side of an account or ledger to another)


carry

From Middle English carrien, from Anglo-Norman carier (modern French charrier); from a derivative of Latin carrus (“four-wheeled baggage wagon”), ultimately of Gaulish origin.

der

The carry on this trade is 25 basis points per annum.

(finance) The benefit or cost of owning an asset over time.


focus

en-verb

focus (third-person singular simple present focuses or focusses, present participle focusing or focussing, simple past and past participle focused or focussed)

focuses (present singular third-person)
focusses (present singular third-person)
focusing (participle present)
focussing (participle present)
focused (participle past)
focused (past)
focussed (participle past)
focussed (past)

Borrowed from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”); see there for more. Doublet of fuel.
Kepler introduced the term into mathematics and the sciences in describing elliptical orbits of planets (quote from Nicholas Mee) :
"One of the interesting properties of an ellipse is that if there were a light bulb at one focus, then all the light that it emits would reflect off the ellipse and converge at the other focus. This is why Kepler originally used the name focus for these points."

bor+

Whole pages of it are filled with masses of figures, generally single numbers added up in batches, and then the totals added in batches again, as though he were "focusing" some account, as the auditors put it.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 67

(accounting, formerly) To aggregate figures of accounts.


derogatory

/dɪˈɹɒɡətɹi/

/dɪˈɹɑɡətɔɹi/

Borrowed from Late Latin dērogātōrius, from Latin dērogāre; corresponding to derogate + -ory.

(business, finance) A tradeline on a credit report that indicates negative credit history.


exotic

en-adj

exotic (comparative more exotic, superlative most exotic)

more exotic (comparative)
most exotic (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French exotique, from Latin exōticus, from Ancient Greek ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”, literally “from the outside”), from ἐξω- (exō-, “outside”), from ἐξ (ex, “out of”).

مجلوب

foreign, with the connotation of excitingly foreign

(finance) Being or relating to an option with features that make it more complex than commonly traded options.


naked

en-adj

naked (comparative more naked, superlative most naked)

more naked (comparative)
most naked (superlative)

From Middle English naked, from Old English nacod, from Proto-West Germanic *nak(k)wad, from Proto-Germanic *nakwadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked”).

a naked put; a naked call

(finance, of a derivative contract) Where the writer (seller) does not own the underlying asset to cover the contract.


local

From Middle English local, from Late Latin locālis (“belonging to a place”), possibly also via Old French local; ultimately from Latin locus (“a place”).
The ring-theoretic senses derive from Krull, who first referred to Noetherian commutative rings with a unique maximal ideal as "Stellenring" (Stellen (“place”) + ring) in 1938. The term was inspired by algebraic geometry, where local rings encode information about the behavior of curves (surfaces, etc.) at points; hence, describe "local" behavior.

der

On most futures exchanges, there are two major types of futures traders/members: commission brokers and locals.

2009, R. Stafford Johnson, Bond Evaluation, Selection, and Management, page 316

(finance) An independent trader who acts for themselves rather than on behalf of investors.


unicorn

From Middle English unicorne, unikorn, from Anglo-Norman unicorne, Old French unicorne, and their source, Latin ūnicornis, from ūnus (“one”) + cornū (“horn”). Other senses from either rarity (e.g., possessing multiple skills) or by physical resemblance to having a horn (e.g., howitzer). The finance sense was coined by American investor Aileen Lee and first used in a 2013 article.

Coordinate term: decacorn

As the price of Web hosting plummeted and PCs and cell phones proliferated, college and grad-school dropouts like Mark Zuckerberg or Larry Page and Sergey Brin could suddenly conjure unicorns on their laptops.

2016 October 3, Tad Friend, “Sam Altman’s Manifest Destiny”, in The New Yorker

In May 2016, out of 163 global unicorns, China had 31, with a total valuation of $154 billion or about 26 percent of global unicorn valuation.

2017, Pongsak Hoontrakul, Economic Transformation and Business Opportunities in Asia, Springer, page 273

en:someone or something rare and hard to find

Someone or something that is rare and hard to find.

(finance) A startup company whose valuation has exceeded one billion U.S. dollars, which is solely backed by venture capitalists, and which has yet to have an IPO.


unicorn

en-verb

unicorn (third-person singular simple present unicorns, present participle unicorning, simple past and past participle unicorned)

unicorns (present singular third-person)
unicorning (participle present)
unicorned (participle past)
unicorned (past)

Since Waze, Soluto and Onavo, both Israeli startups, have had great exits in consumer tech, and Wix “unicorned” through its IPO.

2014 November 3, Itay Hod, “The Airbnb of Home-Cooked Meals”, in Daily Beast

For eager investors looking to score in a future IPO, the eight still-private martech unicorns might be tempting. That list includes Domo, Slack, Sprinklr, Shopify, and EventBrite, all of which have “unicorned,” or surpassed the billion-dollar valuation mark, in the past year or two.

2015 April 30, John Koetsier, “29 martech unicorns: There are now almost 30 $1B+ marketing technology vendors”, in Venture Beat

For instance, at the same time as Intercom was announcing its unicorning moment, a young Dublin tech company called Let's Get Checked (letsgetchecked.com) raised €10m in a funding round.

2018 April 1, Adrian Weckler, “Admit it: Irish tech is on the up”, in The Independent

(finance) To exceed a valuation of one billion U.S. dollars, while solely backed by venture capitalists.


buck

From Middle English bukke, bucke, buc, from Old English buc, bucc, bucca (“he-goat, stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, *bukkō, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, *bukkô (“buck”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”). Doublet of puck (billy goat).
Currency-related senses hail from American English, a clipping of buckskin as a unit of trade among Indians and Europeans in frontier days (attested from 1748).
The idea of rigidly standing implements is instilled by Dutch bok (“sawhorse”) as in zaagbok (“sawbuck”).
The sense of an object indicating someone’s turn then occurred in American English, possibly originating from the game poker, where a knife (typically with a hilt made from a stag horn) was used as a place-marker to signify whose turn it was to deal. The place-marker was commonly referred to as a buck, which reinforced the term “pass the buck” used in poker, and eventually a silver dollar was used in place of a knife, which also led to a dollar being referred to as a buck.

A unit of a particular currency
(finance) One million dollars.

A unit of a particular currency
One million dollars.


underwater

en-adj

underwater (comparative more underwater, superlative most underwater)

more underwater (comparative)
most underwater (superlative)

/ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/

We've been underwater on our mortgage ever since the housing crash.

You're underwater. The best thing you can do is just walk away. Let the bank take it back.

2013 May 13, Underwater (Bates Motel), episode 9 (Television), spoken by Matt Bronstein (Matthew MacCaull), via A&E

(finance) Having negative equity; owing more on an asset than its market value.

(finance) Of an option, having a strike price higher (call options) or lower (put options) than the current market price of the underlying asset or financial product; for example, an option to buy shares at $20 when the current market price is $15.


job

en-verb

job (third-person singular simple present jobs, present participle jobbing, simple past and past participle jobbed)

jobs (present singular third-person)
jobbing (participle present)
jobbed (participle past)
jobbed (past)

From the phrase jobbe of work (“piece of work”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of Middle English gobbe (“mass, lump”); or perhaps related to Middle English jobben (“to jab, thrust, peck”), or Middle English choppe (“piece, bargain”). More at gob, jab, chop.

der

(transitive, trading) To buy and sell for profit, as securities; to speculate in.


per

Laskumme 1 000 e per 15.6.

Our invoice for Eur 1,000 due on 15 June

Tilin saldo per 31.12.

(business, accounting) per (indicating date, due date, date of maturity, etc.)


peg

From Middle English pegge, from Middle Dutch pegge (“pin, peg”), from Old Dutch *pigg-, *pegg-, from Proto-Germanic *pig-, *pag- (“peg, stake”), from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“club, pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Dutch dialectal peg (“pin”), Low German pig, pigge (“peg, stick with a point”), Low German pegel (“post, stake”), Swedish pigg (“tooth, spike”), Danish pig (“spike”), Norwegian Bokmål pigg (“spike”), Irish bac (“stick, crook”), Latin baculum (“staff”), Latvian bakstît (“to poke”), Ancient Greek βάκτρον (báktron, “staff, walking stick”). Related to beak.
This is one of the very few English words that begin with a p and come from Proto-Germanic. Proto-Germanic *p, when not in a consonant cluster beginning with *s, developed by Grimm's law from the Proto-Indo-European consonant *b, which was very rare.
(To indicate or ascribe an attribute to):: Assumed to originate from the use of pegs or pins as markers on a bulletin board or a list.

sense

The following became obvious quite quickly – the cryptosphere needed a nonvolatile peg.

2022, Simon Dingle, Steven Boykey Sidley, chapter 7, in Beyond Bitcoin, Icon Books

(finance) A fixed exchange rate, where a currency's value is matched to the value of another currency or measure such as gold.


credit

en-verb

credit (third-person singular simple present credits, present participle crediting, simple past and past participle credited)

credits (present singular third-person)
crediting (participle present)
credited (participle past)
credited (past)
credit (infinitive)

Borrowed from Middle French crédit (“belief, trust”), from Latin crēditum (“a loan, credit”), neuter of crēditus, past participle of crēdere (“to believe”). The verb is from the noun. Doublet of shraddha, creed.

Credit accounts receivable with the amount of the invoice.

For the payroll period credit employees' tips to their wages paid account and debit their minimum wage payable account.

The full amount of the purchase has been credited to your account.

(transitive, accounting) To add to an account.


credit

en-noun

credit (countable and uncountable, plural credits)

In view of your payment record, we are happy to extend further credit to you.

(uncountable, law, business, finance) A privilege of delayed payment extended to a buyer or borrower on the seller's or lender's belief that what is given will be repaid.

(accounting) An addition to certain accounts; the side of an account on which payments received are entered.


movimento

From mover + -imento, perhaps based partly on Medieval Latin mōvimentum, from Latin moveō, from Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”).


bon

ms-noun

bon (Jawi spelling بون, plural bon-bon, informal 1st possessive bonku, 2nd possessive bonmu, 3rd possessive bonnya)

بون (Jawi)
bon-bon (plural)
bonku (first-person informal possessive)
bonmu (possessive second-person)
bonnya (possessive third-person)

(finance) bond: documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract.


tender

nl-noun

tender m (plural tenders, diminutive tendertje n)

tenders (plural)
tendertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: tender

Het bedrijf heeft een tender ingediend om een bouwproject uit te voeren.

The company submitted a tender to carry out a construction project.


tender

id-noun

tèndêr (first-person possessive tenderku, second-person possessive tendermu, third-person possessive tendernya)

tèndêr (canonical)
tenderku (first-person possessive)
tendermu (possessive second-person)
tendernya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch tender: from English tender, from Middle English tendren, from Old French tendre (“stretch out”), from Latin tendere, present active infinitive of tendō.

(trading) tender, anything which is offered, proffered, put forth or bid with the expectation of a response, answer, or reply.


lamb

en-noun

lamb (countable and uncountable, plural lambs or (both dialectal) lamber or lambren)

lambs (plural)
lamber (dialectal plural)
lambren (dialectal plural)

From Middle English lamb, from Old English lamb, from Proto-West Germanic *lamb, from Proto-Germanic *lambaz, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁l̥h₁onbʰos, enlargement of *h₁elh₁én, ultimately from *h₁el-.
See also Dutch lam, German Lamm, Bavarian Lamperl, Danish lam, Swedish lamm, Finnish lammas, Scottish Gaelic lon (“elk”), Ancient Greek ἔλαφος (élaphos, “red deer”). More at elk.

cog

March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb

one may as well hang for a sheep as a lamb

(finance, slang) One who ignorantly speculates on the stock exchange and is victimized.


duration

en-noun

duration (countable and uncountable, plural durations)

/djʊˈɹeɪʃn̩/

/dʒʊˈɹeɪʃn̩/

/djəˈɹeɪʃn̩/

From Middle English duracioun, from late Old French duracion, from Medieval Latin dūrātiō.

(finance) A measure of the sensitivity of the price of a financial asset to changes in interest rates, computed for a simple bond as a weighted average of the maturities of the interest and principal payments associated with it.


actual

actual (countable and uncountable, plural actuals)

From Middle English actual, actuel (“active”), from Anglo-Norman actuel, actual, and its source Late Latin actuālis (“active, practical”), from Latin actus (“act, action, performance”), from agere (“to do; to act”) + -alis (“-al”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from the root *h₂eǵ-.

der

(finance) something actually received; real receipts, as distinct from estimated ones.


tape

en-noun

tape (countable and uncountable, plural tapes)

→ Danish: tape

→ Dutch: tape

→ Hausa: têf

→ Hindi: टेप (ṭep)

→ Irish: téip

→ Japanese: テープ (tēpu)

→ Korean: 테이프 (teipeu)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: tape, teip

Nynorsk: tape, teip

→ Swahili: tepe, tepu

→ Swedish: tape, tejp

→ Thai: เทป (téep)

→ Tibetan: ཊེབ (ṭeb)

→ Turkish: teyp

→ Urdu:

→ Phalura: ṭeép

→ Welsh: tâp

From Middle English tape, tappe, from Old English tæppa, tæppe (“ribbon, tape”). Probably akin to Old Frisian tapia (“to pull, rip, tear”), Middle Low German tappen, tāpen (“to grab, pull, rip, tear, snatch”), Middle High German zāfen, zāven (“to pull, tear”).

cog

Don’t fight the tape.

(trading, from ticker tape) The series of prices at which a financial instrument trades.


red herring

en-noun

red herring (plural red herrings or red herring)

red herrings (plural)
red herring (plural)

One possible origin of the idiom was that red herring were used to train dogs to track scents. This was true, but the modern meaning of a false trail may have been popularised in a news story by English journalist William Cobbett, c. 1805, in which he claimed that as a boy he used a red herring (a cured and salted herring) to mislead hounds following a trail; the story served as an extended metaphor for the London press, which had earned Cobbett's ire by publishing false news accounts regarding Napoleon. The OED has another possible earlier origin in the legacy of clergyman Jasper Mayne in 1672 when he misled a servant by leaving him "Somewhat that would make him Drink after his Death" in a large trunk. When the trunk was opened, the contents were found to be red herring.
(soldier): An allusion to soldiers' red uniforms; soldier is, reciprocally, a slang term for the fish.

neither fish, flesh, nor good red herring

red herring prospectus
red herring prospectus


aggressive

en-adj

aggressive (comparative more aggressive, superlative most aggressive)

more aggressive (comparative)
most aggressive (superlative)

From aggress + -ive. Compare with French agressif.

rīrā

Spreading rapidly of a disease or tumour

an aggressive stock; an aggressive portfolio

(finance) Involving high risk for potentially high reward.


stuffing

en-noun

stuffing (countable and uncountable, plural stuffings)

(US, finance, law) A tax loophole whereby a corporation acquires property that will result in a loss of revenue, purely in order to reduce its tax liability.


walk

From Middle English walk, walke, walc, from Old English *wealc (as in Old English wealcspinl) and ġewealc (“a rolling motion, attack”), from Proto-Germanic *walką. Cognate with Icelandic válk (“a rolling around, a tossing to and fro, trouble, distress”).

cog

(UK, finance, slang, dated) A cheque drawn on a bank that was not a member of the London Clearing and whose sort code was allocated on a one-off basis; they had to be "walked" (hand-delivered by messengers).


rédemption

Learned borrowing from Latin redemptiōnem. Doublet of rançon.


stale

en-adj

stale (comparative staler, superlative stalest)

staler (comparative)
stalest (superlative)

From Middle English stale, from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), but probably originally from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): compare West Flemish stel in the same sense for ‘beer’ and ‘urine’.

Stale cheque,...a cheque which has remained unpaid for some considerable time.

1901, Business Terms & Phrases, second edition, 199

(finance) Out of date, unpaid for an unreasonable amount of time, particularly in reference to checks.


conventional

(finance) A conventional gilt-edged security, a kind of bond paying the holder a fixed cash payment (or coupon) every six months until maturity, at which point the holder receives the final payment and the return of the principal.


spot

→ Catalan: espot

From Middle English spot, spotte, partially from Middle Dutch spotte (“spot, speck”), and partially merging with Middle English splot, from Old English splott (“spot, plot of land”), from Proto-West Germanic *splott, from Proto-Germanic *spluttaz (“segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *splt-no- (“an off-split, segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to split”). Cognate with North Frisian spot (“speck, piece of ground”), Low German spot (“speck”), Old Norse spotti (“small piece”). See also splot, splotch.

cog

Twelve spot two five pounds sterling. ― £12.25


spot

spot wheat

spot cash

a spot contract

(commerce, finance) Available on the spot; for immediate payment or delivery.


candlestick

Sranan Tongo: kandratiki

From Middle English candelstik, candelstikke, from Old English candelsticca (“candlestick”), equivalent to candle + stick. Cognate with Scots candilsteke, candilstik (“candlestick”). Compare Old Norse kertastika, kertistika (“candlestick”).

inh

(finance) A color-coded bar showing the open and closing prices of a stock on a candlestick chart.


AFC

(finance) Initialism of additional finance charges.


whale

From Middle English whale, from Old English hwæl (“whale”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwal, from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz (“whale”) (compare German Wal, Swedish val, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hval, Norwegian Nynorsk kval; compare also Dutch walvis, West Frisian walfisk, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”) (compare German Wels, Latin squalus (“big sea fish”), Old Prussian kalis, Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)).

If the banks knew how big Archegos’s position was, they may have realized other banks were supplying it with the same leverage — and reconsidered the trade. But a set of worrisome regulatory loopholes kept them from detecting this lurking whale.

2021 May 18, Alexis Goldstein, “These Invisible Whales Could Sink the Economy”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

(finance, figuratively, informal) An investor who deals with very large amounts of money.


private

en-adj

private (comparative more private, superlative most private)

more private (comparative)
most private (superlative)

→ Punjabi: ਪ੍ਰਾਈਵੇਟ (prāīveṭ)

→ Welsh: preifat

From Latin prīvātus (“bereaved, deprived, set apart from, release”), perfect passive participle of prīvō (“I bereave, deprive, release”), from prīvus (“private, one's own, peculiar”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per; compare prime, prior, pristine. Doublet of privy.

der

private equity

Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.

2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70


strap

en-noun

strap (countable and uncountable, plural straps)

→ Japanese: ストラップ (sutorappu)

From a variant of earlier strope (“loop on a harness”), from Middle English strope, stropp, from Late Old English strop, stropp (“a band, thong, strap; oar-thong”) and Old French estrope (“strap, loop on a harness”), both from Latin stroppus, struppus (“strap”), from Ancient Greek στρόφος (stróphos, “rope”), from στρέφω (stréphō, “to twist”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *strebʰ- (compare Proto-West Germanic *stroppōn (“to twist, writhe”)). Cognate with Scots strap, strop (“strap, band, thong”), Dutch strop (“noose, strop, loop”), Low German Strop (“strap”), German Struppe, Strüppe, Strippe (“string, cord”), Danish strop (“strap”), Swedish stropp (“strap, loop”).

ремък

a long, narrow, pliable strip of leather, cloth, or the like

ивица

a narrow strip of anything, as of iron or brass

(finance) An investment strategy involving simultaneous trade with one put and two call options on the same security at the same strike price, similar to but more bullish than a straddle.


ceiling

From Middle English celing (“paneling; (bed) cover or hanging”), from celen (“to cover or panel walls”) (from Old French celer (“to conceal”)) + -ing (gerund-forming suffix).

inh

(finance) The maximum permitted level in a financial transaction.


yard

I need to hedge a yard of yen.

(finance) 10⁹, A short scale billion; a long scale thousand millions or milliard.


passive

en-adj

passive (comparative more passive, superlative most passive)

more passive (comparative)
most passive (superlative)

From Middle English passyf, passyve, from Middle French, French passif, from Latin passivus (“serving to express the suffering of an action; in late Latin literally capable of suffering or feeling”), from passus, past participle of pati (“to suffer”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hurt”); compare patient.

der

(finance) Not participating in management.


exchange

en-noun

exchange (countable and uncountable, plural exchanges)

From Middle English eschaunge, borrowed from Anglo-Norman eschaunge, from Old French eschange (whence modern French échange), from the verb eschanger, from Vulgar Latin *excambiāre, present active infinitive of *excambiō (from Latin ex with Late Latin cambiō). Spelling later changed on the basis of ex- in English. By surface analysis, ex- + change.

(finance) The difference between the values of money in different places.


essay

Since late 16th century, borrowed from Middle French essay, essai (“essay”), meaning coined by Montaigne in the same time, from the same words in earlier meanings 'experiment; assay; attempt', from Old French essay, essai, assay, assai, from Latin exagium (“weight; weighing, testing on the balance”), from exigere + -ium.

der

(philately, finance) A proposed design for a postage stamp or a banknote.


holiday

From Middle English halyday, holyday, halidei, haliȝdei, from Old English hāliġdæġ (“holy day, Sabbath”), equivalent to holy + day. Compare West Frisian hjeldei (“holiday”), Danish helligdag (“holiday”), Norwegian helligdag (“holiday”), Swedish helgdag (“holiday, feast”).

inh

a mortgage payment holiday

(finance) A period during which, by agreement, the usual payments are not made.

haladék

finance: period during which, by agreement, the usual payments are not made


Euro-

Shortened unetymologically from Europe or Europo- in compounds. 20th-century formation, perhaps echoing terms like Afro-, Indo-, Sino- etc.
An early attestation is the 1911 title The "Euro-Asian" or "Anglo-Indian", but the word Eurasian is attested in English from 1844.
In finance, the term is a generalisation of Eurobond, which originally referred to bonds denominated in dollars but issued in Europe.

Euro- + Sterling → Eurosterling

Eurocurrency markets are active in other major currencies as well, including Eurosterling, Euroyen, and euro-denominated Eurocurrencies (sometimes called “Euroeuros”).

2012, Kirt C. Butler, Multinational Finance: Evaluating Opportunities, Costs, and Risks of Operations, John Wiley & Sons

(finance, of a financial instrument) Denominated in a currency other than that of the country in which it is issued.


panic

en-noun

panic (countable and uncountable, plural panics)

The adjective is borrowed from Middle French panique, a word itself borrowed from Ancient Greek πανικός (panikós, “pertaining to Pan”); Pan, the Greek god of fields and woods, was believed to be the source of mysterious sounds that caused contagious, groundless fear in herds and crowds, or in people in lonely spots.
Adjective sense 3 (“pertaining to or resulting from overpowering fear or fright”) is partly an attributive use of the noun.
The noun is derived from the adjective, while the verb is derived from the noun. Verb sense 1.3 (“to highly amuse, entertain, or impress (an audience watching a performance or show”) is derived from noun sense 4 (“a highly amusing or entertaining performer, performance, or show”).

der

"There is sort of a panic going on, and that is not what ought to be," [Chris] Dodd, a Democrat from Connecticut, said at a press conference in Washington today. "Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were never bottom feeders in the residential mortgage market."

2008 July 11, Romaine Bostick, “Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac are Sound; Panic Unwarranted, Dodd Says”, in Bloomberg News

(countable, economics, finance) A rapid reduction in asset prices due to broad efforts to raise cash in anticipation of such prices continuing to decline.


PSP

pemegang saham pengendali
pemegang saham pengendali#Indonesian

(finance) Initialism of pemegang saham pengendali (“controlling stakeholder”).


vera

As vega, with the "g" substituted with a "r" to represent risk-free (interest rate).

(finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of vega with respect to changes in the risk-free interest rate, or equivalently the rate of change of rho with respect to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset.


use

head

use m (genitive singular use, plural useyn)


nearby

From Middle English ner-bi, neer by, equivalent to near + by.

In each of these markets the nearbys are almost invariably at a discount — a discount that tends to widen in bull markets and narrow in bear markets.

1984, Jack D. Schwager, A Complete Guide to the Futures Markets, page 496

The deferred contract should be expected to rise, and buying the deferred while selling the nearby is then profitable.

1989, Raymond M. Leuthold, Joan C. Junkus, Jean E. Cordier, The Theory and Practice of Futures Markets, page 67

(finance) A futures contract, of a particular group, whose settlement date is the earliest.