넋

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 넋 (Yale: nèks).

ko-etym-native

(literary, figurative or shamanism) soul; spirit


wes

Ketic: *es ~ *hɨs

Imbak Ket: oësh (Eed-Šeš dialect)

Ket: есь (ēˑsʲ)

Yug: ес (ēs)

Kottic:

Assan: эш (ɛš), эс (ɛs), eč, öš, ös

⇒ Assan: aš-parán (“sky”)

Kott: еш (εš), êš

desc

⇒ Kott: ečā (“upwards”) (used with dative case)

⇒ Kott: ečāl (“above”) (used with locative case)

→ Shor: ес (ez, “head of the household”)

Arinic:

Arin: эс (és), ес (es, eš), es

Pumpokolic:

Pumpokol: еч (eč), etsch, eč

Pumpokolic: *xuɬ-wes

⇒ Pumpokol: ur-áit (“rain”, literally “sky-water”)

⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *ɬewx-wes (“devil”, literally “forested upland-god”)

Ketic: *lɨtʲ-es

Imbak Ket: lɨthes, lɨtse (“devil”, literally “forested upland-god”) (18th century)

Ket: лытись (lɨtísʲ, “devil, forest spirit”)

Yug: лытьси (lɨtʲsi)

Pumpokolic:

Pumpokol: lɨcɨ (“devil”)

→? Tundra Nenets: луца (luca, “Russian”)

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *wes (“stretch, spread, wide”) and Eyak -wəs (“to stretch, to spread”).
Perhaps related to *ejš (“sky, weather”).


거리

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 거리〮 (Yale: kèlí).

ko-etym-native

서울굿은 열두거리가 있다.

There are twelve components to a Seoul gut.

(shamanism) a component ceremony of a gut ritual


심방

From Jeju 심방 (simbang). Doublet of 승방 (seungbang).

(shamanism) initiated priest of the folk religion of Jeju Island


방

—방 (canonical)
-bang (romanization)
房 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 房, from the Middle Korean reading 바ᇰ (Yale: pàng).

조왕(竈王) (jowang, “kitchen goddess”) + 방(房) (bang) → 조왕방(竈王房) (jowangbang, “devotee of the kitchen goddess”)

(Seoul shamanism) Attached to deities and rituals to denote a shaman deemed particularly skilled at holding said ritual. [attested since 1745]


зүүд

mn-noun

зүүд • (züüd) (Mongolian spelling ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦ (ǰegüdü)); (hidden-n declension)

From *jexüdün from Proto-Mongolic *jexü-, compare Dongxiang zhaojin, Daur jeulgw (“to dream of, to sleeptalk”).


кинь

head

кинь (kīnʲ) m or f (plural either кинь (kìnʲ), кыснь (kɨ̀snʲ) or кынсьин (kɨ̄nsʲin))

kīnʲ (romanization)
either кинь (plural)
кынсь (alternative)
кыньсь (alternative)

From earlier kin' (kinʲ), from Proto-Ketic *kinʲ, which is inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *koj (“worm, maggot”). Cognate with Yug кинь (kīnʲ) and Kott hoi, hon (“worm, worms”).

inh+

Онь кысн минэсьдиӈаль даӈабетин, туниль дииляӈӄаӈарен, кеʼт бәнь арёгот.

Ɔnʲ kɨsn minɛsʲdiŋalʲ daŋabɛtin, tunilʲ diːlʲaŋqaŋarɛn, kɛˀt bə̄nʲ arʲɔɣɔt.

Seven amulets are first made out of lead, then they are "fed", so the person does not get sick.

Хъня дылд къӄтдиӈтен кынсь аӈапта.

The little girl has an amulet around her neck.

(sociology, religion, shamanism) amulet; specifically, a necklace in shape of a worm made out of lead to ward off illness


맞이

맞 (mat, “to welcome, to receive”) + -이 (-i, noun-deriving suffix).

af

(shamanism) short for 맞이굿 (majigut, “welcoming ritual for the gods”)


𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *teŋri (“sky, heaven, god”). Cognate with Old Uyghur 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (tnkry /téŋri/), Karakhanid تَنْكْرٖى (teŋrī), Yakut таҥара (tañara) Turkish tanrı.


대령

Sino-Korean word from 大 (“great”) + 靈 (“soul, spirit”).

ko-etym-sino

[ˈtɛ(ː)ɾjʌ̹ŋ]

[ˈte̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹ŋ]


업

Sino-Korean word from 業 (“work; karma”).

우리 집에 긴업이 들었으니 경사스러운 일일세.

Uri jib-e gineob-i deureosseuni gyeongsaseureoun ir-ilse.

A lucky snake has come into our house, what an auspicious event!

(folk religion, shamanism) [~신(神)] A household spirit of wealth, often thought to appear in the form of various wild animals.


단골

(shamanism, Seoul, uncommon) the clientele of a shaman, who regularly consult the shaman for ritual purposes

(shamanism) a hereditary village priest from southern Korea who officiates rituals at a fixed shrine


마달

(shamanism, southern Seoul) ritual songs and invocations memorized by shamans

말미

ritual prayer; ritual song of Princess Bari


풀이

풀— (pul-, “to unravel”) + -이 (-i, noun-deriving suffix).

suffix

(shamanism) shamanic narrative recounting the origin myth of a divinity


넋두리

넋 (neok, “soul”) + 두리 (duri, “spinning about”)

compound

(shamanism) a procedure in Korean shamanic funerals in which the shaman speaks with the voice of the deceased and bids farewell to the bereaved family


시왕맞이

From 시왕 (siwang, “the ten kings”) + 맞이 (maji).

affix

(shamanism) a ritual performed in honor of the ten kings of the underworld.


공수

(shamanism) speech uttered by a Korean shaman in a trance state, thought to be from a deity or ancestor who has possessed the shaman


말미

Connected to 말명 (malmyeong), a deity invoked at the beginning of rituals.

(Seoul, shamanism) the ritual narration of the tale of Princess Bari


신법

[ɕʰinp͈ʌ̹p̚]

Sino-Korean word from 神 (“god”) + 法 (“law”), with compound/genitive tensing applied.

ko-etym-sino

(shamanism) ritual regulations abided by Korean shamans


천지신명

cheonjisinmyeong (romanization)
天地神明 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑiɕʰinmjʌ̹ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 天地 (“heaven and earth”) + 神明 (“divine luminosity”).

(Confucianism, folk religion, shamanism) all the gods

Confucianism; folk religion; Confucianism; folk religion


돌하르방

[toɾɦa̠ɾɨba̠ŋ]

(shamanism) a stone statue used to protect villages in Jeju Island


돌하르방

[ˈto̞(ː)ɾɦa̠ɾɯba̠ŋ]


삼신

삼 (sam, “placenta”) + 신(神) (sin, “deity”). Later given the unetymological hanja form 三神 (literally “triple deity”), despite the fact that it is usually only one deity who is worshipped.

af

(shamanism) [~할머니] the usually female deity of childbirth, often depicted as a crone


세습무

Sino-Korean word from 世襲 (“hereditary”) + 巫 (“shaman”).

ko-etym-sino

(shamanism, academic) a type of village priest in Korean shamanism (Korea's indigenous religion) traditionally found in southern Korea, who inherit their position within priestly lineages and do not have any personal contact with the divine, in contrast to trance-possession shamans of the north who are personally, directly selected by the gods to serve as their oracles; today mostly displaced by the latter even in South Korea


손님네

손님 (sonnim, “guest”) + 네 (-ne, comitative suffix). Literally "the guest folk".

suffix

아무리 세월이 좋아서 주사가 좋고 약이 좋다 해도 손님네 잘 모시야 됩니더.

1978 July 17, 김석출 [gimseokchul], 손님굿 [sonnimgut]:

Though the times are good and the medical shots are good and the medicines are good, we must worship the guest-folk well.

손님네가 무섭고 시럽구나 맏아들로 잡아내고 둘째놈을 잡아내고 셋째 넷째 다섯째며 여섯 아들로 잡아내니

1987, 김동언 [gimdong'eon], “손님거리 [sonnimgeori]”, in 서대석, 박경신 [seodaeseok, bakgyeongsin], editors, 서사무가 2 [seosamuga 2, Shamanic Narrative Chants, Volume II], →ISBN:

How fearful and fickle the guest-folk are! Killing the first son and killing the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, killing away the six sons...

손님네가 민망하여서 대접받을 대책이 없다 말이지. "여보시오, 노구할매요, 은혜보답을 무엇으로 갚으리까? 아들 있소, 딸이 있소? 외손있소, 친손이 있소? 은금보화를 주오리까, 참 광너븐 논을 불과주어리까?"

1994 December 11, 빈순애 [binsunae], 강릉 단오제 손님굿 노래 [gangneung danoje sonnimgut norae]:

The guest-folk were embarrassed; they had not counted on this hospitality. "Look here, Nogu-halmae, how should we recompense your generosity? Do you have a son or a daughter [to spare from the epidemic]? Do you have grandchildren on your son's or daughter's side [to spare from the epidemic]? Shall we give you gold and treasures, or truly expansive rice paddies?"

(chiefly Gyeongsang and Gangwon, shamanism) the deities of epidemic (historically smallpox in particular), euphemistically referred to as "the guest folk"


taʀu

Proto-Yupik: *taʀu

Alutiiq: taru

Yup'ik: taru

Central Siberian Yupik: taru

Sirenik: taru

Proto-Inuit: *taʀu

desc

⇒ North Alaskan Inupiatun: tarutu (“to be fat”)

Inuvialuktun:

Inuinnaqtun: tauq

Netsilik: tau

Inuktitut:

Iglulik: ᑕᐅ (tao), tau

Inuktun: tau

Greenlandic: taa

Tunumiisut: taaq

Possibly of Proto-Eskimo-Aleut origin. Compare Aleut tayaĝux̂ (“man”).


대한국

Sino-Korean word from 大 (“great”) + 漢 (“Han, Han Chinese”) + 國 (“country”).

ko-etym-sino

강남은 대한국 이 나라는 죠선국이신대[…]

1960s, 『바리공주』김포 지역 필사본 [Princess Bari manuscript from Gimpo]:

Jiangnan is the Great Han country, and this land is the Korean country […]

Gangnam-eun daehan'guk i nara-neun joseon'gug-isindae[…]


세존

(shamanism) an indigenous agricultural deity often associated with the Buddha


도사

Sino-Korean word from 導師, from 導 (“guidance”) + 師 (“teacher”). The Yanbian sense is a semantic loan from Mandarin 導師／导师 (dǎoshī).

zh-l

導師／导师 (dǎoshī)

(shamanism) An honorific title for various deities in Korean folk religion


선무당

Univerbation of 선 (seon, “inexperienced, awkward”) + 무당 (mudang, “shaman”).

선무당이 사람 잡는다

a little knowledge is a dangerous thing; the novice shaman kills the person [that they were trying to heal]

선무당이 사람 속인다

(of an incompetent person) to successfully trick someone into believing something; the novice shaman fools a person

선무당이 장구 탓한다

(of a novice) to blame circumstances rather than one's own lack of practice; the novice shaman blames the drums

(shamanism) an inexperienced novice priest or shaman


애동제자

[ˈɛ(ː)do̞ŋd͡ʑe̞d͡ʑa̠]

[ˈe̞(ː)do̞ŋd͡ʑe̞d͡ʑa̠]

애 (ae, “child”) + 동(童) (dong, “child”, Sino-Korean morpheme) + 제자(弟子) (jeja, “disciple”).

compound

맑은 기운의 신내림을 받은지 얼마 안된 무속인 '애동제자'를 고집하는 이들의 수요 또한 적지 않은 것으로 알려졌다.

2019, “송파구 용한 점집 애동제자 '별상아씨당' 사람들에게 시원한 해결방안 제시 [songpagu yonghan jeomjip aedongjeja byeolsang'assidang saramdeurege siwonhan haegyeolbang'an jesi]”, in JoongAng Ilbo:

It has been reported that demand is also not insignificant among those who insist on [consulting the ritual advice of] aedongjeja: Korean shamanic practitioners who have only recently undergone their first trance possession, possessing a clean sort of [divine] energy.

(shamanism) a novice priest or shaman, who has just been initiated and is still being educated


큰무당

Univerbation of 큰 (keun, “great”) + 무당 (mudang, “shaman”).

univerbation

(shamanism) a great, accomplished priest or shaman


신부모

Sino-Korean word from 神 (“divine”) + 父母 (“parent”).

ko-etym-sino

; for more, see Thesaurus:무속인

(shamanism) a senior priest who mentors a novice, guiding them into their new vocation


신자식

[ɕʰiɲd͡ʑa̠ɕʰik̚]

Sino-Korean word from 神 (“divine”) + 子息 (“child”).

; for more, see Thesaurus:무속인

(shamanism) a novice priest who is being mentored by a senior one


강신무

Sino-Korean word from 降神 (“spirit-conjuring”) + 巫 (“shaman”).

(shamanism, academic) a type of shaman or priest in Korean shamanism (Korea's indigenous religion) traditionally found in northern Korea, who are personally directly selected by the gods to serve as their oracles in sessions of trance possession, in contrast to hereditary priests of the south who merely inherit their position and do not have any personal contact with the divine; today the dominant stream of shamanism even in South Korea


긴업

Univerbation of 긴 (gin, “long”) + 업(業) (eop, “spirit of wealth”). "Long" is euphemistic for "snake"; compare 긴 것 (gin geot, “snake”, literally “long thing”).

univerbation

우리 집에 긴업이 들었으니 경사스러운 일일세.

(folk religion, shamanism) auspicious rat snake; the household spirit of wealth, in the physical form of a rat snake


무지내

Unclear; the hanja form, apparently meaning "the shaman knows sound of songs," is clearly unetymological.

(Jeolla dialect, shamanism) knowledgeable shaman/indigenous priest


𐰸𐰆𐱃

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kut. Cognate with Chuvash хӑт (hăt), Old Uyghur 𐽷𐽳𐾀 (kut), Karakhanid قُتْ (qut), Turkish kut, Uzbek қут (qut), Bashkir ҡот (qot), Kazakh құт (qūt), Kyrgyz кут (kut), Shor қут (qut), Khakas хут (xut), Tuvan кут (kut), Dolgan кут (kut), Yakut кут (kut). Compare also Mongolian хутаг (xutag) and Manchu ᡥᡠᡨᡠᡵᡳ (huturi), Turkic borrowings.

good fortune,happiness, joy
(shamanism) the favour of heaven

good fortune,happiness, joy
the favour of heaven


조왕

Sino-Korean word from 竈 (“oven”) + 王 (“king”).


kām

kām (nominative singular)
kāmïg (accusative singular)
kāmnï (accusative singular)
kāmnïŋ (genitive singular)
kāmka (dative singular)
kāmda (locative singular)
kāmdan (ablative singular)
kāmgaru (allative singular)
kāmïn (instrumental singular)
kāmča (equative singular)
kāmlayu (singular)
kāmlïgu (comitative singular)

Oghur:

Chuvash: юмӑҫ (jumăś)

Proto-Common Turkic: *kām

Oghuz:

Turkish: kam

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (kām)

→ Persian: قام (qâm)

Kipchak:

Kyrgyz-Kipchak:

Southern Altai: кам (kam)

Siberian:

North Siberian:

⇒ Dolgan: камнаа (kamnaa)

desc

⇒ Yakut: хамнаа (qamnaa), хамсаа (qamsaa)

South Siberian:

Sayan:

Tofa: һам (ham)

Tuvan: хам (xam)

Yeniseian:

Khakas: хам (xam)

Shor: қам (qam)


무악

Sino-Korean word from 巫樂, from 巫 (“shaman”) + 樂 (“music”).


xʷajga

head

no plural for senses 1 and 2, plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="qfa-yen-pro">*xʷaj-Vŋ</i> for sense 3

*xʷajga (no plural for senses 1 and 2, plural *xʷaj-Vŋ for sense 3)

for senses 1 and 2 (no-plural)
xʷaj-Vŋ for sense 3 (plural)

Ketic: *iˀ

Imbak Ket: i, iː, ɨj (“sun, day”)

Ket: и (īˑ, “sun”)

⇒ Ket: иʼ (iˀ, “day”)

Ostyak Yug: i (“sun”)

Yug: и (ī, “sun”)

⇒ Yug: иʼ (iˁ, “day”)

Proto-Ketic: *iˀ-ŋ-quˀ-s (“wooden cottage”, literally “sun-tents”)

desc

⇒ Ket: иӈӷусь (íŋɢusʲ, “house, wooden cottage”)

⇒ Yug: эхос (ɛ́χɔs, “house”)

Kottic:

Assan: öga, ega (“sun”)

⇒ Assan: i, ɨ (“day”)

Kott: êga, êgä, ega (“sun”)

⇒ Kott: îg, îx (“day”)

Kottic: *çaj-xʷaj

⇒ Kott: šuj (“moon”, literally “night-sun”) (contraction)

Arinic:

Arin: éga, éja (“sun”)

⇒ Arin: ji (“day”)

Arinic: *xʷajga-ɬaw

<i class="Latn mention" lang="xrn">xagalɨ</i> (“sunshine”, literally “sun-extension”)

⇒ Arin: xagalɨ (“sunshine”, literally “sun-extension”)

Pumpokolic:

Pumpokol: ha, na, xeg (“day”)

⇒ Pumpokol: tuha (“noon”, literally “half-day”)

Pumpokolic: *xʷaj-ɢajm

⇒ Pumpokol: hixem (“sun, sunshine”, literally “sun-arrow”)

Composed of *xʷaj (common root for concepts revolving around the concept of 'sun') + *-ga (nominalizer suffix).
Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *xʷaj (“sun”); Proto-Athabaskan *šʷaˑ (“sun”) and Eyak xʷah (“sun”). Na-Dené reconstruction is Vajda's (2022) own, based on Eyak and Athabaskan forms.

suf

*xʷaj<pos:common root for concepts revolving around the concept of 'sun'>