trough

PIE word
 *dóru
From Middle English trogh, from Old English troh, trog (“a trough, tub, basin, vessel for containing liquids or other materials”), from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugą, *trugaz, from Proto-Indo-European *drukós, enlargement of *dóru (“tree”).
See also West Frisian trôch, Dutch trog, German Trog, Danish trug, Swedish tråg; also Middle Irish drochta (“wooden basin”), Old Armenian տարգալ (targal, “ladle, spoon”). More at tree.

cog

(meteorology) A linear atmospheric depression associated with a weather front.

tàlveg

a linear atmospheric depression associated with a weather front


sereno

it-adj

sereno (feminine serena, masculine plural sereni, feminine plural serene, superlative serenissimo)

serena (feminine)
sereni (masculine plural)
serene (feminine plural)
serenissimo (superlative)

Laudato si mi signore per frate vento et per aere et nubilo et sereno et onne tempo

c. 1226, Francis of Assisi, Cantico delle creature [Canticle of the Creatures], Biblioteca del Sacro Convento di San Francesco, page 2:

Praised be You, my Lord, through Brother Wind, and through the air, cloudy and serene, and every kind of weather

(weather) clear, serene, calm, cloudless, fair


sereno

É tornato il sereno


convergence

en-noun

convergence (countable and uncountable, plural convergences)

From converge + -ence (after Latin convergentia).

(meteorology) A zone where two prevailing wind flows meet and interact, resulting in distinctive weather conditions.


noto

Borrowed from Latin Notus, from Ancient Greek νότος (nótos).


washout

washout (countable and uncountable, plural washouts)

washouts (plural)
wash-out (alternative)

huuhtoutuminen

erosion of a relatively soft surface by a sudden gush of water; channel produced by this action

(meteorology) The action whereby falling rainwater cleans particles from the air.


weather forecast

weather forecast (plural weather forecasts)

It may be sunny today, but the weather forecast is predicting rain for tomorrow.

(meteorology) A prediction of future weather, often for a specific locality, in a newspaper or on the radio or television.


weather forecasting

(meteorology) The science of using meteorology to predict future weather.


ridge

ridges (plural)
rig (alternative dialectal)

From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).
Cognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).

inh

(meteorology) An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure.


shaft

From Middle English schaft, from Old English sċeaft, from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz. Cognate with Dutch schacht, German German Schaft, Swedish skaft.

(meteorology) A relatively small area of precipitation that an onlook can discern from the dry surrounding area.


bora

head

bora (definite accusative borayı, plural boralar)

borayı (accusative definite)
boralar (plural)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بورا (bora, “squall, tempest”), possibly a derivation from Proto-Turkic *bora- (“north wind; to snow heavily”). Cognate with Crimean Tatar and Turkmen boran, Bashkir буран (buran), Kazakh боран (boran). Or a wanderword, compare Italian bora, ultimately from Latin borea and, Greek μπόρα (mpóra). The same root as bora is found in the name of the Greek mythological figure of Boreas (Βορέας). Scholars argue, the Serbo-Croatian name bura and Slovene burja are not etymologically related to bora; they derive from Common Slavic burja 'storm' (from the verb *burĭti), and the meaning 'bora' developed later.


cumulonimbus

en-noun

cumulonimbus (plural cumulonimbuses or cumulonimbi)

cumulonimbuses (plural)
cumulonimbi (plural)
cumulo-nimbus (alternative)

From Latin cumulus (“heap”) + nimbus (“cloud”).

The one to the east (which at the moment seemed to be leaping straight out of the heart of a sinister slaty-purple patch of cumulonimbus) drained the Lake of the Hanging Glaciers; that to the west a desolate rock and ice-walled valley which was rimmed by some of the highest summits in the Selkirks.

1921, Lewis R. Freeman, chapter III, in Down the Columbia:

(meteorology) A cloud with a tall structure and flat base, often associated with thunderstorms.


cumulonimbus

cumulonimbus (accusative indefinite nominative)
cumulonimbusul (accusative definite nominative)
cumulonimbus (indefinite)
cumulonimbusului (definite)
cumulonimbusule (vocative)


detrain

en-verb

detrain (third-person singular simple present detrains, present participle detraining, simple past and past participle detrained)

detrains (present singular third-person)
detraining (participle present)
detrained (participle past)
detrained (past)

(meteorology) To transfer air from an organized air current to the surrounding atmosphere.


anvil

From Middle English anfilt, anvelt, anfelt, from late Old English anfilt, anfilte, anfealt, from earlier onfilti (“anvil”), from Proto-West Germanic *anafalt (compare Middle Dutch anvilte, Low German Anfilts, Anefilt, Old High German anafalz), compound of *ana (“on”) + *falt (“beaten”) (compare German falzen (“to groove, fold, welt”), Swedish dialectal filta (“to beat”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-t- (“shaken, beaten”) (compare Middle Irish lethar (“leather”), Latin pellō (“to beat, strike”), Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to toss, brandish”)), enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to stir, move”). More at felon.

der

(meteorology) A horizontal-topped mass of cloud, shaped like a blacksmith's anvil, that forms before a thunderstorm.


hygrometer

hygrometers (plural)
hygrometre (alternative)

/haɪˈɡɹɒmɪtə(ɹ)/

From French hygromètre, from hygro- + -meter.

(meteorology) An instrument that measures the humidity of the air or other gases, especially the relative humidity.


sonde

From Dutch sonde, from French sonde, from Middle French [Term?], from Old French sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), from sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”).


psychrometry

en-noun

psychrometry (usually uncountable, plural psychrometries)

From psychro- (prefix meaning ‘cold’) + -metry (suffix forming nouns relating to measures and measurement), modelled after psychrometer.

confix

(meteorology, thermodynamics) Synonym of psychrometrics (“the measurement or study of the physical and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere and its water vapour”).

psicrometria

synonym of psychrometrics — see also psychrometrics


atmosfera

eo-head

atmosfera (accusative singular atmosferan, plural atmosferaj, accusative plural atmosferajn)

atmosferan (accusative singular)
atmosferaj (plural)
atmosferajn (accusative plural)


abrir

gl-verb

abrir (first-person singular present abro, first-person singular preterite abrín, past participle aberto)
abrir (first-person singular present abro, first-person singular preterite abrim or abri, past participle aberto, reintegrationist norm)

abrir abrir (canonical)
abro (first-person present singular)
abrín (first-person preterite singular)
aberto (participle past)
abrim (first-person preterite singular)
abri (first-person preterite singular)
abrir (impersonal infinitive)
abrir (first-person infinitive singular)
abrires (infinitive second-person singular)
abrir (infinitive personal singular)
abrirmos (first-person infinitive plural)
abrirdes (infinitive plural second-person)
abriren (infinitive personal plural)
abrindo (gerund)
aberto (masculine participle past singular)
aberto (first-person masculine participle past singular)
aberto (masculine participle past second-person singular)
abertos (masculine participle past plural)
abertos (first-person masculine participle past plural second-person)
aberta (feminine participle past singular)
aberta (feminine first-person participle past singular)
aberta (feminine participle past second-person singular)
abertas (feminine participle past plural)
abertas (feminine first-person participle past plural second-person)
abro (first-person indicative present singular)
abres (indicative present second-person singular)
abre (indicative present singular)
abrimos (first-person indicative plural present)
abrides (indicative plural present second-person)
abren (indicative plural present)
abría (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abrías (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abría (imperfect indicative singular)
abriamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abriades (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abrían (imperfect indicative plural)
abrín (first-person indicative preterite singular)
abriches (indicative preterite second-person singular)
abriu (indicative preterite singular)
abrimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
abristes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
abriron (indicative plural preterite)
abrira (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
abriras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
abrira (indicative pluperfect singular)
abriramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
abrirades (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
abriran (indicative pluperfect plural)
abrirei (first-person future indicative singular)
abrirás (future indicative second-person singular)
abrirá (future indicative singular)
abriremos (first-person future indicative plural)
abriredes (future indicative plural second-person)
abrirán (future indicative plural)
abriría (conditional first-person singular)
abrirías (conditional second-person singular)
abriría (conditional singular)
abririamos (conditional first-person plural)
abririades (conditional plural second-person)
abrirían (conditional plural)
abra (first-person present singular subjunctive)
abras (present second-person singular subjunctive)
abra (present singular subjunctive)
abramos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
abrades (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abran (plural present subjunctive)
abrise (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abrises (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abrise (imperfect singular subjunctive)
abrísemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abrísedes (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abrisen (imperfect plural subjunctive)
abrir (first-person future singular subjunctive)
abrires (future second-person singular subjunctive)
abrir (future singular subjunctive)
abrirmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
abrirdes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
abriren (future plural subjunctive)
abre (imperative second-person singular)
abra (imperative singular)
abramos (first-person imperative plural)
abride (imperative plural second-person)
abran (imperative plural)
non abras (imperative negative second-person singular)
non abra (imperative negative singular)
non abramos (first-person imperative negative plural)
non abrades (imperative negative plural second-person)
non abran (imperative negative plural)
abrir (impersonal infinitive)
abrir (first-person infinitive singular)
abrires (infinitive second-person singular)
abrir (infinitive singular third-person)
abrirmos (first-person infinitive plural)
abrirdes (infinitive plural second-person)
abrirem (infinitive plural third-person)
abrindo (gerund)
aberto (first-person masculine participle past singular third-person)
aberto (masculine participle past second-person singular)
abertos (masculine participle past plural)
aberta (feminine first-person participle past singular third-person)
aberta (feminine participle past second-person singular)
abertas (feminine participle past plural)
abro (first-person indicative present singular)
abres (indicative present second-person singular)
abre (indicative present singular third-person)
abrimos (first-person indicative plural present)
abrides (indicative plural present second-person)
abris (indicative plural present second-person)
abrem (indicative plural present third-person)
abria (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abrias (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abria (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abríamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abríades (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abríeis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abríais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abriam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abrim (first-person indicative preterite singular)
abri (first-person indicative preterite singular)
abriste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
abriche (indicative preterite second-person singular)
abriu (indicative preterite singular third-person)
abrimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
abristes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
abrírom (indicative plural preterite third-person)
abriram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
abrira (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
abriras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
abrira (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
abríramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
abrírades (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
abríreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
abrírais (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
abriram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
abrirei (first-person future indicative singular)
abrirás (future indicative second-person singular)
abrirá (future indicative singular third-person)
abriremos (first-person future indicative plural)
abriredes (future indicative plural second-person)
abrireis (future indicative plural second-person)
abrirám (future indicative plural third-person)
abrirão (future indicative plural third-person)
abriria (conditional first-person singular)
abririas (conditional second-person singular)
abriria (conditional singular third-person)
abriríamos (conditional first-person plural)
abriríades (conditional plural second-person)
abriríeis (conditional plural second-person)
abriríais (conditional plural second-person)
abririam (conditional plural third-person)
abra (first-person present singular subjunctive)
abras (present second-person singular subjunctive)
abra (present singular subjunctive third-person)
abramos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
abrades (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abrais (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abram (plural present subjunctive third-person)
abrisse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abrisses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abrisse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abríssemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abríssedes (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abrísseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abrissem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abrir (first-person future singular subjunctive)
abrires (future second-person singular subjunctive)
abrir (future singular subjunctive third-person)
abrirmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
abrirdes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
abrirem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
abre (imperative second-person singular)
abra (imperative singular third-person)
abramos (first-person imperative plural)
abride (imperative plural second-person)
abri (imperative plural second-person)
abram (imperative plural third-person)
nom abras (imperative negative second-person singular)
nom abra (imperative negative singular third-person)
nom abramos (first-person imperative negative plural)
nom abrades (imperative negative plural second-person)
nom abrais (imperative negative plural second-person)
nom abram (imperative negative plural third-person)

From Old Galician-Portuguese abrir, from Latin aperīre (“to open”).


downgrade

en-verb

downgrade (third-person singular simple present downgrades, present participle downgrading, simple past and past participle downgraded)

downgrades (present singular third-person)
downgrading (participle present)
downgraded (participle past)
downgraded (past)

(meteorology) to reduce the official estimate of a storm's intensity.


blue box

gray-box testing
white box (software engineering)

See also: severe thunderstorm watch

(informal, US, meteorology) A "tornado watch" notification category.


supercell

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supercell.wav

They watched the supercell that spawned the F5 killer that struck Oklahoma City spit out one tornado after another. In two cases, the researchers believe, the Dopplers captured tornadoes being formed — including the Oklahoma City monster.

1999 May 11, William K. Stevens, “Oklahoma Tornado Offers Hints Of How a Killer Storm Is Born”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The storm system was a supercell, the kind that brew the deadliest tornadoes and most damaging hail in the United States, said Walker Ashley[…]

2023 March 25, Oliver Laughland, “‘My city is gone’: ‘supercell’ tornado annihilates Mississippi town and kills 23”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(meteorology) A severe thunderstorm with updrafts and downdrafts that are in near balance, allowing the storm to maintain itself for several hours. Supercells often produce large hail, powerful downpours, very strong winds and sometimes tornadoes.


convection

en-noun

convection (countable and uncountable, plural convections)

convections (plural)
convexion (alternative)

From Latin convectiōnem, from convectiō (“act of carrying”), from convect-, past participle stem of convehō (“to carry together”), combination of com- and vehō.

(meteorology) The vertical movement of heat and moisture, especially by updrafts and downdrafts in an unstable air mass. The terms convection and thunderstorm are often used interchangeably, although thunderstorms are only one form of convection. Towering cumulus clouds are visible forms of convection.


pilot balloon

(meteorology) A small unmanned balloon whose ascent is followed by a theodolite to obtain data for the computation of the speed and direction of winds in the upper air.


weather balloon

weather balloon (plural weather balloons)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-weather balloon.wav

(meteorology) a balloon that carries meteorological instruments aloft in order to measure, record and return data concerning atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity


облак

mk-noun

облак • (oblak) m (plural облаци, relational adjective облачен, diminutive облаче, augmentative облачиште)

oblak (romanization)
облаци (plural)
облачен (adjective relational)
облаче (diminutive)
облачиште (augmentative)
облак (indefinite singular)
облаци (indefinite plural)
облакот (definite singular unspecified)
облаците (definite plural unspecified)
облаков (definite proximal singular)
облациве (definite plural proximal)
облакон (definite distal singular)
облацине (definite distal plural)
облаку (singular vocative)
облаци (plural vocative)
облака (count-form plural)


incus

(meteorology) an accessory cloud, in the shape of an anvil which forms by spreading at the top of a cumulonimbus.


Ac

(meteorology) Initialism of altocumulus cloud.


Albedo

de-noun

Albedo f (genitive Albedo, plural Albedos)

Albedo (genitive)
Albedos (plural)
Albedo (nominative singular)
Albedos (definite nominative plural)
Albedo (genitive singular)
Albedos (definite genitive plural)
Albedo (dative singular)
Albedos (dative definite plural)
Albedo (accusative singular)
Albedos (accusative definite plural)

Borrowed from Latin albēdō (“whiteness”).

bor+

(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) albedo (fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body)


Am

(climatology) Köppen climate classification for a tropical monsoon climate.


As

(climatology) Köppen climate classification for a dry-summer tropical savanna climate.


Blitz

de-noun

Blitz m (strong, genitive Blitzes, plural Blitze)

Blitzes (genitive)
Blitze (plural)
Blitz (nominative singular)
Blitze (definite nominative plural)
Blitzes (genitive singular)
Blitze (definite genitive plural)
Blitz (dative singular)
Blitze (dative singular)
Blitzen (dative definite plural)
Blitz (accusative singular)
Blitze (accusative definite plural)
Bliz (alternative obsolete)

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)

From Middle High German blitze (“lightning”), from Old High German blëcchazzen; compare English bleak and bleach. Synchronically analyzed as a nominal formation from blitzen (“to flash”), see there for more.
Cognates
See also Old Saxon bliksmo (“lightning”), Old English blæcern (“candlestick”), Dutch bliksem, Ancient Greek φλέγω (phlégō, “to burn, blaze”), Sanskrit भ्राज (bhrāja, “to radiate, sparkle”), Latin fulgur (“lightning”).

cog

Ein Blitz erhellte die Nacht.


F

Abbreviation.
# (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of full or fully.
# (Stenoscript) suffixes -full, -fully.

the F-scale ; an F3 tornado

(US, meteorology) Initialism of Fujita (followed by a number when used in a rating on the Fujita scale and indicating the intensity of a tornado).


Stern

de-noun

Stern m (strong, genitive Sternes or Sterns, plural Sterne, diminutive Sternchen n or Sternlein n)

Sternes (genitive)
Sterns (genitive)
Sterne (plural)
Sternchen (diminutive neuter)
Sternlein (diminutive neuter)
Stern (nominative singular)
Sterne (definite nominative plural)
Sternes (genitive singular)
Sterns (genitive singular)
Sterne (definite genitive plural)
Stern (dative singular)
Sterne (dative singular)
Sternen (dative definite plural)
Stern (accusative singular)
Sterne (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German stërne, from Old High German sterno, from Proto-West Germanic *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternǭ, *sternô, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.
See also Dutch ster (“star”), Old English steorra (“star”) (Modern English star), Danish stjerne (“star”), Swedish stjärna (“star”), Icelandic stjarna (“star”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō); also Latin stēlla (“star”), Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”) and Sanskrit तारा (tārā, “star”). Doublet of Aster and Star.

(meteorology) a stellar crystal, a snow crystal possessing the shape of a star


TS

en-noun

TS (countable and uncountable, plural TSs or TSes)

(meteorology) Initialism of tropical storm.


цунами

Borrowed from Russian цунами (cunami), or else from English tsunami or directly from Japanese 津波.


облако

ru-noun+

о́блако • (óblako) n inan (genitive о́блака, nominative plural облака́, genitive plural облако́в, diminutive о́блачко)

о́блако (canonical)
óblako (romanization)
о́блака (genitive)
облака́ (nominative plural)
облако́в (genitive plural)
о́блачко (diminutive)
о́блако (nominative singular)
облака́ (nominative plural)
о́блака (genitive singular)
облако́в (genitive irregular plural)
о́блаку (dative singular)
облака́м (dative plural)
о́блако (accusative singular)
облака́ (accusative plural)
о́блаком (instrumental singular)
облака́ми (instrumental plural)
о́блаке (prepositional singular)
облака́х (plural prepositional)
о́блако (dated nominative singular)
облака́ (dated nominative plural)
о́блака (dated genitive singular)
облако́въ (dated genitive irregular plural)
о́блаку (dated dative singular)
облака́мъ (dated dative plural)
о́блако (accusative dated singular)
облака́ (accusative dated plural)
о́блакомъ (dated instrumental singular)
облака́ми (dated instrumental plural)
о́блакѣ (dated prepositional singular)
облака́хъ (dated plural prepositional)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic облакъ (oblakŭ), from Proto-Slavic *obolkъ. Displaced native Old East Slavic оболоко (oboloko).


sun shower

sun showers (plural)
sunshower (alternative)

(climatology) A rain shower which occurs while the sun is shining.

jakkals trou met wolf se vrou

rain shower while the sun is shining — see also devil's beating his wife

狐の嫁入り (きつねのよめいり, kitsune no yomeiri, literally “foxes' wedding”)

കുറുക്കന്റെ കല്യാണം (kuṟukkanṟe kalyāṇaṁ, literally “fox's wedding”)

грибно́й дождь m (gribnój doždʹ, literally “mushroom rain”)

слепо́й дождь m (slepój doždʹ, literally “blind rain”)

сліпи́й дощ m (slipýj došč, literally “blind rain”)

ку́рячий дощ m (kúrjačyj došč, literally “chicken rain”)

свиня́чий дощ m (svynjáčyj došč, literally “pig rain”)


calor

es-noun

m,f<l:<<colloquial>> in <<Latin America>>>

calor m or (colloquial in Latin America) f (plural calores)

in Latin America (colloquial)
calores (plural)

Inherited from Latin calōrem (“heat, warmth”). Compare French chaleur and English calorie.

inh+

Tengo calor.

Hace calor.


град

be-noun

град • (hrad) m inan (genitive гра́ду, uncountable)

hrad (romanization)
гра́ду (genitive)
град (nominative singular)
гра́ду (genitive singular)
гра́ду (dative singular)
град (accusative singular)
гра́дам (instrumental singular)
гра́дзе (locative singular)

From Old Ruthenian градъ (hrad), from Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.

Паабапал дарогі гнуліся да зямлі панурныя каласы зьбітага градам жыта.

1927, Алесь Гародня, На крэсах, Minsk: Выданьне ЦБ Маладняка, page 55:

Beaten by the hail, dusky ears of rye bent toward the ground on both sides of the road.

Paabapal daróhi hnulisja da zjamli panurnyja kalasy zʹbitaha hradam žyta.

(meteorology) hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm)


град

ru-noun+

град • (grad) m inan (genitive гра́да, uncountable, diminutive гра́дик)

grad (romanization)
гра́да (genitive)
гра́дик (diminutive)
гра́д (nominative singular)
гра́да (genitive singular)
гра́ду (dative singular)
гра́д (accusative singular)
гра́дом (instrumental singular)
гра́де (prepositional singular)
градъ (alternative)

From Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.
Cognate with Lithuanian gruodas (Proto-Balto-Slavic *grōda-), Latin grandō, Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut), Sanskrit ह्रादुनि (hrāduni, “hail”) and possibly with English grind.

Град идёт


град

uk-noun

град • (hrad) m inan (genitive гра́ду, nominative plural гра́ди, genitive plural гра́дів)

hrad (romanization)
гра́ду (genitive)
гра́ди (nominative plural)
гра́дів (genitive plural)
град (nominative singular)
гра́ди (nominative plural)
гра́ду (genitive singular)
гра́дів (genitive plural)
гра́дові (dative singular)
гра́ду (dative singular)
гра́дам (dative plural)
град (accusative singular)
гра́ди (accusative plural)
гра́дом (instrumental singular)
гра́дами (instrumental plural)
гра́ді (locative singular)
гра́дах (locative plural)
гра́де (singular vocative)
гра́ди (plural vocative)

From Middle Ukrainian градъ (hrad), from Old East Slavic градъ (gradŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gradъ.


ACE

en-noun

ACE (countable and uncountable, plural ACEs)

human recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

accumulated cyclone energy
w:accumulated cyclone energy

(meteorology) Initialism of accumulated cyclone energy.


Tail End Charlie

Tail End Charlie (plural Tail End Charlies)

Tail End Charlies (plural)
Tail-End Charlie (alternative)

(meteorology, slang) The southernmost thunderstorm in a band of storms, often subject to the best conditions for strengthening.


precipitation

precipitation (countable and uncountable, plural precipitations)

/pɹɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/

From Middle French précipitation, from Latin praecipitātiō, praecipitātiōnem.

South Korea’s Ministry of Environment said in a news release that no major precipitation was observed after the cloud seeding operation.

2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(meteorology) Any or all of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid, that fall from the upper atmosphere (e.g., rain, hail, snow or sleet). It is a major class of hydrometeor, but it is distinguished from cloud, fog, dew, rime, frost, etc., in that it must fall. It is distinguished from cloud and virga in that it must reach the ground.

neerslag

weather: water falling from the atmosphere

(meteorology) The amount of water precipitated in any form.


absolute humidity

absolute humidity (countable and uncountable, plural absolute humidities)

atmospheric humidity
atmospheric humidity

(meteorology) In a system of moist air, the ratio of the mass of water vapor present to the volume occupied by the mixture, that is, the density of the water vapor component. Absolute humidity is usually expressed in grams of water vapor per cubic meter or, in engineering practice, in grains per cubic foot. Because this measure of atmospheric humidity is not conservative with respect to adiabatic expansion or compression, it is not commonly used by meteorologists. (Also called vapor concentration and vapor density). See relative humidity.

absolutní vlhkost

mass of water vapour in a given volume of air


relative humidity

relative humidity (countable and uncountable, plural relative humidities)

(meteorology) The ratio of the actual amount of water vapor (absolute humidity) present in the air to the saturation point at the same temperature, usually expressed as a percentage.


psychrometer

psychrometers (plural)
psychrometre (alternative)

1982 July, Ray W. Brown, Dale L. Bartos, A Calibration Model for Screen-caged Peltier Thermocouple Psychrometers, United States Department of Agriculture: Forest Service, Research Paper INT-293, page 2,
Gross adjustment of the model using a small number of well controlled calibration measurements would suffice to make the model applicable to any new psychrometer or group of psychrometers.

2007, N. J. Livingston, G. Clarke Topp, 71: Soil Water Potential, M. R. Carter, E. G. Gregorich (editors), Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, 2nd Edition, Canadian Society of Soil Science, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 976,
Psychrometers have two main components: the porous cup with its contained sensing and reference junctions and the instrument for generating the electrical current and measuring the psychrometer output.

2008, Ross Montgomery, Robert McDowall, Fundamentals of HVAC Control Systems, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Elsevier, page 132,
An aspirated psychrometer combines low cost with the fundamental measurement principle of wet- and dry-bulb readings.

wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometer
wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometer

(meteorology) Any of several instruments used to measure the relative humidity of the atmosphere; especially a wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometer.

psicròmetre

instrument which measures atmospheric humidity

also: Category:English terms prefixed with psychro-


CAS

(Canada, meteorology) initialism of cote air santé (“air quality health index”): AQHI


yr

yr n (definite singular yret, indefinite plural yr, definite plural yra or yrene)

yret (definite singular)
yr (indefinite plural)
yra (definite plural)
yrene (definite plural)


yr

yr n (definite singular yret, indefinite plural yr, definite plural yra)

yret (definite singular)
yr (indefinite plural)
yra (definite plural)


spritz

en-verb

spritz (third-person singular simple present spritzes, present participle spritzing, simple past and past participle spritzed)

spritzes (present singular third-person)
spritzing (participle present)
spritzed (participle past)
spritzed (past)

From Yiddish שפּריץ (shprits, noun) and שפּריצן (shpritsn, verb).

(impersonal, weather) To drizzle, to rain lightly.


scattered

en-adj

scattered (comparative more scattered, superlative most scattered)

more scattered (comparative)
most scattered (superlative)

(meteorology, of clouds) Covering three eighths to four eighths of the sky.

разкъсан

meteorology: covering three eighths to four eighths of sky

Scattered showers.

(meteorology, of precipitation) Affecting 30 percent to 50 percent of a forecast zone.

hajanainen

meteorology: affecting 30% to 50% of area


буря

ru-noun+

бу́ря • (búrja) f inan (genitive бу́ри, nominative plural бу́ри, genitive plural бурь, relational adjective бурево́й)

бу́ря (canonical)
búrja (romanization)
бу́ри (genitive)
бу́ри (nominative plural)
бурь (genitive plural)
бурево́й (adjective relational)
бу́ря (nominative singular)
бу́ри (nominative plural)
бу́ри (genitive singular)
бу́рь (genitive plural)
бу́ре (dative singular)
бу́рям (dative plural)
бу́рю (accusative singular)
бу́ри (accusative plural)
бу́рей (instrumental singular)
бу́рею (instrumental singular)
бу́рями (instrumental plural)
бу́ре (prepositional singular)
бу́рях (plural prepositional)
бу́ря (dated nominative singular)
бу́ри (dated nominative plural)
бу́ри (dated genitive singular)
бу́рь (dated genitive plural)
бу́рѣ (dated dative singular)
бу́рямъ (dated dative plural)
бу́рю (accusative dated singular)
бу́ри (accusative dated plural)
бу́рей (dated instrumental singular)
бу́рею (dated instrumental singular)
бу́рями (dated instrumental plural)
бу́рѣ (dated prepositional singular)
бу́ряхъ (dated plural prepositional)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *buřa, akin to Bulgarian бу́ря (búrja), Slovene burja, Polish burza, Serbo-Croatian бура/bura, Slovak búrka (“tempest”) and búrať (“to crush”). Non-Slavic cognates include Old Norse byrr (“fair wind”), Latin furo (“I rage, rave”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “stir, palpitate”), Persian بوران (burân, “storm”), باران (bârân, “rain”). Compare also Turkish bora (“squall”).

Вели́кое чу́до бы́ло в том, что шесть корабле́й пока́ шли, и ещё бо́льшее чу́до, что бе́шеная си́ла бу́ри не размета́ла их по тёмному кипя́щему мо́рю.

1946, И. А. Ефремов, На краю Ойкумены:

It was a great miracle that six ships were still sailing ahead, and an even greater miracle that the raging power of the storm had not scattered them across the dark, seething sea.

Velíkoje čúdo býlo v tom, što šestʹ korabléj poká šli, i ješčó bólʹšeje čúdo, što béšenaja síla búri ne razmetála ix po tjómnomu kipjáščemu mórju.

Бури нас всех позовут, / В море герои уйдут.

1967, Виталий Коржиков, Весёлое мореплавание Солнышкина:

Storms will call us all, / Heroes will leave to the sea.

Buri nas vsex pozovut, / V more geroi ujdut.

(meteorology) storm, tempest (also figuratively)


буря

uk-noun

бу́ря • (búrja) f inan (genitive бу́рі, nominative plural бу́рі, genitive plural бур)

бу́ря (canonical)
búrja (romanization)
бу́рі (genitive)
бу́рі (nominative plural)
бур (genitive plural)
бу́ря (nominative singular)
бу́рі (nominative plural)
бу́рі (genitive singular)
бур (genitive plural)
бу́рі (dative singular)
бу́рям (dative plural)
бу́рю (accusative singular)
бу́рі (accusative plural)
бу́рею (instrumental singular)
бу́рями (instrumental plural)
бу́рі (locative singular)
бу́рях (locative plural)
бу́ре (singular vocative)
бу́рі (plural vocative)

зати́шшя пе́ред бу́рею


AMS

American Meteorological Society
w:American Meteorological Society

(US, meteorology) Initialism of American Meteorological Society.


tipping point

First use of the term appears c. 1959 in the New York Times.

It is a scenario climate scientists have feared since first identifying "tipping points" - delicate thresholds where a slight rise in the Earth's temperature can cause a dramatic change in the environment that itself triggers a far greater increase in global temperatures.

2005 August 11, Ian Sample, “Warming hits 'tipping point'”, in The Guardian:

Some researchers worry that rainforests will soon reach a tipping point — a point of no return in which the once-lush forests transition to arid regions.

2021 June 22, Sam Romano, “Rainforests are under siege. Here’s what you should know.”, in CNN:

Climate scientists have detected warning signs of the collapse of the Gulf Stream, one of the planet’s main potential tipping points.

2021 August 5, Damian Carrington, “Climate crisis: Scientists spot warning signs of Gulf Stream collapse”, in The Guardian:

(climatology) An irreversible change in the climate system.


pluviometer

pluviometers (plural)
pluviameter (alternative)

(meteorology) A scientific instrument for measuring the amount of rainfall.


бар

ru-noun+

бар • (bar) m inan (genitive ба́ра, nominative plural ба́ры, genitive plural ба́ров)

bar (romanization)
ба́ра (genitive)
ба́ры (nominative plural)
ба́ров (genitive plural)
ба́р (nominative singular)
ба́ры (nominative plural)
ба́ра (genitive singular)
ба́ров (genitive plural)
ба́ру (dative singular)
ба́рам (dative plural)
ба́р (accusative singular)
ба́ры (accusative plural)
ба́ром (instrumental singular)
ба́рами (instrumental plural)
ба́ре (prepositional singular)
ба́рах (plural prepositional)

Borrowed from French bar, from Ancient Greek βάρος (báros).


бар

uk-noun

бар • (bar) m inan (genitive ба́ра, nominative plural ба́ри, genitive plural ба́рів)

bar (romanization)
ба́ра (genitive)
ба́ри (nominative plural)
ба́рів (genitive plural)
бар (nominative singular)
ба́ри (nominative plural)
ба́ра (genitive singular)
ба́рів (genitive plural)
ба́рові (dative singular)
ба́ру (dative singular)
ба́рам (dative plural)
бар (accusative singular)
ба́ри (accusative plural)
ба́ром (instrumental singular)
ба́рами (instrumental plural)
ба́рі (locative singular)
ба́рах (locative plural)
ба́ре (singular vocative)
ба́ри (plural vocative)

(meteorology) bar (unit of atmospheric pressure)


anticyclonic

(meteorology) of, relating to, or consisting of an anticyclone


anticyclone

From anti- + cyclone. Coined by Sir Francis Galton in the 1860s.

(meteorology) a system of winds that spiral out from a centre of high pressure


anticyclone

Borrowed from English anticyclone, etymologically analyzable as anti- + cyclone.

(meteorology) a high pressure zone, an anticyclone


okta

oktas (plural)
okta (plural)
octa (alternative)

...64% of the low- and 50% of the high-cloud amount differences were within ± 1 okta, although many of these successes (71% in the low-cloud amount) were for cases of totally clear or totally cloudy skies.

1960, American Meteorological Society, Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts, American Meteorological Society, Page 480

‘Fog is traditional for the season and cloud is anticipated at six to seven oktas, sir.’

1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society, published 2010, page 426:

Mean cloud amount distributions are transformed to normal distributions. The accuracy of the method is indicated by the retrieval of the original distribution with a typical error of 14% in the frequency of each okta of cloud amount.

1985, University of East Anglia, Geo Abstracts, University of East Anglia, Page 29

For example, it has been estimated that a Landsat satellite, which revisits a particular location once every 16 days, will obtain a cloud-free scene of a particular location in Britain only once per year, and a scene with 1 okta of cloud (an okta is one eighth of the sky obscured by cloud) only twice per year.

2001, W.G. Rees, Physical Principles of Remote Sensing - Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, Page 100

(meteorology) One eighth of the total area of the celestial dome; used as a measure of cloudiness (one okta means that one eighth of the sky is obscured, two oktas that one quarter is obscured, and so on).

octa

one eighth of the area of the celestial dome


colloid

From French colloïde, from Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) + -oid. Doublet of collage, collagen, and protocol.

doublet

(meteorology) An intimate mixture of two substances, one of which, called the dispersed phase (or colloid), is uniformly distributed in a finely divided state throughout the second substance, called the dispersion medium (or dispersing medium).


squall

→ Polish: szkwał

→ Russian: шквал (škval)

→ Ukrainian: шквал (škval)

From Middle English *squalen and squelen (“to cry, scream, squall”), from Old Norse skvala (“to cry out”), probably ultimately imitative with influence from squeal and bawl.
Cognate with Swedish skvala (“to gush, pour down”), Norwegian skval (“sudden rush of water”). The noun is probably from the verb.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

(meteorology) A squall line, multicell line, or part of a squall line.


fagur

head

fagur (comparative fagrari, superlative fagrastur)

fagrari (comparative)
fagrastur (superlative)
fagur (masculine nominative singular)
føgur (feminine nominative singular)
fagurt (neuter nominative singular)
fagran (accusative masculine singular)
fagra (accusative feminine singular)
fagurt (accusative neuter singular)
føgrum (dative masculine singular)
fagrari (dative feminine singular)
føgrum (dative neuter singular)
fagurs (genitive masculine singular)
fagrar (feminine genitive singular)
fagurs (genitive neuter singular)
fagrir (masculine nominative plural)
fagrar (feminine nominative plural)
føgur (neuter nominative plural)
fagrar (accusative masculine plural)
fagrar (accusative feminine plural)
føgur (accusative neuter plural)
føgrum (dative masculine plural)
føgrum (dative feminine plural)
føgrum (dative neuter plural)
fagra (genitive masculine plural)
fagra (feminine genitive plural)
fagra (genitive neuter plural)

From Old Norse fagr, from Proto-Germanic *fagraz, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂ḱ- (“to fasten, place”).

der

veðrið var av tí fagrasta


hiti

fo-noun

hiti m (genitive singular hita, uncountable)

hita (genitive singular)
hiti (indefinite nominative singular)
hitin (definite nominative singular)
hita (accusative indefinite singular)
hitan (accusative definite singular)
hita (dative indefinite singular)
hitanum (dative definite singular)
hita (genitive indefinite singular)
hitans (definite genitive singular)

From Old Norse hiti, from Proto-Germanic *haitį̄ (“heat”).


hiti

is-noun

hiti m (genitive singular hita, nominative plural hitar)

hita (genitive singular)
hitar (nominative plural)
hiti (indefinite nominative singular)
hitinn (definite nominative singular)
hitar (indefinite nominative plural)
hitarnir (definite nominative plural)
hita (accusative indefinite singular)
hitann (accusative definite singular)
hita (accusative indefinite plural)
hitana (accusative definite plural)
hita (dative indefinite singular)
hitanum (dative definite singular)
hitum (dative indefinite plural)
hitunum (dative definite plural)
hita (genitive indefinite singular)
hitans (definite genitive singular)
hita (genitive indefinite plural)
hitanna (definite genitive plural)


stratosphere

From French stratosphère, a word coined by its discoverer, meteorologist Léon Teisserenc de Bort. See strato- + -sphere.

Variation in height of the stratosphere (isothermal layer).

1909, Scientific Abstracts, A., volume 12, page 208 (heading)

The mesosphere may be described as the earth's intermediate or middle atmosphere, which separates the thermosphere above from the ozonosphere (or stratosphere) below, both of which are responsible for absorption of most of the ultraviolet part of the solar radiation and preventing it from reaching the earth's surface.

2008, Kshudiram Saha, The Earth's Atmosphere: Its Physics and Dynamics, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 102:

The technique would involve spraying large amounts of sulfate particles into the Earth’s lower stratosphere at altitudes as high as 12 miles. The scientists propose delivering the sulfates with specially designed high-altitude aircraft, balloons or large naval-style guns.

2018 November 23, Matthew Robinson, “Dimming the sun: The answer to global warming?”, in CNN:

Even if you’ve run an ironclad household budget and managed your retirement accounts on your own, you’re about to be at a level of wealth in a different stratosphere. It’s time to hire professionals.

2025 March 19, Jessica Roy, “She hit the $1.2 billion jackpot. But the California winner must do this to make it last a lifetime”, in San Francisco Chronicle:

(meteorology) The region of the uppermost atmosphere where temperature increases along with the altitude due to the absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation by ozone. The stratosphere extends from the tropopause (10–15 kilometers) to approximately 50 kilometers, where it is succeeded by the mesosphere.


mesosphere

(meteorology) The layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.


drow

(weather) A cold mist or a severe squall.


sultry

en-adj

sultry (comparative sultrier, superlative sultriest)

sultrier (comparative)
sultriest (superlative)
sultrie (alternative)

From sulter (“verb (obsolete), a variant of swelter”) + -y; compare sweltry.

suffix

verb (obsolete), a variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">swelter</i>

Other ſignes of the Hiues fullneſſe and readineſſe to ſwarm are at the Hiue-doore, […] Fourthly, their firſt lying forth in foggy and ſultrie mornings & euenings, & going in again when the aire is cleere.

1623, Charles Butler, “Of the Swarming of Bees, and the Hiuing of Them”, in The Feminine Monarchie: Or The Historie of Bees. Shewing Their Admirable Nature, and Propertes, Their Generation, and Colonies, Their Gouernment, Loyaltie, Art, Industrie, Enemies, Warres, Magnanimitie, &c. Together with the Right Ordering of Them from Time to Time: And the Sweet Profit Arising thereof. Written out of Experience, London: Printed by Iohn Haviland for Roger Iackson, and are to be sold at his shop in Fleetstreet, ouer against the Conduit, →OCLC:

On recollecting myself, I diſcovered that I had almoſt reached the entrance of the lagoon, and determined to venture in, if poſſible, to take a few fiſh, […] I ſoon caught more trout than I had preſent occaſion for, and the air was too hot and ſultry to admit of their being kept for many hours, even though ſalted or barbecued.

1793 January, William Bartram, “Art. II. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians. Embellished with Copper Plates. By William Bartram. Re-printed from the Philadelphia Edition. 8vo. pp. 520. 7s. 6d. boards. Johnson. 1792.”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume X, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, in Pall Mall, published 1794, →OCLC, page 17:

Here in the sultriest season let him rest, / Fresh is the green beneath those aged trees; / Here winds of gentlest wing will fan his breast, / From heaven itself he may inhale the breeze: […]

1812, Lord Byron, “Canto II”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: Printed for John Murray, […]; William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; by Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, stanza XLIX, page 85:

The detachment of Tancred, fifty spears and their armed retinue, which amounted fully to five hundred men, after having taken a short and hasty refreshment, were in arms and mounted before the sultry hour of noon.

1830 November – 1831 November (date written), Jedadiah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter XII, in Tales of My Landlord, Fourth and Last Series. […], volume II (Count Robert of Paris), Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Company] for Robert Cadell; London: Whittaker and Co., published 1 December 1831 (indicated as 1832), →OCLC, page 305:

The heat had been painfully oppressive all day; and it was now a close and sultry night.

1859 November 26 – 1860 August 25, [William] Wilkie Collins, “The Narrative of Walter Hartwright, of Clement’s Inn, London”, in The Woman in White. […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, […], published 1860, →OCLC, part I, section III, page 10, column 1:

The weather of the summer of 1863 was, if we include the above four months, not remarkable; but June and September had exceedingly fine weather, while July and August were very unhealthy, being warmer than usual and much damper—that is, sultry.

1864 January 22, Board of Aldermen of New York City, “Summary of Seven Daily Observations of the Temperature, Moisture, Weight, Direction, and Condition of the Atmosphere, for the Year 1863”, in Annual Report of the City Inspector of the City of New York for the Year Ending December 31, 1863 (Document No. 7), New York, N.Y.: Edmund Jones & Co., printers to the Corporation, No. 26 John Street, →OCLC, page 154:

The storm-center gathered slowly around the peaks; low rumble and bowl of thunder increased in frequence; slowly the light shaded as smoky clouds rolled up; the air grew sultrier, and the exasperating breeze puffed a few times and then failed.

1914 January, Zane Grey, “The Mountain Trail”, in The Light of Western Stars: A Romance, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 225:

The soldiers in charge of the English, puzzled apparently how to secure them, conceived the barbarous idea of diving the whole number into a cell which would have been overcrowded with ten captives during the sultry heat of a Bengal midsummer night. The hundred and forty-six unfortunate prisoners were crushed into the narrow space.

1931, Annie Besant, “Conquest and Tyranny”, in England, India, and Afghanistan: And the Story of Afghanistan or Why the Tory Government Gags the Indian Press: A Plea for the Weak against the Strong, 1st Indian edition, Aydar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, →OCLC, pages 26–27:

The Champions League has brought suffering to City and Guardiola - especially when they lost to Premier League rivals Chelsea in the 2021 final - but all the pain disappeared just before midnight on a sultry night in Istanbul.

2023 June 10, Phil McNulty, “Manchester City 1 - 0 Inter Milan”, in BBC Sport:


arcus

Borrowed from Latin arcus. Doublet of arc and arco. Distantly related to arrow.

(meteorology) A low, horizontal cloud typically forming at the leading edge of thunderstorm outflow


гром

ru-noun+

гро́мы,грома́*

гром • (grom) m inan (genitive гро́ма, nominative plural гро́мы or грома́^*, genitive plural громо́в, relational adjective громово́й) (* Poetic.)

grom (romanization)
гро́ма (genitive)
гро́мы (nominative plural)
грома́^* (nominative plural)
громо́в (genitive plural)
громово́й (adjective relational)
гро́м (nominative singular)
гро́мы (nominative plural)
грома́ (nominative plural)
grómy (nominative plural)
gromá (nominative plural)
гро́ма (genitive singular)
громо́в (genitive plural)
гро́му (dative singular)
грома́м (dative plural)
гро́м (accusative singular)
гро́мы (accusative plural)
грома́ (accusative plural)
grómy (accusative plural)
gromá (accusative plural)
гро́мом (instrumental singular)
грома́ми (instrumental plural)
гро́ме (prepositional singular)
грома́х (plural prepositional)
громъ (alternative)


atmospheric pressure

en-noun

atmospheric pressure (countable and uncountable, plural atmospheric pressures)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-atmospheric pressure.wav

Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:

(physics, meteorology) The pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere above an area.

lugdruk

pressure caused by weight of the atmosphere


fon

fon-fon (plural)
fohn (alternative)
Föhn (alternative)

From Dutch föhn (“foehn”), from German Föhn, from Vulgar Latin *faōnius, from Latin Favōnius (“Favonius”), a Roman wind god.

(meteorology) foehn, a warm dry wind blowing down the north sides of the Alps, especially in Switzerland, and similar warm dry wind developing on the lee side of a mountain


nubo

Borrowed from Esperanto nubo, French nue, Italian nube, Spanish nube, from Latin nūbēs.


diffusion

en-noun

diffusion (countable and uncountable, plural diffusions)

Borrowed from Latin diffūsiō, from diffundō; can be decomposed as diffuse + -ion.

(physics, weather) Exchange of airborne media between regions in space in an apparently random motion of a small scale.


lågtryck

lågtryck (indefinite nominative singular)
lågtrycks (genitive indefinite singular)
lågtrycket (definite nominative singular)
lågtryckets (definite genitive singular)
lågtryck (indefinite nominative plural)
lågtrycks (genitive indefinite plural)
lågtrycken (definite nominative plural)
lågtryckens (definite genitive plural)


högtryck

högtryck (indefinite nominative singular)
högtrycks (genitive indefinite singular)
högtrycket (definite nominative singular)
högtryckets (definite genitive singular)
högtryck (indefinite nominative plural)
högtrycks (genitive indefinite plural)
högtrycken (definite nominative plural)
högtryckens (definite genitive plural)

(meteorology) an area of higher atmospheric pressure than normal


CRM

CRM (countable and uncountable, plural CRMs)

(meteorology) Initialism of certified reference material.


saturation

saturation (usually uncountable, plural saturations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-saturation.wav

Etymology tree
Late Latin saturatiobor.
English saturation
Borrowed from Late Latin saturatio, saturationem.

etymon

(meteorology) The state of the atmosphere when it is saturated with water vapour; 100% humidity.


lapse

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-lapse.wav

From Middle French laps, from Latin lāpsus, from lābī (“to slip”). Doublet of lapsus.

(meteorology) A marked decrease in air temperature with increasing altitude because the ground is warmer than the surrounding air.


моряк

ru-noun+

моря́к • (morják) m anim or m inan (genitive моряка́, nominative plural моряки́, genitive plural моряко́в, feminine моря́чка, diminutive морячо́к)

моря́к (canonical)
morják (romanization)
моряка́ (genitive)
моряки́ (nominative plural)
моряко́в (genitive plural)
моря́чка (feminine)
морячо́к (diminutive)
моря́к (nominative singular)
моряки́ (nominative plural)
моряка́ (genitive singular)
моряко́в (genitive plural)
моряку́ (dative singular)
моряка́м (dative plural)
моряка́ (accusative animate singular)
моряко́в (accusative animate plural)
моря́к (accusative inanimate singular)
моряки́ (accusative inanimate plural)
моряко́м (instrumental singular)
моряка́ми (instrumental plural)
моряке́ (prepositional singular)
моряка́х (plural prepositional)

From Proto-Slavic *mořakъ (by surface analysis, мо́ре (móre, “sea”) + -я́к (-ják)), from Proto-Slavic *moře, from Proto-Indo-European *móri, whence English marine and maritime.

surf

(meteorology) sea breeze (a strong, biting wind that blows in from the sea around the mouths of rivers)


orkan

pl-noun

orkan m inan (related adjective orkanowy)

orkanowy (adjective)
orkan (nominative singular)
orkany (nominative plural)
orkanu (genitive singular)
orkanów (genitive plural)
orkanowi (dative singular)
orkanom (dative plural)
orkan (accusative singular)
orkany (accusative plural)
orkanem (instrumental singular)
orkanami (instrumental plural)
orkanie (locative singular)
orkanach (locative plural)
orkanie (singular vocative)
orkany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Orkan. Doublet of huragan.

(meteorology) European windstorm (strongest kind of extratropical cyclone occurring across the continent of Europe, associated with areas of low atmospheric pressure)

(meteorology) strong wind with a thunderstorm


istmo

Learned borrowing from Latin isthmus, from Ancient Greek ῐ̓σθμός (ĭsthmós, “neck”).

(by extension, meteorology)
(anatomy) isthmus


frente

LL-Q5146 (por)-Juliano P. Junho (Jjunho)-frente.wav

LL-Q5146 (por)-Nelson Ricardo 2500-frente.wav

Borrowed from Spanish frente f, from Old Spanish fruente f, from Latin frontem m. Doublet of fronte and front.

candeia que vai à frente alumia duas vezes


frente

→ Portuguese: frente

Inherited from Old Spanish fruente, from Latin frontem, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰron-t-, from *bʰren- (“project”).


depresión

(weather, physics) depression (area of low air pressure)


lourd

fr-adj

lourd (feminine lourde, masculine plural lourds, feminine plural lourdes)

lourde (feminine)
lourds (masculine plural)
lourdes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Middle French lourd, from Old French lorz, lourt, from Late Latin lurdus, lordus, probably from Latin lūridus (“sallow”), possibly influenced by Frankish *lort (“crooked, clumsy”); related to Old English lort (“crooked”).


tropic

en-adj

tropic (comparative more tropic, superlative most tropic)

more tropic (comparative)
most tropic (superlative)
trop. (alternative abbreviation)
tropick (alternative obsolete)
Tropic (alternative)

From Late Latin tropicus (“of or pertaining to the solstice, as a noun, one of the tropics”), from Ancient Greek τροπικός (tropikós, “of or pertaining to a turn or change; or the solstice; or a trope or figure; tropic; tropical; etc.”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “turn; solstice; trope”).

der

Of, or relating to the tropics; tropical.


macroburst

(meteorology) A strong downdraft, of over 2.5 miles in diameter, that can cause damaging winds.


microburst

This resulted in the aircraft’s encounter at low altitude with a microburst-induced, severe wind shear from a rapidly developing thunderstorm located on the final approach course.

1986 August 15, National Transportation Safety Board, “Synopsis”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Delta Air Lines, Inc., Lockheed L-1011-385-1, N726DA, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, August 2, 1985, archived from the original on 2021-03-18, page 1:

(meteorology) A strong downdraft, of less than 2.5 miles in diameter, that can cause damaging winds and powerful wind shear.


hæð

is-noun

hæð f (genitive singular hæðar, nominative plural hæðir)

hæðar (genitive singular)
hæðir (nominative plural)
hæð (indefinite nominative singular)
hæðin (definite nominative singular)
hæðir (indefinite nominative plural)
hæðirnar (definite nominative plural)
hæð (accusative indefinite singular)
hæðina (accusative definite singular)
hæðir (accusative indefinite plural)
hæðirnar (accusative definite plural)
hæð (dative indefinite singular)
hæðinni (dative definite singular)
hæðum (dative indefinite plural)
hæðunum (dative definite plural)
hæðar (genitive indefinite singular)
hæðarinnar (definite genitive singular)
hæða (genitive indefinite plural)
hæðanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse hæð, from Proto-Germanic *hauhiþō. Compare Norwegian høgd, Norwegian Nynorsk hædd, Faroese hædd, Swedish höjd, Dutch hoogte, Old High German hohida, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌹𐌸𐌰 (hauhiþa), English height.

(meteorology) a high, a high-pressure area⁽ʷⁱᵏⁱ⁾


hagl

head

hagl n (singular definite haglet, plural indefinite hagl)

haglet (definite singular)
hagl (indefinite plural)
hagl (indefinite nominative singular)
haglet (definite nominative singular)
hagl (indefinite nominative plural)
haglene (definite nominative plural)
hagls (genitive indefinite singular)
haglets (definite genitive singular)
hagls (genitive indefinite plural)
haglenes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse hagl, from Proto-Germanic *haglą (“hail”), cognate with Norwegian hagl, Swedish hagel, English hail, German Hagel, Dutch hagel.


skarpeta

skarpetka (diminutive)
skarpeta (nominative singular)
skarpety (nominative plural)
skarpety (genitive singular)
skarpet (genitive plural)
skarpecie (dative singular)
skarpetom (dative plural)
skarpetę (accusative singular)
skarpety (accusative plural)
skarpetą (instrumental singular)
skarpetami (instrumental plural)
skarpecie (locative singular)
skarpetach (locative plural)
skarpeto (singular vocative)
skarpety (plural vocative)

(aviation, informal, meteorology) windsock


cyclo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cyclo-.wav


downburst

From down- + burst, coined by American meteorologist Horace R. Byers and Japanese and American meteorologist Tetsuya T. Fujita in November 1975.

coinage

(meteorology) A powerful downward air current, especially one during a thunderstorm, often creating powerful divergent horizontal winds and strong wind shear upon impacting the surface.


isolated

en-adj

isolated (comparative more isolated, superlative most isolated)

more isolated (comparative)
most isolated (superlative)

A rendering into English of French isolé.

(meteorology, of precipitation) Affecting ten to twenty percent of a forecast zone.


grêler

grêler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
grêlant (gerund participle present)
grêlant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
grêlé (participle past)
grêlé (participle past)
grêle (indicative present singular third-person)
grêlait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
grêlait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
grêla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
grêla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
grêlera (future indicative singular third-person)
grêlerait (conditional singular third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
grêle (present singular subjunctive third-person)
grêlât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
grêlât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)


jet stream

jet streams (plural)
jetstream (alternative)

(meteorology) any of the high-speed, high-altitude air currents that circle the Earth in a westerly direction


persistence

en-noun

persistence (countable and uncountable, plural persistences)

(meteorology) Continuation of the previous day's weather (particularly temperature and precipitation statistics).


deposition

deposition (countable and uncountable, plural depositions)

From Middle English deposicion, from Old French deposicion (French déposition), from Latin depositio.

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease

(meteorology) The formation of snow or frost directly from water vapor.


easterly

(meteorology) Any persistent wind from the east (usually applied to broad currents or belts of easterly winds).


ураган

ru-noun+

урага́н • (uragán) m inan (genitive урага́на, nominative plural урага́ны, genitive plural урага́нов)

урага́н (canonical)
uragán (romanization)
урага́на (genitive)
урага́ны (nominative plural)
урага́нов (genitive plural)
урага́н (nominative singular)
урага́ны (nominative plural)
урага́на (genitive singular)
урага́нов (genitive plural)
урага́ну (dative singular)
урага́нам (dative plural)
урага́н (accusative singular)
урага́ны (accusative plural)
урага́ном (instrumental singular)
урага́нами (instrumental plural)
урага́не (prepositional singular)
урага́нах (plural prepositional)

→ Yiddish: הוראַגאַן (huragan)

(meteorology) hurricane-force wind; a windstorm with wind speeds over 32 m/s


dara

head

dara (usually uncountable, plural darák)

darák (plural)
dara (nominative singular)
darák (nominative plural)
darát (accusative singular)
darákat (accusative plural)
darának (dative singular)
daráknak (dative plural)
darával (instrumental singular)
darákkal (instrumental plural)
daráért (causal-final singular)
darákért (causal-final plural)
darává (singular translative)
darákká (plural translative)
daráig (singular terminative)
darákig (plural terminative)
daraként (essive-formal singular)
darákként (essive-formal plural)
darában (inessive singular)
darákban (inessive plural)
darán (singular superessive)
darákon (plural superessive)
daránál (adessive singular)
daráknál (adessive plural)
darába (illative singular)
darákba (illative plural)
darára (singular sublative)
darákra (plural sublative)
darához (allative singular)
darákhoz (allative plural)
darából (elative singular)
darákból (elative plural)
daráról (delative singular)
darákról (delative plural)
darától (ablative singular)
daráktól (ablative plural)
daráé (singular)
daráké (plural)
daráéi (singular)
darákéi (plural)
darám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
daráim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
darád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
daráid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
darája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
darái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
daránk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
daráink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
darátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
daráitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
darájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
daráik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from a Turkic language. Compare Turkish darı.


погода

ru-noun+

пого́да • (pogóda) f inan (genitive пого́ды, nominative plural пого́ды, genitive plural пого́д, relational adjective пого́дный, diminutive пого́дка)

пого́да (canonical)
pogóda (romanization)
пого́ды (genitive)
пого́ды (nominative plural)
пого́д (genitive plural)
пого́дный (adjective relational)
пого́дка (diminutive)
пого́да (nominative singular)
пого́ды (nominative plural)
пого́ды (genitive singular)
пого́д (genitive plural)
пого́де (dative singular)
пого́дам (dative plural)
пого́ду (accusative singular)
пого́ды (accusative plural)
пого́дой (instrumental singular)
пого́дою (instrumental singular)
пого́дами (instrumental plural)
пого́де (prepositional singular)
пого́дах (plural prepositional)
пого́да (dated nominative singular)
пого́ды (dated nominative plural)
пого́ды (dated genitive singular)
пого́дъ (dated genitive plural)
пого́дѣ (dated dative singular)
пого́дамъ (dated dative plural)
пого́ду (accusative dated singular)
пого́ды (accusative dated plural)
пого́дой (dated instrumental singular)
пого́дою (dated instrumental singular)
пого́дами (dated instrumental plural)
пого́дѣ (dated prepositional singular)
пого́дахъ (dated plural prepositional)

Inherited from Old East Slavic погода (pogoda), from Proto-Slavic *pogoda.

inh+

Пресле́дование неве́ст, за́висть това́рищей, бо́лее сочинённая им сами́м, чем действи́тельная, чьи́-то подозрева́емые им ко́зни, — всё э́то де́лало его́ жизнь ску́чною и печа́льною, как э́та пого́да, кото́рая не́сколько дней подря́д стоя́ла хму́рая и ча́сто разреша́лась ме́дленными, скупы́ми, но до́лгими и холо́дными дождя́ми.

1905, Фёдор Сологуб [Fyodor Sologub], chapter IX, in Мелкий бес; English translation from John Cournos and Richard Aldington, transl., The Little Demon, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1916:

The pursuit of him by would-be brides, the envy of his comrades, more often the product of his imagination than an actual fact, all sorts of suspected snares—all this made his life wearisome and unhappy, like the weather which for several successive days had been bleak, and often resolved itself into slow and scant, but cold and prolonged rains.

Preslédovanije nevést, závistʹ továriščej, bóleje sočinjónnaja im samím, čem dejstvítelʹnaja, čʹí-to podozrevájemyje im kózni, — vsjo éto délalo jevó žiznʹ skúčnoju i pečálʹnoju, kak éta pogóda, kotóraja néskolʹko dnej podrjád stojála xmúraja i částo razrešálasʹ médlennymi, skupými, no dólgimi i xolódnymi doždjámi.


погода

uk-noun

пого́да • (pohóda) f inan (genitive пого́ди, uncountable)

пого́да (canonical)
pohóda (romanization)
пого́ди (genitive)
пого́да (nominative singular)
пого́ди (genitive singular)
пого́ді (dative singular)
пого́ду (accusative singular)
пого́дою (instrumental singular)
пого́ді (locative singular)
пого́до (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Ruthenian пого́да (pohóda), from Old East Slavic погода (pogoda), from Proto-Slavic *pogoda.


bewolkt

nl-adj

bewolkt (comparative bewolkter, superlative bewolktst)

bewolkter (comparative)
bewolktst (superlative)
bewolkt (adverbial positive predicative)
bewolkter (adverbial comparative predicative)
het bewolktst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het bewolktste (adverbial predicative superlative)
bewolkte (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
bewolktere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
bewolktste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
bewolkt (indefinite neuter positive singular)
bewolkter (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
bewolktste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
bewolkte (indefinite plural positive)
bewolktere (comparative indefinite plural)
bewolktste (indefinite plural superlative)
bewolkte (definite positive)
bewolktere (comparative definite)
bewolktste (definite superlative)
bewolkts (partitive positive)
bewolkters (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: bewolkt

Ostensibly the past participle of rare and long-obsolete bewolken, but synchronically to be interpreted as pseudo-participial wolk + be- -d.


zonnig

zonnig (comparative zonniger, superlative zonnigst)

zonniger (comparative)
zonnigst (superlative)
zonnig (adverbial positive predicative)
zonniger (adverbial comparative predicative)
het zonnigst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het zonnigste (adverbial predicative superlative)
zonnige (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
zonnigere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
zonnigste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
zonnig (indefinite neuter positive singular)
zonniger (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
zonnigste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
zonnige (indefinite plural positive)
zonnigere (comparative indefinite plural)
zonnigste (indefinite plural superlative)
zonnige (definite positive)
zonnigere (comparative definite)
zonnigste (definite superlative)
zonnigs (partitive positive)
zonnigers (comparative partitive)
zunig (alternative dialectal)

Afrikaans: sonnig


ascendance

(meteorology) thermal. Area of rising air used by glider pilots.


pannus

Borrowed from Latin pannus (“cloth”). Doublet of pagne, pan, and pane.

(meteorology) A type of accessory cloud, looking like shreds either attached to, or separated from, the main cloud formation; mainly associated with nimbostratus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus.


occlusion

en-noun

occlusion (countable and uncountable, plural occlusions)

Borrowed from Late Latin occlūsiō, occlūsiōnis (“occluding, obstruction”), from the Classical Latin occlūdō (“I shut up or close up; I restrain”), from ob + claudō (“I shut or close”).


thundercloud

thunder and lightning
thunder and lightning

(meteorology) A large, dark cloud, usually a cumulonimbus, charged with electricity and producing thunder and lightning; a storm cloud.


νέφος

néfos (romanization)
νέφη (plural)
νέφος (nominative singular)
νέφη (nominative plural)
νέφους (genitive singular)
νεφών (genitive plural)
νέφος (accusative singular)
νέφη (accusative plural)
νέφος (singular vocative)
νέφη (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νέφος (néphos).


pallium

Borrowed from Latin pallium (“a cloak”). Doublet of pall.

(obsolete, meteorology) A sheet of cloud covering the whole sky, especially nimbostratus.


PAR

Philippine Area of Responsibility
w:Philippine Area of Responsibility

(Philippines, meteorology) Acronym of Philippine Area of Responsibility.


lets

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European [Term?]. Compare Lithuanian lietùs, Latvian liêtus, however Old Prussian aglo (“rain”), suge.

deszcz — letſ


stratospheric

en-adj

stratospheric (comparative more stratospheric, superlative most stratospheric)

more stratospheric (comparative)
most stratospheric (superlative)

/ˌstɹætəˈsfɛɹɪk/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stratospheric.wav

/ˌstɹætəˈsfɛɹɪk/

From stratosphere + -ic (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives from nouns).

suffix

Stratospheric fighting brings a new dimension to warfare, taking it into the realm of the fantastic—like an Orson Wells^([sic – meaning Orson Welles]) drama in which cities are bombed from the stratosphere beyond reach of anti-aircraft fire and barrage balloon and in relative safety from enemy pursuit ships.

1941 December, Don M. Paul, “Modern Men of Mars!”, in Will Lane, editor, Minicam Photography, volume 5, number 4, Cincinnati, Oh.: Automobile Digest Publishing Corp., →OCLC, page 16, column 1:

This new pen operates on the principle of capillary attraction. It writes with greater ease than the smoothest lead pencil; writes on cloth or paper submerged in water or in an airplane at the ceiling of stratospheric air travel without leaking; writes on glossy paper, soft paper, blotting paper, or cloth without spreading.

1945 August, “New Products and Processes”, in Orson D[esaix] Munn, editor, Scientific American, volume 173, number 2, New York, N.Y.: Munn & Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 114, column 3:

During the World War he [Jean Piccard] became professor of organic chemistry at Chicago, but later he changed his field. The famous stratospheric flights of his brother Auguste [Piccard]—they are very similar twins and their voices on the radio indistinguishable—caused him to turn to aeronautics and to take on a professorship in aeronautical engineering at the University of Minnesota.

1965 March 25, Richard Willstätter, “Professorship at Zurich”, in Lilli S[chwenk] Hornig, transl., From My Life: The Memoirs of Richard Willstätter […], New York, N.Y., Amsterdam: W. A. Cummings, →OCLC, page 201:

Halocarbons (which include CFCs [chlorofluorocarbons] and halons) are potent stratospheric ozone depleters as well as greenhouse gases. Concern over their role as a threat to the ozone layer led in September 1987 to "The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer" (or the Montreal Protocol).

1990 December, “Technological Options for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions”, in Daniel A. Lashof, Dennis A. Tirpak, editors, Policy Options for Stabilizing Global Climate: Report to Congress (21P-2003.1), Washington, D.C.: Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, United States Environmental Protection Agency, →OCLC, page 34, column 2:

The stratospheric temperatures in Saturn's atmosphere are generally lower than those found in Jupiter's, which might be expected from Saturn's increased distance from the Sun. However, the stratospheric temperatures of Uranus and Neptune are noticeably and puzzlingly different.

2009, Patrick G. J. Irwin, “Vertical Structure of Temperature, Composition, and Clouds”, in Philippe Blondel, John Mason, editors, Giant Planets of Our Solar System: Atmospheres, Composition, and Structure (Springer-Praxis Books in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences), 2nd edition, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; Chichester, West Sussex: Praxis Publishing, →ISBN, section 4.1.4 (Temperature/Pressure Profiles of the Outer Planets), page 83:

Because one can alter the entire climate with as little as 10,000 tons of super-efficient stratospheric scatters, an amount that could be lifted in a month by a single heavy lift stratospheric aircraft, there is extraordinary scope to develop new tools to allow more precise alteration of radiative forcing.

2013, David Keith, “Technology and Design”, in A Case for Climate Engineering (A Boston Review Book), Cambridge, Mass., London: The MIT Press, →ISBN, pages 109–110:

(meteorology) Of, relating to, or occurring in the stratosphere (“the region of the uppermost atmosphere”).

stratosférický

of, relating to, or occurring in the stratosphere


snow day

(meteorology) A day on which a fall of snow is observed.


estratosfera

(meteorology, planetology) stratosphere (layer of Earth's atmosphere)


icehouse

(climatology) A cold state in global climate.


rygg

rygg m (definite singular ryggen, indefinite plural rygger, definite plural ryggene)

ryggen (definite singular)
rygger (indefinite plural)
ryggene (definite plural)


rafale

Origin uncertain. Possibly related to Italian raffica influenced by affaler.

(meteorology) gust (strong, abrupt rush of wind)


sis

head

sis (definite accusative sisi, plural sisler)

sisi (accusative definite)
sisler (plural)
sis (nominative singular)
sisler (nominative plural)
sisi (accusative definite singular)
sisleri (accusative definite plural)
sise (dative singular)
sislere (dative plural)
siste (locative singular)
sislerde (locative plural)
sisten (ablative singular)
sislerden (ablative plural)
sisin (genitive singular)
sislerin (genitive plural)
sisim (first-person nominative singular)
sislerim (first-person nominative singular)
sisin (nominative second-person singular)
sislerin (nominative second-person singular)
sisi (nominative singular third-person)
sisleri (nominative singular third-person)
sisimiz (first-person nominative plural)
sislerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
sisiniz (nominative plural second-person)
sisleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
sisleri (nominative plural third-person)
sisimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
sislerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
sisini (accusative definite second-person singular)
sislerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
sisini (accusative definite singular third-person)
sislerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
sisimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
sislerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
sisinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
sislerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
sislerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
sisime (dative first-person singular)
sislerime (dative first-person singular)
sisine (dative second-person singular)
sislerine (dative second-person singular)
sisine (dative singular third-person)
sislerine (dative singular third-person)
sisimize (dative first-person plural)
sislerimize (dative first-person plural)
sisinize (dative plural second-person)
sislerinize (dative plural second-person)
sislerine (dative plural third-person)
sisimde (first-person locative singular)
sislerimde (first-person locative singular)
sisinde (locative second-person singular)
sislerinde (locative second-person singular)
sisinde (locative singular third-person)
sislerinde (locative singular third-person)
sisimizde (first-person locative plural)
sislerimizde (first-person locative plural)
sisinizde (locative plural second-person)
sislerinizde (locative plural second-person)
sislerinde (locative plural third-person)
sisimden (ablative first-person singular)
sislerimden (ablative first-person singular)
sisinden (ablative second-person singular)
sislerinden (ablative second-person singular)
sisinden (ablative singular third-person)
sislerinden (ablative singular third-person)
sisimizden (ablative first-person plural)
sislerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
sisinizden (ablative plural second-person)
sislerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
sislerinden (ablative plural third-person)
sisimin (first-person genitive singular)
sislerimin (first-person genitive singular)
sisinin (genitive second-person singular)
sislerinin (genitive second-person singular)
sisinin (genitive singular third-person)
sislerinin (genitive singular third-person)
sisimizin (first-person genitive plural)
sislerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
sisinizin (genitive plural second-person)
sislerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
sislerinin (genitive plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish سیس (sis, “freckle, spot; mist, fog”), origin unknown.


velum

Borrowed from Latin vēlum (“a cloth, covering, awning, curtain, veil”). Doublet of veil.

bor

(meteorology) An accessory cloud resembling a veil extending over a large distance; normally associated with cumulus and cumulonimbus.


streamline

stroomlijn

meteorology: line that is tangent to the velocity of flow of the wind

(meteorology) On a weather chart, a line that is tangent to the flow of the wind.


isothermic

(meteorology) Of equal or constant temperature with respect to space, volume, or pressure.

izotermický

of equal or constant temperature with respect to space, volume, or pressure


stratocumulus

(meteorology) A principal low-level cloud type, predominantly stratiform, in the form of a gray and/or whitish layer or patch, which nearly always has dark parts and is nonfibrous.


מטר

he-noun

מָטָר • (matár) m (plural indefinite מְטָרִים, singular construct מְטַר־, plural construct מִטְרֵי־) [pattern: קָטָל]

מָטָר (canonical)
matár (romanization)
מְטָרִים (indefinite plural)
מְטַר־ (construct singular)
מִטְרֵי־ (construct plural)

[mɔːˈtˤɔːrˤ]

From Proto-Semitic [Term?]. Compare Aramaic ܡܛܪܐ, מִטְרָא (miṭrā), Arabic مَطَر (maṭar).


ветер

mk-noun

ветер • (veter) m (plural ветрови, relational adjective ветерен, diminutive ветерче or ветре, augmentative ветериште or ветриште)

veter (romanization)
ветрови (plural)
ветерен (adjective relational)
ветерче (diminutive)
ветре (diminutive)
ветериште (augmentative)
ветриште (augmentative)
ветер (indefinite singular)
ветрови (indefinite plural)
ветерот (definite singular unspecified)
ветровите (definite plural unspecified)
ветеров (definite proximal singular)
ветровиве (definite plural proximal)
ветерон (definite distal singular)
ветровине (definite distal plural)
ветеру (singular vocative)
ветрови (plural vocative)
ветера (count-form plural)
ветар (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *větrъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-.

Вчера дуваше силен ветер.


ветер

ru-noun+

ве́тер • (véter) m inan (genitive ве́тра, nominative plural ве́тры or ветра́^*, genitive plural ветро́в or ве́тров, relational adjective ветрово́й or ветряно́й, diminutive ветеро́к, augmentative ветри́ще or ветрю́га) (* Poetic.)

ве́тер (canonical)
véter (romanization)
ве́тра (genitive)
ве́тры (nominative plural)
ветра́^* (nominative plural)
ветро́в (genitive plural)
ве́тров (genitive plural)
ветрово́й (adjective relational)
ветряно́й (adjective relational)
ветеро́к (diminutive)
ветри́ще (augmentative)
ветрю́га (augmentative)
ве́тер (nominative singular)
ве́тры (nominative plural)
ветра́ (nominative plural)
vétry (nominative plural)
vetrá (nominative plural)
ве́тра (genitive singular)
ветро́в (genitive plural)
ве́тров (genitive plural)
ве́тру (dative singular)
ветра́м (dative plural)
ве́трам (dative plural)
ве́тер (accusative singular)
ве́тры (accusative plural)
ветра́ (accusative plural)
vétry (accusative plural)
vetrá (accusative plural)
ве́тром (instrumental singular)
ветра́ми (instrumental plural)
ве́трами (instrumental plural)
ве́тре (prepositional singular)
ветра́х (plural prepositional)
ве́трах (plural prepositional)
ве́тру (partitive singular)
на ветру́ (locative singular)
вѣ́теръ (alternative)
ветр (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *větrъ.
Cognates include English nirvana from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), and English weather, athlete, vent and wind.

cog

выве́триваться impfвыве́тривание nзаве́триться pfобве́трить pfпрове́трить

ветрова́льность fветрогенера́тор mветрого́н

ветрого́нство nветродви́гатель mветроду́в

ветрозащи́та fветроколесо́ nветроло́в mветроло́м

ветроло́мныйветроме́р mветронасо́сныйветронепроница́емыйветроопыля́емый

ветроопыле́ние nветропесча́ныйветропроница́емость fветросилово́йветросилова́я устано́вка fветротурби́на fветроуда́рный mветроуда́рный склон mветроуказа́тель mветроустано́вка fветроусто́йчивый

ветроусто́йчивость fветроэлектроста́нция fветроэнерге́тика

пусти́ть по́ ветру

пусти́ть на ве́тер pf (pustítʹ na véter)

-вева́ть impf (-vevátʹ); -ве́ивать impf (-véivatʹ)

ве́ять impfве́ялка fве́яльщик m animве́яние nве́ятель mнаве́ять

наве́ивать impfове́ять pfпове́ять pfразве́ять


seclusion

en-noun

seclusion (countable and uncountable, plural seclusions)

From Medieval Latin, from Latin seclusio, from secludere.

warm seclusion

(meteorology) The mature phase of the extratropical cyclone life cycle.


sataa

tlb

(transitive, usually atelic, impersonal)

sadan (first-person indicative present singular)
en sada (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen satanut (first-person indicative perfect singular)
en ole satanut (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
sadat (indicative present second-person singular)
et sada (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet satanut (indicative perfect second-person singular)
et ole satanut (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
sataa (indicative present singular third-person)
ei sada (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on satanut (indicative perfect singular third-person)
ei ole satanut (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
sadamme (first-person indicative plural present)
emme sada (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme sataneet (first-person indicative perfect plural)
emme ole sataneet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
sadatte (indicative plural present second-person)
ette sada (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette sataneet (indicative perfect plural second-person)
ette ole sataneet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
satavat (indicative plural present third-person)
eivät sada (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat sataneet (indicative perfect plural third-person)
eivät ole sataneet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
sadetaan (indicative passive present)
ei sadeta (indicative negative passive present)
on sadettu (indicative passive perfect)
ei ole sadettu (indicative negative passive perfect)
sadoin (first-person indicative past singular)
en satanut (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin satanut (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
en ollut satanut (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
sadoit (indicative past second-person singular)
et satanut (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit satanut (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
et ollut satanut (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
satoi (indicative past singular third-person)
ei satanut (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli satanut (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ei ollut satanut (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
sadoimme (first-person indicative past plural)
emme sataneet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme sataneet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
emme olleet sataneet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
sadoitte (indicative past plural second-person)
ette sataneet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte sataneet (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ette olleet sataneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
satoivat (indicative past plural third-person)
eivät sataneet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat sataneet (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
eivät olleet sataneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
sadettiin (indicative passive past)
ei sadettu (indicative negative passive past)
oli sadettu (indicative passive pluperfect)
ei ollut sadettu (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
sataisin (conditional first-person present singular)
en sataisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin satanut (conditional first-person perfect singular)
en olisi satanut (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
sataisit (conditional present second-person singular)
et sataisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit satanut (conditional perfect second-person singular)
et olisi satanut (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
sataisi (conditional present singular third-person)
ei sataisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi satanut (conditional perfect singular third-person)
ei olisi satanut (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
sataisimme (conditional first-person plural present)
emme sataisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme sataneet (conditional first-person perfect plural)
emme olisi sataneet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
sataisitte (conditional plural present second-person)
ette sataisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte sataneet (conditional perfect plural second-person)
ette olisi sataneet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
sataisivat (conditional plural present third-person)
eivät sataisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat sataneet (conditional perfect plural third-person)
eivät olisi sataneet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
sadettaisiin (conditional passive present)
ei sadettaisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi sadettu (conditional passive perfect)
ei olisi sadettu (conditional negative passive perfect)
sada (imperative present second-person singular)
älä sada (imperative negative present second-person singular)
satakoon (imperative present singular third-person)
älköön satako (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon satanut (imperative perfect singular third-person)
älköön olko satanut (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
satakaamme (first-person imperative plural present)
älkäämme satako (first-person imperative negative plural present)
satakaa (imperative plural present second-person)
älkää satako (imperative negative plural present second-person)
satakoot (imperative plural present third-person)
älkööt satako (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot sataneet (imperative perfect plural third-person)
älkööt olko sataneet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
sadettakoon (imperative passive present)
älköön sadettako (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon sadettu (imperative passive perfect)
älköön olko sadettu (imperative negative passive perfect)
satanen (first-person potential present singular)
en satane (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen satanut (first-person perfect potential singular)
en liene satanut (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
satanet (potential present second-person singular)
et satane (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet satanut (perfect potential second-person singular)
et liene satanut (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
satanee (potential present singular third-person)
ei satane (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee satanut (perfect potential singular third-person)
ei liene satanut (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
satanemme (first-person plural potential present)
emme satane (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme sataneet (first-person perfect plural potential)
emme liene sataneet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
satanette (plural potential present second-person)
ette satane (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette sataneet (perfect plural potential second-person)
ette liene sataneet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
satanevat (plural potential present third-person)
eivät satane (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät sataneet (perfect plural potential third-person)
eivät liene sataneet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
sadettaneen (passive potential present)
ei sadettane (negative passive potential present)
lienee sadettu (passive perfect potential)
ei liene sadettu (negative passive perfect potential)
sataa (infinitive infinitive-i)
satava (active participle present)
sadettava (participle passive present)
sataakseni (first-person possessive singular)
sataaksemme (first-person plural possessive)
sataaksesi (possessive second-person singular)
sataaksenne (plural possessive second-person)
sataakseen (possessive third-person)
sataaksensa (possessive third-person)
satanut (infinitive-i-long past)
sadettu (infinitive-i-long past)
sataessa (inessive second-person)
sadettaessa (inessive second-person)
satama (agent)
sataessani (first-person possessive singular)
sataessamme (first-person plural possessive)
sataessasi (possessive second-person singular)
sataessanne (plural possessive second-person)
sataessaan (possessive third-person)
sataessansa (possessive third-person)
satamaton (inessive negative second-person)
sataen (instructive second-person)
satamassa (inessive third-person)
satamasta (elative third-person)
satamaan (illative third-person)
satamalla (adessive third-person)
satamatta (abessive third-person)
sataman (instructive third-person)
sadettaman (instructive third-person)
sataminen (fourth-person noun-from-verb)
satamaisillani (first-person possessive singular)
satamaisillamme (first-person plural possessive)
satamaisillasi (possessive second-person singular)
satamaisillanne (plural possessive second-person)
satamaisillaan (possessive third-person)
satamaisillansa (possessive third-person)

[ˈs̠ɑ̝t̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]

From Proto-Finnic *satadak (“to fall”), from Proto-Uralic *śada-, possibly from Indo-Iranian.

sataa kaatamalla

Sataa (vettä).

Huomenna sataa, mutta emme tiedä, tuleeko se vetenä vai lumena.

It will precipitate tomorrow, but we don't know whether as rain or snow.

(meteorology) to precipitate (to have water in the air fall to the ground): to rain, snow, sleet, hail


hari

hari-hari (plural)
ari (alternative Jakarta)

Inherited from Malay hari (see there for more details), from Proto-Malayic *ari, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *waʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi.

(meteorology) a 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise


storyline

storylines (plural)
story line (alternative)

From story + line. The climate science usage is defined in the IPCC WG III AR5 report (2014).

(climate science) A narrative description of a given modeling scenario, highlighting its main characteristics and underlying technical and socioeconomic drivers.


dolu

head

dolu (definite accusative doluyu, plural dolular)

doluyu (accusative definite)
dolular (plural)

From Proto-Common Turkic *tolu (“hail”).


градъ

градъ • (gradŭ) m

cu-noun

градъ • (gradŭ) m

gradŭ (romanization)
градъ (nominative singular)
града (genitive singular)
градоу (dative singular)
градъ (accusative singular)
градомъ (instrumental singular)
градѣ (locative singular)
граде (singular vocative)

Bulgarian: град (grad)

Macedonian: град (grad)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gràdъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-. Cognate with Latin grandō, Lithuanian grúodas and Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut).

(please add the Glagolitic text of this quotation)

11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 77:47:

(meteorology) hail (balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation)


rainshadow

(meteorology) Alternative form of rain shadow.


晴れる

ja-verb

晴(は)れる • (hareru) intransitive ichidan (stem 晴(は)れ (hare), past 晴(は)れた (hareta))

晴れる (canonical)
hareru (romanization)
晴れ (stem)
晴れた (past)
晴れ
はれ
hare
晴れる
はれる
hareru
晴れれ
はれれ
harere
晴れよ (imperative literary)
晴れろ (colloquial imperative)
はれよ (imperative literary)
はれろ (colloquial imperative)
hareyo (imperative literary)
harero (colloquial imperative)
晴れられる (passive)
はれられる (passive)
harerareru (passive)
晴れさせる (causative)
晴れさす (causative)
はれさせる (causative)
はれさす (causative)
haresaseru (causative)
haresasu (causative)
晴れられる (potential)
晴れれる (colloquial potential)
はれられる (potential)
はれれる (colloquial potential)
harerareru (potential)
harereru (colloquial potential)
晴れよう (volitional)
はれよう (volitional)
hareyō (volitional)
晴れない (negative)
晴れぬ (negative)
晴れん (negative)
はれない (negative)
はれぬ (negative)
はれん (negative)
harenai (negative)
harenu (negative)
haren (negative)
晴れず (continuative negative)
はれず (continuative negative)
harezu (continuative negative)
晴れます (formal)
はれます (formal)
haremasu (formal)
晴れた (perfective)
はれた (perfective)
hareta (perfective)
晴れて (conjunctive)
はれて (conjunctive)
harete (conjunctive)
晴れれば (conditional hypothetical)
はれれば (conditional hypothetical)
harereba (conditional hypothetical)

晴れた空


vihar

viharok (plural)
vihar (nominative singular)
viharok (nominative plural)
vihart (accusative singular)
viharokat (accusative plural)
viharnak (dative singular)
viharoknak (dative plural)
viharral (instrumental singular)
viharokkal (instrumental plural)
viharért (causal-final singular)
viharokért (causal-final plural)
viharrá (singular translative)
viharokká (plural translative)
viharig (singular terminative)
viharokig (plural terminative)
viharként (essive-formal singular)
viharokként (essive-formal plural)
viharban (inessive singular)
viharokban (inessive plural)
viharon (singular superessive)
viharokon (plural superessive)
viharnál (adessive singular)
viharoknál (adessive plural)
viharba (illative singular)
viharokba (illative plural)
viharra (singular sublative)
viharokra (plural sublative)
viharhoz (allative singular)
viharokhoz (allative plural)
viharból (elative singular)
viharokból (elative plural)
viharról (delative singular)
viharokról (delative plural)
vihartól (ablative singular)
viharoktól (ablative plural)
viharé (singular)
viharoké (plural)
viharéi (singular)
viharokéi (plural)
viharom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
viharaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
viharod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
viharaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
vihara (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
viharai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
viharunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
viharaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
viharotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
viharaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
viharuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
viharaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *vixъrъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian vihor.


pluvo

From Esperanto pluvo, from Latin pluvia. In length from English pluvial, French pluvial, Italian pluviale, Spanish pluvial.


fulmo

eo-head

fulmo (accusative singular fulmon, plural fulmoj, accusative plural fulmojn)

fulmon (accusative singular)
fulmoj (plural)
fulmojn (accusative plural)


туман

be-noun

тума́н • (tumán) m inan (genitive тума́на, nominative plural тума́ны, genitive plural тума́наў)

тума́н (canonical)
tumán (romanization)
тума́на (genitive)
тума́ны (nominative plural)
тума́наў (genitive plural)
тума́н (nominative singular)
тума́ны (nominative plural)
тума́на (genitive singular)
тума́наў (genitive plural)
тума́ну (dative singular)
тума́нам (dative plural)
тума́н (accusative singular)
тума́ны (accusative plural)
тума́нам (instrumental singular)
тума́намі (instrumental plural)
тума́не (locative singular)
тума́нах (locative plural)
тума́ны (count-form plural)

From a Turkic source. Cognates include Russian тума́н (tumán), see there for more.


туман

ru-noun+

тума́н • (tumán) m inan (genitive тума́на, nominative plural тума́ны, genitive plural тума́нов, relational adjective тума́нный)

тума́н (canonical)
tumán (romanization)
тума́на (genitive)
тума́ны (nominative plural)
тума́нов (genitive plural)
тума́нный (adjective relational)
тума́н (nominative singular)
тума́ны (nominative plural)
тума́на (genitive singular)
тума́нов (genitive plural)
тума́ну (dative singular)
тума́нам (dative plural)
тума́н (accusative singular)
тума́ны (accusative plural)
тума́ном (instrumental singular)
тума́нами (instrumental plural)
тума́не (prepositional singular)
тума́нах (plural prepositional)
тума́ну (partitive singular)
тума́нъ (alternative)

Attested since the 17th century.
Borrowed from a Turkic source. Ultimately, from Proto-Turkic *tuman (“mist, fog”), or from Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬥𐬨𐬀𐬥 (dunman, “fog, mist”), 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬄𐬥𐬨𐬀𐬥 (duuąnman, “cloud”), from Proto-Iranian *dʰuHmás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás. Doublet of дым (dym), which was inherited.
Compare Turkish duman, Kazakh тұман (tūman), Tatar томан (toman), Persian دود (dud): دودمان (dudmân, “smoke, soot”).

быть как в тума́не

напусти́ть тума́ну