туман

uk-noun

тума́н<genu>

тума́н • (tumán) m inan (genitive тума́ну, nominative plural тума́ни, genitive plural тума́нів, relational adjective тума́нний)

тума́н (canonical)
tumán (romanization)
тума́ну (genitive)
тума́ни (nominative plural)
тума́нів (genitive plural)
тума́нний (adjective relational)
тума́н (nominative singular)
тума́ни (nominative plural)
тума́ну (genitive singular)
тума́нів (genitive plural)
тума́нові (dative singular)
тума́ну (dative singular)
тума́нам (dative plural)
тума́н (accusative singular)
тума́ни (accusative plural)
тума́ном (instrumental singular)
тума́нами (instrumental plural)
тума́ні (locative singular)
тума́нах (locative plural)
тума́не (singular vocative)
тума́ни (plural vocative)

uk-ndecl

тума́н<genu>

From a Turkic source. Cognates include тума́н (tumán), see there for more.


poos

head

poos (comparative possa, superlative an possa)

possa (comparative)
an possa (superlative)

From Middle Cornish poys, pos, from Proto-Brythonic *puɨs, from Latin pēnsum. Cognate with Welsh pwys (“weight”).


cyclogenesis

(meteorology) The process which leads to the formation of tropical storms, cyclones and hurricanes; typically involves an interaction that leads to vertical wind shear.

cyclogenèse

the process which leads to the formation of tropical storms, cyclones and hurricanes


advection fog

en-noun

advection fog (countable and uncountable, plural advection fogs)

(physics, meteorology) A type of fog caused by the passage of moist air horizontally over a relatively colder surface and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dew point.


active front

(physics, meteorology) The boundary between two different air masses, or a portion thereof, which produces appreciable cloudiness and precipitation and is usually accompanied by significant shifts in wind direction.


air drainage

(physics, meteorology) The gravity-induced downslope flow of relatively cold air. Winds thus produced are called gravity winds.


airmass

airmasses (plural)
air mass (alternative)

airmass source region
airmass source region

(physics, meteorology) a widespread body of air, the properties of which can be identified as: (a) having been established while that air was situated over a particular region of the Earth's surface (airmass source region) and (b) undergoing specific modifications while in transit away from the source region. An air mass is often defined as a widespread body of air that is approximately homogeneous in its horizontal extent, particularly with reference to temperature and moisture distribution; in addition, the vertical temperature and moisture variations are approximately the same over its horizontal extent.

气团

a body of air with uniform characteristics


airmass source region

airmass source region (plural airmass source regions)

(physics, meteorology) An extensive area of the Earth's surface over which bodies of air frequently remain for a sufficient time to acquire characteristic temperature and moisture properties imparted by that surface. Air so modified becomes identifiable as a distinct air mass. See airmass.


air parcel

(physics, meteorology) An imaginary body of air to which may be assigned any or all of the basic dynamic and thermodynamic properties of atmospheric air. A parcel is large enough to contain a very great number of molecules, but small enough so that the properties assigned to it are approximately uniform within it and so that its motions with respect to the surrounding atmosphere do not induce marked compensatory movements. It cannot be given precise numerical definition, but a cubic foot of air might fit well into most contexts where air parcels are discussed, particularly those related to static stability.

hau takiwā

a small imaginary body of air within an airmass but with slightly different characteristics to that of the surrounding air


altocumulus

(physics, meteorology) A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or greyish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows. (Abbreviated Ac.)


altocumulus

altocumulus m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
altocumulus (nominative singular)
altocumulusy (nominative plural)
altocumulusa (genitive singular)
altocumulusów (genitive plural)
altocumulusowi (dative singular)
altocumulusom (dative plural)
altocumulus (accusative singular)
altocumulusy (accusative plural)
altocumulusem (instrumental singular)
altocumulusami (instrumental plural)
altocumulusie (locative singular)
altocumulusach (locative plural)
altocumulusie (singular vocative)
altocumulusy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English altocumulus. Ultimately from Latin altō + cumulus. First attested in 1895.

ref

Rozprawy Akademii Umieje̜tności Matematyczno-Przyrodniczy (in Polish), volume 7, 1895

chmura altocumulus


altostratus

(physics, meteorology) A principal medium-level cloud type in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance.


altostratus

altostratus m inan or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
altostratus (nominative singular)
altostratusy (nominative plural)
altostratusa (genitive singular)
altostratusów (genitive plural)
altostratusowi (dative singular)
altostratusom (dative plural)
altostratus (accusative singular)
altostratusy (accusative plural)
altostratusem (instrumental singular)
altostratusami (instrumental plural)
altostratusie (locative singular)
altostratusach (locative plural)
altostratusie (singular vocative)
altostratusy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English altostratus. Ultimately from Latin altō + strātus. First attested in 1893.

Sprawozdania (in Polish), volume 30, 1893, page 267


anabatic wind

(physics, meteorology) An upslope wind; usually applied only when the wind is blowing up a hill or mountain as a result of local surface heating and apart from the effects of the larger scale circulation; the opposite of katabatic wind. The most common type anabatic is the valley wind.


arctic front

Arctic front (alternative)
Arctic Front (alternative)

(physics, meteorology) The semipermanent, semicontinuous front between the deep, cold arctic air and the shallower, basically less cold polar air of northern latitudes; generally comparable to the antarctic front of the southern hemisphere.

frente ártica

southern boundary of the Arctic air mass


chinook

Borrowed from Lower Chehalis c̓inúk (“the name of a Chinook village on the Columbia River”).

bor+

(Canada, US, physics, meteorology) The descending, warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains that generally blows from the southwest and can rapidly increase the temperature due to the much warmer air it brings.

chinook-tuuli

the descending, warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains


cirrocumulus

(physics, meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a thin, white patch of cloud without shadows, composed of very small droplets in the form of grains or ripples. The elements may be merged or separate, and more or less regularly arranged; they subtend an angle of less than 1° when observed at an angle of more than 30° above the horizon. Holes or rifts often occur in a sheet of cirrocumulus. Abbreviated Cc.


cirrostratus

/ˌsɪɹəˈstɹeɪtəs/

(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a whitish veil, usually fibrous but sometimes smooth, which may totally cover the sky and which often produces halo phenomena. Abbreviated Cs


cirrus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-cirrus.wav

He looked at the sky and saw the white cumulus built like friendly piles of ice cream and high above where the thin feathers of the cirrus against the high September sky.

1952, Ernest Hemingway, The old man and the sea, Harper Perennial classics, published 2014, page 282:

The blue sky is glossy and fat with heat, a few thin cirri sheared to blown strands like hair at the rims.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 15:

(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type, typically composed of thin, delicate, white filaments, wisps, or narrow bands.


cirrus

Learned borrowing from Latin cirrus. Doublet of cerro.


cirrus

cirrus (nominative singular)
cirrusy (nominative plural)
cirrusa (genitive singular)
cirrusów (genitive plural)
cirrusowi (dative singular)
cirrusom (dative plural)
cirrusa (accusative singular)
cirrusy (accusative plural)
cirrusem (instrumental singular)
cirrusami (instrumental plural)
cirrusie (locative singular)
cirrusach (locative plural)
cirrusie (singular vocative)
cirrusy (plural vocative)


grésiller

grésiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
grésillant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
grésillé (participle past)
grésille (first-person indicative present singular)
grésilles (indicative present second-person singular)
grésille (indicative present singular third-person)
grésillons (first-person indicative plural present)
grésillez (indicative plural present second-person)
grésillent (indicative plural present third-person)
grésillais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
grésillais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
grésillait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
grésillions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
grésilliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
grésillaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
grésillai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
grésillas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
grésilla (historic indicative past singular third-person)
grésillâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
grésillâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
grésillèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
grésillerai (first-person future indicative singular)
grésilleras (future indicative second-person singular)
grésillera (future indicative singular third-person)
grésillerons (first-person future indicative plural)
grésillerez (future indicative plural second-person)
grésilleront (future indicative plural third-person)
grésillerais (conditional first-person singular)
grésillerais (conditional second-person singular)
grésillerait (conditional singular third-person)
grésillerions (conditional first-person plural)
grésilleriez (conditional plural second-person)
grésilleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
grésille (first-person present singular subjunctive)
grésilles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
grésille (present singular subjunctive third-person)
grésillions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
grésilliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
grésillent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
grésillasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
grésillasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
grésillât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
grésillassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
grésillassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
grésillassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
grésille (imperative second-person singular)
grésillons (first-person imperative plural)
grésillez (imperative plural second-person)

(intransitive, impersonal, weather) to sleet


bombogenesis

Blend of bomb + cyclogenesis; From exploding like a bomb onto the scene, in the generation of a storm; can be broken down as bomb + -o- + -genesis

Bombogenesis: A colloquial term for sudden, extremely rapid almost explosive intensification of low pressure systems just off the Atlantic Coast of the United States.

2000 February 15, “Weather word”, in Chicago Tribune, page 10:

The storm intensified from 990 mb to 956 mb in just 12 hours Sunday morning, a drop of 35 mb. Another case, like “Nemo”, of bombogenesis.

2013, Christopher Burt, “Another Big Storm but with a (Relatively) Small Punch”, in WunderBlog:

Experts say the storm will undergo bombogenesis, meaning that colder air is expected to mix with warmer sea air, leading to a swift drop in atmospheric pressure. The process leads to a so-called bomb cyclone.

2022 January 29, “US East Coast blanketed by 'bombogenesis' snowstorm”, in BBC News:

As the area where the two air masses meet, called the Arctic front, moves northward and eastward, conditions for bombogenesis should continue moving as well, Mr. Moore said.

2022 December 23, Henry Fountain, “What Is a ‘Bomb Cyclone’?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(meteorology) Rapid or extreme cyclogenesis, often characterized by a barometric pressure drop of 24 millibars in a 24 hour period.


južina

jȕžina (canonical feminine)
ју̏жина (Cyrillic)
južina (nominative singular)
južine (nominative plural)
jȕžinē (genitive singular)
jȕžīnā (genitive plural)
južini (dative singular)
južinama (dative plural)
južinu (accusative singular)
južine (accusative plural)
južino (singular vocative)
južine (plural vocative)
južini (locative singular)
južinama (locative plural)
jȕžinōm (instrumental singular)
južinama (instrumental plural)

jug (“south”) + -ina. (Not to be confused with užina from Proto-Slavic *južina.)

atmospheric pressure
atmospheric pressure

(meteorology) High atmospheric pressure and humidity caused by the wind sirocco, notable for the tendency to have negative mood effects.


台風

Ultimately from Chinese 大風 /大风 (dàfēng), but precisely how it entered Japanese is unclear. For more, see typhoon.
台 is a daiyōji replacing 颱.

(meteorology, weather) a tropical storm, with wind speeds over 34 knots (17 m/s).


helle

helle (nominative singular)
helteet (nominative plural)
helle (accusative nominative singular)
helteet (accusative nominative plural)
helteen (accusative genitive singular)
helteet (accusative genitive plural)
helteen (genitive singular)
helteiden (genitive plural)
helteitten (genitive plural)
hellettä (partitive singular)
helteitä (partitive plural)
helteessä (inessive singular)
helteissä (inessive plural)
helteestä (elative singular)
helteistä (elative plural)
helteeseen (illative singular)
helteisiin (illative plural)
helteihin (illative plural)
helteellä (adessive singular)
helteillä (adessive plural)
helteeltä (ablative singular)
helteiltä (ablative plural)
helteelle (allative singular)
helteille (allative plural)
helteenä (essive singular)
helteinä (essive plural)
helteeksi (singular translative)
helteiksi (plural translative)
helteettä (abessive singular)
helteittä (abessive plural)
heltein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
helteeni (nominative singular)
helteeni (nominative plural)
helteeni (accusative nominative singular)
helteeni (accusative nominative plural)
helteeni (accusative genitive singular)
helteeni (accusative genitive plural)
helteeni (genitive singular)
helteideni (genitive plural)
helteitteni (genitive plural)
hellettäni (partitive singular)
helteitäni (partitive plural)
helteessäni (inessive singular)
helteissäni (inessive plural)
helteestäni (elative singular)
helteistäni (elative plural)
helteeseeni (illative singular)
helteisiini (illative plural)
helteihini (illative plural)
helteelläni (adessive singular)
helteilläni (adessive plural)
helteeltäni (ablative singular)
helteiltäni (ablative plural)
helteelleni (allative singular)
helteilleni (allative plural)
helteenäni (essive singular)
helteinäni (essive plural)
helteekseni (singular translative)
helteikseni (plural translative)
helteettäni (abessive singular)
helteittäni (abessive plural)
helteineni (comitative plural)
helteesi (nominative singular)
helteesi (nominative plural)
helteesi (accusative nominative singular)
helteesi (accusative nominative plural)
helteesi (accusative genitive singular)
helteesi (accusative genitive plural)
helteesi (genitive singular)
helteidesi (genitive plural)
helteittesi (genitive plural)
hellettäsi (partitive singular)
helteitäsi (partitive plural)
helteessäsi (inessive singular)
helteissäsi (inessive plural)
helteestäsi (elative singular)
helteistäsi (elative plural)
helteeseesi (illative singular)
helteisiisi (illative plural)
helteihisi (illative plural)
helteelläsi (adessive singular)
helteilläsi (adessive plural)
helteeltäsi (ablative singular)
helteiltäsi (ablative plural)
helteellesi (allative singular)
helteillesi (allative plural)
helteenäsi (essive singular)
helteinäsi (essive plural)
helteeksesi (singular translative)
helteiksesi (plural translative)
helteettäsi (abessive singular)
helteittäsi (abessive plural)
helteinesi (comitative plural)
helteemme (nominative singular)
helteemme (nominative plural)
helteemme (accusative nominative singular)
helteemme (accusative nominative plural)
helteemme (accusative genitive singular)
helteemme (accusative genitive plural)
helteemme (genitive singular)
helteidemme (genitive plural)
helteittemme (genitive plural)
hellettämme (partitive singular)
helteitämme (partitive plural)
helteessämme (inessive singular)
helteissämme (inessive plural)
helteestämme (elative singular)
helteistämme (elative plural)
helteeseemme (illative singular)
helteisiimme (illative plural)
helteihimme (illative plural)
helteellämme (adessive singular)
helteillämme (adessive plural)
helteeltämme (ablative singular)
helteiltämme (ablative plural)
helteellemme (allative singular)
helteillemme (allative plural)
helteenämme (essive singular)
helteinämme (essive plural)
helteeksemme (singular translative)
helteiksemme (plural translative)
helteettämme (abessive singular)
helteittämme (abessive plural)
helteinemme (comitative plural)
helteenne (nominative singular)
helteenne (nominative plural)
helteenne (accusative nominative singular)
helteenne (accusative nominative plural)
helteenne (accusative genitive singular)
helteenne (accusative genitive plural)
helteenne (genitive singular)
helteidenne (genitive plural)
helteittenne (genitive plural)
hellettänne (partitive singular)
helteitänne (partitive plural)
helteessänne (inessive singular)
helteissänne (inessive plural)
helteestänne (elative singular)
helteistänne (elative plural)
helteeseenne (illative singular)
helteisiinne (illative plural)
helteihinne (illative plural)
helteellänne (adessive singular)
helteillänne (adessive plural)
helteeltänne (ablative singular)
helteiltänne (ablative plural)
helteellenne (allative singular)
helteillenne (allative plural)
helteenänne (essive singular)
helteinänne (essive plural)
helteeksenne (singular translative)
helteiksenne (plural translative)
helteettänne (abessive singular)
helteittänne (abessive plural)
helteinenne (comitative plural)
helteensä (nominative singular)
helteensä (nominative plural)
helteensä (accusative nominative singular)
helteensä (accusative nominative plural)
helteensä (accusative genitive singular)
helteensä (accusative genitive plural)
helteensä (genitive singular)
helteidensä (genitive plural)
helteittensä (genitive plural)
hellettään (partitive singular)
hellettänsä (partitive singular)
helteitään (partitive plural)
helteitänsä (partitive plural)
helteessään (inessive singular)
helteessänsä (inessive singular)
helteissään (inessive plural)
helteissänsä (inessive plural)
helteestään (elative singular)
helteestänsä (elative singular)
helteistään (elative plural)
helteistänsä (elative plural)
helteeseensä (illative singular)
helteisiinsä (illative plural)
helteihinsä (illative plural)
helteellään (adessive singular)
helteellänsä (adessive singular)
helteillään (adessive plural)
helteillänsä (adessive plural)
helteeltään (ablative singular)
helteeltänsä (ablative singular)
helteiltään (ablative plural)
helteiltänsä (ablative plural)
helteelleen (allative singular)
helteellensä (allative singular)
helteilleen (allative plural)
helteillensä (allative plural)
helteenään (essive singular)
helteenänsä (essive singular)
helteinään (essive plural)
helteinänsä (essive plural)
helteekseen (singular translative)
helteeksensä (singular translative)
helteikseen (plural translative)
helteiksensä (plural translative)
helteettään (abessive singular)
helteettänsä (abessive singular)
helteittään (abessive plural)
helteittänsä (abessive plural)
helteineen (comitative plural)
helteinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *heldeh (compare Karelian helleh), from an earlier *šelteš, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Lithuanian šiltis).

(weather) weather with a temperature above +25 °C (77 F) (in Finnish weather forecasts)


ozono

From French and English ozone, German Ozon, etc.


wind shear

en-noun

wind shear (countable and uncountable, plural wind shears)

wind shears (plural)
windshear (alternative)

Wind shear from a microburst, as compared to wind shear resulting from a gust front, is particularly hazardous because it is a short-period event which creates very strong wind gusts with a large variation in direction over a very short distance (1/2 to 2 1/2 miles in diameter).

1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “1.7.3 Weather Analysis”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984, page 14:

(meteorology, weather, aviation, uncountable) Variation in wind speed or direction over a short spatial distance.

The first effect of a wind shear was detected at 34 to 42 seconds into the takeoff, at a speed of about 115 KIAS with the airplane about 3,800 feet down the runway. An average shear rate of about 2.5 knots per second resulted in an interruption in acceleration at this point with the airspeed remaining at 115 to 120 KIAS for 7 to 10 seconds.

1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “2.3 Airplane Takeoff Performance”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984, page 41:

(meteorology, weather, aviation, countable) A specific instance of variation in wind speed or direction over a short spatial distance.


virga

virga (countable and uncountable, plural virgas or virgae)

Borrowed from Latin virga (“rod”). Doublet of verge.

Strong gusts of wind buffeted the train, and ghostly virga of ice followed it through the night.

2003, Erik Larson, “Pilgrimage”, in The Devil in the White City, Vintage Books, page 78:

(meteorology, countable) A streak of rain or snow that is dissipated in falling and does not reach the ground, commonly appearing descending from a cloud layer.


Coriolis force

From French Coriolis (“a surname”) + English force, after French scientist Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis.

On a rotor, Coriolis forces will appear whenever there is a radial lengthening or shortening of the blade about the rotational axis, which will be a result of blade flapping or bending.

2006, J. Gordon Leishman, Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics, page 197:

These terms are generally thought of as due to Coriolis forces, and represent a coupling of the modes of vibration ω₂ and ω₃ Coriolis forces in the rotating molecule. The Coriolis force is a fictitious force which must be introduced if mechanical motion is studied in a rotating coordinate system and the rotation is otherwise overlooked.

2013, C. H. Townes, A.L. Schawlow, Microwave Spectroscopy, page 30:

First, we'll look at a simplified picture of how the pressure gradient and Coriolis forces affect an air parcel high above the ground.

2013, Jack Williams, The AMS Weather Book: The Ultimate Guide to America's Weather, page 56:

(physics, meteorology) A fictitious force apparently exerted on any moving body (including a parcel of air) due to the rotation of the earth, observed as a deflection of the body to the right of its direction of travel (i.e., clockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere, or to the left (anticlockwise) in the Southern Hemisphere; any equivalent apparent force that deflects objects in a rotating reference frame.

Coriolis effect
Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis

Coriolisova síla

apparent force due to the rotation of the earth


tropical depression

tropical depression (plural tropical depressions)

(meteorology) organized low-pressure system of thunderclouds with closed surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of less than 34 knots (63 km) per hour.


adiabatic lapse rate

adiabatic lapse rate (plural adiabatic lapse rates)

(meteorology) The rate of decrease of temperature with height of a parcel of dry air lifted upward through the atmosphere with no addition or deletion of heat.


dewpoint

(weather) Alternative spelling of dew point.


geostrophic

en-adj

geostrophic (comparative more geostrophic, superlative most geostrophic)

more geostrophic (comparative)
most geostrophic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-, “earth-”) + στροφή (strophḗ, “a turn, bend, twist”) + -ic.

(meteorology) Relating to the balance, in the atmosphere, between the horizontal Coriolis forces and the horizontal pressure forces.

(meteorology) Relating to or arising from the deflective force exerted on the atmosphere due to the rotation of the earth.


geostrophic wind

en-noun

geostrophic wind (plural geostrophic winds)

horizontal pressure gradient force
horizontal pressure gradient force

(meteorology) A wind whose direction and speed are determined by a balance of the horizontal pressure gradient force and the force due to the earth's rotation to the left in the northern hemisphere and to the right in the southern hemisphere.

constant-pressure surface
constant-pressure surface

(meteorology) That horizontal wind velocity for which the Coriolis force exactly balances the horizontal pressure gradient force. The geostrophic wind is thus directed along the contour lines on a constant-pressure surface (or along the isobars in a geopotential surface) with low elevations (or low pressure) to the left in the northern hemisphere and to the right in the southern hemisphere.


gradient wind

constant pressure surface
constant pressure surface

(meteorology) A horizontal wind velocity tangent to the contour line of a constant pressure surface (or to the isobar of a geopotential surface) at or above 2,500 feet (762 meters).


geopotential

It might sound puzzling that the ageostrophic geopotential (or the ageostrophic pressure in z-coordinate) has no impact on the evolution of the vorticity of a quasi-geostrophic disturbance and yet it affects the perturbation kinetic energetics (not globally but locally).

2004, Zhu Xun, Li Xiaofan, Cai Ming, Observation, Theory And Modeling Of Atmospheric Variability, →ISBN, page 13:

(meteorology) The work that must be done at a given altitude in raising a unit mass from sea level to that altitude against the earth's gravitational field.


Schauer

de-noun

Schauer m (strong, genitive Schauers, plural Schauer)

Schauers (genitive)
Schauer (plural)
Schauer (nominative singular)
Schauer (definite nominative plural)
Schauers (genitive singular)
Schauer (definite genitive plural)
Schauer (dative singular)
Schauern (dative definite plural)
Schauer (accusative singular)
Schauer (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German schūr, from Old High German scūr, from Proto-West Germanic *skūr, from Proto-Germanic *skūrō. Cognate with Dutch schoer, English shower, Swedish skur.

(meteorology) shower (brief period of precipitation)


katabatic wind

(climatology) A drainage wind or a fall wind: a wind, such as the bora or Bohemian wind, which moves high density air from a higher elevation down an incline, due to the force of gravity.


lapse rate

(meteorology) The rate of change in an atmospheric variable, especially temperature, with increase of height.


nimbostratus

(meteorology) A mid-level cloud, generally formless and dark grey in color, associated with precipitation. Abbreviated Ns.


pillaring

(meteorology) The rapid rising of smoke clouds due to heat generated by burning munitions or existing convection currents.


downdraft

downdrafts (plural)
downdraught (alternative)

(meteorology, American spelling) A strong, downward air current; an air pocket or air hole.


surface boundary layer

en-noun

surface boundary layer (plural surface boundary layers)

(meteorology) The portion of the atmosphere lying next to the surface of the earth and extending up to between 50 and 100 meters.


stratus

stratus (usually uncountable, plural strati)

Borrowed from Latin stratus. Doublet of strath.

(meteorology) A principal, low-level cloud type in the form of a gray layer with a rather uniform base, usually not associated with precipitation, and capable of producing corona phenomena and a weak, uniform luminance; abbreviated St.


foehn

foehns (plural)
foen (alternative)
föhn (alternative)
fohn (alternative)

Borrowed from German Föhn, from Old High German phonno, from Vulgar Latin faōnius, an alteration of Latin favōnius (“west wind”), from Favōnius (“Roman wind god”).

The foehn, I learned, was first recorded in the Alps but is found all over the world. The Santa Anas contain the occasional foehn, nicknamed “murder winds” and immortalized in Joan Didion's 1965 essay “Los Angeles Notebook"

2011, Claire Dederer, Poser: A Mother's Life in Twenty-Three Yoga Poses, Bloomsbury, page 261:

This is particularly noticeable in Foehn winds—warm winds that descend from mountainous areas down to areas of lower elevation.
Wind patterns considered Foehn include the dry southerly wind blowing through the Alps, Switzerland and across southern Germany. The Sharav or Hamsin winds blowing through the desert in the Middle East are also Foehn winds. The Sirocco winds that blow through Italy and the Mistral winds that blow through southern France are both considered Foehns.

2013, Case Adams Naturopath, Asthma Solved Naturally, Logical Books, page 111:

(meteorology) A similar katabatic wind developing on the lee side of a mountain.


nephology

From Ancient Greek νέφος (néphos, “cloud”) + -logy.

His head's always in the clouds, so he must want to study nephology.

(meteorology) The branch of meteorology that studies clouds.


blástur

is-noun

blástur m (genitive singular blásturs, nominative plural blástrar)

blásturs (genitive singular)
blástrar (nominative plural)
blástur (indefinite nominative singular)
blásturinn (definite nominative singular)
blástrar (indefinite nominative plural)
blástrarnir (definite nominative plural)
blástur (accusative indefinite singular)
blásturinn (accusative definite singular)
blástra (accusative indefinite plural)
blástrana (accusative definite plural)
blæstri (dative indefinite singular)
blæstrinum (dative definite singular)
blástrum (dative indefinite plural)
blástrunum (dative definite plural)
blásturs (genitive indefinite singular)
blástursins (definite genitive singular)
blástra (genitive indefinite plural)
blástranna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse blástr, from Proto-Germanic *blēstuz.

(meteorology) moderate breeze (windstrength 4)


wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometer

en-noun

wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometer (plural wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometers)

(meteorology) A hygrometer consisting of two thermometers, the bulb of one of which is kept wet and shows a lower temperature; the relative humidity is obtained from the two temperatures using tables.


psychrometrics

(meteorology, thermodynamics) The measurement or study of the physical and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere and its water vapour.


hothouse

hothouses (plural)
hot-house (alternative)

From Middle English hothous, equivalent to hot + house.

Kruban is a tidally-locked Venusian hothouse, its surface perpetually obscured by clouds of sulfur and carbon dioxides.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Kruban:

(climatology) A hot state in global climate.


grêle

Deverbal of grêler; corresponds to Old French gresle. Ultimately of Frankish origin.


gelo

eo-head

gelo (accusative singular gelon, plural geloj, accusative plural gelojn)

gelon (accusative singular)
geloj (plural)
gelojn (accusative plural)


air mass

air masses (plural)
airmass (alternative)

After a 227-day drought ending with December temperatures above 90, a polar air mass collided with a wave of damp tropical air, condensed it in seven days of cloudburst.

The mercury has been soaring in the state since the weekend because of an air mass hovering over Queensland.

2013 December 31, Bridie Jabour, The Guardian:

(meteorology) A particular volume of air, especially one having a roughly uniform temperature, pressure and water vapour content.

en:air mass
en:air mass (disambiguation)

massa d'aire

(meteorology) a particular volume of air


dry bulb temperature

en-noun

dry bulb temperature (countable and uncountable, plural dry bulb temperatures)

dry bulb temperatures (plural)
dry-bulb temperature (alternative)

(meteorology) Temperature of the free air as measured with a dry thermometer on a sling psychrometer over a grassy surface at a height of approximately 6 feet (1.8 meters).


cold front

(meteorology) The leading edge of an advancing mass of cold air.


warm front

(meteorology) The trailing edge of a retreating mass of cold air.


occluded front

(meteorology) A front that occurs when a cold front overtakes a warm front at the surface and a temperature contrast exists between the advancing and retreating cold air masses.


stationary front

stationary front (plural stationary fronts)

(meteorology) A boundary between air masses that is neither advancing nor retreating


advisory

advisory (countable and uncountable, plural advisories)

(meteorology) Official information issued by the National Weather Service that highlights special weather conditions that are less serious than a warning. They are for events that may cause significant inconvenience, and if caution is not exercised, it could lead to situations that may threaten life and/or property.


mildur

is-adj

mildur (comparative mildari, superlative mildastur)

mildari (comparative)
mildastur (superlative)
mildur (masculine nominative strong)
mild (feminine nominative strong)
milt (neuter nominative strong)
mildan (accusative masculine strong)
milda (accusative feminine strong)
milt (accusative neuter strong)
mildum (dative masculine strong)
mildri (dative feminine strong)
mildu (dative neuter strong)
milds (genitive masculine strong)
mildrar (feminine genitive strong)
milds (genitive neuter strong)
mildir (masculine nominative strong)
mildar (feminine nominative strong)
mild (neuter nominative strong)
milda (accusative masculine strong)
mildar (accusative feminine strong)
mild (accusative neuter strong)
mildum (dative strong)
mildra (genitive strong)
mildi (masculine nominative weak)
milda (feminine nominative weak)
milda (neuter nominative weak)
milda (masculine weak)
mildu (feminine weak)
milda (neuter weak)
mildu (plural weak)
mildari (masculine singular weak)
mildari (feminine singular weak)
mildara (neuter singular weak)
mildari (plural weak)
mildastur (masculine nominative strong)
mildust (feminine nominative strong)
mildast (neuter nominative strong)
mildastan (accusative masculine strong)
mildasta (accusative feminine strong)
mildast (accusative neuter strong)
mildustum (dative masculine strong)
mildastri (dative feminine strong)
mildustu (dative neuter strong)
mildasts (genitive masculine strong)
mildastrar (feminine genitive strong)
mildasts (genitive neuter strong)
mildastir (masculine nominative strong)
mildastar (feminine nominative strong)
mildust (neuter nominative strong)
mildasta (accusative masculine strong)
mildastar (accusative feminine strong)
mildust (accusative neuter strong)
mildustum (dative strong)
mildastra (genitive strong)
mildasti (masculine nominative weak)
mildasta (feminine nominative weak)
mildasta (neuter nominative weak)
mildasta (masculine weak)
mildustu (feminine weak)
mildasta (neuter weak)
mildustu (plural weak)

From Old Norse mildr, from Proto-Germanic *mildijaz, whence also English mild.

Síðustu dagar hafa verið mjög mildir.

Ég hitti hana einn mildan sumardag.


rain shadow

As a necessary consequence of this analogous structure, we find no forests eastward of the slopes of the Rocky Mountains and the Cordilleras, or in their "rain shadow," but open steppes...

1876, Oscar Peschel, The Races of Man: and Their Geographical Distribution, D. Appleton & Company, page 422:

A pronounced 'rain shadow' and chinook belt occur on the plateau district in the lee of these mountains.

1896, “Current Notes on Physiography”, in Science, volume 3, number 72, page 732:

In the modern day, the Andes cast a very strong rain shadow, resulting in the extreme aridity of the Atacama Desert.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherworlds, Penguin, published 2023, page 59:

(meteorology) An area of diminished precipitation on the lee side of mountains, caused by the prior release of moisture on the windward side.


schwül

de-adj

schwül (strong nominative masculine singular schwüler, comparative schwüler, superlative am schwülsten)

schwüler (masculine nominative singular strong)
schwüler (comparative)
am schwülsten (superlative)
schwül (masculine predicative singular)
schwül (feminine predicative singular)
schwül (neuter predicative singular)
schwül (plural predicative)
schwüler (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
schwüle (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
schwüles (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
schwüle (nominative plural strong without-article)
schwülen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
schwüler (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
schwülen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
schwüler (genitive plural strong without-article)
schwülem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
schwüler (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
schwülem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
schwülen (dative plural strong without-article)
schwülen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
schwüle (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
schwüles (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
schwüle (accusative plural strong without-article)
der schwüle (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die schwüle (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das schwüle (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die schwülen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des schwülen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der schwülen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des schwülen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der schwülen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem schwülen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der schwülen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem schwülen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den schwülen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den schwülen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die schwüle (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das schwüle (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die schwülen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein schwüler (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine schwüle (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein schwüles (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
schwülen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine schwülen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines schwülen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer schwülen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines schwülen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
schwülen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner schwülen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem schwülen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer schwülen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem schwülen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
schwülen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen schwülen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen schwülen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine schwüle (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein schwüles (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
schwülen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine schwülen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
schwüler (comparative masculine predicative singular)
schwüler (comparative feminine predicative singular)
schwüler (comparative neuter predicative singular)
schwüler (comparative plural predicative)
schwülerer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
schwülere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
schwüleres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
schwülere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
schwüleren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
schwülerer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
schwüleren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
schwülerer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
schwülerem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
schwülerer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
schwülerem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
schwüleren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
schwüleren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
schwülere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
schwüleres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
schwülere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der schwülere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die schwülere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das schwülere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die schwüleren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des schwüleren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der schwüleren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des schwüleren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der schwüleren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem schwüleren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der schwüleren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem schwüleren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den schwüleren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den schwüleren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die schwülere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das schwülere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die schwüleren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein schwülerer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine schwülere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein schwüleres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
schwüleren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine schwüleren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines schwüleren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer schwüleren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines schwüleren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
schwüleren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner schwüleren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem schwüleren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer schwüleren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem schwüleren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
schwüleren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen schwüleren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen schwüleren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine schwülere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein schwüleres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
schwüleren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine schwüleren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am schwülsten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am schwülsten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am schwülsten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am schwülsten (plural predicative superlative)
schwülster (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülstes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
schwülsten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülster (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülsten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülster (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
schwülstem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülster (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülstem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülsten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
schwülsten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülstes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
schwülste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der schwülste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die schwülste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das schwülste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die schwülsten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des schwülsten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der schwülsten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des schwülsten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der schwülsten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem schwülsten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der schwülsten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem schwülsten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den schwülsten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den schwülsten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die schwülste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das schwülste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die schwülsten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein schwülster (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine schwülste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein schwülstes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
schwülsten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine schwülsten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines schwülsten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer schwülsten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines schwülsten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
schwülsten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner schwülsten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem schwülsten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer schwülsten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem schwülsten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
schwülsten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen schwülsten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen schwülsten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine schwülste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein schwülstes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
schwülsten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine schwülsten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)

Borrowed from Low German, from Middle Low German swōl, swūl, in Standard German since the 18th century, ultimately from the root of schwelen (“to smoulder”). The umlaut is possibly due to analogy with kühl (“cool”). The unumlauted form schwul is limited to the sense “gay, homosexual”. Cognate with Dutch zwoel (“sultry; sensual”), Old Norse svalr (“cold”), English sweal, swelter.

Es ist so schwül, so dumpfig hie, / Und ist doch eben so warm nicht drauß’.

1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Abend”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]:

It is so sultry, so humid here, / and yet it's not even that hot outside.

(weather) sultry, close, oppressive, muggy


rå

head

rå (comparative råare, superlative råast)

råare (comparative)
råast (superlative)
rå (indefinite positive)
råare (comparative indefinite)
råast (indefinite superlative)
rått (indefinite neuter positive singular)
råare (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
råast (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
råa (indefinite plural positive)
råare (comparative indefinite plural)
råast (indefinite plural superlative)
råe (archaic indefinite masculine plural positive)
råare (archaic comparative indefinite masculine plural)
råast (archaic indefinite masculine plural superlative)
råe (definite masculine positive singular)
råare (comparative definite masculine singular)
råaste (definite masculine singular superlative)
råa (definite positive)
råare (comparative definite)
råaste (definite superlative)

From Old Swedish rar, from Old Norse hrár, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-.


matalapaine

matalapaine (nominative singular)
matalapaineet (nominative plural)
matalapaine (accusative nominative singular)
matalapaineet (accusative nominative plural)
matalapaineen (accusative genitive singular)
matalapaineet (accusative genitive plural)
matalapaineen (genitive singular)
matalapaineiden (genitive plural)
matalapaineitten (genitive plural)
matalapainetta (partitive singular)
matalapaineita (partitive plural)
matalapaineessa (inessive singular)
matalapaineissa (inessive plural)
matalapaineesta (elative singular)
matalapaineista (elative plural)
matalapaineeseen (illative singular)
matalapaineisiin (illative plural)
matalapaineihin (illative plural)
matalapaineella (adessive singular)
matalapaineilla (adessive plural)
matalapaineelta (ablative singular)
matalapaineilta (ablative plural)
matalapaineelle (allative singular)
matalapaineille (allative plural)
matalapaineena (essive singular)
matalapaineina (essive plural)
matalapaineeksi (singular translative)
matalapaineiksi (plural translative)
matalapaineetta (abessive singular)
matalapaineitta (abessive plural)
matalapainein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
matalapaineeni (nominative singular)
matalapaineeni (nominative plural)
matalapaineeni (accusative nominative singular)
matalapaineeni (accusative nominative plural)
matalapaineeni (accusative genitive singular)
matalapaineeni (accusative genitive plural)
matalapaineeni (genitive singular)
matalapaineideni (genitive plural)
matalapaineitteni (genitive plural)
matalapainettani (partitive singular)
matalapaineitani (partitive plural)
matalapaineessani (inessive singular)
matalapaineissani (inessive plural)
matalapaineestani (elative singular)
matalapaineistani (elative plural)
matalapaineeseeni (illative singular)
matalapaineisiini (illative plural)
matalapaineihini (illative plural)
matalapaineellani (adessive singular)
matalapaineillani (adessive plural)
matalapaineeltani (ablative singular)
matalapaineiltani (ablative plural)
matalapaineelleni (allative singular)
matalapaineilleni (allative plural)
matalapaineenani (essive singular)
matalapaineinani (essive plural)
matalapaineekseni (singular translative)
matalapaineikseni (plural translative)
matalapaineettani (abessive singular)
matalapaineittani (abessive plural)
matalapaineineni (comitative plural)
matalapaineesi (nominative singular)
matalapaineesi (nominative plural)
matalapaineesi (accusative nominative singular)
matalapaineesi (accusative nominative plural)
matalapaineesi (accusative genitive singular)
matalapaineesi (accusative genitive plural)
matalapaineesi (genitive singular)
matalapaineidesi (genitive plural)
matalapaineittesi (genitive plural)
matalapainettasi (partitive singular)
matalapaineitasi (partitive plural)
matalapaineessasi (inessive singular)
matalapaineissasi (inessive plural)
matalapaineestasi (elative singular)
matalapaineistasi (elative plural)
matalapaineeseesi (illative singular)
matalapaineisiisi (illative plural)
matalapaineihisi (illative plural)
matalapaineellasi (adessive singular)
matalapaineillasi (adessive plural)
matalapaineeltasi (ablative singular)
matalapaineiltasi (ablative plural)
matalapaineellesi (allative singular)
matalapaineillesi (allative plural)
matalapaineenasi (essive singular)
matalapaineinasi (essive plural)
matalapaineeksesi (singular translative)
matalapaineiksesi (plural translative)
matalapaineettasi (abessive singular)
matalapaineittasi (abessive plural)
matalapaineinesi (comitative plural)
matalapaineemme (nominative singular)
matalapaineemme (nominative plural)
matalapaineemme (accusative nominative singular)
matalapaineemme (accusative nominative plural)
matalapaineemme (accusative genitive singular)
matalapaineemme (accusative genitive plural)
matalapaineemme (genitive singular)
matalapaineidemme (genitive plural)
matalapaineittemme (genitive plural)
matalapainettamme (partitive singular)
matalapaineitamme (partitive plural)
matalapaineessamme (inessive singular)
matalapaineissamme (inessive plural)
matalapaineestamme (elative singular)
matalapaineistamme (elative plural)
matalapaineeseemme (illative singular)
matalapaineisiimme (illative plural)
matalapaineihimme (illative plural)
matalapaineellamme (adessive singular)
matalapaineillamme (adessive plural)
matalapaineeltamme (ablative singular)
matalapaineiltamme (ablative plural)
matalapaineellemme (allative singular)
matalapaineillemme (allative plural)
matalapaineenamme (essive singular)
matalapaineinamme (essive plural)
matalapaineeksemme (singular translative)
matalapaineiksemme (plural translative)
matalapaineettamme (abessive singular)
matalapaineittamme (abessive plural)
matalapaineinemme (comitative plural)
matalapaineenne (nominative singular)
matalapaineenne (nominative plural)
matalapaineenne (accusative nominative singular)
matalapaineenne (accusative nominative plural)
matalapaineenne (accusative genitive singular)
matalapaineenne (accusative genitive plural)
matalapaineenne (genitive singular)
matalapaineidenne (genitive plural)
matalapaineittenne (genitive plural)
matalapainettanne (partitive singular)
matalapaineitanne (partitive plural)
matalapaineessanne (inessive singular)
matalapaineissanne (inessive plural)
matalapaineestanne (elative singular)
matalapaineistanne (elative plural)
matalapaineeseenne (illative singular)
matalapaineisiinne (illative plural)
matalapaineihinne (illative plural)
matalapaineellanne (adessive singular)
matalapaineillanne (adessive plural)
matalapaineeltanne (ablative singular)
matalapaineiltanne (ablative plural)
matalapaineellenne (allative singular)
matalapaineillenne (allative plural)
matalapaineenanne (essive singular)
matalapaineinanne (essive plural)
matalapaineeksenne (singular translative)
matalapaineiksenne (plural translative)
matalapaineettanne (abessive singular)
matalapaineittanne (abessive plural)
matalapaineinenne (comitative plural)
matalapaineensa (nominative singular)
matalapaineensa (nominative plural)
matalapaineensa (accusative nominative singular)
matalapaineensa (accusative nominative plural)
matalapaineensa (accusative genitive singular)
matalapaineensa (accusative genitive plural)
matalapaineensa (genitive singular)
matalapaineidensa (genitive plural)
matalapaineittensa (genitive plural)
matalapainettaan (partitive singular)
matalapainettansa (partitive singular)
matalapaineitaan (partitive plural)
matalapaineitansa (partitive plural)
matalapaineessaan (inessive singular)
matalapaineessansa (inessive singular)
matalapaineissaan (inessive plural)
matalapaineissansa (inessive plural)
matalapaineestaan (elative singular)
matalapaineestansa (elative singular)
matalapaineistaan (elative plural)
matalapaineistansa (elative plural)
matalapaineeseensa (illative singular)
matalapaineisiinsa (illative plural)
matalapaineihinsa (illative plural)
matalapaineellaan (adessive singular)
matalapaineellansa (adessive singular)
matalapaineillaan (adessive plural)
matalapaineillansa (adessive plural)
matalapaineeltaan (ablative singular)
matalapaineeltansa (ablative singular)
matalapaineiltaan (ablative plural)
matalapaineiltansa (ablative plural)
matalapaineelleen (allative singular)
matalapaineellensa (allative singular)
matalapaineilleen (allative plural)
matalapaineillensa (allative plural)
matalapaineenaan (essive singular)
matalapaineenansa (essive singular)
matalapaineinaan (essive plural)
matalapaineinansa (essive plural)
matalapaineekseen (singular translative)
matalapaineeksensa (singular translative)
matalapaineikseen (plural translative)
matalapaineiksensa (plural translative)
matalapaineettaan (abessive singular)
matalapaineettansa (abessive singular)
matalapaineittaan (abessive plural)
matalapaineittansa (abessive plural)
matalapaineineen (comitative plural)
matalapaineinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈmɑ̝t̪ɑ̝lɑ̝ˌpɑ̝i̯ne̞(ʔ)]

(meteorology) depression, low pressure area


korkeapaine

korkeapaine (nominative singular)
korkeapaineet (nominative plural)
korkeapaine (accusative nominative singular)
korkeapaineet (accusative nominative plural)
korkeapaineen (accusative genitive singular)
korkeapaineet (accusative genitive plural)
korkeapaineen (genitive singular)
korkeapaineiden (genitive plural)
korkeapaineitten (genitive plural)
korkeapainetta (partitive singular)
korkeapaineita (partitive plural)
korkeapaineessa (inessive singular)
korkeapaineissa (inessive plural)
korkeapaineesta (elative singular)
korkeapaineista (elative plural)
korkeapaineeseen (illative singular)
korkeapaineisiin (illative plural)
korkeapaineihin (illative plural)
korkeapaineella (adessive singular)
korkeapaineilla (adessive plural)
korkeapaineelta (ablative singular)
korkeapaineilta (ablative plural)
korkeapaineelle (allative singular)
korkeapaineille (allative plural)
korkeapaineena (essive singular)
korkeapaineina (essive plural)
korkeapaineeksi (singular translative)
korkeapaineiksi (plural translative)
korkeapaineetta (abessive singular)
korkeapaineitta (abessive plural)
korkeapainein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
korkeapaineeni (nominative singular)
korkeapaineeni (nominative plural)
korkeapaineeni (accusative nominative singular)
korkeapaineeni (accusative nominative plural)
korkeapaineeni (accusative genitive singular)
korkeapaineeni (accusative genitive plural)
korkeapaineeni (genitive singular)
korkeapaineideni (genitive plural)
korkeapaineitteni (genitive plural)
korkeapainettani (partitive singular)
korkeapaineitani (partitive plural)
korkeapaineessani (inessive singular)
korkeapaineissani (inessive plural)
korkeapaineestani (elative singular)
korkeapaineistani (elative plural)
korkeapaineeseeni (illative singular)
korkeapaineisiini (illative plural)
korkeapaineihini (illative plural)
korkeapaineellani (adessive singular)
korkeapaineillani (adessive plural)
korkeapaineeltani (ablative singular)
korkeapaineiltani (ablative plural)
korkeapaineelleni (allative singular)
korkeapaineilleni (allative plural)
korkeapaineenani (essive singular)
korkeapaineinani (essive plural)
korkeapaineekseni (singular translative)
korkeapaineikseni (plural translative)
korkeapaineettani (abessive singular)
korkeapaineittani (abessive plural)
korkeapaineineni (comitative plural)
korkeapaineesi (nominative singular)
korkeapaineesi (nominative plural)
korkeapaineesi (accusative nominative singular)
korkeapaineesi (accusative nominative plural)
korkeapaineesi (accusative genitive singular)
korkeapaineesi (accusative genitive plural)
korkeapaineesi (genitive singular)
korkeapaineidesi (genitive plural)
korkeapaineittesi (genitive plural)
korkeapainettasi (partitive singular)
korkeapaineitasi (partitive plural)
korkeapaineessasi (inessive singular)
korkeapaineissasi (inessive plural)
korkeapaineestasi (elative singular)
korkeapaineistasi (elative plural)
korkeapaineeseesi (illative singular)
korkeapaineisiisi (illative plural)
korkeapaineihisi (illative plural)
korkeapaineellasi (adessive singular)
korkeapaineillasi (adessive plural)
korkeapaineeltasi (ablative singular)
korkeapaineiltasi (ablative plural)
korkeapaineellesi (allative singular)
korkeapaineillesi (allative plural)
korkeapaineenasi (essive singular)
korkeapaineinasi (essive plural)
korkeapaineeksesi (singular translative)
korkeapaineiksesi (plural translative)
korkeapaineettasi (abessive singular)
korkeapaineittasi (abessive plural)
korkeapaineinesi (comitative plural)
korkeapaineemme (nominative singular)
korkeapaineemme (nominative plural)
korkeapaineemme (accusative nominative singular)
korkeapaineemme (accusative nominative plural)
korkeapaineemme (accusative genitive singular)
korkeapaineemme (accusative genitive plural)
korkeapaineemme (genitive singular)
korkeapaineidemme (genitive plural)
korkeapaineittemme (genitive plural)
korkeapainettamme (partitive singular)
korkeapaineitamme (partitive plural)
korkeapaineessamme (inessive singular)
korkeapaineissamme (inessive plural)
korkeapaineestamme (elative singular)
korkeapaineistamme (elative plural)
korkeapaineeseemme (illative singular)
korkeapaineisiimme (illative plural)
korkeapaineihimme (illative plural)
korkeapaineellamme (adessive singular)
korkeapaineillamme (adessive plural)
korkeapaineeltamme (ablative singular)
korkeapaineiltamme (ablative plural)
korkeapaineellemme (allative singular)
korkeapaineillemme (allative plural)
korkeapaineenamme (essive singular)
korkeapaineinamme (essive plural)
korkeapaineeksemme (singular translative)
korkeapaineiksemme (plural translative)
korkeapaineettamme (abessive singular)
korkeapaineittamme (abessive plural)
korkeapaineinemme (comitative plural)
korkeapaineenne (nominative singular)
korkeapaineenne (nominative plural)
korkeapaineenne (accusative nominative singular)
korkeapaineenne (accusative nominative plural)
korkeapaineenne (accusative genitive singular)
korkeapaineenne (accusative genitive plural)
korkeapaineenne (genitive singular)
korkeapaineidenne (genitive plural)
korkeapaineittenne (genitive plural)
korkeapainettanne (partitive singular)
korkeapaineitanne (partitive plural)
korkeapaineessanne (inessive singular)
korkeapaineissanne (inessive plural)
korkeapaineestanne (elative singular)
korkeapaineistanne (elative plural)
korkeapaineeseenne (illative singular)
korkeapaineisiinne (illative plural)
korkeapaineihinne (illative plural)
korkeapaineellanne (adessive singular)
korkeapaineillanne (adessive plural)
korkeapaineeltanne (ablative singular)
korkeapaineiltanne (ablative plural)
korkeapaineellenne (allative singular)
korkeapaineillenne (allative plural)
korkeapaineenanne (essive singular)
korkeapaineinanne (essive plural)
korkeapaineeksenne (singular translative)
korkeapaineiksenne (plural translative)
korkeapaineettanne (abessive singular)
korkeapaineittanne (abessive plural)
korkeapaineinenne (comitative plural)
korkeapaineensa (nominative singular)
korkeapaineensa (nominative plural)
korkeapaineensa (accusative nominative singular)
korkeapaineensa (accusative nominative plural)
korkeapaineensa (accusative genitive singular)
korkeapaineensa (accusative genitive plural)
korkeapaineensa (genitive singular)
korkeapaineidensa (genitive plural)
korkeapaineittensa (genitive plural)
korkeapainettaan (partitive singular)
korkeapainettansa (partitive singular)
korkeapaineitaan (partitive plural)
korkeapaineitansa (partitive plural)
korkeapaineessaan (inessive singular)
korkeapaineessansa (inessive singular)
korkeapaineissaan (inessive plural)
korkeapaineissansa (inessive plural)
korkeapaineestaan (elative singular)
korkeapaineestansa (elative singular)
korkeapaineistaan (elative plural)
korkeapaineistansa (elative plural)
korkeapaineeseensa (illative singular)
korkeapaineisiinsa (illative plural)
korkeapaineihinsa (illative plural)
korkeapaineellaan (adessive singular)
korkeapaineellansa (adessive singular)
korkeapaineillaan (adessive plural)
korkeapaineillansa (adessive plural)
korkeapaineeltaan (ablative singular)
korkeapaineeltansa (ablative singular)
korkeapaineiltaan (ablative plural)
korkeapaineiltansa (ablative plural)
korkeapaineelleen (allative singular)
korkeapaineellensa (allative singular)
korkeapaineilleen (allative plural)
korkeapaineillensa (allative plural)
korkeapaineenaan (essive singular)
korkeapaineenansa (essive singular)
korkeapaineinaan (essive plural)
korkeapaineinansa (essive plural)
korkeapaineekseen (singular translative)
korkeapaineeksensa (singular translative)
korkeapaineikseen (plural translative)
korkeapaineiksensa (plural translative)
korkeapaineettaan (abessive singular)
korkeapaineettansa (abessive singular)
korkeapaineittaan (abessive plural)
korkeapaineittansa (abessive plural)
korkeapaineineen (comitative plural)
korkeapaineinensa (comitative plural)

(meteorology) anticyclone, high pressure area


ilmakehä

ilmakehä (nominative singular)
ilmakehät (nominative plural)
ilmakehä (accusative nominative singular)
ilmakehät (accusative nominative plural)
ilmakehän (accusative genitive singular)
ilmakehät (accusative genitive plural)
ilmakehän (genitive singular)
ilmakehien (genitive plural)
ilmakehäin (genitive plural rare)
ilmakehää (partitive singular)
ilmakehiä (partitive plural)
ilmakehässä (inessive singular)
ilmakehissä (inessive plural)
ilmakehästä (elative singular)
ilmakehistä (elative plural)
ilmakehään (illative singular)
ilmakehiin (illative plural)
ilmakehällä (adessive singular)
ilmakehillä (adessive plural)
ilmakehältä (ablative singular)
ilmakehiltä (ablative plural)
ilmakehälle (allative singular)
ilmakehille (allative plural)
ilmakehänä (essive singular)
ilmakehinä (essive plural)
ilmakehäksi (singular translative)
ilmakehiksi (plural translative)
ilmakehättä (abessive singular)
ilmakehittä (abessive plural)
ilmakehin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
ilmakehäni (nominative singular)
ilmakehäni (nominative plural)
ilmakehäni (accusative nominative singular)
ilmakehäni (accusative nominative plural)
ilmakehäni (accusative genitive singular)
ilmakehäni (accusative genitive plural)
ilmakehäni (genitive singular)
ilmakehieni (genitive plural)
ilmakehäini (genitive plural rare)
ilmakehääni (partitive singular)
ilmakehiäni (partitive plural)
ilmakehässäni (inessive singular)
ilmakehissäni (inessive plural)
ilmakehästäni (elative singular)
ilmakehistäni (elative plural)
ilmakehääni (illative singular)
ilmakehiini (illative plural)
ilmakehälläni (adessive singular)
ilmakehilläni (adessive plural)
ilmakehältäni (ablative singular)
ilmakehiltäni (ablative plural)
ilmakehälleni (allative singular)
ilmakehilleni (allative plural)
ilmakehänäni (essive singular)
ilmakehinäni (essive plural)
ilmakehäkseni (singular translative)
ilmakehikseni (plural translative)
ilmakehättäni (abessive singular)
ilmakehittäni (abessive plural)
ilmakehineni (comitative plural)
ilmakehäsi (nominative singular)
ilmakehäsi (nominative plural)
ilmakehäsi (accusative nominative singular)
ilmakehäsi (accusative nominative plural)
ilmakehäsi (accusative genitive singular)
ilmakehäsi (accusative genitive plural)
ilmakehäsi (genitive singular)
ilmakehiesi (genitive plural)
ilmakehäisi (genitive plural rare)
ilmakehääsi (partitive singular)
ilmakehiäsi (partitive plural)
ilmakehässäsi (inessive singular)
ilmakehissäsi (inessive plural)
ilmakehästäsi (elative singular)
ilmakehistäsi (elative plural)
ilmakehääsi (illative singular)
ilmakehiisi (illative plural)
ilmakehälläsi (adessive singular)
ilmakehilläsi (adessive plural)
ilmakehältäsi (ablative singular)
ilmakehiltäsi (ablative plural)
ilmakehällesi (allative singular)
ilmakehillesi (allative plural)
ilmakehänäsi (essive singular)
ilmakehinäsi (essive plural)
ilmakehäksesi (singular translative)
ilmakehiksesi (plural translative)
ilmakehättäsi (abessive singular)
ilmakehittäsi (abessive plural)
ilmakehinesi (comitative plural)
ilmakehämme (nominative singular)
ilmakehämme (nominative plural)
ilmakehämme (accusative nominative singular)
ilmakehämme (accusative nominative plural)
ilmakehämme (accusative genitive singular)
ilmakehämme (accusative genitive plural)
ilmakehämme (genitive singular)
ilmakehiemme (genitive plural)
ilmakehäimme (genitive plural rare)
ilmakehäämme (partitive singular)
ilmakehiämme (partitive plural)
ilmakehässämme (inessive singular)
ilmakehissämme (inessive plural)
ilmakehästämme (elative singular)
ilmakehistämme (elative plural)
ilmakehäämme (illative singular)
ilmakehiimme (illative plural)
ilmakehällämme (adessive singular)
ilmakehillämme (adessive plural)
ilmakehältämme (ablative singular)
ilmakehiltämme (ablative plural)
ilmakehällemme (allative singular)
ilmakehillemme (allative plural)
ilmakehänämme (essive singular)
ilmakehinämme (essive plural)
ilmakehäksemme (singular translative)
ilmakehiksemme (plural translative)
ilmakehättämme (abessive singular)
ilmakehittämme (abessive plural)
ilmakehinemme (comitative plural)
ilmakehänne (nominative singular)
ilmakehänne (nominative plural)
ilmakehänne (accusative nominative singular)
ilmakehänne (accusative nominative plural)
ilmakehänne (accusative genitive singular)
ilmakehänne (accusative genitive plural)
ilmakehänne (genitive singular)
ilmakehienne (genitive plural)
ilmakehäinne (genitive plural rare)
ilmakehäänne (partitive singular)
ilmakehiänne (partitive plural)
ilmakehässänne (inessive singular)
ilmakehissänne (inessive plural)
ilmakehästänne (elative singular)
ilmakehistänne (elative plural)
ilmakehäänne (illative singular)
ilmakehiinne (illative plural)
ilmakehällänne (adessive singular)
ilmakehillänne (adessive plural)
ilmakehältänne (ablative singular)
ilmakehiltänne (ablative plural)
ilmakehällenne (allative singular)
ilmakehillenne (allative plural)
ilmakehänänne (essive singular)
ilmakehinänne (essive plural)
ilmakehäksenne (singular translative)
ilmakehiksenne (plural translative)
ilmakehättänne (abessive singular)
ilmakehittänne (abessive plural)
ilmakehinenne (comitative plural)
ilmakehänsä (nominative singular)
ilmakehänsä (nominative plural)
ilmakehänsä (accusative nominative singular)
ilmakehänsä (accusative nominative plural)
ilmakehänsä (accusative genitive singular)
ilmakehänsä (accusative genitive plural)
ilmakehänsä (genitive singular)
ilmakehiensä (genitive plural)
ilmakehäinsä (genitive plural rare)
ilmakehäänsä (partitive singular)
ilmakehiään (partitive plural)
ilmakehiänsä (partitive plural)
ilmakehässään (inessive singular)
ilmakehässänsä (inessive singular)
ilmakehissään (inessive plural)
ilmakehissänsä (inessive plural)
ilmakehästään (elative singular)
ilmakehästänsä (elative singular)
ilmakehistään (elative plural)
ilmakehistänsä (elative plural)
ilmakehäänsä (illative singular)
ilmakehiinsä (illative plural)
ilmakehällään (adessive singular)
ilmakehällänsä (adessive singular)
ilmakehillään (adessive plural)
ilmakehillänsä (adessive plural)
ilmakehältään (ablative singular)
ilmakehältänsä (ablative singular)
ilmakehiltään (ablative plural)
ilmakehiltänsä (ablative plural)
ilmakehälleen (allative singular)
ilmakehällensä (allative singular)
ilmakehilleen (allative plural)
ilmakehillensä (allative plural)
ilmakehänään (essive singular)
ilmakehänänsä (essive singular)
ilmakehinään (essive plural)
ilmakehinänsä (essive plural)
ilmakehäkseen (singular translative)
ilmakehäksensä (singular translative)
ilmakehikseen (plural translative)
ilmakehiksensä (plural translative)
ilmakehättään (abessive singular)
ilmakehättänsä (abessive singular)
ilmakehittään (abessive plural)
ilmakehittänsä (abessive plural)
ilmakehineen (comitative plural)
ilmakehinensä (comitative plural)

[ˈilmɑ̝ˌk̟e̞ɦæ]

ilma (“air”) + kehä (“circle, ring”). Coined by Finnish author and priest Antero Warelius in 1845.

coin

(meteorology) atmosphere (atmosphere of the Earth)


MCS

mesoscale convective system
mesoscale convective system#English

(meteorology) Initialism of mesoscale convective system.


hoar frost

en-noun

hoar frost (countable and uncountable, plural hoar frosts)

hoar frosts (plural)
hoarfrost (alternative)
hoar-frost (alternative)

PIE word
 *prustós
From Middle English hore frost, horfrost [and other forms], from hor (“grey; greyish-white”, adjective) (from Old English hār (“grey”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness; shadow”)) + frost (“cold spell, freezing weather, frost; hoar-frost; rime”) (from Old English frost, forst, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *prustós (“frost”)). The English word is analysable as hoar (“greyish-white; white”, adjective) + frost.

nb...

hoorfrost, hore-forst, hor-forst, hore vrost

compound

On Sunday night, January 23, ſeveral things vvere laid out at the Obſervatory, ſuch as ſheets of brovvn paper, pieces of boards, plates of metal, glaſſes of ſeveral kinds, &c. vvhich all began to contract hoar-froſt ſeemingly as ſoon as each body had time to cool dovvn to the temperature of the air. The ſheets of brovvn paper being ſo thin acquired it ſooneſt, and vvhen beheld in candle-light they became beautifully ſpangled over by innumerable reflections from the ſmall cryſtals of hoar-froſt vvhich had parted from the air.

1780 April 20, Patrick Wilson, “XXVI. An Account of a Most Extraordinary Degree of Cold at Glasgow in January Last; together with Some New Experiments and Observations on the Comparative Temperature of Hoar-frost and the Air near to It, Made at the Macfarlane Observatory Belonging to the College. […]”, in Philosophical Transactions, of the Royal Society of London, volume LXX, part II, London: […] Lockyer Davis, and Peter Elmsly, printers to the Royal Society, →OCLC, pages 468–469:

This striking fact, of the lower temperature of the surface on which dew and hoarfrost are forming, it was always found difficult to explain; for the transition of a body from the state of vapour to the fluid or solid form is always accompanied with an evolution of heat, […] The surface is not warmer in consequence of the formation of the dew or hoarfrost, but the dew or hoarfrost is deposited because the surface is previously cold; and its low temperature, compared with that of the air above, is owing to the discharge of heat by radiation.

1817, John Murray, “Of Caloric”, in Elements of Chemistry. […], 4th edition, volume I, Edinburgh: […] Francis Pillans, […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, →OCLC, book II (Of Repulsion, and the Powers by which It is Produced), section III (Of the Communication and Diffusion of Caloric), page 146:

Hoar frost forms when water vapor sublimates^([sic]) onto a surface. It is the frozen equivalent of dew. […] Conditions leading to hoar frost formation include the movement of vapor within the snowpack, the presence of supersaturated air in crevasses, ice caves, and animal burrows, and the occurrence of clear evenings with high levels of outgoing longwave radiation.

1989, James C. Halfpenny, Roy Douglas Ozanne, “What and Where is Winter?”, in Winter: An Ecological Handbook, Boulder, Colo.: Johnson Books, →ISBN, page 47, column 1:

However, high mountains with a long winter and long dry spells, hoarfrosts and infertile soils are not an ideal environment for some annual crops but are well suited for perennial industrial crops and forest species.

2005, Manh-Cuong Pham, “Conclusions and Policy Implications”, in Land-use Change in the Northwestern Uplands of Vietnam: Empirical Evidence from Spatial Econometric Models and Geo-referenced Analyses and Policy Implications for Sustainable Rural Development, Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag, →ISBN, page 331:

The samples of hoar frost collected at all the stations contained few NO₃⁻ ions; this may have been because frost forms at night, when the intensity of road traffic is 2–3 times less than during the day. The largest proportion of NO₃⁻ ions was found in the farmland samples of hoar frost; the reason for this may be the application of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture.

2013, “Rain Water: Atmospheric Deposition”, in Sven Erik Jørgensen, editor, Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, volume I, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 2257, column 1:

(specifically, meteorology) Water vapour which has undergone deposition or desublimation (“transformation directly into ice crystals without first turning into liquid water”) when the air is cold and moist to form a white deposit on exposed surfaces.

brymë

any frozen dew forming a white deposit on exposed surfaces; water vapour which has undergone deposition or desublimation (“transformation directly into ice crystals without first turning into liquid water”) to form a white deposit on exposed surfaces


pentad

From Ancient Greek πεντάς (pentás), from πέντε (pénte, “five”) + -άς (-ás, “-ad”), equivalent to pent- + -ad.

Synonym of quintet: A group of five things, particularly

(climatology) A five-day period, especially a temperature average taken every five days.


buzzo

it-adj

buzzo (feminine buzza, masculine plural buzzi, feminine plural buzze)

buzza (feminine)
buzzi (masculine plural)
buzze (feminine plural)

cielo buzzo

tempo buzzo

(weather) anticipating rain; cloudy, rainy, dreary


hard freeze

(meteorology) A freeze sufficiently long and severe to destroy seasonal vegetation and lead to ice formation in standing water and hard ground. 27°F (-3°C) is considered a threshold in the US.


moonbow

From moon + bow, by analogy with rainbow.

Often rainbows by night or moonbows span the lake.

1896, James Wells, Travel-pictures from Palestine, page 94:

Among the rarer optical effects associated with the moon are also moonbows or lunar rainbows.

2010, Bernd Brunner, Moon: A Brief History, unnumbered page:

When the sun shines over Kentucky's Cumberland Falls, the mist creates a rainbow on most days. If the moon shines brightly enough, it can create a moonbow, too!

2011, Colleen Ryckert Cook, Kentucky: Past and Present, page 9:

(meteorology) A rainbow formed by moonlight diffracted by water droplets in the air, usually fainter than a daytime rainbow and with fewer distinguishable colours.


хар

xar (romanization)
хар (nominative singular)
харлар (nominative plural)
харның (genitive singular)
харларның (genitive plural)
харға (dative singular)
харларға (dative plural)
харны (accusative singular)
харларны (accusative plural)
харда (locative singular)
харларда (locative plural)
хардаң (ablative singular)
харлардаң (ablative plural)
харзар (lative singular)
харларзар (lative plural)
харнаң (instrumental singular)
харларнаң (instrumental plural)

From Old Turkic qar (“snow”), from Proto-Turkic *kār (“snow”).


subtropical

extratropical cyclone
extratropical cyclone

(meteorology, of a cyclone) Having some characteristics of a tropical cyclone but also some characteristics of an extratropical cyclone.


geler

geler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gelant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
gelé (participle past)
gèle (first-person indicative present singular)
gèles (indicative present second-person singular)
gèle (indicative present singular third-person)
gelons (first-person indicative plural present)
gelez (indicative plural present second-person)
gèlent (indicative plural present third-person)
gelais (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
gelais (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
gelait (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
gelions (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
geliez (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
gelaient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
gelai (first-person historic indicative past singular)
gelas (historic indicative past second-person singular)
gela (historic indicative past singular third-person)
gelâmes (first-person historic indicative past plural)
gelâtes (historic indicative past plural second-person)
gelèrent (historic indicative past plural third-person)
gèlerai (first-person future indicative singular)
gèleras (future indicative second-person singular)
gèlera (future indicative singular third-person)
gèlerons (first-person future indicative plural)
gèlerez (future indicative plural second-person)
gèleront (future indicative plural third-person)
gèlerais (conditional first-person singular)
gèlerais (conditional second-person singular)
gèlerait (conditional singular third-person)
gèlerions (conditional first-person plural)
gèlerions (conditional first-person plural)
gèleriez (conditional plural second-person)
gèleriez (conditional plural second-person)
gèleraient (conditional plural third-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
gèle (first-person present singular subjunctive)
gèles (present second-person singular subjunctive)
gèle (present singular subjunctive third-person)
gelions (first-person plural present subjunctive)
geliez (plural present second-person subjunctive)
gèlent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
gelasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
gelasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
gelât (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
gelassions (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
gelassiez (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
gelassent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
gèle (imperative second-person singular)
gelons (first-person imperative plural)
gelez (imperative plural second-person)

→ German: gelieren

Inherited from Old French geler, from Latin gelāre.


flash flood

flash floods (plural)
flashflood (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-flash flood.wav

The West Highland Line reopened for passengers on July 11, following emergency repair works after more than 1,600 tons of material was washed away by a flash flood on June 25.

2020 August 12, Philip Haigh, “Short-term access planning is not in passengers' interest”, in Rail, page 55, photo caption:

One of the most heavily hit regions was Germany’s Ahrweiler district, where flash floods surged through the village of Schuld, washing away six houses and leaving several more on the verge of collapse. The police said at least 50 people had died in Ahrweiler district.

2021 July 15, Melissa Eddy, “Hundreds Missing and Scores Dead as Raging Floods Strike Western Europe”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(meteorology) A sudden, rapid flood, usually of short duration and local impact.


туча

ru-noun+

ту́ча • (túča) f inan (genitive ту́чи, nominative plural ту́чи, genitive plural туч, relational adjective тучево́й, diminutive ту́чка)

ту́ча (canonical)
túča (romanization)
ту́чи (genitive)
ту́чи (nominative plural)
туч (genitive plural)
тучево́й (adjective relational)
ту́чка (diminutive)
ту́ча (nominative singular)
ту́чи (nominative plural)
ту́чи (genitive singular)
ту́ч (genitive plural)
ту́че (dative singular)
ту́чам (dative plural)
ту́чу (accusative singular)
ту́чи (accusative plural)
ту́чей (instrumental singular)
ту́чею (instrumental singular)
ту́чами (instrumental plural)
ту́че (prepositional singular)
ту́чах (plural prepositional)

→ Ingrian: tuuca

From Old East Slavic туча (tuča), from Proto-Slavic *tǫča, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to contract”). Compare the Slavic Old Church Slavonic тѫча (tǫča), Ukrainian ту́ча (túča), Polish tęcza and the Non-Slavic Gothic 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍈𐍉𐌽 (þeiƕōn) and Old Norse þéttr.

der

Не́бо затянуто ту́чами.

На не́бе собира́ются ту́чи.

грозова́я ту́ча

ту́чи сгуща́ются (над ке́м-либо)

storm clouds are gathering (over someone)

как ту́ча

Ту́чи постепе́нно превраща́лись в облака́ и́ли происходи́л како́й-то друго́й труднообъясни́мый для непосвящённых климати́ческий фено́мен. Прогресси́рующая дистрофи́я туч. Они́ ведь и с са́мого нача́ла показа́лись Ви́ктору скоре́е декора́цией, чем предве́стниками ли́вня. Ту́чи бы́ли импоте́нтны, а импоте́нтные ту́чи зову́тся облака́ми, и ве́тер их обы́чно раста́скивает по не́бу до по́лного исчезнове́ния.

2005, Андрей Юрьевич Курков (Andrey Yuryevich Kurkov), chapter 2, in Закон улитки [The Snail Law]; translated as George Bird, transl., Penguin Lost, 2010:

The storm clouds gradually turned into [ordinary] clouds, or some other climatic phenomenon took place, inexplicable to the uninitiated. A progressive dystrophy of storm clouds. From the very beginning they had seemed to Viktor decorations rather than harbingers of downpours. The storm clouds were impotent, and impotent storm clouds are [merely] called clouds, and the wind ordinarily drags them across the sky until they completely disappear.

Túči postepénno prevraščálisʹ v oblaká íli proisxodíl kakój-to drugój trudnoobʺjasnímyj dlja neposvjaščónnyx klimatíčeskij fenómen. Progressírujuščaja/progrɛssírujuščaja distrofíja tuč. Oní vedʹ i s sámovo načála pokazálisʹ Víktoru skoréje dekorácijej, čem predvéstnikami lívnja. Túči býli impoténtny, a impoténtnyje/impotɛ́ntnyje túči zovútsja oblakámi, i véter ix obýčno rastáskivajet po nébu do pólnovo isčeznovénija.

(meteorology) rain cloud; dark, heavy cloud


туча

uk-noun

ту́ча • (túča) f inan (genitive ту́чі, nominative plural ту́чі, genitive plural туч)

ту́ча (canonical)
túča (romanization)
ту́чі (genitive)
ту́чі (nominative plural)
туч (genitive plural)
ту́ча (nominative singular)
ту́чі (nominative plural)
ту́чі (genitive singular)
туч (genitive plural)
ту́чі (dative singular)
ту́чам (dative plural)
ту́чу (accusative singular)
ту́чі (accusative plural)
ту́чею (instrumental singular)
ту́чами (instrumental plural)
ту́чі (locative singular)
ту́чах (locative plural)
ту́че (singular vocative)
ту́чі (plural vocative)

From Old East Slavic туча (tuča), from Proto-Slavic *tǫča, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to contract”). Compare the Slavic Old Church Slavonic тѫча (tǫča), Russian ту́ча (túča), Polish tęcza and the Non-Slavic Gothic 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍈𐍉𐌽 (þeiƕōn) and Old Norse þéttr.

(meteorology) dark cloud, heavy cloud, rain cloud


space weather

It may sound like science fiction, but heightened solar activity (known as space weather) can affect human technologies not just in space, but also in the air and on the ground.

2023 November 15, Prof. Jim Wild, “This train was delayed because of bad weather in space”, in RAIL, number 996, page 30:

(meteorology) Any phenomena related to the radiation and particles emitted by the Sun, especially in the vicinity of the Earth that may have an effect on the Earth or human activity in the space.


clarear

gl-verb

clarear (first-person singular present clareo, first-person singular preterite clareei, past participle clareado)

clareo (first-person present singular)
clareei (first-person preterite singular)
clareado (participle past)
clareio (first-person present singular)
clareei (first-person preterite singular)
clareado (participle past)
clarear (impersonal infinitive)
clarear (first-person infinitive singular)
clareares (infinitive second-person singular)
clarear (infinitive personal singular)
clarearmos (first-person infinitive plural)
clareardes (infinitive plural second-person)
clarearen (infinitive personal plural)
clareando (gerund)
clareado (masculine participle past singular)
clareado (first-person masculine participle past singular)
clareado (masculine participle past second-person singular)
clareados (masculine participle past plural)
clareados (first-person masculine participle past plural second-person)
clareada (feminine participle past singular)
clareada (feminine first-person participle past singular)
clareada (feminine participle past second-person singular)
clareadas (feminine participle past plural)
clareadas (feminine first-person participle past plural second-person)
clareo (first-person indicative present singular)
clareas (indicative present second-person singular)
clarea (indicative present singular)
clareamos (first-person indicative plural present)
clareades (indicative plural present second-person)
clarean (indicative plural present)
clareaba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
clareabas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
clareaba (imperfect indicative singular)
clareabamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
clareabades (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
clareaban (imperfect indicative plural)
clareei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
clareaches (indicative preterite second-person singular)
clareou (indicative preterite singular)
clareamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
clareastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
clarearon (indicative plural preterite)
clareara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
clarearas (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
clareara (indicative pluperfect singular)
clarearamos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
clarearades (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
clarearan (indicative pluperfect plural)
clarearei (first-person future indicative singular)
clarearás (future indicative second-person singular)
clareará (future indicative singular)
clarearemos (first-person future indicative plural)
clarearedes (future indicative plural second-person)
clarearán (future indicative plural)
clarearía (conditional first-person singular)
clarearías (conditional second-person singular)
clarearía (conditional singular)
clareariamos (conditional first-person plural)
clareariades (conditional plural second-person)
clarearían (conditional plural)
claree (first-person present singular subjunctive)
clarees (present second-person singular subjunctive)
claree (present singular subjunctive)
clareemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
clareedes (plural present second-person subjunctive)
clareen (plural present subjunctive)
clarease (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
clareases (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
clarease (imperfect singular subjunctive)
clareásemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
clareásedes (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
clareasen (imperfect plural subjunctive)
clarear (first-person future singular subjunctive)
clareares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
clarear (future singular subjunctive)
clarearmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
clareardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
clarearen (future plural subjunctive)
clarea (imperative second-person singular)
claree (imperative singular)
clareemos (first-person imperative plural)
clareade (imperative plural second-person)
clareen (imperative plural)
non clarees (imperative negative second-person singular)
non claree (imperative negative singular)
non clareemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
non clareedes (imperative negative plural second-person)
non clareen (imperative negative plural)
clarear (impersonal infinitive)
clarear (first-person infinitive singular)
clareares (infinitive second-person singular)
clarear (infinitive singular third-person)
clarearmos (first-person infinitive plural)
clareardes (infinitive plural second-person)
clarearem (infinitive plural third-person)
clareando (gerund)
clareado (first-person masculine participle past singular third-person)
clareado (masculine participle past second-person singular)
clareados (masculine participle past plural)
clareada (feminine first-person participle past singular third-person)
clareada (feminine participle past second-person singular)
clareadas (feminine participle past plural)
clareio (first-person indicative present singular)
clareo (first-person indicative present singular)
clareias (indicative present second-person singular)
clareas (indicative present second-person singular)
clareia (indicative present singular third-person)
clarea (indicative present singular third-person)
clareamos (first-person indicative plural present)
clareades (indicative plural present second-person)
clareais (indicative plural present second-person)
clareiam (indicative plural present third-person)
claream (indicative plural present third-person)
clareava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
clareavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
clareava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
clareávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
clareávades (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
clareáveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
clareávais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
clareavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
clareei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
clareaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
clareache (indicative preterite second-person singular)
clareou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
clareamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
clareastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
clareárom (indicative plural preterite third-person)
clarearam (indicative plural preterite third-person)
clareara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
clarearas (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
clareara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
clareáramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
clareárades (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
clareáreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
clareárais (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
clarearam (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
clarearei (first-person future indicative singular)
clarearás (future indicative second-person singular)
clareará (future indicative singular third-person)
clarearemos (first-person future indicative plural)
clarearedes (future indicative plural second-person)
clareareis (future indicative plural second-person)
clarearám (future indicative plural third-person)
clarearão (future indicative plural third-person)
clarearia (conditional first-person singular)
clarearias (conditional second-person singular)
clarearia (conditional singular third-person)
clarearíamos (conditional first-person plural)
clarearíades (conditional plural second-person)
clarearíeis (conditional plural second-person)
clarearíais (conditional plural second-person)
clareariam (conditional plural third-person)
clareie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
claree (first-person present singular subjunctive)
clareies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
clarees (present second-person singular subjunctive)
clareie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
claree (present singular subjunctive third-person)
clareemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
clareedes (plural present second-person subjunctive)
clareeis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
clareiem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
clareem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
clareasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
clareasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
clareasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
clareássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
clareássedes (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
clareásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
clareassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
clarear (first-person future singular subjunctive)
clareares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
clarear (future singular subjunctive third-person)
clarearmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
clareardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
clarearem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
clareia (imperative second-person singular)
clarea (imperative second-person singular)
clareie (imperative singular third-person)
claree (imperative singular third-person)
clareemos (first-person imperative plural)
clareade (imperative plural second-person)
clareai (imperative plural second-person)
clareiem (imperative plural third-person)
clareem (imperative plural third-person)
nom clareies (imperative negative second-person singular)
nom clarees (imperative negative second-person singular)
nom clareie (imperative negative singular third-person)
nom claree (imperative negative singular third-person)
nom clareemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
nom clareedes (imperative negative plural second-person)
nom clareeis (imperative negative plural second-person)
nom clareiem (imperative negative plural third-person)
nom clareem (imperative negative plural third-person)
clarexar (alternative)
crarear (alternative)
crarexar (alternative)

(impersonal, meteorology) to clear up; to stop being stormy, foggy or overcast