species

en-noun

species (countable and uncountable, plural species or (rare, nonstandard) specieses)

species (plural)
specieses (nonstandard plural rare)

From Latin speciēs (“appearance; quality”), from speciō (“see”) + -iēs suffix signifying abstract noun. Doublet of spice.

(mineralogy) A mineral with a unique chemical formula whose crystals belong to a unique crystallographic system.

espècie

mineralogy: mineral with a unique chemical formula


adamant

adamant (nominative singular)
adamanty (nominative plural)
adamantu (genitive singular)
adament (accusative singular)

Learned borrowing from Latin adamās, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “invincible”). First attested in 1525. Doublet of diament.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “adamas”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


pyrope

en-noun

pyrope (countable and uncountable, plural pyropes)

From Latin pyrōpus, from Ancient Greek πυρωπός (purōpós, “fiery-eyed, fire-colored”), from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”); compare French pyrope.

der

(mineralogy) A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gemstone.


talk

talk (nominative singular)
talku (genitive singular)
talkowi (dative singular)
talk (accusative singular)
talkiem (instrumental singular)
talku (locative singular)
talku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin talcum.


pyrargyrite

en-noun

pyrargyrite (countable and uncountable, plural pyrargyrites)

From Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) + ἄργῠρος (árgŭros, “silver”).

(mineralogy) A sulfosalt mineral used as a silver ore; it is dark red or black in color with a metallic adamantine luster, a sulfide of antimony and silver, Ag₃SbS₃, and occurs in rhombohedral crystals.


sweet

en-adj

sweet (comparative sweeter, superlative sweetest)

sweeter (comparative)
sweetest (superlative)

nonsweet

antonym(s) of “containing a sweetening ingredient”

dry

of wines: retaining a portion of natural sugar

decaying

antonym(s) of “not decaying, fermented, rancid, sour, spoiled, or stale”

sour

antonym(s) of “free from excessive unwanted substances”

lame

antonym(s) of “(informal) very pleasing”

From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte (“sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī, from Proto-Germanic *swōtuz (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).
Cognate and synonymous with Scots sweit (“sweet”), North Frisian sweete (“sweet”), Saterland Frisian swäit (“sweet”), West Frisian swiet (“sweet”), Dutch zoet (“sweet”), German Low German sööt (“sweet”), German süß (“sweet”), Danish sød (“sweet”), Swedish söt (“sweet”), Norwegian søt (“sweet”), Icelandic sætur (“sweet”), Latin suāvis, Sanskrit स्वादु (svādú), Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús). Doublet of suave.

money won is twice as sweet as money earned

sweet gas

sweet soil

sweet crude oil

(mineralogy) Free from excessive unwanted substances like acid or sulphur.


simple

simple (comparative simpler or more simple, superlative simplest or most simple)

simpler (comparative)
more simple (comparative)
simplest (superlative)
most simple (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English symple, simple, from Old French and French simple, from Latin simplex (“simple”, literally “onefold”) (as opposed to duplex (“double”, literally “twofold”)), from semel (“the same”) + plicō (“I fold”). See same and fold. Compare single, singular, simultaneous, etc.
Partially displaced native English onefold.

der

(heading, technical) Structurally uncomplicated.


plasma

en-noun

plasma (countable and uncountable, plural plasmas or plasmata)

From Late Latin plasma (“mold”), from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma, “something formed”).

der

human seminal plasma protein hypersensitivity

(mineralogy) A variety of green quartz, used in ancient times for making engraved ornaments.


plasma

→ Indonesian: plasma

Borrowed from Latin plasma, from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma). Influenced by German Plasma (“blood plasma, cytoplasm”) and English plasma (“ionised gas”).

(mineralogy) plasma, dark green type of quartz


datolite

From Ancient Greek δατέομαι (datéomai, “to divide”) + -lite; in allusion to the granular structure of a massive variety.

uder

(mineralogy) A borosilicate of lime commonly occurring in glassy, greenish crystals, with the chemical formula CaBSiO₄(OH).


peach

Chlorite forms the characterizing ingredient in chlorite slate; it is common in Cornwall with the tin veins, constituting with quartz the rock commonly known there as killas; the ordinary name for chlorite is peach.

1858, Robert Philips Greg, Manual of the mineralogy of Great Britain & Ireland:

Peach, which is a word used by the Cornish miners, in a generic sense, to denote all minerals of the chloritic family—and is consequently a very convenient word—seems to be essentially the "mother" of tin; but the experience of Cornwall goes to show that peach alone does not produce a permanent tin mine: an intermixture of quartz is necessary to give what miners call "strength" to the lode.

1862, “Illustrated Notes on Prominent Mines”, in The Mining and Smelting Magazine, volume 2, page 17:

A quartz (sparry) vein, unless accompanied by other minerals such as peach, chlorite, &c., is considered valueless as an indication of the presence of ore.

1908, James Bastian Hill, The Geology of Falmouth and Truro and of the Mining District of Camborne and Redruth:

(mineralogy, obsolete, Cornwall) A particular rock found in tin mines, sometimes associated with chlorite.


信

Sino-Xenic (信):
* → Vietnamese: tín (信)

→ Vietnamese: tin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and
phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljins): phonetic 人 (OC *njin, “person”) + semantic 言 (“word”).
Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *sin and suggests possible derivation from 允 (OC *winʔ, “to trust; to be true”).
Alternatively, Sagart and Baxter (2012) reconstruct *s-niŋ-s (*s-ni[ŋ]-s in Baxter and Sagart, 2014) and suggest a derivation from 仁 (OC *niŋ, “kind”) with the prefix *s-, probably used to increase its valency.

Han compound

(mineralogy) Short for 信石 (xìnshí, “arsenolite”).


jeffersonite

From Jefferson + -ite, after Thomas Jefferson.

(mineralogy) A zinc-containing variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown.


magnesia

en-noun

magnesia (countable and uncountable, plural magnesias)

From Middle English magnesia, from Late Latin magnesia, from Ancient Greek μαγνησία (magnēsía), after Μαγνησία (Magnēsía), a name of several cities (in Thessaly, Lydia, and Asia Minor). Doublet of Magnesia, magnesium, and manganese, and related to magnet.

doublet

The apocrenates of iron and manganese are slightly soluble; those of lime, magnesia and alumina are insoluble.

1875, Journal of the Bath and West of England Society and Southern Counties Association for the Encouragement of Agriculture, Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, volumes 7-8, page 133:


magnesia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μαγνησία (λίθος) (Magnēsía (líthos), “(stone of) Magnesia”), name of several minerals from the region in Asia Minor.

bor+

Μαγνησία (λίθος)


damourite

en-noun

damourite (countable and uncountable, plural damourites)

(mineralogy) A kind of muscovite, or potash mica, containing water.


tungsten

tungsten (countable and uncountable, plural tungstens)

→ Japanese: タングステン (tangusuten)

→ Malay: tungsten

→ Spanish: tungsteno

From Swedish tungsten (“scheelite”), from tung (“heavy”) + sten (“stone”).

We apprehend that this is not the acid of a calx ponderoſa, but rather a diſtinct acid conjoined to common calcareous earth, ſince, in fact, in another place, § 97, the tungſten is mentioned as a calx ſaturated with a peculiar acid, perhaps of a metallic nature, for which the author himſelf refers us to the above § 33, and ſeems to think it the ſame as the acid there mentioned.

1783, “[Review of] Outlines of Mineralogy”, in Monthly Review, volume LXX, number VII, page 47:

(mineralogy, obsolete) scheelite, calcium tungstate


argentine

argentine (countable and uncountable, plural argentines)

From Middle English argentyne, borrowed from Old French argentin (“silvery”), from Latin argentum (“silver”), equivalent to argent + -ine.

(mineralogy) A siliceous variety of calcite, or lime carbonate, having a silvery-white, pearly lustre, and a waving or curved lamellar structure.


jet

jet (countable and uncountable, plural jets)

→ German: Jett

From Middle English get, geet, gete, from a northern form of Old French jayet, jaiet, gaiet, from Latin gagātēs, from Ancient Greek Γαγάτης (Gagátēs), from Γάγας (Gágas, “a town and river in Lycia”). Doublet of gagate.

There is also a factitious jeat made of glaſs, in imitation of the mineral jeat.

1735, [John Barrow], “JEAT”, in Dictionarium Polygraphicum: Or, The Whole Body of Arts Regularly Digested. […], volume II (I–S), London: […] C[harles] Hitch and C[harles] Davis […], and S[amuel] Austen […], →OCLC:

(mineralogy) A hard, black form of coal, sometimes used in jewellery.


laurite

After Laura R. Joy, wife of American chemist C. A. Joy. Named in 1866.

(mineralogy) A rare sulphide of osmium and ruthenium found with platinum in Borneo and Oregon, with the chemical formula RuS₂.


laumontite

laumontite (usually uncountable, plural laumontites)

Named after the discoverer François Pierre Nicholas Gillet de Laumont (1747–1834) as lomonite, renamed as laumonite in 1809 and as laumontite in 1821. + -ite

(mineralogy) A mineral, of a white color and vitreous luster, with the chemical formula CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·4H₂O. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Exposed to the air, it loses water, becomes opaque, and crumbles.


agate

agate (countable and uncountable, plural agates)

From Middle French agathe, from Latin achatēs, from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs, “agate”).

The ends of the veil, drawn over her head, were embroidered with silver; she had long gold ear-rings; to a rich and large gold chain was suspended a cross set with precious stones; and over the arm of her chair hung a rosary of agate beads.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 9:

Yes: living among the cohabations^([sic]) of Faust himself, among the litharge and agate and hyacinth and pearls.

1947, Malcolm Lowry, Under the Volcano, New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, page 86:

(countable, uncountable, mineralogy) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two.


alcohol

→ Basque: alkohol

→ Quechua: alkul

From Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥū́l), from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).


jade

head

jade c (singular definite jaden, uncountable)


jade

jade (nominative singular)
jadet (nominative plural)
jade (accusative nominative singular)
jadet (accusative nominative plural)
jaden (accusative genitive singular)
jadet (accusative genitive plural)
jaden (genitive singular)
jadejen (genitive plural)
jadein (genitive plural rare)
jadea (partitive singular)
jadeja (partitive plural)
jadessa (inessive singular)
jadeissa (inessive plural)
jadesta (elative singular)
jadeista (elative plural)
jadeen (illative singular)
jadeihin (illative plural)
jadella (adessive singular)
jadeilla (adessive plural)
jadelta (ablative singular)
jadeilta (ablative plural)
jadelle (allative singular)
jadeille (allative plural)
jadena (essive singular)
jadeina (essive plural)
jadeksi (singular translative)
jadeiksi (plural translative)
jadetta (abessive singular)
jadeitta (abessive plural)
jadein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
jadeni (nominative singular)
jadeni (nominative plural)
jadeni (accusative nominative singular)
jadeni (accusative nominative plural)
jadeni (accusative genitive singular)
jadeni (accusative genitive plural)
jadeni (genitive singular)
jadejeni (genitive plural)
jadeini (genitive plural rare)
jadeani (partitive singular)
jadejani (partitive plural)
jadessani (inessive singular)
jadeissani (inessive plural)
jadestani (elative singular)
jadeistani (elative plural)
jadeeni (illative singular)
jadeihini (illative plural)
jadellani (adessive singular)
jadeillani (adessive plural)
jadeltani (ablative singular)
jadeiltani (ablative plural)
jadelleni (allative singular)
jadeilleni (allative plural)
jadenani (essive singular)
jadeinani (essive plural)
jadekseni (singular translative)
jadeikseni (plural translative)
jadettani (abessive singular)
jadeittani (abessive plural)
jadeineni (comitative plural)
jadesi (nominative singular)
jadesi (nominative plural)
jadesi (accusative nominative singular)
jadesi (accusative nominative plural)
jadesi (accusative genitive singular)
jadesi (accusative genitive plural)
jadesi (genitive singular)
jadejesi (genitive plural)
jadeisi (genitive plural rare)
jadeasi (partitive singular)
jadejasi (partitive plural)
jadessasi (inessive singular)
jadeissasi (inessive plural)
jadestasi (elative singular)
jadeistasi (elative plural)
jadeesi (illative singular)
jadeihisi (illative plural)
jadellasi (adessive singular)
jadeillasi (adessive plural)
jadeltasi (ablative singular)
jadeiltasi (ablative plural)
jadellesi (allative singular)
jadeillesi (allative plural)
jadenasi (essive singular)
jadeinasi (essive plural)
jadeksesi (singular translative)
jadeiksesi (plural translative)
jadettasi (abessive singular)
jadeittasi (abessive plural)
jadeinesi (comitative plural)
jademme (nominative singular)
jademme (nominative plural)
jademme (accusative nominative singular)
jademme (accusative nominative plural)
jademme (accusative genitive singular)
jademme (accusative genitive plural)
jademme (genitive singular)
jadejemme (genitive plural)
jadeimme (genitive plural rare)
jadeamme (partitive singular)
jadejamme (partitive plural)
jadessamme (inessive singular)
jadeissamme (inessive plural)
jadestamme (elative singular)
jadeistamme (elative plural)
jadeemme (illative singular)
jadeihimme (illative plural)
jadellamme (adessive singular)
jadeillamme (adessive plural)
jadeltamme (ablative singular)
jadeiltamme (ablative plural)
jadellemme (allative singular)
jadeillemme (allative plural)
jadenamme (essive singular)
jadeinamme (essive plural)
jadeksemme (singular translative)
jadeiksemme (plural translative)
jadettamme (abessive singular)
jadeittamme (abessive plural)
jadeinemme (comitative plural)
jadenne (nominative singular)
jadenne (nominative plural)
jadenne (accusative nominative singular)
jadenne (accusative nominative plural)
jadenne (accusative genitive singular)
jadenne (accusative genitive plural)
jadenne (genitive singular)
jadejenne (genitive plural)
jadeinne (genitive plural rare)
jadeanne (partitive singular)
jadejanne (partitive plural)
jadessanne (inessive singular)
jadeissanne (inessive plural)
jadestanne (elative singular)
jadeistanne (elative plural)
jadeenne (illative singular)
jadeihinne (illative plural)
jadellanne (adessive singular)
jadeillanne (adessive plural)
jadeltanne (ablative singular)
jadeiltanne (ablative plural)
jadellenne (allative singular)
jadeillenne (allative plural)
jadenanne (essive singular)
jadeinanne (essive plural)
jadeksenne (singular translative)
jadeiksenne (plural translative)
jadettanne (abessive singular)
jadeittanne (abessive plural)
jadeinenne (comitative plural)
jadensa (nominative singular)
jadensa (nominative plural)
jadensa (accusative nominative singular)
jadensa (accusative nominative plural)
jadensa (accusative genitive singular)
jadensa (accusative genitive plural)
jadensa (genitive singular)
jadejensa (genitive plural)
jadeinsa (genitive plural rare)
jadeaan (partitive singular)
jadeansa (partitive singular)
jadejaan (partitive plural)
jadejansa (partitive plural)
jadessaan (inessive singular)
jadessansa (inessive singular)
jadeissaan (inessive plural)
jadeissansa (inessive plural)
jadestaan (elative singular)
jadestansa (elative singular)
jadeistaan (elative plural)
jadeistansa (elative plural)
jadeensa (illative singular)
jadeihinsa (illative plural)
jadellaan (adessive singular)
jadellansa (adessive singular)
jadeillaan (adessive plural)
jadeillansa (adessive plural)
jadeltaan (ablative singular)
jadeltansa (ablative singular)
jadeiltaan (ablative plural)
jadeiltansa (ablative plural)
jadelleen (allative singular)
jadellensa (allative singular)
jadeilleen (allative plural)
jadeillensa (allative plural)
jadenaan (essive singular)
jadenansa (essive singular)
jadeinaan (essive plural)
jadeinansa (essive plural)
jadekseen (singular translative)
jadeksensa (singular translative)
jadeikseen (plural translative)
jadeiksensa (plural translative)
jadettaan (abessive singular)
jadettansa (abessive singular)
jadeittaan (abessive plural)
jadeittansa (abessive plural)
jadeineen (comitative plural)
jadeinensa (comitative plural)


jade

Borrowed from French jade, back formation from le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (literally “flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).


native

en-adj

native (comparative more native, superlative most native)

more native (comparative)
most native (superlative)

foreign

born or grown in the region in which it is found

Inherited from Middle English natif, from Old French natif, from Latin nātīvus, from nātus (“birth”). Doublet of naive and neif.

native aluminium

native salt

(mineralogy) Occurring naturally in its pure or uncombined form.

luonnollinen

mineralogy: occurring naturally in its pure or uncombined form


cacoxenite

From Ancient Greek κακός (kakós, “bad”) + ξένος (xénos, “guest”) because the phosphorous content of cacoxenite lessens the quality of iron smelted from ore containing it.

(inorganic chemistry, mineralogy) A soft phosphate of iron occurring in yellowish clumps: hydrated iron aluminum phosphate oxide: (Fe,Al)₂₅(PO₄)₁₇O₆(OH)₁₂·17H₂O.


adamite

Named after French mineralogist Gilbert Joseph Adam (1795-1881) in 1866.

(mineralogy) A zinc arsenate hydroxide mineral, Zn₂AsO₄OH.


paste

en-noun

paste (countable and uncountable, plural pastes)

→ Cebuano: pasta

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)kweh₁t-der.
Ancient Greek πάσσω (pássō)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Ancient Greek -τός (-tós)
Ancient Greek παστός (pastós)
Ancient Greek παστά (pastá)bor.
Late Latin pasta
Old French pastebor.
Middle English paste
English paste
From Middle English paste, from Old French paste (modern pâte), from Late Latin pasta, from Ancient Greek παστά (pastá). Doublet of pasta. The verb is from the noun. Middle English had pasten (“to make a paste of; bake in a pastry”), also from the noun; compare Latin pistō and Medieval Latin pastillātus.

etymon

(mineralogy) The mineral substance in which other minerals are embedded.


azurite

/ˈæʒ.əˌɹaɪt/

/ˈæʒ.(j)ʊəɹˌaɪt/

/ˈæʒ(j)ʊˌɹaɪt/

From Persian لاژورد (lâžvard, “blue color”).

(mineralogy) A blue vitreous mineral; a basic hydrated copper carbonate, with the chemical formula Cu²⁺₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂, used since antiquity as a blue pigment or ores to extract metallic copper.


axinite

en-noun

axinite (countable and uncountable, plural axinites)

(mineralogy) A borosilicate of aluminum, iron, and lime, commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.


aventurine

aventurine (countable and uncountable, plural aventurines)

/əˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.ɹɪn/

/əˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.ɹɪn/

/əˈvɛn.t͡ʃəˌɹin/

Borrowed from French aventurine, from Italian avventurino, from avventurare (“to venture; to make lucky or prosperous”), from avventura (“chance; adventure, venture”) + -are (suffix forming the infinitive of most regular verbs), apparently so named because it was discovered by accident in Murano, Italy, when brass or copper filings were dropped into melted glass (see, however, the 1843 quotation).

The Sandaresus, an Arabian stone, classed by Pliny [the Elder] among the Carbunculi, seems to have been our Aventurine, for he describes it as full of golden stars shining through a transparent substance, not from the surface, but from within the body of the stone. The true Aventurine, or Goldie-stone, is a brownish semi-transparent quartz, full of specks of yellow mica.

1860, C[harles] W[illiam] King, “Aventurine”, in Antique Gems: Their Origin, Uses, and Value as Interpreters of Ancient History; and as Illustrative of Ancient Art: With Hints to Gem Collectors, London: John Murray, […], section I (Materials), page 63:

Aventurine is a variety of grainy quartz,—not quarts of rye whiskey, which there is too much of a venture in,—but quartz of silica, gold-spangled throughout with flakes of yellow mica. [...] There are two kinds of natural aventurine; the one with its spangles of yellow mica is well known as Muscovite talc. It was found on the shores of the White Sea in old times, and is now met with often in the mines of Silesia, in Bohemia, in France, and in Siberia. The other variety, more highly esteemed, is found in Spain and in Scotland. [...] Dealers have given the name of aventurine to a species of feldspar having the same external characteristics, and sold for the genuine, though a much softer stone. Such dealers are not honest.

1872 July, George S. Burleigh, “Precious Stones. IX. Aventurine and Lapis-lazuli.”, in Oliver Optic [pseudonym; William Taylor Adams], editor, Oliver Optic’s Magazine. Our Boys and Girls, volume XII, number 228, Boston, Mass.: Lee and Shepard, publishers; New York, N.Y.: Lee, Shepard and Dillingham, →OCLC, page 477, column 2:

[F]rom out the silken curtain-folds / Bare-footed and bare-headed three fair girls / In gilt and rosy raiment came: their feet / In dewy grasses glisten'd; and the hair / All over glanced with dewdrop or with gem / Like sparkles in the stone Avanturine.

1874, Alfred Tennyson, “Gareth and Lynette”, in Idylls of the King (The Works of Alfred Tennyson; V), cabinet edition, London: Henry S. King & Co., […], →OCLC, page 73:

During this period of two centuries little colour was employed in the lacquer-work, but much gold was used; and those particular kinds of work in which "clouded" gold effects, avanturines, and tesselated gold are introduced, as well as low-relief modelling of a most perfect kind, were invented and brought to a high state of perfection.

1882, Christopher Dresser, “The Lacquer Manufactures”, in Japan: Its Architecture, Art, and Art Manufactures, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, pages 346–347:

Quartz with spangled inclusions is known as aventurine. The included minerals are scales of shiny mica or hematite. The most familiar aventurine is of a reddish-yellow color and has a coppery sheen. Only small quantities of aventurine have been found in the United States.

1957, Dorothy M[cKenney] Schlegel, “Semiprecious Gems”, in Gem Stones of the United States (Contributions to Economic Geology; Geological Survey Bulletin; 1042-G), Washington, D.C.: Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior; United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 222:

He stood up and gloomily opened a little silver-gilt box, its lid studded with aventurines. It was full of violet sweetmeats; he took one, feeling it with his fingers as he reflected upon the strange properties of this bonbon whose sugar-coating looked like hoar-frost; [...]

1998, Joris-Karl Huysmans, chapter 9, in Margaret Mauldon, transl., edited by Nicholas White, Against Nature (A rebours) (Oxford World’s Classics), Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 84:

Aventurin is also the name of a variety of quartz spangled with mica or other shiny mineral. A variety of spangled feldspar, found especially in Russia, and when polished used as a gem and highly prized, is also called Aventurin or popularly "sunstone".

2003, “The Mineral Kingdom. Dictionary of Gems, Jewels, Precious Metals and Minerals, with Their Significance and Use in the Superstition and Folklore of All Countries”, in Cora Linn Daniels, C[harles] M[acClellan] Stevans, editors, Encyclopædia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World: […], volume II, Honolulu, Hi.: University Press of the Pacific, →ISBN, page 724, column 1:

When I pulled off the lid, I found a leather bracelet inside. Its center held a pretty brass flower, painted white with soft pink tips on the petals, just like clover. On either side of the brass clover flower, one of the bracelet's leather strands had been strung with shimmering green rocks. "Those are aventurines," Peavine said when I touched one smooth stone. "They're for courage and luck. You got a lot of the first, but I figured you could use some of the second."

2015, Susan Vaught, “Three Weeks Later”, in Footer Davis Might be Probably is Crazy (A Paula Wiseman Book), New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, →ISBN, pages 226–227:

(mineralogy, by extension) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.


aciculite

From Latin acicula, diminutive of acus (“needle”).

(mineralogy) A sulfide of bismuth, lead, and copper.


soap

soap (countable and uncountable, plural soaps)

Sranan Tongo: sopo

→ Kari'na: sopo

→ Trió: sopo

→ Wayana: sopu

Tok Pisin: sop

→ Ajië: yööpö

→ Bemba: isopo

desctree

→ Burmese: ဆပ်ပြာ (hcappra)
→ Shan: သပ်ႉပျႃႇ (sâ̰p pjàa)

→ Chichewa: sopo

→ Dutch: soap

→ French: soap

→ German: Soap

→ Irish: sópa

→ Malayalam: സോപ്പ് (sōppŭ)

→ Maori: hopi

→ Marshallese: joob

→ Palauan: sob

→ Pohnpeian: sohpw

→ Tamil: சோப்பு (cōppu)

→ Teribe: söp

→ West Uvean: sop

desc

→ Xârâcùù: söpö

→ Xârâcùù: söpö

From Middle English sope, sape, from Old English sāpe (“soap, salve”), from Proto-West Germanic *saipā, from Proto-Germanic *saipǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *seyb-, *seyp- (“to pour out, drip, trickle, strain”).
Cognate with Scots saip, sape (“soap”), Saterland Frisian Seepe (“soap”), West Frisian sjippe (“soap”), Dutch zeep (“soap”), German Low German Seep (“soap”), German Seife (“soap”), Danish sæbe (“soap”), Swedish såpa (“soap”), Norwegian Bokmål såpe (“soap”), Norwegian Nynorsk såpe (“soap”), Faroese sápa (“soap”), Icelandic sápa (“soap”), Finnish saippua (“soap”), Finnish suopa (“soft soap”). Related also to Old English sāp (“amber, resin, pomade, unguent”), Latin sēbum (“tallow, fat, grease”). See seep. Latin sāpō (“soap”) is a borrowing from the Germanic.

cog

I tried washing my hands with soap, but the stain wouldn't go away.

(countable, uncountable, informal, by extension, mineralogy) Some other substance, often a detergent or another surfactant, able to mix with both oil and water, used for cleaning.


bloom

en-noun

bloom (countable and uncountable, plural blooms)

From Middle English blome, from Old Norse blóm, from Proto-Germanic *blōmô (“flower”). Doublet of bloom (“spongy mass of metal”); see there for more.

the rose-red cobalt bloom

(mineralogy) A bright-hued variety of some minerals.

kukka

mineralogy: a popular term for a bright-hued variety of some minerals


cleavage

cleavage (countable and uncountable, plural cleavages)

Notice that cleavage has nothing to do with imperfections in the crystal. Indeed, if you try cleaving an imperfect crystal, you may find that it cannot be cleaved as well as a perfect one. The cleavage is the result of the orderliness of the atomic arrangement. No wonder imperfections, which disturb the orderliness, disturb the cleavage as well. You will also note that the cleavage directions are obedient to the symmetry of the crystal.

1982, Alan Holden, Phylis Morrison, “Cleaving and Gliding Crystals”, in Crystals and Crystal Growing, Cambridge, Mass., London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 202:

(mineralogy) The tendency of a crystal to split along specific planes; schistosity.

цепимост

mineralogy: tendency of a crystal to split


sandarac

sandarac (countable and uncountable, plural sandaracs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sandarac.wav

From Latin sandaraca, from Ancient Greek σανδαράκη (sandarákē, “realgar”).

der

(mineralogy, archaic) Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic.


sandarac

sandarac (accusative indefinite nominative)
sandaracul (accusative definite nominative)
sandarac (indefinite)
sandaracului (definite)
sandaracule (vocative)

Borrowed from French sandaraque or Latin sandaraca.


morion

From French morion, from Late Latin mōrion, a misreading in some manuscripts for Latin mormoriōn.

(mineralogy) A brown or black variety of quartz.


garnet

en-noun

garnet (countable and uncountable, plural garnets)

From Middle English gernet, granate, from Old French grenate, from grenat (“pomegranate red”). Doublet of grenade.

How many needles Betty Flanders had lost there! and her garnet brooch.

1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room, Vintage Classics, page 127:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 13, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) A hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives.


garnet

From English garnet, from Middle English granate, from Old French grenate, from grenat (“pomegranate red”).

(mineralogy) a hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives


beryl

beryl (countable and uncountable, plural beryls)

Inherited from Middle English beryl, from Old French beril, from Latin bērillus, bēryllus, from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”).

der

The sunset had been magnificent, and the Thames was floating in dark radiance; the waves wearing that transparent clearness, which gives more the idea of melted beryl, than aught else: every little circle in the water had that trembling light which characterises precious stones.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Fête”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 57:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.

(uncountable, mineralogy) A mineral of pegmatite deposits, often used as a gemstone (molecular formula Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈).


beryl

Polish: beryl

Borrowed from Middle French béryl. First attested in 1472.

*Berzyl erilla

1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1856:

(mineralogy) beryl (mineral of pegmatite deposits)


beryl

pl-noun

beryl m inan (related adjective berylowy)

berylowy (adjective)
beryl (nominative singular)
beryle (nominative plural)
berylu (genitive singular)
beryli (genitive plural)
berylowi (dative singular)
berylom (dative plural)
beryl (accusative singular)
beryle (accusative plural)
berylem (instrumental singular)
berylami (instrumental plural)
berylu (locative singular)
berylach (locative plural)
berylu (singular vocative)
beryle (plural vocative)

(mineralogy, countable) beryl (mineral of pegmatite deposits)


epigenetic

/ˌɛpɪd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪk/

(genetics, mineralogy) Of or relating to epigenesis.


augite

en-noun

augite (countable and uncountable, plural augites)

(mineralogy) A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt.


augite

→ Romanian: augit


corona

corona (plural coronas or coronae or (obsolete) coronæ)

coronas (plural)
coronae (plural)
coronæ (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: コロナ (korona)

The noun is borrowed from Latin corōna (“crown; garland, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The English word is a doublet of crown, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone.
The plural form coronae is borrowed from Latin corōnae.
The verb is derived from the noun.

laki

upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body

kruunu

appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona

Green hornblende is abundant at the rims of chlorite coronas in contact with amphibole-filled cracks, whereas it is minor (but not absent) in coronas in contact with chlorite-filled cracks.

2017, J. Theo Kloprogge, Robert Lavinsky, “Introduction: Geological Examples”, in Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism, Amsterdam, Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Elsevier, →ISBN, figure 1.45 caption, page 67:

(mineralogy) A mineral zone, consisting of one or more minerals, which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals, typically in a radial arrangement; a reaction rim.

sauma

mineral zone which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals


galena

en-noun

galena (usually uncountable, plural galenas or galenae)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-galena.wav

From Latin galēna (“dross from smelting lead”).

der

You can easily extract lead from galena, a natural mineral which has been used in crystal radio receivers.

1939 November, Raymond B. Wailes, “Chemical Engineering for Home Experimenters”, in Popular Science, page 207:

1942, G. F. Loughlin, A. H. Koschmann, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Magdalena Mining District, New Mexico, Geological Survey Professional Paper, Issue 200, page 98,
The galena of the ore contains microscopic inclusions of various forms that become visible upon polished surfaces etched with hydrochloric or nitric acid.

These samples had higher Pb²⁰⁶ and Pb²⁰⁸ abundances than any other galenas yet examined.

1953, “Report of the Committee on the Measurement of Geologic Time”, in U.S, National Research Council, page 132:

Very little galena has been reported (recovered mostly from burial mounds) in the Great Lakes region indicating that the mineral was not a major interregional exchange commodity during this period. However, numerous galenas have been recovered from the lower Mississippi Valley region and Florida indicating that galena was part of an important north-south exchange system (Walthall 1981).

2008, Sanghamitra Ghosh, Heavy Stable Isotope Investigations in Environmental Science and Archaeology, page 77:

(mineralogy) A mineral, lead sulphide (PbS), mined as an ore for lead.


galena

galena (nominative singular)
galeny (genitive singular)
galenie (dative singular)
galenę (accusative singular)
galeną (instrumental singular)
galenie (locative singular)
galeno (singular vocative)


galena

(mineralogy) galena (mineral mined as an ore of lead)


halite

en-noun

halite (countable and uncountable, plural halites)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-halite.wav

From Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls, “salt”), + -ite.

(mineralogy) Native salt; sodium chloride NaCl as a mineral; rock salt.


irised

From iris + -ed; as a synonym of iridescent and irisated, perhaps a calque of French irisé.

Heat decomposes this ammoniacal sulphure: in a certain space of time, a great many small irised needles, a line or two in length, are formed in it: they appear to be concrete ammoniacal sulphure in crystals.

1790, Antoine-François de Fourcroy, translated by William Nicholson, Elements of Natural History and Chemistry, London: C. Elliot and T. Kay, Part 2, Chapter 4, p. 143:

Yellow and irised quartz also occurs in mica slat in Fitchburg.

1833, Edward Hitchcock, Report on the Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, and Zoology of Massachusetts, Amherst: J.S. and C. Adams, page 344:

(mineralogy, chemistry, obsolete) Exhibiting the prismatic colours.


kaolin

From French kaolin, from Chinese 高嶺／高岭 (Gāolǐng, “high hill”).


mica

mica (countable and uncountable, plural micas)

Borrowed from Latin mīca (“grain, crumb”).

His little eyes glittered like mica discs with curiosity, though he tried to keep up a bit of superciliousness.

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 214:

(mineralogy) Any of a group of hydrous aluminosilicate minerals characterized by highly perfect cleavage, so that they readily separate into very thin leaves, more or less elastic.

雲母

うんも, unmo, うんぼ, unbo, きらら, kirara, きら, kira


mica

Borrowed from Latin mīca. Doublet of mie and miche.


mica

Borrowed from Latin mīca, the same source as the above.


mica

la-noun

mīca f (genitive mīcae); first declension

mīca (canonical feminine)
mīcae (genitive)
mīca (nominative singular)
mīcae (nominative plural)
mīcae (genitive singular)
mīcārum (genitive plural)
mīcae (dative singular)
mīcīs (dative plural)
mīcam (accusative singular)
mīcās (accusative plural)
mīcā (ablative singular)
mīcīs (ablative plural)
mīca (singular vocative)
mīcae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Romanian: mică

Italian: mica

Old French: mie
French: mie

Old Galician-Portuguese: miga

Galician: miga

Portuguese: miga

Old Spanish: miga

Spanish: miga

→ English: mica

→ French: mica

→ Galician: mica

→ Portuguese: mica

→ Spanish: mica

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *mīcca

Aragonese: mica (in no mica "not")

Old French: miche

French: miche

→ Basque: mitsika

→ Breton: méchen

→ Portuguese: micha

Italian: frammica (“crumb”) (Marche)

Ligurian: micca (“a small loaf”) (Genoa)

Piedmontese: mica

Old Occitan:

Catalan: mica

Occitan: mica

→ Alemannic German: Miigge

→ Dutch: mik

→ West Frisian: mik

Calabrian dialect
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch

Uncertain:
* traditionally derived from Proto-Italic *(s)mīkā, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meyk- (“small, thin, delicate”), related to Ancient Greek (σ)μῑκρός ((s)mīkrós) – details there.
* in view of meaning (1), De Vaan (2008) with Nyman (1987) prefer Proto-Italic *meikā (“a glittering particle”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to blink”), whence also micō.
Attested from Cato onwards.
A number of Romance forms, e.g. Romanian mic, Neapolitan miccu, Calabrian/Sicilian miccu, reflect an unattested adjective *mīccus. This is probably unrelated, being a borrowing from Ancient Greek μῑκκός (mīkkós), variant of μῑκρός (mīkrós, “small”); the form *mīcca is associated with the meaning “loaf of bread” particularly in Gallo-Romance and Gallo-Italic.


mica

Borrowed from Latin mīca. Doublet of miga.

(mineralogy) mica (hydrous aluminosilicate mineral)


mica

Borrowed from Latin mīca. Compare the inherited doublet miga.


onyx

en-noun

onyx (countable and uncountable, plural onyxes)

From Middle English onix (c. 1300), earlier oniche (c. 1250), from Old French oniche or onix, from Latin onyx, from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “onyx”). Doublet of unguis.

People talk about using marble in the bathrooms. Marble wasn't good enough for use—we have onyx!

2023 September 23, Tom Robbins, “Suite dreams”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 1:

(mineralogy) A banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz.


opal

In Florio’s A World of Words 1598 as opale, from French opale, from Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), from उपरि (upári, “the upper millstone”). Distantly related to over.

أُوبَال

a mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity

(mineralogy) A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity, of the chemical formula SiO₂·nH₂O.

(gemology) A precious gem, an iridescent gemstone found in the opal-silica mineral substrate (potch)


opal

From English opal, from French opale, from Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), from उपरि (upári, “the upper millstone”).


opal

opal (nominative singular)
opale (nominative plural)
opalu (genitive singular)
opali (genitive plural)
opalowi (dative singular)
opalom (dative plural)
opal (accusative singular)
opale (accusative plural)
opalem (instrumental singular)
opalami (instrumental plural)
opalu (locative singular)
opalach (locative plural)
opalu (singular vocative)
opale (plural vocative)


opal

opale (plural)
opal (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
opalul (accusative definite nominative singular)
opale (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
opalele (accusative definite nominative plural)
opal (indefinite singular)
opalului (definite singular)
opale (indefinite singular)
opalelor (definite plural)
opalule (singular vocative)
opalelor (vocative)

Borrowed from German Opal or Latin opalus or French opale.


pluton

(mineralogy) A body of igneous rock formed beneath the surface of the earth by consolidation of magma


pyrite

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyrite.wav

Recorded since 1555, from Old French pyrite (12th century), from Latin pȳritēs, from Ancient Greek πυρίτης λίθος (purítēs líthos, “stone of fire, flint”) (so called because it glitters), notably the first part: adjective πυρίτης (purítēs, “of or in fire”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”). Analyzable as pyr- + -ite

der

πυρίτης λίθος

China's 13 large foreign fertilizer plants ordered a few years ago are all scheduled to be in operation in a year or two.[…]China's biggest pyrite mine (openpit), being built in Yunfu, Kwangtung Province, was near completion.

1978 November 9, K. P. Wang, “China's Mineral Economy”, in Chinese Economy Post-Mao: A Compendium of Papers, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 387:

(mineralogy) The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS₂), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.


rutile

en-noun

rutile (countable and uncountable, plural rutiles)

From Latin rutilus (“red”) because of its common color, named in 1803.

(mineralogy) The most frequent of the three polymorphs of titanium dioxide, crystalizing in the tetragonal system, TiO₂.

рутил

the most frequent of the three polymorphs of titanium dioxide


spar

spar (countable and uncountable, plural spars)

→ Irish: sparra

→ Welsh: sbar

From Middle Low German spar, sper (“spar”); or from a backformation of sparstone (“spar”), from Middle English sparston (“gypsum, chalk”), from Old English spærstān (“gypsum”). Related to German Sparkalk (“plaster”), Old English spæren (“of plaster, of mortar”).

cog

(mineralogy) Any of various microcrystalline minerals, of light, translucent, or transparent appearance, which are easily cleft.

(mineralogy) Any crystal with readily discernible faces.

espat

any crystal with readily discernible faces


hircine

First attested in its present form in 1650–1660: From Middle English hircyne, from Latin hircīnus (“of a goat”, “goat-scented”); equivalent to hircus (“a male goat”) + -īnus (“-ine”). Cognate with French hircin. Compare caprine, haedine.

der

(mineralogy) A fossil amorphous resin which, when burnt, gives off a pungent, hircinous aroma.


sard

en-noun

sard (countable and uncountable, plural sards)

From Middle English sarde, borrowed from Old French sarde, from Latin sarda, sardius. Doublet of sardius.

(mineralogy) A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish red color.


segregation

segregation (countable and uncountable, plural segregations)

/sɛɡɹəˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/

1555. From Latin segregatio.
Morphologically segregate + -ion

сегрегация

politics, public policy — see also apartheid

(mineralogy) Separation from a mass, and gathering about centers or into cavities at hand through cohesive or adhesive attraction or the crystallizing process.


magnetit

magnètīt (canonical masculine)
магнѐтӣт (Cyrillic)
magnètīt (nominative singular)
magnetiti (nominative plural)
magnetíta (genitive singular)
magnetita (genitive plural)
magnetitu (dative singular)
magnetitima (dative plural)
magnetit (accusative singular)
magnetite (accusative plural)
magnetite (singular vocative)
magnetiti (plural vocative)
magnetitu (locative singular)
magnetitima (locative plural)
magnetitom (instrumental singular)
magnetitima (instrumental plural)


clinozoisite

clinozoisite (countable and uncountable, plural clinozoisites)

(mineralogy) A basic calcium aluminosilicate found in crystalline schists, a metamorphic product of calcium feldspar.


argentite

argentite (countable and uncountable, plural argentites)

/ˈɑːdʒənˌtaɪt/

(mineralogy) Silver sulfide, (Ag₂S), a primary ore of silver, in cubic or hexoctahedral crystals.


chalcocite

chalcocite (countable and uncountable, plural chalcocites)

Their croppings are either entirely barren or contain only a moderate amount of copper, but much richer ore is ordinarily found just above the chalcocite zone.

1905, Waldemar Lindgren, The Copper Deposits of the Clifton-Morenci District, Arizona, page 207:

(mineralogy) Cuprous sulfide, Cu₂S, an important ore of copper.


feldspar

feldspar (countable and uncountable, plural feldspars)

Partial calque of German Feldspat, formed from Feld (“field”) + Spat (“spar”), the second element replaced with the English cognate spar.

(mineralogy) Any of a large group of rock-forming minerals that, together, make up about 60% of the earth's outer crust.

veldspaat

any of a large group of rock-forming minerals


orthoclase

orthoclase (countable and uncountable, plural orthoclases)

(mineralogy) Potassium aluminum silicate, KAlSi₃O₈, a common feldspar of igneous, plutonic, and metamorphic rocks. Orthoclase is the main feldspar of pegmatite occurrences, where it is most commonly flesh-colored. Orthoclase is used in the ceramic and glass industries and as a decorative gravel.


sanidine

sanidine (countable and uncountable, plural sanidines)

From Ancient Greek σανίς (sanís, “board”) + -ine.

(mineralogy) A variety of orthoclase feldspar found as tabular crystals embedded in volcanic rocks. Some forms (called moonstone) exhibit adularescence.


adularia

Named for the type locality at Adular, Switzerland.

(mineralogy) A variety of orthoclase feldspar found as colorless to white prismatic crystals in cavities in metamorphic rocks. Some specimens reflect a bluish sheen along crystal faces. This phenomenon is called adularescence, and adularia with this property is called moonstone. (See sanidine).


microcline

microcline (countable and uncountable, plural microclines)

(mineralogy) A common feldspar of igneous, plutonic, and metamorphic rocks, made of potassium aluminum silicate, with the chemical formula KAlSi₃O₈.


plagioclase

plagioclase (usually uncountable, plural plagioclases)

From plagio- + -clase, after German Plagioklas.

These crystals are of one of the most abundant minerals in nature – feldspar; furthermore, they are of a particular kind of feldspar rich in the element calcium, termed plagioclase.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 51:

(mineralogy) Any of a group of aluminum silicate feldspathic minerals ranging in their ratio of calcium to sodium.


albite

From Latin albus (“white”), the common color of the mineral, + -ite.

(mineralogy) A plagioclase feldspar, the first member of the Albite-Anorthite solid solution series.


oligoclase

oligoclase (usually uncountable, plural oligoclases)

(mineralogy) A plagioclase feldspar, the second member of the Albite-Anorthite solid solution series. Primarily found as small crystals in impure marble. Oligoclase contains a small amount of calcium substituting for some of the sodium in its formula. Oligoclase with reddish-golden inclusions found in Norway and Canada is called sunstone.


andesine

andesine (countable and uncountable, plural andesines)

From Andes + -ine, after its type locality in the Andes of Colombia.

(mineralogy) Sodium calcium aluminum silicate, (Na_xCa_xAlSi_3O_8), a plagioclase feldspar, the third member of the albite-anorthite solid solution series. Found in fine-grained andesite lavas; crystals are rarely seen.


labradorite

labradorite (usually uncountable, plural labradorites)

/ˈlæb.ɹəˌdɔɹˌaɪt/

/ˌlæb.ɹəˈdɔɹˌaɪt/

(mineralogy) A plagioclase feldspar mineral, calcium sodium aluminum silicate, often very coarsely crystalline, used as a decorative stone for carvings and building façades.


bytownite

bytownite (usually uncountable, plural bytownites)

From Bytown + -ite, named for the type locality in Bytown (now Ottawa), Canada, but this locality was later discredited. The name, however, was kept.

(mineralogy) A plagioclase feldspar, the fifth member of the Albite-Anorthite solid solution series. Bytownite is rare, and normally occurs in small grains in lime-rich igneous rocks. Clear pale yellow crystals have come from Mexico and Oregon.


anorthite

anorthite (countable and uncountable, plural anorthites)

From Ancient Greek αν- (an-, “not”) + ὀρθός (orthós, “straight”) "not perpendicular; less than straight", in reference to its odd.

(mineralogy) A variety of plagioclase feldspar, the calcium endmember of that series.


metamorphic

(mineralogy) A rock that has been changed from its original form by subjection to heat and/or pressure.


feldspathoid

feldspathoid (countable and uncountable, plural feldspathoids)

From German Feldspath (“feldspar”) + -oid.

(mineralogy) Any of a small group of igneous, plutonic, and volcanic minerals formed in magma that did not contain enough silica to satisfy all the chemical bonds. Feldspathoids are silica-poor variants of the feldspar group.


leucite

leucite (countable and uncountable, plural leucites)

From Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + -ite.

(mineralogy) A mineral of silica-poor igneous, plutonic and volcanic rocks. Chemically, leucite is a potassium feldspar with insufficient silica to satisfy the chemical bonds. Because of the unfilled bonds, leucite weathers rapidly and can only be seen as inclusions in freshly broken rock.


nepheline

nepheline (countable and uncountable, plural nephelines)

From Ancient Greek νεφέλη (nephélē, “cloud”), because crystals become cloudy when exposed to acid, + -ine.

(mineralogy) A feldspathoid mineral of silica-poor igneous, plutonic and volcanic rocks. Chemically, nepheline is a plagioclase feldspar with insufficient silica to satisfy the chemical bonds. Because of the unfilled bonds, nepheline weathers rapidly and can only be seen as inclusions in freshly broken rock.


quartz

quartz (countable and uncountable, plural quartzes)

→ Malay: kuarza

From German Quarz, from Middle High German (Central East German) quarz, twarc, from a West Slavic language [compare Polish twardy (“hard”), Czech tvrdý (“hard”)], from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ.

The telescope and collimator have each an object-glass consisting of a single lens of quartz 1½ inch diameter and a focal length of 18½ inches for the sodium yellow light, but not more than 16 inches for the highest rays measured.

1883, George Downing Liveing, James Dewar, “On the Ultra-Violet Spectra of the Elements”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, volume 174, Barrison and Sons, part I, page 188:

Subsequently, the old Malay brought him the present specimen in a state of torpidity, telling him he had found it in a cavity of the quartz reef.

1892 April 13, Armiger Barczinsky, “The Golden Snail”, in Sylvanus Urban (pseudonym of Edward Cave), editor, The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 272, page 331:

My meat eats me. Who waits at the gate? / Mother of quartz, your words writhe into my ear. / Renew the light, lewd whisper.

1948, Theodore Roethke, “The Shape of the Fire”, in The Lost Son and Other Poems; republished in The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke, 1975, →ISBN, page 62:

(mineralogy) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO₂. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.


morganite

morganite (countable and uncountable, plural morganites)

(mineralogy) A gemstone of pegmatite deposits. Morganite is a transparent pink variety of beryl.


silica group

(mineralogy) A large group of silicate minerals having a silicon to oxygen ratio of 1:2. This group includes many silicates of sodium, potassium, calcium, and aluminum in an open network structure.


tridymite

tridymite (countable and uncountable, plural tridymites)

The name refers to the peculiar habit of crystallizing in groups of three individuals.

(mineralogy) A rare mineral of volcanic rocks that solidified at a high temperature, with the chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO₂. Tridymite is chemically identical to quartz, but has a different crystal structure. Sometimes contains sodium aluminum silicate, which seems to be expelled when quartz solidifies at lower temperatures.


cristobalite

cristobalite (countable and uncountable, plural cristobalites)

Named for the type locality at Cerro San Cristóbal, Mexico, + -ite.

(mineralogy) A mineral of volcanic rocks that solidified at a high temperature. Cristobalite is chemically identical to quartz, with the chemical formula SiO₂, but has a different crystal structure. Crystals are always microscopic, and usually form small rounded masses.


sodalite

sodalite (countable and uncountable, plural sodalites)

Named for the alkaline silicate composition.

(mineralogy) A mineral of alkaline igneous and plutonic rocks that are low in silica, of the chemical composition of sodium aluminum silicate with chlorine, Na₄Al₃Si₃O₁₂Cl. Pink sodalite is sometimes called hackmanite. Sodalite and lazurite form the sodalite Group of silicate minerals.


lazurite

lazurite (usually uncountable, plural lazurites)

From Medieval Latin lazur (“lapis lazuli”) (from Arabic لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward), from Persian لاژورد (lâžvard)) + -ite.

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 13, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) A mineral of metamorphosed limestones. Lazurite forms the gemstone lapis lazuli, and crushed lazurite provided the ultramarine color in artists' paint of the Old Masters. Sodalite and lazurite form the sodalite group of silicate minerals. Chemical composition: Sodium aluminum silicate with sulphur, Na₄₋₅Al₃Si₃O₁₂S.


tellurian

[tʰəˈlɝː.iː.ɨ̃n]

From Latin tellūs (“earth, ground; the globe, planet Earth; country, land”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“ground, bottom”), + -ian (suffix meaning "from, related to, or like" when forming an adjective, or "one from, belonging to, relating to, or like" when forming a noun).

suffix

The tellurian mineral from Goldfield, Nevada, described originally as goldfieldite by Ransome (1909), was proven to be tellurian tennantite by X-ray powder diffraction (Thompson 1946).

1986, Katsuo Kase, “Tellurian Tennantite from the Besshi-type Deposits in the Sambagawa Metamorphic Belt, Japan”, in The Canadian Mineralogist, volume 24, number 2, page 400, column 1:

(mineralogy) Of a mineral: containing tellurium.


inclusion

en-noun

inclusion (countable and uncountable, plural inclusions)

Borrowed from Latin inclusio, inclusionis, from the verb Latin inclūdō (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudō (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). By surface analysis, include + -sion. Doublet of enclosure.

der

The fewer inclusions a diamond has, the better is its clarity and value. Often the inclusions can be cut out of a diamond in the rough.

2009, Cindy Lasiter, Diamonds in the Rough, Xulon Press, →ISBN, page xi:

(countable, mineralogy) Any material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation, as a defect in a precious stone.


asbestos

en-noun

asbestos (countable and uncountable, plural asbestoses or (rare) asbesti)

asbestoses (plural)
asbesti (plural rare)

From Old French abestos, from Latin asbestos, itself from Ancient Greek ἄσβεστος (ásbestos, “unquenchable, inextinguishable”), from ᾰ̓- (ă-, “not”) + σβέννῡμῐ (sbénnūmĭ, “I quench, quell”).

der

All types of asbestos are potentially carcinogenic when inhaled.

Asbestos insulation was once ubiquitous.

Consul Baker, of Antung, China, states that valuable deposits of asbestos have been found in the vicinity of Kuantien, a small town lying about 45 miles northeast of Antung.[…]There are three mines now in operation, each employing about 30 workers. These workers, however, are mostly farmers who devote only their spare time to mining and use simply hammers and chisels and gather only the asbestos which lies near the surface.

1913 February, “Asbestos Mines in China”, in Mines and Minerals, volume XXXIII, number 7, Scranton, PA, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 398, column 3:

Insulation against sound and changes in external temperature is given by a thickness of asbestos on the inside of the panels.

1946 November and December, “New L.M.S.R. Royal Coaches”, in Railway Magazine, page 371:

(mineralogy) Any of several fibrous mineral forms of magnesium silicate, used for fireproofing, electrical insulation, building materials, brake linings, chemical filters, suits, fireman's gloves, etc.

asbes

any of several fibrous mineral forms of magnesium silicate

blue asbestos

(forms of magnesium silicate): serpentine: parachrysotile, amianthus, common asbestos, chrysotile; amphibole

(mineralogy) Any of asbestos-like forms of several minerals, asbestiforms


relief

→ Bulgarian: реле́ф (reléf)

→ Danish: relief

→ Polish: relief

→ Romanian: relief

→ Russian: рельеф (relʹjef)

→ Swedish: relief

→ Turkish: rölyef

Inherited from Old French, from relever.

(geography, mineralogy) relief, surface elevation


magnetite

From magnet + -ite, after German Magnetit.

Coordinate term: hematite

Appropriately enough, the commonest of these, a simple iron oxide, is called magnetite.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 137:

(mineralogy) A magnetic mineral, Fe₃O₄, one of the primary ores of iron.


pitchblende

en-noun

pitchblende (countable and uncountable, plural pitchblendes)

From German Pechblende, from Pech (“pitch”) + Blende (“blende”).

Working in Paris in 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie processed thousands of pounds of pitchblende from the same glass-factory tailings in order to isolate two radioactive elements that had hitherto been unknown: radium and polonium.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 205:

(mineralogy) Naturally-occurring uranium oxide, a variety of the mineral uraninite.


tagliare

it-verb

tagliàre (first-person singular present tàglio, first-person singular past historic tagliài, past participle tagliàto, auxiliary avére)

tagliàre (canonical)
tàglio (first-person present singular)
tagliài (first-person historic past singular)
tagliàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
tagliàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
tagliàndo (gerund)
tagliànte (participle present)
tagliàto (participle past)
tàglio (first-person indicative present singular)
tàgli (indicative present second-person singular)
tàglia (indicative present singular third-person)
tagliàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
tagliàte (indicative plural present second-person)
tàgliano (indicative plural present third-person)
tagliàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
tagliàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
tagliàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
tagliavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
tagliavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
tagliàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
tagliài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
tagliàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
tagliò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
tagliàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
tagliàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
tagliàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
taglierò (first-person future indicative singular)
taglierài (future indicative second-person singular)
taglierà (future indicative singular third-person)
taglierémo (first-person future indicative plural)
taglieréte (future indicative plural second-person)
taglierànno (future indicative plural third-person)
taglierèi (conditional first-person singular)
taglierésti (conditional second-person singular)
taglierèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
taglierébbe (conditional singular third-person)
taglierémmo (conditional first-person plural)
taglieréste (conditional plural second-person)
taglierèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
taglierébbero (conditional plural third-person)
tàgli (first-person present singular subjunctive)
tàgli (present second-person singular subjunctive)
tàgli (present singular subjunctive third-person)
tagliàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
tagliàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
tàglino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
tagliàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
tagliàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
tagliàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
tagliàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tagliàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tagliàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
tàglia (imperative second-person singular)
tàgli (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
tagliàmo (first-person imperative plural)
tagliàte (imperative plural second-person)
tàglino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
tagliàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
tàgli (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
tagliàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
tagliàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
tàglino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

→? Spanish: tallar

From Late Latin tāliāre, a verb based on Latin tālea (“cutting taken from a plant”).

der

(mineralogy) to cleave (to break a single crystal such as a gemstone)


heliotrope

en-noun

heliotrope (countable and uncountable, plural heliotropes)

PIE word
 *sóh₂wl̥
The noun is borrowed from French héliotrope, from Latin hēliotropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”), from Ancient Greek ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (hēlĭotrópĭon, “European heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum); bloodstone; solar clock, sundial”), from ἥλῐος (hḗlĭos, “the sun”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“the sun”)) + τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”) (from τρέπω (trépō, “to rotate; to turn”) (from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns from verbs)) + -ῐον (-ĭon, diminutive suffix forming nouns).
The French-derived spelling displaced Middle English elitrope, eliotropius, elitropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”) [and other forms], from Old English eliotropus, from Latin hēliotropium (see above); and Old English siġelhweorfa, sōlsece, and sunnfolgend (“heliotrope flower”).
Sense 6 (“synonym of bloodstone”) is from the fact that a piece of the mineral placed in water is said to change the sun’s rays to a blood-red colour: see the 1601 quotation.
The adjective is probably derived from the noun.

ref

From the B. A. Colonna collection, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A.

nb...

eliscrope, eliotropia, elitrepie, elitropius

heliotropi

plant with flowers which turn to face and follow the sun

garden heliotrope

Heliotropium arborescens or Valeriana officinalis

The pretious ſtone Heliotropium, is found in Æthiopia, Affricke, and Cyprus: the ground thereof is a deepe greene in manner of a leeke, but the ſame is garniſhed vvith veins of bloud: the reaſon of the name Heliotropium is this, For that if it be throvvne into a paile of vvater, it chaungeth the raies of the Sun by vvay of reverberation into a bloudie colour, eſpecially that vvhich commeth out of Æthiopia: the ſame beeing vvithout the vvater, doth repreſent the bodie of the Sun, like unto a mirroir:[…]

[1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXVII.] Of Certaine Gems Digested in Order According to the Alphabet.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 627:

Amid this dread exuberance of woe / Ran naked spirits wing'd with horrid fear, / Nor hope had they of crevice where to hide, / Or heliotrope to charm them out of view.

1814, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXIV”, in H[enry] F[rancis] Cary, transl., The Vision; or, Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, of Dante Alighieri. […], volume I (Hell), London: […] [J. Barfield] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 104, lines 89–92:

(countable, uncountable, mineralogy) Synonym of bloodstone (“a green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite”)

heliotrop

synonym of bloodstone — see also bloodstone


ardezo

eo-head

ardezo (accusative singular ardezon, plural ardezoj, accusative plural ardezojn)

ardezon (accusative singular)
ardezoj (plural)
ardezojn (accusative plural)


mimic

From Latin mīmicus, from Ancient Greek μῑμικός (mīmikós, “belonging to mimes”), from μῖμος (mîmos, “imitator, actor”); see mime.

uder

(mineralogy) Imitative; characterized by resemblance to other forms; applied to crystals which by twinning resemble simple forms of a higher grade of symmetry.


cleave

en-verb

cleave (third-person singular simple present cleaves, present participle cleaving, simple past cleft or clove or (UK) cleaved or (archaic) clave, past participle cleft or cloven or (UK) cleaved)

cleaves (present singular third-person)
cleaving (participle present)
cleft (past)
clove (past)
cleaved (UK past)
clave (archaic past)
cleft (participle past)
cloven (participle past)
cleaved (UK participle past)

From Middle English cleven, from the Old English strong verb clēofan (“to split, to separate”), from Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”).
Doublet of clive. Cognate with Dutch klieven, dialectal German klieben, Swedish klyva, Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva; also Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”).

der

(transitive, mineralogy) To break a single crystal (such as a gemstone or semiconductor wafer) along one of its more symmetrical crystallographic planes (often by impact), forming facets on the resulting pieces.

(intransitive, mineralogy) Of a crystal, to split along a natural plane of division.


carbonated

en-adj

carbonated (comparative more carbonated, superlative most carbonated)

more carbonated (comparative)
most carbonated (superlative)

(mineralogy) Containing calcium carbonate, often as a result of mineral carbonation.


striation

en-noun

striation (countable and uncountable, plural striations)

(countable, mineralogy) One of a number of parallel grooves and ridges in a rock or rocky deposit, formed by repeated twinning or cleaving of crystals.


polysynthetic

en-adj

polysynthetic (comparative more polysynthetic, superlative most polysynthetic)

more polysynthetic (comparative)
most polysynthetic (superlative)

(mineralogy) Having layers of twin crystals


massive

massive (comparative more massive, superlative most massive)

more massive (comparative)
most massive (superlative)

insubstantial

antonym(s) of “of or pertaining to a large mass”

inconsequential

antonym(s) of “of great significance or import”

From Middle English massif, from Middle French massif, equivalent to mass + -ive. The Irish sense is possibly derived from Irish mas (“fine, handsome”).

massief

of great size, significance or import; overwhelming

gravitationally interacting massive particle

massive astronomical compact halo object

massive astrophysical compact halo object

robust association of massive baryonic objects

super weakly interacting massive particle

(mineralogy) Not having an obvious crystalline structure.


massive

karst massives in western Georgia

(mineralogy) A homogeneous mass of rock, not layered and without an obvious crystal structure.


wad

en-noun

wad (countable and uncountable, plural wads)

(mineralogy) Any black manganese oxide or hydroxide mineral rich rock in the oxidized zone of various ore deposits.


corundum

corundum (countable and uncountable, plural corundums)

From Tamil குருந்தம் (kuruntam, “ruby, sapphire”) First attested in the early 18th century.

etydate

(mineralogy) An extremely hard mineral, a form of aluminum oxide with the chemical formula Al₂O₃, that occurs in the form of the gemstones sapphire and ruby; it is used as an abrasive.


smaragd

head

smaragd (genitive smaragdi, partitive smaragdi)

smaragdi (genitive)
smaragdi (partitive)


black jack

en-noun

black jack (countable and uncountable, plural black jacks)


agat

agatowy (adjective)
agat (nominative singular)
agaty (nominative plural)
agatu (genitive singular)
agatów (genitive plural)
agatowi (dative singular)
agatom (dative plural)
agat (accusative singular)
agaty (accusative plural)
agatem (instrumental singular)
agatami (instrumental plural)
agacie (locative singular)
agatach (locative plural)
agacie (singular vocative)
agaty (plural vocative)

agat oprawiony w coś

przepiękne agaty

agat mszysty

wykonany z agatu

(mineralogy) agate (semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two)


agat

agat (indefinite nominative singular)
agats (genitive indefinite singular)
agaten (definite nominative singular)
agatens (definite genitive singular)
agater (indefinite nominative plural)
agaters (genitive indefinite plural)
agaterna (definite nominative plural)
agaternas (definite genitive plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓χᾱ́της (ăkhā́tēs).


cyanose

Coined by François Sulpice Beudant, from Ancient Greek κυάνεος (kuáneos).


glance

glance (countable and uncountable, plural glances)

From Late Middle English glaunce (compare glaunce-ore (“type of ore; lead ore used for glazing pottery (?)”)), borrowed from Middle High German glanz (“(adjective) gleaming, glittering, sparkling; (noun) a gleam, glitter, sparkle”), from Old High German glanz (“bright”, adjective), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlend-.

der

Short for glance coal (“any hard, lustrous coal such as anthracite”).

glance coal

copper glance    silver glance

The Oxides, Pyrites, Glances, and Blendes, might be so termed; thus we should have Tungstic Iron Oxide (usually called Tungstate of Iron), Arsenical Iron Pyrites (Mispickel), Tetrahedral Copper Glance (Fahlerz), Quicksilver Blende (Cinnabar), and the Metals might be termed native, as Native Copper, Native Silver.

1840, William Whewell, “Aphorisms Concerning Science. Aphorism XVII.”, in The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded upon Their History. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […]; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: J. and J. J. Deighton, →OCLC, page cxix:

(obsolete except in the names of certain minerals) Any of various sulphides, mostly dark-coloured, which have a brilliant metallic lustre.

бленда

any of various sulphides which have a brilliant metallic lustre


titanic

From titan(ium) + -ic (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives from nouns), in the case of sense 1 (“of or relating to titanium”) modelled after French titanique.

suffix

(mineralogy) Of a mineral, especially iron ore: containing titanium, or from which titanium may be extracted.


verde

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis. Cognates include Italian verde and French vert.


minette

The minettes of Buell Mountain are felsic, and many contain ground-mass quartz.

(mineralogy) A mineral deposit consisting of iron ore of sedimentary origin, found in the south of Luxembourg and in Lorraine.


piropo

From Ancient Greek πυρωπός (purōpós, “fire-like”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


piropo

From Latin pyropus, from Ancient Greek πυρωπός (purōpós, “fire-colored”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


piropo

→ Portuguese: piropo


cummingtonite

en-noun

cummingtonite (countable and uncountable, plural cummingtonites)

From Cummington + -ite, since it was originally discovered in Cummington, Massachusetts.

(mineralogy) A mineral, magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide, (Mg,Fe)₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂.

cummingtoniet

mineral magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide


vermiculite

vermiculite (countable and uncountable, plural vermiculites)

From Latin vermiculus (“wormlet”), for its fibrous nature and tendency to expand into worm-like shapes when heated.

(mineralogy) A hydrated silicate mineral which expands on heating; it is used in insulation and as a medium for planting.


jaspe

Borrowed from Latin iaspis, from Ancient Greek ἴασπις (íaspis).


anhedral

en-adj

anhedral (comparative more anhedral, superlative most anhedral)

more anhedral (comparative)
most anhedral (superlative)

(mineralogy) Lacking sharp, recognisable crystal faces.

anedral

lacking sharp, recognisable crystal faces


asterism

From Ancient Greek ἀστερισμός (asterismós, “group of stars”), from ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”). Analyzable as aster- + -ism.

derived

(mineralogy) A star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals by reflected light (as in a star sapphire) or by transmitted light (as in some mica).

نَجْمِيَّة

a star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals


diamant

From Middle Dutch diamant, from Old French diamant, from Medieval Latin and Late Latin diamas, variant of Latin adamas.
The typographic use derives from Dirck Voskens, who first cut it around 1700 and presumably named it by analogy with the larger parel.


diamant

(mineralogy, gemstone, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) diamond


supercell

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supercell.wav

(mineralogy) A repeating unit cell of a crystal that contains several primitive cells.


malachite

en-noun

malachite (countable and uncountable, plural malachites)

From Middle French malachite, from Latin molochītis, from Ancient Greek μολόχη (molókhē, “[leaf of the ... ] mallow plant”).

der

(mineralogy) A bright green mineral, a basic copper carbonate, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂; one of the principal ores of copper.


malachite

From Middle French malachite, from Latin molochitis, from Ancient Greek μαλαχή (malakhḗ, “[leaf of the ... ] mallow plant”).


selenite

en-noun

selenite (countable and uncountable, plural selenites)

From Ancient Greek σελήνη (selḗnē, “moon”) + -ite; the chemistry sense comes via the name of the element selenium.

I followed them to my study, and found lying on my writing-table still, with the selenite paper-weight upon it, the sheet of work I had left on the afternoon of the opening of the cylinder.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 295:

Glass windows replaced the old tiny windows of selenite (crystallized gypsum), and stovepipe replaced adobe chimneys.

1994, Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built, New York: Viking, →ISBN, page 146:

(mineralogy) A soft, glassy form of gypsum (chemical formula CaSO₄·2H₂O).


selenite

From Latin selēnītēs, from Ancient Greek σεληνῑ́της (selēnī́tēs, “moonstone”), derived from σελήνη (selḗnē, “moon”).


meteoritics

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-meteoritics.wav

From the beginning of the nineteenth century forward, meteoritics progressed steadily to an exacting and highly interdisciplinary field.

1999, Harry Y. McSween, Jr., Meteorites and Their Parent Planets, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 7:

Following the precedents set in previous editions of the Catalogue of Meteorites, it is not the intention of this Introduction to discuss the science of meteoritics, but simply to provide a summary of the nomenclature and classification of meteorites and the system of entries adopted.

2000, Monica M. Grady, Catalogue of Meteorites, 5th edition, Cambridge University Press, page 1:

Meteoritics, the laboratory study of meteorites, was regarded as our best window on events at the time of the origin of the planets even before their age could be measured.[…]Recently, discoveries in both meteoritics and asteroid research have brought forward several interesting connections with comets, and even the Voyager revelation of the nature of ice-rich satellites has influenced our understanding of meteorite origins.

2004, John S. Lewis, Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System, 2nd edition, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 350:

(astronomy, mineralogy, geochemistry, cosmochemistry) The science that deals with meteors, meteorites, and meteoroids.

meteorytyka

science of meteors, meteorites and meteoroids


serpentine

From Middle English serpentine, from Old French serpentin, from Latin serpentīnus, from serpēns (“serpent”), equivalent to serpent + -ine.

It is reached by five-and-twenty steps of porphyry and serpentine.

2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 394:

(mineralogy) Any of several green/brown minerals consisting of magnesium and iron silicates that have similar layered crystal structure, whose appearance somewhat resembles a snake's skin.


castor

Named from Greek mythology; see Castor and Pollux. The name pollux was given to another mineral with which it was always found.

(mineralogy) A variety of petalite found in Elba.


Feldspat

de-noun

Feldspat m (strong, genitive Feldspats, plural Feldspate)

Feldspats (genitive)
Feldspate (plural)
Feldspat (nominative singular)
Feldspate (definite nominative plural)
Feldspats (genitive singular)
Feldspate (definite genitive plural)
Feldspat (dative singular)
Feldspaten (dative definite plural)
Feldspat (accusative singular)
Feldspate (accusative definite plural)


Ky

(A) Plane-polarized light and (B) back-scattered electron (BSE) images. The pseudomorph (Crd) is made up of Grt + Qtz + Ky rodlets + micas flakes (mainly biotite, Bt).

2017, J. Theo Kloprogge, Robert Lavinsky, “Introduction: Geological Examples”, in Photo Atlas of Mineral Pseudomorphism, Amsterdam: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 88:


Talk

Talk m (strong, genitive Talkes or Talks, no plural)

Talkes (genitive)
Talks (genitive)
Talk (nominative singular)
Talkes (genitive singular)
Talks (genitive singular)
Talk (dative singular)
Talke (dative singular)
Talk (accusative singular)


urania

(mineralogy) Any of several impure mixtures of uranium oxides.


lapis lazuli

en-noun

lapis lazuli (countable and uncountable, plural lapides lazuli or lapis lazulis)

lapides lazuli (plural)
lapis lazulis (plural)

From Middle English lapis lazuli, from Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) + lazulī, genitive singular of lazulum (“lapis lazuli, azure, the sky”), from Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli, azure”), from Persian لاجورد (lâjvard). Compare azure, of the same origin.

der

He saw the amber silk curtains wave to and fro: the middle window was open; in it stood a pillar of lapis lazuli, which supported an alabaster figure, Canova's Dansatrice.

1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Talisman, page 66:

(mineralogy) A deep-blue stone, used in making jewelry, and traditionally used to make the pigment ultramarine.


lapis lazuli

Borrowed from English lapis lazuli, from Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) and lazulī (“of the heavens”).


muscovite

en-noun

muscovite (countable and uncountable, plural muscovites)

In 1850 from Muscovy glass + -ite, from the province Muscovy in Russia. Named by James Dwight Dana.

Do you enjoy the amber glow seen through the isinglass window of a wood stove? […] Muscovite (colorless, white, or pale red or green) mica is also common[…]; it was named for Moskva (Moscow), where much of Europe's mica was mined. Isinglass, mentioned above, consists of thin, transparent sheets of muscovite.

2009, James S. Monroe, Reed Wicander, The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution, 5th edition, Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, →ISBN, page 76:

(mineralogy) A pale brown mineral of the mica group, being a basic potassium aluminosilicate with the chemical formula KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH,F)₂; used as an electrical insulator etc.


muscovite

→ Romanian: muscovit


ACC

calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate#English

(mineralogy) Initialism of amorphous calcium carbonate.


heliotropo

eo-head

heliotropo (accusative singular heliotropon, plural heliotropoj, accusative plural heliotropojn)

heliotropon (accusative singular)
heliotropoj (plural)
heliotropojn (accusative plural)


amphibole

From French amphibole, coined by René Just Haüy from Ancient Greek ἀμφίβολος (amphíbolos, “ambiguous”), in reference to its many forms.

der

Remember when we could see the mountain's peak?
The sparkle off the amphibole.

(mineralogy) Any of a large group of structurally similar hydrated double silicate minerals, containing various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminium.

amfíbol

Any of a large group of similar hydrated double silicate minerals


hornblende

en-noun

hornblende (countable and uncountable, plural hornblendes)

From German Hornblende, from Horn (“horn”) + Blende (see blende).

(mineralogy) A green to black amphibole mineral, of complex structure, formed in the late stages of cooling in igneous rock.


zincite

zincite (usually uncountable, plural zincites)

(mineralogy) A yellow, orange or dark-red mineral form of zinc oxide, often also containing small amounts of manganese, with a chemical formula (Zn,Mn²⁺)O, an important ore of zinc.


parting

parting (countable and uncountable, plural partings)

(mineralogy) Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamellae.


griceite

Named after Joel D. Grice, a Canadian mineralogist.

(mineralogy) A mineral, lithium fluoride, that occurs as white aggregates in other minerals, such as fluorite.


fluorite

fluorite (countable and uncountable, plural fluorites)

Fluorite is the main natural resource of Thailand.

(mineralogy) A widely occurring mineral (calcium fluoride), of various colours, used as a flux in steelmaking, and in the manufacture of glass, enamels and hydrofluoric acid.


haidingerite

From Haidinger + -ite, named in honor of Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger.

(mineralogy) A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime, its formula is Ca(AsO₃OH)·H₂O

Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger
haidingerite


alabaster

alabaster (nominative singular)
alabastry (nominative plural)
alabastru (genitive singular)
alabastrów (genitive plural)
alabastrowi (dative singular)
alabastrom (dative plural)
alabaster (accusative singular)
alabastry (accusative plural)
alabastrem (instrumental singular)
alabastrami (instrumental plural)
alabastrze (locative singular)
alabastrach (locative plural)
alabastrze (singular vocative)
alabastry (plural vocative)

kopalnia alabastru

(zrobiony, wykonany) z alabastru

(mineralogy) alabaster (fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum)


zeolite

zeolite (countable and uncountable, plural zeolites)

From Swedish zeolit, and its source, New Latin zeolites, from Ancient Greek ζέω (zéō, “to boil, bubble”) + -lite.

der

What I liked best were the zeolites from the stacks which rise out of the sea off the coast near Jaci.

1962, WH Auden, Elizabeth Mayer, translating JW Goethe, Italian Journey, Penguin, published 1970, page 284:

ion exchange chromatography
ion exchange chromatography

(mineralogy) Any of several minerals, aluminosilicates of sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium, that have a porous structure (originally, those which swelled and gave off water when heated); they are used in water softeners and in ion exchange chromatography.


montmorillonite

en-noun

montmorillonite (countable and uncountable, plural montmorillonites)

(mineralogy) Any of a group of soft, clay-like silicate minerals having many industrial and technical uses.


montmorillonite

fr-noun

montmorillonite f (plural montmorillonites)


montmorillonite

it-noun

montmorillonite f (plural montmorilloniti)


meager

en-adj

meager (comparative meagerer, superlative meagerest)

meagerer (comparative)
meagerest (superlative)

Jamaican Creole: mawga

From Middle English megre, from Anglo-Norman megre, Old French maigre, from Latin macer, from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós. Akin, through the Indo-European root, to Old English mæġer (“meager, lean”), West Frisian meager (“meager”), Dutch mager (“meager”), German mager, Icelandic magr whence the Icelandic magur,
Norwegian Bokmål mager and Danish mager. Doublet of maigre.

(mineralogy) Dry and harsh to the touch (e.g., as chalk).


磁石

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/hui²⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/hui¹³⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/hui²³⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/hui²⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/hui¹³⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/hui²³⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/


zunyite

Named after the Zuni mine, in Colorado; see -ite.

(mineralogy) A fluorosilicate mineral of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals, chemical formula Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl.


kips

kipsi (genitive)
kipsi (partitive)
kips (nominative singular)
kipsid (nominative plural)
kips (accusative nominative singular)
kipsid (accusative nominative plural)
kipsi (accusative genitive singular)
kipsid (accusative genitive plural)
kipsi (genitive singular)
kipside (genitive plural)
kipsi (partitive singular)
kipse (partitive plural)
kipsisid (partitive plural)
kipsi (illative singular)
kipsisse (illative singular)
kipsidesse (illative plural)
kipsesse (illative plural)
kipsis (inessive singular)
kipsides (inessive plural)
kipses (inessive plural)
kipsist (elative singular)
kipsidest (elative plural)
kipsest (elative plural)
kipsile (allative singular)
kipsidele (allative plural)
kipsele (allative plural)
kipsil (adessive singular)
kipsidel (adessive plural)
kipsel (adessive plural)
kipsilt (ablative singular)
kipsidelt (ablative plural)
kipselt (ablative plural)
kipsiks (singular translative)
kipsideks (plural translative)
kipseks (plural translative)
kipsini (singular terminative)
kipsideni (plural terminative)
kipsina (essive singular)
kipsidena (essive plural)
kipsita (abessive singular)
kipsideta (abessive plural)
kipsiga (comitative singular)
kipsidega (comitative plural)


indite

(mineralogy) An extremely rare indium-iron sulfide mineral.


quartzite

en-noun

quartzite (countable and uncountable, plural quartzites)

Following the course of the river from New Ulm to Fort Ridgely, there are several exposures of reddish-brown “granite” or quartzites, which has been quarried in a few places, but I do not feel entirely sure of its connection with the rocks in the prairie or at the Ferry below.

1869, James Hall, “Notes upon the Geology of Some Portions of Minnesota, from St. Paul to the Western Part of the State”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, volume XIII, page 331:

The stone experimented upon being of the hardest and toughest kind the effect is not seen for several strokes ; but within two minutes, during which the writer watched the experiment, a steel chisel was completely blunted and rendered useless, and there was a hole made about two inches deep in the mass of quartzite placed to operate upon.

1870 November 13, Professor Ansted, “The Passage of the Mont Cenis”, in Sylvanus Urban (pseudonym of Edward Cave), editor, The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 229, page 656:

Granites of the usual type, compact reddish or greyish quartz-felsite or rhyolite alternate one with another. A mica-trap is also found. Evidently this is an extension of the last group of rocks. A specimen of epidotic quartzite proves that there are, at any rate, some indications of the metamorphic series.

1883, T. G. Bonney, “On a Collection of Rock Specimens from the Island of Socotra”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, volume 174, page 273:

(mineralogy) A metamorphic rock from sandstone, consisting of interlocking grains of quartz.


hydro-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hydro-.wav

From Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).


asbestiform

THESE MATERIALS INCLUDE A BROAD RANGE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, SUCH AS HALOGENATED PESTICIDES AND POLYHALOGENATED BIPHENYLS, AND A VARIETY OF INORGANIC SUBSTANCES, INCLUDING ASBESTIFORMS AND HEAVY METALS, SUCH AS CADMIUM AND MERCURY.

1976, Great Lakes Water Quality Needs: A Report to the International Joint Commission, July 1976, page 50:

Vermont talc is of cosmetic grade which is low in free silica and asbestiforms.

1977, Scanning Electron Microscopy, page 616, column 2:

The amphibole asbestiforms present a more difficult problem.

1977, Ian M. Stewart, “Selected Thoughts on Asbestos Quantitation”, in I[rvin] M. Asher, P[hilip] P. McGrath, editors, Symposium on Electron Microscopy of Microfibers: Proceedings of the First FDA Office of Science Summer Symposium, section “SEM and TEM Analysis”, page 93, column 2:

(mineralogy) Any of asbestos-like forms of several minerals.


telluride

telluride (countable and uncountable, plural tellurides)

(uncountable, mineralogy, in particular) Sylvanite, silver gold telluride.


cryolite

cryolite (countable and uncountable, plural cryolites)

sodium aluminium fluoride
sodium aluminium fluoride

(mineralogy) The mineral sodium aluminium fluoride (Na₃AlF₆).


uran-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-uran-.wav


magnesite

magnesite (countable and uncountable, plural magnesites)

(mineralogy) A form of magnesium carbonate, MgCO₃, occurring as dolomite (with calcite) but rarely found in the pure state.

մագնեզիտ

a form of magnesium carbonate, O3, occurring as dolomite (with calcite) but rarely found in the pure state


cirkon

cirkonok (plural)
cirkon (nominative singular)
cirkonok (nominative plural)
cirkont (accusative singular)
cirkonokat (accusative plural)
cirkonnak (dative singular)
cirkonoknak (dative plural)
cirkonnal (instrumental singular)
cirkonokkal (instrumental plural)
cirkonért (causal-final singular)
cirkonokért (causal-final plural)
cirkonná (singular translative)
cirkonokká (plural translative)
cirkonig (singular terminative)
cirkonokig (plural terminative)
cirkonként (essive-formal singular)
cirkonokként (essive-formal plural)
cirkonban (inessive singular)
cirkonokban (inessive plural)
cirkonon (singular superessive)
cirkonokon (plural superessive)
cirkonnál (adessive singular)
cirkonoknál (adessive plural)
cirkonba (illative singular)
cirkonokba (illative plural)
cirkonra (singular sublative)
cirkonokra (plural sublative)
cirkonhoz (allative singular)
cirkonokhoz (allative plural)
cirkonból (elative singular)
cirkonokból (elative plural)
cirkonról (delative singular)
cirkonokról (delative plural)
cirkontól (ablative singular)
cirkonoktól (ablative plural)
cirkoné (singular)
cirkonoké (plural)
cirkonéi (singular)
cirkonokéi (plural)
cirkonom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
cirkonjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
cirkonod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
cirkonjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
cirkonja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
cirkonjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
cirkonunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
cirkonjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
cirkonotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
cirkonjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
cirkonjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
cirkonjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From German Zirkon and from French zircon.


cirkon

cìrkōn (canonical masculine)
цѝрко̄н (Cyrillic)
cìrkōn (nominative singular)
cirkóna (genitive singular)
cirkónu (dative singular)
cìrkōn (accusative singular)
cȉrkōne (singular vocative)
cirkónu (locative singular)
cirkónom (instrumental singular)


chlorite

chlorite (countable and uncountable, plural chlorites)

/ˈklɔːˌɹʌɪt/

/ˈklɔːˌɹaɪt/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chlorite.wav

From Ancient Greek χλωρῖτις (khlōrîtis).

They have been heated enough to impart a delicate blue-green hue, which is because of the abundance of the ‘low-grade’ metamorphic mineral, chlorite.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 177:

(mineralogy) A dark green mineral resembling serpentine, being a mixed silicate of magnesium, iron and aluminium.


gahnite

gahnite (countable and uncountable, plural gahnites)

Named after Swedish chemist Johan Gottlieb Gahn (1745-1818) in 1807.

(mineralogy) A rare mineral ZnAl₂O₄ in the spinel group.


meagre

en-adj

meagre (comparative meagrer, superlative meagrest)

meagrer (comparative)
meagrest (superlative)

Jamaican Creole: mawga

From Middle English megre, borrowed from Anglo-Norman megre, Old French maigre, from Latin macer, macrum, from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós. Cognate with Old English mæġer (“meagre, lean”), Dutch mager (“lean”), German mager (“lean”), Icelandic magur (“lean”).


-ite

Borrowed from Latin -ītēs, from Ancient Greek -ίτης (-ítēs).

pyro- (“pyro-”) + -ite → pyrite (“pyrite”)


mangano-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mangano-.wav


tourmaline

en-noun

tourmaline (countable and uncountable, plural tourmalines)

From French tourmaline, ultimately from Sinhalese තෝරමල්ලී (tōramallī, “carnelian”)

der

The floor of the chamber was tesselated, of marble and green tourmaline, and on every square of tourmaline was carven the image of a fish: as the dolphin, the conger, the cat-fish, the salmon, the tunny, the squid, and other wonders of the deep.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 3:

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 13, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(mineralogy) A complex black or dark-coloured borosilicate mineral, compounded with various chemical elements and considered a semi-precious stone.


exfoliate

en-verb

exfoliate (third-person singular simple present exfoliates, present participle exfoliating, simple past and past participle exfoliated)

exfoliates (present singular third-person)
exfoliating (participle present)
exfoliated (participle past)
exfoliated (past)

From Late Latin exfoliō (“I strip of leaves”), from ex- (“out of”) + folium (“leaf”); compare effoliate and French exfolier.

bor

(mineralogy) To split into scales, especially to become converted into scales as the result of heat or decomposition.


glimmer

is-noun

glimmer n (genitive singular glimmers, no plural)

glimmers (genitive singular)
glimmer (indefinite nominative singular)
glimmerið (definite nominative singular)
glimmer (accusative indefinite singular)
glimmerið (accusative definite singular)
glimmer (dative indefinite singular)
glimmeri (dative indefinite singular)
glimmerinu (dative definite singular)
glimmers (genitive indefinite singular)
glimmersins (definite genitive singular)

Borrowed from Danish glimmer, from glimre (“to glimmer”). Cognate with glimrandi (“splendid”), which is also from Danish. False friend with English glimmer.


glimmer

glimmer (indefinite nominative singular)
glimmers (genitive indefinite singular)
glimmern (definite nominative singular)
glimmerns (definite genitive singular)


pyroxene

From French pyroxène, from pyro- + Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “stranger”).

By the pathside, there are occasional large boulders that shown black crystals the size of a fingernail; these are pyroxene minerals that had time to crystallise out deep within the chamber of liquid rock – or magma – beneath the volcano.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 10:

(mineralogy) Any of a group of crystalline minerals containing silicates of iron, magnesium and calcium.


pollucite

From Pollux + ite, named after Pollux, the twin of Castor, as it is often found associated with castorite (now petalite).

(mineralogy) A colorless transparent mineral of the zeolite family consisting of hydrous cesium aluminum silicate and occurring massive or crystallizing in cubes.


zaratite

Spanish zaratita, from Señor Zarate, 19th century Spaniard + Spanish -ita -ite

(mineralogy) a hydrous basic nickel carbonate occurring in emerald-green incrustations or compact masses


obsidian

en-noun

obsidian (usually uncountable, plural obsidians)

From Latin obsidianus; named after Obsidius, who was, according to Pliny, the Roman who discovered the stone in Aethiopia.

The Neolithic culture from 8000 to 6000 B.C., however, was a brilliant period of the revival of crafts, the transformation of gathering into gardening, the growth of a cross-cultural obsidian trade, and the rise of towns.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 130:

(mineralogy) A type of naturally occurring black glass produced by volcanoes.

lawaglas

a type of black glass produced by volcanoes


magnesian

en-adj

magnesian (comparative more magnesian, superlative most magnesian)

more magnesian (comparative)
most magnesian (superlative)


glis

la-noun

glis f (genitive glitis); third declension

glitis (genitive)
glis (nominative singular)
glitēs (nominative plural)
glitis (genitive singular)
glitum (genitive plural)
glitī (dative singular)
glitibus (dative plural)
glitem (accusative singular)
glitēs (accusative plural)
glite (ablative singular)
glitibus (ablative plural)
glis (singular vocative)
glitēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to stick; to spread, to smear”). See also Latin glūten and glutus.


quartz-diorite

(mineralogy) Any form of diorite containing appreciable amounts of quartz.


anatase

en-noun

anatase (countable and uncountable, plural anatases)

From French anatase, from Ancient Greek ἀνάτασις (anátasis, “extending, extension”), named for the length of its crystals.

der

(mineralogy) A blue or brown mineral, a form of titanium dioxide, used as a pigment.


anatase

(mineralogy) anatase (form of titanium dioxide used as a pigment)


שוהם

he-noun

שוהם / שֹׁהַם • (shóham) m [pattern: קֹטֶל]

שֹׁהַם (canonical)
shóham (romanization)

Probably borrowed from a form like *šuwahbu(m) meaning ‘the thing forced to be given’ = tribute from an Old South Arabian language spoken in Havilah. This would be an š-causative noun from the common Semitic root w-h-b ‘to give’ (see Sabaic 𐩥𐩠𐩨 whb "to give", Qatabanic 𐩥𐩠𐩨 whb "to give, grant").

(mineralogy) onyx (a banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz)


kaolinite

en-noun

kaolinite (countable and uncountable, plural kaolinites)

From kaolin + -ite (see kaolin for more).

(mineralogy) A common hydrous aluminosilicate mineral found in sediments, soils and sedimentary rocks, Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄; one of the kaolin group of minerals.