freo

frēo (canonical)
frēo (masculine nominative singular)
frēo (feminine nominative singular)
frēo (neuter nominative singular)
frēone (accusative masculine singular)
frēo (accusative feminine singular)
frēo (accusative neuter singular)
frēos (genitive masculine singular)
frēore (feminine genitive singular)
frēos (genitive neuter singular)
frēom (dative masculine singular)
frēoum (dative masculine singular)
frēore (dative feminine singular)
frēom (dative neuter singular)
frēoum (dative neuter singular)
frēo (instrumental masculine singular)
frēore (feminine instrumental singular)
frēo (instrumental neuter singular)
frēo (masculine nominative plural)
frēo (feminine nominative plural)
frēo (neuter nominative plural)
frēo (accusative masculine plural)
frēo (accusative feminine plural)
frēo (accusative neuter plural)
frēora (genitive masculine plural)
frēora (feminine genitive plural)
frēora (genitive neuter plural)
frēom (dative masculine plural)
frēoum (dative masculine plural)
frēom (dative feminine plural)
frēoum (dative feminine plural)
frēom (dative neuter plural)
frēoum (dative neuter plural)
frēom (instrumental masculine plural)
frēoum (instrumental masculine plural)
frēom (feminine instrumental plural)
frēoum (feminine instrumental plural)
frēom (instrumental neuter plural)
frēoum (instrumental neuter plural)
frēo (masculine nominative singular)
frēo (feminine nominative singular)
frēo (neuter nominative singular)
frēon (accusative masculine singular)
frēon (accusative feminine singular)
frēo (accusative neuter singular)
frēon (genitive masculine singular)
frēon (feminine genitive singular)
frēon (genitive neuter singular)
frēon (dative masculine singular)
frēon (dative feminine singular)
frēon (dative neuter singular)
frēon (instrumental masculine singular)
frēon (feminine instrumental singular)
frēon (instrumental neuter singular)
frēon (masculine nominative plural)
frēon (feminine nominative plural)
frēon (neuter nominative plural)
frēon (accusative masculine plural)
frēon (accusative feminine plural)
frēon (accusative neuter plural)
frēora (genitive masculine plural)
frēona (genitive masculine plural)
frēora (feminine genitive plural)
frēona (feminine genitive plural)
frēora (genitive neuter plural)
frēona (genitive neuter plural)
frēom (dative masculine plural)
frēoum (dative masculine plural)
frēom (dative feminine plural)
frēoum (dative feminine plural)
frēom (dative neuter plural)
frēoum (dative neuter plural)
frēom (instrumental masculine plural)
frēoum (instrumental masculine plural)
frēom (feminine instrumental plural)
frēoum (feminine instrumental plural)
frēom (instrumental neuter plural)
frēoum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: fre, vri, vry

English: free

→ Fiji Hindi: firii

Scots: fre

From Proto-West Germanic *friu, a byform of *frī. The transmission of this word was complex. The Proto-Germanic form must have been *frijwaz. After loss of final *-az and syllabification of *-w, the resulting West-Germanic form was *friju, which developed further to *frīju after gemination and vocalization of *j between *i and another *j. The sequence *iju, *īju then contracts to *iu, yielding a final form *friu (cf. Proto-West Germanic *friund, from *frijōndz), which develops normally to Old English frīo, frēo. The oblique forms should however have retained *-j- in all instances in which it was not followed by *u, yielding an alternation between frīo and frīġ- throughout the paradigm. This alternation, though sparsely attested in the Old English corpus, was too irregular to have been maintained for long and was eventually levelled away in all dialects in favor either of the diphthongal nominative or the oblique forms in -ġ-. Note also that *w was deleted between *īj and any front vowel, thus explaining its absence in certain oblique forms such as frīġes, from earlier /ˈfriːj.wæs/. See Hogg 1992 sections 3.17, 3.19(3), 4.7, and 4.9(1) for details.

c. 700 Cædmon, Metrical Paraphrase
Ða wearþ worn afeded freora bearna

then a number of noble children were brought forth.


ฟอง

th-noun

ฟอง • (fɔɔng)

Compare Lao ຟອງ (fǭng), Khmer ពង (pɔɔng, “egg; to lay egg”), Northern Khmer ปวง, Nyah Kur พอง่.


ฟอง

th-verb

ฟอง • (fɔɔng)

(poetic) to be impetuous; to be impudent; to be arrogant.


exsilium

la-noun

exsilium n (genitive exsiliī or exsilī); second declension

exsiliī (genitive)
exsilī (genitive)
exsilium (nominative singular)
exsilia (nominative plural)
exsiliī (genitive singular)
exsilī (genitive singular)
exsiliōrum (genitive plural)
exsiliō (dative singular)
exsiliīs (dative plural)
exsilium (accusative singular)
exsilia (accusative plural)
exsiliō (ablative singular)
exsiliīs (ablative plural)
exsilium (singular vocative)
exsilia (plural vocative)

Asturian: exiliu

Aromanian: shilji

Catalan: exili

English: exile

French: exil

Galician: exilio

German: Exil

Italian: esilio

Occitan: exili

Old French: essil

Old Galician-Portuguese: eixillo

Piedmontese: esili

Portuguese: exílio

Romanian: exil

Spanish: exilio

[ɛkˈs̠ɪlʲiʊ̃ˑ]


zephyr

en-verb

zephyr (third-person singular simple present zephyrs, present participle zephyring, simple past and past participle zephyred)

zephyrs (present singular third-person)
zephyring (participle present)
zephyred (participle past)
zephyred (past)

From Latin zephyrus (“west wind”), from Ancient Greek Ζέφυρος (Zéphuros). Doublet of zefir, zéphire, Zephyr, and Zephyrus. The confectionery sense is a semantic loan from Russian зефи́р (zefír).

sl

There was a time
When the soft zephyring spring came joyfully,
Like a young bride, with bloom upon her cheek

1879, Robert Stephen Hawker, “An Inscription for an Aged Oak”, in The Poetical Works, London: The Bodley Head, page 171

There was a sudden scrambling and thumping overhead and hot exclamations zephyred down to them.

1908, Clarence E. Mulford, chapter 4, in The Coming of Hopalong Cassidy, New York: Grosset & Dunlap, page 60

(intransitive, poetic) To blow or move like a zephyr, or light breeze.

1849, letter from Leonidas Lent Hamline dated 15 December, 1849, in Walter Clark Palmer, Life and Letters of Leonidas L. Hamline, D.D., New York: Carlton & Porter, 1866, Chapter 15, p. 361,
He was a fragrant poison, a zephyred pestilence spread through all the city.

1914, Leonard Lanson Cline, untitled sonnet in Poems, Boston: The Poet Lore Company, p. 76,
Ah, but the skies are joyous in the spring,
From dawn to dusk exuberantly blue;
White-tufted oftentimes with clouds that do
But wanton in heaven’s zephyred merrying!

1914, Juliane Paulsen (pseudonym of Juliane Grace Hansen), “Poppy Fantasy” in And Then Came Spring, Boston: The Gorham Press, p. 49,
Oh, graciously she led my soul within
Where ever and forever went a wind
In zephyred streams of poppies coursing sweet
About the place, and waves of poppy heat
About us there.

(transitive, poetic) To blow or blow on gently like a zephyr; to cool or refresh with a gentle breeze.


dome

Borrowed from Middle French dome, domme (modern French dôme), from Italian duomo, from Latin domus (ecclesiae) (literally “house (of the church)”), a calque of Ancient Greek οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας (oîkos tês ekklēsías). Doublet of domus and duomo.

cal

οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας

pleasure dome

Approach the dome, the social banquet share.

(obsolete, poetic) A building; a house; an edifice.


helm

From Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”) [and other forms], from Old English helm (“helmet”), from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of heaume and related to helmet.
cognates
* Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)
* Old Frisian helm (West Frisian helm)
* Old High German helm (Middle High German helm, modern German Helm; Italian elmo; Old French helme, modern French heaume; Spanish yelmo)
* Old Norse hjalmr (Danish hjelm, Norwegian hjelm, Swedish hjelm)
* Old Saxon helm (Low German Helm, Middle Dutch helm, modern Dutch helm)

inh

"A fearful apparition," murmured Norman of Torn. "No wonder he keeps his helm closed."

1914 January–May, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter VII, in The Outlaw of Torn, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg, published 1927, →OCLC; republished as The Outlaw of Torn (Project Gutenberg; EBook #369), 11 November 2020


helm

en-verb

helm (third-person singular simple present helms, present participle helming, simple past and past participle helmed)

helms (present singular third-person)
helming (participle present)
helmed (participle past)
helmed (past)

From Middle English helmen, helmi (“to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect”), from Old English helmian (“to cover”), ġehelmian (“to cover with a helmet; to crown”), from (ġe- (prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results) +) helm (“helmet”) (see further at etymology 2) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).

(transitive, archaic or poetic) To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet.

suojata kypärällä

to cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet — see also helmet


verecund

en-adj

verecund (comparative more verecund, superlative most verecund)

more verecund (comparative)
most verecund (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Latin verēcundus (“shy, modest”).


pregnant

en-adj

pregnant (comparative more pregnant, superlative most pregnant)

more pregnant (comparative)
most pregnant (superlative)

From Middle English preignant, from Old French preignant, pregnant, also prenant (compare archaic Modern French prégnant), and their source, Latin praegnāns (“pregnant”), probably from prae- (“pre-”) + *gnāscī, an archaic form of nāscī (“to be born”). Displaced Old English bearnēacen (literally "child-enlarged").

swanger

carrying developing offspring within the body

(poetic) Fecund], [[fertile], prolific (usually of soil, ground, etc.).


Cupid

From Latin Cupīdō, personification of cupīdō (“desire, desire of love”), from cupidus (“eager, greedy, passionate”), from cupere (“to desire”).

He was just walking down the street minding his own business when Cupid struck.

(poetic) Sudden love or desire; the personification of falling in love.


rôle

We have referred to the Bull many times, both in his astronomical aspect as pioneer of the Spring-Sun, and in his more direct rôle as plougher of the fields[.]

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., page 81

Finally the Negro had played a peculiar spiritual rôle in America as a sort of living, breathing test of our ideals and an example of the faith, hope and tolerance of our religion.

1924, W. E. B. DuBois, The Gift of Black Folk: The Negroes in the Making of America, The Stratford Co.: The Stratford Co., page iv

1955, Graham J. Brealey, Michael Kasha, “The Rôle of Hydrogen Bonding in the n → π* Blue-shift Phenomenon”, in Journal of the American Chemical Society, volume 77, issue 17, 4462-4468:

2006, Ricardo Bermúdez-Otero, Phonological change in Optimality Theory, in Keith Brown (ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics [2nd edn., vol. 9], 497–505. Oxford: Elsevier.
Thus, diachronic reductionists follow Ohala in emphasizing the rôle of the parser in phonologization and downplaying the contribution of higher principles of grammatical organization.

As the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee celebrations wind down, it may be well to reflect on an aspect of public choice theory which supports constitutional monarchy — principally its rôle as a brake upon self-aggrandising politicians.

2012, Stephen MacLean, A cheer for constitutional monarchy's restraint on government, Adam Smith Institute

2016, Pavel Iosad, Rule scattering and vowel length in Northern Romance, in Papers in Historical Phonology, volume 1, 218–237. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh.
Nevertheless, it can be argued that Loporcaro's (2015) rejection of any rôle for phonological computation in establishing the observed distribution of vowel length in Northern Romance goes too far in the other direction.


collide

en-verb

collide (third-person singular simple present collides, present participle colliding, simple past and past participle collided)

collides (present singular third-person)
colliding (participle present)
collided (participle past)
collided (past)

From Latin collidere (“to strike or clash together”), from com- (“together”) + laedere (“to strike, dash against, hurt”); see lesion.

der

Out of the doubts that fill my mind / I somehow find, you and I collide

2004, “Collide”, in Stop All the World Now, performed by Howie Day

I knew when we collided / you're the one I have decided who's one of my kind

2009, “Hey, Soul Sister”, in Save Me, San Francisco, performed by Train

(poetic, intransitive) To meet; to come into contact.


Selene

From the Ancient Greek Σελήνη (Selḗnē, proper noun), from σέλας (sélas, “light”).


dorare

it-verb

doràre (first-person singular present dòro, first-person singular past historic dorài, past participle doràto, auxiliary avére)

doràre (canonical)
dòro (first-person present singular)
dorài (first-person historic past singular)
doràto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
doràre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
doràndo (gerund)
dorànte (participle present)
doràto (participle past)
dòro (first-person indicative present singular)
dòri (indicative present second-person singular)
dòra (indicative present singular third-person)
doriàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
doràte (indicative plural present second-person)
dòrano (indicative plural present third-person)
doràvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
doràvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
doràva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
doravàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
doravàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
doràvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dorài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
doràsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
dorò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
doràmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
doràste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
doràrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
dorerò (first-person future indicative singular)
dorerài (future indicative second-person singular)
dorerà (future indicative singular third-person)
dorerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
doreréte (future indicative plural second-person)
dorerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
dorerèi (conditional first-person present singular)
dorerésti (conditional present second-person singular)
dorerèbbe (conditional present singular third-person)
dorerébbe (conditional present singular third-person)
dorerémmo (conditional first-person plural present)
doreréste (conditional plural present second-person)
dorerèbbero (conditional plural present third-person)
dorerébbero (conditional plural present third-person)
dòri (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dòri (present second-person singular subjunctive)
dòri (present singular subjunctive third-person)
doriàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
doriàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dòrino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
doràssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
doràssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
doràsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
doràssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
doràste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
doràssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dòra (imperative second-person singular)
dòri (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
doriàmo (first-person imperative plural)
doràte (imperative plural second-person)
dòrino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
doràre (imperative negative second-person singular)
dòri (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
doriàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
doràte (imperative negative plural second-person)
dòrino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

From Late Latin deaurāre, from Latin aurāre.


proposition

en-noun

proposition (countable and uncountable, plural propositions)

/ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/

From Middle English proposicioun, from Old French proposicion, from Latin prōpositiō, from the verb prōponō.

väite

math: assertion which can be considered true or false

(poetic) The part of a poem in which the author states the subject or matter of it.


Albion

Albion
Albion (disambiguation)
white cliffs of Dover

Ancient Gallo-Latin name for Britain, Albiōn (Middle Welsh Albbu, Old Irish Albu), is from Proto-Celtic *Albiū, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *albʰós (“white”), whence also Latin albus (“white”) and Ancient Greek ἀλφός (alphós, “whiteness, white leprosy”). The primary meaning of the Common Celtic word is "upper world" (as opposed to underworld), with semasiological development similar to e.g. Russian свет (svet, “world; light”).
It is often hypothesised that the Romans took it as connected with albus (“white”), in reference to the white cliffs of Dover.

(now poetic) Great Britain (or sometimes just England or the British Isles).


Albion

« Attaquons dans ses eaux la perfide Albion. »

1793, Augustin Louis de Ximénès, L'Ère des Français

"Let us attack perfidious Albion in her waters."

« Et la guerre ? Et les forfanteries de la perfide Albion tournant en eau de boudin ? Farce ! Farce ! »

"What about war? And what about the conceitedness of the perfidious Albion petering out? What a joke! What a joke!

« Perfide Albion je te maudis / Depuis le jour où tu m’as séduit / Je pense à toi en plein Paris / C’est malgré moi j’ai le mal de ton pays

1982, Yves Martin, Perfide Albion, Saban Records

"Damn you, Perfidious Albion / Since the day you seduced me / I think about you in the middle of Paris / It is in spite of myself that I am homesick for you"


Albion

Albion (nominative singular)
Albionu (genitive singular)
Albionowi (dative singular)
Albion (accusative singular)
Albionem (instrumental singular)
Albionie (locative singular)
Albionie (singular vocative)

mglisty Albion

(poetic) Albion (England (or sometimes the British Isles))


moonglade

Moonglade and sunglade on ocean or lake have a haunting and suggestive beauty. The reflected lane of light supplies what the mind craves in a picture—a path that seems to lead to some place of unknown and longed-for happiness […]

Heaven was full of silent stars, and there was a moonglade on the water that stretched almost from him to Rose.

1921, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Efficiency Expert

The sea shimmered there, and turned, at last, into a moonglade, through which she glided handsomely.

1945, Edmund Gilligan, Voyage of the Golden Hind

a double moonglade on the Auroral Ocean

(poetic, rare) The bright reflection of moonlight on a body of water.


plain

From Anglo-Norman plainer, pleiner, variant of Anglo-Norman and Old French pleindre, plaindre, from Latin plangere, present active infinitive of plangō.

The warrior-threat, the infant's plain,
The mother's screams, were heard in vain;

1815, Sir Walter Scott, The Lady of the Isles, Canto IV, part IX


plain

en-verb

plain (third-person singular simple present plains, present participle plaining, simple past and past participle plained)

plains (present singular third-person)
plaining (participle present)
plained (participle past)
plained (past)

to plain a loss

Then came I crying, and to-day, / With heavier cause to plain, / Depart I into death away, / Not to be born again.

1936, Alfred Edward Housman, More Poems, "XXV", lines 5–9

(transitive, intransitive, now rare, poetic) To lament, bewail.


motor

→ Persian: موتر (môtar)

→ Japanese: モーター (mōtā)

→ Burmese: မော်တော် (mautau)

→ Hausa: mōtā̀

→ Nupe: mátò

→ Yoruba: mọ́tò

→ Shanghainese: 馬達／马达 (mo⁶-da⁶)

→ Chinese: 馬達／马达 (mǎ dá)

→ Tibetan: མོ་ཊ (mo ṭa)

From Middle English motour (“controller, prime mover; God”), from Latin mōtor (“mover; that which moves something”), from mōtō (“I set in motion”).

der

(Christianity, archaic, poetic) The controller or prime mover of the universe; God.


ora

From Latin aura, from αὔρα (aúra, “breeze, soft wind”). Doublet of the borrowing aura.


taa

taka- (nominative singular)
takaa (partitive singular)
taas (lative singular)
taa (lative singular)
takaisin (distributive temporal)
taitse (prolative singular)
takana (essive singular)
taakse (singular translative)

Se laskeutui metsän taa.


utter

From Middle English utter, from out (adjective) and Old English ūtera, comparative of ūt (“out”). Compare outer.

(now poetic, literary) Outer; furthest out, most remote.


Reynard

/ˈɹɛnɑː(ɹ)d/

From Old French Renart (Modern renard (“fox”)), influenced by Middle Dutch Reynaerd, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *Raginaharduz, from *raginą (“decision, advice, counsel”) + *harduz (“hard, strong”). Compare German Reinhard, Old High German Reginhart (“strong in counsel”).

cog

Reynard, in his thieving rambles, one night the summer before last visited the pleasure-gardens in Cornbury Park, and there he found and carried off a hen pheasant while sitting on her nest. The same evening a barn-door hen, with a nide of pheasants also disappeared.

1852 May, “Latitat” [pseudonym], “Anecdotes of Foxes”, in The Sportsman, London: Rogerson & Tuxford, →OCLC, page 347

(literary, poetic) A name in European folklore for the red fox.


mil

→ Kadiwéu: miili

From Old Galician-Portuguese mil, from Latin mīlle, from Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”).

inh

(somewhat poetic) thousands of (very many)


viro

From Latin virum (“man”), from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós.


census

la-noun

cēnsus m (genitive cēnsūs); fourth declension

cēnsus (canonical masculine)
cēnsūs (genitive)
cēnsus (nominative singular)
cēnsūs (nominative plural)
cēnsūs (genitive singular)
cēnsuum (genitive plural)
cēnsuī (dative singular)
cēnsibus (dative plural)
cēnsum (accusative singular)
cēnsūs (accusative plural)
cēnsū (ablative singular)
cēnsibus (ablative plural)
cēnsus (singular vocative)
cēnsūs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: censu

→ Catalan: cens

→ Dutch: census

→ English: census

→ Old French: cens

French: cens
→ Romanian: cens

→ Middle Dutch: cijns

Dutch: cijns

→ German: Zensus

→ Galician: censo

→ Old High German: zins

Middle High German: zins

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: zis

Mòcheno: tschins

German: Zins

Hunsrik: Zins

→ Polish: czynsz

desctree

→ Old Irish: cís
Irish: cíos
Manx: keesh
Scottish Gaelic: cìs

→ Italian: censo

→ Lithuanian: cenzas

→ Portuguese: censo

→ Russian: ценз (cenz)

→ Serbo-Croatian: cenzus / цензус

→ Spanish: censo

→ Swahili: sensa

→ Yiddish: צענזוס (tsenzus)


este

este (nominative singular)
estét (accusative singular)
estének (dative singular)
estével (instrumental singular)
estéért (causal-final singular)
estévé (singular translative)
estéig (singular terminative)
esteként (essive-formal singular)
estében (inessive singular)
estén (singular superessive)
esténél (adessive singular)
estébe (illative singular)
estére (singular sublative)
estéhez (allative singular)
estéből (elative singular)
estéről (delative singular)
estétől (ablative singular)
estéé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
estééi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
estem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
ested (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
este (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
estünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
estetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
estük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)

The adverb sense is from the former est (“evening”) + -vel (“with”) (a derivation similar to reggel or tavasszal). First the final -l wore off and the adverb estve (“in the evening”) was used for a long time (still in use today in dialects), later the -v was dropped. The noun sense became independent from the compound word napeste (“sunset”, literally “the fall of the sun”). The noun est is from the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) + -t (noun-forming suffix). The es- stem is from Proto-Uralic *ećɜ- (“to fall”).

affix

(poetic) the downfall (of someone or something)


villa

→ Polish: willa

→ Turkish: villa

Nè credo che sia cosa in tutto ’l mondo,Villa, paese dimestico o strano,Che non paresse dentro da quel tondo.
[Né credo […]]

1342–1360, Giovanni Boccaccio, “Come l'autore vede dipinto nella bella sala la gloria del mondo in atto d'una donna [The author sees in the beautiful hall a depiction of the world's glory in the gesture of a woman]” (chapter 6), in Amorosa visione [Love vision]; republished, Florence: Ig[nazio] Moutier, 1833, page 27

Nor I think there were a thing in the whole world, be it a city or a country, familiar or foreign, that didn't seem to be inside that circle.

nel tempo ch’a Silvestro dar voleaCostantino a guardar quella gran villa;villa dirò, ch’allor villa divennela cittá che del mondo il scettro tenne.
[[…] la città che del mondo il scettro tenne.]

1493–1527, Ludovico Ariosto, [untitled work], stanza 5; republished as “Frammento I [Fragment I]”, in Giuseppe Fatini, editor, Ludovico Ariosto - Lirica), Bari: Gius[eppe] Laterza & figli, 1924

in the time when Constantine wanted to give that town to Sylvester to guard. I will say town, because the city that had held the scepter of the world then became a town.


rir

pt-verb

rir (first-person singular present rio, first-person singular preterite ri, past participle rido)

rio (first-person present singular)
ri (first-person preterite singular)
rido (participle past)
rir (impersonal infinitive)
rir (first-person infinitive singular)
rires (infinitive second-person singular)
rir (infinitive singular third-person)
rirmos (first-person infinitive plural)
rirdes (infinitive plural second-person)
rirem (infinitive plural third-person)
rindo (gerund)
rido (masculine participle past singular)
ridos (masculine participle past plural)
rida (feminine participle past singular)
ridas (feminine participle past plural)
rio (first-person indicative present singular)
ris (indicative present second-person singular)
ri (indicative present singular third-person)
rimos (first-person indicative plural present)
rides (indicative plural present second-person)
riem (indicative plural present third-person)
ria (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rias (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ria (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ríamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ríeis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
riam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ri (first-person indicative preterite singular)
riste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
riu (indicative preterite singular third-person)
rimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
ristes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
riram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
rira (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
riras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
rira (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ríramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ríreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
riram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
rirei (first-person future indicative singular)
rirás (future indicative second-person singular)
rirá (future indicative singular third-person)
riremos (first-person future indicative plural)
rireis (future indicative plural second-person)
rirão (future indicative plural third-person)
riria (conditional first-person singular)
ririas (conditional second-person singular)
riria (conditional singular third-person)
riríamos (conditional first-person plural)
riríeis (conditional plural second-person)
ririam (conditional plural third-person)
ria (first-person present singular subjunctive)
rias (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ria (present singular subjunctive third-person)
riamos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
riais (plural present second-person subjunctive)
riam (plural present subjunctive third-person)
risse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
risses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
risse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ríssemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rísseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rissem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rir (first-person future singular subjunctive)
rires (future second-person singular subjunctive)
rir (future singular subjunctive third-person)
rirmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
rirdes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
rirem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
ri (imperative second-person singular)
ria (imperative singular third-person)
riamos (first-person imperative plural)
ride (imperative plural second-person)
riam (imperative plural third-person)
não rias (imperative negative second-person singular)
não ria (imperative negative singular third-person)
não riamos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não riais (imperative negative plural second-person)
não riam (imperative negative plural third-person)

From Old Galician-Portuguese riir, from Vulgar Latin *rīdīre, from Latin rīdēre.

O dia ri.

(intransitive, poetic) to laugh (to be or appear mirthful)


instant

From French instant and Middle English instant, both from Old French, from Latin instans (“standing by, being near, present, also urgent, importunate”), present participle of instō (“to stand upon, press upon, urge, pursue, insist”), from in (“on, upon”) + stō (“to stand”); see state.

der

He left the room for his relinquished sword, / And Julia instant to the closet flew.


ides

ides (nominative singular)
idesa (nominative plural)
idese (nominative plural)
idese (accusative singular)
idesa (accusative plural)
idese (accusative plural)
idese (genitive singular)
idesa (genitive plural)
idese (dative singular)
idesum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *idisi, from Proto-Germanic *idisiz (“woman”), potentially from Proto-Indo-European *h₂idʰ-és- (“fire, flame, burning”). Cognate with Old Saxon idis and Old High German itis. According to Jacob Grimm it is also cognate with Old Norse dís ("goddess"), but this is heavily debated.


woof

The noun is derived from Middle English wof, oof, owf (“threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web”) [and other forms] (the forms beginning with w were influenced by warp and weft), from Old English ōwef, āwef, from ō-, ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’) + *wef (“web”) (only attested in the form gewef (“woof”); from wefan (“to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *weban (“to weave”), from Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid; to weave”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

(by extension, loosely, chiefly poetic) The thread or yarn used to form the weft of woven fabric; the fill, the weft.


isthmus

la-noun

isthmus m (genitive isthmī); second declension

isthmī (genitive)
isthmus (nominative singular)
isthmī (nominative plural)
isthmī (genitive singular)
isthmōrum (genitive plural)
isthmō (dative singular)
isthmīs (dative plural)
isthmum (accusative singular)
isthmōs (accusative plural)
isthmō (ablative singular)
isthmīs (ablative plural)
isthme (singular vocative)
isthmī (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: ismu

→ Catalan: istme

→ Dutch: istmus

→ English: isthmus

→ Esperanto: istmo

Ido: istmo

→ French: isthme

→ Romanian: istm

→ Galician: istmo

→ German: Isthmus

→ Italian: istmo

→ Portuguese: istmo

→ Spanish: istmo

→ Basque: istmo

[ˈɪs̠t̪ʰmʊs̠]

Borrowing from Ancient Greek ῐ̓σθμός (isthmós, “neck, narrow passage”), possibly from εἶμῐ (eîmi, “to go”).

bor

a strip of land between two seas; an isthmus


ardeo

la-verb

ārdeō (present infinitive ārdēre, perfect active ārsī, supine ārsum); second conjugation

ārdeō (canonical)
ārdēre (infinitive present)
ārsī (active perfect)
ārsum (supine)
ārdeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
ārdēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
ārdet (active indicative present singular third-person)
ārdēmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
ārdētis (active indicative plural present second-person)
ārdent (active indicative plural present third-person)
ārdēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ārdēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ārdēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ārdēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ārdēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ārdēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ārdēbō (active first-person future indicative singular)
ārdēbis (active future indicative second-person singular)
ārdēbit (active future indicative singular third-person)
ārdēbimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
ārdēbitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
ārdēbunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
ārsī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
ārsistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
ārsit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
ārsimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
ārsistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
ārsērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ārsēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ārseram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ārserās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ārserat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ārserāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ārserātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ārserant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
ārserō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
ārseris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
ārserit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
ārserimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
ārseritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
ārserint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
ārdeor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
ārdēris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ārdēre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ārdētur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
ārdēmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
ārdēminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
ārdentur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
ārdēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
ārdēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ārdēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ārdēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
ārdēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
ārdēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
ārdēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
ārdēbor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
ārdēberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ārdēbere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ārdēbitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
ārdēbimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
ārdēbiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
ārdēbuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
ārsus + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
ārdeam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ārdeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdeat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ārdeāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ārdeātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ārdeant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ārdērem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
ārdērēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdēret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ārdērēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
ārdērētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ārdērent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ārserim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
ārserīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ārserit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ārserīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
ārserītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ārserint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ārsissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
ārsissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ārsisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ārsissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
ārsissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ārsissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ārdear (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ārdeāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdeāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdeātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ārdeāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ārdeāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ārdeantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ārdērer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
ārdērēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdērēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ārdērētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ārdērēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
ārdērēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ārdērentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ārdē (active imperative present second-person singular)
ārdēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
ārdētō (active future imperative second-person singular)
ārdētō (active future imperative singular third-person)
ārdētōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
ārdentō (active future imperative plural third-person)
ārdēre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
ārdēminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
ārdētor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
ārdētor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
ārdentor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
ārdēre (active infinitive present)
ārsisse (active infinitive perfect)
ārsūrum esse (active future infinitive)
ārdērī (infinitive passive present)
ārsum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
ārsum īrī (future infinitive passive)
ārdēns (active participle present)
ārsūrus (active future participle)
ārsus (participle passive perfect)
ārdendus (future participle passive)
ārdendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
ārdendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
ārdendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
ārdendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
ārsum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
ārsū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Dalmatian:

ardar

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: ardoir, ardeir

Middle French: ardoir

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: arder

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: arder
Galician: arder
Portuguese: arder

Spanish: arder

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ardu

Megleno-Romanian: ardu

Romanian: arde

Istro-Romanian: årde

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ardere

Sicilian: àrdiri

North Italian:

Friulian: ardi

Romansch: arder

Venetian: àrdar

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: ardre

Old French: ardre

Middle French: ardre

French: ardre

→ English: arson

Old Occitan: ardre

Occitan: ardre

From ār(i)dus + -eō. Cf. audeō < avidus. For the supine ārsum compare also audeō : ausum and gaudeō : gavīsum, in which the i was retained.

Ut prīmum ālātīs tetigit māgālia plantīs,
Aenēān fundantem arcēs ac tēcta novantem
cōnspicit. Atque illī stēllātus iaspide fulvā
ēnsis erat, Tyriōque ārdēbat mūrice laena
dēmissa ex umerīs, dīvēs quae mūnera Dīdō

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.259–264

As soon as he reached the huts with winged heels,
Aeneas founding towers and making new houses
he watched. And his sword was
starred with yellow jasper, and a cloak glistened with Tyrian purple,
hung from his shoulder, all gifts which the rich Dido
had made, and had interwoven the web with thread of gold.

fēcerat, et tenuī tēlās discrēverat aurō.

[…] Tum lātē ferreus hastīs

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 11.601–602

Then, the iron plain
shivers far and wide with iron, and the fields glisten with raised weapons.

horret ager campīque armīs sublīmibus ārdent.

(poetic) to glisten with a feature, usually with a colour


anthem

en-verb

anthem (third-person singular simple present anthems, present participle antheming, simple past and past participle anthemed)

anthems (present singular third-person)
antheming (participle present)
anthemed (participle past)
anthemed (past)

From Middle English anteme, from Old English antefn, antefen and Old French antiene, anteine, anteivne, from Latin antiphōna, from Ancient Greek ἀντίφωνα (antíphōna), from ἀντί (antí, “over against”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice, sound”). Doublet of antiphon and ant'em.

(transitive, poetic) To celebrate with anthems.


flit

en-adj

flit (comparative more flit, superlative most flit)

more flit (comparative)
most flit (superlative)

From Middle English flitten, flytten, from Old Norse flytja (“to move”), from Proto-Germanic *flutjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to flow; run”). Cognate Icelandic flytja, Swedish flytta, Danish flytte, Norwegian flytte, Faroese flyta. Compare also Saterland Frisian flitskje (“to rush; run quickly”).


grande

la-adv

grandē (comparative grandius, superlative grandissimē)

grandē (canonical)
grandius (comparative)
grandissimē (superlative)


burd

From Middle English burde (“woman, lady, young lady”), possibly from Old English byrde (“of noble birth”) (compare Middle English bern (“young man”)), or alteration of Old English brȳd (“bride”). Origin of the English slang bird for a young woman.


wight

From Middle English wight, wiȝt, from Old English wiht (“thing, creature”), from Proto-West Germanic *wihti, from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz (“thing, creature”, literally “being”), from Proto-Indo-European *wekti- (“cause, sake, thing”), from *wekʷ- (“to say, tell”).
Cognate with Scots wicht (“creature, being, human”), Dutch wicht (“child, baby, girl”), German Low German Wicht (“girl; wight”), German Wicht (“wretch, wight, little creature, scoundrel”), Norwegian Bokmål vette (“underground creature, gnome”), Swedish vätte (“underground creature, gnome”), Icelandic vættur (“imp, elf”). Doublet of whit.

cog

But I saw a glow-worm near, / Who replied: ‘What wailing wight / Calls the watchman of the night?

1789, William Blake, A Dream, lines 14–16

Everything in their way was kicked out of place, the barrow-wight setting on with hideous eagerness; Grettir gave back before him for a long time, till at last it came to this, that he saw it would not do to hoard his strength any more; now neither spared the other, and they were brought to where the horse-bones were, and thereabout they wrestled long.

1869, William Morris, Eiríkr Magnússon, transl., Grettis Saga: The Story of Grettir the Strong, F. S. Ellis, page 49

(poetic) A ghost, deity or other supernatural entity.


brando

From Vulgar Latin *brandus, of Germanic origin.


och

From Old Swedish ock, ok, from Old Norse ok, unstressed variant of Proto-Germanic *auk (“also”). Cognate with Norwegian and Danish og, Dutch ook, German auch, and English eke. The unusual spelling with the digraph ch may have been to avoid confusion with the now dated ock (“too, also”).

Och det vart afton, och det vart morgon, den andra dagen.

And there was evening and there was morning, the second day.

(poetic) introduces a main clause which somehow is bound to a previous clause


umano

(poetic, usually in the plural) mankind, human race


plebe

Borrowed from Latin plēbem. Compare the inherited doublet pieve.

(figurative, poetic) multitude, mass (of people)

(figurative, poetic, rare) multitude, mass (of plants)


morrow

From Middle English morwe, morwen, from Old English morgen, from Proto-West Germanic *morgan, *morgin, from Proto-Germanic *murganaz, *murginaz; compare Dutch morgen and German Morgen.
Doublet of morgen and morn. Both morn and morrow continue earlier Middle English morwen (the former through early contraction, the latter through regular reduction of -en).

(archaic or poetic) The next or following day.


(poetic) Used to indicate that the suffix -ed is pronounced with a schwa: lookèd (IPA /ˈlʊkəd/); past-tense learned vs adjective learnèd. Often used for metrical reasons.


(chiefly poetic) Used to indicate omission of the a in la to form l'.

al la mond'' eterne militanta ĝi promesas sanktan harmonion.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(chiefly poetic) Used to indicate omission of the final -o of nominative singular nouns.


minstrel

The noun is derived from Middle English minstral, menestrel (“actor; juggler; mime; musician; singer; storyteller; (military) soldier playing a horn or trumpet as a signal”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman menestrel [and other forms] and Old French menestrel (“artisan; servant; itinerant musician or poet; worker”) [and other forms] (modern French ménestrel (“minstrel”)), from Late Latin ministerialis (“official or retainer owing household and military service to a feudal lord, a ministerial or ministerialis”), from Latin ministerium (“employment, ministration; office of a minister, ministry; action or attendance by an inferior person such as a slave, service”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives). Ministerium is derived from minister (“accomplice; agent; aide; attendant; servant; waiter”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“little, small”) + *-teros (contrastive or oppositional suffix forming adjectives)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). Doublet of ministerial and ministerialis.
The verb is derived from the noun.

nb...

menestral, menstrel, menstrelle, menstral, menstrale, menstrall, menstralle, menstrel, menstrell, menstrelle, minestral, minestrale, ministral, ministrele, minsterel, minstrale, minstrall, minstralle, minstrel, minstrelle, munstral, munstrel, munstrell, mynestral, mynistralle, mynsterel, mynstraell, mynstral, mynstrale, mynstrall, mynstralle, mynstrel, mynstrell, mynstrelle, mynystral, mynystrel, mynystrell

doublet

(chiefly poetic) Any lyric poet, musician, or singer.


flog

head

flog n (genitive singular flogs, nominative plural flog)

flogs (genitive singular)
flog (nominative plural)
flog (indefinite nominative singular)
flogið (definite nominative singular)
flog (indefinite nominative plural)
flogin (definite nominative plural)
flog (accusative indefinite singular)
flogið (accusative definite singular)
flog (accusative indefinite plural)
flogin (accusative definite plural)
flogi (dative indefinite singular)
floginu (dative definite singular)
flogum (dative indefinite plural)
flogunum (dative definite plural)
flogs (genitive indefinite singular)
flogsins (definite genitive singular)
floga (genitive indefinite plural)
floganna (definite genitive plural)

Doublet (showing a-mutation) of flug (“flight; cliff”), from Old Norse flog, flug (“flight; cliff; an illness of the head”), from Proto-Germanic *flugą.

(obsolete, poetic) flight (the act of flying)


furor

ca-noun

furor m or (archaic or poetic) f (plural furors)


Columbia

From Columbus + -ia, the Latinized name of the European explorer, Christopher Columbus.

(poetic) America; the United States; an appellation given in honor of Christopher Columbus.


gross

en-adj

gross (comparative grosser or more gross, superlative grossest or most gross)

grosser (comparative)
more gross (comparative)
grossest (superlative)
most gross (superlative)

From Middle English gross (“whole, entire; flagrant, monstrous”), from Old French gros (“big, thick, large, stout”), from Late Latin grossus (“thick in diameter, coarse”), and Medieval Latin grossus (“great, big”), influenced by Old High German grōz (“big, thick, coarse”), from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“large, great, thick, coarse grained, unrefined”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, to stroke, to grind”).
Cognate with French grossier (“gross”). See also French dialectal grôt, groût (“large”) (Berry) and grô (“large”) (Burgundy), Catalan gros (“big”), Dutch groot (“big, large”), German groß (“large”), English great.

der

A pestilent and most corrosive steam,
Like a gross fog Boeotian, rising fast,
And fast condensed upon the dewy sash,
Asks egress;

1785, William Cowper, The Task, London: J. Johnson, Book 3, p. 116

[…] a larger life
Upon his own impinging, with swift glimpse
Of spacious circles luminous with mind,
To which the ethereal substance of his own
Seems but gross cloud to make that visible,
Touched to a sudden glory round the edge.

1870, James Russell Lowell, The Cathedral, Boston: Fields, Osgood, page 34

(now chiefly poetic) Difficult or impossible to see through.


tener

la-adj

tener (feminine tenera, neuter tenerum, comparative tenerior, superlative tenerrimus, adverb tenerē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

tenera (feminine)
tenerum (neuter)
tenerior (comparative)
tenerrimus (superlative)
tenerē (adverb)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
tener (masculine nominative singular)
tenera (feminine nominative singular)
tenerum (neuter nominative singular)
tenerī (masculine nominative plural)
tenerae (feminine nominative plural)
tenera (neuter nominative plural)
tenerī (genitive masculine singular)
tenerae (feminine genitive singular)
tenerī (genitive neuter singular)
tenerōrum (genitive masculine plural)
tenerārum (feminine genitive plural)
tenerōrum (genitive neuter plural)
tenerō (dative masculine singular)
tenerae (dative feminine singular)
tenerō (dative neuter singular)
tenerīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tenerum (accusative masculine singular)
teneram (accusative feminine singular)
tenerum (accusative neuter singular)
tenerōs (accusative masculine plural)
tenerās (accusative feminine plural)
tenera (accusative neuter plural)
tenerō (ablative masculine singular)
tenerā (ablative feminine singular)
tenerō (ablative neuter singular)
tenerīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
tener (masculine singular vocative)
tenera (feminine singular vocative)
tenerum (neuter singular vocative)
tenerī (masculine plural vocative)
tenerae (feminine plural vocative)
tenera (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: tinir, tiniru, tinãr

Istro-Romanian: tiner

Megleno-Romanian: tinir

Romanian: tânăr

Italo-Romance:

Italian: tenero

Sicilian: tènniru, tènnuru

Padanian:

Friulian: tenar

Ligurian: tégno, ténio

Lombard: tender, tendro

Piedmontese: tënner, tenre, tenr

Romansch: tener, tegnair

Venetian: tènaro, tèndro, tènero

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: tendre

French: tendre

→ Middle English: tender

English: tender

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: tendre

Occitan: tendre

Gascon: tenhèr, trende

Languedocien: tenre

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: tienru

Galician: tenro

Portuguese: terno, tenro

Spanish: tierno, ternero

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Brythonic: *tɨner

Breton: tener

Welsh: tyner

Disputed; either:
* From Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, draw”). Cognates would include Ancient Greek τείνω (teínō), Sanskrit तनोति (tanóti) and Old English þennan.
* Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“soft, weak, tender; young, small”) with dissimilation or metathesis: according to M. de Vaan, from Proto-Italic *terenos along with Sabine terenum (“soft”). Further cognates would include Epic Greek τέρην (térēn, “soft, gentle”), Old Armenian թոռն (tʻoṙn, “grandchild”), Middle Armenian թարմ (tʻarm, “fresh”) and Sanskrit तरुण (táruṇa, “young, tender, juvenile”), तर्ण (tárṇa, “calf”).


thwart

Middle English Dictionary
Oxford English Dictionary

The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).
The English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,
The adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.
The verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.
Noun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.


sermon

en-verb

sermon (third-person singular simple present sermons, present participle sermoning, simple past and past participle sermoned)

sermons (present singular third-person)
sermoning (participle present)
sermoned (participle past)
sermoned (past)

From Middle English sermonen, from Old French sermoner, from sermon (see above).

January 23 1583, Edmund Spenser, letter to Walter Raleigh
To some I know this methode will seem displeasaunt, which had rather have good discipline delivered plainly in way of precepts, or sermoned at large, as they use, then thus clowdily enwrapped in allegorical devises

(poetic, obsolete) To discourse to or of, as in a sermon.

(poetic, obsolete) To tutor; to lecture.


darkly

en-adj

darkly (comparative darklier or more darkly, superlative darkliest or most darkly)

darklier (comparative)
more darkly (comparative)
darkliest (superlative)
most darkly (superlative)

From Middle English derkely, equivalent to dark + -ly.

A Scanner Darkly

Earth's noblest sons are schooled in hut and cell,
As purest gems in darkliest caverns dwell.

A clue of lilies was I bid to find,
Where the green alleys most obscurely wind;
Where tall oaks darkliest canopy o'erhead,
And moss and violet make the softest bed; […]

1919, Ernest Christopher Dowson, Arthur Symons, The Poems of Ernest Dowson, page 81

(chiefly poetic) Relating to darkness or obscurity.


sprechen

de-verb

sprechen (class 4 strong, third-person singular present spricht, past tense sprach, past participle gesprochen, past subjunctive spräche, auxiliary haben)

spricht (present singular third-person)
sprach (past)
gesprochen (participle past)
spräche (past subjunctive)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
sprechen (infinitive)
sprechend (participle present)
gesprochen (participle past)
spreche (first-person indicative present singular)
sprechen (first-person indicative plural present)
spreche (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
sprechen (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
sprichst (indicative present second-person singular)
sprecht (indicative plural present second-person)
sprechest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
sprechet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
spricht (indicative present singular third-person)
sprechen (indicative plural present third-person)
spreche (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
sprechen (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
sprach (first-person indicative preterite singular)
sprachen (first-person indicative plural preterite)
spräche (first-person formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sprächen (first-person formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sprachst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
spracht (indicative plural preterite second-person)
sprächest (formal rare second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sprächst (formal rare second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sprächet (formal plural rare second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sprächt (formal plural rare second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sprach (indicative preterite singular third-person)
sprachen (indicative plural preterite third-person)
spräche (formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
sprächen (formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
sprich (imperative second-person singular)
sprecht (imperative plural second-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe gesprochen (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben gesprochen (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe gesprochen (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben gesprochen (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast gesprochen (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt gesprochen (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest gesprochen (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet gesprochen (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat gesprochen (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben gesprochen (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe gesprochen (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben gesprochen (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte gesprochen (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten gesprochen (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte gesprochen (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten gesprochen (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest gesprochen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet gesprochen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest gesprochen (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet gesprochen (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte gesprochen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten gesprochen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte gesprochen (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten gesprochen (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sprechen werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde sprechen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden sprechen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest sprechen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet sprechen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde sprechen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden sprechen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde sprechen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden sprechen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde sprechen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden sprechen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst sprechen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet sprechen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest sprechen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet sprechen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird sprechen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden sprechen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde sprechen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden sprechen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
gesprochen haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde gesprochen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden gesprochen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest gesprochen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet gesprochen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde gesprochen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden gesprochen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde gesprochen haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden gesprochen haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde gesprochen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden gesprochen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst gesprochen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet gesprochen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest gesprochen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet gesprochen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird gesprochen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden gesprochen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde gesprochen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden gesprochen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

→ Czech: šprechtit

→ Polish: szprechać

desc

šprȅhati//шпре̏хати

→ Serbo-Croatian: šprȅhati／шпре̏хати

→ Ukrainian: шпрехати (šprexaty)

Inherited from Middle High German sprëchen, from Old High German sprehhan, from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan. Compare Dutch spreken, English speak.

inh+

(transitive, literary, poetic) to say (something)


nunca

From Old Galician-Portuguese nunca, from Latin numquam (“never”).

(poetic) neverness (the quality of not ever being extant or present)


lachen

de-verb

lachen (weak, third-person singular present lacht, past tense lachte, past participle gelacht, auxiliary haben)

lacht (present singular third-person)
lachte (past)
gelacht (participle past)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
lachen (infinitive)
lachend (participle present)
gelacht (participle past)
lache (first-person indicative present singular)
lachen (first-person indicative plural present)
lache (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lachen (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lachst (indicative present second-person singular)
lacht (indicative plural present second-person)
lachest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lachet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lacht (indicative present singular third-person)
lachen (indicative plural present third-person)
lache (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
lachen (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
lachte (first-person indicative preterite singular)
lachten (first-person indicative plural preterite)
lachte (first-person formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
lachten (first-person formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
lachtest (indicative preterite second-person singular)
lachtet (indicative plural preterite second-person)
lachtest (formal rare second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
lachtet (formal plural rare second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
lachte (indicative preterite singular third-person)
lachten (indicative plural preterite third-person)
lachte (formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
lachten (formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
lach (imperative second-person singular)
lache (imperative second-person singular)
lacht (imperative plural second-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe gelacht (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben gelacht (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe gelacht (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben gelacht (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast gelacht (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt gelacht (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest gelacht (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet gelacht (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat gelacht (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben gelacht (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe gelacht (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben gelacht (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte gelacht (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten gelacht (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte gelacht (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten gelacht (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest gelacht (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet gelacht (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest gelacht (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet gelacht (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte gelacht (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten gelacht (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte gelacht (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten gelacht (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lachen werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde lachen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden lachen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest lachen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet lachen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde lachen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden lachen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde lachen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden lachen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde lachen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden lachen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst lachen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet lachen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest lachen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet lachen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird lachen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden lachen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde lachen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden lachen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
gelacht haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde gelacht haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden gelacht haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest gelacht haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet gelacht haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde gelacht haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden gelacht haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde gelacht haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden gelacht haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde gelacht haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden gelacht haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst gelacht haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet gelacht haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest gelacht haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet gelacht haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird gelacht haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden gelacht haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde gelacht haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden gelacht haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

From Middle High German lachen, from Old High German lahhen, from Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.

Das Glück hat ihr gelacht

(poetic) to smile [with dative ‘upon someone’]


cerebro

Probably an early borrowing from Latin cerebrum (“brain, skull”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂s- (“head”). Cf. the related cervello, which was inherited from a diminutive of the Latin word.


yearn

en-verb

yearn (third-person singular simple present yearns, present participle yearning, simple past and past participle yearned or (rare) yearnt)

yearns (present singular third-person)
yearning (participle present)
yearned (participle past)
yearned (past)
yearnt (participle past rare)
yearnt (past rare)
yearn (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Middle English yernen, yern (“to express or feel desire; to desire, long or wish for; to lust after; to ask or demand for”) [and other forms], from Old English ġeornan (“to desire, yearn; to beg”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *girnijan (“to be eager for, desire”), from Proto-Germanic *girnijaną (“to desire, want”), from *gernaz (“eager, willing”) (from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”)) + *-janą (suffix forming factitive verbs from adjectives).
The noun is derived from the verb.

nb...

gern, ierne, yerne, yrne, ȝarne, ȝarnin, ȝarnon, ȝern, ȝerne, ȝernen, ȝiern, ȝirnin, ȝorn, ȝyrn, ȝyrne, (chiefly Northern English) gerne, giern, yarne, yhern, yherne, (Northwest Midlands) yurn, (Early Middle English) georne, geornen, gierne, girne, gyrne, ierne, irne, ȝeorne, ȝeornen, ȝeornnen, ȝernenn, ȝierne, ȝirnæn, ȝirn, ȝirne, ȝurn, ȝurne, (Early Middle English, Northern England) yhern, yherne, yiern, ȝarne, ȝherne, (Early Middle English, Southwest England) herne, ȝorne, ȝurn, ȝurne, (Early Middle English, Southwest Midlands) ȝeorne, ȝeornne, ȝirni, ȝurne

nb...

(chiefly Late Old English) iærnan, ieornan, gernan (rare), gurnan, (Old English) geornan, giernan, giornan (chiefly Northumbria), girnan, gyrnan, gyrnnan (rare)

تَاقَ

to have a strong desire for something or to do something

(transitive, archaic or poetic) To have a strong desire or longing (for something or to do something).


argento

Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico

Borrowed from Latin argentum, from Proto-Italic *argentom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm, from *h₂erǵ- (“white”). Old Spanish and Old Portuguese had inherited descendants of the word in arento, possibly from a Vulgar Latin variant *arentum, perhaps influenced by Celtic; cf. also obsolete Italian ariento, which may have come from an Oscan-influenced form. See also Spanish arienzo, inherited from a related root.


wer

wer (nominative singular)
weras (nominative plural)
wer (accusative singular)
weras (accusative plural)
weres (genitive singular)
wera (genitive plural)
were (dative singular)
werum (dative plural)

Middle English: wer
English: wer, were

From Proto-West Germanic *wer, from Proto-Germanic *weraz.
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old High German wer, Old Norse verr, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin vir, Sanskrit वीर (vīrà), Old Irish fer, Lithuanian výras.


tá

tás (genitive)
tá (plural)
tá (indefinite nominative singular)
táit (definite nominative singular)
tá (indefinite nominative plural)
táin (definite nominative plural)
tá (accusative indefinite singular)
táit (accusative definite singular)
tá (accusative indefinite plural)
táin (accusative definite plural)
tái (dative indefinite singular)
tá (dative indefinite singular)
táinu (dative definite singular)
tánu (dative definite singular)
tám (dative indefinite plural)
tánum (dative definite plural)
tás (genitive indefinite singular)
tásins (definite genitive singular)
tá (genitive indefinite plural)
tánna (definite genitive plural)

non-decl-blank-full

tá

Icelandic: tá

Norwegian Nynorsk: tåg

Old Swedish: tā, ⇒ fortā

Swedish: tå (dialectal)

⇒ Old Danish: fortā, fortæ

Danish: forte

Danish: fortov

desc

Norwegian Bokmål: fortau (also from a dialectal form of fortåg)

From Proto-Germanic *tanhwą. Compare Finnish tanhua (“stockyard”), which was borrowed from Proto-Norse or Proto-Germanic. The noun itself is derived from the adjective Proto-Germanic *tanhuz (“tough”).


rinc

rinc (nominative singular)
rincas (nominative plural)
rinc (accusative singular)
rincas (accusative plural)
rinces (genitive singular)
rinca (genitive plural)
rince (dative singular)
rincum (dative plural)

English: rink

From Proto-Germanic *rinkiz (“upright man”), from Proto-Germanic *rinkaz (“straight, upright”). Cognate with Old Saxon rink, Old Norse rekkr.


Wurm

de-noun

m:n􂀿alternatively when meaning "baby, mite"􂁀,es:s,^er:^e􂀿archaic􂁀

Wurm m or (alternatively when meaning "baby, mite") n (strong, genitive Wurmes or Wurms, plural Würmer or (archaic) Würme, diminutive Würmchen n or Würmlein n)

meaning "baby
mite"
Wurmes (genitive)
Wurms (genitive)
Würmer (plural)
Würme (archaic plural)
Würmchen (diminutive neuter)
Würmlein (diminutive neuter)
Wurm (definite nominative singular)
Würmer (definite nominative plural)
Würme (archaic definite nominative plural)
Wurmes (genitive singular)
Wurms (genitive singular)
Würmer (definite genitive plural)
Würme (archaic definite genitive plural)
Wurm (dative singular)
Wurme (dative singular)
Würmern (dative definite plural)
Würmen (archaic dative definite plural)
Wurm (accusative definite singular)
Würmer (accusative definite plural)
Würme (accusative archaic definite plural)

From Middle High German wurm, from Old High German wurm, from Proto-Germanic *wurmiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis. Cognate with Dutch worm, English worm, West Frisian wjirm, Danish orm, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌼𐍃 (waurms).

(poetic, heraldry) dragon, lindworm, wyrm


supine

en-adj

supine (comparative more supine, superlative most supine)

more supine (comparative)
most supine (superlative)

The adjective is borrowed from Latin supīnus, from *sup- (see sub (“under”)) + -īnus (“of, pertaining to”). The word is cognate with Catalan supí, Italian supino, Old French sovin, Middle French souvin, Anglo-Norman supin, Old Occitan sobin, sopin, Portuguese supino, Spanish supino. Partly displaced Old English upweard (“upward, supine”), whence Modern English upward.
The noun is from Late Middle English supin (“supine of a Latin verb”) or Middle French supin (“(grammar) supine”), from Latin supīnum, (ellipsis of supīnum verbum (“supine verb”)), from supīnus; further etymology above.

der

(rare, now poetic) Inclining or leaning backward; inclined, sloping.


min

From Middle Dutch min, minne, from Old Dutch minna, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]; compare Old Frisian minne, Old Saxon minnia, Old High German minna (German Minne).


oro

oro (nominative singular)
orot (nominative plural)
oro (accusative nominative singular)
orot (accusative nominative plural)
oron (accusative genitive singular)
orot (accusative genitive plural)
oron (genitive singular)
orojen (genitive plural)
oroa (partitive singular)
oroja (partitive plural)
orossa (inessive singular)
oroissa (inessive plural)
orosta (elative singular)
oroista (elative plural)
oroon (illative singular)
oroihin (illative plural)
orolla (adessive singular)
oroilla (adessive plural)
orolta (ablative singular)
oroilta (ablative plural)
orolle (allative singular)
oroille (allative plural)
orona (essive singular)
oroina (essive plural)
oroksi (singular translative)
oroiksi (plural translative)
orotta (abessive singular)
oroitta (abessive plural)
oroin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
oroni (nominative singular)
oroni (nominative plural)
oroni (accusative nominative singular)
oroni (accusative nominative plural)
oroni (accusative genitive singular)
oroni (accusative genitive plural)
oroni (genitive singular)
orojeni (genitive plural)
oroani (partitive singular)
orojani (partitive plural)
orossani (inessive singular)
oroissani (inessive plural)
orostani (elative singular)
oroistani (elative plural)
orooni (illative singular)
oroihini (illative plural)
orollani (adessive singular)
oroillani (adessive plural)
oroltani (ablative singular)
oroiltani (ablative plural)
orolleni (allative singular)
oroilleni (allative plural)
oronani (essive singular)
oroinani (essive plural)
orokseni (singular translative)
oroikseni (plural translative)
orottani (abessive singular)
oroittani (abessive plural)
oroineni (comitative plural)
orosi (nominative singular)
orosi (nominative plural)
orosi (accusative nominative singular)
orosi (accusative nominative plural)
orosi (accusative genitive singular)
orosi (accusative genitive plural)
orosi (genitive singular)
orojesi (genitive plural)
oroasi (partitive singular)
orojasi (partitive plural)
orossasi (inessive singular)
oroissasi (inessive plural)
orostasi (elative singular)
oroistasi (elative plural)
oroosi (illative singular)
oroihisi (illative plural)
orollasi (adessive singular)
oroillasi (adessive plural)
oroltasi (ablative singular)
oroiltasi (ablative plural)
orollesi (allative singular)
oroillesi (allative plural)
oronasi (essive singular)
oroinasi (essive plural)
oroksesi (singular translative)
oroiksesi (plural translative)
orottasi (abessive singular)
oroittasi (abessive plural)
oroinesi (comitative plural)
oromme (nominative singular)
oromme (nominative plural)
oromme (accusative nominative singular)
oromme (accusative nominative plural)
oromme (accusative genitive singular)
oromme (accusative genitive plural)
oromme (genitive singular)
orojemme (genitive plural)
oroamme (partitive singular)
orojamme (partitive plural)
orossamme (inessive singular)
oroissamme (inessive plural)
orostamme (elative singular)
oroistamme (elative plural)
oroomme (illative singular)
oroihimme (illative plural)
orollamme (adessive singular)
oroillamme (adessive plural)
oroltamme (ablative singular)
oroiltamme (ablative plural)
orollemme (allative singular)
oroillemme (allative plural)
oronamme (essive singular)
oroinamme (essive plural)
oroksemme (singular translative)
oroiksemme (plural translative)
orottamme (abessive singular)
oroittamme (abessive plural)
oroinemme (comitative plural)
oronne (nominative singular)
oronne (nominative plural)
oronne (accusative nominative singular)
oronne (accusative nominative plural)
oronne (accusative genitive singular)
oronne (accusative genitive plural)
oronne (genitive singular)
orojenne (genitive plural)
oroanne (partitive singular)
orojanne (partitive plural)
orossanne (inessive singular)
oroissanne (inessive plural)
orostanne (elative singular)
oroistanne (elative plural)
oroonne (illative singular)
oroihinne (illative plural)
orollanne (adessive singular)
oroillanne (adessive plural)
oroltanne (ablative singular)
oroiltanne (ablative plural)
orollenne (allative singular)
oroillenne (allative plural)
oronanne (essive singular)
oroinanne (essive plural)
oroksenne (singular translative)
oroiksenne (plural translative)
orottanne (abessive singular)
oroittanne (abessive plural)
oroinenne (comitative plural)
oronsa (nominative singular)
oronsa (nominative plural)
oronsa (accusative nominative singular)
oronsa (accusative nominative plural)
oronsa (accusative genitive singular)
oronsa (accusative genitive plural)
oronsa (genitive singular)
orojensa (genitive plural)
oroaan (partitive singular)
oroansa (partitive singular)
orojaan (partitive plural)
orojansa (partitive plural)
orossaan (inessive singular)
orossansa (inessive singular)
oroissaan (inessive plural)
oroissansa (inessive plural)
orostaan (elative singular)
orostansa (elative singular)
oroistaan (elative plural)
oroistansa (elative plural)
oroonsa (illative singular)
oroihinsa (illative plural)
orollaan (adessive singular)
orollansa (adessive singular)
oroillaan (adessive plural)
oroillansa (adessive plural)
oroltaan (ablative singular)
oroltansa (ablative singular)
oroiltaan (ablative plural)
oroiltansa (ablative plural)
orolleen (allative singular)
orollensa (allative singular)
oroilleen (allative plural)
oroillensa (allative plural)
oronaan (essive singular)
oronansa (essive singular)
oroinaan (essive plural)
oroinansa (essive plural)
orokseen (singular translative)
oroksensa (singular translative)
oroikseen (plural translative)
oroiksensa (plural translative)
orottaan (abessive singular)
orottansa (abessive singular)
oroittaan (abessive plural)
oroittansa (abessive plural)
oroineen (comitative plural)
oroinensa (comitative plural)

Alternative of ori. Cognate to Livvi oro.


lida

lida (nominative singular)
lidan (nominative plural)
lidan (accusative singular)
lidan (accusative plural)
lidan (genitive singular)
lidena (genitive plural)
lidan (dative singular)
lidum (dative plural)


specular

en-adj

specular (comparative more specular, superlative most specular)

more specular (comparative)
most specular (superlative)

From Latin speculāris, from speculum; and in some senses from speculārī (“to watch, observe”). Some later senses via French spéculaire.

Calm as the Universe, from specular towers / Of heaven contemplated by Spirits pure.

(poetic) Offering an expansive view; picturesque.


wilding

The wilding bee hums merrily by.

a. 1844, William Cullen Bryant, The Gladness of Nature


plume

From Late Middle English plum, plume (“feather; plumage”), from Anglo-Norman plum, plume and Middle French, Old French plume, plome (“plumage; down used for stuffing pillows, etc.; pen, quill”) (modern French plume (“feather; pen, quill; pen nib; (figurative) writer”)), and directly from its etymon Latin plūma (“feather; plumage; down”) (compare Late Latin plūma (“pen, quill”)), from Proto-Italic *plouksmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly; to flow; to run; to flap with hands; to splash”).
The English word is a doublet of pluma.

der

[T]he most valuable cargo carried by the Titanic wasn't diamonds or gold but 12 cases of ostrich plumes valued at $2.3 million in today's money.

2020 August 4, Richard Conniff, “They may Look Goofy, but Ostriches are Nobody’s Fool”, in National Geographic, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-10-09

(archaic, literary and poetic) A feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration.

перо

feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration — see also feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration

(archaic, literary and poetic) A cluster of feathers worn as an ornament, especially on a helmet; a hackle.


tenebrae

la-noun

tenebrae f pl (genitive tenebrārum); first declension

tenebrārum (genitive)
tenebrae (nominative plural)
tenebrārum (genitive plural)
tenebrīs (dative plural)
tenebrās (accusative plural)
tenebrīs (ablative plural)
tenebrae (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: tẽevras
Galician: tebras
Portuguese: trevas

Spanish: tinieblas

Istriot: tienabre

→ Catalan: tenebres

→ French: ténèbres

→ Ido: tenebro

→ Italian: tenebre

→ Romanian: tenebră

→ English: tenebrism

With regressive dissimilation (*m-b > n-b) from *temabrāi, nominalized feminine plural from Proto-Italic *temazros (“dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *temH-(e)s-ro-, from *temH-. Related to temere.


e'er

… No rogue e’er felt the halter draw, with a good opinion of the law, and perhaps my own detestation of the law arises from my having frequently broken it. […]

1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad

(dialectal or poetic, otherwise archaic) Contraction of ever.


ne'er

Come, stack arms, Men! Pile on the rails; stir up the campfire bright; no matter if the canteen fails, we'll make a roaring night. Here Shenandoah brawls along, there burly Blue Ridge echoes strong, to swell the Brigade's rousing song, of “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
We see him now — the old slouched hat cocked o’er his eye askew, the shrewd, dry smile, the speech so pat, so calm, so blunt, so true. The “Blue-Light Elder” knows ’em well; says he, “That’s Banks — he’s fond of shell; Lord save his soul! We’ll give him” — well, that’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
Silence! Ground arms! Kneel all! Caps off! Old Blue Light’s going to pray. Strangle the fool that dares to scoff: Attention! 'Tis his way. Appealing from his native sod in forma pauperis to God: “Lay bare thine arm, stretch forth thy rod! Amen!” That’s “Stonewall’s Way.”
He’s in the saddle now. Fall in! Steady, the whole brigade! Hill’s at the ford, cut off — we’ll win his way out, ball and blade! What matter if our shoes are worn? What matter if our feet are torn? “Quick step! We’re with him before the morn!” That’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in the lists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
Ah! Maiden, wait and watch and yearn for news of Stonewall’s band! Ah! Widow read with eyes that burn that ring upon thy hand. Ah! Wife, sew on, pray on, hope on! Thy life shall not be all forlorn. The foe had better ne’er been born that gets in “Stonewall’s Way.”

1862, John Williamson Palmer, Stonewall Jackson's Way

(dialectal or poetic, otherwise archaic) Contraction of never.


ware

en-adj

ware (comparative more ware, superlative most ware)

more ware (comparative)
most ware (superlative)

From Middle English ware, war, from Old English wær, from Proto-West Germanic *war, from Proto-Germanic *waraz.

And in like wise as she said so they departed, that neither the king nor none of his council were ware of their departing.

1485 July 30, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter I, in William Caxton, editor, Le Morte D’Arthur, volume 1


firmament

en-noun

firmament (countable and uncountable, plural firmaments)

From Middle English firmament, furmament (“heaven; sky”), from Old French firmament (“firmament”), or from its etymon Latin firmāmentum (“support; sky”), from
firmāre (“to strengthen”) + -mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of an action). Firmāre is the present active infinitive of firmō (“to make firm, strengthen”), from firmus (“firm, strong, stable”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold; to support”).
The Latin word was used in the Vulgate version of the Bible to translate the
Ancient Greek στερέωμα (steréōma, “foundation, framework; firmament”) in the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), which in turn was used to translate the Hebrew רָקִיעַ (rāqī́aʿ, “celestial dome, vault of heaven”), from the root ר־ק־ע (r-q-`); in Classical Syriac the similar root ܪ-ܩ-ܥ (r-q-ʿ) (related to compacting) gave rise to ܪܩܝܥܐ (rəqīʿā, “compact; firm; firmament, heavens, sky; celestial sphere”).

ref

From Petrus Apianus, Gemma Frisius (1539) Petri Apiani cosmographia, per Gemmam Phrysium, apud Louanienses medicum ac mathematicum insignem, restituta: additis de adem re ipsius Gemmae Phry. libellis, ut sequens pagina docet, Antwerp: In pingui gallina Arnoldo Berckma[n]no [Arnold Birckmann], →OCLC.

ሰማይ

vault of the heavens — see also heavens, sky

Now to ye all, be firmaments to ſtars, / Be ſtars to Firmaments, and as you are / Splendent, ſo be fixed, not wandring, nor / Irregular, both keeping courſe together, [...]

1609, Everie VVoman in Her Humor, London: […] E[dward] A[llde] for Thomas Archer, […], →OCLC; reprinted as John S. Farmer, editor, Every Woman in Her Humor (The Tudor Facsimile Texts), [Amersham, Buckinghamshire]: [John S. Farmer] […], 1913, →OCLC

And far above the gentle moon sails on / Through the blue firmament. It is a scene / That gives that spot of earth the air of Heav'n!

1825 January, H. G. B., “The Bride of Parma”, in The Edinburgh Magazine, and Literary Miscellany; […], volume XVI, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 68, column 2

Some of his [Confucius's] philosophical principles are, [...] that the cause or principle of things must have had a co-existence with the things themselves; [...] and that the central point of influence, from which this cause chiefly acts, is the blue firmament (tien), whence its emanations are spread over the universe; [...] the sun, moon, stars, and elements, are considered also as composing the firmament, or Teen, as the immediate agents of the Deity, and as the productive powers in creation.

1831, James Bell, “[Chinese Empire.] Chapter IV.”, in A System of Geography, Popular and Scientific, […], volume V, Glasgow: Archibald Fullarton and Co. and Blackie and Son; […], →OCLC, page 34

On its far side, on the very horizon of the world, stood purple mountains, so tall and sharp that they bridged the firmaments.

2001 December, J. Robert King, “Who are We?”, in Brian Thomsen, editor, Lancelot du Lethe, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, page 229

The feeling I dread the most is not fear but despair—the dim, oppressive sense that the more things change, the more they stay the same; that each of us with a frozen heart "like an old-stone savage armed" will continue to move in darkness, lifting boulders, patrolling the firmaments of divisive anger.

2002, Barbara Kingsolver, “Small Wonder”, in Small Wonder: Essays, New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins, published 2009

[...] 'The Morning Star' and 'The Evening Star' have the same celestial object as Bedeutung, but present that object in different ways, perhaps in one case as the object that appears in such and such a place in the morning firmament and in the other as the object that appears in such and such a place in the evening firmament.

2013, Alexander Miller, “The Development of Theories of Meaning: From Frege to McDowell and Beyond”, in Michael Beaney, editor, The Oxford Handbook of the History of Analytic Philosophy, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, part II (The Development of Analytic Philosophy), page 658

(usually uncountable, literary, poetic, also figuratively) The vault of the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, and stars can be seen; the heavens, the sky.


titanio

it-adj

titanio (feminine titania, masculine plural titani, feminine plural titanie)

titania (feminine)
titani (masculine plural)
titanie (feminine plural)

From Latin tītānius (“related to the Titans”).

der

(poetic) of or pertaining to the Titans; Titanic


salve

Borrowed from Latin salvē (“hail, hello”).


repose

en-verb

repose (third-person singular simple present reposes, present participle reposing, simple past and past participle reposed)

reposes (present singular third-person)
reposing (participle present)
reposed (participle past)
reposed (past)
repose (infinitive)

Berthe Morisot
Rhode Island School of Design Museum
Édouard Manet

The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsis, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sis, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).
Noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.
cognates
* Catalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)
* Italian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)
* Old Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)
* Portuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)
* Spanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)

ref

From the collection of the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

pitää tauko

to cause (oneself) to take a rest from some activity; to allow (oneself) to recover from some activity

arãpas

to lean or recline, sit down, or lie down to rest — see also rest

(obsolete, literary and poetic) To lie still and unmoving.


linda

eo-head

linda (accusative singular lindan, plural lindaj, accusative plural lindajn)

lindan (accusative singular)
lindaj (plural)
lindajn (accusative plural)