sudden

en-adv

sudden (comparative more sudden, superlative most sudden)

more sudden (comparative)
most sudden (superlative)

From Middle English sodeyn, sodain, from Anglo-Norman sodein, from Old French sodain, subdain (“immediate, sudden”), from Vulgar Latin *subitānus (“sudden”), from Latin subitāneus (“sudden”), from subitus (“sudden", literally, "that which has come stealthily”), originally the past participle of subīre (“to come or go stealthily”), from sub (“under”) + īre (“go”). Doublet of subitaneous. Displaced native Old English fǣrlīċ.


strand

* From Middle English strand, strond, from Old English strand (“strand, sea-shore, shore”), from Proto-West Germanic *strand, from Proto-Germanic *strandō (“edge, rim, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)trAnt- (“strand, border, field”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“to broaden, spread out”). Cognate with West Frisian strân, Dutch strand, German Strand, Danish strand, Swedish strand, Norwegian Bokmål strand, Icelandic strönd.
* (street): Perhaps from the similarity of shape.

der

(poetic, archaic or regional) The shore or beach of a lake or river.


confine

From Middle French confiner, from confins, from Medieval Latin confines, from Latin confinium, from confīnis.

She says for you to bring her a slice of cake,
A bottle of the best wine,
And not to forget the fair young lady
That did release you from close confine.

a. 1917, anonymous, “Lord Bateman” (folk song) as published in Bertrand Harris Bronson (1959) The Traditional Tunes of the Child Ballads, vol. 1, p. 419


wig

wīġ (canonical neuter)
wīġ (nominative singular)
wīg (nominative plural)
wīġ (accusative singular)
wīg (accusative plural)
wīġes (genitive singular)
wīga (genitive plural)
wīġe (dative singular)
wīgum (dative plural)

Middle English: wiȝe, wi, wy

Oft iċ wīġ sēo, frēcne feohtan.


ma

See minä; developed through contraction. Compare Estonian ma.


plumbum

la-noun

plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension

plumbī (genitive)
plumbum (nominative singular)
plumba (nominative plural)
plumbī (genitive singular)
plumbōrum (genitive plural)
plumbō (dative singular)
plumbīs (dative plural)
plumbum (accusative singular)
plumba (accusative plural)
plumbō (ablative singular)
plumbīs (ablative plural)
plumbum (singular vocative)
plumba (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu

Romanian: plumb

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: piombu

Italian: piombo

Neapolitan: chiummo

Sicilian: chiummu

Padanian:

Emilian: piòmb

Friulian: plomp, plomb

Ligurian: cióngio

Lombard: piomb, piom

Piedmontese: piomb

Romagnol: piòmb

Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m

Venetian: piònbo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: plomb

Middle French: plomb

French: plomb ⇒ plombe

→ German: Plombe

→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme

English: plumb

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: plom

→? Asturian: plomu, plombu

q

→? Spanish: plomo (can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)

Occitan: plomb

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: plomo, plom

Ribagorçan: pllom

Galician: chumbo

Portuguese: chumbo → prumo (semi-learned)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: plumb

→ English: plumbum

→ German: Plumbum

→ Limburgish: plómb

→ Malay: plumbum

→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum

Middle Welsh: plwm

Welsh: plwm

[ˈpɫ̪ʊmbʊ̃ˑ]

Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Proto-Berber *būldūn.


's

Contractions of various words ending in s.

Duncan’s in ’s grave


Aidenn

From Hebrew עדן (éden, “Eden”). Compare Arabic عَدْن (ʕadn).

Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn / It shall clasp a rare and radiant maiden who the angels named Lenore


лиса

bg-noun

ли́са • (lísa) f (relational adjective ли́син)

ли́са (canonical)
lísa (romanization)
ли́син (adjective relational)
ли́са (indefinite singular)
ли́си (indefinite plural)
ли́сата (definite singular)
ли́сите (definite plural)
ли́со (singular vocative)
ли́си (plural vocative)

Кума Лиса (folklore character) ― Kuma Lisa ― Godmother Fox


'twill

Mercutio:No: 'tis not so deepe as a well, nor so wide as a Church doore, but 'tis inough, ’twill serue: aske for me to morrow, and you shall find me a graue man.

1597, Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, act 3, scene 1

“You get the Red Room, Kipper.” “Right-ho.” “I had it last year. ’Tis not as deep as a well nor as wide as a church door, but ’tis enough, ’twill serve,” I said, recalling a gag of Jeeves’s.

1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter X


-in

rakkain (for rakkaani)

syödäksein (for syödäkseni)

A variant for the first-person singular possessive suffix -ni.


anew

From Middle English onew, of newe, from Old English of niowe.

Each morning, opportunity—like the sun—dawns anew.

Then they set somewhat of food before me, whereof I ate my fill, and gave me somewhat of clothes wherewith I clad myself anew and covered my nakedness; after which they took me up into the ship, […]

1885, Richard F. Burton, “Night 558”, in The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night

(literary, poetic or formal) Again, once more; afresh, in a new way, newly.


swift

en-adv

swift (comparative more swift, superlative most swift)

more swift (comparative)
most swift (superlative)

From Middle English swift, from Old English swift (“swift; quick”), from Proto-Germanic *swiftaz (“swift; quick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)weyp- (“to twist; wind around”). Cognate with Icelandic svipta (“to pull quickly”), Old English swīfan (“to revolve, sweep, wend, intervene”). More at swivel.

cog

Ply swift and strong the oar.


bough

bow (to bend oneself as a gesture of respect or deference)

PIE word
 *bʰeh₂ǵʰús
From Middle English bough (“branch of a bush or tree, especially a main branch; limb of an animal or person; something resembling a branch (such as a plant root or branch of a nerve); (figuratively) Christian cross; descendant, offspring”) [and other forms], from Old English bōg, bōh (“tree bough or branch; arm; shoulder”), from Proto-West Germanic *bōgu, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz (“shoulder; upper arm”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Bouch, West Frisian boech, Dutch boeg, German Low German Boog, German Bug, Danish bov, Icelandic bógur, and distantly with Ancient Greek πῆχυς (pêkhus, “forearm, cubit, etc.”). Doublet of bow ("front of a ship, prow").

nb...

boe, bog, bogh, boghe, boght, boh, bohu, bohw, boow, bou, boughe, bouh, bouw, bouȝ, bouȝe, bow, bowe, bowȝe, boȝ, boȝe, boȝh, bugh, bught, buh, buȝ

cog

It was vſed of auncient time in Gauelkind land, & hath receiued the allowance and iudgement of a good and lawfull cuſtome, that if the huſband be attainted and executed for a felonie by him committed, yet ſhall his wife for the ſolace of her loſſe and deſolation haue her dowrie of his land, and alſo the heire ſhall inherite the ſame according to that olde ſaying: The father to the bough, & the ſonne to the plough, […]

1584, A Breefe Discourse, Declaring and Approuing the Necessarie and Inuiolable Maintenance of the Laudable Customes of London: […], London: […] Henrie Midleton for Rafe Newberie, →OCLC, pages 26–27

(obsolete, figuratively, poetic) A gallows.


semen

la-noun

sēmen n (genitive sēminis); third declension

sēmen (canonical neuter)
sēminis (genitive)
sēmen (nominative singular)
sēmina (nominative plural)
sēminis (genitive singular)
sēminum (genitive plural)
sēminī (dative singular)
sēminibus (dative plural)
sēmen (accusative singular)
sēmina (accusative plural)
sēmine (ablative singular)
sēminibus (ablative plural)
sēmen (singular vocative)
sēmina (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: semen

→ English: semen

→ Middle Irish: semen

Irish: seamhan

Galician: seme

Italian: seme

Romanian: sămânță

Portuguese: sêmen, sémen (Portugal)

Romansch: sem

→ Spanish: semen, ⇒ semilla

Venetian: sema

From Proto-Italic *sēmən, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₁mn̥ (“seed”).

et ignis sēmina convolvunt ē nūbibus.

c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 6

and the seeds of fire roll from the clouds.

(poetic) seed (of the elements of other bodies (of fire, water, stones, etc.))


complicate

en-adj

complicate (comparative more complicate, superlative most complicate)

more complicate (comparative)
most complicate (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin complicatus, past participle of complicare (“to fold together”), from com- (“together”) + plicare (“to fold, weave, knit”); see plaid, and compare complex.

How poor, how rich, how abject, how august, / How complicate, how wonderful, is Man!

1745, Edward Young, Night-Thoughts, section I

(now rare, poetic) Complex, complicated.


aland

From Middle English aland, alond, alonde, o lande, from Old English on lande (“on land”), equivalent to a- + land.

Henry the Eighth […] departed out of England from Sowthampton, with a great navy of shipps to set that company aland in Spayne, for to helpe the kynge of Spayne agaynste the Frenche kynge […]

c. 1541, The Chronicle of Calais, London, published 1846


tempus

la-noun

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

temporis (genitive)
tempus (nominative singular)
tempora (nominative plural)
temporis (genitive singular)
temporum (genitive plural)
temporī (dative singular)
temporibus (dative plural)
tempus (accusative singular)
tempora (accusative plural)
tempore (ablative singular)
temporibus (ablative plural)
tempus (singular vocative)
tempora (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: timp

Romanian: timp

Dalmatian:

tiamp

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: tempu

Italian: tempo (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: tiempo

Sicilian: tempu

North Italian:

Istriot: tenpo

Venetian: tenpo, tènp

Gallo-Italian:

Ligurian: tempo

Lombard: temp

Piedmontese: temp

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: timp

Ladin: tëmp

Romansch: temp, taimp, tains

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: temps

Oïl:

desctree

Old French: temps, tans, tens
Anglo-Norman: tens
Middle English: tens
English: tense
Bourguignon: tamps
Middle French: temps
French: temps
Norman: temps
Walloon: tins
, tans, tens

Oc:

Old Catalan: temps

Catalan: temps

Old Occitan: tems
Occitan: tèms, tems, temps

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: tiempu

Galician: tempo

Portuguese: tempo

Spanish: tiempo

→ Basque: denbora

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tempus

→ Russian: темп (temp)

→ Sardinian: tempus

→ Swedish: tempus

→ Welsh: tymor

Asturian: tenllera

Catalan: templa

Esperanto: tempio

Old French: temple
French: tempe
→ Middle English: temple
English: temple

Galician: tempas

Italian: tempia

→ Portuguese: têmpora

Romanian: tâmplă

→ Sardinian: tempus

Sicilian: sintimentu

Spanish: tiempo

Catalan: temps

→ Galician: tempo

→ Italian: tempo

Neapolitan: tiempo

→ Portuguese: tempo

Romanian: timp

Sicilian: tempu

Spanish: tiempo

Two roots have been proposed: (1) from Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the extension *temp- of the root *ten- (“to stretch, string”), with meaning development "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion"; (2) from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”), thus "a section (of time)", this root also giving Latin temnō, tondeō, Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō); compare the etymology of English time. Templum is a possible cognate that has also been assigned to both roots.
Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek τὰ καίρῐᾰ (tà kaíria, “the vital or fatal place (on the body)”), from καιρός (kairós, “time, opportunity, etc.”), and is less frequent in singular form. See Old English þunwang (“temple of the head”), Middle High German tinne, tinge (“forehead, temples”).
As seen from the adverb temperī, the noun would originally have declined like genus.

cog

(poetic, transferred sense) (in general) The face, visage; the head.


oi

Estonian language
Ingrian language
Karelian language
Latvian language
Ludian language
Russian language
Swedish language
Veps language
Votic language

Similar interjections can be found in other Finnic languages (compare Estonian oi, Ingrian oi, Karelian oi, Ludian oi, Veps oi, Votic oi) and neighboring Indo-European languages (Swedish oj, Latvian oi, Russian ой).

Oi Herra!


anneal

en-verb

anneal (third-person singular simple present anneals, present participle annealing, simple past and past participle annealed)

anneals (present singular third-person)
annealing (participle present)
annealed (participle past)
annealed (past)

From Middle English anelen, onelen, from Old English onǣlan (“to burn, ignite, set fire to, consume, heat, enlighten, incite, inflame, inspire, kindle”), from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on”) + Proto-Germanic *ailijaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn”).
The word is related to Old English onāl (“that which is burnt, burning; incense”), Old English āl (“fire, burning”), Icelandic eldur (“fire”), Swedish eld (“fire, flame”), Danish ild (“fire”).

cog

National Archives and Record Administration

The experience annealed them, strengthening their resolve.

(figurative, archaic or poetic) To strengthen or harden.


ceil

Abbrevation of ceiling, influenced by French ciel

[…] The mossy sward / Beneath their feet, their carpet was, / An azure ceil, the sky above; […]

1890, Ambrose E. Pratt, Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary Celebration of Sandwich and Bourne, at Sandwich, Massachusetts, September 3, 1889, page 89


emo

emo (nominative singular)
emot (nominative plural)
emo (accusative nominative singular)
emot (accusative nominative plural)
emon (accusative genitive singular)
emot (accusative genitive plural)
emon (genitive singular)
emojen (genitive plural)
emoa (partitive singular)
emoja (partitive plural)
emossa (inessive singular)
emoissa (inessive plural)
emosta (elative singular)
emoista (elative plural)
emoon (illative singular)
emoihin (illative plural)
emolla (adessive singular)
emoilla (adessive plural)
emolta (ablative singular)
emoilta (ablative plural)
emolle (allative singular)
emoille (allative plural)
emona (essive singular)
emoina (essive plural)
emoksi (singular translative)
emoiksi (plural translative)
emotta (abessive singular)
emoitta (abessive plural)
emoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
emoni (nominative singular)
emoni (nominative plural)
emoni (accusative nominative singular)
emoni (accusative nominative plural)
emoni (accusative genitive singular)
emoni (accusative genitive plural)
emoni (genitive singular)
emojeni (genitive plural)
emoani (partitive singular)
emojani (partitive plural)
emossani (inessive singular)
emoissani (inessive plural)
emostani (elative singular)
emoistani (elative plural)
emooni (illative singular)
emoihini (illative plural)
emollani (adessive singular)
emoillani (adessive plural)
emoltani (ablative singular)
emoiltani (ablative plural)
emolleni (allative singular)
emoilleni (allative plural)
emonani (essive singular)
emoinani (essive plural)
emokseni (singular translative)
emoikseni (plural translative)
emottani (abessive singular)
emoittani (abessive plural)
emoineni (comitative plural)
emosi (nominative singular)
emosi (nominative plural)
emosi (accusative nominative singular)
emosi (accusative nominative plural)
emosi (accusative genitive singular)
emosi (accusative genitive plural)
emosi (genitive singular)
emojesi (genitive plural)
emoasi (partitive singular)
emojasi (partitive plural)
emossasi (inessive singular)
emoissasi (inessive plural)
emostasi (elative singular)
emoistasi (elative plural)
emoosi (illative singular)
emoihisi (illative plural)
emollasi (adessive singular)
emoillasi (adessive plural)
emoltasi (ablative singular)
emoiltasi (ablative plural)
emollesi (allative singular)
emoillesi (allative plural)
emonasi (essive singular)
emoinasi (essive plural)
emoksesi (singular translative)
emoiksesi (plural translative)
emottasi (abessive singular)
emoittasi (abessive plural)
emoinesi (comitative plural)
emomme (nominative singular)
emomme (nominative plural)
emomme (accusative nominative singular)
emomme (accusative nominative plural)
emomme (accusative genitive singular)
emomme (accusative genitive plural)
emomme (genitive singular)
emojemme (genitive plural)
emoamme (partitive singular)
emojamme (partitive plural)
emossamme (inessive singular)
emoissamme (inessive plural)
emostamme (elative singular)
emoistamme (elative plural)
emoomme (illative singular)
emoihimme (illative plural)
emollamme (adessive singular)
emoillamme (adessive plural)
emoltamme (ablative singular)
emoiltamme (ablative plural)
emollemme (allative singular)
emoillemme (allative plural)
emonamme (essive singular)
emoinamme (essive plural)
emoksemme (singular translative)
emoiksemme (plural translative)
emottamme (abessive singular)
emoittamme (abessive plural)
emoinemme (comitative plural)
emonne (nominative singular)
emonne (nominative plural)
emonne (accusative nominative singular)
emonne (accusative nominative plural)
emonne (accusative genitive singular)
emonne (accusative genitive plural)
emonne (genitive singular)
emojenne (genitive plural)
emoanne (partitive singular)
emojanne (partitive plural)
emossanne (inessive singular)
emoissanne (inessive plural)
emostanne (elative singular)
emoistanne (elative plural)
emoonne (illative singular)
emoihinne (illative plural)
emollanne (adessive singular)
emoillanne (adessive plural)
emoltanne (ablative singular)
emoiltanne (ablative plural)
emollenne (allative singular)
emoillenne (allative plural)
emonanne (essive singular)
emoinanne (essive plural)
emoksenne (singular translative)
emoiksenne (plural translative)
emottanne (abessive singular)
emoittanne (abessive plural)
emoinenne (comitative plural)
emonsa (nominative singular)
emonsa (nominative plural)
emonsa (accusative nominative singular)
emonsa (accusative nominative plural)
emonsa (accusative genitive singular)
emonsa (accusative genitive plural)
emonsa (genitive singular)
emojensa (genitive plural)
emoaan (partitive singular)
emoansa (partitive singular)
emojaan (partitive plural)
emojansa (partitive plural)
emossaan (inessive singular)
emossansa (inessive singular)
emoissaan (inessive plural)
emoissansa (inessive plural)
emostaan (elative singular)
emostansa (elative singular)
emoistaan (elative plural)
emoistansa (elative plural)
emoonsa (illative singular)
emoihinsa (illative plural)
emollaan (adessive singular)
emollansa (adessive singular)
emoillaan (adessive plural)
emoillansa (adessive plural)
emoltaan (ablative singular)
emoltansa (ablative singular)
emoiltaan (ablative plural)
emoiltansa (ablative plural)
emolleen (allative singular)
emollensa (allative singular)
emoilleen (allative plural)
emoillensa (allative plural)
emonaan (essive singular)
emonansa (essive singular)
emoinaan (essive plural)
emoinansa (essive plural)
emokseen (singular translative)
emoksensa (singular translative)
emoikseen (plural translative)
emoiksensa (plural translative)
emottaan (abessive singular)
emottansa (abessive singular)
emoittaan (abessive plural)
emoittansa (abessive plural)
emoineen (comitative plural)
emoinensa (comitative plural)

table
emä (“mother (archaic), womb”) + -o

(archaic or poetic) mother (human female parent)


illume

en-verb

illume (third-person singular simple present illumes, present participle illuming, simple past and past participle illumed)

illumes (present singular third-person)
illuming (participle present)
illumed (participle past)
illumed (past)

How dread the thunder's peal that rolls above !
How bright the flashes that illume the sky !

1819, Samuel Mcpherson Janney, “The last of the Lenapé, and Other Poems”, in Electricity

At night there is no light in this building, but searchlights from distant points illume the splendid dome and the colonnades.

1915, Alfred Emanuel Smith, New Outlook, volume 109

(archaic, usually poetic or figurative) To throw or spread light upon; to make light or bright.


illume

Till lo! at once broad through the gloom, / The lightnings flash’d their dread illume, / Full on a rock by copse embound, / And tore and whirl’d its ruins round; […]

1838, James Struthers, “The Woes of Separation. A Tale. Addressed to Separation.”, in Poetic Tales: with Other Poems and Songs, Glasgow: […] Bell and Bain, part IV, page 37

What, in the glowing constellation / Of gem-thoughts studding all high aspire throughout the ages / More truly is the lamp / Lit in the illume of the empyrean / That brightest gleams / Athwart the darksome way of every questor / Intent upon the holy mount of Truth?

1887, anonymous author, “The Finding”, in Apotheosis of an Ideal. An Interior-Life Drama., Boston, Mass.: […] [David Clapp and Son], →OCLC, pages 38–39

The silver on the leaves, the clover in the mist, / The light Acadian troll of winging lutanist; / Along an orchard’s path the fireweed’s orange flare, / Upon a mood’s gloom the illume of turquoise air.

1913, Mary Robertine Stokes, “These Dear Old Fields of Kent”, in On a Green Slope: […], Boston, Mass.: Richard G. Badger, The Gorham Press, page 30

(archaic, usually poetic or figurative) Illumination.


ganger

head

ganger c (singular definite gangeren, plural indefinite gangere)

gangeren (definite singular)
gangere (indefinite plural)
ganger (indefinite nominative singular)
gangeren (definite nominative singular)
gangere (indefinite nominative plural)
gangerne (definite nominative plural)
gangers (genitive indefinite singular)
gangerens (definite genitive singular)
gangeres (genitive indefinite plural)
gangernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse gangari (spelt also as gangvari).


holm

holmas (nominative plural)
holm (nominative singular)
holmas (nominative plural)
holm (accusative singular)
holmas (accusative plural)
holmes (genitive singular)
holma (genitive plural)
holme (dative singular)
holmum (dative plural)

Middle English: holm, holme

English: holm

Scots: holm, houm

From Proto-West Germanic *holm (“island”), though the meaning was influenced by Old Norse holmr.
Cognate with Old Saxon holm (German Holm), Old Dutch holm (Dutch holm); also Latin culmen (“peak”); compare culminate.

Ða wæs heofonweardes gast ofer holm boren.

The spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.


oft

en-adv

oft (comparative ofter, superlative oftest)

ofter (comparative)
oftest (superlative)

From Middle English oft (also ofte, often > Modern English often), from Old English oft (“often”), from Proto-West Germanic *oftu, *oftō, from Proto-Germanic *uftō (“often”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian oafte (“oft, often”), West Frisian oft, ofte (“oft, often”), Dutch oft (“oft, often”), German oft (“oft, often”). More at often.

An oft-told tale

1819, George Gordon Byron, John Galt (biography), The Pophecy of Dante, Canto the Fourth, 1857, The Complete Works of Lord Byron, Volume 1, page 403,
And how is it that they, the sons of fame,
Whose inspiration seems to them to shine
From high, they whom the nations oftest name,
Must pass their days in penury or pain,
Or step to grandeur through the paths of shame,
And wear a deeper brand and gaudier chain?

1902, James H. Mulligan, In Kentucky, quoted in 2005, Wade Hall (editor), The Kentucky Anthology, page 203,
The moonlight falls the softest
In Kentucky;
The summer days come oftest
In Kentucky;

(chiefly poetic, dialectal, and in combination) often; frequently; not rarely

често

often; frequently; not rarely; many times


lacuna

la-noun

lacūna f (genitive lacūnae); first declension

lacūna (canonical feminine)
lacūnae (genitive)
lacūna (nominative singular)
lacūnae (nominative plural)
lacūnae (genitive singular)
lacūnārum (genitive plural)
lacūnae (dative singular)
lacūnīs (dative plural)
lacūnam (accusative singular)
lacūnās (accusative plural)
lacūnā (ablative singular)
lacūnīs (ablative plural)
lacūna (singular vocative)
lacūnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: llaguna

Catalan: llacuna

→ English: lacuna

desctree

→ French: lacune
→ English: lacune
→ Romanian: lacună

Galician: lagoa

Italian: laguna
→ French: lagune
→ Danish: lagune
→ Dutch: lagune
→ English: lagoon
→ Portuguese: laguna
→ Romanian: lagună

→ Italian: lacuna

Occitan: lòna, lagua, laguna

Portuguese: lagoa, → lacuna

→ Russian: лакуна (lakuna)

Spanish: laguna

Venetian: łaguna

Alfred Ernout
Antoine Meillet
fr:Jacques André

According to Alfred Ernout and Antoine Meillet, from the feminine substantivation of an unattested adjectival form *lacūnus (pertaining to a lake, cistern), itself from lacus (“a lake, pond; a basin, tank, cistern”) + -nus (see -īnus). For the u-stem-appended -nus adjectival suffix compare opportūnus and importūnus, from portus. For its substantivation, probably from the clipping of the set-phrase "lacuna aqua" (cistern water), compare urīna with the same development.

affix

see <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-īnus</i>

[…], unde cavae tepido sudant umore lacunae.

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 1.117

[…], whence the great hollows (the cavity of the torrent) sweat of a tepid moisture.

(literal, chiefly poetic) a hole, pit, ditch; (especially) a pool, pond

[…], ut ne habeant lacunas nec extantes tumulos, […]

c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 7.1.4

[…], in such a way that they bear no holes nor protruding parts, […]

(generally) an opening, cavity, hollow, cleft, chasm


haiku

haiku (nominative singular)
haiut (nominative plural)
haiku (accusative nominative singular)
haiut (accusative nominative plural)
haiun (accusative genitive singular)
haiut (accusative genitive plural)
haiun (genitive singular)
haikujen (genitive plural)
haikua (partitive singular)
haikuja (partitive plural)
haiussa (inessive singular)
haiuissa (inessive plural)
haiusta (elative singular)
haiuista (elative plural)
haikuun (illative singular)
haikuihin (illative plural)
haiulla (adessive singular)
haiuilla (adessive plural)
haiulta (ablative singular)
haiuilta (ablative plural)
haiulle (allative singular)
haiuille (allative plural)
haikuna (essive singular)
haikuina (essive plural)
haiuksi (singular translative)
haiuiksi (plural translative)
haiutta (abessive singular)
haiuitta (abessive plural)
haiuin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
haikuni (nominative singular)
haikuni (nominative plural)
haikuni (accusative nominative singular)
haikuni (accusative nominative plural)
haikuni (accusative genitive singular)
haikuni (accusative genitive plural)
haikuni (genitive singular)
haikujeni (genitive plural)
haikuani (partitive singular)
haikujani (partitive plural)
haiussani (inessive singular)
haiuissani (inessive plural)
haiustani (elative singular)
haiuistani (elative plural)
haikuuni (illative singular)
haikuihini (illative plural)
haiullani (adessive singular)
haiuillani (adessive plural)
haiultani (ablative singular)
haiuiltani (ablative plural)
haiulleni (allative singular)
haiuilleni (allative plural)
haikunani (essive singular)
haikuinani (essive plural)
haiukseni (singular translative)
haiuikseni (plural translative)
haiuttani (abessive singular)
haiuittani (abessive plural)
haikuineni (comitative plural)
haikusi (nominative singular)
haikusi (nominative plural)
haikusi (accusative nominative singular)
haikusi (accusative nominative plural)
haikusi (accusative genitive singular)
haikusi (accusative genitive plural)
haikusi (genitive singular)
haikujesi (genitive plural)
haikuasi (partitive singular)
haikujasi (partitive plural)
haiussasi (inessive singular)
haiuissasi (inessive plural)
haiustasi (elative singular)
haiuistasi (elative plural)
haikuusi (illative singular)
haikuihisi (illative plural)
haiullasi (adessive singular)
haiuillasi (adessive plural)
haiultasi (ablative singular)
haiuiltasi (ablative plural)
haiullesi (allative singular)
haiuillesi (allative plural)
haikunasi (essive singular)
haikuinasi (essive plural)
haiuksesi (singular translative)
haiuiksesi (plural translative)
haiuttasi (abessive singular)
haiuittasi (abessive plural)
haikuinesi (comitative plural)
haikumme (nominative singular)
haikumme (nominative plural)
haikumme (accusative nominative singular)
haikumme (accusative nominative plural)
haikumme (accusative genitive singular)
haikumme (accusative genitive plural)
haikumme (genitive singular)
haikujemme (genitive plural)
haikuamme (partitive singular)
haikujamme (partitive plural)
haiussamme (inessive singular)
haiuissamme (inessive plural)
haiustamme (elative singular)
haiuistamme (elative plural)
haikuumme (illative singular)
haikuihimme (illative plural)
haiullamme (adessive singular)
haiuillamme (adessive plural)
haiultamme (ablative singular)
haiuiltamme (ablative plural)
haiullemme (allative singular)
haiuillemme (allative plural)
haikunamme (essive singular)
haikuinamme (essive plural)
haiuksemme (singular translative)
haiuiksemme (plural translative)
haiuttamme (abessive singular)
haiuittamme (abessive plural)
haikuinemme (comitative plural)
haikunne (nominative singular)
haikunne (nominative plural)
haikunne (accusative nominative singular)
haikunne (accusative nominative plural)
haikunne (accusative genitive singular)
haikunne (accusative genitive plural)
haikunne (genitive singular)
haikujenne (genitive plural)
haikuanne (partitive singular)
haikujanne (partitive plural)
haiussanne (inessive singular)
haiuissanne (inessive plural)
haiustanne (elative singular)
haiuistanne (elative plural)
haikuunne (illative singular)
haikuihinne (illative plural)
haiullanne (adessive singular)
haiuillanne (adessive plural)
haiultanne (ablative singular)
haiuiltanne (ablative plural)
haiullenne (allative singular)
haiuillenne (allative plural)
haikunanne (essive singular)
haikuinanne (essive plural)
haiuksenne (singular translative)
haiuiksenne (plural translative)
haiuttanne (abessive singular)
haiuittanne (abessive plural)
haikuinenne (comitative plural)
haikunsa (nominative singular)
haikunsa (nominative plural)
haikunsa (accusative nominative singular)
haikunsa (accusative nominative plural)
haikunsa (accusative genitive singular)
haikunsa (accusative genitive plural)
haikunsa (genitive singular)
haikujensa (genitive plural)
haikuaan (partitive singular)
haikuansa (partitive singular)
haikujaan (partitive plural)
haikujansa (partitive plural)
haiussaan (inessive singular)
haiussansa (inessive singular)
haiuissaan (inessive plural)
haiuissansa (inessive plural)
haiustaan (elative singular)
haiustansa (elative singular)
haiuistaan (elative plural)
haiuistansa (elative plural)
haikuunsa (illative singular)
haikuihinsa (illative plural)
haiullaan (adessive singular)
haiullansa (adessive singular)
haiuillaan (adessive plural)
haiuillansa (adessive plural)
haiultaan (ablative singular)
haiultansa (ablative singular)
haiuiltaan (ablative plural)
haiuiltansa (ablative plural)
haiulleen (allative singular)
haiullensa (allative singular)
haiuilleen (allative plural)
haiuillensa (allative plural)
haikunaan (essive singular)
haikunansa (essive singular)
haikuinaan (essive plural)
haikuinansa (essive plural)
haiukseen (singular translative)
haiuksensa (singular translative)
haiuikseen (plural translative)
haiuiksensa (plural translative)
haiuttaan (abessive singular)
haiuttansa (abessive singular)
haiuittaan (abessive plural)
haiuittansa (abessive plural)
haikuineen (comitative plural)
haikuinensa (comitative plural)

table
From dialectal haika + -u, from Proto-Finnic *haika, from Proto-Finno-Permic *šajka; cognates include Estonian haige (~ haikea) and Lule Sami suoikē.

Tänne ihminen katoaa huomaamattomaksi, kuin tuo nuotion mitätön haiku iltataivaalle.

Here a man vanishes into nothingness, like that tiny strand of smoke from the campfire to the evening sky.


mew

From Middle English mewe, mowe, meau, from Old English mǣw, from Proto-West Germanic *maiwī, from Proto-Germanic *mai(h)waz (“seagull”). See also West Frisian meau, miuw, Dutch meeuw, German Möwe; akin to Latvian maût (“to roar”), Old Church Slavonic мꙑꙗти (myjati, “to mew”).

From helm to sea they saw him leap, / As arrow from the string, / And dive into the water deep, / As mew upon the wing.

1954, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring

(archaic, poetic, dialectal) A gull, seagull.


hurtle

en-verb

hurtle (third-person singular simple present hurtles, present participle hurtling, simple past and past participle hurtled)

hurtles (present singular third-person)
hurtling (participle present)
hurtled (participle past)
hurtled (past)
hurtle (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Middle English hurtelen, hurtlen (“to cast, hurl, throw; to charge at; to clash in combat, fight; to collide; to injure; to knock down; to propel, push, thrust; to rush; to stumble”) [and other forms], from hurten (“to injure, wound, hurt (physically or figuratively); to damage, impair; to hurt one’s feelings, humiliate; to receive an injury; to collide into; to propel, push, thrust; to stumble”) (see further at English hurt (verb)) + -el-, -elen (frequentative suffix). The English word is analysable as hurt (“(obsolete) to knock; to strike”) + -le (frequentative suffix).
The noun is derived from the verb.

suffix

He hurtled the wad of paper angrily at the trash can and missed by a mile.

Away, thou east wind, snarling like a scold! / […] / Now, like sheep-shearer, from some mountain fold, / Thou hurtlest air with twisting, fleecy flakes / Of martial snow, that like a tyrant bold, / His pleasure in his neighbour's vineyard takes, / Nor careth for the wreck that everywhere he makes.

1882, Charles Miller, “The Delaying Spring”, in The Three Scholars and Other Poems, Edinburgh: Andrew Elliot, […], →OCLC, page 58

To propel or throw (something) hard or violently; to fling, to hurl.

въ́ркам

to propel or throw (something) hard or violently — see also fling, hurl

To cause (someone or something) to collide with or hit another person or thing; or (two people or things) to collide with or hit each other.

törmäyttää

to cause (someone or something) to collide with or hit another person or thing; or (two people or things) to collide with or hit each other

(figuratively) To attack or criticize (someone) verbally or in writing.

soimata

to attack or criticize (someone) verbally or in writing

The car hurtled down the hill at 90 miles per hour.

Pieces of broken glass hurtled through the air.

To move rapidly, violently, or without control, especially in a noisy manner.

профучавам

to move rapidly, violently, or without control

Of a person or thing: to collide with or hit another person or thing, especially with force or violence; also, of two people or things: to collide together; to clash.

törmätä

of a person or thing: to collide with or hit another person or thing, especially with force or violence

The greater number abandon their untenable position of hardihood, and seek a shelter when the terrible storm hurtleth in the heavens, and they see its dismal preparation.

1823, Edward Irving, “Of Judgment to Come. Part IX. The Review of the Whole Argument, with an Endeavour to Bring It home to the Sons of Men.”, in For the Oracles of God, Four Orations. For Judgment to Come, an Argument, in Nine Parts, 2nd edition, London: […] T. Hamilton, […], →OCLC, page 535

To make a sound of things clashing or colliding together; to clatter, to rattle; hence, to move with such a sound.

гръ́мот

to make a sound of things clashing or colliding together; to move with such a sound — see also clatter, rattle

(figuratively) Of two people, etc.: to meet in a shocking or violent encounter; to clash; to jostle.

сблъсквам се

of two people, etc.: to meet in a shocking or violent encounter — see also clash, jostle


hurtle

en-noun

hurtle (countable and uncountable, plural hurtles)

(countable) An act of colliding with or hitting; a collision.

[T]he war woke me up, I began to move left, and recent events have accelerated that move until it is now a hurtle.

1975, William Howard Gass, quotee, “GASS, WILLIAM H(OWARD)”, in edited by John Wakeman, World Authors 1950–1970 […] (Authors Series), New York, N.Y.: The H[alsey] W[illiam] Wilson Company, page 538, column 1

(countable, also figuratively) A rapid or uncontrolled movement; a dash, a rush.

There came a hurtle of wings, a flash of bright feathers, and a great pigeon with slate-grey plumage and a neck bright as an opal, lit on a swaying finial.

1913, Eden Phillpotts, chapter IV, in Widecombe Fair, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 26

(countable) A sound of clashing or colliding; a clattering, a rattling.

(uncountable, figuratively) (Violent) disagreement; conflict.


lea

leae (genitive)
lea (nominative singular)
leae (nominative plural)
leae (genitive singular)
leārum (genitive plural)
leae (dative singular)
leīs (dative plural)
leam (accusative singular)
leās (accusative plural)
leā (ablative singular)
leīs (ablative plural)
lea (singular vocative)
leae (plural vocative)


washy

Swishy, swishy, swashy. Give your hands a washy.

(childish or poetic, rare) A wash, an act of washing.


spica

(poetic, archaic) Alternative form of spiga; ear (of corn); spike


wold

English: wold, weald, wald

Scots: wald

From Old English weald, wald (“high land covered with wood, woods, forest”), from Proto-West Germanic *walþu, from Proto-Germanic *walþuz.


lac

la-noun

lac n sg (genitive lactis); third declension

lactis (genitive)
lac (nominative singular)
lactis (genitive singular)
lactī (dative singular)
lac (accusative singular)
lacte (ablative singular)
lac (singular vocative)

Late Latin: lactis (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ English: lactic, lact(o)-

→ Esperanto: lakto

Ido: lakto

→ Interlingua: lacte

From lact by simplification of a word-final sequence of two plosives (the variant nominative/accusative form lacte shows the addition of a vowel as an alternative). The etymology is controversial: there is no consensus on the cognate set, the manner of descent (inheritance vs. borrowing), or the form and ultimate origin of the etymon. Possible cognates include Ancient Greek γάλα, γᾰ́λᾰκτ-/γᾰ́λᾰκ- (gála, gálakt-/gálak-, “milk”), Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn, “milk”) (or perhaps only its variant form Old Armenian *կաղց (*kałcʻ), reconstructed as the ancestor of modern dialectal Armenian կախց (kaxcʻ)) Hittite 𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻 (galaktar, “balm, resin”), Albanian dhallë (“buttermilk”), Romanian zară (“buttermilk”) and Waigali zōr (“milk”).
More information
Pokorny reconstructs the Latin and Greek words as inherited from Proto-Indo-European *glakt n from a root *glag- or *glak-. De Vaan derives the Latin, Greek and Armenian forms from Proto-Indo-European *gl̥gt-, and follows Meiser in explaining the loss of initial *g- in Latin as a result of long-distance dissimilation. Per Nielsen, the Latin and Greek words can be derived from *glakt-, Old Armenian *կաղց (*kałcʻ) can be derived from *g(a)l(ḱ)t- (requiring an initial non-palatal velar), and Albanian dhallë can perhaps be derived from *ǵal(K)- (requiring an initial palatal velar); on the basis of the variability in the initial consonant and the unusual root structure, Nielsen considers the root to be non-Indo-European in origin.
There have been attempts to derive the word instead from the root *h₂melǵ- (“milk”).
* Garnier, Sagart and Sagot 2017 cite Garnier 2016's reconstruction of a verb *ambĭ-blactāre (“to milk with both hands”) > *amblactāre, supposing this was subsequently reanalyzed as *amb-lactāre and lost the prefix to yield the attested verb lactāre. The noun lac(t) would then derive by back-formation from the verb lactāre.

cog

γάλα, γᾰ́λᾰκτ-/γᾰ́λᾰκ-

Forte sub umbrosis nemorosae vallibus Idae
candidus, armenti gloria, taurus erat,
signatus tenui media inter cornua nigro;

2 CE, Publius Ovidius Naso, Ars Amatoria I.290

As fortune had it, in the shadowy valleys of forested Ida,
there was a white bull, the glory of its herd,
marked by slightly black colour between its horns;
the blemish was (only) one, the rest were milk-white.


whelm

From Middle English whelmen (“to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down”), perhaps from Old English *hwealmnian, a variant of *hwealfnian, from hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwalb, from Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve”). The English word is cognate with German Walm (“a vaulted roof”), Icelandic hvolf (“vaulted ceiling”), Dutch welven (“to arch”), German wölben (“to bend, curve; to arch”), Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn”), Old Saxon bihwelvian (“to cover; to hide”), Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, hollow, gulf”).
The noun is derived from the verb.

cog

the whelm of the tide

I wonder about things and the people between us. The currents, the feedback, and the whelms. The sharp cracks between trees, and the tolling between the knees.

2004, Clark Coolidge, chapter XIII, in Mine: The One that Enters the Stories, Great Barrington, Mass.: The Figures, page 75

[...] I stood waiting, glad of a first tremor / Then caught up in the now-or-never whelm / Of one and all the full length of the train.

2006, Seamus Heaney, District and Circle, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, page 19

As our country developed, the clash of new immigrating cultures were all positioning themselves throughout the United States and their political leaders were individually striving for their own egotistical whelm of power [...]

2012, Richard Secklin, “Introduction”, in Marijuana for Parkinson’s Disease: Cannabis Research & the Miracle Plant for Parkinson’s, [United States]: Nettfit Publishing

(poetic, also figuratively) A surge of water.

נַחְשׁוֹל

(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water


barque

From Middle English barke (“boat”), borrowed from Middle French barque, itself borrowed from Italian barca or a Medieval Latin equivalent, from Late Latin barca, from Vulgar Latin barica, from Ancient Greek βᾶρις (bâris) 'Egyptian boat', from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Demotic br, from Egyptian bꜣjr (“transport ship, type of fish”), b-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1. Doublet of bark, barge and baris. Possibly cognate with Spanish barco.

der

Barque of phosphor
On the palmy beach…

1922 (first published 1923-09-07), Wallace Stevens, Fabliau of Florida, from collection Harmonium

(poetic) A sailing vessel or boat of any kind.


pall

From Middle English pal, palle, from Old English pæl, pæll, from Old French paile and Latin pallium (“cloak; covering”) (and thus a doublet of pallium), probably from palla (“piece of cloth worn as apparel”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; hide, skin; cloth”)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns).

(archaic, poetic) Fine cloth, especially purple cloth used for robes.


mere

mere (nominative singular)
meras (nominative plural)
mere (accusative singular)
meras (accusative plural)
meres (genitive singular)
mera (genitive plural)
mere (dative singular)
merum (dative plural)

Middle English: mere

English: mere

Scots: mere

From Proto-West Germanic *mari (“sea, lake”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian mere (West Frisian mar), Old Saxon meri (Low German Meer), Dutch meer, Old High German meri (German Meer), Old Norse marr (Swedish mar). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin mare, Old Irish muir (Breton mor), Old Church Slavonic море (more) (Russian мо́ре (móre)), Lithuanian mãre.


ere

From Middle English er, from Old English ǣr (adverb, conjunction, and preposition), from Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz, comparative of Proto-Germanic *airi (“early”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyeri (“day, morning”) (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬫𐬀𐬭 (ayar, “day”), Gk. ἠέριος (ēérios, “at daybreak”), see also era, Albanian herët (“early in the morning, at daybreak”) ). The adverb erstwhile retains the Old English superlative ǣrest (“earliest”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eer (“before”), Dutch eer (“before, sooner than”), German ehe (“before”).


iris

irises (plural)
iris (plural)
irides (plural)

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). If so, it would be cognate to English wire.

der

(poetic) A rainbow, or other colourful refraction of light.


breech

en-verb

breech (third-person singular simple present breeches, present participle breeching, simple past and past participle breeched)

breeches (present singular third-person)
breeching (participle present)
breeched (participle past)
breeched (past)

From Middle English breche, from Old English brēċ, from Proto-Germanic *brōkiz pl, from Proto-Germanic *brōks (“clothing for loins and thighs”). Cognate with Dutch broek, Alemannic German Bruech, Swedish brok. Doublet of vraka.

der

(poetic, transitive, obsolete) To cover as if with breeches.


grail

Uncertain; perhaps a reduced form of gravel.

(poetic) Small particles of earth; gravel.


fellow

en-verb

fellow (third-person singular simple present fellows, present participle fellowing, simple past and past participle fellowed)

fellows (present singular third-person)
fellowing (participle present)
fellowed (participle past)
fellowed (past)

From Middle English felauen, felow (“to join (someone) in companionship, friendship, partnership, etc.”) [and other forms], from felowe, felau, felawe (noun): see etymology 1.

(chiefly passive voice, poetic, archaic) To equal (someone or something); also, to cause or find someone or something to be equal to (some other person or thing).

Some fevv there vvere left all to follovv Him: / Eſteeming all to baſe to fellovv Him: / And joyfully receiv'd Him as their Lord, / Deriving their ſalvation from his VVord, […]

1628, I[oseph] F[letcher], “The Blessed Man, Setting-forth Mans Felicitie, in that His Regeneration is Procured”, in The Historie of the Perfect-Cursed-Blessed Man: […], London: […] M[iles] Flesher, […], →OCLC, page 57

(poetic) To associate or go together with (someone or something); to become a partner of (someone or something).

(intransitive, poetic, obsolete) Followed by with: to associate or join with a person or thing in companionship or a partnership.


gaze

gaze (third-person singular simple present gazes, present participle gazing, simple past and past participle gazed)

gazes (present singular third-person)
gazing (participle present)
gazed (participle past)
gazed (past)

From Middle English gasen; akin to Swedish dialectal gasa and Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan, “to terrify”).

cog

I searched for form and land
For years and years I roamed
I gazed a gazeless stare.

1970, David Bowie, The Man Who Sold the World


fader

faderen (definite singular)
fedrar (indefinite plural)
fedrane (definite plural)
fader (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
faderen (accusative definite nominative singular)
feder (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
federne (accusative definite nominative plural)
fadere (dative definite singular)
fedrom (dative definite plural)
faders (genitive in-compounds indefinite singular)
fedre (genitive in-compounds indefinite plural)

nn-decl-blank-full

fader

From Old Norse faðir, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.


hie

en-verb

hie (third-person singular simple present hies, present participle hying or hieing, simple past and past participle hied)

hies (present singular third-person)
hying (participle present)
hieing (participle present)
hied (participle past)
hied (past)

From Middle English hien, hyen, highen, heiȝen, hiȝen, from Old English hīgian (“to hie, hasten, strive”), from Proto-West Germanic *hīgōn, from Proto-Germanic *hīgōną (“to breathe, snort”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱēygʰ- (“swift, fierce, violent”).
Cognate with Dutch hijgen (“to pant”), German heichen (“to choke, gasp for breath”), Danish hige (“to aspire, long”), Latin cieō (“set in motion, invoke, provoke”), Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “move, set in motion”).

cog

Hath pleased you, and eased you, and sweet slumber seized you. And now to bed I hie.

1605, “Rest Sweet Nymphs”, Francis Pilkington (music)

(intransitive, poetic) To hasten; to go quickly, to hurry.

Some have conjectured hastily that all Southerners in town hie themselves to cafés at nightfall.


mellow

en-adj

mellow (comparative mellower or more mellow, superlative mellowest or most mellow)

mellower (comparative)
more mellow (comparative)
mellowest (superlative)
most mellow (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English melowe, melwe (“ripe, mellow; juicy; sweet”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, possibly:
* from an attributive use of melow, melowe, melewe, mele (“meal from ground grain or legumes; flour; kernel of barley or lentils”) [and other forms], from Old English melo, melu (“meal (edible part of a grain or pulse); flour”), from Proto-Germanic *melwą (“ground corn; meal; flour”), from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to crush; to grind”); or
* a variant of Middle English merow, merowe, meruw (“soft, tender; of a person: frail; of love: unstable, variable”) [and other forms], from Old English meru, mearu (“soft, tender; delicate, frail; callow”) [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *marwaz (“soft, mellow; brittle, delicate”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer(w)- (“to rub; to pack”).
The noun and verb are both derived from the adjective. The etymology of noun sense 3 (“close friend; lover”) is unknown, but may also be derived from the adjective.
cognates
* Dutch murw (“tender”)
* German mürbe (“soft, tender”)
* German Low German möör (“tender”)
* Old Norse mör (“tender; aching”) (Icelandic meyr (“tender”))
* Saterland Frisian muur (“tender”)
* West Frisian murf (“tender”)

nb...

mearewe, mearuw, mereuh, meru, meruwe, meruȝ, meruʒ, merwe, (Early Middle English) mearwe

inh

Nor autumn yet had bruſh'd from ev'ry ſpray, / With her chill hand, the mellow leaves away; […]

1792, [William] Cowper, “The Needless Alarm. A Tale.”, in The Speaker: Or, Miscellaneous Pieces, Selected from the Best English Writers, and Disposed under Proper Heads, with a View to Facilitate the Improvement of Youth in Reading and Speaking. […], new edition, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 70

(of leaves, seeds, plants, etc.) Mature; of crops: ready to be harvested; ripe.

(of a place, or the climate or weather) Fruitful and warm.


intellectual

en-adj

intellectual (comparative more intellectual, superlative most intellectual)

more intellectual (comparative)
most intellectual (superlative)

/ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

/ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃəl/

From Old French intellectuel, from Latin intellectualis.

I deem not profitless those fleeting moods / Of shadowy exultation; not for this, / That they are kindred to our purer mind / And intellectual life […]

1805, William Wordsworth, The Prelude, Book II, lines 331-334 (eds. Jonathan Wordsworth, M. H. Abrams, & Stephen Gill, published by W. W. Norton & Company, 1979)


swain

From Middle English swayn, swain, sweyn, swein, from Old English sweġen (attested also as personal name Swein, Sweġen), from Old Norse sveinn, from Proto-Germanic *swainaz (“relative, young man, servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself; separate; apart”), thus properly one's own.
Cognate with Danish svend (“hireling, young man”), Norwegian svein (“lad, young man, servant”) Icelandic sveinn (“boy, lad, servant”), Swedish sven (“swain, servant”), Low German Sween, dialectal German Schwein, Old English swān (“swineherd, lad”).

cog

You're the belle of the ball, and these are all your swains, hoping for a glimpse of ankle.

2016 Zack Woods (as Donald "Jared" Dunn), "Founder Friendly", Silicon Valley episode 19

(poetic) A rural lover; a male sweetheart in a pastoral setting.


steed

Inherited from Middle English stede (“steed”), from Old English stēda (“stallion, stud”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōdijō; (compare Old Dutch stoti (“herd of horses”), Old High German stuot (“herd of horses”)).

cog

The torch-eyed ſavage, with growl tremendous, riſing up, diſlocated at one blow the arched neck of Sadit's Arabian ſteed, and brought the unfortunate omrah to the duſt, expiring between his extended claws.

1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page 7

(archaic, poetic) A stallion, especially in the sense of mount.


sheen

en-adj

sheen (comparative sheener, superlative sheenest)

sheener (comparative)
sheenest (superlative)

From Middle English shene, schene, from Old English sċīene (“beautiful, fair, bright, brilliant, light”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz (“beautiful”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁-.
Cognate with Scots schene, scheine (“beautiful, fair, attractive”), Saterland Frisian skeen (“clean, pure”), West Frisian skjin (“nice, clean”), Dutch schoon (“clean, beautiful, fair”), German schön (“beautiful”), Danish skøn (“beautiful”), Norwegian Bokmål skjønn (“beautiful”), Norwegian Nynorsk skjønn (“beautiful”), Swedish skön (“beautiful, fine”). Compare also the loanword Finnish kaunis (“beautiful”). See also English show.

inh

Where the fountains glisten sheenest […] (ch. 12).

(rare, poetic) Beautiful, good-looking, attractive; radiant; shiny.


sheen

en-verb

sheen (third-person singular simple present sheens, present participle sheening, simple past and past participle sheened)

sheens (present singular third-person)
sheening (participle present)
sheened (participle past)
sheened (past)

(rare, intransitive, poetic) To shine; to glisten.


inwreathe

inwreathe (third-person singular simple present inwreathes, present participle inwreathing, simple past and past participle inwreathed)

inwreathes (present singular third-person)
inwreathing (participle present)
inwreathed (participle past)
inwreathed (past)

Nor less the palm of peace inwreathes thy brow

1726, James Thomson, “Autumn”, in The Seasons

It was far down the afternoon; and when all the spearings of the crimson fight were done: and floating in the lovely sunset sea and sky, sun and whale both stilly died together; then, such a sweetness and such plaintiveness, such inwreathing orisons curled up in that rosy air, that it almost seemed as if far over from the deep green convent valleys of the Manilla isles, the Spanish land-breeze, wantonly turned sailor, had gone to sea, freighted with these vesper hymns.

Nor diamonds inwreathed with the braids of her hair.

1883, George Kent, “Love's Wreath”, in The Granite Monthly: A New Hampshire Magazine, volume 6, page 306

(transitive, obsolete, poetic) To surround or encompass as with a wreath.


fret

fret (third-person singular simple present frets, present participle fretting, simple past fretted or fret or frate, past participle fretted or (usually in compounds) fretten)

frets (present singular third-person)
fretting (participle present)
fretted (past)
fret (past)
frate (past)
fretted (participle past)
fretten (in-compounds participle past usually)

table
From Middle English frēten (“to eat (at), corrode, destroy, annoy”), from Old English fretan (“to eat up, devour; to fret; to break, burst”), from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną (“to consume, devour, eat up”), from Proto-Germanic *fra- (“for-, prefix meaning ‘completely, fully’”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forward, toward”)) + *etaną (“to eat”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)).
The senses meaning “to chafe, rub” could also be due to sound-association with Anglo-Norman *freiter (modern dialectal French fretter), from Vulgar Latin *frictāre, frequentative of Latin fricāre, from fricō (“to chafe, rub”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”); compare Old French froter (modern French frotter). The chief difficulty is the lack of evidence of the Old French word.
cognates
*Dutch vreten, fretten (“to devour, hog, wolf”)
*Low German freten (“to eat up”)
*German fressen (“to devour, gobble up, guzzle”)
*Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan, “to devour”)
*Swedish fräta (“to eat away, corrode, fret”)
*Danish fråse (“to gorge”)

cog

Their hearts alreadie fretted and cankered at the very roote, for the last disgrace received.

1609, Ammianus Marcellinus, chapter XIV, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Roman Historie, containing Such Acts and Occurrents as Passed under Constantius, Iulianus, Iovianus, Valentinianus, and Valens, Emperours, book IX, London: Printed by Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 322

And could we let a Light into their Bosoms, we should see them generally fretted and cankered with this secret and corroding Venom.

1727–1728, Mather Byles et al., edited by Bruce [Ingham] Granger, Proteus Echo (1727–28): A Series of Essays and Poems … that Appeared in the New-England Weekly Journal … (History of Psychology Series; 420), Delmar, N.Y.: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, published 1986, page 75

(transitive, obsolete or poetic) Especially when describing animals: to consume, devour, or eat.


ingrate

en-adj

ingrate (comparative more ingrate, superlative most ingrate)

more ingrate (comparative)
most ingrate (superlative)

From Latin ingrātus (“disagreeable”), in- (“not”) + grātus (“pleasing”).

thou art among the stars / of highest Heaven: to the rolling spheres / Thou sweetly singest: naught thy hymning mars, / Above the ingrate world and human fears.

c. 1820, John Keats, Sonnet to Chatterton; published 1901 in The Poetical Works of John Keats in "The World's Classics", reprinted (New edition) 1927, London: Oxford University Press, p. 261


stark

stark (comparative starker, superlative starkest)

starker (comparative)
starkest (superlative)

From Middle English stark, starc, from Old English stearc, starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”), from Proto-West Germanic *stark, from Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”), Dutch sterk (“strong”), Low German sterk (“strong”), German stark (“strong”), Danish stærk (“strong”), Swedish stark (“strong”), Norwegian sterk (“strong”), Icelandic sterkur (“strong”). Related to starch.
In the phrase stark naked: an alternation of Middle English stert naked, from stert (“tail”), a literal parallel to the modern butt naked.

der

stock (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

(poetic, literary or archaic) Strong; vigorous; powerful.


lieben

de-verb

lieben (weak, third-person singular present liebt, past tense liebte, past participle geliebt, auxiliary haben)

liebt (present singular third-person)
liebte (past)
geliebt (participle past)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
lieben (infinitive)
liebend (participle present)
geliebt (participle past)
liebe (first-person indicative present singular)
lieben (first-person indicative plural present)
liebe (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
lieben (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
liebst (indicative present second-person singular)
liebt (indicative plural present second-person)
liebest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
liebet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
liebt (indicative present singular third-person)
lieben (indicative plural present third-person)
liebe (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
lieben (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
liebte (first-person indicative preterite singular)
liebten (first-person indicative plural preterite)
liebte (first-person formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
liebten (first-person formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
liebtest (indicative preterite second-person singular)
liebtet (indicative plural preterite second-person)
liebtest (formal rare second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
liebtet (formal plural rare second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
liebte (indicative preterite singular third-person)
liebten (indicative plural preterite third-person)
liebte (formal rare singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
liebten (formal plural rare subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
lieb (imperative second-person singular)
liebe (imperative second-person singular)
liebt (imperative plural second-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe geliebt (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben geliebt (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe geliebt (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben geliebt (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast geliebt (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt geliebt (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest geliebt (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet geliebt (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat geliebt (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben geliebt (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe geliebt (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben geliebt (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte geliebt (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten geliebt (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte geliebt (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten geliebt (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest geliebt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet geliebt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest geliebt (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet geliebt (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte geliebt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten geliebt (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte geliebt (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten geliebt (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lieben werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde lieben (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden lieben (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest lieben (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet lieben (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde lieben (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden lieben (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde lieben (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden lieben (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde lieben (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden lieben (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst lieben (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet lieben (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest lieben (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet lieben (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird lieben (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden lieben (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde lieben (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden lieben (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
geliebt haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden geliebt haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst geliebt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet geliebt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird geliebt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden geliebt haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden geliebt haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

Audio

Audio

Formally from Middle High German lieben, alteration (based on liep) of rarer liuben (“to make or be dear, to treat in a friendly way”), from Old High German liuben, equivalent to lieb + -en.
The singularly attested Old High German liobōn (“to love”) probably remained without continuation; the modern sense was derived in late Middle High German from the noun liebe (“love”) on the model of minnen (“to love”), from minne, which had developed a sexual overtone. It remained absent from most traditional dialects, which use variants of lieb haben or gern haben instead (compare the usage note below). Related to English love. Compare Dutch lieven.

(reflexive, poetic) to make love, to have sex


hyaline

en-noun

hyaline (countable and uncountable, plural hyalines)

From Latin hyalinus, from Koine Greek ὑάλινος (huálinos), from ὕαλος (húalos, “glass”).

Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm hyaline.

1844, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, A Rhapsody of Life's Progress

(poetic) Anything glassy, translucent or transparent; the sea or sky.


ulna

la-noun

ulna f (genitive ulnae); first declension

ulnae (genitive)
ulna (nominative singular)
ulnae (nominative plural)
ulnae (genitive singular)
ulnārum (genitive plural)
ulnae (dative singular)
ulnīs (dative plural)
ulnam (accusative singular)
ulnās (accusative plural)
ulnā (ablative singular)
ulnīs (ablative plural)
ulna (singular vocative)
ulnae (plural vocative)

→? Proto-Albanian: *ulnā

→ Catalan: ulna (learned)

→ English: ulna

→ Galician: ulna (learned)

→ Italian: ulna (learned)

→ Portuguese: ulna (learned)

→ Spanish: ulna (learned)

From Proto-Italic *olenā, presumably from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l(e)n-, from the root *Heh₃l- (“to bend”), although this reconstruction remains uncertain. Related to Old Armenian ուլն (uln, “neck”), Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 (aleina, “cubit”), Old Church Slavonic ланита (lanita, “cheek”), Ancient Greek ὠλένη (ōlénē, “elbow”), Sanskrit अणि (aṇi, “the point of a needle”), Albanian llërë (“upper arm”), Welsh elin (“forearm; elbow”).

cog

maternis in ulnis


envious

en-adj

envious (comparative more envious, superlative most envious)

more envious (comparative)
most envious (superlative)

From Middle English envious, from Anglo-Norman envious, from Old French envieus, envious (modern French envieux), from Latin invidiōsus; more at envy. Doublet of invidious, borrowed directly from Latin. Displaced native Old English æfestiġ.


argent

en-noun

argent (countable and uncountable, plural argents)

From Middle English argent, from Old French argent (“silver”), from Latin argentum (“white money, silver”).

(obsolete, poetic) Whiteness; anything that is white.


大和

ja-pos

大(おお)和(やまと) • (Ōyamato) ^(←おほやまと (ofoyamato)?)

大和 (canonical)
Ōyamato (romanization)
ofoyamato (romanization)
おほやまと (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Compound of 大 (ō, “great, big”) + 大和 (Yamato, “the ancient Yamato kingdom; Japan”). The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).


nevicare

it-verb

nevicàre (third-person only, third-person singular present névica, third-person singular past historic nevicò, past participle nevicàto, auxiliary (all uses) èssere or (also impersonal) avére)

nevicàre (canonical)
névica (present singular third-person)
nevicò (historic past singular third-person)
nevicàto (participle past)
èssere (auxiliary)
avére (also auxiliary impersonal)
nevicàre (infinitive)
èssere (auxiliary)
avére (also auxiliary impersonal)
nevicàndo (gerund)
nevicànte (participle present)
nevicàto (participle past)
névica (indicative present singular third-person)
névicano (indicative plural present third-person)
nevicàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
nevicàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
nevicò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
nevicàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
nevicherà (future indicative singular third-person)
nevicherànno (future indicative plural third-person)
nevicherèbbe (conditional present singular third-person)
nevicherébbe (conditional present singular third-person)
nevicherèbbero (conditional plural present third-person)
nevicherébbero (conditional plural present third-person)
névichi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
névichino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
nevicàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nevicàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)

From Vulgar Latin *nivicāre, a verb based on Latin nivem (“snow”, noun). By surface analysis, neve + -icare.

(intransitive, poetic) to snow down, to fall like snow [auxiliary essere]


parasite

/ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/

/ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/

/ˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/

From Middle French parasite, from Latin parasitus, from Ancient Greek παράσιτος (parásitos, “person who eats at the table of another”), from noun use of adjective meaning "feeding beside", from παρά (pará, “beside”) + σῖτος (sîtos, “food”).

parasiet

(biology) organism that exists by stealing resources from another organism

(literary, poetic) A climbing plant which is supported by a wall, trellis etc.


laudare

it-verb

laudàre (first-person singular present làudo, first-person singular past historic laudài, past participle laudàto, auxiliary avére)

laudàre (canonical)
làudo (first-person present singular)
laudài (first-person historic past singular)
laudàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
laudàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
laudàndo (gerund)
laudànte (participle present)
laudàto (participle past)
làudo (first-person indicative present singular)
làudi (indicative present second-person singular)
làuda (indicative present singular third-person)
laudiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
laudàte (indicative plural present second-person)
làudano (indicative plural present third-person)
laudàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
laudàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
laudàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
laudavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
laudavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
laudàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
laudài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
laudàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
laudò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
laudàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
laudàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
laudàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
lauderò (first-person future indicative singular)
lauderài (future indicative second-person singular)
lauderà (future indicative singular third-person)
lauderémo (first-person future indicative plural)
lauderéte (future indicative plural second-person)
lauderànno (future indicative plural third-person)
lauderèi (conditional first-person present singular)
lauderésti (conditional present second-person singular)
lauderèbbe (conditional present singular third-person)
lauderébbe (conditional present singular third-person)
lauderémmo (conditional first-person plural present)
lauderéste (conditional plural present second-person)
lauderèbbero (conditional plural present third-person)
lauderébbero (conditional plural present third-person)
làudi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
làudi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
làudi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
laudiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
laudiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
làudino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
laudàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
laudàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
laudàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
laudàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
laudàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
laudàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
làuda (imperative second-person singular)
làudi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
laudiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
laudàte (imperative plural second-person)
làudino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
laudàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
làudi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
laudiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
laudàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
làudino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

Borrowed from Latin laudāre, whence also Italian lodare, an inherited doublet.

(transitive, archaic or poetic) Alternative form of lodare


fuoco

it-noun

fuoco m (plural fuochi, diminutive fochétto/fuochétto or fochettìno or focherèllo/fuocherèllo or focherellìno or (uncommon) focolìno, augmentative focóne/fuocóne or focaróne)

fuochi (plural)
fochétto (diminutive)
fuochétto (diminutive)
fochettìno (diminutive)
focherèllo (diminutive)
fuocherèllo (diminutive)
focherellìno (diminutive)
focolìno (diminutive uncommon)
focóne (augmentative)
fuocóne (augmentative)
focaróne (augmentative)

(by extension, poetic) lightning, thunderbolt


Lucifer

la-proper noun

Lūcifer m sg (genitive Lūciferī); second declension

Lūcifer (canonical masculine singular)
Lūciferī (genitive)
Lūcifer (nominative singular)
Lūciferī (genitive singular)
Lūciferō (dative singular)
Lūciferum (accusative singular)
Lūciferō (ablative singular)
Lūcifer (singular vocative)

Aromanian: lutseafir

Romanian: Luceafăr

→ Catalan: Llucifer, lucífer

→ French: Lucifer

→ English: luciferous, Lucifer

→ Italian: lucifero, Lucifero

desc

→ Polish: lucyfer, Lucyfer, lucyper, Lucyper

→ Portuguese: lucífero, Lúcifer

→ Romanian: Lucifer

→ Spanish: lucífero, Lucifer, luzbel

→ German: Luzifer

[ˈɫ̪uːkɪfɛr]

From lūx + -fer, calque of Ancient Greek Φωσφόρος (Phōsphóros).


minuo

la-verb

minuō (present infinitive minuere, perfect active minuī, supine minūtum); third conjugation

minuō (canonical)
minuere (infinitive present)
minuī (active perfect)
minūtum (supine)
minuō (active first-person indicative present singular)
minuis (active indicative present second-person singular)
minuit (active indicative present singular third-person)
minuimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
minuitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
minuunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
minuēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
minuēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
minuēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
minuēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
minuēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
minuēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
minuam (active first-person future indicative singular)
minuēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
minuet (active future indicative singular third-person)
minuēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
minuētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
minuent (active future indicative plural third-person)
minuī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
minuistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
minuit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
minuimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
minuistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
minuērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
minuēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
minueram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
minuerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
minuerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
minuerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
minuerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
minuerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
minuerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
minueris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
minuerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
minuerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
minueritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
minuerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
minuor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
minueris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
minuere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
minuitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
minuimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
minuiminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
minuuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
minuēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
minuēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
minuēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
minuēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
minuēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
minuēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
minuēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
minuar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
minuēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
minuēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
minuētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
minuēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
minuēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
minuentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
minuam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
minuās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
minuat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
minuāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
minuātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
minuant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
minuerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
minuerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
minueret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
minuerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
minuerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
minuerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
minuerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
minuerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
minuerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
minuerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
minuerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
minuerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
minuissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
minuissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
minuisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
minuissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
minuissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
minuissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
minuar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
minuāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
minuāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
minuātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
minuāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
minuāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
minuantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
minuerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
minuerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
minuerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
minuerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
minuerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
minuerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
minuerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
minue (active imperative present second-person singular)
minuite (active imperative plural present second-person)
minuitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
minuitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
minuitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
minuuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
minuere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
minuiminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
minuitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
minuitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
minuuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
minuere (active infinitive present)
minuisse (active infinitive perfect)
minūtūrum esse (active future infinitive)
minuī (infinitive passive present)
minūtum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
minūtum īrī (future infinitive passive)
minuēns (active participle present)
minūtūrus (active future participle)
minūtus (participle passive perfect)
minuendus (future participle passive)
minuendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
minuendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
minuendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
minuendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
minūtum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
minūtū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ French: minuer

→ Interlingua: minuer

→ Italian: minuire

→ Portuguese: minuir

→ Spanish: minuir

From Proto-Italic *minuō, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“small, little”), either *mi-néw-ti or *mi-néh₁-ti. Cognate with Sanskrit मीनाति (minā́ti, “to lessen, diminish, damage”) (also मिनोति (minóti)), Ancient Greek μινύθω (minúthō, “to lessen; to disappear”), Cornish minow (“to reduce”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (mins, “less”), Old Church Slavonic мьнйии (mĭnjii, “smaller, lesser, younger”), Tocharian B maiwe (“small, young”). Related to minor.


ned

Al valente Signore,'Di cui non so migliore'Sù la terra trovare;'Che non avete pare'Nè ’n pace, ned in guerra

c. 1260s, Brunetto Latini, Il tesoretto [The Treasure], collected in Raccolta di rime antiche toscane: Volume primo, Palermo: Giuseppe Assenzio, published 1817, page 9, lines 1–5

To the valiant Lord, better of whom I can not find anyone on earth, for you have no peer, neither in peace nor in war

(poetic, rare) Alternative form of né used before a vowel


quando

Guinea-Bissau Creole: kuandu

Indo-Portuguese: can', quando

Kabuverdianu: kántu, kuándu

Principense: kanu

From Old Galician-Portuguese quando, from Latin quandō.

(chiefly poetic) when (a point or period in time)


scrivere

it-verb

scrìvere (first-person singular present scrìvo, first-person singular past historic scrìssi, past participle scrìtto, auxiliary avére)

scrìvere (canonical)
scrìvo (first-person present singular)
scrìssi (first-person historic past singular)
scrìtto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
scrìvere (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
scrivèndo (gerund)
scrivènte (participle present)
scrìtto (participle past)
scrìvo (first-person indicative present singular)
scrìvi (indicative present second-person singular)
scrìve (indicative present singular third-person)
scriviàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
scrivéte (indicative plural present second-person)
scrìvono (indicative plural present third-person)
scrivévo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
scrivévi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
scrivéva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
scrivevàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
scrivevàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
scrivévano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
scrìssi (first-person historic indicative past singular)
scrivésti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
scrìsse (historic indicative past singular third-person)
scrivémmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
scrivéste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
scrìssero (historic indicative past plural third-person)
scriverò (first-person future indicative singular)
scriverài (future indicative second-person singular)
scriverà (future indicative singular third-person)
scriverémo (first-person future indicative plural)
scriveréte (future indicative plural second-person)
scriverànno (future indicative plural third-person)
scriverèi (conditional first-person present singular)
scriverésti (conditional present second-person singular)
scriverèbbe (conditional present singular third-person)
scriverébbe (conditional present singular third-person)
scriverémmo (conditional first-person plural present)
scriveréste (conditional plural present second-person)
scriverèbbero (conditional plural present third-person)
scriverébbero (conditional plural present third-person)
scrìva (first-person present singular subjunctive)
scrìva (present second-person singular subjunctive)
scrìva (present singular subjunctive third-person)
scriviàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
scriviàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
scrìvano (plural present subjunctive third-person)
scrivéssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
scrivéssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
scrivésse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
scrivéssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
scrivéste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
scrivéssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
scrìvi (imperative second-person singular)
scrìva (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
scriviàmo (first-person imperative plural)
scrivéte (imperative plural second-person)
scrìvano (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
scrìvere (imperative negative second-person singular)
scrìva (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
scriviàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
scrivéte (imperative negative plural second-person)
scrìvano (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)


honor

ca-noun

honor m or (archaic, regional or poetic) f (plural honors)

Inherited from Old Catalan honor, from Latin honōrem.


huzzah

Likely originally a hoisting cry, possibly related to hoise. Compare possibly cognate Swedish hissa (“to hoist; huzzah”), Spanish izar (“to hoist”) and French Ho, hisse! (“Hey, hoist!”). First attested in the 1570s.

Deposed King: 'KING KNIGHT REIGNS NO MORE? HUZZAH! NOW I CAN RULE PRIDEMOOR! HURRAH!'

2014, Yacht Club Games, Shovel Knight: Shovel of Hope, Nintendo 3DS, level/area: Village

(literary, poetic, archaic, sometimes humorous) Used as a cheer indicating exaltation, enjoyment or approval.


opaque

From Middle English opake, from Latin opacus (“shaded, shady, dark”) (of unknown origin), later reinforced from Middle French opaque. Doublet of ubac.

Through this opaque of Nature and of Soul, / This double night, transmit one pitying ray, / To lighten, and to cheer.

1745, Edward Young, Night-Thoughts, section I

(obsolete, poetic) An area of darkness; a place or region with no light.


possess

en-verb

possess (third-person singular simple present possesses, present participle possessing, simple past and past participle possessed)

possesses (present singular third-person)
possessing (participle present)
possessed (participle past)
possessed (past)
possess (infinitive)

PIE word
 *pótis
From Middle English possessen (“to have, own; to obtain possession of; to inhabit, occupy”) [and other forms], from Middle French possesser, possessier, Old French possesser, possessier (“to have, own, possess; to dominate”), from Latin possessus (“possessed; seized”), the perfect passive participle of possideō (“to have, hold, own, possess; to have possessions; to take control or possession of, occupy, seize; to abide, inhabit, occupy; to dominate”), from potis (“able, capable, possible”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“master; ruler; husband”)) + sedeō (“to sit; to be seated; to be established, hold firm”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)).

der

(also reflexive, chiefly literary and poetic) Of a person: to control or dominate (oneself or someone, or one's own or someone's heart, mind, etc.).

To dominate (a person) sexually; to have sexual intercourse with (a person).


thereto

From Middle English therto, from Old English þǣrtō (“thereto”), equivalent to there + to. Cognate with Scots tharto, thereto (“thereto”), Saterland Frisian deertou (“thereto”), West Frisian dêrta (“thereto”), Dutch daartoe (“thereto; for that”), German Low German daarto (“to that; for that; thereto”), German dazu (“to that; for that; thereto”).

cog

A man who allows wild passion to arise within, himself burns his heart, then after burning adds the wind that thereto which ignites the fire again, or not, as the case may be.

c. 1955-1956 (written, published c. 1997), Jack Kerouac, Some of the Dharma


wang

wangas (nominative plural)
wang (nominative singular)
wangas (nominative plural)
wang (accusative singular)
wangas (accusative plural)
wanges (genitive singular)
wanga (genitive plural)
wange (dative singular)
wangum (dative plural)

English: wong

From Proto-Germanic *wangaz.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Saxon wang, Old High German -wang (in holzwang), Old Norse vangr (Swedish vång), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (waggs).

1963, Paull Franklin Baum, Riddle 11, Anglo-Saxon Riddles of the Exeter Book
sæs me sind ealle flodas on fæðmum / ⁊ þas foldan bearm grene wongas

All seas and waters are in my embraces, and the bosom of earth and the green fields.


auctor

la-noun

auctor m (genitive auctōris, feminine auctrīx); third declension

auctōris (genitive)
auctrīx (feminine)
auctor (nominative singular)
auctōrēs (nominative plural)
auctōris (genitive singular)
auctōrum (genitive plural)
auctōrī (dative singular)
auctōribus (dative plural)
auctōrem (accusative singular)
auctōrēs (accusative plural)
auctōre (ablative singular)
auctōribus (ablative plural)
auctor (singular vocative)
auctōrēs (plural vocative)

→ German: Auctor, Autor, Author (see there for further descendants)

→ English: lamed auctoris

→ Irish: ughdar, údar

→ Italian: autore

→ Albanian: autore

→ Norman: auteu

desctree

→ Old French: autor, auctor, auctour, auctur, autour, autur
Middle French: autheur, aucteur, auctour, auteur, autteur
French: auteur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: auctour, auctor, autor, autour, author, auther
English: author
Scots: author

→ Portuguese: autor

→ Romanian: autor

→ Spanish: autor

→ Welsh: awdur

From Proto-Italic *auktōr, cognate to Umbrian 𐌖𐌇𐌕𐌖𐌓 (uhtur). Equivalent to augeō (“to increase, nourish”) + -tor.

author

considered to be incorrect, but do at least occur in older New Latin


thereafter

en-noun

thereafter (countable and uncountable, plural thereafters)

/ˌðɛəɹˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/

Northern England, other non-rhotic without the trap–bath split

/ˌðɛəɹˈæf.tə(ɹ)/

/ˌðɛɹˈæf.tɚ/

From Middle English therafter, theraftir, þerefter, þerafter, þeræfter, from Old English þǣræfter (“after that; thereafter”), equivalent to there + after. Cognate with Saterland Frisian deerätter (“thereafter”), West Frisian dêrefter (“behind that; thereafter”), Dutch daarachter (“behind that; thereafter”), German Low German daarachter (“behind that”), Danish derefter (“thereafter”), Swedish därefter (“thereafter”).

cog

A mimed sequence might enliven Johnny's visit to the great thereafter; or the battle royal might be painted on a backdrop.

2022, Jody Enders, Immaculate Deception and Further Ribaldries, page 243

(poetic, uncommon) Synonym of hereafter (“existence after death”).


penury

en-noun

penury (usually uncountable, plural penuries)

From Latin pēnūria (“want”), related to paene (“scarcely”, adverb), c. 1400. Compare French pénurie.

No! penury, inertness and grimace, / In some strange sort, were the land's portion. […]

1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XI

(now chiefly poetic) A lack of something; a dearth.


besom

en-verb

besom (third-person singular simple present besoms, present participle besoming, simple past and past participle besomed)

besoms (present singular third-person)
besoming (participle present)
besomed (participle past)
besomed (past)

From Middle English besme, beseme, from Old English besma, besema (“besom, broom, rod”), from Proto-West Germanic *besmō (“broom”).


oy

fo-noun

oy f (genitive singular oyar, plural oyar)

oyar (genitive singular)
oyar (plural)
oy (indefinite nominative singular)
oyin (definite nominative singular)
oyar (indefinite nominative plural)
oyarnar (definite nominative plural)
oy (accusative indefinite singular)
oyina (accusative definite singular)
oyar (accusative indefinite plural)
oyarnar (accusative definite plural)
oy (dative indefinite singular)
oyini (dative definite singular)
oyum (dative indefinite plural)
oyunum (dative definite plural)
oyar (genitive indefinite singular)
oyarinnar (definite genitive singular)
oya (genitive indefinite plural)
oyanna (definite genitive plural)


forsooth

From Middle English forsothe, forsoþe, for sothe, from Old English for sōþ (“truly, for certain, forsooth”), equivalent to for (“for, by”) + sooth (“truth”).

inh

The four boys pumped up their hate to hissing steam. Harmless, quotha. Innocent, forsooth.

1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 596

(archaic or poetic) Used as an intensifier, often ironic: indeed, really, truthfully.


casket

en-verb

casket (third-person singular simple present caskets, present participle casketing, simple past and past participle casketed)

caskets (present singular third-person)
casketing (participle present)
casketed (participle past)
casketed (past)

Probably from Norman cassette. Possibly reformed by analogy with cask, thus analyzable as cask + -et. Doublet of cassette.

(poetic, transitive) To put into, or preserve in, a casket.