ح ص ل

ar-root

ح ص ل • (ḥ-ṣ-l)

Univerbation of ح ص ص (ḥ ṣ ṣ) + لِ (li). Compare earlier development of ف ص ل (f-ṣ-l) from ف ص ص (f-ṣ-ṣ) and later قَصَلَ (qaṣala).

ف ص ص (f-ṣ-ṣ)

حُصُول

Form I: حَصَلَ (ḥaṣala, “to happen; to obtain”); Verbal noun

حَاصِل

Form I: حَصَلَ (ḥaṣala, “to happen; to obtain”); Active participle

تَحْصِيل

Form II: حَصَّلَ (ḥaṣṣala, “to get out, to gather”); Verbal noun

مُحَصِّل

Form II: حَصَّلَ (ḥaṣṣala, “to get out, to gather”); Active participle

إِحْصَال

Form IV: أَحْصَلَ (ʔaḥṣala, “to have immature dates”); Verbal noun

مُحْصِل

Form IV: أَحْصَلَ (ʔaḥṣala, “to have immature dates”); Active participle

تَحَصُّل

Form V: تَحَصَّلَ (taḥaṣṣala, “to come, to arrive; to follow, to proceed”); Verbal noun

مُتَحَصِّل

Form V: تَحَصَّلَ (taḥaṣṣala, “to come, to arrive; to follow, to proceed”); Active participle

اِسْتِحْصَال

Form X: اِسْتَحْصَلَ (istaḥṣala, “to obtain, to acquire”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحْصِل

Form X: اِسْتَحْصَلَ (istaḥṣala, “to obtain, to acquire”); Active participle


ش ع ع

ش ع ع • (š-ʕ-ʕ)

شَعّ

Form I: شَعَّ (šaʕʕa, “to spread, to disperse”); Verbal noun

شَاعّ

Form I: شَعَّ (šaʕʕa, “to spread, to disperse”); Active participle

إِشْعَاع

Form IV: أَشَعَّ (ʔašaʕʕa, “to emit, to spread, to set off, to spark”); Verbal noun

مُشِعّ

Form IV: أَشَعَّ (ʔašaʕʕa, “to emit, to spread, to set off, to spark”); Active participle

تَشَعُّع

Form V: تَشَعَّعَ (tašaʕʕaʕa, “to radiate”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَعِّع

Form V: تَشَعَّعَ (tašaʕʕaʕa, “to radiate”); Active participle

اِنْشِعَاع

Form VII: اِنْشَعَّ (inšaʕʕa, “to go around, to prowl”); Verbal noun

مُنْشَعّ

Form VII: اِنْشَعَّ (inšaʕʕa, “to go around, to prowl”); Active participle


ق ب س

related to things being taken from other things

قَبْس

Form I: قَبَسَ (qabasa, “to take from, to derive, to obtain”); Verbal noun

قَابِس

Form I: قَبَسَ (qabasa, “to take from, to derive, to obtain”); Active participle

إِقْبَاس

Form IV: أَقْبَسَ (ʔaqbasa, “to make obtain”); Verbal noun

مُقْبِس

Form IV: أَقْبَسَ (ʔaqbasa, “to make obtain”); Active participle

اِقْتِبَاس

Form VIII: اِقْتَبَسَ (iqtabasa, “to acquire, to obtain, to derive, to take from”); Verbal noun

مُقْتَبِس

Form VIII: اِقْتَبَسَ (iqtabasa, “to acquire, to obtain, to derive, to take from”); Active participle


ض و ن

ضَوْن

Form I: ضَانَ (ḍāna, “to have numerous offspring”); Verbal noun

Form I: ضَانَ (ḍāna, “to have numerous offspring”); Active participle

تَضَوُّن

Form V: تَضَوَّنَ (taḍawwana, “to have numerous offspring”); Verbal noun

مُتَضَوِّن

Form V: تَضَوَّنَ (taḍawwana, “to have numerous offspring”); Active participle


ن و ط

Form I: نَاطَ (nāṭa, “to hang, to bind up; to confer, to assign, to entrust”); Active participle

تَنْوِيط

Form II: نَوَّطَ (nawwaṭa, “to hang, to bind up; to confer, to assign, to entrust”); Verbal noun

مُنَوِّط

Form II: نَوَّطَ (nawwaṭa, “to hang, to bind up; to confer, to assign, to entrust”); Active participle

إِنَاطَة

Form IV: أَنَاطَ (ʔanāṭa, “to confer, to entrust”); Verbal noun

مُنِيط

Form IV: أَنَاطَ (ʔanāṭa, “to confer, to entrust”); Active participle

اِنْتِيَاط

Form VIII: اِنْتَاطَ (intāṭa, “to be suspended, to hang”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَاط

Form VIII: اِنْتَاطَ (intāṭa, “to be suspended, to hang”); Active participle

اِسْتِنَاطَة

Form X: اِسْتَنَاطَ (istanāṭa, “to commodate”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنِيط

Form X: اِسْتَنَاطَ (istanāṭa, “to commodate”); Active participle


ل ح ق

Form I: لَحِقَ (laḥiqa); Active participle

مُلَاحِق

Form III: لَاحَقَ (lāḥaqa); Active participle

إِلْحَاق

Form IV: أَلْحَقَ (ʔalḥaqa); Verbal noun

مُلْحِق

Form IV: أَلْحَقَ (ʔalḥaqa); Active participle

تَلَاحُق

Form VI: تَلَاحَقَ (talāḥaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَلَاحِق

Form VI: تَلَاحَقَ (talāḥaqa); Active participle

اِلْتِحَاق

Form VIII: اِلْتَحَقَ (iltaḥaqa); Verbal noun

مُلْتَحِق

Form VIII: اِلْتَحَقَ (iltaḥaqa); Active participle

اِسْتِلْحَاق

Form X: اِسْتَلْحَقَ (istalḥaqa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَلْحِق

Form X: اِسْتَلْحَقَ (istalḥaqa); Active participle

لَحَق

what follows; land that is arable after an inundation

مِلْحَق

camel that is so fast that other camels do not reach it


ن و ف

نَوْف

Form I: نَافَ (nāfa, “to exceed, to surpass, to go over”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَافَ (nāfa, “to exceed, to surpass, to go over”); Active participle

تَنْيِيف

Form II: نَيَّفَ (nayyafa, “to exceed, to surpass, to go over”); Verbal noun

مُنَيِّف

Form II: نَيَّفَ (nayyafa, “to exceed, to surpass, to go over”); Active participle

إِنَافَة

Form IV: أَنَافَ (ʔanāfa, “to exceed, to surpass, to go over”); Verbal noun

مُنِيف

Form IV: أَنَافَ (ʔanāfa, “to exceed, to surpass, to go over”); Active participle


ل ف ف

لَفّ

Form I: لَفَّ (laffa, “to coil, to curl, to convolute, to spool, to twirl; to wrap, to envelop, to surround; to turn around, to circumgyrate, to make a roundabout, to be around”); Verbal noun

لَافّ

Form I: لَفَّ (laffa, “to coil, to curl, to convolute, to spool, to twirl; to wrap, to envelop, to surround; to turn around, to circumgyrate, to make a roundabout, to be around”); Active participle

تَلْفِيف

Form II: لَفَّفَ (laffafa, “to wrap, to envelop, to surround”); Verbal noun

مُلَفِّف

Form II: لَفَّفَ (laffafa, “to wrap, to envelop, to surround”); Active participle

إِلْفَاف

Form IV: أَلَفَّ (ʔalaffa, “to roll up, to involve”); Verbal noun

مُلِفّ

Form IV: أَلَفَّ (ʔalaffa, “to roll up, to involve”); Active participle

تَلَفُّف

Form V: تَلَفَّفَ (talaffafa, “to be wrapped, to wrap oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَلَفِّف

Form V: تَلَفَّفَ (talaffafa, “to be wrapped, to wrap oneself”); Active participle

اِلْتِفَاف

Form VIII: اِلْتَفَّ (iltaffa, “to squirm, to wind oneself; to wind, to bend, to inflect”); Verbal noun

مُلْتَفّ

Form VIII: اِلْتَفَّ (iltaffa, “to squirm, to wind oneself; to wind, to bend, to inflect”); Active participle

أَلَفّ

grave in stature, of a lingering figure, gross


ف ص م

فَصْم

Form I: فَصَمَ (faṣama, “to separate, to dissolve, to rive, to divorce, to put apart”); Verbal noun

فَاصِم

Form I: فَصَمَ (faṣama, “to separate, to dissolve, to rive, to divorce, to put apart”); Active participle

تَفْصِيم

Form II: فَصَّمَ (faṣṣama, “to rive much, to crack severely”); Verbal noun

مُفَصِّم

Form II: فَصَّمَ (faṣṣama, “to rive much, to crack severely”); Active participle

إِفْصَام

Form IV: أَفْصَمَ (ʔafṣama, “to cease, to desist”); Verbal noun

مُفْصِم

Form IV: أَفْصَمَ (ʔafṣama, “to cease, to desist”); Active participle

اِنْفِصَام

Form VII: اِنْفَصَمَ (infaṣama, “to be riven, to be divorced, to get a crack in-between”); Verbal noun

مُنْفَصِم

Form VII: اِنْفَصَمَ (infaṣama, “to be riven, to be divorced, to get a crack in-between”); Active participle


ف س ل

فَسَالَة

Form I: فَسُلَ (fasula, “to be cowardly, to be pusillanimous”); Verbal noun

Form I: فَسُلَ (fasula, “to be cowardly, to be pusillanimous”); Active participle

فَسْل

Form I: فَسَلَ (fasala, “to plant, to embed; to ablactate, to wean”); Verbal noun

فَاسِل

Form I: فَسَلَ (fasala, “to plant, to embed; to ablactate, to wean”); Active participle

تَفْسِيل

Form II: فَسَّلَ (fassala, “to make pusillanimous”); Verbal noun

مُفَسِّل

Form II: فَسَّلَ (fassala, “to make pusillanimous”); Active participle

إِفْسَال

Form IV: أَفْسَلَ (ʔafsala, “to cut the plant to grow it; to counterfeit”); Verbal noun

مُفْسِل

Form IV: أَفْسَلَ (ʔafsala, “to cut the plant to grow it; to counterfeit”); Active participle

فُسَالَة

parts of metal coming of from a piece of metal wherewith one strikes


ن ي ء

Compare Ge'ez ነ የ እ (n-y-ʾ, “related to being raw”).

cog

نَيْء

Form I: نَاءَ (nāʔa, “to be raw, to be uncooked”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَاءَ (nāʔa, “to be raw, to be uncooked”); Active participle

تَنْيِيء

Form II: نَيَّأَ (nayyaʔa, “to cook not through, to treat incompletely”); Verbal noun

مُنَيِّئ

Form II: نَيَّأَ (nayyaʔa, “to cook not through, to treat incompletely”); Active participle

إِنَاءَة

Form IV: أَنَاءَ (ʔanāʔa, “to cook not through, to leave half-cooked”); Verbal noun

مُنِيء

Form IV: أَنَاءَ (ʔanāʔa, “to cook not through, to leave half-cooked”); Active participle


ن و ي

نِيَّة

Form I: نَوَى (nawā, “to intend”); Verbal noun

نَاوٍ

Form I: نَوَى (nawā, “to intend”); Active participle

نَوًى

Form I: نَوَى (nawā, “to be distant”); Verbal noun

نَاوٍ

Form I: نَوَى (nawā, “to be distant”); Active participle

تَنْوِيَة

Form II: نَوَّى (nawwā, “to make follow the intended; to execute, to follow, to accomplish; to project date pits”); Verbal noun

مُنَوٍّ

Form II: نَوَّى (nawwā, “to make follow the intended; to execute, to follow, to accomplish; to project date pits”); Active participle

مُنَاوَاة

Form III: نَاوَى (nāwā, “to feud with, to be antipodal to”); Verbal noun

مُنَاوٍ

Form III: نَاوَى (nāwā, “to feud with, to be antipodal to”); Active participle

إِنْوَاء

Form IV: أَنْوَى (ʔanwā, “to be afar, to be distant; to project date pits”); Verbal noun

مُنْوٍ

Form IV: أَنْوَى (ʔanwā, “to be afar, to be distant; to project date pits”); Active participle

تَنَوٍّ

Form V: تَنَوَّى (tanawwā, “to intend”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَوٍّ

Form V: تَنَوَّى (tanawwā, “to intend”); Active participle

اِنْتِوَاء

Form VIII: اِنْتَوَى (intawā, “to intend”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَوٍ

Form VIII: اِنْتَوَى (intawā, “to intend”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْوَاء

Form X: اِسْتَنْوَى (istanwā, “to project date pits”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْوٍ

Form X: اِسْتَنْوَى (istanwā, “to project date pits”); Active participle


ع ب ء

ar-root

ع ب ء • (ʕ-b-ʔ)

عَبْء

Form I: عَبَأَ (ʕabaʔa, “to arrange, to set in order, to pack well”); Verbal noun

عَابِئ

Form I: عَبَأَ (ʕabaʔa, “to arrange, to set in order, to pack well”); Active participle

تَعْبِيء

Form II: عَبَّأَ (ʕabbaʔa, “to load, to pack, to prepare for taking away; to set up, to field, to mobilize, to prime”); Verbal noun

مُعَبِّئ

Form II: عَبَّأَ (ʕabbaʔa, “to load, to pack, to prepare for taking away; to set up, to field, to mobilize, to prime”); Active participle

إِعْبَاء

Form IV: أَعْبَأَ (ʔaʕbaʔa, “to put into good order, to administrate”); Verbal noun

مُعْبِئ

Form IV: أَعْبَأَ (ʔaʕbaʔa, “to put into good order, to administrate”); Active participle

تَعَبُّؤ

Form V: تَعَبَّأَ (taʕabbaʔa, “to pack oneself, to fill oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَبِّئ

Form V: تَعَبَّأَ (taʕabbaʔa, “to pack oneself, to fill oneself”); Active participle

اِعْتِبَاء

Form VIII: اِعْتَبَأَ (iʕtabaʔa, “to fill, to stuff”); Verbal noun

مُعْتَبِئ

Form VIII: اِعْتَبَأَ (iʕtabaʔa, “to fill, to stuff”); Active participle


ب ق ق

related to dispersal, scattering prolifically

بَقّ

Form I: بَقَّ (baqqa, “to bear many children, to be prolific; to scatter, to disperse, to distribute, to spread out, to take forth, to abound with; to blather, to prattle, to talk too much”); Verbal noun

بَاقّ

Form I: بَقَّ (baqqa, “to bear many children, to be prolific; to scatter, to disperse, to distribute, to spread out, to take forth, to abound with; to blather, to prattle, to talk too much”); Active participle

تَبْقِيق

Form II: بَقَّقَ (baqqaqa, “to disperse, to peddle, to sling”); Verbal noun

مُبَقِّق

Form II: بَقَّقَ (baqqaqa, “to disperse, to peddle, to sling”); Active participle

إِبْقَاق

Form IV: أَبَقَّ (ʔabaqqa, “to be fecund; to be numerous; to blather”); Verbal noun

مُبِقّ

Form IV: أَبَقَّ (ʔabaqqa, “to be fecund; to be numerous; to blather”); Active participle

اِنْبِقَاق

Form VII: اِنْبَقَّ (inbaqqa); Verbal noun

مُنْبَقّ

Form VII: اِنْبَقَّ (inbaqqa); Active participle


ش م ل

تَشَمُّل

Form V: تَشَمَّلَ (tašammala, “to wrap oneself in”); Verbal noun

شِمْلَة

mode of cloaking oneself, fashion of wrapping oneself

شَمَل

Form I: شَمِلَ (šamila, “to contain, to encompass, to include, to enclose”); Verbal noun

Form I: شَمِلَ (šamila, “to contain, to encompass, to include, to enclose”); Active participle

شَمْل

Form I: شَمَلَ (šamala, “to contain, to encompass, to include, to enclose”); Verbal noun

شَامِل

Form I: شَمَلَ (šamala, “to contain, to encompass, to include, to enclose”); Active participle

تَشْمِيل

Form II: شَمَّلَ (šammala, “to make surround, to make contain”); Verbal noun

مُشَمِّل

Form II: شَمَّلَ (šammala, “to make surround, to make contain”); Active participle

إِشْمَال

Form IV: أَشْمَلَ (ʔašmala, “to make surround all; to give the cloak; to have north-wind”); Verbal noun

مُشْمِل

Form IV: أَشْمَلَ (ʔašmala, “to make surround all; to give the cloak; to have north-wind”); Active participle

مُتَشَمِّل

Form V: تَشَمَّلَ (tašammala, “to wrap oneself in”); Active participle

اِنْشِمَال

Form VII: اِنْشَمَلَ (inšamala, “to be swift, to be agile”); Verbal noun

مُنْشَمِل

Form VII: اِنْشَمَلَ (inšamala, “to be swift, to be agile”); Active participle

اِشْتِمَال

Form VIII: اِشْتَمَلَ (ištamala, “to contain, to enclose, to wrap up”); Verbal noun

مُشْتَمِل

Form VIII: اِشْتَمَلَ (ištamala, “to contain, to enclose, to wrap up”); Active participle


ف و ق

فَوْق

Form I: فَاقَ (fāqa, “to surpass, to go over”); Verbal noun

فَائِق

Form I: فَاقَ (fāqa, “to surpass, to go over”); Active participle

فُوَاق

Form I: فَاقَ (fāqa, “to have hiccup”); Verbal noun

فَائِق

Form I: فَاقَ (fāqa, “to have hiccup”); Active participle

تَفْوِيق

Form II: فَوَّقَ (fawwaqa, “to make excell; to make a notch on it”); Verbal noun

مُفَوِّق

Form II: فَوَّقَ (fawwaqa, “to make excell; to make a notch on it”); Active participle

إِفَاقَة

Form IV: أَفَاقَ (ʔafāqa, “to rest, to recover; to wake up; to wake; to put a notch on”); Verbal noun

مُفِيق

Form IV: أَفَاقَ (ʔafāqa, “to rest, to recover; to wake up; to wake; to put a notch on”); Active participle

تَفَوُّق

Form V: تَفَوَّقَ (tafawwaqa, “to surpass; to have residues on top”); Verbal noun

مُتَفَوِّق

Form V: تَفَوَّقَ (tafawwaqa, “to surpass; to have residues on top”); Active participle

اِنْفِيَاق

Form VII: اِنْفَاقَ (infāqa, “to be broken at the notch; to die from poverty”); Verbal noun

مُنْفَاق

Form VII: اِنْفَاقَ (infāqa, “to be broken at the notch; to die from poverty”); Active participle

اِفْتِيَاق

Form VIII: اِفْتَاقَ (iftāqa, “to be poor, to become poor”); Verbal noun

مُفْتَاق

Form VIII: اِفْتَاقَ (iftāqa, “to be poor, to become poor”); Active participle

اِسْتِفَاقَة

Form X: اِسْتَفَاقَ (istafāqa, “to recover, to gain strength; to wake up”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَفِيق

Form X: اِسْتَفَاقَ (istafāqa, “to recover, to gain strength; to wake up”); Active participle

فِيقَة

favour; milk collect between two milkings in the udder


desctree

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sasás (“corn, grass, herb”)
Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sasás
Sanskrit: सस (sasá)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: সাহ (xah, “crops”)
Odia: ସସ (sasa, “kernel”)

*(s)h₁és-ō ~ *(s)h₁s-nés

q

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *asenis, *esenis f (“autumn”) (alternation perhaps due to "Rozwadowski's rule")

Old Prussian: assanis

Sudovian: asenis

Proto-Slavic: *(j)esenь (see there for further descendants)

desc

Proto-Germanic: *azaniz f (“harvest-time; summer”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *asnō (“harvest, earning, wage”)(see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *osnā (perhaps)

Proto-Italic: *atnosnā (+ *atnos (“year”) (whence annus))

Latin: annōna (“produce, supply, food, corn”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sásnuš

Proto-Iranian: *háhnuš

Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎𐬱 (haŋhuš, “harvest, fruit; benefit, profit”)

*(s)h₁ós-r̥ ~ *(s)h₁és-n̥s

Proto-Armenian: *(h)o(h)ár-a-

Old Armenian: ար-ա-ց (ar-a-cʻ) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *asunz (“day-laborer”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *(h)ohər

q

+ *opi- (related to Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἐπι-</i> (epi-), from *h₁epi (“on, at”)

⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *opohərā (contracted from *opi(h)ohərā, + *opi- (related to Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-), from *h₁epi (“on, at”))

desc

Ancient Greek: ὀπώρα (opṓra, “end of the summer, start of autumn; harvest, fruit”)

Proto-Celtic: *sasyos (“barley”) (see there for further descendants)

Extended forms

Proto-Anatolian:

Hittite: [Term?] (/šešd-/, “to grow”)

Unsorted forms

Proto-Anatolian:

Hittite: 𒊺𒂊𒊭𒀭𒈾𒀸 (še-e-ša-an-na-aš), 𒊺𒂊𒊭𒈾𒀸 (še-e-ša-na-aš, “fruit (tree), harvest, crop”)

Armenian:

Old Armenian: աշուն (ašun, “autumn”) (see there for further descendants)

→? Proto-Finno-Ugric: *kesä (“summer”)

Proto-Finnic: *kesä (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Samic: *keasē (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Mordvinic: *kizə (see there for further descendants)

Reanalyzed root from *sh₁es ~ *sh₁s-o-s (“sowing”), from *seh₁- (“to sow”).


م د ح

مَدْح

Form I: مَدَحَ (madaḥa, “to praise, to extol, to eulogize”); Verbal noun

مَادِح

Form I: مَدَحَ (madaḥa, “to praise, to extol, to eulogize”); Active participle

تَمْدِيح

Form II: مَدَّحَ (maddaḥa, “to praise, to extol, to eulogize”); Verbal noun

مُمَدِّح

Form II: مَدَّحَ (maddaḥa, “to praise, to extol, to eulogize”); Active participle

تَمَدُّح

Form V: تَمَدَّحَ (tamaddaḥa, “to be praised; to praise oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَدِّح

Form V: تَمَدَّحَ (tamaddaḥa, “to be praised; to praise oneself”); Active participle

اِمْتِدَاح

Form VIII: اِمْتَدَحَ (imtadaḥa, “to praise, to extol, to eulogize”); Verbal noun

مُمْتَدِح

Form VIII: اِمْتَدَحَ (imtadaḥa, “to praise, to extol, to eulogize”); Active participle


و ش ق

وَاشِق

Form I: وَشَقَ (wašaqa, “to cut into slice in order to dry, to jerk”); Active participle

وَشَق

Form I: وَشِقَ (wašiqa, “to get stuck”); Verbal noun

Form I: وَشِقَ (wašiqa, “to get stuck”); Active participle

إِيشَاق

Form IV: أَوْشَقَ (ʔawšaqa, “to stick tenaciously to”); Verbal noun

مُوشِق

Form IV: أَوْشَقَ (ʔawšaqa, “to stick tenaciously to”); Active participle

تَوَاشُق

Form VI: تَوَاشَقَ (tawāšaqa, “to dissect utterly”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَاشِق

Form VI: تَوَاشَقَ (tawāšaqa, “to dissect utterly”); Active participle

اِتِّشَاق

Form VIII: اِتَّشَقَ (ittašaqa, “to cut into slice in order to dry, to jerk”); Verbal noun

مُتَّشِق

Form VIII: اِتَّشَقَ (ittašaqa, “to cut into slice in order to dry, to jerk”); Active participle


ف ش غ

ar-root

ف ش غ • (f-š-ḡ)

فَشْغ

Form I: فَشَغَ (fašaḡa, “to overspread, to cover”); Verbal noun

فَاشِغ

Form I: فَشَغَ (fašaḡa, “to overspread, to cover”); Active participle

تَفْشِيغ

Form II: فَشَّغَ (faššaḡa, “to overpower, to superate”); Verbal noun

مُفَشِّغ

Form II: فَشَّغَ (faššaḡa, “to overpower, to superate”); Active participle

مُفَاشِغ

Form III: فَاشَغَ (fāšaḡa); Active participle

إِفْشَاغ

Form IV: أَفْشَغَ (ʔafšaḡa); Verbal noun

مُفْشِغ

Form IV: أَفْشَغَ (ʔafšaḡa); Active participle

تَفَشُّغ

Form V: تَفَشَّغَ (tafaššaḡa, “to overtake, to rape”); Verbal noun

مُتَفَشِّغ

Form V: تَفَشَّغَ (tafaššaḡa, “to overtake, to rape”); Active participle

اِنْفِشَاغ

Form VII: اِنْفَشَغَ (infašaḡa, “to appear and become abundant”); Verbal noun

مُنْفَشِغ

Form VII: اِنْفَشَغَ (infašaḡa, “to appear and become abundant”); Active participle

فُشَاغ

a piece of hide wherewith a waterskin is patched

أَفْشَغ

having a tooth or part of the hair projecting


ح ف ش

ح ف ش • (ḥ-f-š)

حَافِش

Form I: حَفَشَ (ḥafaša, “to gather, to throng, to asport”); Active participle

مَحْفُوش

Form I: حَفِشَ (ḥafiša, “to have an ulcer at one side while being healthy on the other side; to rain vehemently”); Active participle

تَحَفُّش

Form V: تَحَفَّشَ (taḥaffaša, “to show affection for; to stay in the tent حِفْش (ḥifš) and leave it rarely; to live in a حِفْش (ḥifš)”); Verbal noun

مُتَحَفِّش

Form V: تَحَفَّشَ (taḥaffaša, “to show affection for; to stay in the tent حِفْش (ḥifš) and leave it rarely; to live in a حِفْش (ḥifš)”); Active participle

حِفْش

a case for paraphernalia; a kind of tent

حَفِش

having an ulcer at one side while being healthy on the other side


و ح ي

related to things being driven by mental inducement

وَحْي

Form I: وَحَى (waḥā, “to inspire, to reveal”); Verbal noun

وَاحٍ

Form I: وَحَى (waḥā, “to inspire, to reveal”); Active participle

تَوْحِيَة

Form II: وَحَّى (waḥḥā, “to make hasten”); Verbal noun

مُوَحٍّ

Form II: وَحَّى (waḥḥā, “to make hasten”); Active participle

إِيحَاء

Form IV: أَوْحَى (ʔawḥā, “to indicate, to insinuate, to inspire, to reveal, to hint”); Verbal noun

مُوحٍ

Form IV: أَوْحَى (ʔawḥā, “to indicate, to insinuate, to inspire, to reveal, to hint”); Active participle

تَوَحٍّ

Form V: تَوَحَّى (tawaḥḥā, “to hasten”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَحٍّ

Form V: تَوَحَّى (tawaḥḥā, “to hasten”); Active participle

تَوَاحٍ

Form VI: تَوَاحَى (tawāḥā, “to indicate to each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَاحٍ

Form VI: تَوَاحَى (tawāḥā, “to indicate to each other”); Active participle

اِسْتِيحَاء

Form X: اِسْتَوْحَى (istawḥā, “to ask for inspiration, to beg to reveal; to derive, to deduce, to take inspiration for”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَوْحٍ

Form X: اِسْتَوْحَى (istawḥā, “to ask for inspiration, to beg to reveal; to derive, to deduce, to take inspiration for”); Active participle


ش ب ب

شَبَاب

Form I: شَبَّ (šabba, “to become a young man, to grow up”); Verbal noun

شَابّ

Form I: شَبَّ (šabba, “to become a young man, to grow up”); Active participle

شِبَاب

Form I: شَبَّ (šabba, “to be brisk, to be lively, to be sprightly; to be raise, to be lift; to raise the foreleg, to prance”); Verbal noun

شَابّ

Form I: شَبَّ (šabba, “to be brisk, to be lively, to be sprightly; to be raise, to be lift; to raise the foreleg, to prance”); Active participle

شَبّ

Form I: شَبَّ (šabba, “to raise, to lift, to heighten (also figuratively, and particularly if done with colour); to kindle, to inflame (also figuratively, such as of war kindled)”); Verbal noun

شَابّ

Form I: شَبَّ (šabba, “to raise, to lift, to heighten (also figuratively, and particularly if done with colour); to kindle, to inflame (also figuratively, such as of war kindled)”); Active participle

تَشْبِيب

Form II: شَبَّبَ (šabbaba, “to heighten by words, to ornate, to speak of in an amatory manner, to embellish; to kindle, to ignite”); Verbal noun

مُشَبِّب

Form II: شَبَّبَ (šabbaba, “to heighten by words, to ornate, to speak of in an amatory manner, to embellish; to kindle, to ignite”); Active participle

إِشْبَاب

Form IV: أَشَبَّ (ʔašabba, “to have young men as children; to make a young man; to excite, to make brisk, to make sprightly”); Verbal noun

مُشِبّ

Form IV: أَشَبَّ (ʔašabba, “to have young men as children; to make a young man; to excite, to make brisk, to make sprightly”); Active participle

تَشَبُّب

Form V: تَشَبَّبَ (tašabbaba, “to become ablaze, to become kindle; to be in a relation to X wherein one employs amatory language; to experience rejuvenation”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَبِّب

Form V: تَشَبَّبَ (tašabbaba, “to become ablaze, to become kindle; to be in a relation to X wherein one employs amatory language; to experience rejuvenation”); Active participle

اِنْشِبَاب

Form VII: اِنْشَبَّ (inšabba, “to become ignited, to become kindled”); Verbal noun

مُنْشَبّ

Form VII: اِنْشَبَّ (inšabba, “to become ignited, to become kindled”); Active participle

اِسْتِشْبَاب

Form X: اِسْتَشَبَّ (istašabba); Verbal noun

مُسْتَشِبّ

Form X: اِسْتَشَبَّ (istašabba); Active participle

شَبُوب

thing for igniting fire; horse that prances; thing that beautifies


ك ن س

related to retreating, hiding (derivative due to animal (gazelle) behavior of entering hiding-place with swept ground (كِنَاس) )

كُنُوس

Form I: كَنَسَ (kanasa, “to hide, to retreat”); Verbal noun

كَانِس

Form I: كَنَسَ (kanasa, “to hide, to retreat”); Active participle

كَنْس

Form I: كَنَسَ (kanasa, “to sweep”); Verbal noun

كَانِس

Form I: كَنَسَ (kanasa, “to sweep”); Active participle

تَكَنُّس

Form V: تَكَنَّسَ (takannasa, “to hide, to retreat”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَنِّس

Form V: تَكَنَّسَ (takannasa, “to hide, to retreat”); Active participle

اِكْتِنَاس

Form VIII: اِكْتَنَسَ (iktanasa, “to hide, to retreat”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَنِس

Form VIII: اِكْتَنَسَ (iktanasa, “to hide, to retreat”); Active participle


خ ن س

خُنُوس

Form I: خَنَسَ (ḵanasa, “to remain behind, to retreat, to recede”); Verbal noun

خَانِس

Form I: خَنَسَ (ḵanasa, “to remain behind, to retreat, to recede”); Active participle

إِخْنَاس

Form IV: أَخْنَسَ (ʔaḵnasa, “to make go backwards, to make recede, to leave stay behind”); Verbal noun

مُخْنِس

Form IV: أَخْنَسَ (ʔaḵnasa, “to make go backwards, to make recede, to leave stay behind”); Active participle

تَخَنُّس

Form V: تَخَنَّسَ (taḵannasa, “to hide, to abscond”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَنِّس

Form V: تَخَنَّسَ (taḵannasa, “to hide, to abscond”); Active participle

اِنْخِنَاس

Form VII: اِنْخَنَسَ (inḵanasa, “to remain behind, to retreat, to recede”); Verbal noun

مُنْخَنِس

Form VII: اِنْخَنَسَ (inḵanasa, “to remain behind, to retreat, to recede”); Active participle


ز ب ب

زَبَب

Form I: زَبَّ (zabba, “to be abundant in hair”); Verbal noun

Form I: زَبَّ (zabba, “to be abundant in hair”); Active participle

تَزْبِيب

Form II: زَبَّبَ (zabbaba, “to convert (the grapes) into raisin; to collect foam in the corner of the mouth”); Verbal noun

مُزَبِّب

Form II: زَبَّبَ (zabbaba, “to convert (the grapes) into raisin; to collect foam in the corner of the mouth”); Active participle

تَزَبُّب

Form V: تَزَبَّبَ (tazabbaba, “to become converted to raisins”); Verbal noun

مُتَزَبِّب

Form V: تَزَبَّبَ (tazabbaba, “to become converted to raisins”); Active participle

اِزْدِبَاب

Form VIII: اِزْدَبَّ (izdabba, “to become impleted, to be filled”); Verbal noun

مُزْدَبّ

Form VIII: اِزْدَبَّ (izdabba, “to become impleted, to be filled”); Active participle


ر و ج

رَوَاج

Form I: رَاجَ (rāja, “to have currency, to circulate, to sell well, to be in demand, to burgeon, to be buoyant”); Verbal noun

Form I: رَاجَ (rāja, “to have currency, to circulate, to sell well, to be in demand, to burgeon, to be buoyant”); Active participle

تَرْوِيج

Form II: رَوَّجَ (rawwaja, “to make have currency, to make circulate, to sling well, to propagate, to pitch, to promote”); Verbal noun

مُرَوِّج

Form II: رَوَّجَ (rawwaja, “to make have currency, to make circulate, to sling well, to propagate, to pitch, to promote”); Active participle

تَرَوُّج

Form V: تَرَوَّجَ (tarawwaja, “to go round about the watering-trough; to be valid; to accept as a valid currency”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَوِّج

Form V: تَرَوَّجَ (tarawwaja, “to go round about the watering-trough; to be valid; to accept as a valid currency”); Active participle

رَوَّاج

going round about the watering-trough but not reaching it


ج ف ف

جَفَاف

Form I: جَفَّ (jaffa, “to become dry”); Verbal noun

جَافّ

Form I: جَفَّ (jaffa, “to become dry”); Active participle

تَجْفِيف

Form II: جَفَّفَ (jaffafa, “to dry”); Verbal noun

مُجَفِّف

Form II: جَفَّفَ (jaffafa, “to dry”); Active participle

تَجَفُّف

Form V: تَجَفَّفَ (tajaffafa, “to become dry”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَفِّف

Form V: تَجَفَّفَ (tajaffafa, “to become dry”); Active participle

اِجْتِفَاف

Form VIII: اِجْتَفَّ (ijtaffa, “to consume all the liquid”); Verbal noun

مُجْتَفّ

Form VIII: اِجْتَفَّ (ijtaffa, “to consume all the liquid”); Active participle


क्षण्

head

क्षण् • (kṣaṇ)

sa-root

क्षण् • (kṣaṇ)

From Proto-Indo-European *tḱen- (“strike”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κτείνω (kteínō, “kill, slay”).

cog

क्षन् क्षन्#Sanskrit


ح س س

حَاسّ

Form I: حَسَّ (ḥassa); Active participle

مُحَسِّس

Form II: حَسَّسَ (ḥassasa); Active participle

مُحِسّ

Form IV: أَحَسَّ (ʔaḥassa); Active participle

تَحَسُّس

Form V: تَحَسَّسَ (taḥassasa); Verbal noun

مُتَحَسِّس

Form V: تَحَسَّسَ (taḥassasa); Active participle

اِنْحِسَاس

Form VII: اِنْحَسَّ (inḥassa); Verbal noun

مُنْحَسّ

Form VII: اِنْحَسَّ (inḥassa); Active participle

اِحْتِسَاس

Form VIII: اِحْتَسَّ (iḥtassa); Verbal noun

مُحْتَسّ

Form VIII: اِحْتَسَّ (iḥtassa); Active participle

اِسْتِحْسَاس

Form X: اِسْتَحَسَّ (istaḥassa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحِسّ

Form X: اِسْتَحَسَّ (istaḥassa); Active participle


ح س س

حاسس

Form I: حسّ (ḥass, “to feel”); Active Participle

محسوس

Form I: حسّ (ḥass, “to feel”); Passive Participle


चित्

head

चित् • (cit)

sa-root

चित् • (cit)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt- (“to perceive, observe”), t-extension of *kʷey-.

inh

to perceive, fix the mind upon, attend to, be attentive


ر و ق

تَرَوُّق

Form V: تَرَوَّقَ (tarawwaqa, “to clean oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَوِّق

Form V: تَرَوَّقَ (tarawwaqa, “to clean oneself”); Active participle

رَوْق

Form I: رَاقَ (rāqa, “to glisten, to glint; to be pure, to be clean; to be eminent, to exceed; to delight, to gladden”); Verbal noun

Form I: رَاقَ (rāqa, “to glisten, to glint; to be pure, to be clean; to be eminent, to exceed; to delight, to gladden”); Active participle

مُرَاوِق

Form III: رَاوَقَ (rāwaqa); Active participle

إِرَاقَة

Form IV: أَرَاقَ (ʔarāqa, “to pour forth”); Verbal noun

مُرِيق

Form IV: أَرَاقَ (ʔarāqa, “to pour forth”); Active participle

تَرْوِيق

Form II: رَوَّقَ (rawwaqa, “to clarify, to strain, to filter”); Verbal noun

مُرَوِّق

Form II: رَوَّقَ (rawwaqa, “to clarify, to strain, to filter”); Active participle


غ ر ف

غَرْف

Form I: غَرَفَ (ḡarafa, “to lade out”); Verbal noun

غَارِف

Form I: غَرَفَ (ḡarafa, “to lade out”); Active participle

تَغَرُّف

Form V: تَغَرَّفَ (taḡarrafa, “to take the whole part out”); Verbal noun

مُتَغَرِّف

Form V: تَغَرَّفَ (taḡarrafa, “to take the whole part out”); Active participle

اِنْغِرَاف

Form VII: اِنْغَرَفَ (inḡarafa, “to become cut off, to become crooked”); Verbal noun

مُنْغَرِف

Form VII: اِنْغَرَفَ (inḡarafa, “to become cut off, to become crooked”); Active participle

اِغْتِرَاف

Form VIII: اِغْتَرَفَ (iḡtarafa, “to draw, to lade out, to extract”); Verbal noun

مُغْتَرِف

Form VIII: اِغْتَرَفَ (iḡtarafa, “to draw, to lade out, to extract”); Active participle

غُرْفَة

the quantity of water lade out with the hand


ع ض د

ar-root

ع ض د • (ʕ-ḍ-d)

related to the upper arm and his strength

عَضْد

Form I: عَضَدَ (ʕaḍada, “to be strong for, to succor, to support, to aid”); Verbal noun

عَاضِد

Form I: عَضَدَ (ʕaḍada, “to be strong for, to succor, to support, to aid”); Active participle

تَعْضِيد

Form II: عَضَّدَ (ʕaḍḍada, “to reinforce, to corroborate, to strengthen, to be strong for, to sustain”); Verbal noun

مُعَضِّد

Form II: عَضَّدَ (ʕaḍḍada, “to reinforce, to corroborate, to strengthen, to be strong for, to sustain”); Active participle

مُعَاضَدَة

Form III: عَاضَدَ (ʕāḍada, “to uphold, to support, to complement”); Verbal noun

مُعَاضِد

Form III: عَاضَدَ (ʕāḍada, “to uphold, to support, to complement”); Active participle

إِعْضَاد

Form IV: أَعْضَدَ (ʔaʕḍada); Verbal noun

مُعْضِد

Form IV: أَعْضَدَ (ʔaʕḍada); Active participle

تَعَاضُد

Form VI: تَعَاضَدَ (taʕāḍada, “to uphold one another, to support one another, to complement one another, to work together, to collaborate, to be synergic”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَاضِد

Form VI: تَعَاضَدَ (taʕāḍada, “to uphold one another, to support one another, to complement one another, to work together, to collaborate, to be synergic”); Active participle

اِعْتِضَاد

Form VIII: اِعْتَضَدَ (iʕtaḍada, “to put under the arm; to become strong”); Verbal noun

مُعْتَضِد

Form VIII: اِعْتَضَدَ (iʕtaḍada, “to put under the arm; to become strong”); Active participle

اِسْتِعْضَاد

Form X: اِسْتَعْضَدَ (istaʕḍada, “to gather, to cut from the tree”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَعْضِد

Form X: اِسْتَعْضَدَ (istaʕḍada, “to gather, to cut from the tree”); Active participle

عَضِيد

what is lopped from trees, cuttings; palm with branches so low that one can reach them with the bare arms

أَعْضَد

having a tender upper arm; having one upper arm shorter than the other


ع ق ر

For the semantic development compare German zugrunde and Latin pessum.

related to the ground and things being metaphorically put to the ground

عَقْر

Form I: عَقَرَ (ʕaqara, “to hamstring”); Verbal noun

عَاقِر

Form I: عَقَرَ (ʕaqara, “to hamstring”); Active participle

عَقَارَة

Form I: عَقُرَ (ʕaqura, “to be barren”); Verbal noun

Form I: عَقُرَ (ʕaqura, “to be barren”); Active participle

تَعْقِير

Form II: عَقَّرَ (ʕaqqara, “to injure”); Verbal noun

مُعَقِّر

Form II: عَقَّرَ (ʕaqqara, “to injure”); Active participle

مُعَاقَرَة

Form III: عَاقَرَ (ʕāqara, “to contend with in slaughtering; to cling to, to keep oneself to”); Verbal noun

مُعَاقِر

Form III: عَاقَرَ (ʕāqara, “to contend with in slaughtering; to cling to, to keep oneself to”); Active participle

إِعْقَار

Form IV: أَعْقَرَ (ʔaʕqara, “to stupify”); Verbal noun

مُعْقِر

Form IV: أَعْقَرَ (ʔaʕqara, “to stupify”); Active participle

تَعَقُّر

Form V: تَعَقَّرَ (taʕaqqara, “to become injured”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَقِّر

Form V: تَعَقَّرَ (taʕaqqara, “to become injured”); Active participle

تَعَاقُر

Form VI: تَعَاقَرَ (taʕāqara, “to vie with each other in hamstringing”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَاقِر

Form VI: تَعَاقَرَ (taʕāqara, “to vie with each other in hamstringing”); Active participle

اِنْعِقَار

Form VII: اِنْعَقَرَ (inʕaqara, “to become hamstrung”); Verbal noun

مُنْعَقِر

Form VII: اِنْعَقَرَ (inʕaqara, “to become hamstrung”); Active participle


ض ر ر

An original Proto-Semitic biliteral root, in the same meaning, as evidenced by *ṣ́arrat-.

ضَارّ

Form I: ضَرَّ (ḍarra); Active participle

مُضَرِّر

Form II: ضَرَّرَ (ḍarrara); Active participle

مُضَارّ

Form III: ضَارَّ (ḍārra); Active participle

مُضِرّ

Form IV: أَضَرَّ (ʔaḍarra); Active participle

تَضَرُّر

Form V: تَضَرَّرَ (taḍarrara); Verbal noun

مُتَضَرِّر

Form V: تَضَرَّرَ (taḍarrara); Active participle

تَضَارّ

Form VI: تَضَارَّ (taḍārra); Verbal noun

مُتَضَارّ

Form VI: تَضَارَّ (taḍārra); Active participle

مُضْطَرّ

Form VIII: اِضْطَرَّ (iḍṭarra); Active participle

related to impelling, forcing, compelling, or constraining

related to needfulness, requirement, or necessity

اِضْطِرَار

Form VIII: اِضْطَرَّ (iḍṭarra); Verbal noun

اِضْطِرَار

Form VIII: اُضْطُرَّ (uḍṭurra); Verbal noun


dʰeygʷ-

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Oleg Trubachyov

*dʰeygʷ-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Italic: *feigʷō

Latin: fīvō, later fīgō

Balto-Slavic:

Lithuanian: díegti (“to prick”)

*dʰeygʷ-o-s

Proto-Germanic: *dīkaz (see there for further descendants)

Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *děgati (“to clinch”)

*dʰigʷ-neH-ti

Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *dьgnǫti (“to prick”)

Proto-Albanian: *dʰingʷ-u

Albanian: deng


س و م

سَوْم

Form I: سَامَ (sāma, “to rove, to pasture (camels, sheep, birds, etc.); to offer for sale [with accusative ‘the commodity’ and accusative ‘to whom’]; to urge, to demand, to compel, to impose, etc. [with accusative ‘what’ and accusative ‘to whom’]”); Verbal noun

Form I: سَامَ (sāma, “to rove, to pasture (camels, sheep, birds, etc.); to offer for sale [with accusative ‘the commodity’ and accusative ‘to whom’]; to urge, to demand, to compel, to impose, etc. [with accusative ‘what’ and accusative ‘to whom’]”); Active participle

تَسْوِيم

Form II: سَوَّمَ (sawwama, “to let pasture; to impose; to put a mark upon; to estimate”); Verbal noun

مُسَوِّم

Form II: سَوَّمَ (sawwama, “to let pasture; to impose; to put a mark upon; to estimate”); Active participle

مُسَاوَمَة

Form III: سَاوَمَ (sāwama, “to bargain, to haggle, to palter, to chaffer”); Verbal noun

مُسَاوِم

Form III: سَاوَمَ (sāwama, “to bargain, to haggle, to palter, to chaffer”); Active participle

إِسَامَة

Form IV: أَسَامَ (ʔasāma, “to make pasture; to mark”); Verbal noun

مُسِيم

Form IV: أَسَامَ (ʔasāma, “to make pasture; to mark”); Active participle

تَسَوُّم

Form V: تَسَوَّمَ (tasawwama, “to set a mark upon oneself, to put a token one oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَسَوِّم

Form V: تَسَوَّمَ (tasawwama, “to set a mark upon oneself, to put a token one oneself”); Active participle

تَسَاوُم

Form VI: تَسَاوَمَ (tasāwama, “to haggle with one other”); Verbal noun

مُتَسَاوِم

Form VI: تَسَاوَمَ (tasāwama, “to haggle with one other”); Active participle

اِسْتِيَام

Form VIII: اِسْتَامَ (istāma, “to haggle over, to bargain for”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَام

Form VIII: اِسْتَامَ (istāma, “to haggle over, to bargain for”); Active participle

مَسَامَة

a thick piece of wood at the bottom of the side-posts of a door


हुर्छ्

head

हुर्छ् • (hurch)

sa-root

हुर्छ् • (hurch)

to totter, fall; to fall off from (ablative case)


पश्य्

head

पश्य् • (paśy)

Suppletive root of दृश् (dṛś): to see, look


उपसंगम्

to approach together, to join in approaching (someone).


ह्वृ

ह्वृ • (hvṛ)

sa-root

ह्वृ • (hvṛ)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwel- (“to lie, deceive, bend”); cognate with Ancient Greek φῆλος (phêlos, “deceitful”), Proto-Slavic *zъlъ, Avestan 𐬰𐬎𐬭𐬀𐬵 (zurah, “injustice”), Lithuanian žulas (“rough”), Latvian zveļu (“to turn aside”). Doublet of ह्वल् (hval) and हुस् (hus).

cog

to deviate or diverge from the right line


ح س م

حَاسِم

Form I: حَسَمَ (ḥasama, “to cut”); Active participle

اِنْحِسَام

Form VII: اِنْحَسَمَ (inḥasama, “to be cut”); Verbal noun

مُنْحَسِم

Form VII: اِنْحَسَمَ (inḥasama, “to be cut”); Active participle


स्वृ

head

स्वृ • (svṛ)

sa-root

स्वृ • (svṛ)

स्वर् स्वर्#Sanskrit

Alternative form of स्वर् (svar, “to sound”)


-ZEEZ

From Proto-Athabaskan *ha̓dž ~ *yadž (“singe”).


ل ظ ي

لَظًى

Form I: لَظِيَ (laẓiya, “to be ablaze, to be ignite, to burn, to be in flame”); Verbal noun

Form I: لَظِيَ (laẓiya, “to be ablaze, to be ignite, to burn, to be in flame”); Active participle

تَلْظِيَة

Form II: لَظَّى (laẓẓā, “to set ablaze, to make burn”); Verbal noun

مُلَظٍّ

Form II: لَظَّى (laẓẓā, “to set ablaze, to make burn”); Active participle

تَلَظٍّ

Form V: تَلَظَّى (talaẓẓā, “to be ablaze, to be ignite, to burn, to be in flame”); Verbal noun

مُتَلَظٍّ

Form V: تَلَظَّى (talaẓẓā, “to be ablaze, to be ignite, to burn, to be in flame”); Active participle

اِلْتِظَاء

Form VIII: اِلْتَظَى (iltaẓā, “to be ablaze, to be ignite, to burn, to be in flame”); Verbal noun

مُلْتَظٍ

Form VIII: اِلْتَظَى (iltaẓā, “to be ablaze, to be ignite, to burn, to be in flame”); Active participle


ق ص ص

ar-root

ق ص ص • (q-ṣ-ṣ)

قَصّ

Form I: قَصَّ (qaṣṣa, “to cut, to clip; to narrate”); Verbal noun

قَاصّ

Form I: قَصَّ (qaṣṣa, “to cut, to clip; to narrate”); Active participle

تَقْصِيص

Form II: قَصَّصَ (qaṣṣaṣa, “to cut”); Verbal noun

مُقَصِّص

Form II: قَصَّصَ (qaṣṣaṣa, “to cut”); Active participle

مُقَاصَّة

Form III: قَاصَّ (qāṣṣa, “to retaliate upon”); Verbal noun

مُقَاصّ

Form III: قَاصَّ (qāṣṣa, “to retaliate upon”); Active participle

إِقْصَاص

Form IV: أَقَصَّ (ʔaqaṣṣa, “to cause making cut”); Verbal noun

مُقِصّ

Form IV: أَقَصَّ (ʔaqaṣṣa, “to cause making cut”); Active participle

تَقَصُّص

Form V: تَقَصَّصَ (taqaṣṣaṣa, “to follow, to persecute”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَصِّص

Form V: تَقَصَّصَ (taqaṣṣaṣa, “to follow, to persecute”); Active participle

تَقَاصّ

Form VI: تَقَاصَّ (taqāṣṣa, “to retaliate upon each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَاصّ

Form VI: تَقَاصَّ (taqāṣṣa, “to retaliate upon each other”); Active participle

اِقْتِصَاص

Form VIII: اِقْتَصَّ (iqtaṣṣa, “to follow, to persecute; to become clipped; to retaliate”); Verbal noun

مُقْتَصّ

Form VIII: اِقْتَصَّ (iqtaṣṣa, “to follow, to persecute; to become clipped; to retaliate”); Active participle

اِسْتِقْصَاص

Form X: اِسْتَقَصَّ (istaqaṣṣa, “to demand retaliation from”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَقِصّ

Form X: اِسْتَقَصَّ (istaqaṣṣa, “to demand retaliation from”); Active participle

قُصَاص

the part where the growth of the hair terminates and it gets cut

قُصَّة

piece of hair that sticks out so it would be cut

قَصِيصَة

camel or horse used for following things; Erysimum gen. et spp.


ن و ص

مَنَاص

Form I: نَاصَ (nāṣa, “to escape, to evite, to avoid”); Verbal noun

نَائِص

Form I: نَاصَ (nāṣa, “to escape, to evite, to avoid”); Active participle

مُنَاوَصَة

Form III: نَاوَصَ (nāwaṣa, “to treat, to undertake”); Verbal noun

مُنَاوِص

Form III: نَاوَصَ (nāwaṣa, “to treat, to undertake”); Active participle

إِنَاصَة

Form IV: أَنَاصَ (ʔanāṣa, “to move”); Verbal noun

مُنِيص

Form IV: أَنَاصَ (ʔanāṣa, “to move”); Active participle

اِنْتِيَاص

Form VIII: اِنْتَاصَ (intāṣa, “to glim, to fade”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَاص

Form VIII: اِنْتَاصَ (intāṣa, “to glim, to fade”); Active participle

اِسْتِنَاصَة

Form X: اِسْتَنَاصَ (istanāṣa, “to recede, to remain behind; to move onto the desired track”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنِيص

Form X: اِسْتَنَاصَ (istanāṣa, “to recede, to remain behind; to move onto the desired track”); Active participle


ه د ب

هَدْب

Form I: هَدَبَ (hadaba, “to cull, to abscind, to pluck”); Verbal noun

هَادِب

Form I: هَدَبَ (hadaba, “to cull, to abscind, to pluck”); Active participle

هَدَب

Form I: هَدِبَ (hadiba, “to have long lash, to be endow with prominent fringe, to have long cilia”); Verbal noun

Form I: هَدِبَ (hadiba, “to have long lash, to be endow with prominent fringe, to have long cilia”); Active participle

إِهْدَاب

Form IV: أَهْدَبَ (ʔahdaba, “to have long lash, to be endow with prominent fringe, to have long cilia”); Verbal noun

مُهْدِب

Form IV: أَهْدَبَ (ʔahdaba, “to have long lash, to be endow with prominent fringe, to have long cilia”); Active participle


د ر ي

دِرَايَة

Form I: دَرَى (darā, “to wit, to know”); Verbal noun

دَارٍ

Form I: دَرَى (darā, “to wit, to know”); Active participle

تَدْرِيَة

Form II: دَرَّى (darrā, “to make know; to demit (the hair)”); Verbal noun

مُدَرٍّ

Form II: دَرَّى (darrā, “to make know; to demit (the hair)”); Active participle

مُدَارَاة

Form III: دَارَى (dārā, “to wheedle, to treat with gentle”); Verbal noun

مُدَارٍ

Form III: دَارَى (dārā, “to wheedle, to treat with gentle”); Active participle

إِدْرَاء

Form IV: أَدْرَى (ʔadrā, “to make wit, to make acquainted”); Verbal noun

مُدْرٍ

Form IV: أَدْرَى (ʔadrā, “to make wit, to make acquainted”); Active participle

تَدَرٍّ

Form V: تَدَرَّى (tadarrā, “to deceive, to outsmart; to demit the hair”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَرٍّ

Form V: تَدَرَّى (tadarrā, “to deceive, to outsmart; to demit the hair”); Active participle

تَدَارٍ

Form VI: تَدَارَى (tadārā, “to hide, to conceal oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَارٍ

Form VI: تَدَارَى (tadārā, “to hide, to conceal oneself”); Active participle

اِدِّرَاء

Form VIII: اِدَّرَى (iddarā, “to deceive, to outsmart; to demit the hair”); Verbal noun

مُدَّرٍ

Form VIII: اِدَّرَى (iddarā, “to deceive, to outsmart; to demit the hair”); Active participle

دَرِيَّة

an object behind which one hides to incur upon the game


ن خ ل

نُخَالَة

siftings, what is left after clearing, bran

نَخْل

Form I: نَخَلَ (naḵala, “to sift”); Verbal noun

نَاخِل

Form I: نَخَلَ (naḵala, “to sift”); Active participle

تَنْخِيل

Form II: نَخَّلَ (naḵḵala, “to sift”); Verbal noun

مُنَخِّل

Form II: نَخَّلَ (naḵḵala, “to sift”); Active participle

تَنَخُّل

Form V: تَنَخَّلَ (tanaḵḵala, “to sift”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَخِّل

Form V: تَنَخَّلَ (tanaḵḵala, “to sift”); Active participle

اِنْتِخَال

Form VIII: اِنْتَخَلَ (intaḵala, “to sift”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَخِل

Form VIII: اِنْتَخَلَ (intaḵala, “to sift”); Active participle


ح ش ف

ح ش ف • (ḥ-š-f)

related to things being withdrawn, fouling

حَشَف

Form I: حَشِفَ (ḥašifa, “to become drawn up, to be subject to fouling”); Verbal noun

Form I: حَشِفَ (ḥašifa, “to become drawn up, to be subject to fouling”); Active participle

تَحْشِيف

Form II: حَشَّفَ (ḥaššafa, “to contract”); Verbal noun

مُحَشِّف

Form II: حَشَّفَ (ḥaššafa, “to contract”); Active participle

تَحَشُّف

Form V: تَحَشَّفَ (taḥaššafa, “to dry out; to be dressed shabbily”); Verbal noun

مُتَحَشِّف

Form V: تَحَشَّفَ (taḥaššafa, “to dry out; to be dressed shabbily”); Active participle

اِسْتِحْشَاف

Form X: اِسْتَحْشَفَ (istaḥšafa, “to become contracted”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحْشِف

Form X: اِسْتَحْشَفَ (istaḥšafa, “to become contracted”); Active participle

حَشَف

worst quality of dates; Lantana gen. et spp.; udder dried up


س ح ق

سَحْق

Form I: سَحَقَ (saḥaqa, “to crush, to smush”); Verbal noun

سَاحِق

Form I: سَحَقَ (saḥaqa, “to crush, to smush”); Active participle

سُحْق

Form I: سَحِقَ (saḥiqa, “to be far”); Verbal noun

Form I: سَحِقَ (saḥiqa, “to be far”); Active participle

سُحُوقَة

Form I: سَحُقَ (saḥuqa, “to be far”); Verbal noun

Form I: سَحُقَ (saḥuqa, “to be far”); Active participle

تَسْحِيق

Form II: سَحَّقَ (saḥḥaqa, “to crush, to smush”); Verbal noun

مُسَحِّق

Form II: سَحَّقَ (saḥḥaqa, “to crush, to smush”); Active participle

مُسَاحَقَة

Form III: سَاحَقَ (sāḥaqa, “to rub”); Verbal noun

مُسَاحِق

Form III: سَاحَقَ (sāḥaqa, “to rub”); Active participle

إِسْحَاق

Form IV: أَسْحَقَ (ʔasḥaqa, “to attrit; to set afar, to remove”); Verbal noun

مُسْحِق

Form IV: أَسْحَقَ (ʔasḥaqa, “to attrit; to set afar, to remove”); Active participle

تَسَحُّق

Form V: تَسَحَّقَ (tasaḥḥaqa, “to be crushed, to be smush”); Verbal noun

مُتَسَحِّق

Form V: تَسَحَّقَ (tasaḥḥaqa, “to be crushed, to be smush”); Active participle

تَسَاحُق

Form VI: تَسَاحَقَ (tasāḥaqa, “to rub each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَسَاحِق

Form VI: تَسَاحَقَ (tasāḥaqa, “to rub each other”); Active participle

اِنْسِحَاق

Form VII: اِنْسَحَقَ (insaḥaqa, “to be crushed, to be smush”); Verbal noun

مُنْسَحِق

Form VII: اِنْسَحَقَ (insaḥaqa, “to be crushed, to be smush”); Active participle

سَحُوق

tall, such that the fruits are far to the hands reaching to them

سَحَّاقَة

fricatrix, woman that endulges in rubbing another woman

سَحِيقَة

rain that sweeps away what it passes; fricatrix, tribade


غ ل ل

غَلّ

Form I: غَلَّ (ḡalla, “to yield; to fetter; to insert; to enter”); Verbal noun

غَالّ

Form I: غَلَّ (ḡalla, “to yield; to fetter; to insert; to enter”); Active participle

غِلّ

Form I: غَلَّ (ḡalla, “to thirst for revenge”); Verbal noun

غَالّ

Form I: غَلَّ (ḡalla, “to thirst for revenge”); Active participle

تَغْلِيل

Form II: غَلَّلَ (ḡallala, “to fetter”); Verbal noun

مُغَلِّل

Form II: غَلَّلَ (ḡallala, “to fetter”); Active participle

إِغْلَال

Form IV: أَغَلَّ (ʔaḡalla, “to water; to yield”); Verbal noun

مُغِلّ

Form IV: أَغَلَّ (ʔaḡalla, “to water; to yield”); Active participle

تَغَلُّل

Form V: تَغَلَّلَ (taḡallala, “to enter, to penetrate”); Verbal noun

مُتَغَلِّل

Form V: تَغَلَّلَ (taḡallala, “to enter, to penetrate”); Active participle

اِغْتِلَال

Form VIII: اِغْتَلَّ (iḡtalla, “to be thirsty; to drink; to put on (the garment)”); Verbal noun

مُغْتَلّ

Form VIII: اِغْتَلَّ (iḡtalla, “to be thirsty; to drink; to put on (the garment)”); Active participle

اِسْتِغْلَال

Form X: اِسْتَغَلَّ (istaḡalla, “to reap; to desire from X to bring yield”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَغِلّ

Form X: اِسْتَغَلَّ (istaḡalla, “to reap; to desire from X to bring yield”); Active participle

غُلَيْلَة

غِلَالَة (ḡilāla, “garment lying right upon the body”)


ط ر ء

ط ر ء • (ṭ-r-ʔ)

طَرْء

Form I: طَرَأَ (ṭaraʔa, “to encroach upon, to pour in upon, to come unforeseen to”); Verbal noun

طَارِئ

Form I: طَرَأَ (ṭaraʔa, “to encroach upon, to pour in upon, to come unforeseen to”); Active participle


و د د

وُدّ

Form I: وَدَّ (wadda, “to love, to have affection for; to wish”); Verbal noun

Form I: وَدَّ (wadda, “to love, to have affection for; to wish”); Active participle

مُوَادَّة

Form III: وَادَّ (wādda, “to make friends with”); Verbal noun

مُوَادّ

Form III: وَادَّ (wādda, “to make friends with”); Active participle

تَوَدُّد

Form V: تَوَدَّدَ (tawaddada, “to show affection to, to woo”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَدِّد

Form V: تَوَدَّدَ (tawaddada, “to show affection to, to woo”); Active participle

تَوَادّ

Form VI: تَوَادَّ (tawādda, “to be friends”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَادّ

Form VI: تَوَادَّ (tawādda, “to be friends”); Active participle


ع و ق

عَوْق

Form I: عَاقَ (ʕāqa, “to hamper, to be an obstacle to, to obstruct, to impair, to impede”); Verbal noun

Form I: عَاقَ (ʕāqa, “to hamper, to be an obstacle to, to obstruct, to impair, to impede”); Active participle

تَعْوِيق

Form II: عَوَّقَ (ʕawwaqa, “to hamper, to be an obstacle to, to obstruct, to impair, to impede”); Verbal noun

مُعَوِّق

Form II: عَوَّقَ (ʕawwaqa, “to hamper, to be an obstacle to, to obstruct, to impair, to impede”); Active participle

إِعَاقَة

Form IV: أَعَاقَ (ʔaʕāqa, “to hamper, to be an obstacle to, to obstruct, to impair, to impede”); Verbal noun

مُعِيق

Form IV: أَعَاقَ (ʔaʕāqa, “to hamper, to be an obstacle to, to obstruct, to impair, to impede”); Active participle

تَعَوُّق

Form V: تَعَوَّقَ (taʕawwaqa, “to be hamper, to be obstruct, to be impair, to be impede”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَوِّق

Form V: تَعَوَّقَ (taʕawwaqa, “to be hamper, to be obstruct, to be impair, to be impede”); Active participle

اِنْعِيَاق

Form VII: اِنْعَاقَ (inʕāqa, “to be hamper, to be obstruct, to be impair, to be impede”); Verbal noun

مُنْعَاق

Form VII: اِنْعَاقَ (inʕāqa, “to be hamper, to be obstruct, to be impair, to be impede”); Active participle

اِعْتِيَاق

Form VIII: اِعْتَاقَ (iʕtāqa, “to hamper, to be an obstacle to, to obstruct, to impair, to impede; to be hamper, to be obstruct, to be impair, to be impede”); Verbal noun

مُعْتَاق

Form VIII: اِعْتَاقَ (iʕtāqa, “to hamper, to be an obstacle to, to obstruct, to impair, to impede; to be hamper, to be obstruct, to be impair, to be impede”); Active participle


ر خ م

related to being of an enjoyable surface

رَخَامَة

Form I: رَخُمَ (raḵuma, “to gentle, to be enjoyable, to be dulcet”); Verbal noun

Form I: رَخُمَ (raḵuma, “to gentle, to be enjoyable, to be dulcet”); Active participle

رَخْم

Form I: رَخَمَ (raḵama, “to treat with gentle, to be enjoyable to, to play with; to incubate, to brood, to hatch”); Verbal noun

رَاخِم

Form I: رَخَمَ (raḵama, “to treat with gentle, to be enjoyable to, to play with; to incubate, to brood, to hatch”); Active participle

تَرْخِيم

Form II: رَخَّمَ (raḵḵama, “to make gentle, to make dulcet; to apply aphaeresis upon, to curtail; to cover with marble”); Verbal noun

مُرَخِّم

Form II: رَخَّمَ (raḵḵama, “to make gentle, to make dulcet; to apply aphaeresis upon, to curtail; to cover with marble”); Active participle

إِرْخَام

Form IV: أَرْخَمَ (ʔarḵama, “to brood upon, to hatch”); Verbal noun

مُرْخِم

Form IV: أَرْخَمَ (ʔarḵama, “to brood upon, to hatch”); Active participle

اِرْتِخَام

Form VIII: اِرْتَخَمَ (irtaḵama, “to be of affection and cleave to”); Verbal noun

مُرْتَخِم

Form VIII: اِرْتَخَمَ (irtaḵama, “to be of affection and cleave to”); Active participle

رَخَم

gentleness, lovingkindness, affection; thick milk


ط ر و

Compare Classical Syriac ܛܪܘܢܐ (ṭarrūnā, “fresh”), Ge'ez ጥራይ (ṭəray, “fresh”), Shehri ṭeriʾ (“fresh”), Hebrew טָרִי (ṭārī, “fresh”), Ugaritic 𐎉𐎗𐎊 (ṭry, “fresh”).

cog

طَرَاء

Form I: طَرِيَ (ṭariya, “to be fresh, to be still juicy or moist”); Verbal noun

Form I: طَرِيَ (ṭariya, “to be fresh, to be still juicy or moist”); Active participle

طَرَاء

Form I: طَرُوَ (ṭaruwa, “to be fresh, to be still juicy or moist”); Verbal noun

Form I: طَرُوَ (ṭaruwa, “to be fresh, to be still juicy or moist”); Active participle

تَطْرِيَة

Form II: طَرَّى (ṭarrā, “to render fresh, juicy, moist; to mollify”); Verbal noun

مُطَرٍّ

Form II: طَرَّى (ṭarrā, “to render fresh, juicy, moist; to mollify”); Active participle

إِطْرَاء

Form IV: أَطْرَى (ʔaṭrā, “to praise, to eulogize, to commend”); Verbal noun

مُطْرٍ

Form IV: أَطْرَى (ʔaṭrā, “to praise, to eulogize, to commend”); Active participle

تَطَرٍّ

Form V: تَطَرَّى (taṭarrā, “to be mollified; to be refresh”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَرٍّ

Form V: تَطَرَّى (taṭarrā, “to be mollified; to be refresh”); Active participle


ب ش ر

بَشْر

Form I: بَشَرَ (bašara, “to peel”); Verbal noun

بَاشِر

Form I: بَشَرَ (bašara, “to peel”); Active participle

أَبْشَر

بَشِير (bašīr, “who announces joyful events; fair, sheen, of a gladdening appearance”)

related to flesh, complexion of the skin

بَشَر

Form I: بَشِرَ (bašira, “to rejoice”), بَشَرَ (bašara, “to rejoice”); Verbal noun

بَاشِر

Form I: بَشِرَ (bašira, “to rejoice”), بَشَرَ (bašara, “to rejoice”); Active participle

تَبْشِير

Form II: بَشَّرَ (baššara, “to bring good news”); Verbal noun

مُبَشِّر

Form II: بَشَّرَ (baššara, “to bring good news”); Active participle

مُبَاشَرَة

Form III: بَاشَرَ (bāšara, “to carry out, to perform”); Verbal noun

مُبَاشِر

Form III: بَاشَرَ (bāšara, “to carry out, to perform”); Active participle

إِبْشَار

Form IV: أَبْشَرَ (ʔabšara, “to rejoice upon; to make beautiful and bright”); Verbal noun

مُبْشِر

Form IV: أَبْشَرَ (ʔabšara, “to rejoice upon; to make beautiful and bright”); Active participle

تَبَشُّر

Form V: تَبَشَّرَ (tabaššara, “to rejoice”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَشِّر

Form V: تَبَشَّرَ (tabaššara, “to rejoice”); Active participle

تَبَاشُر

Form VI: تَبَاشَرَ (tabāšara, “to announce a joyful event to each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَاشِر

Form VI: تَبَاشَرَ (tabāšara, “to announce a joyful event to each other”); Active participle

اِنْبِشَار

Form VII: اِنْبَشَرَ (inbašara, “to be peeled, to be pared”); Verbal noun

مُنْبَشِر

Form VII: اِنْبَشَرَ (inbašara, “to be peeled, to be pared”); Active participle

اِسْتِبْشَار

Form X: اِسْتَبْشَرَ (istabšara, “to rejoice upon”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَبْشِر

Form X: اِسْتَبْشَرَ (istabšara, “to rejoice upon”); Active participle


ه ن ء

related to things being wholesome, salutiferous

هَنْء

Form I: هَنَأَ (hanaʔa, “to be wholesome to, to help, to sustain, to be beneficial to”); Verbal noun

هَانِئ

Form I: هَنَأَ (hanaʔa, “to be wholesome to, to help, to sustain, to be beneficial to”); Active participle

هَنَأ

Form I: هَنِئَ (haniʔa, “to rejoice, to relish, to benefit from”); Verbal noun

Form I: هَنِئَ (haniʔa, “to rejoice, to relish, to benefit from”); Active participle

تَهْنِيء

Form II: هَنَّأَ (hannaʔa, “to make rejoice; to congratulate”); Verbal noun

مُهَنِّئ

Form II: هَنَّأَ (hannaʔa, “to make rejoice; to congratulate”); Active participle

تَهَنُّؤ

Form V: تَهَنَّأَ (tahannaʔa, “to relish”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَنِّئ

Form V: تَهَنَّأَ (tahannaʔa, “to relish”); Active participle

تَهَانُؤ

Form VI: تَهَانَأَ (tahānaʔa, “to congratulate each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَانِئ

Form VI: تَهَانَأَ (tahānaʔa, “to congratulate each other”); Active participle

اِهْتِنَاء

Form VIII: اِهْتَنَأَ (ihtanaʔa, “to administrate well”); Verbal noun

مُهْتَنِئ

Form VIII: اِهْتَنَأَ (ihtanaʔa, “to administrate well”); Active participle

اِسْتِهْنَاء

Form X: اِسْتَهْنَأَ (istahnaʔa, “to ask for the beneficence of”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَهْنِئ

Form X: اِسْتَهْنَأَ (istahnaʔa, “to ask for the beneficence of”); Active participle


ج د ل

جَدْل

Form I: جَدَلَ (jadala, “to twist, to braid, to weave”); Verbal noun

جَادِل

Form I: جَدَلَ (jadala, “to twist, to braid, to weave”); Active participle

تَجْدِيل

Form II: جَدَّلَ (jaddala, “to twist, to braid, to weave”); Verbal noun

مُجَدِّل

Form II: جَدَّلَ (jaddala, “to twist, to braid, to weave”); Active participle

مُجَادَلَة

Form III: جَادَلَ (jādala, “to argue”); Verbal noun

مُجَادِل

Form III: جَادَلَ (jādala, “to argue”); Active participle

إِجْدَال

Form IV: أَجْدَلَ (ʔajdala, “to have children that already can walk the ground alone”); Verbal noun

مُجْدِل

Form IV: أَجْدَلَ (ʔajdala, “to have children that already can walk the ground alone”); Active participle

تَجَدُّل

Form V: تَجَدَّلَ (tajaddala, “to fall upon the ground”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَدِّل

Form V: تَجَدَّلَ (tajaddala, “to fall upon the ground”); Active participle

تَجَادُل

Form VI: تَجَادَلَ (tajādala, “to argue with each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَادِل

Form VI: تَجَادَلَ (tajādala, “to argue with each other”); Active participle

اِنْجِدَال

Form VII: اِنْجَدَلَ (injadala, “to fall upon the ground”); Verbal noun

مُنْجَدِل

Form VII: اِنْجَدَلَ (injadala, “to fall upon the ground”); Active participle

مِجْدَال

block of stone, ashlar; someone who disputes much


len-

*len-tos

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lentas

Lithuanian: leñtas

desc

Proto-Germanic: *linþaz (“flexible, soft”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *lentos

Latin: lentus (“pliant, flexible; slow”)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Germanic: *linwaz (“soft, mild, gentle”)


ص و ل

صَوْل

Form I: صَالَ (ṣāla, “to jump furious against the enemy, to spring in agitation; to rush upon, to make an assault, to attack; to be in power, to hold sway”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَالَ (ṣāla, “to jump furious against the enemy, to spring in agitation; to rush upon, to make an assault, to attack; to be in power, to hold sway”); Active participle

تَصْوِيل

Form II: صَوَّلَ (ṣawwala, “to extract by means of water, to wash out”); Verbal noun

مُصَوِّل

Form II: صَوَّلَ (ṣawwala, “to extract by means of water, to wash out”); Active participle

مُصَاوَلَة

Form III: صَاوَلَ (ṣāwala, “to assail”); Verbal noun

مُصَاوِل

Form III: صَاوَلَ (ṣāwala, “to assail”); Active participle

تَصَاوُل

Form VI: تَصَاوَلَ (taṣāwala, “to assail each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَصَاوِل

Form VI: تَصَاوَلَ (taṣāwala, “to assail each other”); Active participle


ر ح ل

مُرَاحِل

Form III: رَاحَلَ (rāḥala, “to aid perform departure”); Active participle

اِرْتِحَال

Form VIII: اِرْتَحَلَ (irtaḥala, “to saddle, to mount, to ride; to depart”); Verbal noun

رُحْلَة

destination of departure; the quality of being fit for saddling; swiftness, fleetness

رَحْل

saddle; saddlebags; luggage; stopping place

رَحَّال

journeying much, roving, roaming; skilled in saddling

رِحَالَة

saddle; assemblage of tents, group of huts of voyagers

مَرْحَلَة

a station of travellers, a large measure of length

رَحِيل

Form I: رَحَلَ (raḥala, “to depart”); Verbal noun

تَرْحِيل

Form II: رَحَّلَ (raḥḥala, “to make depart, to send out”); Verbal noun

مُرَاحَلَة

Form III: رَاحَلَ (rāḥala, “to aid perform departure”); Verbal noun

إِرْحَال

Form IV: أَرْحَلَ (ʔarḥala, “to train or become fit for journey”); Verbal noun

تَرَحُّل

Form V: تَرَحَّلَ (taraḥḥala, “to journey, to roam”); Verbal noun

تَرَاحُل

Form VI: تَرَاحَلَ (tarāḥala, “to depart together”); Verbal noun

رَاحِل

Form I: رَحَلَ (raḥala, “to depart”); Active participle

مُرَحِّل

Form II: رَحَّلَ (raḥḥala, “to make depart, to send out”); Active participle

مُرْحِل

Form IV: أَرْحَلَ (ʔarḥala, “to train or become fit for journey”); Active participle

مُتَرَحِّل

Form V: تَرَحَّلَ (taraḥḥala, “to journey, to roam”); Active participle

مُتَرَاحِل

Form VI: تَرَاحَلَ (tarāḥala, “to depart together”); Active participle

مُرْتَحِل

Form VIII: اِرْتَحَلَ (irtaḥala, “to saddle, to mount, to ride; to depart”); Active participle

اِسْتِرْحَال

Form X: اِسْتَرْحَلَ (istarḥala, “to ask to put the saddle on, to ask to journey”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَرْحِل

Form X: اِسْتَرْحَلَ (istarḥala, “to ask to put the saddle on, to ask to journey”); Active participle


*h₂lég-e-ti (thematic root verb)

>? Proto-Germanic: *lekaną

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *lēkiz (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *alégō

Ancient Greek: ἀλέγω (alégō, “to care, mind, heed”)

desctree

Proto-Italic: *legō
Latin: *legō (only in dī-ligō, intel-legō, neg-legō (these may be derivatives of Latin legō, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-, but were at least influenced by this verb))
⇒ Latin: *religō (“to observe”)
⇒ Latin: religiō (“reverence”) (see there for further descendants)
Oscan: leíguss
Paelignian: lexe

*h₂lḗg-s-t (s-aorist)

Italic:

Latin: -lēxī (in compounds above)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Hellenic:

>? Ancient Greek: ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


उष्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews- (“to burn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek εὕω (heúō), Latin ūrō.


*dʰe-dʰónh₂-e (stative)

Proto-Hellenic:

desc

Ancient Greek: τέθνᾰμεν (téthnamen, 1sg.pf.)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dadʰā́nHa

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dadʰā́nHa

Vedic Sanskrit: दधन्वाँस् (dadhanvā́m̐s-, “running”, ptc.)

*dʰénh₂- ~ dʰn̥h₂-u- (present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰánwati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰánwati

Sanskrit: धन्वति (dhánvati)

*dʰonh₂-éye-ti (causative)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰánayati

Proto-Iranian: *dánayati

Persian: دنیدن (danidan, “to hasten, run”)

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Vedic Sanskrit: धनयति (dhanáyati, “to set in motion”)

>? Proto-Germanic: *daniz (“Dane”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰánHas

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰánHas

Sanskrit: धन (dhána, “competition, contest, strife; prize”)

>? Proto-Hellenic: *tʰnāiskō

Ancient Greek: θνῄσκω (thnḗiskō, “to die”), ἔθᾰνον (éthanon, aor.)

*dʰónh₂-ti-s ~ *dʰn̥h₂-téy-s

Proto-Italic: *fontis

Latin: fōns (“fountain, (well)spring, source”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Sanskrit: दधन्ति (dadhanti)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰanH-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰanH-

Sanskrit: धन् (√dhan)

Proto-Tocharian: *tsän-

Tocharian A: tsno (“to flow”, pf.ptc.)

Tocharian A: tsnāntär (subjunctive)

Tocharian B: *tsnamo (“flowing”)


ش و ل

شَوْل

Form I: شَالَ (šāla, “to rise, to become elevate; to raise, to elevate”); Verbal noun

Form I: شَالَ (šāla, “to rise, to become elevate; to raise, to elevate”); Active participle

مُشَوِّل

Form II: شَوَّلَ (šawwala); Active participle

مُشَاوَلَة

Form III: شَاوَلَ (šāwala, “to contend against with spears”); Verbal noun

مُشَاوِل

Form III: شَاوَلَ (šāwala, “to contend against with spears”); Active participle

إِشَالَة

Form IV: أَشَالَ (ʔašāla, “to raise”); Verbal noun

مُشِيل

Form IV: أَشَالَ (ʔašāla, “to raise”); Active participle

تَشَاوُل

Form VI: تَشَاوَلَ (tašāwala, “to contend against each other with spears”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَاوِل

Form VI: تَشَاوَلَ (tašāwala, “to contend against each other with spears”); Active participle

اِنْشِيَال

Form VII: اِنْشَالَ (inšāla, “to be raised”); Verbal noun

مُنْشَال

Form VII: اِنْشَالَ (inšāla, “to be raised”); Active participle

اِشْتِيَال

Form VIII: اِشْتَالَ (ištāla, “to revile, to maledict”); Verbal noun

مُشْتَال

Form VIII: اِشْتَالَ (ištāla, “to revile, to maledict”); Active participle

شُوَيْلَاء

Artemisia abrotanum or Artemisia absinthium

شَائِلَة

a she-camel that has passed seven months pregnancy


stegʷʰ-

*stégʷʰ-e- (“thematic present”)

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: στέφω (stéphō)

*stégʷʰ-s- (“s-aorist”)

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἔστεψα (éstepsa)

Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *stožěrъ (“pivot”)

Bulgarian: стожер (stožer)


stebʰ-

*stebʰ-h₁-yé-ti (essive present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Lithuanian: stebėti

*st-né-bʰ-ti ~ *stn̥bʰ-énti (nasal infix)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stámbʰatay (rebuilt)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stámbʰatay

Sanskrit: स्तम्भते (stámbhate)

⇒ Sanskrit: स्तम्भ (stámbha, “pillar”) (see there for further descendants)

*stobʰ-néH-ti (transitive perfective)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stabʰnā́ti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stabʰnā́ti

Sanskrit: स्तभ्नाति (stabhnā́ti, “to support, strengthen”)

*stebʰ-lóm

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

q

>? Proto-Slavic: *stьblò (intertwined with *steybʰ- (“to puncture”), see *stьbъ) (see there for further descendants)

*stóbʰ-o-s

Proto-Germanic: *stabaz (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stabas

Latvian: stabs (“pole”)

Lithuanian: stãbas (“idol”)

Proto-Slavic: *stoborъ (“column”) (+ *-orъ) (see there for further descendants)

*stebʰ-ró-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stabʰrás

Proto-Iranian: *stabráh

Middle Persian:

desc

Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫤𐫁𐫡 (ʾstbr /istabr/)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (stabr)

*stebʰ-tó-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stabdʰás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stabdʰás

Sanskrit: स्तब्ध (stabdha) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *stabdáh

Parthian:

Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫤𐫜𐫤 (ʾstft /istaft/)

Middle Persian:

Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫤𐫛𐫤 (ʾstpt /istaft/)

Unsorted formations:

Hellenic:

>? Ancient Greek: σταφυλή (staphulḗ) (most likely Pre-Greek) (see there for further descendants)

Indo-Iranian:

→ Proto-Finnic: *sambas (see there for further descendants)


bʰrekʷ-

*bʰr̥kʷ-yé-ti (“ye-present”)

Proto-Italic: *farkjō

Latin: farciō (“to cram, fill completely, stuff”)

q

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰrakʷjō (possibly, or perhaps from *bʰerǵʰ- (“to be high; to rise”))

desc

Ancient Greek: φράσσω (phrássō, “to fence”)

*bʰr̥kʷ-s-

Proto-Italic: *fraksō (“to patrol”)

Latin: fraxō

*bʰrékʷ-nt-s ~ *bʰr̥kʷ-nt-ós

Proto-Italic: *frekʷents

Latin: frequēns (“occurring at close intervals”)

Reconstructed with a labiovelar to include Latin frequēns, but due to this unusual root structure, possibly a substrate borrowing.


streyg-

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Rick Derksen

*stréyg-e- (“thematic present”)

Proto-Germanic: *strīkaną (“to stroke, rub”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Slavic: *striťi (“to cut (hair, fleece, grass), shear, to slip”) (see there for further descendants)

*stri-né-g- (“ne-present”)

Proto-Italic: *stringō

Latin: stringō (“to draw tight, to stip off, prune, to touch lightly”) (see there for further descendants)

*strig-ís (may derive from *ster- (“line”))

Proto-Germanic: *strikiz (“line, streak”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Slavic: *strižьka (“haircut, hairdo”) (root *-i- elongated due to Winter's law)

*stréyg-o-s

Proto-Germanic: *straikaz (“stroke”)

Proto-West Germanic: *straik (“stroke, line, dash”) (see there for further descendants)


ب ل و

بَلْو

Form I: بَلَا (balā, “to try, to test”); Verbal noun

بَالٍ

Form I: بَلَا (balā, “to try, to test”); Active participle

بِلًى

Form I: بَلِيَ (baliya, “to wear out, to attrit; to decay, to rot”); Verbal noun

Form I: بَلِيَ (baliya, “to wear out, to attrit; to decay, to rot”); Active participle

تَبْلِيَة

Form II: بَلَّى (ballā, “to make worn out”); Verbal noun

مُبَلٍّ

Form II: بَلَّى (ballā, “to make worn out”); Active participle

مُبَالَاة

Form III: بَالَى (bālā, “to take notice of, to mind, to heed”); Verbal noun

مُبَالٍ

Form III: بَالَى (bālā, “to take notice of, to mind, to heed”); Active participle

إِبْلَاء

Form IV: أَبْلَى (ʔablā, “to render worn out”); Verbal noun

مُبْلٍ

Form IV: أَبْلَى (ʔablā, “to render worn out”); Active participle

اِبْتِلَاء

Form VIII: اِبْتَلَى (ibtalā, “to afflict, to wrack”); Verbal noun

مُبْتَلٍ

Form VIII: اِبْتَلَى (ibtalā, “to afflict, to wrack”); Active participle

شَرُّ الْبَلِيَّةِ مَا يُضْحِكُ

بَلِيَّة (baliyya, “vestment or camel worn away; amorous adventure”)


ل ه و

لَهْو

Form I: لَهَا (lahā, “to divert oneself”); Verbal noun

لَاهٍ

Form I: لَهَا (lahā, “to divert oneself”); Active participle

لُهِيّ

Form I: لَهَا (lahā, “to turn one's back to, to give up, to abstain”); Verbal noun

لَاهٍ

Form I: لَهَا (lahā, “to turn one's back to, to give up, to abstain”); Active participle

لَهًى

Form I: لَهِيَ (lahiya, “to withdraw from, to give up, to turn one's back to; to be enamoured, to be oblectate”); Verbal noun

Form I: لَهِيَ (lahiya, “to withdraw from, to give up, to turn one's back to; to be enamoured, to be oblectate”); Active participle

تَلْهِيَة

Form II: لَهَّى (lahhā, “to divert”); Verbal noun

مُلَهٍّ

Form II: لَهَّى (lahhā, “to divert”); Active participle

مُلَاهَاة

Form III: لَاهَى (lāhā, “to come near to, to be near too; to distract, to divert”); Verbal noun

مُلَاهٍ

Form III: لَاهَى (lāhā, “to come near to, to be near too; to distract, to divert”); Active participle

إِلْهَاء

Form IV: أَلْهَى (ʔalhā, “to divert”); Verbal noun

مُلْهٍ

Form IV: أَلْهَى (ʔalhā, “to divert”); Active participle

تَلَهٍّ

Form V: تَلَهَّى (talahhā, “to amuse oneself with, to delight in”); Verbal noun

مُتَلَهٍّ

Form V: تَلَهَّى (talahhā, “to amuse oneself with, to delight in”); Active participle

اِلْتِهَاء

Form VIII: اِلْتَهَى (iltahā, “to play around, to futz around”); Verbal noun

مُلْتَهٍ

Form VIII: اِلْتَهَى (iltahā, “to play around, to futz around”); Active participle


ث غ ر

ar-root

ث غ ر • (ṯ-ḡ-r)

Compare Akkadian 𒇵𒅈 (/šaʾāru/, “to vanquish”), Ugaritic 𐎘𐎙𐎗 (ṯġr), Hebrew שׁ־ע־ר (š-ʿ-r), Aramaic ת־ע־ר (t-ʿ-r) / ܬ-ܪ-ܥ (t-r-ʿ), Tigre / Tigrinya / Amharic / Sebat Bet Gurage / Harari / Ge'ez ሰ ዐ ረ (s-ʿ-r).

ثَغْر

Form I: ثَغَرَ (ṯaḡara, “to cause to have a gap”); Verbal noun

ثَاغِر

Form I: ثَغَرَ (ṯaḡara, “to cause to have a gap”); Active participle

مُثَاغَرَة

Form III: ثَاغَرَ (ṯāḡara, “to stay at the frontline”); Verbal noun

مُثَاغِر

Form III: ثَاغَرَ (ṯāḡara, “to stay at the frontline”); Active participle

اِثِّغَار

Form VIII: اِثَّغَرَ (iṯṯaḡara, “to breed teeth on the front”); Verbal noun

مُثَّغِر

Form VIII: اِثَّغَرَ (iṯṯaḡara, “to breed teeth on the front”); Active participle

مَثْغَر

place where a tooth passes, gum; place where an enemy passes


ن ص و

نَصْو

Form I: نَصَا (naṣā, “to catch by the forelock”); Verbal noun

نَاصٍ

Form I: نَصَا (naṣā, “to catch by the forelock”); Active participle

مُنَاصَاة

Form III: نَاصَى (nāṣā, “to fight against by catching the forelock”); Verbal noun

مُنَاصٍ

Form III: نَاصَى (nāṣā, “to fight against by catching the forelock”); Active participle

إِنْصَاء

Form IV: أَنْصَى (ʔanṣā, “to catch by the forelock”); Verbal noun

مُنْصٍ

Form IV: أَنْصَى (ʔanṣā, “to catch by the forelock”); Active participle

تَنَصٍّ

Form V: تَنَصَّى (tanaṣṣā, “to be conjoint with; to curl one’s forelocks”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَصٍّ

Form V: تَنَصَّى (tanaṣṣā, “to be conjoint with; to curl one’s forelocks”); Active participle

تَنَاصٍ

Form VI: تَنَاصَى (tanāṣā, “to catch other by the forelock”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَاصٍ

Form VI: تَنَاصَى (tanāṣā, “to catch other by the forelock”); Active participle

اِنْتِصَاء

Form VIII: اِنْتَصَى (intaṣā, “to be sent forth; to be long and broad”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَصٍ

Form VIII: اِنْتَصَى (intaṣā, “to be sent forth; to be long and broad”); Active participle


𐎲𐎼

Persian: بردن

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Cognates include Sanskrit भृ (bhṛ), English bear.


م و ر

مَوْر

Form I: مَارَ (māra, “to budge, to move forth, to rise across the surface, to fluctuate, to undergo commotion”); Verbal noun

Form I: مَارَ (māra, “to budge, to move forth, to rise across the surface, to fluctuate, to undergo commotion”); Active participle

إِمَارَة

Form IV: أَمَارَ (ʔamāra, “to excite, to move”); Verbal noun

مُمِير

Form IV: أَمَارَ (ʔamāra, “to excite, to move”); Active participle

تَمَوُّر

Form V: تَمَوَّرَ (tamawwara, “to budge, to move forth, to rise across the surface, to fluctuate, to undergo commotion”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَوِّر

Form V: تَمَوَّرَ (tamawwara, “to budge, to move forth, to rise across the surface, to fluctuate, to undergo commotion”); Active participle

اِنْمِيَار

Form VII: اِنْمَارَ (inmāra, “to be torn”); Verbal noun

مُنْمَار

Form VII: اِنْمَارَ (inmāra, “to be torn”); Active participle

اِمْتِيَار

Form VIII: اِمْتَارَ (imtāra, “to evaginate, to evert”); Verbal noun

مُمْتَار

Form VIII: اِمْتَارَ (imtāra, “to evaginate, to evert”); Active participle


kʷeyt-

*(s)kʷéyt-t ~ *(s)kit-ént (root aorist)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *(s)keistéi

Latvian: šķist

Proto-Slavic: *čisti (see there for further descendants)

*kʷéyt-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáytati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáytati

Sanskrit: चेतति (cétati, “to perceive”)

*(s)kʷéyt-eh₂-yé-ti (iterative present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *(s)keitā́ˀtei

Lithuanian: skaityti

Latvian: skaitīt

Proto-Slavic: *čitati (see there for further descendants)

*kʷoyt-éye-ti (causative)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čaytáyati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćaytáyati

desc

Sanskrit: चेतयति (cetáyati, “to make one attentive; to observe; to get accustomed to”)

*kʷi-kʷóy-te (perfective)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čikáyta

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćikáyta

Sanskrit: चिकेत (cikéta, “knew”)

*kʷéyt-os ~ kʷéyt-es-

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáytas

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáytas

Sanskrit: चेतस् (cétas)

*(s)kʷít-tis

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *(s)kístis

Proto-Slavic: *čьstь (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čítˢtiš (see there for further descendants)

Per LIV, it is assumed that the root is a t-extension of *kʷey- (“to estimate”).


ح ر س

حَارِس

Form I: حَرَسَ (ḥarasa); Active participle

Form I: حَرِسَ (ḥarisa); Active participle

مُحَرِّس

Form II: حَرَّسَ (ḥarrasa); Active participle

إِحْرَاس

Form IV: أَحْرَسَ (ʔaḥrasa); Verbal noun

مُحْرِس

Form IV: أَحْرَسَ (ʔaḥrasa); Active participle

تَحَرُّس

Form V: تَحَرَّسَ (taḥarrasa); Verbal noun

مُتَحَرِّس

Form V: تَحَرَّسَ (taḥarrasa); Active participle

تَحَارُس

Form VI: تَحَارَسَ (taḥārasa); Verbal noun

مُتَحَارِس

Form VI: تَحَارَسَ (taḥārasa); Active participle

اِحْتِرَاس

Form VIII: اِحْتَرَسَ (iḥtarasa); Verbal noun

مُحْتَرِس

Form VIII: اِحْتَرَسَ (iḥtarasa); Active participle

اِسْتِحْرَاس

Form X: اِسْتَحْرَسَ (istaḥrasa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحْرِس

Form X: اِسْتَحْرَسَ (istaḥrasa); Active participle

حَرِيسَة

what is guarded or kept; wall for cattle


ن ج ر

نَجْر

Form I: نَجَرَ (najara, “to heat; to be hot”); Verbal noun

نَاجِر

Form I: نَجَرَ (najara, “to heat; to be hot”); Active participle

إِنْجَار

Form IV: أَنْجَرَ (ʔanjara, “to propose the dish نَجِيرَة (najīra) to”); Verbal noun

مُنْجِر

Form IV: أَنْجَرَ (ʔanjara, “to propose the dish نَجِيرَة (najīra) to”); Active participle

نَجِيرَة

heating stone; milk mixed with butter or starch


ن ج ر

Denominal from the loanword نَجَّار (najjār, “carpenter”).

نَاجِر

Form I: نَجَرَ (najara, “to hew, to plane”); Active participle

تَنْجِير

Form II: نَجَّرَ (najjara, “to hew, to plane”); Verbal noun

مُنَجِّر

Form II: نَجَّرَ (najjara, “to hew, to plane”); Active participle


ن ج ر

Unclear if from senses of heat, since heat is what moves and spawns everything, or from carpenters making door-sills, or metathesized from رِجْل (rijl, “foot”), considering that Aramaic נִגְרָא / נִיגְרָא / ܢܓܪܐ (niḡra) is such a metathesis having both the literal sense of a foot and transferred senses, or even Late Middle Persian equalling Classical Persian نژاد (nižād, “lineage, root, origin”).

bor

Aramaic נִגְרָא

cog

related to spawning shapes, stock, sill, root


ن ج ر

Metathesis of جُرْن (jurn, “mortar”), possibly influenced by the sense of carpentry since one hews in a mortar.


sterbʰ-

*(s)dʰerbʰ-e-ti (thematic present)

desc

Proto-Germanic: *sterbaną (“to become stiff”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *derbaną (“to perish”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)dʰerbʰ-/*(s)dʰr̥bʰ-ti (aorist)

Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *stьrbnǫti (suffixed with *-neH-)

Lithuanian: dirbti (“to work”)

*storbʰ-eye-ti (causative)

Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *storbiti

Old Church Slavonic: oустрабити (oustrabiti, “to relieve pain, to heal”)

*sterbʰ-os

Ancient Greek: στέρφος (stérphos, “skin”)

* According to LIV, the root is an example of Siebs's law, probably from *dʰer- (“to hold, to support”) enlarged by *-bʰ;
* or it could be just an enlargement of *sterh₃- (“to stretch”) or of *sterh₁- (“to be stiff”).


ر س ب

related to things being left over on the ground

رُسُوب

Form I: رَسَبَ (rasaba, “to subside, to sink; to fail, to flunk”); Verbal noun

رَاسِب

Form I: رَسَبَ (rasaba, “to subside, to sink; to fail, to flunk”); Active participle

تَرْسِيب

Form II: رَسَّبَ (rassaba, “to make subside, to make sink, to deposit, to precipitate”); Verbal noun

مُرَسِّب

Form II: رَسَّبَ (rassaba, “to make subside, to make sink, to deposit, to precipitate”); Active participle

إِرْسَاب

Form IV: أَرْسَبَ (ʔarsaba, “to make subside, to make sink, to deposit, to precipitate”); Verbal noun

مُرْسِب

Form IV: أَرْسَبَ (ʔarsaba, “to make subside, to make sink, to deposit, to precipitate”); Active participle

تَرَسُّب

Form V: تَرَسَّبَ (tarassaba, “to subside, to be retain, to be left over, to undergo precipitation”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَسِّب

Form V: تَرَسَّبَ (tarassaba, “to subside, to be retain, to be left over, to undergo precipitation”); Active participle


ر س و

Compare ر س خ (r-s-ḵ), Ge'ez ረ ሰ የ (r-s-y), ረ ሰ ወ (r-s-w).

رُسُوّ

Form I: رَسَا (rasā, “to become firmly based, to become fixed, to anchor”); Verbal noun

رَاسٍ

Form I: رَسَا (rasā, “to become firmly based, to become fixed, to anchor”); Active participle

تَرْسِيَة

Form II: رَسَّى (rassā, “to accept the tender of”); Verbal noun

مُرَسٍّ

Form II: رَسَّى (rassā, “to accept the tender of”); Active participle

إِرْسَاء

Form IV: أَرْسَى (ʔarsā, “to make stationary, to fix, to make anchor”); Verbal noun

مُرْسٍ

Form IV: أَرْسَى (ʔarsā, “to make stationary, to fix, to make anchor”); Active participle


ر س خ

رُسُوخ

Form I: رَسَخَ (rasaḵa, “to be firm anchor, to be deep root, to be establish”); Verbal noun

رَاسِخ

Form I: رَسَخَ (rasaḵa, “to be firm anchor, to be deep root, to be establish”); Active participle

تَرْسِيخ

Form II: رَسَّخَ (rassaḵa, “to entrench, to establish, to embed, to cement, to inculcate”); Verbal noun

مُرَسِّخ

Form II: رَسَّخَ (rassaḵa, “to entrench, to establish, to embed, to cement, to inculcate”); Active participle

إِرْسَاخ

Form IV: أَرْسَخَ (ʔarsaḵa, “to entrench, to establish, to embed, to cement, to inculcate”); Verbal noun

مُرْسِخ

Form IV: أَرْسَخَ (ʔarsaḵa, “to entrench, to establish, to embed, to cement, to inculcate”); Active participle

تَرَسُّخ

Form V: تَرَسَّخَ (tarassaḵa, “to be entrench, to be establish”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَسِّخ

Form V: تَرَسَّخَ (tarassaḵa, “to be entrench, to be establish”); Active participle

اِرْتِسَاخ

Form VIII: اِرْتَسَخَ (irtasaḵa, “to take root, to stabilize oneself”); Verbal noun

مُرْتَسِخ

Form VIII: اِرْتَسَخَ (irtasaḵa, “to take root, to stabilize oneself”); Active participle


derHgʰ-

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen

*derHgʰ-e-ti (thematic present)

Albanian: djerg (“to be sick”)

*derHgʰ-eye-ti (causative)

Albanian: dergj (“to get ill”)

Proto-Germanic: *targijaną (“to tarry, to tug”) (O-grade) (see there for further descendants)

*dr̥Hgʰ(-eh₂)-ti (factive)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dirˀgāˀtei

Lithuanian: dìrgti (“to get weak”)

Proto-Slavic: *dьrgati (“to pluck”) (see there for further descendants)

*dr̥Hgʰ-ne-ti (ne-present)

Balto-Slavic:

Lithuanian: dìrginti (“to irritate”)

Proto-Slavic: *dьrnǫti (“to rub”) (see there for further descendants)

Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *dòrga (“road”)


bak-

*bak-o-s

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bakas

Proto-Slavic: *bokъ (“flank”) (possibly)

*bakk-o-s

Proto-Celtic: *bakkos (“hook”)

*bak-sḱ- (possibly)

Balto-Slavic:

⇒ Lithuanian: bàkstelėti (“to thrust”)

⇒ Latvian: bakstīt (“to poke”)

*bak-tro-m, *bak-tlo-m

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: βάκτρον (báktron)

Proto-Italic: *bakklom

Latin: baculum

Proto-Germanic: *pagjō

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *pagilaz


सस्

From Proto-Indo-European *ses-. Cognate to Hittite [Term?] (/šešzi/).


yem-

*yém-e-ti (thematic present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yámati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yámati

Sanskrit: यमति (yámati)

*h₂e-yḗm-ti ~ *h₂e-yem-énti (narten-type root aorist present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hayā́mti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hayā́mti

Sanskrit: अयमुर् (ayamur, 3pl.act.)

Proto-Iranian: *Hayā́mti (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *yäm- (“to achieve”)

Tocharian A: yomär

*yem-néH-ti (neH-present)

Proto-Tocharian: *yämnā- (“to achieve”)

Tocharian A: [Term?] (yomnās, 3sg.fut.)

Tocharian B: [Term?] (yanmacer, 2pl.fut.)

*ym̥-sḱ-éti (sḱe-present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yaŝćáti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yaćśáti

Sanskrit: यच्छति (yácchati), यछति (yáchati)

Proto-Iranian: *yaŝáti (see there for further descendants)

ye-yóm-e ~ ye-ym̥-ḗr (reduplicated stative)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *́yayā́ma

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yayā́ma

Sanskrit: ययन्थ (yayantha, 2sg.act.)

yom-éye-ti (eye-causative)

⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yāmáyati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yāmáyati

Sanskrit: आ यामयन्ति (ā́ yāmayanti)

*yém-ont-s ~ *ym̥-nt-és

⇒ *ym̥nt-(t)ró-m

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yantrám

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yantrám

Sanskrit: यन्त्र n (yantrá, “fastening”) (see there for further descendants)

tooltip

reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme

⇒ *ym̥nt-wr̥

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yantwŕ̥

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yantwŕ̥

Sanskrit: *यन्तुर् (*yantúr, nom.sg.), यन्तुरम् m (yantúram, “guider, guiding”, acc.sg.)

yém-o-s

Proto-Albanian: *jama

Albanian: gjem (“bridle”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yámas

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yámas

desc

Sanskrit: यम (yáma, “rein, curb, bridle”)

*yém-ti-s ~ *ym̥-téy-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yátis

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yátis

Sanskrit: यतिस् (yátis, “holding, guidance”)

*yom-ó-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yāmás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yāmás

Sanskrit: सुयाम (suyāmá, “restraining well”) (+ सु (su))

*ym̥-tó-s (“held, restrained”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yatás (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Germanic: *jēmaraz (“miserable, sorrowful, sad”)


perkʷ-

*perkʷ-unyo-s (“forest”)

Proto-Celtic: *Φerkunyos (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Germanic: *fergunją (“(forested) mountain(land)”) (see there for further descendants)

*pérkʷ-u-s ~ *pr̥kʷ-éw-s (see there for further descendants)

*pr̥kʷ-éh₂ (“pine”)

Proto-Germanic: *furhō (“fir, pine; forest”) (see there for further descendants)


ي ت م

يَتَم

Form I: يَتِمَ (yatima, “to be or become an orphan”); Verbal noun

Form I: يَتِمَ (yatima, “to be or become an orphan”); Active participle

يَتْم

Form I: يَتُمَ (yatuma, “to be or become an orphan”); Verbal noun

Form I: يَتُمَ (yatuma, “to be or become an orphan”); Active participle

يَتْم

Form I: يَتَمَ (yatama, “to be or become an orphan”); Verbal noun

يَاتِم

Form I: يَتَمَ (yatama, “to be or become an orphan”); Active participle

تَيْتِيم

Form II: يَتَّمَ (yattama, “to orphan, to bereave of the parent”); Verbal noun

مُيَتِّم

Form II: يَتَّمَ (yattama, “to orphan, to bereave of the parent”); Active participle

إِيتَام

Form IV: أَيْتَمَ (ʔaytama, “to orphan, to bereave of the parent”); Verbal noun

مُوتِم

Form IV: أَيْتَمَ (ʔaytama, “to orphan, to bereave of the parent”); Active participle

تَيَتُّم

Form V: تَيَتَّمَ (tayattama, “to become an orphan”); Verbal noun

مُتَيَتِّم

Form V: تَيَتَّمَ (tayattama, “to become an orphan”); Active participle


ز ع ل

زَعَل

Form I: زَعِلَ (zaʕila, “;to prance, to leap, to spring; (archaic) to exult, to become lively, to become brisk, to behave agile; to be miffed, to be mad, to be surly, to huff”); Verbal noun

Form I: زَعِلَ (zaʕila, “;to prance, to leap, to spring; (archaic) to exult, to become lively, to become brisk, to behave agile; to be miffed, to be mad, to be surly, to huff”); Active participle

تَزْعِيل

Form II: زَعَّلَ (zaʕʕala, “to mad, to make surly”); Verbal noun

مُزَعِّل

Form II: زَعَّلَ (zaʕʕala, “to mad, to make surly”); Active participle

إِزْعَال

Form IV: أَزْعَلَ (ʔazʕala, “to mad, to make surly”); Verbal noun

مُزْعِل

Form IV: أَزْعَلَ (ʔazʕala, “to mad, to make surly”); Active participle


ك ي ل

كَيْل

Form I: كَالَ (kāla, “to measure, to mete”); Verbal noun

Form I: كَالَ (kāla, “to measure, to mete”); Active participle

تَكْيِيل

Form II: كَيَّلَ (kayyala, “to measure, to mete”); Verbal noun

مُكَيِّل

Form II: كَيَّلَ (kayyala, “to measure, to mete”); Active participle

مُكَايَلَة

Form III: كَايَلَ (kāyala, “to measure one’s qualities with the qualities of”); Verbal noun

مُكَايِل

Form III: كَايَلَ (kāyala, “to measure one’s qualities with the qualities of”); Active participle

تَكَيُّل

Form V: تَكَيَّلَ (takayyala, “to be measured, to be meted”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَيِّل

Form V: تَكَيَّلَ (takayyala, “to be measured, to be meted”); Active participle

اِكْتِيَال

Form VIII: اِكْتَالَ (iktāla, “to measure; to buy to use for measure”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَال

Form VIII: اِكْتَالَ (iktāla, “to measure; to buy to use for measure”); Active participle


ses-

*sésti (athematic root present)

Proto-Anatolian: *sésti

Hittite: [script needed] (šešzi)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sásti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sásti

Sanskrit: सस्ति (sásti)


ص ل ب

صَلَابَة

Form I: صَلُبَ (ṣaluba, “to be or become rigid, to be or become solid, to be or become stiff, to be or become unyielding, to be or become sturdy”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَلُبَ (ṣaluba, “to be or become rigid, to be or become solid, to be or become stiff, to be or become unyielding, to be or become sturdy”); Active participle

صَلْب

Form I: صَلَبَ (ṣalaba, “to crucify”); Verbal noun

صَالِب

Form I: صَلَبَ (ṣalaba, “to crucify”); Active participle

تَصْلِيب

Form II: صَلَّبَ (ṣallaba, “to stiffen, to harden, to make sturdy, to render tough; to support, to prop; to crucify”); Verbal noun

مُصَلِّب

Form II: صَلَّبَ (ṣallaba, “to stiffen, to harden, to make sturdy, to render tough; to support, to prop; to crucify”); Active participle

إِصْلَاب

Form IV: أَصْلَبَ (ʔaṣlaba, “to stretch forth the neck”); Verbal noun

مُصْلِب

Form IV: أَصْلَبَ (ʔaṣlaba, “to stretch forth the neck”); Active participle

تَصَلُّب

Form V: تَصَلَّبَ (taṣallaba, “to be or become rigid, to be or become solid, to be or become stiff, to be or become unyielding, to be or become sturdy; to exert one’s strength, to behave with rigour, to strain oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَصَلِّب

Form V: تَصَلَّبَ (taṣallaba, “to be or become rigid, to be or become solid, to be or become stiff, to be or become unyielding, to be or become sturdy; to exert one’s strength, to behave with rigour, to strain oneself”); Active participle


bil-

*baRabiL

Basque: barrabil (“testicle”)

Basque: opil (“muffin”), ukabil (“fist”)


ر و ع

رَوْع

Form I: رَاعَ (rāʕa, “to awe, to amaze, to startle; to terrify, to scare, to frighten”); Verbal noun

Form I: رَاعَ (rāʕa, “to awe, to amaze, to startle; to terrify, to scare, to frighten”); Active participle

تَرْوِيع

Form II: رَوَّعَ (rawwaʕa, “to terrify, to scare, to frighten, to terrorize, to intimidate”); Verbal noun

مُرَوِّع

Form II: رَوَّعَ (rawwaʕa, “to terrify, to scare, to frighten, to terrorize, to intimidate”); Active participle

إِرَاعَة

Form IV: أَرَاعَ (ʔarāʕa, “to terrify, to scare, to frighten, to terrorize, to intimidate”); Verbal noun

مُرِيع

Form IV: أَرَاعَ (ʔarāʕa, “to terrify, to scare, to frighten, to terrorize, to intimidate”); Active participle

اِرْتِيَاع

Form VIII: اِرْتَاعَ (irtāʕa, “to become terrified, to become scare, to panic, to chicken out”); Verbal noun

مُرْتَاع

Form VIII: اِرْتَاعَ (irtāʕa, “to become terrified, to become scare, to panic, to chicken out”); Active participle

رُوع

bosom, heart, animus, the place where fear is felt


दुह्

head

दुह् • (duh)

sa-root

दुह् • (duh)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰawgʰ- (“to (draw) milk”), traditionally derived further from Proto-Indo-European *dʰúgʰs, from *dʰewgʰ- (“to yield, to produce”), and compared with German taugen (“to be fit”), though Cheung and Mayrhofer note that the semantic shifts present in the descendants are nontrivial.


م ض غ

ar-root

م ض غ • (m-ḍ-ḡ)

مَضْغ

Form I: مَضَغَ (maḍaḡa, “to chew”); Verbal noun

مَاضِغ

Form I: مَضَغَ (maḍaḡa, “to chew”); Active participle

اِمْتِضَاغ

Form VIII: اِمْتَضَغَ (imtaḍaḡa, “to be chewed”); Verbal noun

مُمْتَضِغ

Form VIII: اِمْتَضَغَ (imtaḍaḡa, “to be chewed”); Active participle


ط ع م

ط ع م • (ṭ-ʕ-m)

طَعْم

Form I: طَعَمَ (ṭaʕama, “to degust”); Verbal noun

طَاعِم

Form I: طَعَمَ (ṭaʕama, “to degust”); Active participle

تَطْعِيم

Form II: طَعَّمَ (ṭaʕʕama, “to inoculate”); Verbal noun

مُطَعِّم

Form II: طَعَّمَ (ṭaʕʕama, “to inoculate”); Active participle

مُطَاعَمَة

Form III: طَاعَمَ (ṭāʕama, “to eat with; to inoculate”); Verbal noun

مُطَاعِم

Form III: طَاعَمَ (ṭāʕama, “to eat with; to inoculate”); Active participle

إِطْعَام

Form IV: أَطْعَمَ (ʔaṭʕama, “to feed”); Verbal noun

مُطْعِم

Form IV: أَطْعَمَ (ʔaṭʕama, “to feed”); Active participle

تَطَعُّم

Form V: تَطَعَّمَ (taṭaʕʕama, “to degust; to be vaccinate”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَعِّم

Form V: تَطَعَّمَ (taṭaʕʕama, “to degust; to be vaccinate”); Active participle

تَطَاعُم

Form VI: تَطَاعَمَ (taṭāʕama, “to eat with each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَاعِم

Form VI: تَطَاعَمَ (taṭāʕama, “to eat with each other”); Active participle

اِطِّعَام

Form VIII: اِطَّعَمَ (iṭṭaʕama, “to acquire flavour”); Verbal noun

مُطَّعِم

Form VIII: اِطَّعَمَ (iṭṭaʕama, “to acquire flavour”); Active participle

اِسْتِطْعَام

Form X: اِسْتَطْعَمَ (istaṭʕama, “to degust; to ask to feed”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَطْعِم

Form X: اِسْتَطْعَمَ (istaṭʕama, “to degust; to ask to feed”); Active participle

طَعُوم and طَعِيم

camel meat that is neither fat nor meagre, so that one tastes both fat and bones when one eats it


ل ح ي

related to additional covering grown, like a bark or a beard

لَاحٍ

Form I: لَحَى (laḥā, “to decorticate, to strip of the bark; to reprehend, to reprimand”); Active participle

مُلَاحَاة

Form III: لَاحَى (lāḥā, “to reprehend, to reprimand”); Verbal noun

مُلَاحٍ

Form III: لَاحَى (lāḥā, “to reprehend, to reprimand”); Active participle

إِلْحَاء

Form IV: أَلْحَى (ʔalḥā, “to come into the time where the bark is stripped; to commit something worthy of reprimand”); Verbal noun

مُلْحٍ

Form IV: أَلْحَى (ʔalḥā, “to come into the time where the bark is stripped; to commit something worthy of reprimand”); Active participle

تَلَاحٍ

Form VI: تَلَاحَى (talāḥā, “to reprehend each other, to reprimand each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَلَاحٍ

Form VI: تَلَاحَى (talāḥā, “to reprehend each other, to reprimand each other”); Active participle

اِلْتِحَاء

Form VIII: اِلْتَحَى (iltaḥā, “to lead the beard grow”); Verbal noun

مُلْتَحٍ

Form VIII: اِلْتَحَى (iltaḥā, “to lead the beard grow”); Active participle


ش ج ب

شَجَب

Form I: شَجِبَ (šajiba, “to perish, to pass away; to grieve, to mourn”); Verbal noun

Form I: شَجِبَ (šajiba, “to perish, to pass away; to grieve, to mourn”); Active participle

شَجْب

Form I: شَجَبَ (šajaba, “to let perish, to make vanish, to fret; to affect with sadness, to grieve, to ail, to fret; to reprehend, to deplore, to berate”); Verbal noun

شَاجِب

Form I: شَجَبَ (šajaba, “to let perish, to make vanish, to fret; to affect with sadness, to grieve, to ail, to fret; to reprehend, to deplore, to berate”); Active participle

تَشَجُّب

Form V: تَشَجَّبَ (tašajjaba, “to lament, to express grief”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَجِّب

Form V: تَشَجَّبَ (tašajjaba, “to lament, to express grief”); Active participle

تَشَاجُب

Form VI: تَشَاجَبَ (tašājaba, “to become intermingled”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَاجِب

Form VI: تَشَاجَبَ (tašājaba, “to become intermingled”); Active participle


ه ي م

هَيْم

Form I: هَامَ (hāma, “to roam, to wander, to orbit; to enthuse over, to have a penchant for”); Verbal noun

هَائِم

Form I: هَامَ (hāma, “to roam, to wander, to orbit; to enthuse over, to have a penchant for”); Active participle

هِيَام

Form I: هَامَ (hāma, “to thirst, to need quench”); Verbal noun

هَائِم

Form I: هَامَ (hāma, “to thirst, to need quench”); Active participle

تَهْيِيم

Form II: هَيَّمَ (hayyama, “to infatuate, to charm”); Verbal noun

مُهَيِّم

Form II: هَيَّمَ (hayyama, “to infatuate, to charm”); Active participle

اِسْتِهَامَة

Form X: اِسْتَهَامَ (istahāma, “to infatuate, to charm”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَهِيم

Form X: اِسْتَهَامَ (istahāma, “to infatuate, to charm”); Active participle

هِيم

a disease in camels of inquenchable thirst


ه ج ن

هُجْنَة

Form I: هَجُنَ (hajuna, “to be a هَجِين (hajīn), to be a bastard or to be wrong”); Verbal noun

Form I: هَجُنَ (hajuna, “to be a هَجِين (hajīn), to be a bastard or to be wrong”); Active participle

تَهْجِين

Form II: هَجَّنَ (hajjana, “to treat like a هَجِين (hajīn), to denigrate, to deplore”); Verbal noun

مُهَجِّن

Form II: هَجَّنَ (hajjana, “to treat like a هَجِين (hajīn), to denigrate, to deplore”); Active participle

إِهْجَان

Form IV: أَهْجَنَ (ʔahjana, “to treat like a هَجِين (hajīn), to denigrate, to deplore; to have noble progeny”); Verbal noun

مُهْجِن

Form IV: أَهْجَنَ (ʔahjana, “to treat like a هَجِين (hajīn), to denigrate, to deplore; to have noble progeny”); Active participle

اِسْتِهْجَان

Form X: اِسْتَهْجَنَ (istahjana, “to treat like a هَجِين (hajīn), to denigrate, to deplore”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَهْجِن

Form X: اِسْتَهْجَنَ (istahjana, “to treat like a هَجِين (hajīn), to denigrate, to deplore”); Active participle


ح ج ر

حَجْر

Form I: حَجَرَ (ḥajara, “to stop, to debar; to interdict”); Verbal noun

حَاجِر

Form I: حَجَرَ (ḥajara, “to stop, to debar; to interdict”); Active participle

تَحْجِير

Form II: حَجَّرَ (ḥajjara, “to make an enclosure around; to make stone”); Verbal noun

مُحَجِّر

Form II: حَجَّرَ (ḥajjara, “to make an enclosure around; to make stone”); Active participle

إِحْجَار

Form IV: أَحْجَرَ (ʔaḥjara, “to hide, to cover”); Verbal noun

مُحْجِر

Form IV: أَحْجَرَ (ʔaḥjara, “to hide, to cover”); Active participle

تَحَجُّر

Form V: تَحَجَّرَ (taḥajjara, “to straiten; to petrify, to crystallize”); Verbal noun

مُتَحَجِّر

Form V: تَحَجَّرَ (taḥajjara, “to straiten; to petrify, to crystallize”); Active participle

اِحْتِجَار

Form VIII: اِحْتَجَرَ (iḥtajara, “to limit, to confine; to be full of stones, or of hindrances”); Verbal noun

مُحْتَجِر

Form VIII: اِحْتَجَرَ (iḥtajara, “to limit, to confine; to be full of stones, or of hindrances”); Active participle

اِسْتِحْجَار

Form X: اِسْتَحْجَرَ (istaḥjara, “to become hard”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحْجِر

Form X: اِسْتَحْجَرَ (istaḥjara, “to become hard”); Active participle

مَحْجَر

confined place, garden, jaol or whatever


ح ن ك

Cognate to Amharic / Tigre / Ge'ez ሐ-ነ-ከ (ḥ-n-k), Tigrinya / Harari / Ge'ez ሐ-የ-ከ (ḥ-y-k, “related to mastication”) and Hebrew ח־נ־ך (kh-n-k) as in חינוך (khinukh, “education”), possibly also related to the more widespread root ع ن ق (ʕ-n-q). The semantical development seems to have originated from the mouth organ sense, from this forming a sense of training because of a horse being trained by its being pulled or at the palate respectively force being applied to this place, and this “becoming disciplined” sense then applied to humans even mentally with the idea of having “gained wit”.

اِسْتِحْنَاك

Form X: اِسْتَحْنَكَ (istaḥnaka, “to eat vehemently”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحْنِك

Form X: اِسْتَحْنَكَ (istaḥnaka, “to eat vehemently”); Active participle

مُسْتَحْنَك

حَنْك

Form I: حَنَكَ (ḥanaka, “to put to the palate; to attain experience, to become train, to gain discipline; to comprehend, to conceive”); Verbal noun

حَانِك

Form I: حَنَكَ (ḥanaka, “to put to the palate; to attain experience, to become train, to gain discipline; to comprehend, to conceive”); Active participle

تَحْنِيك

Form II: حَنَّكَ (ḥannaka, “to attain or make attaim experience, to become or make train, to gain or make gain discipline; to rub the palate; to bind about or draw from the jaw”); Verbal noun

مُحَنِّك

Form II: حَنَّكَ (ḥannaka, “to attain or make attaim experience, to become or make train, to gain or make gain discipline; to rub the palate; to bind about or draw from the jaw”); Active participle

تَحَنُّك

Form V: تَحَنَّكَ (taḥannaka, “to put the headdress under the palate, i. e. the chin”); Verbal noun

مُتَحَنِّك

Form V: تَحَنَّكَ (taḥannaka, “to put the headdress under the palate, i. e. the chin”); Active participle

related to the being trained, experienced or wise

إِحْنَاك

Form IV: أَحْنَكَ (ʔaḥnaka, “to attain experience, to become train, to gain discipline; to bind a chinstrap around”); Verbal noun

مُحْنِك

Form IV: أَحْنَكَ (ʔaḥnaka, “to attain experience, to become train, to gain discipline; to bind a chinstrap around”); Active participle

اِحْتِنَاك

Form VIII: اِحْتَنَكَ (iḥtanaka, “to consume, to eat away; to become wise, to become firm in judgment; to render wise, to make firm in judgment”); Verbal noun

مُحْتَنِك

Form VIII: اِحْتَنَكَ (iḥtanaka, “to consume, to eat away; to become wise, to become firm in judgment; to render wise, to make firm in judgment”); Active participle


लिह्

head

लिह् • (lih)

sa-root

लिह् • (lih)

From Proto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”). Cognate with Lithuanian laižýti, Proto-Slavic *līzàti, Latin lingō whence cunnilingus; Dutch lekker (“tasty”), English lick.


सू

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *suH-, from Proto-Indo-European *súHs, from *sewH- (“to give birth, to bear a child”).

to beget, procreate, bring forth, bear, produce, yield


सू

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sawH-, from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to push (forth)”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (šu-ú-iz-zi, “to push (away), shove, cast off”), Old Irish soïd (“to turn”).

cog

to set in motion, urge, impel, vivify, create, produce


د س ر

Compare س ط م (s ṭ m), د س م (d s m), س د د (s d d).

دَسْر

Form I: دَسَرَ (dasara, “to push, to thrust; to impel, to drive, to propel; to pierce, to stab, to juke”); Verbal noun

دَاسِر

Form I: دَسَرَ (dasara, “to push, to thrust; to impel, to drive, to propel; to pierce, to stab, to juke”); Active participle


غ ض ض

ar-root

غ ض ض • (ḡ-ḍ-ḍ)

غَضّ

Form I: غَضَّ (ḡaḍḍa, “to lower”); Verbal noun

غَاضّ

Form I: غَضَّ (ḡaḍḍa, “to lower”); Active participle

غَضَاضَة

Form I: غَضَّ (ḡaḍḍa, “to be fresh”); Verbal noun

Form I: غَضَّ (ḡaḍḍa, “to be fresh”); Active participle

إِغْضَاض

Form IV: أَغَضَّ (ʔaḡaḍḍa, “to lower”); Verbal noun

مُغِضّ

Form IV: أَغَضَّ (ʔaḡaḍḍa, “to lower”); Active participle

اِنْغِضَاض

Form VII: اِنْغَضَّ (inḡaḍḍa, “to become lowered”); Verbal noun

مُنْغَضّ

Form VII: اِنْغَضَّ (inḡaḍḍa, “to become lowered”); Active participle

اِغْتِضَاض

Form VIII: اِغْتَضَّ (iḡtaḍḍa); Verbal noun

مُغْتَضّ

Form VIII: اِغْتَضَّ (iḡtaḍḍa); Active participle

غُضَّة

detriment; what just suffices for subsistence

غَضًا

saxaul; see there for more derived terms


ب ق ل

Akin to Akkadian 𒁀𒋡𒀀𒇻 (ba-qa-a-lu /baqālu/, “to sprout, malt”) and Ge'ez በቈለ (bäḳʷälä), በቍለ (bäḳʷlä, “to sprout”). ب ق ر (b-q-r) may be distantly related.

cog

بَقْل

Form I: بَقَلَ (baqala, “to come forth, to appear; to put forth what is to be gathered”); Verbal noun

بَاقِل

Form I: بَقَلَ (baqala, “to come forth, to appear; to put forth what is to be gathered”); Active participle

تَبْقِيل

Form II: بَقَّلَ (baqqala, “to let pasture on بَقْل (baql); to produce down”); Verbal noun

مُبَقِّل

Form II: بَقَّلَ (baqqala, “to let pasture on بَقْل (baql); to produce down”); Active participle

إِبْقَال

Form IV: أَبْقَلَ (ʔabqala, “to let pasture on بَقْل (baql); to produce بَقْل (baql)”); Verbal noun

مُبْقِل

Form IV: أَبْقَلَ (ʔabqala, “to let pasture on بَقْل (baql); to produce بَقْل (baql)”); Active participle

تَبَقُّل

Form V: تَبَقَّلَ (tabaqqala, “to go forth to get بَقْل (baql)”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَقِّل

Form V: تَبَقَّلَ (tabaqqala, “to go forth to get بَقْل (baql)”); Active participle

اِبْتِقَال

Form VIII: اِبْتَقَلَ (ibtaqala, “to pasture upon بَقْل (baql)”); Verbal noun

مُبْتَقِل

Form VIII: اِبْتَقَلَ (ibtaqala, “to pasture upon بَقْل (baql)”); Active participle


weys-

*wéys-ti (athematic root present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wéištei

desc

Latvian: viest (“to rear, raise, increase”)

Lithuanian: veĩsti (“to breed, rear”)

*wéys-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždʰHati

Proto-Iranian: *wáyždHati

Avestan: 𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬝 (vōiždat̰, “to raise”)

⇒ *wéysdʰ-ti ~ *wisdʰ-én-ti (athematic root present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždᶻdʰi

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáyḍḍʰi

Sanskrit: विड्ढि (viḍḍhí, “to labour, produce”, 2sg.imp.)

*wis-né-s-ti ~ *wis-n̥-s-én-ti (nasal-infix)

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Lithuanian: vìsti (“to multiply, breed”)

*wis-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)

desctree

Proto-Italic: *wizēō
Latin: vireō (see there for further descendants)

*wí-weys-ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíwayšti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíwayṣṭi

desc

Sanskrit: विवेष्टि (víveṣṭi, “to labour, produce”)

*woys-ó-s (“fruit, sprout”)

Proto-Albanian: *waiša

Albanian: vesh m (“grape, wine grape”)

*wóys-eh₂ (“fruit, sprout”)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *waišāˀ

Lithuanian: vaĩsius (“fruit”)

Old Prussian: wēisin (“fruit”, acc.sg.)

Proto-Slavic: *věxà (“straw bundle”)

Proto-Germanic: *waisō (“sprout, stem”)

Old English: wīse

Old Saxon: wisa

Middle Low German: wēse

Low German: Wees

⇒ Old Saxon: wiska

Middle Low German: wische

Low German: Wisch

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: wēse; wisch

Old High German: wīsa

Middle High German: wise

German: Wiese

Old Norse: vísir

Norwegian: veis