ش م ر

related to meanings of being raised up, being tucked up, being contracted or drawn together, being held together or bunched

شَمْر

Form I: شَمَرَ (šamara, “to tuck up”); Verbal noun

شَامِر

Form I: شَمَرَ (šamara, “to tuck up”); Active participle

تَشْمِير

Form II: شَمَّرَ (šammara, “to tuck up”); Verbal noun

مُشَمِّر

Form II: شَمَّرَ (šammara, “to tuck up”); Active participle

إِشْمَار

Form IV: أَشْمَرَ (ʔašmara, “to cover, to mate with”); Verbal noun

مُشْمِر

Form IV: أَشْمَرَ (ʔašmara, “to cover, to mate with”); Active participle

تَشَمُّر

Form V: تَشَمَّرَ (tašammara, “to prepare oneself; to become tucked up”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَمِّر

Form V: تَشَمَّرَ (tašammara, “to prepare oneself; to become tucked up”); Active participle

اِنْشِمَار

Form VII: اِنْشَمَرَ (inšamara, “to hasten”); Verbal noun

مُنْشَمِر

Form VII: اِنْشَمَرَ (inšamara, “to hasten”); Active participle


س خ ب

related to chains hanging around the neck


ب ع ث ر

ar-root

ب ع ث ر • (b-ʕ-ṯ-r)

Augmented from ب ع ث (b-ʕ-ṯ) or derived from the plant name بُعَيْثَرَان (buʕayṯarān) or instead from ب ث ر (b-ṯ-r) and hence ب ث ث (b-ṯ-ṯ).

ب ع ث (b-ʕ-ṯ)

ب ث ث (b-ṯ-ṯ)

بَعْثَرَة

Form Iq: بَعْثَرَ (baʕṯara); Verbal noun

مُبَعْثِر

Form Iq: بَعْثَرَ (baʕṯara); Active participle

تَبَعْثُر

Form IIq: تَبَعْثَرَ (tabaʕṯara); Verbal noun

مُتَبَعْثِر

Form IIq: تَبَعْثَرَ (tabaʕṯara); Active participle


ك ي س

كَيْس

Form I: كَاسَ (kāsa, “to be clever, to be acute in intellect, to have a sharp mind; to overcome in intellect, to surpass by shrewdness”); Verbal noun

كَائِس

Form I: كَاسَ (kāsa, “to be clever, to be acute in intellect, to have a sharp mind; to overcome in intellect, to surpass by shrewdness”); Active participle

تَكْيِيس

Form II: كَيَّسَ (kayyasa, “to render clever, to make sharp in intellect”); Verbal noun

مُكَيِّس

Form II: كَيَّسَ (kayyasa, “to render clever, to make sharp in intellect”); Active participle

مُكَايَسَة

Form III: كَايَسَ (kāyasa, “to vie with in intellect, to contend with in sharpness of mind”); Verbal noun

مُكَايِس

Form III: كَايَسَ (kāyasa, “to vie with in intellect, to contend with in sharpness of mind”); Active participle

إِكَاسَة

Form IV: أَكَاسَ (ʔakāsa, “to bring forth clever children”); Verbal noun

مُكِيس

Form IV: أَكَاسَ (ʔakāsa, “to bring forth clever children”); Active participle

إِكَاسَة

Form IV: أَكْيَسَ (ʔakyasa, “to bring forth clever children”); Verbal noun

مُكِيس

Form IV: أَكْيَسَ (ʔakyasa, “to bring forth clever children”); Active participle

تَكَيُّس

Form V: تَكَيَّسَ (takayyasa, “to pretend sharpness of intellect”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَيِّس

Form V: تَكَيَّسَ (takayyasa, “to pretend sharpness of intellect”); Active participle


ش ي م

related to things concealed being apperceived

شَيْم

Form I: شَامَ (šāma, “to have sheathe, to have hidden, to have conceal; to watch, to observe; to expect, to conjecture”); Verbal noun

شَائِم

Form I: شَامَ (šāma, “to have sheathe, to have hidden, to have conceal; to watch, to observe; to expect, to conjecture”); Active participle

تَشْيِيم

Form II: شَيَّمَ (šayyama, “to hide, to sheathe”); Verbal noun

مُشَيِّم

Form II: شَيَّمَ (šayyama, “to hide, to sheathe”); Active participle

إِشَامَة

Form IV: أَشَامَ (ʔašāma, “to hide, to sheathe”); Verbal noun

مُشِيم

Form IV: أَشَامَ (ʔašāma, “to hide, to sheathe”); Active participle

تَشَيُّم

Form V: تَشَيَّمَ (tašayyama, “to become sheathe; to enter, to mix with”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَيِّم

Form V: تَشَيَّمَ (tašayyama, “to become sheathe; to enter, to mix with”); Active participle

اِنْشِيَام

Form VII: اِنْشَامَ (inšāma, “to become sheathe; to enter, to mix with”); Verbal noun

مُنْشَام

Form VII: اِنْشَامَ (inšāma, “to become sheathe; to enter, to mix with”); Active participle

اِشْتِيَام

Form VIII: اِشْتَامَ (ištāma, “to enter, to mix with”); Verbal noun

مُشْتَام

Form VIII: اِشْتَامَ (ištāma, “to enter, to mix with”); Active participle


ن ث ر

نَثْر

Form I: نَثَرَ (naṯara, “to disperse, to strew, to scatter”); Verbal noun

نَاثِر

Form I: نَثَرَ (naṯara, “to disperse, to strew, to scatter”); Active participle

تَنْثِير

Form II: نَثَّرَ (naṯṯara, “to disperse, to strew, to scatter”); Verbal noun

مُنَثِّر

Form II: نَثَّرَ (naṯṯara, “to disperse, to strew, to scatter”); Active participle

إِنْثَار

Form IV: أَنْثَرَ (ʔanṯara, “to pierce, to transfix”); Verbal noun

مُنْثِر

Form IV: أَنْثَرَ (ʔanṯara, “to pierce, to transfix”); Active participle

تَنَثُّر

Form V: تَنَثَّرَ (tanaṯṯara, “to become dispersed”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَثِّر

Form V: تَنَثَّرَ (tanaṯṯara, “to become dispersed”); Active participle

تَنَاثُر

Form VI: تَنَاثَرَ (tanāṯara, “to become dispersed”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَاثِر

Form VI: تَنَاثَرَ (tanāṯara, “to become dispersed”); Active participle

اِنْتِثَار

Form VIII: اِنْتَثَرَ (intaṯara, “to become dispersed”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَثِر

Form VIII: اِنْتَثَرَ (intaṯara, “to become dispersed”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْثَار

Form X: اِسْتَنْثَرَ (istanṯara, “to attract water with the nose”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْثِر

Form X: اِسْتَنْثَرَ (istanṯara, “to attract water with the nose”); Active participle


ق ي د

Developed from an Aramaic form meaning “fetter” akin to Classical Syriac ܩܘܕܐ (qawdā, “fetter”). See also كِبْل (kibl) and صَفَد (ṣafad), also Aramaisms for “fetter”.

تَقْيِيد

Form II: قَيَّدَ (qayyada, “to restrict, to fetter”); Verbal noun

مُقَيِّد

Form II: قَيَّدَ (qayyada, “to restrict, to fetter”); Active participle

تَقَيُّد

Form V: تَقَيَّدَ (taqayyada, “to be fettered”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَيِّد

Form V: تَقَيَّدَ (taqayyada, “to be fettered”); Active participle


ن خ ز

نَخْز

Form I: نَخَزَ (naḵaza, “to prod”); Verbal noun

نَاخِز

Form I: نَخَزَ (naḵaza, “to prod”); Active participle


ق و د

مُقِيد

Form IV: أَقَادَ (ʔaqāda); Active participle

اِنْقِيَاد

Form VII: اِنْقَادَ (inqāda); Verbal noun

مُنْقَاد

Form VII: اِنْقَادَ (inqāda); Active participle

اِقْتِيَاد

Form VIII: اِقْتَادَ (iqtāda); Verbal noun

مُقْتَاد

Form VIII: اِقْتَادَ (iqtāda); Active participle

اِسْتِقَادَة

Form X: اِسْتَقَادَ (istaqāda); Verbal noun

مُسْتَقِيد

Form X: اِسْتَقَادَ (istaqāda); Active participle


ن خ س

Compare ن خ ز (n-ḵ-z), also related to goading.

نَخْس

Form I: نَخَسَ (naḵasa, “to prick”); Verbal noun

نَاخِس

Form I: نَخَسَ (naḵasa, “to prick”); Active participle

تَنَاخُس

Form VI: تَنَاخَسَ (tanāḵasa, “to become mixed”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَاخِس

Form VI: تَنَاخَسَ (tanāḵasa, “to become mixed”); Active participle

اِنْتِخَاس

Form VIII: اِنْتَخَسَ (intaḵasa, “to urge on, to goad on, to stimulate”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَخِس

Form VIII: اِنْتَخَسَ (intaḵasa, “to urge on, to goad on, to stimulate”); Active participle

نَخِيسَة

goat and ewe milk mixed; sweet and sour milk mixed


kakka-

desctree

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā́ˀtei
East Baltic:
Latvian: kākāt, kakāt
Lithuanian: kakóti
Proto-Slavic: *kàkati (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *kakkajō

Ancient Greek: κᾰκκᾰ́ω (kakkáō) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *kakāō

Latin: cacō; cacāre (see there for further descendants)

Albanian:

Albanian: kakë

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā

Latvian: kaka

Lithuanian: kaka

Proto-Slavic: *kàka (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *kakkā

Ancient Greek: κάκκη (kákkē)

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Iranian: *kakka

Pashto: ککه (kaká)

desc

Old Mazanderani: ککا (kakā, “sheep's excrement”)

Classical Persian: ککه (kaka), ککی (kakê)

Iranian Persian: ککه (kake) (in Isfahani dialect ککه (keke))

Proto-Italic: *kakkā

Vulgar Latin: *cacca

Unsorted formations:

Armenian:

Old Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)

Middle Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)

Armenian: քաք (kʻakʻ)

Armenian: քակոր (kʻakor)

Proto-Celtic: *kakkā

Old Irish: cacc

Irish: cac

Scottish Gaelic: cac

Proto-Brythonic: *kax

Middle Breton: cauch

Breton: cac'h

Cornish: caugh

Welsh: cach

Probably a Lallwort of imitative/expressive origin. Calvert Watkins claimed in particular: "imitative of glottal closure during defecation".

onomatopoeic

imitative


ث ف ر

تَثْفِير

Form II: ثَفَّرَ (ṯaffara, “to drive forward from behind”); Verbal noun

مُثَفِّر

Form II: ثَفَّرَ (ṯaffara, “to drive forward from behind”); Active participle

إِثْفَار

Form IV: أَثْفَرَ (ʔaṯfara, “to drive forward from behind; to fasten a crupper upon; to show evidence of bringing forth”); Verbal noun

مُثْفِر

Form IV: أَثْفَرَ (ʔaṯfara, “to drive forward from behind; to fasten a crupper upon; to show evidence of bringing forth”); Active participle

اِسْتِثْفَار

Form X: اِسْتَثْفَرَ (istaṯfara, “to turn the extremity hanging behind through the thighs to the waist”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَثْفِر

Form X: اِسْتَثْفَرَ (istaṯfara, “to turn the extremity hanging behind through the thighs to the waist”); Active participle

مِثْفَار

beast that throws its saddle backwards; catamite


ن ض ب

نُضُوب

Form I: نَضَبَ (naḍaba, “to sink, to run off into the earth, to disappear, to get absorbed, to be deplete, to dry up, to run short”); Verbal noun

نَاضِب

Form I: نَضَبَ (naḍaba, “to sink, to run off into the earth, to disappear, to get absorbed, to be deplete, to dry up, to run short”); Active participle

إِنْضَاب

Form IV: أَنْضَبَ (ʔanḍaba, “to siphon off”); Verbal noun

مُنْضِب

Form IV: أَنْضَبَ (ʔanḍaba, “to siphon off”); Active participle


ق ب و

قَبْو

Form I: قَبَا (qabā, “to collect with the fingers, to amass with the hand; to contract; to vault”); Verbal noun

قَابٍ

Form I: قَبَا (qabā, “to collect with the fingers, to amass with the hand; to contract; to vault”); Active participle

تَقْبِيَة

Form II: قَبَّى (qabbā, “to vault”); Verbal noun

مُقَبٍّ

Form II: قَبَّى (qabbā, “to vault”); Active participle

اِنْقِبَاء

Form VII: اِنْقَبَى (inqabā, “to hide (oneself)”); Verbal noun

مُنْقَبٍ

Form VII: اِنْقَبَى (inqabā, “to hide (oneself)”); Active participle

اِقْتِبَاء

Form VIII: اِقْتَبَى (iqtabā, “to arrange, to prepare”); Verbal noun

مُقْتَبٍ

Form VIII: اِقْتَبَى (iqtabā, “to arrange, to prepare”); Active participle


ن ض ج

نُضُوج

Form I: نَضَجَ (naḍaja, “to ripe”); Verbal noun

نَاضِج

Form I: نَضَجَ (naḍaja, “to ripe”); Active participle

تَنْضِيج

Form II: نَضَّجَ (naḍḍaja, “to ripe”); Verbal noun

مُنَضِّج

Form II: نَضَّجَ (naḍḍaja, “to ripe”); Active participle

إِنْضَاج

Form IV: أَنْضَجَ (ʔanḍaja, “to make ripe”); Verbal noun

مُنْضِج

Form IV: أَنْضَجَ (ʔanḍaja, “to make ripe”); Active participle


و س ع

Form I: وَسُعَ (wasuʕa); Active participle

Form I: وَسِعَ (wasiʕa); Active participle

مُوَسِّع

Form II: وَسَّعَ (wassaʕa); Active participle

إِيسَاع

Form IV: أَوْسَعَ (ʔawsaʕa); Verbal noun

مُوسِع

Form IV: أَوْسَعَ (ʔawsaʕa); Active participle

تَوَسُّع

Form V: تَوَسَّعَ (tawassaʕa); Verbal noun

مُتَوَسِّع

Form V: تَوَسَّعَ (tawassaʕa); Active participle

اِتِّسَاع

Form VIII: اِتَّسَعَ (ittasaʕa); Verbal noun

مُتَّسِع

Form VIII: اِتَّسَعَ (ittasaʕa); Active participle

اِسْتِيسَاع

Form X: اِسْتَوْسَعَ (istawsaʕa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَوْسِع

Form X: اِسْتَوْسَعَ (istawsaʕa); Active participle


ن ض خ

ar-root

ن ض خ • (n-ḍ-ḵ)

ن ض ح (n-ḍ-ḥ)

نَضْخ

Form I: نَضَخَ (naḍaḵa, “to sprinkle”); Verbal noun

نَاضِخ

Form I: نَضَخَ (naḍaḵa, “to sprinkle”); Active participle


ن ض ح

ن ض ح • (n-ḍ-ḥ)

نَضْح

Form I: نَضَحَ (naḍaḥa, “to wet, to sprinkle, to subject to moisture”); Verbal noun

نَاضِح

Form I: نَضَحَ (naḍaḥa, “to wet, to sprinkle, to subject to moisture”); Active participle

مُنَاضَحَة

Form III: نَاضَحَ (nāḍaḥa, “to defend against”); Verbal noun

مُنَاضِح

Form III: نَاضَحَ (nāḍaḥa, “to defend against”); Active participle

إِنْضَاح

Form IV: أَنْضَحَ (ʔanḍaḥa, “to defend; to form grains rudimentarily already”); Verbal noun

مُنْضِح

Form IV: أَنْضَحَ (ʔanḍaḥa, “to defend; to form grains rudimentarily already”); Active participle

تَنَضُّح

Form V: تَنَضَّحَ (tanaḍḍaḥa, “to separate oneself abruptly; to put much water on oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَضِّح

Form V: تَنَضَّحَ (tanaḍḍaḥa, “to separate oneself abruptly; to put much water on oneself”); Active participle

اِنْتِضَاح

Form VIII: اِنْتَضَحَ (intaḍaḥa, “to become sprinkled”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَضِح

Form VIII: اِنْتَضَحَ (intaḍaḥa, “to become sprinkled”); Active participle


ز ل ط

Considered a variant or closely related to ب ل ط (b-l-ṭ) in the sense of "even earth or smooth stones", "a pick-axe used to break up or break down larger rocks"; possible connections also with the root ز ل ع (z-l-ʕ) meaning "to swallow up", itself likely being a variation of ب ل ع (b-l-ʕ) also meaning "to swallow or chew up".

Form I: زَلُطَ (zaluṭa, “to gobble down”); Active participle

تَزْلِيط

Form II: زَلَّطَ (zallaṭa, “to denude”); Verbal noun

مُزَلِّط

Form II: زَلَّطَ (zallaṭa, “to denude”); Active participle

تَزَلُّط

Form V: تَزَلَّطَ (tazallaṭa, “to be denuded”); Verbal noun

مُتَزَلِّط

Form V: تَزَلَّطَ (tazallaṭa, “to be denuded”); Active participle

اِنْزِلَاط

Form VII: اِنْزَلَطَ (inzalaṭa, “to become poor”); Verbal noun

مُنْزَلِط

Form VII: اِنْزَلَطَ (inzalaṭa, “to become poor”); Active participle


ع ل ن

عُلُون

Form I: عَلُنَ (ʕaluna, “to be public”), عَلَنَ (ʕalana, “to be public”); Verbal noun

عَالِن

Form I: عَلُنَ (ʕaluna, “to be public”), عَلَنَ (ʕalana, “to be public”); Active participle

عَلْن

Form I: عَلَنَ (ʕalana, “to make public”); Verbal noun

عَالِن

Form I: عَلَنَ (ʕalana, “to make public”); Active participle

مُعَالَنَة

Form III: عَالَنَ (ʕālana, “to act openly to; to lay open to”); Verbal noun

مُعَالِن

Form III: عَالَنَ (ʕālana, “to act openly to; to lay open to”); Active participle

إِعْلَان

Form IV: أَعْلَنَ (ʔaʕlana, “to reveal to the public, to publish, to publicize”); Verbal noun

مُعْلِن

Form IV: أَعْلَنَ (ʔaʕlana, “to reveal to the public, to publish, to publicize”); Active participle

اِعْتِلَان

Form VIII: اِعْتَلَنَ (iʕtalana, “to become public”); Verbal noun

مُعْتَلِن

Form VIII: اِعْتَلَنَ (iʕtalana, “to become public”); Active participle

اِسْتِعْلَان

Form X: اِسْتَعْلَنَ (istaʕlana, “to try to bring to light”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَعْلِن

Form X: اِسْتَعْلَنَ (istaʕlana, “to try to bring to light”); Active participle


ز ل ق

زَلْق

Form I: زَلِقَ (zaliqa, “to slip”); Verbal noun

Form I: زَلِقَ (zaliqa, “to slip”); Active participle

تَزْلِيق

Form II: زَلَّقَ (zallaqa, “to make slip; to make slippery”); Verbal noun

مُزَلِّق

Form II: زَلَّقَ (zallaqa, “to make slip; to make slippery”); Active participle

إِزْلَاق

Form IV: أَزْلَقَ (ʔazlaqa, “to make slip”); Verbal noun

مُزْلِق

Form IV: أَزْلَقَ (ʔazlaqa, “to make slip”); Active participle

تَزَلُّق

Form V: تَزَلَّقَ (tazallaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَزَلِّق

Form V: تَزَلَّقَ (tazallaqa); Active participle

اِنْزِلَاق

Form VII: اِنْزَلَقَ (inzalaqa, “to slip away”); Verbal noun

مُنْزَلِق

Form VII: اِنْزَلَقَ (inzalaqa, “to slip away”); Active participle


peg-

*peg-só-s (“wing”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pakšás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pakṣás

Sanskrit: पक्ष (pakṣá)

*peg-to-s

Proto-Italic: *pektos

Latin: pectus

*peg-tu-s

Proto-Celtic: *ɸextus

Old Irish: ucht

Irish: ucht

Scottish Gaelic: uchd


ش خ ب ط

ش خ ب ط • (š-ḵ-b-ṭ)

Likely an augmentation of the root خ ب ط (ḵ-b-ṭ) meaning “to knock leaves off a branch to the ground”, “to disturb or to mess up”, “to be confounded or confused”; compare also ل خ ب ط (l-ḵ-b-ṭ) and خ ل ب ط (ḵ-l-b-ṭ) denoting a similar conception of a mess or disorganized pile.

خ ب ط (ḵ-b-ṭ)

شَخْبَطَة

Form Iq: شَخْبَطَ (šaḵbaṭa, “to scribble”); Verbal noun

مُشَخْبِط

Form Iq: شَخْبَطَ (šaḵbaṭa, “to scribble”); Active participle

تَشَخْبُط

Form IIq: تَشَخْبَطَ (tašaḵbaṭa, “to become scribbled upon”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَخْبِط

Form IIq: تَشَخْبَطَ (tašaḵbaṭa, “to become scribbled upon”); Active participle


ش ح و ر

ش ح و ر • (š-ḥ-w-r)

Seemingly augmentative to ح و ر (ḥ-w-r), but ش ح ر (š-ḥ-r) is the original.

ش ح ر (š-ḥ-r)


ش ح ر

ش ح ر • (š-ḥ-r)

Seemingly augmentative to ح و ر (ḥ-w-r), as seen in the variant ش ح و ر (š-ḥ-w-r), but largely borrowed from the Aramaic root related to blackness שׁ־ח־ר / ܫ-ܚ-ܪ (š-ḥ-r) for technical terminology; only شَحْر (šaḥr, “inner part of a valley; vestige of an ulcer”) is genuine, with that geographical having a cognate in Aramaic ס־ח־ר / ܣ-ܚ-ܪ (s-ḥ-r).


ش ح ط

ش ح ط • (š-ḥ-ṭ)

شَحَّاطَة

match wherewith fire is made; heavy-soled shoe

شَحْط

Form I: شَحَطَ (šaḥaṭa, “to be remote, to be far; to drag; to rub; to scuff; to strike”); Verbal noun

شَاحِط

Form I: شَحَطَ (šaḥaṭa, “to be remote, to be far; to drag; to rub; to scuff; to strike”); Active participle

تَشْحِيط

Form II: شَحَّطَ (šaḥḥaṭa, “to touch so as to make flounder; to besmear, to bedaub”); Verbal noun

مُشَحِّط

Form II: شَحَّطَ (šaḥḥaṭa, “to touch so as to make flounder; to besmear, to bedaub”); Active participle

إِشْحَاط

Form IV: أَشْحَطَ (ʔašḥaṭa, “to cause to become distant”); Verbal noun

مُشْحِط

Form IV: أَشْحَطَ (ʔašḥaṭa, “to cause to become distant”); Active participle

تَشَحُّط

Form V: تَشَحَّطَ (tašaḥḥaṭa, “to flounder, to struggle; to become besmeared”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَحِّط

Form V: تَشَحَّطَ (tašaḥḥaṭa, “to flounder, to struggle; to become besmeared”); Active participle


ḱlewH-

*ḱlewH-

Proto-Albanian: *klusla

Albanian: qull

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Lithuanian: šlúoti (“to wipe”)

Proto-Italic:

Latin: cluō (“to clean”)

*ḱlu-d-

Proto-Celtic: *clud (cleansing)

→English: Clyde

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: κλύζω (klúzō, “to wash”), κλῠ́δων (klúdōn)

*ḱluH-d-ro-

Proto-Armenian: (probably)

Old Armenian: լուրթ (lurtʻ)

Proto-Germanic: *hlūtraz (see there for further descendants)

q

Proto-Italic: *kloākā (maybe formed to a factitive *klowā- from a PIE adjective *ḱlewH-o-)

>? Latin: cloāca (see there for further descendants)

*ḱluH-ro-

Proto-Celtic:

desc

Welsh: clir (“light, bright, clear, clean, joyful”)

*ḱluH-r-yo- ~ *ḱluH-r-yeh₂-

Proto-Armenian: (probably)

Old Armenian: լուրջ (lurǰ)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Baltic:

Latvian: slaucīt, slaukt, slota

Lithuanian: šlúota, šlaukýti (“to wipe, to rub”), sliaũkti (“to crawl; to slide; to cast off, to make slide; to wipe; to flow slowly”)

→ Proto-Finnic: *luuta (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Slavic: *Slovǫta (“Dniepr”) (see there for further descendants)


ن ض ض

ar-root

ن ض ض • (n-ḍ-ḍ)

نَضّ

Form I: نَضَّ (naḍḍa, “to dripple, to trickle, to ooze, to seep”); Verbal noun

نَاضّ

Form I: نَضَّ (naḍḍa, “to dripple, to trickle, to ooze, to seep”); Active participle

تَنْضِيض

Form II: نَضَّضَ (naḍḍaḍa, “to abound in cash; to shake up, stir up”); Verbal noun

مُنَضِّض

Form II: نَضَّضَ (naḍḍaḍa, “to abound in cash; to shake up, stir up”); Active participle

إِنْضَاض

Form IV: أَنَضَّ (ʔanaḍḍa, “to perform, to carry out, to execute; to be possible”); Verbal noun

مُنِضّ

Form IV: أَنَضَّ (ʔanaḍḍa, “to perform, to carry out, to execute; to be possible”); Active participle

تَنَضُّض

Form V: تَنَضَّضَ (tanaḍḍaḍa, “to incite, to spur on”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَضِّض

Form V: تَنَضَّضَ (tanaḍḍaḍa, “to incite, to spur on”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْضَاض

Form X: اِسْتَنَضَّ (istanaḍḍa, “to receive in small installments”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنِضّ

Form X: اِسْتَنَضَّ (istanaḍḍa, “to receive in small installments”); Active participle


ج ي د

From جِيد (jīd) ex *giwd from the root ج و د (j-w-d).

جَيَد

Form I: جَادَ (jāda, “to have a slender neck”); Verbal noun

Form I: جَادَ (jāda, “to have a slender neck”); Active participle


ث م م

ثَمّ

Form I: ثَمَّ (ṯamma, “to repair, to put into a good state, to mend”); Verbal noun

ثَامّ

Form I: ثَمَّ (ṯamma, “to repair, to put into a good state, to mend”); Active participle

مِثَمَّة

man who sets affairs right, man who puts together good things

ثَمُوم

sheep or goat that plucks with the mouth, especially ثُمَام (ṯumām); buffelgrass


ص ه و

سَهْي

Form I: صَهَا (ṣahā, “to be moist”); Verbal noun

صَاهٍ

Form I: صَهَا (ṣahā, “to be moist”); Active participle

مُصَاهَاة

Form III: صَاهَى (ṣāhā, “to mount upon the صَهْوَة (ṣahwa)”); Verbal noun

مُصَاهٍ

Form III: صَاهَى (ṣāhā, “to mount upon the صَهْوَة (ṣahwa)”); Active participle

إِصْهَاء

Form IV: أَصْهَى (ʔaṣhā, “to have pain in the صَهْوَة (ṣahwa); to let lie on its صَهْوَة (ṣahwa)”); Verbal noun

مُصْهٍ

Form IV: أَصْهَى (ʔaṣhā, “to have pain in the صَهْوَة (ṣahwa); to let lie on its صَهْوَة (ṣahwa)”); Active participle


ص ه ب

Related to ض ه ب (ḍ h b). May be related to ص ب ح (ṣ b ḥ) and ص ح م (ṣ ḥ m).

صَهَب

Form I: صَهِبَ (ṣahiba, “to become or be brownish-red”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَهِبَ (ṣahiba, “to become or be brownish-red”); Active participle

تَصْهِيب

Form II: صَهَّبَ (ṣahhaba, “to make brownish-red”); Verbal noun

مُصَهِّب

Form II: صَهَّبَ (ṣahhaba, “to make brownish-red”); Active participle

إِصْهَاب

Form IV: أَصْهَبَ (ʔaṣhaba, “to get brownish-red children”); Verbal noun

مُصْهِب

Form IV: أَصْهَبَ (ʔaṣhaba, “to get brownish-red children”); Active participle

اِصْهِبَاب

Form IX: اِصْهَبَّ (iṣhabba, “to become or be brownish-red”); Verbal noun

مُصْهَبّ

Form IX: اِصْهَبَّ (iṣhabba, “to become or be brownish-red”); Active participle

اِصْهِيبَاب

Form XI: اِصْهَابَّ (iṣhābba, “to become or be brownish-red”); Verbal noun

مُصْهَابّ

Form XI: اِصْهَابَّ (iṣhābba, “to become or be brownish-red”); Active participle


ص ه ر

صَهْر

Form I: صَهَرَ (ṣahara, “to smelt”); Verbal noun

صَاهِر

Form I: صَهَرَ (ṣahara, “to smelt”); Active participle

مُصَاهَرَة

Form III: صَاهَرَ (ṣāhara, “to be or become related by marriage to”); Verbal noun

مُصَاهِر

Form III: صَاهَرَ (ṣāhara, “to be or become related by marriage to”); Active participle

إِصْهَار

Form IV: أَصْهَرَ (ʔaṣhara, “to smelt”); Verbal noun

مُصْهِر

Form IV: أَصْهَرَ (ʔaṣhara, “to smelt”); Active participle

تَصَاهُر

Form VI: تَصَاهَرَ (taṣāhara, “to be related by marriage to each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَصَاهِر

Form VI: تَصَاهَرَ (taṣāhara, “to be related by marriage to each other”); Active participle

اِنْصِهَار

Form VII: اِنْصَهَرَ (inṣahara, “to become melted”); Verbal noun

مُنْصَهِر

Form VII: اِنْصَهَرَ (inṣahara, “to become melted”); Active participle

اِصْطِهَار

Form VIII: اِصْطَهَرَ (iṣṭahara, “to smelt; to glisten by reason of heat”); Verbal noun

مُصْطَهِر

Form VIII: اِصْطَهَرَ (iṣṭahara, “to smelt; to glisten by reason of heat”); Active participle

اِصْهِيرَار

Form XI: اِصْهَارَّ (iṣhārra, “to glisten by reason of heat”); Verbal noun

مُصْهَارّ

Form XI: اِصْهَارَّ (iṣhārra, “to glisten by reason of heat”); Active participle

صِهْرَة

صِهْر (ṣihr, “relatedness through marriage, affinity; swager”)

مَصْهَر

place where melting takes place, foundry, smelter


ه ي ف

هَيْف

Form I: هَافَ (hāfa, “to be scrawny; to run away”); Verbal noun

هَائِف

Form I: هَافَ (hāfa, “to be scrawny; to run away”); Active participle

هَيَف

Form I: هَافَ (hāfa, “to be scrawny”); Verbal noun

Form I: هَافَ (hāfa, “to be scrawny”); Active participle

تَهْيِيف

Form II: هَيَّفَ (hayyafa, “to be scrawny”); Verbal noun

مُهَيِّف

Form II: هَيَّفَ (hayyafa, “to be scrawny”); Active participle

إِهَافَة

Form IV: أَهَافَ (ʔahāfa, “to have thirsty camels; to roast”); Verbal noun

مُهِيف

Form IV: أَهَافَ (ʔahāfa, “to have thirsty camels; to roast”); Active participle

اِهْتِيَاف

Form VIII: اِهْتَافَ (ihtāfa, “to labour from thirst”); Verbal noun

مُهْتَاف

Form VIII: اِهْتَافَ (ihtāfa, “to labour from thirst”); Active participle


ه ي ب

مُهَيِّب

Form II: هَيَّبَ (hayyaba); Active participle

مُهِيب

Form IV: أَهَابَ (ʔahāba); Active participle

تَهَيُّب

Form V: تَهَيَّبَ (tahayyaba); Verbal noun

مُتَهَيِّب

Form V: تَهَيَّبَ (tahayyaba); Active participle

اِهْتِيَاب

Form VIII: اِهْتَابَ (ihtāba); Verbal noun

مُهْتَاب

Form VIII: اِهْتَابَ (ihtāba); Active participle

اِسْتِهَابَة

Form X: اِسْتَهَابَ (istahāba); Verbal noun

مُسْتَهِيب

Form X: اِسْتَهَابَ (istahāba); Active participle


ه ي ج

مُهَيِّج

Form II: هَيَّجَ (hayyaja); Active participle

مُهَايِج

Form III: هَايَجَ (hāyaja); Active participle

مُهِيج

Form IV: أَهَاجَ (ʔahāja); Active participle

تَهَيُّج

Form V: تَهَيَّجَ (tahayyaja); Verbal noun

مُتَهَيِّج

Form V: تَهَيَّجَ (tahayyaja); Active participle

تَهَايُج

Form VI: تَهَايَجَ (tahāyaja); Verbal noun

مُتَهَايِج

Form VI: تَهَايَجَ (tahāyaja); Active participle

اِهْتِيَاج

Form VIII: اِهْتَاجَ (ihtāja); Verbal noun

مُهْتَاج

Form VIII: اِهْتَاجَ (ihtāja); Active participle

اِسْتِهَاجَة

Form X: اِسْتَهَاجَ (istahāja); Verbal noun

مُسْتَهِيج

Form X: اِسْتَهَاجَ (istahāja); Active participle


و ث ر

related to things being smooth and cushy

وَثَارَة

Form I: وَثُرَ (waṯura, “to be cushy, to be cozy, to be comfortable, to be smooth”); Verbal noun

Form I: وَثُرَ (waṯura, “to be cushy, to be cozy, to be comfortable, to be smooth”); Active participle

وَثْر

Form I: وَثَرَ (waṯara, “to make smooth”); Verbal noun

وَاثِر

Form I: وَثَرَ (waṯara, “to make smooth”); Active participle

تَوْثِير

Form II: وَثَّرَ (waṯṯara, “to make smooth”); Verbal noun

مُوَثِّر

Form II: وَثَّرَ (waṯṯara, “to make smooth”); Active participle

أَوْثَر

more cushy, more cozy, more comfortable, more smooth


ف د ح

فَدْح

Form I: فَدَحَ (fadaḥa, “to burden, to oppress”); Verbal noun

فَادِح

Form I: فَدَحَ (fadaḥa, “to burden, to oppress”); Active participle

إِفْدَاح

Form IV: أَفْدَحَ (ʔafdaḥa, “to deem burdensome”); Verbal noun

مُفْدِح

Form IV: أَفْدَحَ (ʔafdaḥa, “to deem burdensome”); Active participle

اِسْتِفْدَاح

Form X: اِسْتَفْدَحَ (istafdaḥa, “to deem burdensome”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَفْدِح

Form X: اِسْتَفْدَحَ (istafdaḥa, “to deem burdensome”); Active participle


س ب ط

سَبَاطَة

Form I: سَبَطَ (sabaṭa, “to be slender, to lank; to be even”); Verbal noun

سَابِط

Form I: سَبَطَ (sabaṭa, “to be slender, to lank; to be even”); Active participle

تَسْبِيط

Form II: سَبَّطَ (sabbaṭa, “to miscarry”); Verbal noun

مُسَبِّط

Form II: سَبَّطَ (sabbaṭa, “to miscarry”); Active participle

إِسْبَاط

Form IV: أَسْبَطَ (ʔasbaṭa, “to extend oneself, to become stretched”); Verbal noun

مُسْبِط

Form IV: أَسْبَطَ (ʔasbaṭa, “to extend oneself, to become stretched”); Active participle

سُبَاطَة

sweepings; what falls from hair when it is combed; bunch of fruits


(s)kewd-

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Oswald Szemerényi
Vladimir Orel

*(s)kéwd-e-ti ~ *(s)kéwd-o-nti (thematic root present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáwdati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáwdati

Sanskrit: चोदति (codati) (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Albanian:

Proto-Albanian: *skeuda

Albanian: hedh (“to throw”)

desc

>? Proto-Germanic: *skeutaną (“to shoot”) (disputed) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)kud-tó-s (“propelled”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čutˢtás

Proto-Iranian: *custáh

Persian: چست (čost, “quick, active”)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūˀdā́ˀtei

Latvian: kûdît, kûdinât (“to drive, to urge”) (possibly)

Lithuanian: skiautė, skutai

Proto-Slavic: *kydati impf, *kydnǫti pf (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *huttōną (“to run”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

>? Proto-Scythian: *Skuδa (“shooter”)

→ Ancient Greek: Σκύθης (Skúthēs, “Scythian”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Persian: 𐎿𐎣 (s-k, “Scythia”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ 𐎿𐎣𐎠 (s-k-a, “Scythian”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Akkadian: 𒅖𒆪𒍝𒀀𒀀 (Iškuzaya, “Scythian”) (see there for further descendants)


ر ج ح ن

Augmented from ر ج ح (r-j-ḥ) related to weighing out, perhaps from using the Modus energicus.

related to weighing in a certain direction

اِرْجِحْنَان

Form IVq: اِرْجَحَنَّ (irjaḥanna); Verbal noun

مُرْجَحِنّ

Form IVq: اِرْجَحَنَّ (irjaḥanna); Active participle


ق ل ي

قَلْي

Form I: قَلَى (qalā, “to fry”); Verbal noun

قَالٍ

Form I: قَلَى (qalā, “to fry”); Active participle

قِلًى

Form I: قَلَى (qalā, “to hate”); Verbal noun

قَالٍ

Form I: قَلَى (qalā, “to hate”); Active participle

تَقَلٍّ

Form V: تَقَلَّى (taqallā, “to burn with anger”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَلٍّ

Form V: تَقَلَّى (taqallā, “to burn with anger”); Active participle

اِنْقِلَاء

Form VII: اِنْقَلَى (inqalā, “to be fried”); Verbal noun

مُنْقَلٍ

Form VII: اِنْقَلَى (inqalā, “to be fried”); Active participle


ق ل و

قَلْو

Form I: قَلَا (qalā, “to fry”); Verbal noun

قَالٍ

Form I: قَلَا (qalā, “to fry”); Active participle

قِلًا

Form I: قَلَا (qalā, “to hate”); Verbal noun

قَالٍ

Form I: قَلَا (qalā, “to hate”); Active participle


ر ج ح

رُجُوح

Form I: رَجَحَ (rajaḥa, “to outweigh”); Verbal noun

رَاجِح

Form I: رَجَحَ (rajaḥa, “to outweigh”); Active participle

مُرَجِّح

Form II: رَجَّحَ (rajjaḥa); Active participle

إِرْجَاح

Form IV: أَرْجَحَ (ʔarjaḥa, “to make incline”); Verbal noun

مُرْجِح

Form IV: أَرْجَحَ (ʔarjaḥa, “to make incline”); Active participle

تَرَجُّح

Form V: تَرَجَّحَ (tarajjaḥa, “to dangle”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَجِّح

Form V: تَرَجَّحَ (tarajjaḥa, “to dangle”); Active participle

اِرْتِجَاح

Form VIII: اِرْتَجَحَ (irtajaḥa, “to dangle”); Verbal noun

مُرْتَجِح

Form VIII: اِرْتَجَحَ (irtajaḥa, “to dangle”); Active participle

اِسْتِرْجَاح

Form X: اِسْتَرْجَحَ (istarjaḥa, “to deem preferable”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَرْجِح

Form X: اِسْتَرْجَحَ (istarjaḥa, “to deem preferable”); Active participle

مَرْجَحَة

Form Iq: مَرْجَحَ (marjaḥa); Verbal noun

مُمَرْجِح

Form Iq: مَرْجَحَ (marjaḥa); Active participle

تَأَرْجُح

Form IIq: تَأَرْجَحَ (taʔarjaḥa); Verbal noun

مُتَأَرْجِح

Form IIq: تَأَرْجَحَ (taʔarjaḥa); Active participle

تَمَرْجُح

Form IIq: تَمَرْجَحَ (tamarjaḥa); Verbal noun

مُتَمَرْجِح

Form IIq: تَمَرْجَحَ (tamarjaḥa); Active participle

اِرْجِحْنَان

Form IVq: اِرْجَحَنَّ (irjaḥanna); Verbal noun

مُرْجَحِنّ

Form IVq: اِرْجَحَنَّ (irjaḥanna); Active participle


Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

*kl̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *kl̥-n-h₂-énti (athematic nasal infix present)

Proto-Italic: *kelnō

⇒ Latin: per-cellō

Proto-Italic: *klāwā

Latin: clāva (“club”)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: κλᾰ́ω (kláō)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kálˀtei (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *kl̥h₂d-é-ti

Proto-Celtic: *kladeti (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Celtic: *koldom (“destruction”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *kol(h₂)d-éye-ti (factitive)

Proto-Germanic: *haltijaną (“to make lame”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *kol(h₂)d-o-s (adjective)

Proto-Germanic: *haltaz (“lame, limp”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒? *kól(h₂)d ~ *kl̥d-és n (root noun) (with laryngeal deletion?)

Proto-Germanic: *hultą (“wood, grove”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *klə́dos

Ancient Greek: κλᾰ́δος (kládos, “branch, shoot”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒? *kol(h₂)d-éh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kálˀdāˀ

Proto-Slavic: *kolda (“log, block (of wood)”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *kl̥h₂-d-eh₁-s

q

or from <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*kl̥h₂-dʰeh₁-s</i>

>? Proto-Italic: *klādēs (or from *kl̥h₂-dʰeh₁-s)

Latin: clādēs (“breaking, destruction”)

⇒? *kel(h₂)-g(H)-

⇒ *kol(h₂)g-eh₂

Proto-Celtic: *kolgā

Proto-Brythonic: *kolɣ

Cornish: colgh

Middle Welsh: coly

Welsh: col

Old Irish: colg

Irish: colg


س ح ر

The “sorcery” significations according to Barth correspond to Aramaic ח־ר־שׁ, ܚ-ܪ-ܫ (ḥ-r-š), Hebrew ח־ר־שׁ, Ge'ez ሐ ረ ሰ (ḥ-r-s), whereas Fraenkels points out that the Arabic might instead be related to שׁ־ח־ר (“blackness”) (present by borrowing in Arabic as ش ح ر (š-ḥ-r)), and Nöldeke thought the Geʿez is borrowed from Aramaic, which Leslau reproaches with Sebat Bet Gurage araši (“one who has the power of casting the evil eye”), Beja hariš (“magic”). Von Soden sees a connection with Akkadian 𒄩𒊏𒋗 (/ḫarāšu/, “to bind, to tie”) because of magical knot imagery. However the word can well be related to Akkadian 𒊓𒄩𒊒 (sa-ḫa-ru /saḫāru/, “to turn; to circumambulate; to circle, to curve; to encircle with magic; to repel etc.”) allowing for reconstruction of Proto-Semitic *sax̣ar-. In any case the “dawn” root constitutes a separate reconstruction Proto-Semitic *šaḥ(a)r- and the Arabic root formula is polyphyletic.

cog

Hebrew ח־ר־שׁ

ar-root

ش ح ر (š-ḥ-r)

cog

سِحْر

Form I: سَحَرَ (saḥara, “to bewitch”); Verbal noun

سَاحِر

Form I: سَحَرَ (saḥara, “to bewitch”); Active participle

تَسْحِير

Form II: سَحَّرَ (saḥḥara, “to bewitch”); Verbal noun

مُسَحِّر

Form II: سَحَّرَ (saḥḥara, “to bewitch”); Active participle

إِسْحَار

Form IV: أَسْحَرَ (ʔasḥara, “to journey at dawn”); Verbal noun

مُسْحِر

Form IV: أَسْحَرَ (ʔasḥara, “to journey at dawn”); Active participle

تَسَحُّر

Form V: تَسَحَّرَ (tasaḥḥara, “to take the morning snack suhur”); Verbal noun

مُتَسَحِّر

Form V: تَسَحَّرَ (tasaḥḥara, “to take the morning snack suhur”); Active participle

اِنْسِحَار

Form VII: اِنْسَحَرَ (insaḥara, “to be bewitched”); Verbal noun

مُنْسَحِر

Form VII: اِنْسَحَرَ (insaḥara, “to be bewitched”); Active participle

اِسْتِحَار

Form VIII: اِسْتَحَرَ (istaḥara, “to crow at dawn”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحِر

Form VIII: اِسْتَحَرَ (istaḥara, “to crow at dawn”); Active participle

سُحَارَة

parts of the sheep the butcher throws away, comprising lungs, windpipe, and their appendages


ه ي ل

هَيْل

Form I: هَالَ (hāla, “to pile”); Verbal noun

هَائِل

Form I: هَالَ (hāla, “to pile”); Active participle

تَهْيِيل

Form II: هَيَّلَ (hayyala, “to pile”); Verbal noun

مُهَيِّل

Form II: هَيَّلَ (hayyala, “to pile”); Active participle

تَهَيُّل

Form V: تَهَيَّلَ (tahayyala, “to be piled”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَيِّل

Form V: تَهَيَّلَ (tahayyala, “to be piled”); Active participle

اِنْهِيَال

Form VII: اِنْهَالَ (inhāla, “to be piled; to slip, to slide, to be poured down”); Verbal noun

مُنْهَال

Form VII: اِنْهَالَ (inhāla, “to be piled; to slip, to slide, to be poured down”); Active participle


ج ع د

A blend of perhaps ج ي ء (j-y-ʔ) and ع و د (ʕ-w-d).

جُعُودَة

Form I: جَعُدَ (jaʕuda, “to be curly, to be crisp, to be twisted, to be wavy”); Verbal noun

Form I: جَعُدَ (jaʕuda, “to be curly, to be crisp, to be twisted, to be wavy”); Active participle

تَجْعِيد

Form II: جَعَّدَ (jaʕʕada, “to make curly, to make crisp, to make twisted, to make wavy”); Verbal noun

مُجَعِّد

Form II: جَعَّدَ (jaʕʕada, “to make curly, to make crisp, to make twisted, to make wavy”); Active participle

تَجَعُّد

Form V: تَجَعَّدَ (tajaʕʕada, “to be curly, to be crisp, to be twisted, to be wavy”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَعِّد

Form V: تَجَعَّدَ (tajaʕʕada, “to be curly, to be crisp, to be twisted, to be wavy”); Active participle


(s)mewk-

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

*sméwk-eti (thematic root present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *smáwčati

Proto-Iranian: *hmáwčati (see there for further descendants)

*méwk-t ~ muk-ént (athematic root aorist)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mukatei

Proto-Slavic: *mъčati (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hámučat

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hámućat

Sanskrit: अमुचत् (ámucat, 3sg.act.aor.)

*méwk-se-ti (*(h₁)se-desiderative)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máwkšati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máwkṣati

desc

Sanskrit: मोक्षते (mókṣate, “to free one's self”, 3sg.med.)

⇒ Sanskrit: मोक्ष (mokṣa) (see there for further descendants)

*muk-yé-ti (*yé-present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mučyáti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mućyáti

Sanskrit: मुच्यते (múcyate, “be set free, released”, 3sg.med.)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἀπομύσσω (apomússō)

*mu-n-ék-ti ~ *mu-n-k-éti (nasal-infix present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *muktei

Latvian: mukt (“knock off, slip”)

Lithuanian: mùkti, munkù, mukaũ (“be released, escape”)

Proto-Slavic: *mъknǫti (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *munčáti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *munćáti

Sanskrit: मुञ्चति (muñcáti, “to free, let loose”)

⇒ Sanskrit: आमुञ्चति (āmuñcáti, “to dress”)

Proto-Iranian: *munčáti

⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patimunčáti (“to clothe”)

Sogdian: (/pət(ī)menǰ-/)

Buddhist: [script needed] (pt’ym’ync, 3sg.impf.)

Christian: [script needed] (ptmynct, 3sg.pres.), [script needed] (ptymync, 3sg.impf.)

Manichaean: [script needed] (pt’ymync, 3sg.impf.)

⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *prámunčati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *prámunćati

Sanskrit: प्रमुञ्चति (prámuñcati, “to untie, loosen”)

Proto-Iranian: *frámunčati

Sogdian:

Christian: [script needed] (fr’mnc-, “to divest oneself of, take off”)

Proto-Italic:

Latin: ēmungō

*mí-muk-(h₁)se-ti (i-reduplicated *(h₁)se-desiderative)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mímukšati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mímukṣati

Sanskrit: मुमुक्षति (múmukṣati, “to wish to free one's self”)

*muk-tó-s (“released, discharged”)

Proto-Albanian: *mukta

Albanian: mut (“excrement”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *muktás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *muktás

desctree

Sanskrit: मुक्त (muktá, “discharged, freed, loosed”)
→ Bengali: মুক্ত (mukto)
→ Hindi: मुक्त (mukt)
→ Marathi: मुक्त (mukta)
→ Telugu: ముక్తము (muktamu)


ن ز ر

نَزَارَة

Form I: نَزُرَ (nazura, “to be minimal, to be little, to be scarce, to be scant, to be trifling”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَزُرَ (nazura, “to be minimal, to be little, to be scarce, to be scant, to be trifling”); Active participle

نَزْر

Form I: نَزَرَ (nazara, “to deem little, to esteem trifling; to withdraw little by little”); Verbal noun

نَازِر

Form I: نَزَرَ (nazara, “to deem little, to esteem trifling; to withdraw little by little”); Active participle

تَنْزِير

Form II: نَزَّرَ (nazzara, “to make little, to make small”); Verbal noun

مُنَزِّر

Form II: نَزَّرَ (nazzara, “to make little, to make small”); Active participle

إِنْزَار

Form IV: أَنْزَرَ (ʔanzara, “to make little, to make small”); Verbal noun

مُنْزِر

Form IV: أَنْزَرَ (ʔanzara, “to make little, to make small”); Active participle

تَنَزُّر

Form V: تَنَزَّرَ (tanazzara, “to decrease, to be rendered little, to become diminished”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَزِّر

Form V: تَنَزَّرَ (tanazzara, “to decrease, to be rendered little, to become diminished”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْزَار

Form X: اِسْتَنْزَرَ (istanzara, “to render scarce”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْزِر

Form X: اِسْتَنْزَرَ (istanzara, “to render scarce”); Active participle

نِزَار

the quality of a she-camel to scarcely ever conceive except against her will


ع ت ر

related to being cut and consequentially exposed

عَتْر

Form I: عَتَرَ (ʕatara, “to sacrifice”); Verbal noun

عَاتِر

Form I: عَتَرَ (ʕatara, “to sacrifice”); Active participle

عِتْر

original state, natural disposition; penis; Glossonema varians; idol offered to


ن ز ع

Apparently the most primitive senses are related to striving into a well to get water, which is confirmed by comparative evidence, regard Hebrew נָסַע (nāsaʿ, “to pull out, to set out”), Aramaic נְסַע (nsaʿ, “to remove”), Ugaritic 𐎐𐎒𐎓 (nsʿ, “to pull out”), Akkadian 𒍣 (/nasāḫu/, “to pull out”), Akkadian 𒁁 (/nēsu/, “to remove; to depart”), Tigre ነዝዓ (näzʿa, “to pull out”), Ge'ez ነዝዐ (näzʿä, “to pull out”), ነዝሐ (näzḥä, “to pull out”), Old South Arabian 𐩬𐩸𐩲 (nzʿ, “to withdraw”), and meeting the meaning of the third stem in Arabic Old South Arabian 𐩬𐩸𐩲 (nzʿ, “to come to grips; quarrel”).

تَنْزِيع

Form II: نَزَّعَ (nazzaʕa, “to pluck out”); Verbal noun

مُنَزِّع

Form II: نَزَّعَ (nazzaʕa, “to pluck out”); Active participle

مُنَازِع

Form III: نَازَعَ (nāzaʕa); Active participle

إِنْزَاع

Form IV: أَنْزَعَ (ʔanzaʕa, “to uproot”); Verbal noun

مُنْزِع

Form IV: أَنْزَعَ (ʔanzaʕa, “to uproot”); Active participle

تَنَازُع

Form VI: تَنَازَعَ (tanāzaʕa); Verbal noun

مُتَنَازِع

Form VI: تَنَازَعَ (tanāzaʕa); Active participle

اِنْتِزَاع

Form VIII: اِنْتَزَعَ (intazaʕa, “to draw out, to wrest”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَزِع

Form VIII: اِنْتَزَعَ (intazaʕa, “to draw out, to wrest”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْزَاع

Form X: اِسْتَنْزَعَ (istanzaʕa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْزِع

Form X: اِسْتَنْزَعَ (istanzaʕa); Active participle

نَزِيع

not deep, so that one can pull out from it with ease; intruder, foreigner

نَزْع

Form I: نَزَعَ (nazaʕa, “to pull out”); Verbal noun

نَازِع

Form I: نَزَعَ (nazaʕa, “to pull out”); Active participle

نُزُوع

Form I: نَزَعَ (nazaʕa, “to yearn, to strive, to tend, to be inclined”); Verbal noun

نَازِع

Form I: نَزَعَ (nazaʕa, “to yearn, to strive, to tend, to be inclined”); Active participle


م ذ ي

مَذْي

Form I: مَذَى (maḏā, “to release, to discharge”); Verbal noun

مَاذٍ

Form I: مَذَى (maḏā, “to release, to discharge”); Active participle

تَمْذِيَة

Form II: مَذَّى (maḏḏā, “to release”); Verbal noun

مُمَذٍّ

Form II: مَذَّى (maḏḏā, “to release”); Active participle

مُمَاذَاة

Form III: مَاذَى (māḏā, “to congregate, so they find matches”); Verbal noun

مُمَاذٍ

Form III: مَاذَى (māḏā, “to congregate, so they find matches”); Active participle

إِمْذَاء

Form IV: أَمْذَى (ʔamḏā, “to release, to discharge”); Verbal noun

مُمْذٍ

Form IV: أَمْذَى (ʔamḏā, “to release, to discharge”); Active participle


jito

Cognates include Minica Huitoto jito and Nüpode Huitoto jitdo.


ف ر ع

فَرْع

Form I: فَرَعَ (faraʕa, “to ascend; to surpass”); Verbal noun

فَارِع

Form I: فَرَعَ (faraʕa, “to ascend; to surpass”); Active participle

تَفْرِيع

Form II: فَرَّعَ (farraʕa, “to branch out; to derive”); Verbal noun

مُفَرِّع

Form II: فَرَّعَ (farraʕa, “to branch out; to derive”); Active participle

إِفْرَاع

Form IV: أَفْرَعَ (ʔafraʕa, “to climb about, to go round, to alight as a guest at; to begin (to narrate); to bring forth firstlings; to injure, to make bleed; to slaughter (the firstling) for offering”); Verbal noun

مُفْرِع

Form IV: أَفْرَعَ (ʔafraʕa, “to climb about, to go round, to alight as a guest at; to begin (to narrate); to bring forth firstlings; to injure, to make bleed; to slaughter (the firstling) for offering”); Active participle

تَفَرُّع

Form V: تَفَرَّعَ (tafarraʕa, “to branch out, to be derived”); Verbal noun

مُتَفَرِّع

Form V: تَفَرَّعَ (tafarraʕa, “to branch out, to be derived”); Active participle

اِفْتِرَاع

Form VIII: اِفْتَرَعَ (iftaraʕa, “to devirginate”); Verbal noun

مُفْتَرِع

Form VIII: اِفْتَرَعَ (iftaraʕa, “to devirginate”); Active participle

اِسْتِفْرَاع

Form X: اِسْتَفْرَعَ (istafraʕa, “to slaughter (the firstling); to begin (to narrate)”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَفْرِع

Form X: اِسْتَفْرَعَ (istafraʕa, “to slaughter (the firstling); to begin (to narrate)”); Active participle

فُرْعَة

blood of the virgin on the occasion of devirgination

مِفْرَع

one who interposes as a reconciliator between persons


و ض ء

ar-root

و ض ء • (w-ḍ-ʔ)

وَضْء

Form I: وَضَأَ (waḍaʔa, “to surpass in cleanliness”); Verbal noun

وَاضِئ

Form I: وَضَأَ (waḍaʔa, “to surpass in cleanliness”); Active participle

وَضَاءَة

Form I: وَضُؤَ (waḍuʔa, “to be clean”); Verbal noun

Form I: وَضُؤَ (waḍuʔa, “to be clean”); Active participle

تَوْضِيء

Form II: وَضَّأَ (waḍḍaʔa, “to make to perform cleaning”); Verbal noun

مُوَضِّئ

Form II: وَضَّأَ (waḍḍaʔa, “to make to perform cleaning”); Active participle

مُوَاضَأَة

Form III: وَاضَأَ (wāḍaʔa, “to vie with in cleanliness”); Verbal noun

مُوَاضِئ

Form III: وَاضَأَ (wāḍaʔa, “to vie with in cleanliness”); Active participle

تَوَضُّؤ

Form V: تَوَضَّأَ (tawaḍḍaʔa, “to perform cleaning on oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَضِّئ

Form V: تَوَضَّأَ (tawaḍḍaʔa, “to perform cleaning on oneself”); Active participle


و د ي

وَدْي

Form I: وَدَى (wadā, “to whip out the penis for discharging it; to give bloodwite to; to let come up, to bring near”); Verbal noun

وَادٍ

Form I: وَدَى (wadā, “to whip out the penis for discharging it; to give bloodwite to; to let come up, to bring near”); Active participle

تَوْدِيَة

Form II: وَدَّى (waddā, “to carry off, to send to, to bring to”); Verbal noun

مُوَدٍّ

Form II: وَدَّى (waddā, “to carry off, to send to, to bring to”); Active participle

مُوَادَاة

Form III: وَادَى (wādā, “to take bloodwite from”); Verbal noun

مُوَادٍ

Form III: وَادَى (wādā, “to take bloodwite from”); Active participle

إِيدَاء

Form IV: أَوْدَى (ʔawdā, “to take the life of”); Verbal noun

مُودٍ

Form IV: أَوْدَى (ʔawdā, “to take the life of”); Active participle

اِتِّدَاء

Form VIII: اِتَّدَى (ittadā, “to accept the bloodwite”); Verbal noun

مُتَّدٍ

Form VIII: اِتَّدَى (ittadā, “to accept the bloodwite”); Active participle

اِسْتِيدَاء

Form X: اِسْتَوْدَى (istawdā, “to acknowledge the claim”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَوْدٍ

Form X: اِسْتَوْدَى (istawdā, “to acknowledge the claim”); Active participle


ر م ح

رَمْح

Form I: رَمَحَ (ramaḥa, “to thrust, to pierce”); Verbal noun

رَامِح

Form I: رَمَحَ (ramaḥa, “to thrust, to pierce”); Active participle

مُرَامَحَة

Form III: رَامَحَ (rāmaḥa, “to vie with in piercing with the spear or lance”); Verbal noun

مُرَامِح

Form III: رَامَحَ (rāmaḥa, “to vie with in piercing with the spear or lance”); Active participle

تَرَامُح

Form VI: تَرَامَحَ (tarāmaḥa, “to vie with each other in piercing with the spear or lance”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَامِح

Form VI: تَرَامَحَ (tarāmaḥa, “to vie with each other in piercing with the spear or lance”); Active participle


ḱens-

*ḱéns-e-ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćánsati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śánsati

Sanskrit: शंसति (śáṃsati)

Proto-Iranian: *cánhati (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *kensēō (< earlier *kensējō)

Latin: cēnseō

*ḱóns-mo-

Proto-Hellenic: *kónsmos

Ancient Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)

*ḱómso- (possibly)

Hellenic: [Term?]

Ancient Greek: κῶμος (kômos)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Albanian: *θēm-

Albanian: them

Proto-Germanic: *hazjaną

Perhaps an old ingressive s-formation of *ḱem-.


ط غ و

ط غ و • (ṭ-ḡ-w)

alternative form of ط غ ي (ṭ ḡ y, “related to transgression”)

طَغْو

Form I: طَغَا (ṭaḡā, “to transgress”); Verbal noun

طَاغٍ

Form I: طَغَا (ṭaḡā, “to transgress”); Active participle

إِطْغَاء

Form IV: أَطْغَى (ʔaṭḡā, “to make transgress”); Verbal noun

مُطْغٍ

Form IV: أَطْغَى (ʔaṭḡā, “to make transgress”); Active participle

تَطَاغٍ

Form VI: تَطَاغَى (taṭāḡā, “to dash together”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَاغٍ

Form VI: تَطَاغَى (taṭāḡā, “to dash together”); Active participle


ط غ ي

ط غ ي • (ṭ-ḡ-y)

طَغْي

Form I: طَغَى (ṭaḡā, “to transgress”); Verbal noun

طَاغٍ

Form I: طَغَى (ṭaḡā, “to transgress”); Active participle


ب ه ظ

بَاهِظ

Form I: بَهَظَ (bahaẓa, “to oppress, to weigh heavy on”); Active participle

إِبْهَاظ

Form IV: أَبْهَظَ (ʔabhaẓa, “to oppress, to weigh heavy on”); Verbal noun

مُبْهِظ

Form IV: أَبْهَظَ (ʔabhaẓa, “to oppress, to weigh heavy on”); Active participle


ش غ ر

ش غ ر • (š-ḡ-r)

شُغُور

Form I: شَغَرَ (šaḡara, “to be destitute of a guardian, to lack protection, to be without fortification; to be vacant, to be free to be taken”); Verbal noun

شَاغِر

Form I: شَغَرَ (šaḡara, “to be destitute of a guardian, to lack protection, to be without fortification; to be vacant, to be free to be taken”); Active participle

شَغْر

Form I: شَغَرَ (šaḡara, “to raise the hindleg (on); to expel, to drive away”); Verbal noun

شَاغِر

Form I: شَغَرَ (šaḡara, “to raise the hindleg (on); to expel, to drive away”); Active participle

مُشَاغَرَة

Form III: شَاغَرَ (šāḡara, “to give a woman to marry in exchange for being given a woman to marry”); Verbal noun

مُشَاغِر

Form III: شَاغَرَ (šāḡara, “to give a woman to marry in exchange for being given a woman to marry”); Active participle

إِشْغَار

Form IV: أَشْغَرَ (ʔašḡara, “to go with wide steps and quickly”); Verbal noun

مُشْغِر

Form IV: أَشْغَرَ (ʔašḡara, “to go with wide steps and quickly”); Active participle

تَشَغُّر

Form V: تَشَغَّرَ (tašaḡḡara, “to spare no exertion in one’s page, to run vehemently; to persevere”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَغِّر

Form V: تَشَغَّرَ (tašaḡḡara, “to spare no exertion in one’s page, to run vehemently; to persevere”); Active participle

اِشْتِغَار

Form VIII: اِشْتَغَرَ (ištaḡara, “to be diffuse, to be so ample as to be difficult to numerate”); Verbal noun

مُشْتَغِر

Form VIII: اِشْتَغَرَ (ištaḡara, “to be diffuse, to be so ample as to be difficult to numerate”); Active participle

شَغُور

tall camel that raises her legs when to be milked or ridden


غ ز و

غَزْو

Form I: غَزَا (ḡazā, “to will, to desire, to seek”); Verbal noun

غَازٍ

Form I: غَزَا (ḡazā, “to will, to desire, to seek”); Active participle

غَزْو

Form I: غَزَا (ḡazā, “to raid, to foray, to betake oneself to wage war against”); Verbal noun

غَازٍ

Form I: غَزَا (ḡazā, “to raid, to foray, to betake oneself to wage war against”); Active participle

تَغْزِيَة

Form II: غَزَّى (ḡazzā, “to fit or furnish for war; to send to war”); Verbal noun

مُغَزٍّ

Form II: غَزَّى (ḡazzā, “to fit or furnish for war; to send to war”); Active participle

إِغْزَاء

Form IV: أَغْزَى (ʔaḡzā, “to fit or furnish for war; to send to war; to have a husband absent by reason of war”); Verbal noun

مُغْزٍ

Form IV: أَغْزَى (ʔaḡzā, “to fit or furnish for war; to send to war; to have a husband absent by reason of war”); Active participle

اِغْتِزَاء

Form VIII: اِغْتَزَى (iḡtazā, “to will, to end”); Verbal noun

مُغْتَزٍ

Form VIII: اِغْتَزَى (iḡtazā, “to will, to end”); Active participle

غَزْوَة

raid, attack, incursion, invasion, foray, offensive


ء ي س

Variant of ي ء س (y-ʔ-s). Compare with Hebrew יָאַשׁ (yāʾaš, “to despair”), Aramaic יָאֵשׁ (yaʾəš, “to make desperate”), איעש (“despair”), יְאוּשָׁא (yəʾūšā, “despair”).

cog

أَيْس

Form I: أَيِسَ (ʔayisa, “to give up hope”); Verbal noun

آيِس

Form I: أَيِسَ (ʔayisa, “to give up hope”); Active participle

تَأْيِيس

Form II: أَيَّسَ (ʔayyasa, “to make desperate; to make soft, to make pliant”); Verbal noun

مُؤَيِّس

Form II: أَيَّسَ (ʔayyasa, “to make desperate; to make soft, to make pliant”); Active participle

إِيئَاس

Form IV: آيَسَ (ʔāyasa, “to lead into desperation”); Verbal noun

مُؤْيِس

Form IV: آيَسَ (ʔāyasa, “to lead into desperation”); Active participle

تَأَيُّس

Form V: تَأَيَّسَ (taʔayyasa, “to become desperate; to become soft, to become pliant”); Verbal noun

مُتَأَيِّس

Form V: تَأَيَّسَ (taʔayyasa, “to become desperate; to become soft, to become pliant”); Active participle


ء و م

related to letting things follow oneself as by respiration

أَوْم

Form I: آمَ (ʔāma, “to respire thirstily; to smoke; to precede; to govern”); Verbal noun

Form I: آمَ (ʔāma, “to respire thirstily; to smoke; to precede; to govern”); Active participle

تَأْوِيم

Form II: أَوَّمَ (ʔawwama, “to make thirsty”); Verbal noun

مُؤَوِّم

Form II: أَوَّمَ (ʔawwama, “to make thirsty”); Active participle


ي ء س

يَأْس

Form I: يَئِسَ (yaʔisa, “to give up hope”); Verbal noun

Form I: يَئِسَ (yaʔisa, “to give up hope”); Active participle

يَأْس

Form I: يَئِسَ (yaʔisa, “to know”); Verbal noun

Form I: يَئِسَ (yaʔisa, “to know”); Active participle

مُيَئِّس

Form II: يَأَّسَ (yaʔʔasa); Active participle

إِيئَاس

Form IV: أَيْئَسَ (ʔayʔasa, “to lead into desperation”), أَيْأَسَ (ʔayʔasa, “to lead into desperation”); Verbal noun

مُوئِس

Form IV: أَيْئَسَ (ʔayʔasa, “to lead into desperation”), أَيْأَسَ (ʔayʔasa, “to lead into desperation”); Active participle

اِتِّئَاس

Form VIII: اِتَّأَسَ (ittaʔasa, “to lose hope regarding (with مِن)”); Verbal noun

مُتَّئِس

Form VIII: اِتَّأَسَ (ittaʔasa, “to lose hope regarding (with مِن)”); Active participle

اِسْتِيئَاس

Form X: اِسْتَيْئَسَ (istayʔasa, “to lose hope regarding (with مِن)”), اِسْتَيْأَسَ (istayʔasa, “to lose hope regarding (with مِن)”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَيْئِس

Form X: اِسْتَيْئَسَ (istayʔasa, “to lose hope regarding (with مِن)”), اِسْتَيْأَسَ (istayʔasa, “to lose hope regarding (with مِن)”); Active participle

سِنّ الْيَأْس

يَأْس (yaʔs)


غ ه ب

غَهَب

Form I: غَهِبَ (ḡahiba, “to be inadvertent about, to neglect”); Verbal noun

Form I: غَهِبَ (ḡahiba, “to be inadvertent about, to neglect”); Active participle

إِغْهَاب

Form IV: أَغْهَبَ (ʔaḡhaba, “to hit by negligence”); Verbal noun

مُغْهِب

Form IV: أَغْهَبَ (ʔaḡhaba, “to hit by negligence”); Active participle

اِغْتِهَاب

Form VIII: اِغْتَهَبَ (iḡtahaba, “to journey by darkness”); Verbal noun

مُغْتَهِب

Form VIII: اِغْتَهَبَ (iḡtahaba, “to journey by darkness”); Active participle

غَيْهَبَ

غَيْهَب (ḡayhab, “darkness; dark; inadvertent”)

تَغَيْهَبَ

to get the sight debilitate with darkness


ش ح م

ar-root

ش ح م • (š-ḥ-m)

شَحَامَة

Form I: شَحُمَ (šaḥuma, “to be or become fat”); Verbal noun

Form I: شَحُمَ (šaḥuma, “to be or become fat”); Active participle

شَحْم

Form I: شَحَمَ (šaḥama, “to be desirous of fat; to feed fat”); Verbal noun

شَاحِم

Form I: شَحَمَ (šaḥama, “to be desirous of fat; to feed fat”); Active participle

تَشْحِيم

Form II: شَحَّمَ (šaḥḥama, “to smear with fat”); Verbal noun

مُشَحِّم

Form II: شَحَّمَ (šaḥḥama, “to smear with fat”); Active participle

إِشْحَام

Form IV: أَشْحَمَ (ʔašḥama, “to have much fat in one’s possessions”); Verbal noun

مُشْحِم

Form IV: أَشْحَمَ (ʔašḥama, “to have much fat in one’s possessions”); Active participle

تَشَحُّم

Form V: تَشَحَّمَ (tašaḥḥama, “to get more fat onto oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَحِّم

Form V: تَشَحَّمَ (tašaḥḥama, “to get more fat onto oneself”); Active participle

شَحْمَة

piece of fat; things likened to a piece of fat

شَحِم

desirous of fat; of a texture resembling fat


م غ د

مَغْد

Form I: مَغَدَ (maḡada, “to live, luxuriant, to enjoy abundance, to luxuriate; to abound, to grow marked; to feed well, to make fat, to nourish opulent; to suck, to suck in”); Verbal noun

مَاغِد

Form I: مَغَدَ (maḡada, “to live, luxuriant, to enjoy abundance, to luxuriate; to abound, to grow marked; to feed well, to make fat, to nourish opulent; to suck, to suck in”); Active participle

إِمْغَاد

Form IV: أَمْغَدَ (ʔamḡada, “to suckle, to give suck; to drink abundant”); Verbal noun

مُمْغِد

Form IV: أَمْغَدَ (ʔamḡada, “to suckle, to give suck; to drink abundant”); Active participle


م غ ر

related to ruddy colour, ochre, white inclining to red

مَغْر

Form I: مَغَرَ (maḡara, “to travel rapid, to traverse fast”); Verbal noun

مَاغِر

Form I: مَغَرَ (maḡara, “to travel rapid, to traverse fast”); Active participle

تَمْغِير

Form II: مَغَّرَ (maḡḡara, “to dye with ruddy colour”); Verbal noun

مُمَغِّر

Form II: مَغَّرَ (maḡḡara, “to dye with ruddy colour”); Active participle

إِمْغَار

Form IV: أَمْغَرَ (ʔamḡara, “to emit milk mixed with blood; to go through, to obviate, to transfix”); Verbal noun

مُمْغِر

Form IV: أَمْغَرَ (ʔamḡara, “to emit milk mixed with blood; to go through, to obviate, to transfix”); Active participle

مِمْغَار

sheep that uses to give milk mixed with blood


ك ر ي

Compare Tigre, Amharic, Ge'ez ከ ረ የ (k-r-y), Aramaic, Hebrew כ־ר־י (k-r-y), Punic 𐤊𐤓𐤉 (kry), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎗𐎊 (kry).

كَرًى

Form I: كَرِيَ (kariya, “to sleep, to nap”); Verbal noun

Form I: كَرِيَ (kariya, “to sleep, to nap”); Active participle

كَرْي

Form I: كَرَى (karā, “to dig, to quarry”); Verbal noun

كَارٍ

Form I: كَرَى (karā, “to dig, to quarry”); Active participle

مُكَارَاة

Form III: كَارَى (kārā, “to rent to”); Verbal noun

مُكَارٍ

Form III: كَارَى (kārā, “to rent to”); Active participle

إِكْرَاء

Form IV: أَكْرَى (ʔakrā, “to rent, to give out for rent”); Verbal noun

مُكْرٍ

Form IV: أَكْرَى (ʔakrā, “to rent, to give out for rent”); Active participle

تَكَرٍّ

Form V: تَكَرَّى (takarrā, “to sleep”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَرٍّ

Form V: تَكَرَّى (takarrā, “to sleep”); Active participle

اِكْتِرَاء

Form VIII: اِكْتَرَى (iktarā, “to rent, to hire, to lease, to take by rent”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَرٍ

Form VIII: اِكْتَرَى (iktarā, “to rent, to hire, to lease, to take by rent”); Active participle

اِسْتِكْرَاء

Form X: اِسْتَكْرَى (istakrā, “to rent, to hire, to lease, to take on rent”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَكْرٍ

Form X: اِسْتَكْرَى (istakrā, “to rent, to hire, to lease, to take on rent”); Active participle


ع ل د

عَلْد

Form I: عَلِدَ (ʕalida, “to be sturdy, to be robust”); Verbal noun

Form I: عَلِدَ (ʕalida, “to be sturdy, to be robust”); Active participle

اِعْلِوَّاد

Form XIII: اِعْلَوَّدَ (iʕlawwada, “to be grave, to be calm, to be steady; to become grave, to become calm, to become steady”); Verbal noun

مُعْلَوِّد

Form XIII: اِعْلَوَّدَ (iʕlawwada, “to be grave, to be calm, to be steady; to become grave, to become calm, to become steady”); Active participle

اِعْلِنْدَاي

Form XV: اِعْلَنْدَدَ (iʕlandada, “to be sturdy, to be robust”); Verbal noun

مُعْلَنْدِد

Form XV: اِعْلَنْدَدَ (iʕlandada, “to be sturdy, to be robust”); Active participle


ب ج ل

بَجَالَة

Form I: بَجُلَ (bajula, “to become rever, to become honour, to become glorified, to become commend, to become dignified, to become venerate; to be in a state of abundance, to miss no convenience”); Verbal noun

Form I: بَجُلَ (bajula, “to become rever, to become honour, to become glorified, to become commend, to become dignified, to become venerate; to be in a state of abundance, to miss no convenience”); Active participle

بَجَل

Form I: بَجِلَ (bajila, “to become rever, to become honour, to become glorified, to become commend, to become dignified, to become venerate; to be in a state of abundance, to miss no convenience”); Verbal noun

Form I: بَجِلَ (bajila, “to become rever, to become honour, to become glorified, to become commend, to become dignified, to become venerate; to be in a state of abundance, to miss no convenience”); Active participle

تَبْجِيل

Form II: بَجَّلَ (bajjala, “to rever, to honour, to glorify, to worship, to commend, to dignify, to venerate”); Verbal noun

مُبَجِّل

Form II: بَجَّلَ (bajjala, “to rever, to honour, to glorify, to worship, to commend, to dignify, to venerate”); Active participle

إِبْجَال

Form IV: أَبْجَلَ (ʔabjala, “to suffice, to content”); Verbal noun

مُبْجِل

Form IV: أَبْجَلَ (ʔabjala, “to suffice, to content”); Active participle

بَجَال and بَجِيل

rever, honour, glorified; corpulent; missing no abundance

أَبْجَل

a certain vein in the leg of a camel or horse


م ك ر

مَكْر

Form I: مَكَرَ (makara, “to plot, to scheme”); Verbal noun

مَاكِر

Form I: مَكَرَ (makara, “to plot, to scheme”); Active participle

مُمَاكَرَة

Form III: مَاكَرَ (mākara, “to scheme against”); Verbal noun

مُمَاكِر

Form III: مَاكَرَ (mākara, “to scheme against”); Active participle

إِمْكَار

Form IV: أَمْكَرَ (ʔamkara, “to plot, to scheme”); Verbal noun

مُمْكِر

Form IV: أَمْكَرَ (ʔamkara, “to plot, to scheme”); Active participle

تَمَاكُر

Form VI: تَمَاكَرَ (tamākara, “to scheme against each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَاكِر

Form VI: تَمَاكَرَ (tamākara, “to scheme against each other”); Active participle

اِمْتِكَار

Form VIII: اِمْتَكَرَ (imtakara, “to dye oneself red”); Verbal noun

مُمْتَكِر

Form VIII: اِمْتَكَرَ (imtakara, “to dye oneself red”); Active participle


ف ق م

فَقَم

Form I: فَقِمَ (faqima, “to become overstuffed; to become grave”); Verbal noun

Form I: فَقِمَ (faqima, “to become overstuffed; to become grave”); Active participle

فَقَامَة

Form I: فَقُمَ (faquma, “synonym of فَقِمَ (faqima)”); Verbal noun

Form I: فَقُمَ (faquma, “synonym of فَقِمَ (faqima)”); Active participle

مُفَاقَمَة

Form III: فَاقَمَ (fāqama, “to compress, to have sexual contact with”); Verbal noun

مُفَاقِم

Form III: فَاقَمَ (fāqama, “to compress, to have sexual contact with”); Active participle

تَفَاقُم

Form VI: تَفَاقَمَ (tafāqama, “synonym of فَقِمَ (faqima)”); Verbal noun

مُتَفَاقِم

Form VI: تَفَاقَمَ (tafāqama, “synonym of فَقِمَ (faqima)”); Active participle

أَفْقَم

having upper teeth prominent so far that they do not fit the lower teeth


و ه م

وَهْم

Form I: وَهَمَ (wahama, “to conjecture, to guess, to presume, to ween, to surmise, to fancy, to assume on ill ground”); Verbal noun

وَاهِم

Form I: وَهَمَ (wahama, “to conjecture, to guess, to presume, to ween, to surmise, to fancy, to assume on ill ground”); Active participle

وَهَم

Form I: وَهِمَ (wahima, “to be in a state of fancy, to have illusion”); Verbal noun

Form I: وَهِمَ (wahima, “to be in a state of fancy, to have illusion”); Active participle

تَوْهِيم

Form II: وَهَّمَ (wahhama, “to illude, to delude, to make believe, to cully”); Verbal noun

مُوَهِّم

Form II: وَهَّمَ (wahhama, “to illude, to delude, to make believe, to cully”); Active participle

إِيهَام

Form IV: أَوْهَمَ (ʔawhama, “to illude, to delude, to make believe, to cully”); Verbal noun

مُوهِم

Form IV: أَوْهَمَ (ʔawhama, “to illude, to delude, to make believe, to cully”); Active participle

تَوَهُّم

Form V: تَوَهَّمَ (tawahhama, “to fancy, to envisage”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَهِّم

Form V: تَوَهَّمَ (tawahhama, “to fancy, to envisage”); Active participle

اِتِّهَام

Form VIII: اِتَّهَمَ (ittahama, “to raise suspicion against, to charge”); Verbal noun

مُتَّهِم

Form VIII: اِتَّهَمَ (ittahama, “to raise suspicion against, to charge”); Active participle


خ م ع

خ م ع • (ḵ-m-ʕ)

خُمُوع

Form I: خَمَعَ (ḵamaʕa, “to limp; to be lame”); Verbal noun

خَامِع

Form I: خَمَعَ (ḵamaʕa, “to limp; to be lame”); Active participle


خ م ص

خ م ص • (ḵ-m-ṣ)

related to a state of being shrunken, sunken, hollow

خَمْص

Form I: خَمَصَ (ḵamaṣa, “to be hollow; to be shrunken; to be empty, to be depleted; to be hungry”); Verbal noun

خَامِص

Form I: خَمَصَ (ḵamaṣa, “to be hollow; to be shrunken; to be empty, to be depleted; to be hungry”); Active participle

خَمَص

Form I: خَمِصَ (ḵamiṣa, “to be shrunken; to be empty, to be depleted; to be hungry”); Verbal noun

Form I: خَمِصَ (ḵamiṣa, “to be shrunken; to be empty, to be depleted; to be hungry”); Active participle

إِخْمَاص

Form IV: أَخْمَصَ (ʔaḵmaṣa, “to thin down; to evacuate”); Verbal noun

مُخْمِص

Form IV: أَخْمَصَ (ʔaḵmaṣa, “to thin down; to evacuate”); Active participle

تَخَامُص

Form VI: تَخَامَصَ (taḵāmaṣa, “to shrink, to draw away”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَامِص

Form VI: تَخَامَصَ (taḵāmaṣa, “to shrink, to draw away”); Active participle

اِنْخِمَاص

Form VII: اِنْخَمَصَ (inḵamaṣa, “to become sedate (the tumor)”); Verbal noun

مُنْخَمِص

Form VII: اِنْخَمَصَ (inḵamaṣa, “to become sedate (the tumor)”); Active participle


خ م ل

خُمُول

Form I: خَمَلَ (ḵamala, “to be efface, to be obliterate, to be obscure, to be unapparent, to be imperceptible; to become efface, to become obliterate, to become obscure, to become unapparent, to become imperceptible”); Verbal noun

خَامِل

Form I: خَمَلَ (ḵamala, “to be efface, to be obliterate, to be obscure, to be unapparent, to be imperceptible; to become efface, to become obliterate, to become obscure, to become unapparent, to become imperceptible”); Active participle

خُمُون

Form I: خَمَنَ (ḵamana, “to be obscure, to be unapparent, to be hidden, to be conceal; to become obscure, to become unapparent, to become hidden, to become conceal”); Verbal noun

خَامِن

Form I: خَمَنَ (ḵamana, “to be obscure, to be unapparent, to be hidden, to be conceal; to become obscure, to become unapparent, to become hidden, to become conceal”); Active participle

تَخْمِين

Form II: خَمَّنَ (ḵammana, “to conjecture, to guess, to presume, to ween, to surmise”); Verbal noun

مُخَمِّن

Form II: خَمَّنَ (ḵammana, “to conjecture, to guess, to presume, to ween, to surmise”); Active participle

إِخْمَال

Form IV: أَخْمَلَ (ʔaḵmala, “to render obscure, to make imperceptible, to conceal”); Verbal noun

مُخْمِل

Form IV: أَخْمَلَ (ʔaḵmala, “to render obscure, to make imperceptible, to conceal”); Active participle

تَخَمُّن

Form V: تَخَمَّنَ (taḵammana, “to think, to reflect”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَمِّن

Form V: تَخَمَّنَ (taḵammana, “to think, to reflect”); Active participle

تَخَامُل

Form VI: تَخَامَلَ (taḵāmala, “to become obscure, to become obliterated”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَامِل

Form VI: تَخَامَلَ (taḵāmala, “to become obscure, to become obliterated”); Active participle

اِخْتِمَال

Form VIII: اِخْتَمَلَ (iḵtamala, “to depasture”); Verbal noun

مُخْتَمِل

Form VIII: اِخْتَمَلَ (iḵtamala, “to depasture”); Active participle

خَمْل and خَمْلَة

redundancy of hair, plush, fluff, fuzz, nap


इष्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys-.
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *jьskati (“to seek”), Latin aestimō (“to value, estimate”) and English ask.

to desire, wish, long for, request, particularly:

to desire, wish, long for, request
to intend or be about to do

to desire, wish, long for, request
to strive to obtain

to desire, wish, long for, request
to ask for

to desire, wish, long for, request
to assent, be favourable, concede

to desire, wish, long for, request
to choose

(passive voice) to be wanted, particularly:

to be wanted
to be asked for or requested

to be wanted
to be prescribed or ordered

to be wanted
to be approved or acknowledged

to be wanted
to be accepted or regarded as

to be wanted
to be wanted as a desideratum


इष्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to power, drive”).

inh

to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing

to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge

to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim


धृ

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).


नृत्

head

नृत् • (nṛt)

sa-root

नृत् • (nṛt)

Of uncertain origin. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ner- (“to twist, turn”), and cognate with English narrow. However, Mayrhofer does not mention this derivation at all, and prefers to derive the root from a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“power, vital energy; man”).


ل ب ن

Cognate with Hebrew ל־ב־ן (l-b-n). Compare Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”).

related to whiteness such as of frankincense or milk

لَبْن

Form I: لَبَنَ (labana, “to eat much; to strike, to beat; to suck milk”); Verbal noun

لَابِن

Form I: لَبَنَ (labana, “to eat much; to strike, to beat; to suck milk”); Active participle

لَبَن

Form I: لَبِنَ (labina, “to abound in milk, to have much milk; to be affected by cervical pain”); Verbal noun

Form I: لَبِنَ (labina, “to abound in milk, to have much milk; to be affected by cervical pain”); Active participle

إِلْبَان

Form IV: أَلْبَنَ (ʔalbana, “to generate much milk”); Verbal noun

مُلْبِن

Form IV: أَلْبَنَ (ʔalbana, “to generate much milk”); Active participle

تَلَبُّن

Form V: تَلَبَّنَ (talabbana, “to tarry, to linger”); Verbal noun

مُتَلَبِّن

Form V: تَلَبَّنَ (talabbana, “to tarry, to linger”); Active participle

اِلْتِبَان

Form VIII: اِلْتَبَنَ (iltabana, “to suck milk”); Verbal noun

مُلْتَبِن

Form VIII: اِلْتَبَنَ (iltabana, “to suck milk”); Active participle

اِسْتِلْبَان

Form X: اِسْتَلْبَنَ (istalbana, “to desire milk from”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَلْبِن

Form X: اِسْتَلْبَنَ (istalbana, “to desire milk from”); Active participle


ن خ م

ar-root

ن خ ع (n-ḵ-ʕ)

نَخَم

Form I: نَخِمَ (naḵima, “to excrete pituita, to discharge mucus”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَخِمَ (naḵima, “to excrete pituita, to discharge mucus”); Active participle

تَنَخُّم

Form V: تَنَخَّمَ (tanaḵḵama, “to excrete pituita, to discharge mucus; to snort”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَخِّم

Form V: تَنَخَّمَ (tanaḵḵama, “to excrete pituita, to discharge mucus; to snort”); Active participle


ن خ ع

ن خ ع • (n-ḵ-ʕ)

نَخَع

Form I: نَخِعَ (naḵiʕa, “to excrete pituita, to discharge mucus”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَخِعَ (naḵiʕa, “to excrete pituita, to discharge mucus”); Active participle

نَخْع

Form I: نَخَعَ (naḵaʕa, “to jugulate, to mactate; to jump, to jolt”); Verbal noun

نَاخِع

Form I: نَخَعَ (naḵaʕa, “to jugulate, to mactate; to jump, to jolt”); Active participle

تَنَخُّع

Form V: تَنَخَّعَ (tanaḵḵaʕa, “to excrete pituita, to discharge mucus; to snort”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَخِّع

Form V: تَنَخَّعَ (tanaḵḵaʕa, “to excrete pituita, to discharge mucus; to snort”); Active participle

مَنْخَع

the part of the neck or head where the spinal cord sticks in


इङ्ग्

head

इङ्ग् • (iṅg)

sa-root

इङ्ग् • (iṅg)


कुट्ट्

head

कुट्ट् • (kuṭṭ)

sa-root

कुट्ट् • (kuṭṭ)

Likely from Dravidian. Compare Tamil குட்டு (kuṭṭu, “knock, pound, strike”).


त्रप्

head

त्रप् • (trap)

sa-root

त्रप् • (trap)

From Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn, bow the head (in shame)”).
Cognates include Latin turpis (“foul, base”) whence English turpitude, Latin trepidus (“nervous, agitated”) whence English intrepid.


मुच्

head

मुच् • (muc)

sa-root

मुच् • (muc)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk- (“to release, slip”).

der

मुमोचयिषु

mumocayiṣu, Desiderative Participle of Causative


मुच्

head

मुच् • (muc)

sa-root

मुच् • (muc)

Alternative form of मच् (mac, “to cheat, deceive”)


चुद्

head

चुद् • (cud)

sa-root

चुद् • (cud)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to shoot, propel, throw”). Cognate with Persian چست (čost, “quick, active”), Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Old English sċēotan (whence English shoot), Greek σπεύδω, σπουδάζω (spévdo, spoudázo), Latin cudo.

cog

σπεύδω, σπουδάζω


वल्

Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived directly from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”). However, due to the chronologically late attestation of the root, this is unlikely.
Tedesco derives the root from वृत् (vṛt, “to turn, rotate”); connections to तोरण (toraṇa, “an arch”), वलि (vali, “a wrinkle”), वलय (valaya, “a bracelet, circle”), and वेल्ल् (vell, “to shake about, sway”) have also been proposed.

inh

to be drawn or attached towards, be attached to

to return (i.e. depart or go away again)


त्रै

Monier Williams
w:Monier Monier-Williams

Clarendon Press
w:Oxford University Press

To protect, preserve, cherish, defend, rescue.


शू

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”).


इरस्

to be ill-affected towards (dative case)


गृध्

head

गृध् • (gṛdh)

sa-root

गृध् • (gṛdh)

From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- (“to be greedy, hungry”).
Cognates include Proto-Slavic *gȏldъ (“hunger”), whence Russian го́лод (gólod). English greed is a false cognate.


निज्

head

निज् • (nij)

sa-root

निज् • (nij)

From Proto-Indo-European *neygʷ- (“to cleanse, wash”).


घुण्

head

घुण् • (ghuṇ)

sa-root

घुण् • (ghuṇ)


शुम्भ्

head

शुम्भ् • (śumbh)

sa-root

शुम्भ् • (śumbh)

From a nasal infixed form of Proto-Indo-European *ḱewbʰ- (“pretty”), an extension of *ḱew- (“to shine”).


घूर्ण्

head

घूर्ण् • (ghūrṇ)

sa-root

घूर्ण् • (ghūrṇ)

Of uncertain origin.
Perhaps from an adjective घूर्ण (ghūrṇa) reanalyzed as a root, with *घूर् (ghūr) being the original form; via this derivation, forms a set of roots with घृ (ghṛ, “to sprinkle, drizzle”) and घ्रा (ghrā, “to smell, perceive”).
Older sources connected the root to Dravidian; compare Kannada ಕುಣಿ (kuṇi, “to dance”). However, this is now considered obsolete.

to waver, move to and fro, shake, be agitated, roll about


घिण्ण्

head

घिण्ण् • (ghiṇṇ)

sa-root

घिण्ण् • (ghiṇṇ)

Borrowed from Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit ग्रह् (grah).


पृ

Likely a specialized usage of पृ in the "fill up" or "further" senses described under Etymologies 2 and 3.

to be busy or active (mostly with prefix वि- (vi-) + आ- (ā-) or only with आ- (ā-)).

to cause to work, engage upon, entrust with, appoint to (usually with locative case)


पृ

पृणोति पृणोति#Sanskrit

to bring over or to (acc.), bring out of, deliver from (abl.), rescue, save, protect (with पृणोति (pṛṇoti)), escort, further, promote


स्कुन्द्

head

स्कुन्द् • (skund)

sa-root

स्कुन्द् • (skund)

स्कन्द् स्कन्द्#Sanskrit


घृ

Generally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrēy- (“to smear”), extended from *gʰer- (“to rub”); compare English grime, Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō). However, Mayrhofer is skeptical enough to promote alternative etymologies.


घृ

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”).


गाध्

head

गाध् • (gādh)

sa-root

गाध् • (gādh)


वन्द्

head

वन्द् • (vand)

sa-root

वन्द् • (vand)


स्वर्द्

head

स्वर्द् • (svard)

sa-root

स्वर्द् • (svard)


स्पर्ध्

head

स्पर्ध् • (spardh)

sa-root

स्पर्ध् • (spardh)

स्पृध् स्पृध्#Sanskrit


एध्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haydʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-.

c. 600 BCE – 400 BCE, Pāṇini, Aṣṭādhyāyī


श्विन्द्

head

श्विन्द् • (śvind)

sa-root

श्विन्द् • (śvind)


ऊर्द्

head

ऊर्द् • (ūrd)

sa-root

ऊर्द् • (ūrd)


स्पन्द्

head

स्पन्द् • (spand)

sa-root

स्पन्द् • (spand)

Uncertain. Probably Proto-Indo-European *sphend- (“to quiver”). Compare Ancient Greek σφενδόνη (sphendónē, “sling”).

cog

to vibrate, quake, palpitate, throb with life


क्लिन्द्

head

क्लिन्द् • (klind)

sa-root

क्लिन्द् • (klind)


नाध्

head

नाध् • (nādh)

sa-root

नाध् • (nādh)

From Proto-Indo-European *neh₃dʰ-, related to आध्र (ādhra, “poor, destitute”) and perhaps Ancient Greek νωθρός (nōthrós, “sluggish, slothful”). Influenced नाथ् (nāth), but not etymologically related to it, contrary to Monier-Williams and Whitney.


नाथ्

head

नाथ् • (nāth)

sa-root

नाथ् • (nāth)

Denominalized root from नाथ (nātha, “refuge; protector”); see there for more.

to seek aid, approach with prayers or requests

(ātmanepada only) to bless, wish well, give blessings to someone

(causative) to cause a person to ask for anything, i.e. to grant a request


विष्

head

विष् • (viṣ)

sa-root

विष् • (viṣ)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”). Other theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to spread, increase, produce”).

inh

to be quick, speed, run, flow (as water)

to have done with, i.e. overcome, subdue, rule


स्वद्

head

स्वद् • (svad)

sa-root

स्वद् • (svad)

From Proto-Indo-European *sweh₂d- (“sweet”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἡδῠ́ς (hēdús), ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “delight, taste”) whence English hedonism; Latin suādeō, suavis; English sweet.


غ ي ف

غَيَفَان

Form I: غَافَ (ḡāfa, “to be incline, to have the branch bent”); Verbal noun

Form I: غَافَ (ḡāfa, “to be incline, to have the branch bent”); Active participle

تَغْيِيف

Form II: غَيَّفَ (ḡayyafa, “to turn away, to draw back, to retreat”); Verbal noun

مُغَيِّف

Form II: غَيَّفَ (ḡayyafa, “to turn away, to draw back, to retreat”); Active participle

إِغَافَة

Form IV: أَغَافَ (ʔaḡāfa, “to make bent, to incline”); Verbal noun

مُغِيف

Form IV: أَغَافَ (ʔaḡāfa, “to make bent, to incline”); Active participle

تَغَيُّف

Form V: تَغَيَّفَ (taḡayyafa, “to be incline, to have the branch bent; to incline onto one side while walking”); Verbal noun

مُتَغَيِّف

Form V: تَغَيَّفَ (taḡayyafa, “to be incline, to have the branch bent; to incline onto one side while walking”); Active participle


मन्द्

head

मन्द् • (mand)

sa-root

मन्द् • (mand)

Phonetic variant of मद् (mad, “to rejoice”); see there for more.

to rejoice, be glad or delighted, be drunk or intoxicated

to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspirit


मन्द्

head

मन्द् • (mand)

sa-root

मन्द् • (mand)


क्लन्द्

head

क्लन्द् • (kland)

sa-root

क्लन्द् • (kland)


क्लन्द्

head

क्लन्द् • (kland)

sa-root

क्लन्द् • (kland)


मुद्

head

मुद् • (mud)

sa-root

मुद् • (mud)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
William Dwight Whitney

From Proto-Indo-European *mewd- (“to become happy”), whence also Lithuanian mudrùs.


ط ح ر

ar-root

ط ح ر • (ṭ-ḥ-r)

related to ejection in the shape of clouds

طَحْر

Form I: طَحَرَ (ṭaḥara, “to eject, to propel; to extirpate; to emit a great sigh”); Verbal noun

طَاحِر

Form I: طَحَرَ (ṭaḥara, “to eject, to propel; to extirpate; to emit a great sigh”); Active participle

إِطْحَار

Form IV: أَطْحَرَ (ʔaṭḥara, “to extirpate”); Verbal noun

مُطْحِر

Form IV: أَطْحَرَ (ʔaṭḥara, “to extirpate”); Active participle

طَحْرَمَ

to fill the wineskin; to put the sinew into the bow


ق ز ع

قُزُوع

Form I: قَزَعَ (qazaʕa, “to be swift, to be rapid, to be agile”); Verbal noun

قَازِع

Form I: قَزَعَ (qazaʕa, “to be swift, to be rapid, to be agile”); Active participle

تَقْزِيع

Form II: قَزَّعَ (qazzaʕa, “to impel, to drive to pursue its course, to expedite”); Verbal noun

مُقَزِّع

Form II: قَزَّعَ (qazzaʕa, “to impel, to drive to pursue its course, to expedite”); Active participle

إِقْزَاع

Form IV: أَقْزَعَ (ʔaqzaʕa, “to transgress the limits”); Verbal noun

مُقْزِع

Form IV: أَقْزَعَ (ʔaqzaʕa, “to transgress the limits”); Active participle

تَقَزُّع

Form V: تَقَزَّعَ (taqazzaʕa, “to be prepared for the course”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَزِّع

Form V: تَقَزَّعَ (taqazzaʕa, “to be prepared for the course”); Active participle


ق ز ح

قَزْح

Form I: قَزَحَ (qazaḥa, “to put scent to, to add aromate to”); Verbal noun

قَازِح

Form I: قَزَحَ (qazaḥa, “to put scent to, to add aromate to”); Active participle

قُزُوح

Form I: قَزَحَ (qazaḥa, “to splash, to emit driblet, to spatter”); Verbal noun

قَازِح

Form I: قَزَحَ (qazaḥa, “to splash, to emit driblet, to spatter”); Active participle

تَقْزِيح

Form II: قَزَّحَ (qazzaḥa, “to put scent to, to add aromate to; to embellish, to dress up, to formulate exquisite”); Verbal noun

مُقَزِّح

Form II: قَزَّحَ (qazzaḥa, “to put scent to, to add aromate to; to embellish, to dress up, to formulate exquisite”); Active participle

تَقَزُّح

Form V: تَقَزَّحَ (taqazzaḥa, “to diffuse in many branches”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَزِّح

Form V: تَقَزَّحَ (taqazzaḥa, “to diffuse in many branches”); Active participle


विज्

head

विज् • (vij)

sa-root

विज् • (vij)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *wayȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wayǰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *weyg-.


पॄ

From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πλήθω (plḗthō, “to fill”), πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness”) whence English plethora, πολῠ́ς (polús, “many”) whence English poly-; Latin pleō (“fill”), plenus (“full”) whence English replenish etc, Latin plūs, German viel (“a lot”), English fill.


पॄ

From Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to give, provide”). Cognate with Persian پاره (pâre, “torn; piece, part”), Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”), Old Irish ernaid (“to bestow, grant”).

cog

to grant abundantly, bestow on, present with


ذ ر ر

Compare ذ ر و (ḏ-r-w) and ذ ر ي (ḏ-r-y).

ذَرّ

Form I: ذَرَّ (ḏarra, “to sprinkle, to sperse”); Verbal noun

ذَارّ

Form I: ذَرَّ (ḏarra, “to sprinkle, to sperse”); Active participle

ذُرُور

Form I: ذَرَّ (ḏarra, “to rise, to sprout”); Verbal noun

ذَارّ

Form I: ذَرَّ (ḏarra, “to rise, to sprout”); Active participle

ذَرّ

Form I: ذَرَّ (ḏarra, “to wrinkle, to shrink”); Verbal noun

ذَارّ

Form I: ذَرَّ (ḏarra, “to wrinkle, to shrink”); Active participle

مُذَارَّة

Form III: ذَارَّ (ḏārra, “to become evil in disposition”); Verbal noun

مُذَارّ

Form III: ذَارَّ (ḏārra, “to become evil in disposition”); Active participle


ذ ر و

ذَرْو

Form I: ذَرَا (ḏarā, “to scatter; to winnow”); Verbal noun

ذَارٍ

Form I: ذَرَا (ḏarā, “to scatter; to winnow”); Active participle

تَذْرِيَة

Form II: ذَرَّى (ḏarrā, “to ventilate, to comb, to winnow; to atomize”); Verbal noun

مُذَرٍّ

Form II: ذَرَّى (ḏarrā, “to ventilate, to comb, to winnow; to atomize”); Active participle

إِذْرَاء

Form IV: أَذْرَى (ʔaḏrā, “to project, to detach, to throw up; to atomize”); Verbal noun

مُذْرٍ

Form IV: أَذْرَى (ʔaḏrā, “to project, to detach, to throw up; to atomize”); Active participle

تَذَرٍّ

Form V: تَذَرَّى (taḏarrā, “to be scattered; to shelter oneself; to climb”); Verbal noun

مُتَذَرٍّ

Form V: تَذَرَّى (taḏarrā, “to be scattered; to shelter oneself; to climb”); Active participle

اِذِّرَاء

Form VIII: اِذَّرَى (iḏḏarā, “to disperse”); Verbal noun

مُذَّرٍ

Form VIII: اِذَّرَى (iḏḏarā, “to disperse”); Active participle

اِسْتِذْرَاء

Form X: اِسْتَذْرَى (istaḏrā, “to enter, to refuge in”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَذْرٍ

Form X: اِسْتَذْرَى (istaḏrā, “to enter, to refuge in”); Active participle

ذَرًى

a thing the wind has raised; shelter, refuge; effuse tears

مِذْرًى

device for winnowing, winnowing shovel, ventilabrum; extremity of the buttock


रुध्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *rawdʰ- (“to obstruct”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *lewdʰ- (“idem”); compare Welsh arlludd (“obstacle”).

inh

to obstruct, stop, arrest, check, oppose, hinder; impede, prevent

to hold up, preserve, sustain (from falling)

to shut up, lock or block up, close up, shut or close

to oppress, torment, afflict excessively

(causative) to cause to stop, detain, impede, obstruct


रुध्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Old English lēodan.


د ب ق

Compare Hebrew and Aramaic ד־ב־ק (d-b-q) / ܕ-ܒ-ܩ (d-b-q) related to sticking.

دَبَق

Form I: دَبِقَ (dabiqa, “to stick, to adhere”); Verbal noun

Form I: دَبِقَ (dabiqa, “to stick, to adhere”); Active participle

تَدْبِيق

Form II: دَبَّقَ (dabbaqa, “to catch with lime”); Verbal noun

مُدَبِّق

Form II: دَبَّقَ (dabbaqa, “to catch with lime”); Active participle

إِدْبَاق

Form IV: أَدْبَقَ (ʔadbaqa, “to make stick, to make adhere”); Verbal noun

مُدْبِق

Form IV: أَدْبَقَ (ʔadbaqa, “to make stick, to make adhere”); Active participle

تَدَبُّق

Form V: تَدَبَّقَ (tadabbaqa, “to become sticky, to become glutinous”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَبِّق

Form V: تَدَبَّقَ (tadabbaqa, “to become sticky, to become glutinous”); Active participle


ك ر س

تَكْرِيس

Form II: كَرَّسَ (karrasa, “to consolidate”); Verbal noun

مُكَرِّس

Form II: كَرَّسَ (karrasa, “to consolidate”); Active participle

إِكْرَاس

Form IV: أَكْرَسَ (ʔakrasa, “to have compacted dung on or under oneself, to be or become sullied; to sully, to make dirty by dung”); Verbal noun

مُكْرِس

Form IV: أَكْرَسَ (ʔakrasa, “to have compacted dung on or under oneself, to be or become sullied; to sully, to make dirty by dung”); Active participle

تَكَرُّس

Form V: تَكَرَّسَ (takarrasa, “to become compacted and cohering”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَرِّس

Form V: تَكَرَّسَ (takarrasa, “to become compacted and cohering”); Active participle

تَكَارُس

Form VI: تَكَارَسَ (takārasa, “to heap up and compact together”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَارِس

Form VI: تَكَارَسَ (takārasa, “to heap up and compact together”); Active participle

اِنْكِرَاس

Form VII: اِنْكَرَسَ (inkarasa, “to bend over”); Verbal noun

مُنْكَرِس

Form VII: اِنْكَرَسَ (inkarasa, “to bend over”); Active participle


ح و ذ

ar-root

ح و ذ • (ḥ-w-ḏ)

حَوْذ

Form I: حَاذَ (ḥāḏa, “to propel quickly, to drive together; to gain mastery over”); Verbal noun

Form I: حَاذَ (ḥāḏa, “to propel quickly, to drive together; to gain mastery over”); Active participle

إِحْوَاذ

Form IV: أَحْوَذَ (ʔaḥwaḏa, “to propel quickly, to drive together; to gain mastery over”); Verbal noun

مُحْوِذ

Form IV: أَحْوَذَ (ʔaḥwaḏa, “to propel quickly, to drive together; to gain mastery over”); Active participle

اِسْتِحْوَاذ

Form X: اِسْتَحْوَذَ (istaḥwaḏa, “to gain mastery over”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحْوِذ

Form X: اِسْتَحْوَذَ (istaḥwaḏa, “to gain mastery over”); Active participle

حَاذ

part of a leg already belonging to the back


ذ ر ق

Because of the narrow meaning and the variation of most forms with ز ر ق (z-r-q), potentially borrowed from Aramaic זְרַק (zəraq, “to throw, to disperse, to scatter”), related to Akkadian 𒍝𒊏𒄣 (zarāqum, “to scatter specifically liquids, to sprinkle”). Jewish Literary Aramaic דרק (daraq, “to toss up, to sprinkle forth”) however, if not a hyper-correction, suggests potentially a Proto-Semitic *ḏaraq- (“to disperse or toss forth a liquid”) form.

der

ذَرْق

Form I: ذَرَقَ (ḏaraqa, “to dung, to mute, to excrete”); Verbal noun

ذَارِق

Form I: ذَرَقَ (ḏaraqa, “to dung, to mute, to excrete”); Active participle

ذُرَق

any trefoil of yellow corniculate leaves


ك س د

كَسَاد

Form I: كَسُدَ (kasuda, “to run not well, to be stagnant, to be in a depression, to be slack, to be sluggish, to be frozen”), كَسَدَ (kasada, “to run not well, to be stagnant, to be in a depression, to be slack, to be sluggish, to be frozen”); Verbal noun

كَاسِد

Form I: كَسُدَ (kasuda, “to run not well, to be stagnant, to be in a depression, to be slack, to be sluggish, to be frozen”), كَسَدَ (kasada, “to run not well, to be stagnant, to be in a depression, to be slack, to be sluggish, to be frozen”); Active participle

إِكْسَاد

Form IV: أَكْسَدَ (ʔaksada, “to run not well, to be stagnant, to be in a depression, to be slack, to be sluggish, to be frozen; to make sluggish, to make stagnant”); Verbal noun

مُكْسِد

Form IV: أَكْسَدَ (ʔaksada, “to run not well, to be stagnant, to be in a depression, to be slack, to be sluggish, to be frozen; to make sluggish, to make stagnant”); Active participle

اِنْكِسَاد

Form VII: اِنْكَسَدَ (inkasada); Verbal noun

مُنْكَسِد

Form VII: اِنْكَسَدَ (inkasada); Active participle


ك س ح

كَسْح

Form I: كَسَحَ (kasaḥa, “to sweep”); Verbal noun

كَاسِح

Form I: كَسَحَ (kasaḥa, “to sweep”); Active participle

اِنْكِسَاح

Form VII: اِنْكَسَحَ (inkasaḥa, “to be swept away, to scram”); Verbal noun

مُنْكَسِح

Form VII: اِنْكَسَحَ (inkasaḥa, “to be swept away, to scram”); Active participle

اِكْتِسَاح

Form VIII: اِكْتَسَحَ (iktasaḥa, “to inundate, to swamp, to deluge, to overflow, to incur, to overrun, to sweep up, to devastate”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَسِح

Form VIII: اِكْتَسَحَ (iktasaḥa, “to inundate, to swamp, to deluge, to overflow, to incur, to overrun, to sweep up, to devastate”); Active participle

كَسَح

Form I: كَسِحَ (kasiḥa, “to be lame”); Verbal noun

Form I: كَسِحَ (kasiḥa, “to be lame”); Active participle

تَكْسِيح

Form II: كَسَّحَ (kassaḥa, “to make lame”); Verbal noun

مُكَسِّح

Form II: كَسَّحَ (kassaḥa, “to make lame”); Active participle


ش ك م

Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou suggests a causative, which would be Proto-Semitic *ša-, attached to كَمَّ (kamma, “to muzzle”), which would probably mean this root, and perhaps the other too, is an Aramaic borrowing, since Proto-Semitic š regularly gives Arabic س (s), unless it had a variant *śa-. Compare also شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”). Perhaps extended from شَكَّ (šakka, “to stick together”) then. But both شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”) and شَكِيمَة (šakīma, “bit, snaffle”) are suspicious of Middle Iranian origin.

شَكْم

Form I: شَكَمَ (šakama, “to bit, to stop the mouth; to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”); Verbal noun

شَاكِم

Form I: شَكَمَ (šakama, “to bit, to stop the mouth; to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”); Active participle

إِشْكَام

Form IV: أَشْكَمَ (ʔaškama, “to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”); Verbal noun

مُشْكِم

Form IV: أَشْكَمَ (ʔaškama, “to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”); Active participle


ز ر ق

زَارِق

Form I: زَرَقَ (zaraqa, “to pierce, to thrust, to stab; to make the load shift backwards”); Active participle

مُزْرِق

Form IV: أَزْرَقَ (ʔazraqa, “to pierce, to thrust, to stab; to make the load shift backwards”); Active participle

اِزْدِرَاق

Form VIII: اِزْدَرَقَ (izdaraqa, “to inject”); Verbal noun

اِزْرِيقَاق

Form XI: اِزْرَاقَّ (izrāqqa); Verbal noun

زِرْقَة

small channel from which one gets water for agricultural purposes

related to shining, to being dazzling, piercingly bright, blinding, to be glistening; by extension, the color blue, sky-colored

زَرَق

Form I: زَرِقَ (zariqa, “to be blue, to become blue”); Verbal noun

Form I: زَرِقَ (zariqa, “to be blue, to become blue”); Active participle

تَزْرِيق

Form II: زَرَّقَ (zarraqa, “to excite, to instigate; to make blue”); Verbal noun

مُزَرِّق

Form II: زَرَّقَ (zarraqa, “to excite, to instigate; to make blue”); Active participle

اِنْزِرَاق

Form VII: اِنْزَرَقَ (inzaraqa, “to enter and pass through, to pervade”); Verbal noun

مُنْزَرِق

Form VII: اِنْزَرَقَ (inzaraqa, “to enter and pass through, to pervade”); Active participle

مُزْدَرِق

Form VIII: اِزْدَرَقَ (izdaraqa, “to inject”); Active participle

اِزْرِقَاق

Form IX: اِزْرَقَّ (izraqqa, “to be blue, to become blue”); Verbal noun

مُزْرَقّ

Form IX: اِزْرَقَّ (izraqqa, “to be blue, to become blue”); Active participle

مُزْرَاقّ

Form XI: اِزْرَاقَّ (izrāqqa); Active participle

related to polished spearheads, shining points of a javelin or metal-tipped projectile; hence also related to piercing, thrusting

زَرْق

Form I: زَرَقَ (zaraqa, “to pierce, to thrust, to stab; to make the load shift backwards”); Verbal noun

إِزْرَاق

Form IV: أَزْرَقَ (ʔazraqa, “to pierce, to thrust, to stab; to make the load shift backwards”); Verbal noun


ز ر ق

alternative form of ذ ر ق (ḏ r q, “related to fecal matter”)


ش ر ج

شَرْج

Form I: شَرَجَ (šaraja, “to interweave, to put together, to compact”); Verbal noun

شَارِج

Form I: شَرَجَ (šaraja, “to interweave, to put together, to compact”); Active participle

تَشْرِيج

Form II: شَرَّجَ (šarraja, “to cause to be intermix; to weave around, to circumligate”); Verbal noun

مُشَرِّج

Form II: شَرَّجَ (šarraja, “to cause to be intermix; to weave around, to circumligate”); Active participle

مُشَارَجَة

Form III: شَارَجَ (šāraja, “to be alike to”); Verbal noun

مُشَارِج

Form III: شَارَجَ (šāraja, “to be alike to”); Active participle

إِشْرَاج

Form IV: أَشْرَجَ (ʔašraja, “to close up, to fasten, to constrict”); Verbal noun

مُشْرِج

Form IV: أَشْرَجَ (ʔašraja, “to close up, to fasten, to constrict”); Active participle

تَشَرُّج

Form V: تَشَرَّجَ (tašarraja, “to become intermix; to be circumligate”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَرِّج

Form V: تَشَرَّجَ (tašarraja, “to become intermix; to be circumligate”); Active participle

اِنْشِرَاج

Form VII: اِنْشَرَجَ (inšaraja, “to split”); Verbal noun

مُنْشَرِج

Form VII: اِنْشَرَجَ (inšaraja, “to split”); Active participle

شَرْج

place where water flow from a stony tract to a plain; party of men, squad, consortium; sort, species, group; fissure; perineum

شَرْجَة

hollow dug into the ground where a skin is spread so the camels can drink from it

شَرِيجَة

rod split into halves; a tool made from such a rod


ص ق ل

Save for صُقْل m (ṣuql, “flank of a horse; district, quarter, tract”) denominal from صَيْقَل (ṣayqal, “sword-polisher”).

صَقْل

Form I: صَقَلَ (ṣaqala, “to polish, to lap, to brush up, to refine, to refurbish”); Verbal noun

صَاقِل

Form I: صَقَلَ (ṣaqala, “to polish, to lap, to brush up, to refine, to refurbish”); Active participle

تَصْقِيل

Form II: صَقَّلَ (ṣaqqala, “to polish, to lap, to brush up, to refine, to refurbish”); Verbal noun

مُصَقِّل

Form II: صَقَّلَ (ṣaqqala, “to polish, to lap, to brush up, to refine, to refurbish”); Active participle

إِصْقَال

Form IV: أَصْقَلَ (ʔaṣqala, “to polish, to lap, to brush up, to refine, to refurbish”); Verbal noun

مُصْقِل

Form IV: أَصْقَلَ (ʔaṣqala, “to polish, to lap, to brush up, to refine, to refurbish”); Active participle

تَصَقُّل

Form V: تَصَقَّلَ (taṣaqqala, “to polish, to lap, to brush up, to refine, to refurbish”); Verbal noun

مُتَصَقِّل

Form V: تَصَقَّلَ (taṣaqqala, “to polish, to lap, to brush up, to refine, to refurbish”); Active participle

اِنْصِقَال

Form VII: اِنْصَقَلَ (inṣaqala, “to be polish, to smoothen”); Verbal noun

مُنْصَقِل

Form VII: اِنْصَقَلَ (inṣaqala, “to be polish, to smoothen”); Active participle

اِصْطِقَال

Form VIII: اِصْطَقَلَ (iṣṭaqala, “to be polish”); Verbal noun

مُصْطَقِل

Form VIII: اِصْطَقَلَ (iṣṭaqala, “to be polish”); Active participle


غ ز ل

related to handling graceful things, being delicate

غَزْل

Form I: غَزَلَ (ḡazala, “to spin”); Verbal noun

غَازِل

Form I: غَزَلَ (ḡazala, “to spin”); Active participle

غَزَل

Form I: غَزِلَ (ḡazila, “to display amorous gesture”); Verbal noun

Form I: غَزِلَ (ḡazila, “to display amorous gesture”); Active participle

مُغَازَلَة

Form III: غَازَلَ (ḡāzala, “to talk in an enticing manner to”); Verbal noun

مُغَازِل

Form III: غَازَلَ (ḡāzala, “to talk in an enticing manner to”); Active participle

إِغْزَال

Form IV: أَغْزَلَ (ʔaḡzala, “to make revolve, to twirl”); Verbal noun

مُغْزِل

Form IV: أَغْزَلَ (ʔaḡzala, “to make revolve, to twirl”); Active participle

تَغَزُّل

Form V: تَغَزَّلَ (taḡazzala, “to pay court to, to mention in amatory language”); Verbal noun

مُتَغَزِّل

Form V: تَغَزَّلَ (taḡazzala, “to pay court to, to mention in amatory language”); Active participle

تَغَازُل

Form VI: تَغَازَلَ (taḡāzala, “to talk in an enticing manner to each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَغَازِل

Form VI: تَغَازَلَ (taḡāzala, “to talk in an enticing manner to each other”); Active participle

اِنْغِزَال

Form VII: اِنْغَزَلَ (inḡazala, “to be spun”); Verbal noun

مُنْغَزِل

Form VII: اِنْغَزَلَ (inḡazala, “to be spun”); Active participle

اِغْتِزَال

Form VIII: اِغْتَزَلَ (iḡtazala, “to spin”); Verbal noun

مُغْتَزِل

Form VIII: اِغْتَزَلَ (iḡtazala, “to spin”); Active participle

اِسْتِغْزَال

Form X: اِسْتَغْزَلَ (istaḡzala, “to spin”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَغْزِل

Form X: اِسْتَغْزَلَ (istaḡzala, “to spin”); Active participle

مَغْزَل

spinning plant; spindle; spool; axle; erotic poetry

غَزَازِل

small thing on the spindle for twirling, vertex


ن س ج

نَسْج

Form I: نَسَجَ (nasaja, “to draw together”); Verbal noun

نَاسِج

Form I: نَسَجَ (nasaja, “to draw together”); Active participle

اِنْتِسَاج

Form VIII: اِنْتَسَجَ (intasaja, “to be drawn together, to be gathered”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَسِج

Form VIII: اِنْتَسَجَ (intasaja, “to be drawn together, to be gathered”); Active participle


ك ه ن

كَهَانَة

Form I: كَهَنَ (kahana, “to divine, to foretell, to predicate, to speculate”); Verbal noun

كَاهِن

Form I: كَهَنَ (kahana, “to divine, to foretell, to predicate, to speculate”); Active participle

إِكْهَان

Form IV: أَكْهَنَ (ʔakhana, “to conjecture”); Verbal noun

مُكْهِن

Form IV: أَكْهَنَ (ʔakhana, “to conjecture”); Active participle

تَكَهُّن

Form V: تَكَهَّنَ (takahhana, “to divine, to foretell, to predicate, to speculate”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَهِّن

Form V: تَكَهَّنَ (takahhana, “to divine, to foretell, to predicate, to speculate”); Active participle


ح ظ ي

ar-root

ح ظ ي • (ḥ-ẓ-y)


ط ه و

طَهْو

Form I: طَهَا (ṭahā, “to cook, to broil, to stew”); Verbal noun

طَاهٍ

Form I: طَهَا (ṭahā, “to cook, to broil, to stew”); Active participle

طَهْي

Form I: طَهَى (ṭahā, “to cook, to broil, to stew”); Verbal noun

طَاهٍ

Form I: طَهَى (ṭahā, “to cook, to broil, to stew”); Active participle

إِطْهَاء

Form IV: أَطْهَى (ʔaṭhā, “to become skilled in one’s art”); Verbal noun

مُطْهٍ

Form IV: أَطْهَى (ʔaṭhā, “to become skilled in one’s art”); Active participle


ح ظ و

ح ظ و • (ḥ-ẓ-w)

Denominal from حِظْوَة (ḥiẓwa, “arrow; lot”).

حُظْوَة

Form I: حَظِيَ (ḥaẓiya, “to enjoy”); Verbal noun

Form I: حَظِيَ (ḥaẓiya, “to enjoy”); Active participle

إِحْظَاء

Form IV: أَحْظَى (ʔaḥẓā, “to cause to be fortunate; to favour”); Verbal noun

مُحْظٍ

Form IV: أَحْظَى (ʔaḥẓā, “to cause to be fortunate; to favour”); Active participle

اِحْتِظَاء

Form VIII: اِحْتَظَى (iḥtaẓā, “to obtain the favour of”); Verbal noun

مُحْتَظٍ

Form VIII: اِحْتَظَى (iḥtaẓā, “to obtain the favour of”); Active participle


bʰelǵ-

*bʰélǵ-mn̥ ~ *bʰl̥ǵ-mén-s

Proto-Italic: *flagmen

Latin: *flāmen ⇒ *sub-flāmen (“brake”)

*bʰélǵ-ō, *bʰólǵ-ō

desc

>? Proto-Germanic: *belkô, *balkô, *balkuz (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Albanian: *bliga

Albanian: bligë

>? Ancient Greek: φᾰ́λᾰγξ (phálanx) (see there for further descendants)

variant *bʰelḱ-?

*bʰl̥ḱ-yé-ti

Proto-Italic: *folkjō

Latin: fulciō (“to prop up, support”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰə́lkās

>? Ancient Greek: φάλκης (phálkēs, “rib of a ship? (= beam, crossbar?); *gunwale”) (see there for further descendants)

Helmut Rix
Kluge's law
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


م ر خ

مَرْخ

Form I: مَرَخَ (maraḵa, “to rub; to anoint”); Verbal noun

مَارِخ

Form I: مَرَخَ (maraḵa, “to rub; to anoint”); Active participle

تَمْرِيخ

Form II: مَرَّخَ (marraḵa, “synonym of مَرَخَ (maraḵa)”); Verbal noun

مُمَرِّخ

Form II: مَرَّخَ (marraḵa, “synonym of مَرَخَ (maraḵa)”); Active participle

إِمْرَاخ

Form IV: أَمْرَخَ (ʔamraḵa, “to extenuate”); Verbal noun

مُمْرِخ

Form IV: أَمْرَخَ (ʔamraḵa, “to extenuate”); Active participle

تَمَرُّخ

Form V: تَمَرَّخَ (tamarraḵa, “to be rubbed; to be anointed”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَرِّخ

Form V: تَمَرَّخَ (tamarraḵa, “to be rubbed; to be anointed”); Active participle


ن ق ش

related to leaving marked by carving, embossing

نَقْش

Form I: نَقَشَ (naqaša, “to emboss; to sort out”); Verbal noun

نَاقِش

Form I: نَقَشَ (naqaša, “to emboss; to sort out”); Active participle

تَنْقِيش

Form II: نَقَّشَ (naqqaša, “synonym of نَقَشَ (naqaša)”); Verbal noun

مُنَقِّش

Form II: نَقَّشَ (naqqaša, “synonym of نَقَشَ (naqaša)”); Active participle

مُنَاقَشَة

Form III: نَاقَشَ (nāqaša, “to discuss”); Verbal noun

مُنَاقِش

Form III: نَاقَشَ (nāqaša, “to discuss”); Active participle

إِنْقَاش

Form IV: أَنْقَشَ (ʔanqaša, “to go into utmost length against”); Verbal noun

مُنْقِش

Form IV: أَنْقَشَ (ʔanqaša, “to go into utmost length against”); Active participle

تَنَاقُش

Form VI: تَنَاقَشَ (tanāqaša, “to discuss”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَاقِش

Form VI: تَنَاقَشَ (tanāqaša, “to discuss”); Active participle

اِنِّقَاش

Form VII: اِنَّقَشَ (innaqaša); Verbal noun

مُنَّقِش

Form VII: اِنَّقَشَ (innaqaša); Active participle

اِنْتِقَاش

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَشَ (intaqaša, “to sort out”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَقِش

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَشَ (intaqaša, “to sort out”); Active participle


م ر ح

Maybe extended from م ر ر (m-r-r) in the meaning “to elapse”. Compare ف ر ح (f-r-ḥ) for the derivation type.

مَرَح

Form I: مَرِحَ (mariḥa, “to leak, to become weak; to be joyful, to be gleeful, to be merry, to rejoice”); Verbal noun

Form I: مَرِحَ (mariḥa, “to leak, to become weak; to be joyful, to be gleeful, to be merry, to rejoice”); Active participle

مُمَرِّح

Form II: مَرَّحَ (marraḥa, “to fill with water in order that the puncture of the stitch close up”); Active participle

تَمْرِيح

Form II: مَرَّحَ (marraḥa, “to fill with water in order that the puncture of the stitch close up”); Verbal noun

مُمَرَّح

related to joy, glee (i.e. gay emotion leaking)

إِمْرَاح

Form IV: أَمْرَحَ (ʔamraḥa, “to make exult, to make rejoice”); Verbal noun

مُمْرِح

Form IV: أَمْرَحَ (ʔamraḥa, “to make exult, to make rejoice”); Active participle


ع ف ر

Variant of غ ب ر (ḡ-b-r), while ع ف ر • (ʕ-f-r) is less common but common in Hebrew and Aramaic ע־פ־ר. Ge'ez has only አፈር (ʾäfär, “dust”) which is considered a loanword from either Amharic or Hebrew – it is present in Amharic, Harari, Sebat Bet Gurage, Argobba. Sabaean 𐩲𐩰𐩧 (ʿfr) means “to perform, to do consideration”. From Proto-Semitic *ʿapar- (“soil, dust”).

عَفْر

Form I: عَفَرَ (ʕafara, “to cover with dust, to soot, to wallow in dust”); Verbal noun

عَافِر

Form I: عَفَرَ (ʕafara, “to cover with dust, to soot, to wallow in dust”); Active participle

تَعْفِير

Form II: عَفَّرَ (ʕaffara, “synonym of عَفَرَ (ʕafara); to make ash-gray; to pick together, to glean”); Verbal noun

مُعَفِّر

Form II: عَفَّرَ (ʕaffara, “synonym of عَفَرَ (ʕafara); to make ash-gray; to pick together, to glean”); Active participle

مُعَافَرَة

Form III: عَافَرَ (ʕāfara, “to fight, to make cleave the dust”); Verbal noun

مُعَافِر

Form III: عَافَرَ (ʕāfara, “to fight, to make cleave the dust”); Active participle

تَعَفُّر

Form V: تَعَفَّرَ (taʕaffara, “to become inquinated with dust”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَفِّر

Form V: تَعَفَّرَ (taʕaffara, “to become inquinated with dust”); Active participle

تَعَافُر

Form VI: تَعَافَرَ (taʕāfara, “to be made ash-gray”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَافِر

Form VI: تَعَافَرَ (taʕāfara, “to be made ash-gray”); Active participle

اِنْعِفَار

Form VII: اِنْعَفَرَ (inʕafara, “to become rubbed or rolled in dust”); Verbal noun

مُنْعَفِر

Form VII: اِنْعَفَرَ (inʕafara, “to become rubbed or rolled in dust”); Active participle

اِعْتِفَار

Form VIII: اِعْتَفَرَ (iʕtafara, “to become inquinated with dust”); Verbal noun

مُعْتَفِر

Form VIII: اِعْتَفَرَ (iʕtafara, “to become inquinated with dust”); Active participle

عِفْرِيَة

long hair or feathers dangling behind a beast, mane