ص و غ

ص و غ • (ṣ-w-ḡ)

صَوْغ

Form I: صَاغَ (ṣāḡa, “melt, pour into a mould, cast; make, form, fashion, or moulded by the goldsmith's art”); Verbal noun

صَائِغ

Form I: صَاغَ (ṣāḡa, “melt, pour into a mould, cast; make, form, fashion, or moulded by the goldsmith's art”); Active participle

تَصَوُّغ

Form V: تَصَوَّغَ (taṣawwaḡa, “be melted and poured into a mound”); Verbal noun

مُتَصَوِّغ

Form V: تَصَوَّغَ (taṣawwaḡa, “be melted and poured into a mound”); Active participle

اِنْصِيَاغ

Form VII: اِنْصَاغَ (inṣāḡa, “be melted and poured into a mould”); Verbal noun

مُنْصَاغ

Form VII: اِنْصَاغَ (inṣāḡa, “be melted and poured into a mould”); Active participle

صَوْغ

forming, shaping moulding, fashioning, creating

صاغة

composing, drafting, wording, forming, formulation, fashioning, moulding, shaping; goldsmithery, goldsmithing

مَصاغ

jewelry, jewels, gold and silver objects

مَصُوغَات

gold and silver jewellery, goldsmithery, jewelry


ب د و

بُدُوّ

Form I: بَدَا (badā, “to appear, show; become evident, clear, plain, manifest; come to light; be obvious; seem good, acceptable, proper”); Verbal noun

مُبَادَاة

Form III: بَادَى (bādā, “to show, evince, display, manifest, reveal, declare openly; demonstrate bring out, bring to light, make visible; express, utter, voice”); Verbal noun

تَبَدٍّ

Form V: تَبَدَّى (tabaddā, “to appear, show; become evident, clear, plain, manifest; come to light; be obvious; seem good, acceptable, proper”); Verbal noun

بَدَوِي

Bedouin, nomadic; rural (as opposed to urban); a Bedouin

بَدَاوة

desert life, Bedouin life; Bedouinism, nomadism

ابَادٍ

apparent, evident, obvious, plain, visible; inhabiting the desert

بَادٍ

Form I: بَدَا (badā, “to appear, show; become evident, clear, plain, manifest; come to light; be obvious; seem good, acceptable, proper”); Active participle

مُبَادٍ

Form III: بَادَى (bādā, “to show, evince, display, manifest, reveal, declare openly; demonstrate bring out, bring to light, make visible; express, utter, voice”); Active participle

مُتَبَدٍّ

Form V: تَبَدَّى (tabaddā, “to appear, show; become evident, clear, plain, manifest; come to light; be obvious; seem good, acceptable, proper”); Active participle

تَبَادٍ

Form VI: تَبَادَى (tabādā, “to pose as a Bedouin”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَادٍ

Form VI: تَبَادَى (tabādā, “to pose as a Bedouin”); Active participle


sulu'

precategorial root expressing outside movement


pasuk

From Malay pasuk, from Classical Malay pasuk.


लिङ्ग्

head

लिङ्ग् • (liṅg)

sa-root

लिङ्ग् • (liṅg)

to change or inflect a noun according to its gender


karru'

precatgorial root expressing the act of crying


ج ل و

Related to unveiling, clarification and removal

جَلَاء

Form I: جَلَا (jalā, “to polish, to clear, to remove, to depart”); Verbal noun

جَالٍ

Form I: جَلَا (jalā, “to polish, to clear, to remove, to depart”); Active participle

تَجْلِيَة

Form II: جَلَّى (jallā, “to reveal”); Verbal noun

مُجَلٍّ

Form II: جَلَّى (jallā, “to reveal”); Active participle

إِجْلَاء

Form IV: أَجْلَى (ʔajlā, “to evacuate”); Verbal noun

مُجْلٍ

Form IV: أَجْلَى (ʔajlā, “to evacuate”); Active participle

تَجَلٍّ

Form V: تَجَلَّى (tajallā, “to manifest”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَلٍّ

Form V: تَجَلَّى (tajallā, “to manifest”); Active participle

اِنْجِلَاء

Form VII: اِنْجَلَى (injalā, “to vanish”); Verbal noun

مُنْجَلٍ

Form VII: اِنْجَلَى (injalā, “to vanish”); Active participle

اِجْتِلَاء

Form VIII: اِجْتَلَى (ijtalā, “to disclose”); Verbal noun

مُجْتَلٍ

Form VIII: اِجْتَلَى (ijtalā, “to disclose”); Active participle

اِسْتِجْلَاء

Form X: اِسْتَجْلَى (istajlā, “to find out”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَجْلٍ

Form X: اِسْتَجْلَى (istajlā, “to find out”); Active participle


ز ل ف

A variant of س ل ف (s-l-f). Compare also the meanings of the present root to those ascribed to ز ر ف (z-r-f) and س ر ف (s-r-f).

زَلْف

Form I: زَلَفَ (zalafa, “to get close, to near, to advance”); Verbal noun

زَالِف

Form I: زَلَفَ (zalafa, “to get close, to near, to advance”); Active participle

تَزْلِيف

Form II: زَلَّفَ (zallafa, “to do it before, to execute earlier; to exaggerate, to fudge”); Verbal noun

مُزَلِّف

Form II: زَلَّفَ (zallafa, “to do it before, to execute earlier; to exaggerate, to fudge”); Active participle

إِزْلَاف

Form IV: أَزْلَفَ (ʔazlafa, “to draw near, to bring near”); Verbal noun

مُزْلِف

Form IV: أَزْلَفَ (ʔazlafa, “to draw near, to bring near”); Active participle

تَزَلُّف

Form V: تَزَلَّفَ (tazallafa, “to precede; to come near; to behave flattering”); Verbal noun

مُتَزَلِّف

Form V: تَزَلَّفَ (tazallafa, “to precede; to come near; to behave flattering”); Active participle

اِزْدِلَاف

Form VIII: اِزْدَلَفَ (izdalafa, “to precede; to be near to; to behave flattering”); Verbal noun

مُزْدَلِف

Form VIII: اِزْدَلَفَ (izdalafa, “to precede; to be near to; to behave flattering”); Active participle


ب ز م

Suspect to be completely an Iranism, see إِبْزِيم (ʔibzīm).

بَزْم

Form I: بَزَمَ (bazama, “to bite with the front teeth; to milk with two fingers; to take the bow with two fingers; to draw off the dress of someone; to resolve to, to decide to; to give a quantity of to”); Verbal noun

بَازِم

Form I: بَزَمَ (bazama, “to bite with the front teeth; to milk with two fingers; to take the bow with two fingers; to draw off the dress of someone; to resolve to, to decide to; to give a quantity of to”); Active participle

إِبْزَام

Form IV: أَبْزَمَ (ʔabzama, “to gift”); Verbal noun

مُبْزِم

Form IV: أَبْزَمَ (ʔabzama, “to gift”); Active participle

اِبْتِزَام

Form VIII: اِبْتَزَمَ (ibtazama, “to commence”); Verbal noun

مُبْتَزِم

Form VIII: اِبْتَزَمَ (ibtazama, “to commence”); Active participle

بَزْم

firm resolution; harsh address; an action of pinching

بَزِيم

a shoot of a plant or frond used to bind vegetable bundle and the bundle itself

مِبْزَم

formerly in Yemeni dialects in place of سِنّ (sinn)


미미

미미하다 미미하다#Korean

Root of 미미하다 (mimihada). Rarely used alone.


ב־ו־ך

Forming words pertaining to embarrassment.


परिणी

head

परिणी • (pariṇī)

sa-root

परिणी • (pariṇī)

to lead a bride and bridegroom round the sacrificial fire


𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑁆

head

*𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑁆 (*kaḍḍh)

inc-ash-root

*𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑁆 (*kaḍḍh)

*𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀢𑀺 (*kaḍḍhati)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀇 (kaḍḍhaï)

Central:

desctree

Old Hindi: काढना (kāḍhanā)
Hindustani:
Hindi: काढ़ना (kāṛhnā)
Urdu: کَاڑْھنَا (kāṛhnā)

Eastern:

Assamese: কঢ়া (korha)

Bengali: কাড়া (kaṛa)

Maithili: kāṛhab

Devanagari script: काढ़ब

Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒜𑓃𑒥

Northern:

Nepali: काढ्नु (kāḍhnu)

Northwestern:

Old Punjabi: ਕਢਿ (kaḍhi /kaḍḍhi/)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਕੱਢਣਾ (kaḍḍhaṇā)
Shahmukhi script: کَڈّھݨا (kaḍḍhṇā)

Sindhi: kaḍhaṇu

Arabic script: ڪَڍَڻُ

Devanagari script: कढणु

Khudawadi script: 𑊺𑋋𑋌𑋣

Southern:

Old Marathi: kāḍhaṇe, kāhāḍaṇe

Devanagari script: काढणे, काहाडणे

Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘛𑘜𑘹, 𑘎𑘰𑘮𑘰𑘚𑘜𑘹

Western:

desc

Old Gujarati: काढी (kāḍhī, “taken out”, past participle, nominative singular feminine)

Gujarati: કાઢવું (kāḍhvũ)

*𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀢𑀺 (*utkaḍḍhati)

Prakrit: *𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀇 (*ukkaḍḍhaï)

Bengali: উখড়ানো (ukhṛanō)

*𑀅𑀯-𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀢𑀺 (*ava-kaḍḍhati)

Prakrit: 𑀑𑀓𑀟𑁆𑀠 (okaḍḍha, “pulled”, past participle)

Marathi: ओढणे (oḍhṇe)

Gujarati: ઓડવું (oḍavũ)


(s)kewH-

⇒? *(s)kewdʰ- (with laryngeal deletion?)

Proto-Celtic: *koudeti

Proto-Brythonic: *kʉðɨd (“to hide”)

Middle Breton: cuzaff

Breton: kuzhat

Cornish: cuthe

Welsh: cuddio

Proto-Hellenic: *kéutʰō

Ancient Greek: κεύθω (keúthō, “to cover, hide, conceal”)

⇒ *(s)kéwdʰ-tis

Proto-Hellenic:

q

>? Ancient Greek: κύστις (kústis, “bladder”) (cf. *(s)kewH-tis; alternatively from *ḱewh₁-)

⇒ *(s)kéwdʰ-ye-ti

Proto-Germanic: *hūdijaną (see there for further descendants)

Proto-West Germanic: *hūdijan

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *hudijā, *hudjā (“hut, shelter”)

desc

>? Old High German: hutta (“hut, cottage”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)ku-né-H-ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *skunáHti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *skunáHti

Sanskrit: स्कुनाति (skunā́ti, “to cover”)

*(s)kewH-lo-

>? Proto-Celtic: *kūlos

Proto-Brythonic: *kil

Breton: kil (“nape, back”)

Welsh: cil (“corner, nook; nape, back”)

Cornish: kil (“recess, nook; nape, back”)

desctree

Old Irish: cúl (“posterior”)
Irish: cúl
Manx: cooyl
Scottish Gaelic: cùl

desc

Proto-Germanic: *skeulą (“shelter, hiding place”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skiulijaną (“to shelter, hide”) (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Italic: *kūlos

Latin: cūlus (“posterior”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: σκύλος (skúlos, “skin, hide”)

*(s)kewH-ṓ

Proto-Germanic: *skiwô (“cloud cover, haze, sky”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skiwją (“cloud, sky”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)kéwH-tis ~ *(s)kuH-téys (“skin, hide; sac”)

Proto-Celtic: *kutis

Proto-Brythonic: *kud

Welsh: cwd (“pouch, bag, sac, purse; scrotum”)

Proto-Germanic: *hūdiz (“hide, skin”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *kutis

Latin: cutis (“skin, hide, leather”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *kwāc

Tocharian A: kāc (“skin”)

⇒ *(s)kuH-ty-eh₂ or *(s)kuH-ty-ō

>? Proto-Tocharian: *kātsān (“belly, stomach, abdomen; womb”)

Tocharian A: kāts

Tocharian B: kātso

Proto-Germanic: *hawō

Old Norse: há f (“hide”)

*(s)kówH-l̥ ~ *(s)kówH-ōl

⇒ *(s)kowH-ol-ō

Proto-Germanic: *skawalô

>? Old Norse: skáli (“small building, shed, barn; room; drinking hall”)

→ Middle English: scale

English: scale (dialectal)

Faroese: skáli

Icelandic: skáli (“hut, shed; barn, lodge; hall, dining hall”)

Norwegian Bokmål: skåle (“hut”)

Swedish: skål, skåla (“hut”) (dialectal)

Proto-Germanic: *skūrō (“shelter”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)kuH-s-ó-m

>? Proto-Germanic: *hūsą (“house”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)kúH-t-ō

>? Proto-Germanic: *huþô (“testicle”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)kuH-tó-m

Latin: scūtum (“shield, defense”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)ku(H)-tó-s

Ancient Greek: σκῦτος (skûtos, “skin, hide”)

q

Ancient Greek: κύτος (kútos, “hollow vessel”) (possibly, alternatively from *(s)kew- (“to pluck”))

Unsorted formations:

desctree

>? Old Armenian: սուզանեմ (suzanem)
Armenian: սուզել (suzel)

desc

>? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kjáuˀtas (“shell, skin”)

Lithuanian: kiáutas

Old Prussian: keuta

Lithuanian: kutỹs (“purse”)

Lithuanian: kẽvalas (“skin, cover”)

desctree

>? Old English: sċunian (“to shun, avoid; to detest”), sċeonian, sċynian, sċyniġan
Middle English: shonen
English: shun
Scots: shun

desc

Proto-Germanic: *husǭ (“outer covering, shell, husk; leggings”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒? Sanskrit: कुहू (kuhū, “new moon”)

⇒? Sanskrit: कुहरम् (kuharam, “cave, cavity, hole”)

>? Proto-Italic: *kustots

Latin: custōs (“guard, keeper, jailer”) (see there for further descendants)


ص ء ص ء

ar-root

ص ء ص ء • (ṣ-ʔ-ṣ-ʔ)

صَأْصَأَة

Form Iq: صَأْصَأَ (ṣaʔṣaʔa, “to squeak”); Verbal noun

مُصَأْصِئ

Form Iq: صَأْصَأَ (ṣaʔṣaʔa, “to squeak”); Active participle


ص ب ص ب

ص ب ص ب • (ṣ-b-ṣ-b)

صَبْصَبَة

Form Iq: صَبْصَبَ (ṣabṣaba); Verbal noun

مُصَبْصِب

Form Iq: صَبْصَبَ (ṣabṣaba); Active participle

تَصَبْصُب

Form IIq: تَصَبْصَبَ (taṣabṣaba); Verbal noun

مُتَصَبْصِب

Form IIq: تَصَبْصَبَ (taṣabṣaba); Active participle


ص ء ك

ص ء ك • (ṣ-ʔ-k)

related to sticking, overwhelming, "suffocating"

صَأَك

Form I: صَئِكَ (ṣaʔika, “to be stuck; to smell like sweat”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَئِكَ (ṣaʔika, “to be stuck; to smell like sweat”); Active participle

مُصَاءَكَة

Form III: صَاءَكَ (ṣāʔaka, “to vie with”); Verbal noun

مُصَائِك

Form III: صَاءَكَ (ṣāʔaka, “to vie with”); Active participle


ص ء ل

ص ء ل • (ṣ-ʔ-l)

صَآلَة

Form I: صَؤُلَ (ṣaʔula, “to be furious (of a camel)”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَؤُلَ (ṣaʔula, “to be furious (of a camel)”); Active participle

صَائِل

Form I: صَأَلَ (ṣaʔala, “to neigh”); Active participle


ص ء م

ص ء م • (ṣ-ʔ-m)

صَأَم

Form I: صَئِمَ (ṣaʔima, “to drink too much water”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَئِمَ (ṣaʔima, “to drink too much water”); Active participle

صَأْم

Form I: صَأَمَ (ṣaʔama, “to lead troops against”); Verbal noun

صَائِم

Form I: صَأَمَ (ṣaʔama, “to lead troops against”); Active participle


आविश्

head

आविश् • (āviś)

sa-root

आविश् • (āviś)

From आ- (ā-) + विश् (viś, “to enter, to be absorbed”, root).


ز ء م

زَائِم

Form I: زَأَمَ (zaʔama); Active participle

Form I: زَئِمَ (zaʔima); Active participle

إِزْآم

Form IV: أَزْأَمَ (ʔazʔama); Verbal noun

مُزْئِم

Form IV: أَزْأَمَ (ʔazʔama); Active participle


ص ح م

ar-root

ص ح م • (ṣ-ḥ-m)

اِصْحِيمَام

Form XI: اِصْحَامَّ (iṣḥāmma); Verbal noun

مُصْحَامّ

Form XI: اِصْحَامَّ (iṣḥāmma); Active participle


ص ح ن

ص ح ن • (ṣ-ḥ-n)

صَحْن

Form I: صَحَنَ (ṣaḥana, “to beat; to give in a bowl”); Verbal noun

صَاحِن

Form I: صَحَنَ (ṣaḥana, “to beat; to give in a bowl”); Active participle


wont-

*wont-l

Northern Yukaghir: вадул (wadul)

Southern Yukaghir: одул (odul)

*wont-n-köntə

Chuvan: ондынконда (ondynkonda)


समाविश्

head

समाविश् • (samāviś)

sa-root

समाविश् • (samāviś)

/s̪ɐˈmɑː.ʋiɕ/

to enter into thoroughly, take possession of, occupy, penetrate, fill

to sit or settle down in or on (with accusative or locative case)

to go or fall into any state or condition

to apply one's self to, begin, undertake


ص خ ب

ar-root

ص خ ب • (ṣ-ḵ-b)

Form I: صَخِبَ (ṣaḵiba); Active participle

اِصْطِخَاب

Form VIII: اِصْطَخَبَ (iṣṭaḵaba); Verbal noun

مُصْطَخِب

Form VIII: اِصْطَخَبَ (iṣṭaḵaba); Active participle


ص ء ي

ص ء ي • (ṣ-ʔ-y)

صَئِيّ

Form I: صَأَى (ṣaʔā, “to squeak”); Verbal noun

صَاءٍ

Form I: صَأَى (ṣaʔā, “to squeak”); Active participle

تَصَاءٍ

Form VI: تَصَاءَى (taṣāʔā, “to squeak”); Verbal noun

مُتَصَاءٍ

Form VI: تَصَاءَى (taṣāʔā, “to squeak”); Active participle


ص ح ر

ص ح ر • (ṣ-ḥ-r)

صَحْر

Form I: صَحَرَ (ṣaḥara, “(milk) to boil”); Verbal noun

إِصْحَار

Form IV: أَصْحَرَ (ʔaṣḥara); Verbal noun

تَصَحُّر

Form V: تَصَحَّرَ (taṣaḥḥara); Verbal noun

صَحَر

Form I: صَحِرَ (ṣaḥira, “to be tawny”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَحِرَ (ṣaḥira, “to be tawny”); Active participle

صَاحِر

Form I: صَحَرَ (ṣaḥara, “(milk) to boil”); Active participle

مُصْحِر

Form IV: أَصْحَرَ (ʔaṣḥara); Active participle

مُتَصَحِّر

Form V: تَصَحَّرَ (taṣaḥḥara); Active participle


ص خ ر

ص خ ر • (ṣ-ḵ-r)

إِصْخَار

Form IV: أَصْخَرَ (ʔaṣḵara); Verbal noun

مُصْخِر

Form IV: أَصْخَرَ (ʔaṣḵara); Active participle

صَخْرَة

صَخْر m (ṣaḵr)


س ط م

Compare س د د (s d d), د س م (d s m), د س ر (d s r).

سَاطِم

Form I: سَطَمَ (saṭama); Active participle


ص ء ب

ص ء ب • (ṣ-ʔ-b)

صَأَب

Form I: صَئِبَ (ṣaʔiba, “to be fill, satisfied”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَئِبَ (ṣaʔiba, “to be fill, satisfied”); Active participle


ص ء ب

ص ء ب • (ṣ-ʔ-b)

صَأَب

Form I: صَئِبَ (ṣaʔiba, “to be swarmed with nits”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَئِبَ (ṣaʔiba, “to be swarmed with nits”); Active participle

إِصْآب

Form IV: أَصْأَبَ (ʔaṣʔaba, “(same)”); Verbal noun

مُصْئِب

Form IV: أَصْأَبَ (ʔaṣʔaba, “(same)”); Active participle


ص خ د

ص خ د • (ṣ-ḵ-d)

صَخْد

Form I: صَخَدَ (ṣaḵada, “to scorch”); Verbal noun

صَاخِد

Form I: صَخَدَ (ṣaḵada, “to scorch”); Active participle

صَخْد

Form I: صَخَدَ (ṣaḵada, “to howl”); Verbal noun

صَاخِد

Form I: صَخَدَ (ṣaḵada, “to howl”); Active participle

صُخُود

Form I: صَخَدَ (ṣaḵada, “to listen”); Verbal noun

صَاخِد

Form I: صَخَدَ (ṣaḵada, “to listen”); Active participle

صَخَد

Form I: صَخِدَ (ṣaḵida, “to be scorching, hot”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَخِدَ (ṣaḵida, “to be scorching, hot”); Active participle

إِصْخَاد

Form IV: أَصْخَدَ (ʔaṣḵada, “to be scorch by the sun”); Verbal noun

مُصْخِد

Form IV: أَصْخَدَ (ʔaṣḵada, “to be scorch by the sun”); Active participle

اِصْطِخَاد

Form VIII: اِصْطَخَدَ (iṣṭaḵada, “to bask in the sun”); Verbal noun

مُصْطَخِد

Form VIII: اِصْطَخَدَ (iṣṭaḵada, “to bask in the sun”); Active participle


दु

From Proto-Indo-European *deh₂w- (“to burn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δαίω (daíō, “kindle”), and perhaps related to Latin duellum, bellum (“war”).

to be burnt, consumed with internal heat or sorrow


س ع ف

مُسَاعَفَة

Form III: سَاعَفَ (sāʕafa, “to aid”); Verbal noun

مُسْعِف

Form IV: أَسْعَفَ (ʔasʕafa, “to aid, to provide first aid”); Active participle

سَعْف

Form I: سَعَفَ (saʕafa, “to aid”); Verbal noun

إِسْعَاف

Form IV: أَسْعَفَ (ʔasʕafa, “to aid, to provide first aid”); Verbal noun

سَاعِف

Form I: سَعَفَ (saʕafa, “to aid”); Active participle

سَعَف

Form I: سَعِفَ (saʕifa, “to be cracked, to scale off”); Verbal noun

Form I: سَعِفَ (saʕifa, “to be cracked, to scale off”); Active participle

تَسْعِيف

Form II: سَعَّفَ (saʕʕafa, “mix incenses with aromatic oils”); Verbal noun

مُسَعِّف

Form II: سَعَّفَ (saʕʕafa, “mix incenses with aromatic oils”); Active participle

مُسَاعِف

Form III: سَاعَفَ (sāʕafa, “to aid”); Active participle


م ر ج ح

From مَرْجُوحَة (marjūḥa, “swing”) or مُرْجِيحَة (murjīḥa, “swing”) of the root ر ج ح (r-j-ḥ).

مَرْجَحَة

Form Iq: مَرْجَحَ (marjaḥa); Verbal noun

مُمَرْجِح

Form Iq: مَرْجَحَ (marjaḥa); Active participle

تَمَرْجُح

Form IIq: تَمَرْجَحَ (tamarjaḥa); Verbal noun

مُتَمَرْجِح

Form IIq: تَمَرْجَحَ (tamarjaḥa); Active participle


م ر ق ع

مَرْقَعَة

Form Iq: مَرْقَعَ (marqaʕa); Verbal noun

مُمَرْقِع

Form Iq: مَرْقَعَ (marqaʕa); Active participle

تَمَرْقُع

Form IIq: تَمَرْقَعَ (tamarqaʕa); Verbal noun

مُتَمَرْقِع

Form IIq: تَمَرْقَعَ (tamarqaʕa); Active participle


ش د ق

Form I: شَدِقَ (šadiqa); Active participle

تَشَدُّق

Form V: تَشَدَّقَ (tašaddaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَشَدِّق

Form V: تَشَدَّقَ (tašaddaqa); Active participle


ج س ء

related to stiffness, hardening, rigidity

جَاسِئ

Form I: جَسَأَ (jasaʔa); Active participle


ع ك ر

In the first sense the root has congnates in Hebrew and Aramaic, compare Hebrew עָכַר (“to make muddy; to distress”).

cog

عَكَر

Form I: عَكِرَ (ʕakira, “to be muddy”); Verbal noun

Form I: عَكِرَ (ʕakira, “to be muddy”); Active participle

تَعْكِير

Form II: عَكَّرَ (ʕakkara, “to put into disorder”); Verbal noun

مُعَكِّر

Form II: عَكَّرَ (ʕakkara, “to put into disorder”); Active participle

إِعْكَار

Form IV: أَعْكَرَ (ʔaʕkara, “to irritate; to be dark, murky”); Verbal noun

مُعْكِر

Form IV: أَعْكَرَ (ʔaʕkara, “to irritate; to be dark, murky”); Active participle

تَعَكُّر

Form V: تَعَكَّرَ (taʕakkara, “to be muddy”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَكِّر

Form V: تَعَكَّرَ (taʕakkara, “to be muddy”); Active participle

تَعَاكُر

Form VI: تَعَاكَرَ (taʕākara, “be mixed together”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَاكِر

Form VI: تَعَاكَرَ (taʕākara, “be mixed together”); Active participle

اِعْتِكَار

Form VIII: اِعْتَكَرَ (iʕtakara, “to be dark, to be muddy”); Verbal noun

مُعْتَكِر

Form VIII: اِعْتَكَرَ (iʕtakara, “to be dark, to be muddy”); Active participle


ع ك ر

(obsolete) related to turning back, backlash

عَكْر

Form I: عَكَرَ (ʕakara, “to turn back at, to whirl around”); Verbal noun

عَاكِر

Form I: عَكَرَ (ʕakara, “to turn back at, to whirl around”); Active participle

اِنْعِكَار

Form VII: اِنْعَكَرَ (inʕakara, “return, turn back”); Verbal noun

مُنْعَكِر

Form VII: اِنْعَكَرَ (inʕakara, “return, turn back”); Active participle


ɨɨi

Cognates include Minica Huitoto ɨi and Nüpode Huitoto ɨi.


jiibi

Cognates include Minica Huitoto jiibi.
Possibly borrowed from a Boran language. Compare Muinane jiibi and Bora iibii.


ح د ج

Recalls ه د ج (h-d-j) where هَدَجَ (hadaja, “to walk in a trembling fashion”) (considering that one does that when carrying heavy loads, as well as when one has eaten colocynths: حَظِلَ (ḥaẓila) related to حَنْظَل (ḥanẓal, “colocynth”) means exactly walking lamely especially after having eaten colocynths) and هَوْدَج (hawdaj, “litter for carrying”). Seemingly just extended from د ج ج (d-j-j) where دَجَّ (dajja, “to walk along gently”), though parallelled by Ugaritic 𐎈𐎄𐎂 (ḥdg, “litter or chair for a woman”). According to Dillmann Ge'ez አድግ (ʾädg, “ass, donkey”) also belongs here.

related to burdening (also figuratively)

حَدْج

Form I: حَدَجَ (ḥadaja, “to load; to cast (a look)”); Verbal noun

حَادِج

Form I: حَدَجَ (ḥadaja, “to load; to cast (a look)”); Active participle

تَحْدِيج

Form II: حَدَّجَ (ḥaddaja, “to look”); Verbal noun

مُحَدِّج

Form II: حَدَّجَ (ḥaddaja, “to look”); Active participle

إِحْدَاج

Form IV: أَحْدَجَ (ʔaḥdaja, “to load, to saddle; to bring colocynth”); Verbal noun

مُحْدِج

Form IV: أَحْدَجَ (ʔaḥdaja, “to load, to saddle; to bring colocynth”); Active participle


*h₃ewes- (“covering, clothing”)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian B: ewe (“skin, hide”)

*h₃u-néu-ti ~ *h₃u-nu-énti (*néw-present)

Proto-Anatolian:

Hittite: 𒌑𒉡𒊻𒍣 (ú-nu-uz-zi, “to adorn”)

Unsorted formations

Old Armenian: ագանիմ (aganim)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *áutei

Proto-Italic:

Latin: *uo


ذ و د

ذَوْد

Form I: ذَادَ (ḏāda, “to drive away, to protect”); Verbal noun

ذَائِد

Form I: ذَادَ (ḏāda, “to drive away, to protect”); Active participle

تَذْوِيد

Form II: ذَوَّدَ (ḏawwada, “to drive away, to protect”); Verbal noun

مُذَوِّد

Form II: ذَوَّدَ (ḏawwada, “to drive away, to protect”); Active participle

إِذَادَة

Form IV: أَذَادَ (ʔaḏāda, “assist in driving away”); Verbal noun

مُذِيد

Form IV: أَذَادَ (ʔaḏāda, “assist in driving away”); Active participle

مِذْوَد

manger, crib, trough; oxgoad, spear, tongue


ص د د

related to obstruction, hindering, repelling

صَدّ

Form I: صَدَّ (ṣadda, “to hinder, to repel”); Verbal noun

صَادّ

Form I: صَدَّ (ṣadda, “to hinder, to repel”); Active participle

صَدّ

Form I: صَدَّ (ṣadda, “to turn away”); Verbal noun

صَادّ

Form I: صَدَّ (ṣadda, “to turn away”); Active participle

صَدّ

Form I: صَدَّ (ṣadda, “to shout joyfully, to laugh”); Verbal noun

صَادّ

Form I: صَدَّ (ṣadda, “to shout joyfully, to laugh”); Active participle

تَصَدُّد

Form V: تَصَدَّدَ (taṣaddada, “to encounter, to run into”); Verbal noun

مُتَصَدِّد

Form V: تَصَدَّدَ (taṣaddada, “to encounter, to run into”); Active participle

اِنْصِدَاد

Form VII: اِنْصَدَّ (inṣadda, “to be repelled”); Verbal noun

مُنْصَدّ

Form VII: اِنْصَدَّ (inṣadda, “to be repelled”); Active participle


ص د د

تَصْدِيد

Form II: صَدَّدَ (ṣaddada, “to discharge pus, to suppurate”); Verbal noun

مُصَدِّد

Form II: صَدَّدَ (ṣaddada, “to discharge pus, to suppurate”); Active participle

إِصْدَاد

Form IV: أَصَدَّ (ʔaṣadda, “to discharge pus, to suppurate”); Verbal noun

مُصِدّ

Form IV: أَصَدَّ (ʔaṣadda, “to discharge pus, to suppurate”); Active participle


ح ب ر

The ink sense is from Classical Syriac ܚܒܪܐ (ḥeḇrā, “ink”), and the scholar sense is from Hebrew חָבֵר (ḥaḇér, “comrade”)

حَبْر

Form I: حَبَرَ (ḥabara, “to fill, to improve”); Verbal noun

حَابِر

Form I: حَبَرَ (ḥabara, “to fill, to improve”); Active participle

مَحْبُور

Form I: حَبِرَ (ḥabira, “to be glad”); Active participle

مُحَبِّر

Form II: حَبَّرَ (ḥabbara, “to ink, to fill, to beautify”); Active participle

مُحْبِر

Form IV: أَحْبَرَ (ʔaḥbara, “to make glad, to cheer up”); Active participle

تَحَبُّر

Form V: تَحَبَّرَ (taḥabbara, “to adorn oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَحَبِّر

Form V: تَحَبَّرَ (taḥabbara, “to adorn oneself”); Active participle

حِبْرِيّ

حِبْر m (ḥibr, “ink, mark, ornament, beauty”)

حَبْرَوِىّ

حَبْر m (ḥabr, “learned man, scholar, pontiff”) (borrowed from Hebrew, but influenced by the native root)

حُبُور

Form I: حَبِرَ (ḥabira, “to be glad”); Verbal noun

إِحْبَار

Form IV: أَحْبَرَ (ʔaḥbara, “to make glad, to cheer up”); Verbal noun

تَحْبِير

Form II: حَبَّرَ (ḥabbara, “to ink, to fill, to beautify”); Verbal noun


dɨo

Cognates include Minica Huitoto dɨo and Nüpode Huitoto dɨo.


ن ذ ل

forms words related to lowliness and despicableness


भिद्

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).

बिभेदयिषु

bibhedayiṣu, Desiderative Participle of Causative

to split, cleave, break, cut or rend asunder, pierce, destroy

to transgress, violate (a compact or alliance)


nofɨ

Cognates include Minica Huitoto nofɨ and Nüpode Huitoto nopɨ.


व्यध्

Related to Proto-Iranian *vaiδa-, and traditionally considered to be inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwyadʰH- (“to cut, pierce”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wyedʰh₁- (“to separate, divide”). However, considered by Cheung and, with reservation, Mayrhofer, to be from Proto-Indo-European *wyedʰ- (“to shoot, take aim, hit, wound”). Compare Old Armenian վէրք (vērkʻ, “wound”), an Iranian borrowing, as well as certain Germanic forms like Old English wītan (“to blame, reproach”) and German entwischen (“to escape, flee”), which Cheung derives from *wyedʰ- rather than *h₁wyedʰh₁-.

cog

(astronomy) to fix the position of a heavenly body


화려

화려하다 화려하다#Korean

Root of 화려하다 (hwaryeohada). Rarely used alone.


eme-

*eme-j

Southern Yukaghir: эмэй (emej)

*eme-eme

Chuvan: еме (jeme)

Omok: емомъ (jemom)

Northern Yukaghir: эммуо (emmuo)

Southern Yukaghir: эммээ (emmē)


خ و ي

Unparallelled by other Semitic languages. Probably a phonetic variant of غ و ي (ḡ-w-y), especially as in غ و ر (ḡ-w-r) or غ و ص (ḡ-w-ṣ), or of ه و ي (h-w-y).

ar-root

غ و ص (ḡ-w-ṣ)

related to not being saturated, an empty stomach

خَوَاء

Form I: خَوَى (ḵawā, “to be empty, to be devoid, to be desolate, to be not saturated with anything”); Verbal noun

خَاوٍ

Form I: خَوَى (ḵawā, “to be empty, to be devoid, to be desolate, to be not saturated with anything”); Active participle

خَوَاء

Form I: خَوِيَ (ḵawiya, “to be empty, to be devoid, to be desolate, to be not saturated with anything”); Verbal noun

Form I: خَوِيَ (ḵawiya, “to be empty, to be devoid, to be desolate, to be not saturated with anything”); Active participle

إِخْوَاء

Form IV: أَخْوَى (ʔaḵwā, “to be empty, to be devoid, to be desolate, to be not saturated with anything; to rape, to snatch away”); Verbal noun

مُخْوٍ

Form IV: أَخْوَى (ʔaḵwā, “to be empty, to be devoid, to be desolate, to be not saturated with anything; to rape, to snatch away”); Active participle

اِخْتِوَاء

Form VIII: اِخْتَوَى (iḵtawā, “to be empty, to be devoid, to be desolate, to be not saturated with anything; to peragrate; to rape or keep for oneself all”); Verbal noun

مُخْتَوٍ

Form VIII: اِخْتَوَى (iḵtawā, “to be empty, to be devoid, to be desolate, to be not saturated with anything; to peragrate; to rape or keep for oneself all”); Active participle

خَوَايَة

concave spot of a cusp where a spear is connected; any ample spot within a man

خَوَاة

insterstice between mammae and vulva of a beast


울창

울창하다 울창하다#Korean

Root of 울창하다 (ulchanghada). Rarely used alone.


ع ي ي

عِيّ

incapability of expressing, stammer; fatigue, weariness, exhaustion

عَيّ

incapability, inability; weakness, feebleness, faintness, fatigue

عَيَّان

incapable, unable; tired, weary, fatigued; ill, sick

إِعْيَاء

weariness, fatigue; exhaustion, weakness, lack of strength; impotence, helplessness, powerlessness

مُعيٍ

tired, weary, fatigued, exhausted, debilitated, feeble, faint

عِيّ

Form I: عَيَّ (ʕayya, “to not find the right way or method; be incapable; lack the strength or power; be unable to express; stammer, falter; be ill, fall ill”); Verbal noun

عِيّ

Form I: عَيِيَ (ʕayiya, “to not find the right way or method; be incapable; lack the strength or power; be unable to express; stammer, falter; be ill, fall ill”); Verbal noun

مُعَيٍّ

Form II: عَيَّا (ʕayyā); Active participle

إِعْيَاء

Form IV: أَعْيَا (ʔaʕyā, “become or be tired, fatigued, weak, feeble, weary; render incapable, incapacitate, disable; thwart; defy; fail, break down, malfunction”); Verbal noun

مُعْيٍ

Form IV: أَعْيَا (ʔaʕyā, “become or be tired, fatigued, weak, feeble, weary; render incapable, incapacitate, disable; thwart; defy; fail, break down, malfunction”); Active participle

مُتَعَيٍّ

Form V: تَعَيَّا (taʕayyā); Active participle

مُتَعَايٍ

Form VI: تَعَايَا (taʕāyā); Active participle

اِسْتِعْيَاء

Form X: اِسْتَعْيَا (istaʕyā); Verbal noun

مُسْتَعْيٍ

Form X: اِسْتَعْيَا (istaʕyā); Active participle

مُسْتَعْيًا

Form X: اِسْتَعْيَا (istaʕyā)


ぐる

This term is the root of a cluster of terms deriving from a basic meaning of turning, spinning, going around in a circle.
* ぐるり (gururi, adverb), attested from 1603
* ぐるぐる (guruguru, adverb), attested from 1625
* ぐる (guru, noun), attested from 1692
* ぐるっと (gurutto, adverb), attested from 1907
Almost certainly derived from verb 繰る (kuru, “to wind, to spin, to turn pages”), with similar derivatives:
* くるり (kururi, adverb), attested from the 1150s
* くるくる (kurukuru, adverb), attested from the late 900s
* くるっと (kurutto, adverb), attested from 1907
Compare also likely-related noun 枢 (kuru, kururu, kururi, “door hinge”).


د و س

Likely related to د ع س (d-ʕ-s) and د ه س (d-h-s), either derived from them with compensatory lengthening, or they are formed from this root by inserting radicals. On the other hand, there's also دَهَكَ (dahaka, “to crush, to trample”), but it's likely derived from supposedly unrelated دَكَّ (dakka) or دَقَّ (daqqa) with the same h-insertion.
The root د ر س (d-r-s) of دَرَسَ (darasa, “to thresh, to flail”) is also related, compare سَابَ (sāba, “to flow”) and سَرَبَ (saraba, “to leak”) for derivation pattern. The verbal nouns of دَرَسَ (darasa) even share the same models with those of دَاسَ (dāsa), and there are doublets like مِدرَس (“flail”) and مِدْوَس (midwas).
Compare Hebrew דָּשׁ (dash, “to thresh”), Hebrew דִּשְׁדֵּשׁ (dishdesh, “to tread, to trample”), Hebrew דַּיְסָה (daysah, “porridge”), Hebrew דָּרַס (daras, “to step on, to trample”).

cog

دَوْس

Form I: دَاسَ (dāsa, “to trample; to polish”); Verbal noun

دَائِس

Form I: دَاسَ (dāsa, “to trample; to polish”); Active participle

مُدِيس

Form IV: أَدَاسَ (ʔadāsa); Active participle

اِنْدِيَاس

Form VII: اِنْدَاسَ (indāsa); Verbal noun

مُنْدَاس

Form VII: اِنْدَاسَ (indāsa); Active participle


शुभ्

head

शुभ् • (śubh)

sa-root

शुभ् • (śubh)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćubʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewbʰ- (“pretty”), an extension of *ḱew- (“to shine”). See शुभ्र (śubhra, “bright, beautiful”) for more.


역력

역력하다 역력하다#Korean

Root of 역력하다 (yeongnyeokhada, “(of a clue or sign) to be clear; to be obvious”). Rarely used alone.


ل م م

لَمّ

Form I: لَمَّ (lamma, “gather, collect, assemble; reunite; arrange, settle, set in order; repair”); Verbal noun

لَامّ

Form I: لَمَّ (lamma, “gather, collect, assemble; reunite; arrange, settle, set in order; repair”); Active participle

إِلْمَام

Form IV: أَلَمَّ (ʔalamma, “befall, overcome (fear, fatigue, weariness, foes, etc.); pay a short visit, stop, stay; have sexual intercourse; speak, discuss, raise a topic of conversation; survey, outline, state; mention; be acquainted or familiar; get to know; familiarise oneself; commit, perpetrate; take, consume (food, drink)”); Verbal noun

مُلِمّ

Form IV: أَلَمَّ (ʔalamma, “befall, overcome (fear, fatigue, weariness, foes, etc.); pay a short visit, stop, stay; have sexual intercourse; speak, discuss, raise a topic of conversation; survey, outline, state; mention; be acquainted or familiar; get to know; familiarise oneself; commit, perpetrate; take, consume (food, drink)”); Active participle

اِلْتِمَام

Form VIII: اِلْتَمَّ (iltamma, “gather, assemble, rally; unite; visit, call on”); Verbal noun

مُلْتَمّ

Form VIII: اِلْتَمَّ (iltamma, “gather, assemble, rally; unite; visit, call on”); Active participle


묘연

묘연하다 묘연하다#Korean

Root of 묘연하다 (myoyeonhada). Rarely used alone.


소슬

소슬하다 소슬하다#Korean

Root of 소슬하다 (soseulhada). Rarely used alone.


지완

지완하다 지완하다#Korean

Root of 지완하다 (jiwanhada). Rarely used alone.


상쾌

상쾌하다 상쾌하다#Korean

Root of 상쾌하다 (sangkwaehada). Rarely used alone.


रु

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewH- (“to shout, roar”). Cognate with Latin rūmor (“noise”), raucus.


순조

순조롭다 순조롭다#Korean

Root of 순조롭다 (sunjoropda, “to go swimmingly, to go smoothly”) / 순조로 (sunjoro, “swimmingly, smoothly”). Rarely used alone.


𑀘𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁆

head

*𑀘𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁆 (*caṭṭ)

inc-ash-root

*𑀘𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁆 (*caṭṭ)

*𑀘𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*caṭṭati)

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁂𑀇 (caṭṭei) (see there for further descendants)


교묘

교묘하다 교묘하다#Korean

Root of 교묘하다 (gyomyohada, “to be skillful and clever”). Rarely used alone.


침울

침울하다 침울하다#Korean

Root of 침울하다 (chimulhada). Rarely used alone.


창백

[t͡ɕʰa̠ŋbɛk̚]

[t͡ɕʰa̠ŋbe̞k̚]

창백하다 창백하다#Korean

Root of 창백하다 (changbaekhada). Rarely used alone.


뻘쭘

[p͈ʌ̹ʎt͡ɕ͈um]

뻘쭘하다 뻘쭘하다#Korean

Root of 뻘쭘하다 (ppeoljjumhada). Rarely used alone.


ب س م

بَسْمْ

Form I: بَسَمَ (basama, “to smile”); Verbal noun

بَاسِم

Form I: بَسَمَ (basama, “to smile”); Active participle

تَبَسُّم

Form V: تَبَسَّمَ (tabassama, “to smile”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَسِّم

Form V: تَبَسَّمَ (tabassama, “to smile”); Active participle

اِبْتِسَام

Form VIII: اِبْتَسَمَ (ibtasama, “to smile, smile at”); Verbal noun

مُبْتَسِم

Form VIII: اِبْتَسَمَ (ibtasama, “to smile, smile at”); Active participle


𑀮𑀝𑁆

*𑀮𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*laṭati), *𑀮𑀸𑀝𑀬𑀢𑀺 (*lāṭayati)

Prakrit:

Magadhi Prakrit:

*𑀉𑀮𑁆-𑀮𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*ul-laṭati), *𑀉𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*ullaṭṭati)

Prakrit:

Magadhi Prakrit:

q

possibly influenced by Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">पर्यटति</i> (paryaṭati, “to roam”)

*𑀧-𑀮𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*pa-laṭati), *𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀢𑀺 (*pallaṭṭati) (possibly influenced by Sanskrit पर्यटति (paryaṭati, “to roam”))

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (pallaṭṭaï) (see there for further descendants)

*𑀮𑀝𑁆-𑀉 (*laṭ-u), *𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀝𑁆-𑀉 (*laṭṭ-u)

Prakrit: *𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀼 (*laṭṭu)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Probably from or connected to Sanskrit लट् (laṭ, “to act like a child”) and लड् (laḍ, “to dally, fondle”). Alternated as *𑀦𑀝𑁆 (*naṭ, “to shake, tremble”) also.


황당

황당하다 황당하다#Korean

Root of 황당하다 (hwangdanghada, “to be absurd”). Rarely used alone.


부적절

[pud͡ʑʌ̹k̚t͡ɕ͈ʌ̹ɭ]

부적절하다 부적절하다#Korean

Root of 부적절하다 (bujeokjeolhada). Rarely used alone.


श्नथ्

head

श्नथ् • (śnath)

sa-root

श्नथ् • (śnath)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćnatʰ- (“to strike, pierce”).


ك ه ل

A more general meaning is found in Sabaean 𐩫𐩠𐩡 (khl, “to be successful”), 𐩫𐩠𐩡𐩩 (khlt, “success”), whereas perhaps generalized from this meaning the (widely developed, also in other Ethiopian Semitic languages) root of Ge'ez ክህለ (kəhlä, “to be able”) and Hebrew כְּהַל (kəḥal, “to able”) and Aramaic. The similarity to Persian کهنه (kohna, “old”) is thus a coincidence.

related to attaining (in particular age or height)

كُهُول

Form I: كَهَلَ (kahala, “to become adult or elderly”); Verbal noun

كَاهِل

Form I: كَهَلَ (kahala, “to become adult or elderly”); Active participle

اِكْتِهَال

Form VIII: اِكْتَهَلَ (iktahala, “to become adult or elderly”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَهِل

Form VIII: اِكْتَهَلَ (iktahala, “to become adult or elderly”); Active participle


성급

[ˈsʰɘ(ː)ŋɡɯp̚]

성급하다 성급하다#Korean

Root of 성급하다 (seonggeuphada). Rarely used alone.


은밀

은밀하다 은밀하다#Korean

Root of 은밀하다 (eunmilhada). Rarely used alone.


열렬

열렬하다 열렬하다#Korean

Root of 열렬하다 (yeollyeolhada). Rarely used alone.


ف و ف

فَوف

Form I: فَافَ (fāfa, “to indicate that you will give someone nothing by putting your thumbnail on your index fingernail as if to say "you won't even get that much".”); Verbal noun

فَائِف

Form I: فَافَ (fāfa, “to indicate that you will give someone nothing by putting your thumbnail on your index fingernail as if to say "you won't even get that much".”); Active participle

فُوف

pellicle, membrane; a type of fine, white-striped cloth from Yemen


ש־ו־ט

head

ש־ו־ט • (š-w-t)

Forming words pertaining to motion back and forth


غ د و

غَدَا

go away, leave, come, do something, or exist early in the morning; become, turn into, come to be (something)

مُتَغَدٍّ

Form V: تَغَدَّى (taḡaddā); Active participle

اِغْتِدَاء

Form VIII: اِغْتَدَى (iḡtadā); Verbal noun

مُغْتَدٍ

Form VIII: اِغْتَدَى (iḡtadā); Active participle


ب س ط

Form I: بَسُطَ (basuṭa); Active participle

مُبَسِّط

Form II: بَسَّطَ (bassaṭa); Active participle

مُبَاسِط

Form III: بَاسَطَ (bāsaṭa); Active participle

تَبَسُّط

Form V: تَبَسَّطَ (tabassaṭa); Verbal noun

مُتَبَسِّط

Form V: تَبَسَّطَ (tabassaṭa); Active participle

اِنْبِسَاط

Form VII: اِنْبَسَطَ (inbasaṭa); Verbal noun

مُنْبَسِط

Form VII: اِنْبَسَطَ (inbasaṭa); Active participle

بَسْط

extension, spreading, unrolling, unfolding; presentation, statement, exposition, explanation; cheering, delighting, delectation; amusement

بَسْطة

extension, extent, expanse; size, magnitude; skill, capability, abilities; (pl.) statement, exposition, presentation

بَسيط

simple; plain, uncomplicated; slight, little, inconsiderable, modest, trivial, trifling

بَسائِط

elements; simple remedies, medicinal plants; basic facts

اَبْسَط

(comparative) simpler; wider, more extensive

اِنْبِساط

extensiveness, extension; expansion, expanse; joy, delight, happiness, cheerfulness

مَبْسوط

extended, outstretched; spread out; extensive, large, sizeable; detailed, elaborate (book); cheerful, happy; hale

مُنْبَسِط

extending, spreading; gay, happy, cheerful; level surface


ب س ط

مبسّط

Form II: بسّط (bassaṭ, “to simplify”); Passive Participle


ش ق ق

Form I: شَقَّ (šaqqa); Active participle

مُشَقِّق

Form II: شَقَّقَ (šaqqaqa); Active participle

مُشَاقّ

Form III: شَاقَّ (šāqqa); Active participle

تَشَقُّق

Form V: تَشَقَّقَ (tašaqqaqa), اِشَّقَّقَ (iššaqqaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَشَقِّق

Form V: تَشَقَّقَ (tašaqqaqa), اِشَّقَّقَ (iššaqqaqa); Active participle

تَشَاقّ

Form VI: تَشَاقَّ (tašāqqa); Verbal noun

مُتَشَاقّ

Form VI: تَشَاقَّ (tašāqqa); Active participle

اِنْشِقَاق

Form VII: اِنْشَقَّ (inšaqqa); Verbal noun

مُنْشَقّ

Form VII: اِنْشَقَّ (inšaqqa); Active participle

اِشْتِقَاق

Form VIII: اِشْتَقَّ (ištaqqa, “to derive”); Verbal noun

مُشْتَقّ

Form VIII: اِشْتَقَّ (ištaqqa, “to derive”); Active participle

اِسْتِشْقَاق

Form X: اِسْتَشَقَّ (istašaqqa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَشِقّ

Form X: اِسْتَشَقَّ (istašaqqa); Active participle


ج ح م

جُحُوم

Form I: جَحُمَ (jaḥuma, “to burn, to blaze, to fire, to have many flame, to become vehement and fiery”); Verbal noun

Form I: جَحُمَ (jaḥuma, “to burn, to blaze, to fire, to have many flame, to become vehement and fiery”); Active participle

جَحَم

Form I: جَحِمَ (jaḥima, “to burn, to blaze, to fire, to have many flame, to become vehement and fiery”); Verbal noun

Form I: جَحِمَ (jaḥima, “to burn, to blaze, to fire, to have many flame, to become vehement and fiery”); Active participle

جَحْم

Form I: جَحَمَ (jaḥama, “to kindle, to make burn fiercely”); Verbal noun

جَاحِم

Form I: جَحَمَ (jaḥama, “to kindle, to make burn fiercely”); Active participle

تَجْحِيم

Form II: جَحَّمَ (jaḥḥama, “to regard with fixed eyes”); Verbal noun

مُجَحِّم

Form II: جَحَّمَ (jaḥḥama, “to regard with fixed eyes”); Active participle

إِجْحَام

Form IV: أَجْحَمَ (ʔajḥama, “to become vehement and fiery; to advance or come forward; to recede, to go back; to refrain, to abstain”); Verbal noun

مُجْحِم

Form IV: أَجْحَمَ (ʔajḥama, “to become vehement and fiery; to advance or come forward; to recede, to go back; to refrain, to abstain”); Active participle

تَجَحُّم

Form V: تَجَحَّمَ (tajaḥḥama, “to blaze; to burn with desire; to burn with stinginess”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَحِّم

Form V: تَجَحَّمَ (tajaḥḥama, “to blaze; to burn with desire; to burn with stinginess”); Active participle

تَجَاحُم

Form VI: تَجَاحَمَ (tajāḥama, “to become straitened in disposition”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَاحِم

Form VI: تَجَاحَمَ (tajāḥama, “to become straitened in disposition”); Active participle

جُحَام

a disease of the eyes where they are swollen


ن ش ق

Probably back-formed from نَشُوق (našūq, “snuff”) and relating to some traded item borrowing its name from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šnwšk' /šnōšag/) attested later only as “sneeze”, Persian شنوشه (šenuše).

der

related to sniffing, apprehension by the nose

نُشَاقَة

what is taken, while hot, from a cooking-pot

Form I: نَشِقَ (našiqa); Active participle

مُنَشِّق

Form II: نَشَّقَ (naššaqa); Active participle

إِنْشَاق

Form IV: أَنْشَقَ (ʔanšaqa); Verbal noun

مُنْشِق

Form IV: أَنْشَقَ (ʔanšaqa); Active participle

تَنَشُّق

Form V: تَنَشَّقَ (tanaššaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَنَشِّق

Form V: تَنَشَّقَ (tanaššaqa); Active participle

اِنْتِشَاق

Form VIII: اِنْتَشَقَ (intašaqa); Verbal noun

مُنْتَشِق

Form VIII: اِنْتَشَقَ (intašaqa); Active participle

اِسْتِنْشَاق

Form X: اِسْتَنْشَقَ (istanšaqa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْشِق

Form X: اِسْتَنْشَقَ (istanšaqa); Active participle


ء ل ق

أَلّاق

bright, shining, brilliant, radiant; glittering, flashing, sparkling

آلِق

Form I: أَلَقَ (ʔalaqa); Active participle

تَأَلُّق

Form V: تَأَلَّقَ (taʔallaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَأَلِّق

Form V: تَأَلَّقَ (taʔallaqa); Active participle

اِئْتِلَاق

Form VIII: اِئْتَلَقَ (iʔtalaqa); Verbal noun

مُؤْتَلِق

Form VIII: اِئْتَلَقَ (iʔtalaqa); Active participle


خ و ض

ar-root

خ و ض • (ḵ-w-ḍ)

خَوْض

plunge, rush; entering, entry (e.g. into negotiations, war); penetration; search, discussion, examination

مِخْوَض

implement with which beverages such as wine are mixed and stirred

مُخَوِّض

Form II: خَوَّضَ (ḵawwaḍa); Active participle

مُخَاوِض

Form III: خَاوَضَ (ḵāwaḍa); Active participle

مُخِيض

Form IV: أَخَاضَ (ʔaḵāḍa); Active participle

مُخَاض

Form IV: أَخَاضَ (ʔaḵāḍa)

تَخَوُّض

Form V: تَخَوَّضَ (taḵawwaḍa); Verbal noun

مُتَخَوِّض

Form V: تَخَوَّضَ (taḵawwaḍa); Active participle

تَخَاوُض

Form VI: تَخَاوَضَ (taḵāwaḍa); Verbal noun

مُتَخَاوِض

Form VI: تَخَاوَضَ (taḵāwaḍa); Active participle

اِخْتِيَاض

Form VIII: اِخْتَاضَ (iḵtāḍa); Verbal noun

مُخْتَاض

Form VIII: اِخْتَاضَ (iḵtāḍa); Active participle


ص ف و

صَفْو

Form I: صَفَا (ṣafā, “to be pure, be clear, be serene”); Verbal noun

صَافٍ

Form I: صَفَا (ṣafā, “to be pure, be clear, be serene”); Active participle

تَصْفِيَة

Form II: صَفَّى (ṣaffā, “to sort out, clarify, purify, liquidate”); Verbal noun

مُصَفٍّ

Form II: صَفَّى (ṣaffā, “to sort out, clarify, purify, liquidate”); Active participle

مُصَافٍ

Form III: صَافَى (ṣāfā); Active participle

إِصْفَاء

Form IV: أَصْفَى (ʔaṣfā, “to make pure”); Verbal noun

مُصْفٍ

Form IV: أَصْفَى (ʔaṣfā, “to make pure”); Active participle

تَصَفٍّ

Form V: تَصَفَّى (taṣaffā, “to receive in full”); Verbal noun

مُتَصَفٍّ

Form V: تَصَفَّى (taṣaffā, “to receive in full”); Active participle

اِصْطِفَاء

Form VIII: اِصْطَفَى (iṣṭafā, “to elect, to choose”); Verbal noun

مُصْطَفٍ

Form VIII: اِصْطَفَى (iṣṭafā, “to elect, to choose”); Active participle


ش و ب

Borrowed from the Aramaic root שׁ־ו־ב / ܫ-ܘ-ܒ (š-w-b), an archaic variant of the root ת־ו־ב / ܬ-ܘ-ܒ (t-w-b) “to return, to turn away” passed as تَابَ (tāba, “to repent”) and cognates with Arabic ثَابَ (ṯāba, “to return”) attested in meanings of “being hot; desiccating heat; (hot) blast”, which well can be connected to meanings of “blending, mixing”, both strains of meanings necessarily present in the idea of an alloy أُشَابَة (ʔušāba) as metals only fuse when smelted by heat and beyond herbalism and alchemy trivially connected in any field kitchen, being shared by the English ideas of cooking, concoction, strains of meanings which relate to the “returning” meanings via the notions of drawing, putting one ingredient into another or energy from one place to the other, meanings also more abstractly attested for Arabic as “to ward off” and as in the ideas of treason and disloyalty making man go off course figuratively as “to be untrustworthy”.

شَوْب

mixture; vitiation, flaw; heat; roiling; hot wind, simoom; dreadful thirst in the desert

شَائِبَة

dirt, ordure; stain, flaw; suspicion, moment of doubt

شِيَابَة

admixture, what is blended into another thing

unclear whether شُؤْبُوب from the idea of rain immixing

ش ب ب due to ideas of briskness and jumping

related to drawing off, deviating, making go off course

شَوْب

Form I: شَابَ (šāba, “to mix; to adulterate, to vitiate, to spoil; to be untrustworthy; to ward off (from evil)”); Verbal noun

شَائِب

Form I: شَابَ (šāba, “to mix; to adulterate, to vitiate, to spoil; to be untrustworthy; to ward off (from evil)”); Active participle

تَشْوِيب

Form II: شَوَّبَ (šawwaba, “to ward off; to tan, to heat up at the outside”); Verbal noun

مُشَوِّب

Form II: شَوَّبَ (šawwaba, “to ward off; to tan, to heat up at the outside”); Active participle

مُشَاوَبَة

Form III: شَاوَبَ (šāwaba, “to be immixed”); Verbal noun

مُشَاوِب

Form III: شَاوَبَ (šāwaba, “to be immixed”); Active participle

اِشْتِيَاب

Form VIII: اِشْتَابَ (ištāba, “to be mixed”); Verbal noun

مُشْتَاب

Form VIII: اِشْتَابَ (ištāba, “to be mixed”); Active participle


و ف ق

وَفْق

sufficiency; agreement, conformity, accordance; harmony, concord

تَوْفيق

confirmation, adaptation, accommodation; balancing, settlement, adjustment; reconciliation, mediation, arbitration, peacemaking; success, happy outcome, good fortune, prosperity

وِفاق

accordance, conformity; unity, concord, harmony; consent, assent; agreement, covenant

مُوافَقة

agreement, conformity; accordance; correspondence, analogy; suitability, fitness; approval, consent, assent, authorisation, sanction

اِتِّفاق

coincidence, congruence; agreement, conformity; accident, chance; covenant, compact, contract; understanding, arrangement; agreement, treaty, pact

اِتِّفاقية

agreement, treaty; convention, concordat

Form I: وَفِقَ (wafiqa); Active participle

مُوَفِّق

Form II: وَفَّقَ (waffaqa); Active participle

مُوَافِق

Form III: وَافَقَ (wāfaqa); Active participle

تَوَفُّق

Form V: تَوَفَّقَ (tawaffaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَوَفِّق

Form V: تَوَفَّقَ (tawaffaqa); Active participle

اِتِّفَاق

Form VIII: اِتَّفَقَ (ittafaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَّفِق

Form VIII: اِتَّفَقَ (ittafaqa); Active participle


maṭl-

Proto-Georgian-Zan:

Old Georgian: მატლი (maṭli)

Zan:

Laz: მუნტური (munťuri)

Mingrelian: მუნტური (munṭuri)

Svan: მჷტ (məṭ)

From *maṭl- (“causing spoilage, taint, worm-strike”), the active participle of *ṭl- (“to spoil, to rot, be tainted, be worm-eaten”).


ṭl-

Proto-Georgian-Zan:

Old Georgian: ტლობა (ṭloba)

Georgian: სატლობა (saṭloba)

desc

Georgian: სატლი (saṭli), სატალი (saṭali)

*maṭl- (“maggot”)

*sxmarṭl- (“medlar”) (possibly)

to spoil, rot, be tainted, be worm-eaten


م ح ق

مَحْق

effacement, obliteration; eradication, extermination, annihilation, destruction

مَاحِق

Form I: مَحَقَ (maḥaqa); Active participle

إِمْحَاق

Form IV: أَمْحَقَ (ʔamḥaqa); Verbal noun

مُمْحِق

Form IV: أَمْحَقَ (ʔamḥaqa); Active participle

تَمَحُّق

Form V: تَمَحَّقَ (tamaḥḥaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَمَحِّق

Form V: تَمَحَّقَ (tamaḥḥaqa); Active participle

اِنْمِحَاق

Form VII: اِنْمَحَقَ (inmaḥaqa); Verbal noun

مُنْمَحِق

Form VII: اِنْمَحَقَ (inmaḥaqa); Active participle

اِمْتِحَاق

Form VIII: اِمْتَحَقَ (imtaḥaqa); Verbal noun

مُمْتَحِق

Form VIII: اِمْتَحَقَ (imtaḥaqa); Active participle


은은

은은하다 은은하다#Korean

Root of 은은하다 (euneunhada, “to be faint, to be indistinct, to be subtle”). Rarely used alone.


은은

은은하다 은은하다#Korean

Root of 은은하다 (euneunhada, “to be loud, to be roaring”). Rarely used alone.


ء ك س د

From أُكْسِيد (ʔuksīd), from French oxyde.

أَكْسَدَة

Form Iq: أَكْسَدَ (ʔaksada); Verbal noun

مُؤَكْسِد

Form Iq: أَكْسَدَ (ʔaksada); Active participle

تَأَكْسُد

Form IIq: تَأَكْسَدَ (taʔaksada); Verbal noun

مُتَأَكْسِد

Form IIq: تَأَكْسَدَ (taʔaksada); Active participle


명료

명료하다 명료하다#Korean

Root of 명료하다 (myeongnyohada). Rarely used alone.


타당

타당하다 타당하다#Korean

Root of 타당하다 (tadanghada). Rarely used alone.


자상

[t͡ɕa̠sʰa̠ŋ]

자상하다 자상하다#Korean

Root of 자상하다 (jasanghada). Rarely used alone.


د خ ل

دَخْل

income, revenues, receipts, returns, takings; interference, intervention; doubt, misgiving

دَخَل

disturbance, disorder, imbalance; defect, infirmity

دِخْلة

intrinsic nature, essence; inner self; secret, intention

دُخُول

entry, entrance, admission; ingress; beginning; penetration; intrusion, invasion

مَدْخَل

entrance; hallway, vestibule, anteroom; entrance hall, lobby, foyer; mouth (of a port, canal)

مُداخَلة

interference, intervention; participation, interest

إِدْخال

leading in, showing in, bringing in, taking in, hauling in; involvement, implication; insertion, interpolation, inclusion; introduction

تَدُخُّل

entry, entrance; invasion; interference, intervention; intrusion, obtrusion

تَداخُل

interference, intervention; interlock, meshing, gearing; superimposition; permeation, pervasion

دَخيل

inner, inward, internal; foreign, alien; exotic; false, spurious

داخِل

belonging, pertaining, included; inner, inward, internal, interior

داخِلي

inner, inward; internal; domestic (as opposed to foreign); indigenous, native; private

مَدْخول

sickly, diseased, abnormal; deranged; spineless

Form I: دَخِلَ (daḵila); Active participle

مُدَخِّل

Form II: دَخَّلَ (daḵḵala); Active participle

مُدَاخِل

Form III: دَاخَلَ (dāḵala); Active participle

إِدْخَال

Form IV: أَدْخَلَ (ʔadḵala); Verbal noun

مُدْخِل

Form IV: أَدْخَلَ (ʔadḵala); Active participle

تَدَخُّل

Form V: تَدَخَّلَ (tadaḵḵala); Verbal noun

مُتَدَخِّل

Form V: تَدَخَّلَ (tadaḵḵala); Active participle

تَدَاخُل

Form VI: تَدَاخَلَ (tadāḵala); Verbal noun

مُتَدَاخِل

Form VI: تَدَاخَلَ (tadāḵala); Active participle


د خ ل

داخل

Form I: دخل (daḵal, “to enter, to go in”); Active participle


م ق ر

مَقْر

Form I: مَقَرَ (maqara, “to strike with a stick; to marinate, to confect”); Verbal noun

مَاقِر

Form I: مَقَرَ (maqara, “to strike with a stick; to marinate, to confect”); Active participle

مَقَر

Form I: مَقِرَ (maqira, “to be acid or bitter”); Verbal noun

Form I: مَقِرَ (maqira, “to be acid or bitter”); Active participle

إِمْقَار

Form IV: أَمْقَرَ (ʔamqara, “to marinate, to macerate, to bitter or sour”); Verbal noun

مُمْقِر

Form IV: أَمْقَرَ (ʔamqara, “to marinate, to macerate, to bitter or sour”); Active participle

اِمْتِقَار

Form VIII: اِمْتَقَرَ (imtaqara, “to dig out the well more”); Verbal noun

مُمْتَقِر

Form VIII: اِمْتَقَرَ (imtaqara, “to dig out the well more”); Active participle

اِمْقِرَار

Form IX: اِمْقَرَّ (imqarra, “to have intumescent veins”); Verbal noun

مُمْقَرّ

Form IX: اِمْقَرَّ (imqarra, “to have intumescent veins”); Active participle


ṣ-ḫ-r

Cognate with Arabic ص غ ر (ṣ-ḡ-r) and Biblical Hebrew צ־ע־ר (ṣ-ʿ-r).

ar-root

ص غ ر (ṣ-ḡ-r)


연소

연소(年少)하다 연소하다#Korean

Root of 연소(年少)하다 (yeonsohada, “to be young”). Rarely used alone.


ح م ض

ح م ض • (ḥ-m-ḍ)

Cognate to Hebrew ח־מ־ץ (ḥ-m-ṣ) and Aramaic ח־מ־ע / ܚ-ܡ-ܥ (ḥ-m-ʿ).

حُمُوضَة

Form I: حَمُضَ (ḥamuḍa, “to be or become sour”); Verbal noun

Form I: حَمُضَ (ḥamuḍa, “to be or become sour”); Active participle

تَحْمِيض

Form II: حَمَّضَ (ḥammaḍa, “to make sour”); Verbal noun

مُحَمِّض

Form II: حَمَّضَ (ḥammaḍa, “to make sour”); Active participle

إِحْمَاض

Form IV: أَحْمَضَ (ʔaḥmaḍa, “to become abundant in حَمْض (ḥamḍ); to give حَمْض (ḥamḍ) to eat”); Verbal noun

مُحْمِض

Form IV: أَحْمَضَ (ʔaḥmaḍa, “to become abundant in حَمْض (ḥamḍ); to give حَمْض (ḥamḍ) to eat”); Active participle

تَحَمُّض

Form V: تَحَمَّضَ (taḥammaḍa); Verbal noun

مُتَحَمِّض

Form V: تَحَمَّضَ (taḥammaḍa); Active participle

حَمْض

a term used by Bedouins for saline, mostly chenopodiaceous and zygophyllaceous plants; acid

مَحْمَض

a place where camels pasture upon حَمْض (ḥamḍ)


ح ل ي

حَلْى

Form I: حَلَى (ḥalā, “to adorn, acquire ornaments, wear ornaments”); Verbal noun

حَالٍ

Form I: حَلَى (ḥalā, “to adorn, acquire ornaments, wear ornaments”); Active participle

تَحْلِيَة

Form II: حَلَّى (ḥallā, “to bedeck with ornaments, make an ornament”); Verbal noun

مُحَلٍّ

Form II: حَلَّى (ḥallā, “to bedeck with ornaments, make an ornament”); Active participle

مُتَحَلٍّ

Form V: تَحَلَّى (taḥallā); Active participle

حَلًا

pustules breaking out in the mouths of children

حِلْيَة

ornament or jewellery, usually of a woman; characteristics or complexion of a man

حَلِيَّة

a woman wearing jewellery; a tree bearing leaves

حُلَيَّا

a plant; a certain food made of pressed dates


و د ع

وَدْع

Form I: وَدَعَ (wadaʕa, “to put down, lodge, deposit”); Verbal noun

وَادِع

Form I: وَدَعَ (wadaʕa, “to put down, lodge, deposit”); Active participle

تَوْدِيع

Form II: وَدَّعَ (waddaʕa, “to see off, bid farewell; take leave of, say farewell”); Verbal noun

مُوَدِّع

Form II: وَدَّعَ (waddaʕa, “to see off, bid farewell; take leave of, say farewell”); Active participle

إِيدَاع

Form IV: أَوْدَعَ (ʔawdaʕa, “put down, lay down, lodge, deposit; entrust”); Verbal noun

مُودِع

Form IV: أَوْدَعَ (ʔawdaʕa, “put down, lay down, lodge, deposit; entrust”); Active participle

اِسْتِيدَاع

Form X: اِسْتَوْدَعَ (istawdaʕa, “lay down, put down, place, lodge, deposit; entrust, consign, commit; store”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَوْدِع

Form X: اِسْتَوْدَعَ (istawdaʕa, “lay down, put down, place, lodge, deposit; entrust, consign, commit; store”); Active participle

دَعَة

mild-temperedness, meekness, gentleness; calm, composure, equanimity

وَدْع

lodging, depositing, protecting; sea-shells

وَدَاعة

gentle-heartedness, gentleness, meekness, peaceability

وَدِيع

calm, peaceable, gentle-hearted, mild-tempered, meek

وَدِيعة

something entrusted to somebody's custody, trust, charge; deposited amount; deposit

اِيدَاع

lodging, consigning, depositing, deposition

وَادِع

consignor, depositor; gentle, mild, meek; peaceable, composed, calm; moderate; low, deep


resik

Inherited from Malay resik. Onomatopoeic.


qoj-

*qoj-l

Chuvan: Хайла (Qajla)

Northern Yukaghir: Хойл (Qojl)

Omok: Кха (Kqa)

Southern Yukaghir: Хойл (Qojl)


غ ل س

related to the twilight before dawn, the darkness of the last part of the night

مُغَلِّس

Form II: غَلَّسَ (ḡallasa); Active participle

إِغْلَاس

Form IV: أَغْلَسَ (ʔaḡlasa); Verbal noun

مُغْلِس

Form IV: أَغْلَسَ (ʔaḡlasa); Active participle

غَلَس

twilight before dawn; the corresponding colour (black mixed with whiteness or redness)

غَلِيس

a proper name for a wild ass whose colour is black mixed with whiteness or redness

أَغْلَسُ

coloured black mixed with whiteness or redness


jalq-

*jalq-l

Chuvan: англелъ (anglel)

Northern Yukaghir: йалҕил (jalhil)

Omok: ольдяль (olʹdjalʹ)

Southern Yukaghir: йалҕил (jalhil)


*sa:-l

Northern Yukaghir: саал (saal)

Omok: теа (tea)

Southern Yukaghir: шаал (šāl)

Possibly related to Proto-Uralic *śala (“elm tree”).


ش ف و

From شَفَة (šafa, “lip; brink, border”).

شَفًا

Form I: شَفَا (šafā, “to near setting (said of the Sun); to appear”); Verbal noun

شَافٍ

Form I: شَفَا (šafā, “to near setting (said of the Sun); to appear”); Active participle

إِشْفَاء

Form IV: أَشْفَى (ʔašfā, “to be or become on the brink of”); Verbal noun

مُشْفٍ

Form IV: أَشْفَى (ʔašfā, “to be or become on the brink of”); Active participle


ش ف ي

From شَفَة (šafa, “lip; brink, border”): originally شُفِيَ (šufiya, “to have one’s health restored”) literally meant “to be unbrinked”, “to be snatched from the brink of death”.

شِفَاء

Form I: شَفَى (šafā, “to heal”); Verbal noun

شَافٍ

Form I: شَفَى (šafā, “to heal”); Active participle

إِشْفَاء

Form IV: أَشْفَى (ʔašfā, “to medicate, to apply leechdom to, to recover to convalescence”); Verbal noun

مُشْفٍ

Form IV: أَشْفَى (ʔašfā, “to medicate, to apply leechdom to, to recover to convalescence”); Active participle

تَشَفٍّ

Form V: تَشَفَّى (tašaffā, “to recover, to find sanity again, to find satisfaction”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَفٍّ

Form V: تَشَفَّى (tašaffā, “to recover, to find sanity again, to find satisfaction”); Active participle

اِشْتِفَاء

Form VIII: اِشْتَفَى (ištafā, “to be healed; to be content or satisfied”); Verbal noun

مُشْتَفٍ

Form VIII: اِشْتَفَى (ištafā, “to be healed; to be content or satisfied”); Active participle

اِسْتِشْفَاء

Form X: اِسْتَشْفَى (istašfā, “to seek treatment at”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَشْفٍ

Form X: اِسْتَشْفَى (istašfā, “to seek treatment at”); Active participle


√aa

to sit; to be situated (singular subject only)

to inspect; to examine; to kiss; to consider; to think over; to come to senses


ǵʰeh₂-

Ancient Greek: χαίνω (khaínō)

Proto-Germanic: *ganāną

*ǵʰh₂-sḱéti ~ ǵʰh₂-sḱónti

Ancient Greek: χάσκω (kháskō)

*ǵʰei-ǵʰh₂-oi- (reduplicated i-perfect)

Proto-Germanic: *gīgēn- (“to desire”)

English: gain

desc

Old High German: (with nasal infix) gingēn (“to desire”)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gageigan, “to gain”)

*ǵʰi-né-h₂-ti ~ ǵʰi-n-h₂-énti (nasal infix present)

Proto-Germanic: *ginōną, *gīnaną (“to gape, yawn”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *koy (“mouth”)

Tocharian A: koy-

Tocharian B: koyn

Proto-Germanic: *gapōną (see there for further descendants)

*ɡ́ʰéh₂-os ~ ɡʰéh₂-es-os

Ancient Greek: χάος (kháos)

*ɡ́ʰéh₂w-mō ~ ɡ́ʰh₂w-m̥nés

Proto-Germanic: *gōmô (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

>? Proto-Germanic: *gagin (“towards, against”)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian B: kāyā (“to open wide, gape”)

→? Old Georgian: გემოჲ (gemoy, “palate, taste”) (or from Ancient Greek) (see there for further descendants)


ح ب ن

Superficially augmented from ح ب ب (ḥ-b-b) in its grain meanings, which has perhaps supported this root. Corriente only has حَبَن (ḥaban, “oleander”) and suggests its origin in Egyptian ḥbn (“to stab, to chef”) owing to other names of the plant referring to its deadliness: قَاتِل الْحَمِير (qātil al-ḥamīr), سَمّ الْحِمَار (samm al-ḥimār), سَمّ الْبَهَائِم (samm al-bahāʔim), جَوْزَهْرَج (jawzahraj). This seems even more verisimile if one wares how notorious Nerium oleander is for its repellent effect: The meanings of dropsy then derives from it, see the tree Zaqqum in Qurʾānic Hell, from the fruits of which the digestive tracts of its inhabitants boil and spit. زَقُّوم (zaqqūm) served as another name for “oleander”, at least it is its most common name in Turkish, zakkum, beside ağı ağacı (literally “poison tree”); zıkkım means “1. poison 2. harmful habit such as smoking 3. an annoyance, a vex”. In Greek mythology Daphne was a fatal nymph, from whose name the oleander’s other Arabic name دِفْلَى (diflā) derives. The chamaeleon has its name by its venomous colour, and the monkey from his protruding red rear end.

حَبَن

Form I: حَبِنَ (ḥabina, “to be tumid”); Verbal noun

Form I: حَبِنَ (ḥabina, “to be tumid”); Active participle

حَبَن

Form I: حُبِنَ (ḥubina, “to suffer dropsy”); Verbal noun

Form I: حُبِنَ (ḥubina, “to suffer dropsy”); Active participle

إِحْبَان

Form IV: أَحْبَنَ (ʔaḥbana, “to render tumid”); Verbal noun

مُحْبِن

Form IV: أَحْبَنَ (ʔaḥbana, “to render tumid”); Active participle

اِحْتِبَان

Form VIII: اِحْتَبَنَ (iḥtabana, “to be tumid”); Verbal noun

مُحْتَبِن

Form VIII: اِحْتَبَنَ (iḥtabana, “to be tumid”); Active participle


ع ن د

related to perversion, going off a comparandum

عُنُود

Form I: عَنَدَ (ʕanada, “to be perverse, diverging or obstinate”); Verbal noun

عَانِد

Form I: عَنَدَ (ʕanada, “to be perverse, diverging or obstinate”); Active participle

عَنَد

Form I: عَنِدَ (ʕanida, “to be perverse, diverging or obstinate”); Verbal noun

Form I: عَنِدَ (ʕanida, “to be perverse, diverging or obstinate”); Active participle

مُعَانَدَة

Form III: عَانَدَ (ʕānada, “to repugnate”); Verbal noun

مُعَانِد

Form III: عَانَدَ (ʕānada, “to repugnate”); Active participle

إِعْنَاد

Form IV: أَعْنَدَ (ʔaʕnada, “to remove oneself, to depart without cease”); Verbal noun

مُعْنِد

Form IV: أَعْنَدَ (ʔaʕnada, “to remove oneself, to depart without cease”); Active participle

تَعَانُد

Form VI: تَعَانَدَ (taʕānada, “to repugnate one another”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَانِد

Form VI: تَعَانَدَ (taʕānada, “to repugnate one another”); Active participle

اِسْتِعْنَاد

Form X: اِسْتَعْنَدَ (istaʕnada, “to cling to, to inflect by closeness, to direct oneself against”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَعْنِد

Form X: اِسْتَعْنَدَ (istaʕnada, “to cling to, to inflect by closeness, to direct oneself against”); Active participle

عُنْدَد and عُنْدُد

refuge, place where one can go off to; ruse, expedient, cunning

عِنْدَأَوَة

perplexity, embarrassment, difficulty; great calamity; durity, asperity; ruse, stratagem, cunning

عُنْد and عَنِد are alleged

side, edge; piercing from one side to the other

which unlike the preposition, which is an Arabic innovation, exists in Syriac

which may be from combining senses of the unrelated preposition with this root


skabʰ-

*skábʰ-e-ti (thematic present)

Latin: scabō (“to scratch, rub”)

Proto-Germanic: *skabaną (“to shave, scrape”)

>? Lithuanian: skàbti (“to pick”)

*skabʰ-on-s ~ *skabʰ-en-

Proto-Germanic: *skabô

Old High German: schafa (“scraper”)

Old English: scafa (“scraper”)

*skabʰ-men-s ~ *skabʰ-mn-

⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάμμα (skámma, “trench”)

*skabʰ-ter-s ~ *skabʰ-tr-

Ancient Greek: σκαπτήρ (skaptḗr, “digger”)

*skobʰ-i-s

Latin: scobis (“sawdust”)

*skabʰ-ti-s

Ancient Greek: περίσκαψις (perískapsis, “digging around”)

Lithuanian: skàpti (“to pluck”, infinitive)

*skabʰ-iH-s

Latin: scabies (“roughness of the skin, scabies”)

*skábʰ-es-s

Ancient Greek: σκάφος (skáphos, “ditch, ship's hull”)

*skábʰ-o-s

Proto-Germanic: *skabaz

Old Norse: skǫf n pl (“chips”)

Icelandic: skaf

*skabʰ-ó-s

⇒ Lithuanian: skabùs (“sharp”)

Ancient Greek: σκάφη (skáphē, “tub, ship”)

*skabʰ-ró-s

Latin: scaber (“rough, scratchy, mangy”)

(dialectal) ⇒? Lithuanian: skabrùs (“sharp”)

Latvian: skabrs (“splintered, sharp”)

*-skābʰ-yo-s

Proto-Germanic: *-skōbijaz

Old Norse: auðskæfr (“easy to smoothen”)

Unsorted formations:

Ancient Greek: σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”)

Balto-Slavic

Lithuanian: skōbti (“to scrape, carve, pick”)

Lithuanian: skabýti (“to cut, pick, break off”)

(dialectal) Lithuanian: skóbas (“sour”)

Latvian: skâbs (“sour”)

Proto-Slavic: *skȍbľь m (“crafting or carving tool (spokeshave, chisel, gouge)”)

Proto-Slavic: *skobľiti (“to carve, to delve”)

Russian: ще́бень m (ščébenʹ, “crushed stone”)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


(s)twerH-

*(s)téwrH-ye-ti (ye-present)

>? Proto-Germanic: *stiurijaną (“to direct, steer”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)towrH-éye-ti (eye-causative)

Proto-Germanic: *staurijaną

Proto-West Germanic: *staurijan (“to disturb, destroy”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)twérH-e-ti (root thematic root present)

Proto-Germanic: *þweraną (“to swirl, stir”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *twárHati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *twárHati

Sanskrit: त्वरते (tvárate, “to hurry up, hasten”)

⇒ Sanskrit: त्वरयति (tvarayati, “to cause to hasten”)

⇒ Sanskrit: त्वरा (tvarā́, “speed, haste”)

*(s)twr̥H-é-ti (tudati-type thematic present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *twr̥Háti (“to hurry”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *truwō (“to stir”) (< metathesized *truH-é-ti)

⇒ Proto-Italic: *ambitruwō (+ *ambi-)

Latin: amptruō (“to execute a figure or movement”)

⇒ Proto-Italic: *truwā

Latin: trua (“ladle”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)twr̥H-néw-ti (new-present)

Proto-Hellenic: *trū́núō (< metathesized *truHnéwti)

⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *trū́ňňō (+ *-yō)

Ancient Greek: ὀτρύνω (otrúnō, “to stir up; to hasten”) (+ unexplained *o-)

*(s)twr̥H-yé-ti (ye-deponent)

Proto-Germanic: *sturjaną, *þurjaną

Proto-West Germanic: *sturjan (“to stir up, agitate; to propel, move forward”) (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: þyrja (“to speed”)

⇒? Proto-Germanic: *sturiz (“stirring, agitation; motion”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒? Proto-Germanic: *sturmaz (“storm”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)towrH-o-s

Proto-Germanic: *stauraz (“disturbance, destruction”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: τύρβη (túrbē), σύρβη (súrbē)

Proto-Italic:

Latin: turba

Latin: turma


skwey-

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*skwoy-eh₂ : *skuy-eh₂ (“needle, prickle; thorn”, o-grade)

desctree

Dacian: *skuia (“spruce, fir-tree”)
→ Ancient Greek: Σκουάνες (Skouánes) (toponym)

desc

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skwajāˀ, *skujāˀ f (“needles or branches of a coniferous tree”)

Latvian: skuja f (“needle of a fir-tree”)

Lithuanian: skujà f (“needle of a coniferous tree; twig of a pine cone, fish-scale”)

Proto-Slavic: *xvoja f, *xvojь m (see there for further descendants)

*skowyós : *skuyós (o-grade; metathesis)

desctree

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skaujás m (“twig, cane, arbor”)
Proto-Slavic: *xȗjь (“penis”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Albanian: *skuja

⇒ Proto-Albanian: *sku-na

desc

Albanian: hu, hû m (“stake, pole; penis”)

⇒ Proto-Albanian: *skun-tā

Albanian: hundë f (“nose”)

*skwi(y)-h₂et-s (zero-grade)

Proto-Celtic: *skʷiyat-s (“hawthorn”) (see there for further descendants)


gʷewH-

*gʷuH-é-ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHáti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHáti

Sanskrit: गुवति (guváti, “to defecate”)

*gʷówH-dʰro-m

Proto-Celtic: *bowdrom (“filth”)

Proto-Brythonic: *bʉdr

Middle Welsh: budyr

Welsh: budr

>? Middle Irish: buaidir

>? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawāˀ

Proto-Slavic: *govà

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *govьno (“excrement”) (+ *-ьno) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Slavic: *gaviti

Old East Slavic: огавити (ogaviti)

dialectal Russian: гаведь (gavedʹ), гаведный (gavednyj)

Slovene: gabiti se, ogaba, ogaben

Slovak: ohava (noun), ohavný (adjective)

Proto-Celtic: *bowā (“filth, excrement”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷuH-nó-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHnás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHnás

Sanskrit: गून (gūná, “defecated”)

Proto-Iranian: *guHnáh

Khotanese: *gūṃ

⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (agūṃ, “unpolluted”)

*gʷuH-tHó-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHtʰás (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷuH-tó-s, *gʷweH-tó-s

Proto-Armenian:

Old Armenian: կու (ku), կոյ (koy, “excrement”)

Proto-Germanic: *kwādaz, *kwēdaz

Proto-West Germanic: *kwād (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)


기묘

기묘하다 기묘하다#Korean

Root of 기묘하다 (gimyohada). Rarely used alone.


luap

From Malay luap, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luab, from Proto-Austronesian *luab (“swell up, as boiling rice; boil over”). Doublet of rob.


א־ב־ז־ר

Denominal. From Aramaic אַבְזָרָא (ʾaḇzārā), ultimately from Middle Iranian; compare modern Persian ابزار (abzâr).

bor

Aramaic אַבְזָרָא (ʾaḇzārā)


ש־מ־ר־ט־ף

Forming words pertaining to babysitting.


ס־נ־כ־ר־ן

From סינכרוני, which is probably from German synchron.

Forming words pertaining to synchronizing.


א־ב־ט־ח

From אבטחה (avtakha, “security”). An extension of ב־ט־ח (v-t-kh).


א־ו־ר־ר

From אוויר (avír) with reduplication. An extension of the "air" sense of א־ו־ר ('-v-r).

Forming words pertaining to ventilation.


א־ז־ר־ח

Denominal from אֶזְרָח (ezrákh, “citizen”). An extension of ז־ר־ח (z-r-kh).

Forming words pertaining to gaining citizenship.


א־ז־כ־ר

Denominal from אַזְכָּרָה. An extension of the root ז־כ־ר (z-k-r, “related to memory”).

Forming words pertaining to referencing.


א־ח־ס־ן

Denominal from אַחְסָנָה. An extension of the root ח־ס־ן (kh-s-n, “related to storing”).


א־ל־ת־ר

Forming words pertaining to improvisation.


א־כ־ז־ב

Forming words pertaining to disappointment.


א־כ־ל־ס

From אוכלוסין, from Aramaic אוכלוסין, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὄχλος (ókhlos).

der

Aramaic אוכלוסין


א־ב־ח־ן

An extension of the root ב־ח־ן (v-kh-n, “related to testing”).


ر و ح

head

ر و ح • (r w ḥ)

رَوَاح

Form I: رَاحَ (rāḥa, “to go”); Verbal noun

رَوَح

Form I: رَاحَ (rāḥa, “to become wide”); Verbal noun

إِرَاحَة

Form IV: أَرَاحَ (ʔarāḥa, “to disburden someone, to make comfortable”); Verbal noun

تَرَاوُح

Form VI: تَرَاوَحَ (tarāwaḥa, “to vary”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَاوَح

رَائِح

Form I: رَاحَ (rāḥa, “to go”); Active participle

Form I: رَاحَ (rāḥa, “to become wide”); Active participle

تَرْوِيح

Form II: رَوَّحَ (rawwaḥa, “to go home”); Verbal noun

مُرَوِّح

Form II: رَوَّحَ (rawwaḥa, “to go home”); Active participle

مُرَاوِح

Form III: رَاوَحَ (rāwaḥa); Active participle

مُرِيح

Form IV: أَرَاحَ (ʔarāḥa, “to disburden someone, to make comfortable”); Active participle

مُتَرَاوِح

Form VI: تَرَاوَحَ (tarāwaḥa, “to vary”); Active participle

اِرْتِيَاح

Form VIII: اِرْتَاحَ (irtāḥa, “to rest”); Verbal noun

مُرْتَاح

Form VIII: اِرْتَاحَ (irtāḥa, “to rest”); Active participle

اِسْتِرَاحَة

Form X: اِسْتَرَاحَ (istarāḥa, “to rest”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَرِيح

Form X: اِسْتَرَاحَ (istarāḥa, “to rest”); Active participle


ر و ح

رايح

Form I: راح (rāḥ, “to go”); Active Participle

مروّح

Form II: روّح (rawwaḥ, “to return home”); Active Participle

استراحة

Form X: استراح (istarāḥ, “to rest, to take a break”); Noun Form

مريّح

Form II: ريّح (rayyaḥ, “to calm, soothe”); Active Participle

مرتاح

Form VIII: ارتاح (irtāḥ, “to relax, to be at ease”); Active Participle


د ر ك

تَدْرِيك

Form II: دَرَّكَ (darraka, “to last, continue”); Verbal noun

مُدَرِّك

Form II: دَرَّكَ (darraka, “to last, continue”); Active participle

مُدَارَكَة

Form III: دَارَكَ (dāraka, “to reach, catch, overtake, outrun”); Verbal noun

مُدَارِك

Form III: دَارَكَ (dāraka, “to reach, catch, overtake, outrun”); Active participle

إِدْرَاك

Form IV: أَدْرَكَ (ʔadraka, “to reach, arrive, obtain, grasp, understand”); Verbal noun

مُدْرِك

Form IV: أَدْرَكَ (ʔadraka, “to reach, arrive, obtain, grasp, understand”); Active participle

تَدَارُك

Form VI: تَدَارَكَ (tadāraka, “to reach and seize; to prevent, correct, make amends”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَارِك

Form VI: تَدَارَكَ (tadāraka, “to reach and seize; to prevent, correct, make amends”); Active participle

اِسْتِدْرَاك

Form X: اِسْتَدْرَكَ (istadraka, “to correct, straighten out; to repair, redress; to supplement; to anticipate, obviate”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَدْرِك

Form X: اِسْتَدْرَكَ (istadraka, “to correct, straighten out; to repair, redress; to supplement; to anticipate, obviate”); Active participle


ع ب ر

Verbs

Nouns

عِبَارَة (ʕibāra)

عِبْرَة (ʕibra)

مَعْبَر (maʕbar)

عِبْرِيَّة (ʕibriyya, “Hebrew (language)”)

Adjectives

عِبْرِيّ (ʕibriyy, “Hebrew”)


ع ب ر

اعتبر

to take value, lesson from something (e.g. an event, lecture, advice)

اعتبار

Form VIII: اعتبر (iʕtibar, “to consider”)


ع ب ر

تعبير

Form II: عبّر (ʕabbar, “to express”); Noun Form

اعتبار

Form VIII: اعتبر (iʕtabar, “to consider”); Noun Form

معتبر

Form VIII: اعتبر (iʕtabar, “to consider”); Passive Participle


ه ج م

هُجُوم

Form I: هَجَمَ (hajama, “to attack”); Verbal noun

هَاجِم

Form I: هَجَمَ (hajama, “to attack”); Active participle

تَهْجِيم

Form II: هَجَّمَ (hajjama, “to make somebody attack”); Verbal noun

مُهَجِّم

Form II: هَجَّمَ (hajjama, “to make somebody attack”); Active participle

مُهَاجَمَة

Form III: هَاجَمَ (hājama, “to attack, charge, rush, raid, trespass”); Verbal noun

مُهَاجِم

Form III: هَاجَمَ (hājama, “to attack, charge, rush, raid, trespass”); Active participle

إِهْجَام

Form IV: أَهْجَمَ (ʔahjama, “to make somebody attack”); Verbal noun

مُهْجِم

Form IV: أَهْجَمَ (ʔahjama, “to make somebody attack”); Active participle

تَهَجُّم

Form V: تَهَجَّمَ (tahajjama, “to fall upon”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَجِّم

Form V: تَهَجَّمَ (tahajjama, “to fall upon”); Active participle

تَهَاجُم

Form VI: تَهَاجَمَ (tahājama, “to attack one another”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَاجِم

Form VI: تَهَاجَمَ (tahājama, “to attack one another”); Active participle

اِنْهِجَام

Form VII: اِنْهَجَمَ (inhajama, “to fall down, collapse”); Verbal noun

مُنْهَجِم

Form VII: اِنْهَجَمَ (inhajama, “to fall down, collapse”); Active participle


و ك ل

وَاكِل

Form I: وَكَلَ (wakala, “to entrust, assign, charge”); Active participle

تَوْكِيل

Form II: وَكَّلَ (wakkala, “to authorize, empower”); Verbal noun

مُوَكِّل

Form II: وَكَّلَ (wakkala, “to authorize, empower”); Active participle

مُوَاكَلَة

Form III: وَاكَلَ (wākala, “to trust; to mutually trust”); Verbal noun

مُوَاكِل

Form III: وَاكَلَ (wākala, “to trust; to mutually trust”); Active participle

إِيكَال

Form IV: أَوْكَلَ (ʔawkala, “to entrust, assign”); Verbal noun

مُوكِل

Form IV: أَوْكَلَ (ʔawkala, “to entrust, assign”); Active participle

تَوَكُّل

Form V: تَوَكَّلَ (tawakkala, “to be appointed as agent; to act as agent; to guarantee; to depend on”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَكِّل

Form V: تَوَكَّلَ (tawakkala, “to be appointed as agent; to act as agent; to guarantee; to depend on”); Active participle

اِتِّكَال

Form VIII: اِتَّكَلَ (ittakala, “to rely on; to trust in”); Verbal noun

مُتَّكِل

Form VIII: اِتَّكَلَ (ittakala, “to rely on; to trust in”); Active participle


ف ر ش

Related to furnishing, spreading out, laying out

مفروش

Form I: فرش (faraš, “to furnish”); Passive Participle


ء ر ض

ar-root

ء ر ض • (ʔ-r-ḍ)


م ل ك

مَالِك

Form I: مَلَكَ (malaka, “to take possession, acquire, seize”); Active participle

تَمْلِيك

Form II: مَلَّكَ (mallaka, “to transfer to; to assign”); Verbal noun

مُمَلِّك

Form II: مَلَّكَ (mallaka, “to transfer to; to assign”); Active participle

إِمْلَاك

Form IV: أَمْلَكَ (ʔamlaka, “to transfer to; to assign”); Verbal noun

مُمْلِك

Form IV: أَمْلَكَ (ʔamlaka, “to transfer to; to assign”); Active participle

تَمَلُّك

Form V: تَمَلَّكَ (tamallaka, “to take over; to become king; to take root”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَلِّك

Form V: تَمَلَّكَ (tamallaka, “to take over; to become king; to take root”); Active participle

تَمَالُك

Form VI: تَمَالَكَ (tamālaka, “to gain control; to restrain”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَالِك

Form VI: تَمَالَكَ (tamālaka, “to gain control; to restrain”); Active participle

اِمْتِلَاك

Form VIII: اِمْتَلَكَ (imtalaka, “to possess; to have; to acquire”); Verbal noun

مُمْتَلِك

Form VIII: اِمْتَلَكَ (imtalaka, “to possess; to have; to acquire”); Active participle

اِسْتِمْلَاك

Form X: اِسْتَمْلَكَ (istamlaka, “to appropriate; to dominate; to own; to master”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَمْلِك

Form X: اِسْتَمْلَكَ (istamlaka, “to appropriate; to dominate; to own; to master”); Active participle


즐비

즐비하다 즐비하다#Korean

Root of 즐비하다 (jeulbihada, “to stand closely side by side; to be numerous”). Rarely used alone.


ل ز م

Verbs

Nouns

اِلْزَام (ilzām, “compulsion”)

لُزُوم (luzūm, “necessity; need”)

لِزَام (lizām, “necessity”)

مَلْزَمَة (malzama, “section, signature (of a book)”)

مِلْزَمَة (milzama, “vise, press”)

مُلَازَمَة (mulāzama, “adhesion; dwelling; dependence; perseverance; zeal”)

Adjectives

لَازِم (lāzim, “inherent; necessary”)

اِلْزَامِيّ (ilzāmiyy, “obligatory”)

مَلْزُوم (malzūm, “liable”)

related to adhering, accompanying, persisting


خ د م

head

خ د م • (ḵ d m)

خِدْمَة

Form I: خَدَمَ (ḵadama, “to serve”); Verbal noun

خَادِم

Form I: خَدَمَ (ḵadama, “to serve”); Active participle

تَخْدِيم

Form II: خَدَّمَ (ḵaddama, “to make someone work”); Verbal noun

مُخَدِّم

Form II: خَدَّمَ (ḵaddama, “to make someone work”); Active participle

اِسْتِخْدَام

Form X: اِسْتَخْدَمَ (istaḵdama, “to use”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَخْدِم

Form X: اِسْتَخْدَمَ (istaḵdama, “to use”); Active participle


خ د م

استخدام

Form X: استخدم (istaḵdam, “to use”); Verbal Noun


ه ر ب

تهريب

Form II: هرّب (harrab, “to scare off; to smuggle”); Verbal Noun


ع ي د

Via borrowing from Classical Syriac ܥܺܐܕܳܐ (ʿīḏā), related to the root ع و د.


ط ل ع

ar-root

ط ل ع • (ṭ-l-ʕ)

طَالِع

Form I: طَلَعَ (ṭalaʕa); Active participle

مُطَالِع

Form III: طَالَعَ (ṭālaʕa); Active participle

إِطْلَاع

Form IV: أَطْلَعَ (ʔaṭlaʕa); Verbal noun

مُطْلِع

Form IV: أَطْلَعَ (ʔaṭlaʕa); Active participle

تَطَلُّع

Form V: تَطَلَّعَ (taṭallaʕa); Verbal noun

مُتَطَلِّع

Form V: تَطَلَّعَ (taṭallaʕa); Active participle

اِطِّلَاع

Form VIII: اِطَّلَعَ (iṭṭalaʕa); Verbal noun

مُطَّلِع

Form VIII: اِطَّلَعَ (iṭṭalaʕa); Active participle

اِسْتِطْلَاع

Form X: اِسْتَطْلَعَ (istaṭlaʕa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَطْلِع

Form X: اِسْتَطْلَعَ (istaṭlaʕa); Active participle


ط ل ع

طالع

Form I: طلع (ṭiliʕ, “to go up, to leave”); Active Participle


교교

Sino-Korean word from 皎皎 (“pure, white, clear”).

ko-etym-sino

교교하다 교교하다#Korean

Root of 교교하다 (gyogyohada). Rarely used alone.


و ق ع

واقع

Form I: وقع (wiʔiʕ, “to fall”); Active Participle

توقيع

Form II: وقّع (waʔʔaʕ, “to drop; to sign”); Verbal Noun

موقّع

Form II: وقّع (waʔʔaʕ, “to drop; to sign”); Passive Participle


우두망찰

Seems vaguely Sino-Korean, cf. 망 (忘, mang, “to forget, to neglect”). Compare also Mandarin 糊塗／糊涂 (hútu, “bewildered, confused”).

우두망찰하다 우두망찰하다#Korean

(North Korea) Root of 우두망찰하다 (udumangchalhada, “to be dumbfounded”). Rarely used alone.


皎皎

hanja form of 교교 (“pure, white, and bright; very quiet”)


ء ك د

تأكيد

Form II: أكّد (ʔakkad, “to confirm something”); Verbal Noun

متأكّد

Form V: تأكّد (tʔakkad, “to make sure of something”); Verbal Noun


ת־ר־ג־ם

Forming words pertaining to translating.


ع ل ق

عَالِق

Form I: عَلَقَ (ʕalaqa); Active participle

مُعَلِّق

Form II: عَلَّقَ (ʕallaqa); Active participle

مُعَالِق

Form III: عَالَقَ (ʕālaqa); Active participle

إِعْلَاق

Form IV: أَعْلَقَ (ʔaʕlaqa); Verbal noun

مُعْلِق

Form IV: أَعْلَقَ (ʔaʕlaqa); Active participle

تَعَلُّق

Form V: تَعَلَّقَ (taʕallaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَعَلِّق

Form V: تَعَلَّقَ (taʕallaqa); Active participle

تَعَالُق

Form VI: تَعَالَقَ (taʕālaqa); Verbal noun

مُتَعَالِق

Form VI: تَعَالَقَ (taʕālaqa); Active participle

اِعْتِلَاق

Form VIII: اِعْتَلَقَ (iʕtalaqa); Verbal noun

مُعْتَلِق

Form VIII: اِعْتَلَقَ (iʕtalaqa); Active participle

اِسْتِعْلَاق

Form X: اِسْتَعْلَقَ (istaʕlaqa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَعْلِق

Form X: اِسْتَعْلَقَ (istaʕlaqa); Active participle


ع ل ق

تعليق

Form II: علّق (ʕallaʔ, “to attach something; to comment”); Verbal Noun


و ج ه

مواجهة

Form II: واجه (wājah, “to encounter, confront”); Noun Form


ح ل ق

Passive Participle محلوق

Form I: حلق (ḥalaʔ, “to cut hair or shave”)

Related to framing and being ring-shaped


ع ي ش

ar-root

ع ي ش • (ʕ-y-š)

مُعَيِّش

Form II: عَيَّشَ (ʕayyaša); Active participle

مُعَايِش

Form III: عَايَشَ (ʕāyaša); Active participle

تَعَايُش

Form VI: تَعَايَشَ (taʕāyaša); Verbal noun

مُتَعَايِش

Form VI: تَعَايَشَ (taʕāyaša); Active participle


ع ي ش

عايش

Form I: عاش (ʕāš, “to live”); Active Participle

تعايش

Form II: تعايش (tʕāyaš, “to coexist”); Noun Form


د ق ق

دقّة

Form I: دقّ (daʔʔ, “to knock”); Noun Form


ن ف س

نَفْس

Form I: نَفَسَ (nafasa, “to envy”); Verbal noun

نَافِس

Form I: نَفَسَ (nafasa, “to envy”); Active participle

تَنْفِيس

Form II: نَفَّسَ (naffasa, “to relieve”); Verbal noun

مُنَفِّس

Form II: نَفَّسَ (naffasa, “to relieve”); Active participle

تَنَافُس

Form VI: تَنَافَسَ (tanāfasa, “to compete”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَافِس

Form VI: تَنَافَسَ (tanāfasa, “to compete”); Active participle

مُتَنَافَس

تَنَفُّس

Form V: تَنَفَّسَ (tanaffasa, “to breath”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَفِّس

Form V: تَنَفَّسَ (tanaffasa, “to breath”); Active participle

نَفَاسَة

Form I: نَفُسَ (nafusa, “to become precious”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَفُسَ (nafusa, “to become precious”); Active participle

نِفَاس

Form I: نَفِسَ (nafisa, “to give birth”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَفِسَ (nafisa, “to give birth”); Active participle

مُنَافَسَة

Form III: نَافَسَ (nāfasa, “to compete (with)”); Verbal noun

مُنَافِس

Form III: نَافَسَ (nāfasa, “to compete (with)”); Active participle


ن ف س

منفّس

Form II: نفّس (naffas, “to exhale, deflate”); Active Participle

منافسة

Form III: نافس (nāfas, “to compete with someone”); Noun Form

منافس

Form III: نافس (nāfas, “to compete with someone”); Active Participle

تنفّس

Form V: تنفّس (tnaffas, “to breathe, inhale”); Noun Form


론

North Korea standard form of 논(論) (non, “to discuss”).


수란

Sino-Korean word from 愁 (“grieved”) + 亂 (“disoriented”).

ko-etym-sino

수란하다 수란하다#Korean

수란스럽다 수란스럽다#Korean

Root of 수란하다 (suranhada, “to be disoriented by grief or anxiety”) / 수란스럽다 (suranseureopda, “to be disorienting and saddening”). Rarely used alone.


Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

*té-th₂g-e-ti (reduplicated thematic present)

⇒ *te-th₂g-ónt-s (participle)

Proto-Hellenic: *tetagṓn

desc

Ancient Greek: τεταγών (tetagṓn, “having taken”)

>? Proto-Germanic: *tēkaną (< *deh₁g- < *dedg- < *tedg-?) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *tetagai (indic.perf.)

Latin: tetigī (act.perf.)

>? Proto-Tocharian: *tēke

Tocharian B: täk- (secondary ä after full-grade cek-)

⇒ Tocharian B: tetekor (“touch”, noun)

*te-tóh₂g-e ~ *te-th₂g-ḗr (reduplicated stative)

>? Proto-Germanic: *tetōk (“took”, act.ind.past)

Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌺 (taitōk)

>? Proto-Italic: *tag-ā-

Old Latin: [Term?] (subj.)

*tóh₂g-e-ti (o-grade thematic present)

>? Proto-Germanic: *takaną

Old Norse: taka (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian B: [Term?] (subj.)

*th₂-né-g-ti ~ th₂-n-g-énti or *th₂g-néh₂-ti

>? Proto-Celtic: *tongeti (“swears”, verb) (with unusual o-grade) (see there for further descendants)

q

>? Proto-Germanic: *þakkōną (“to touch lightly, stroke”) (or *þakwōną, derived from *téh₂g-us ~ *th₂g-éw-s?) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic:

Old Saxon: thakolōn (“stroke”)

desctree

Proto-Italic: *tangō
Latin: tangō (see there for further descendants)
>? Marrucinian: taa
>? Volscian: atahut

Proto-Italic: *taksō
Latin: taxō (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Germanic: *takjaną

Proto-West Germanic: *takkjan

Old Frisian: tetsia (“to appropriate”)

*téh₂g(-s)-mn̥ (“contact”, noun)

desc

⇒ Latin: con-tāmin-ō (“bring into contact, touch”, verb) (see there for further descendants)

*n̥-th₂g-ró-s (“untouched”, adjective)

Proto-Italic: *əntagros (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *tākslos

>? Latin: tālus (“ankle(bone), knuckle(bone)”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *tanxsman?

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: [Term?] (verb)

>? Welsh: teimlo (“to touch, feel”)

Unsorted formations:

>? Proto-Armenian:

⇒ Old Armenian: թակարդ (tʻakard, “trap, snare”) (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Armenian:

⇒ Old Armenian: թաթ (tʻatʻ, “sole (of the foot), palm; pouch; scale”) (see there for further descendants)


*téh₂g-se-ti (desiderative)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: τάξω (táxō, “will establish, will order”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Iranian:

⇒ Old Persian: [script needed] (ham-ataxšatā, “makes an effort to be orderly”)

q

⇒? *th₂g-t-yé-ti (or change of the suffix in Greek by analogy with the aorist)

>? Proto-Hellenic: *taťťō

desc

Ancient Greek: τάσσω (tássō, “establish, arrange, post”)

Attic Greek: τάττω (táttō)

Proto-Hellenic: *tagā́

Ancient Greek: ταγή (tagḗ, “array, order, supply”)

Proto-Hellenic: *tágmə

Ancient Greek: τάγμα (tágma, “ordinance, command”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tágma

Proto-Iranian: *tágma

Proto-Medo-Parthian:

⇒? Parthian: 𐭕𐭂𐭌-𐭃𐭓 (tgm-dr /tagma-dāra-/, “commander”, a title, literally “order-giver”)

>? Proto-Hellenic: *tāgós

Ancient Greek: τᾱγός (tāgós, “commander, ruler”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: [Term?] (“commander, chief”)

Tocharian A: tāśśi pl

Tocharian B: tāś


ح ل ل

تَحَلُّل

Form V: تَحَلَّلَ (taḥallala); Verbal noun

اِسْتِحْلَال

Form X: اِسْتَحَلَّ (istaḥalla); Verbal noun

Forms terms related to unfastening, undoing, breaking up

حَالّ

Form I: حَلَّ (ḥalla); Active participle

مُحَلِّل

Form II: حَلَّلَ (ḥallala); Active participle

مُحِلّ

Form IV: أَحَلَّ (ʔaḥalla); Active participle

مُتَحَلِّل

Form V: تَحَلَّلَ (taḥallala); Active participle

اِنْحِلَال

Form VII: اِنْحَلَّ (inḥalla); Verbal noun

مُنْحَلّ

Form VII: اِنْحَلَّ (inḥalla); Active participle

اِحْتِلَال

Form VIII: اِحْتَلَّ (iḥtalla); Verbal noun

مُحْتَلّ

Form VIII: اِحْتَلَّ (iḥtalla); Active participle

مُسْتَحِلّ

Form X: اِسْتَحَلَّ (istaḥalla); Active participle

Forms terms related to solving or analyzing

Forms terms related to stopping, staying, settling, occupying


ح ل ل

حلّ

Form I: حلّ (ḥall, “to solve; to untie”); Noun Form

تحليل

Form II: حلّل (ḥallal, “to analyze”); Noun Form

محلّل

Form II: حلّل (ḥallal, “to analyze”); Active Participle

احتلال

Form VIII: احتلّ (iḥtall, “to occupy”); Noun Form

محتلّ

Form VIII: احتلّ (iḥtall, “to occupy”); Passive Participle


ف ر ج

إفراج

Form IV: أفرج (ʔafraj, “to release”); Noun Form

فرجى

Quadriliteral extended root ف ر ج ي; Form Iq

فرج

Form I: فرج (faraj, “to relieve”); Noun Form


ن ب ت

Verbs

Nouns

نَبَات (nabāt)

مُسْتَنْبَت (mustanbat)

مَنْبَت (manbat)

نَبَاتِي (nabātī)


خ ط ب

ar-root

خ ط ب • (ḵ-ṭ-b)

خُطْبَة

Form I: خَطَبَ (ḵaṭaba, “to make a speech; to propose marriage”); Verbal noun

خَاطِب

Form I: خَطَبَ (ḵaṭaba, “to make a speech; to propose marriage”); Active participle

مُخَاطَبَة

Form III: خَاطَبَ (ḵāṭaba, “to address, speak to”); Verbal noun

مُخَاطِب

Form III: خَاطَبَ (ḵāṭaba, “to address, speak to”); Active participle

تَخَاطُب

Form VI: تَخَاطَبَ (taḵāṭaba, “to talk, converse, correspond”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَاطِب

Form VI: تَخَاطَبَ (taḵāṭaba, “to talk, converse, correspond”); Active participle

اِخْتِطَاب

Form VIII: اِخْتَطَبَ (iḵtaṭaba, “to ask for a girl's hand”); Verbal noun

مُخْتَطِب

Form VIII: اِخْتَطَبَ (iḵtaṭaba, “to ask for a girl's hand”); Active participle


ن ق ل

نَقْل

Form I: نَقَلَ (naqala, “to move, move away, transport, transfer; to broadcast, quote”); Verbal noun

نَاقِل

Form I: نَقَلَ (naqala, “to move, move away, transport, transfer; to broadcast, quote”); Active participle

تَنْقِيل

Form II: نَقَّلَ (naqqala, “to move, displace, advance”); Verbal noun

مُنَقِّل

Form II: نَقَّلَ (naqqala, “to move, displace, advance”); Active participle

مُنَاقَلَة

Form III: نَاقَلَ (nāqala, “to exchange; to report”); Verbal noun

مُنَاقِل

Form III: نَاقَلَ (nāqala, “to exchange; to report”); Active participle

تَنَقُّل

Form V: تَنَقَّلَ (tanaqqala, “to be carried, transported, assigned”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَقِّل

Form V: تَنَقَّلَ (tanaqqala, “to be carried, transported, assigned”); Active participle

تَنَاقُل

Form VI: تَنَاقَلَ (tanāqala, “to carry, transport; to tell each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَاقِل

Form VI: تَنَاقَلَ (tanāqala, “to carry, transport; to tell each other”); Active participle

اِنْتِقَال

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَلَ (intaqala, “to be carried, transported, assigned”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَقِل

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَلَ (intaqala, “to be carried, transported, assigned”); Active participle


청신

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋɕʰin]

Sino-Korean word from 淸新, from 淸 (“fresh”) + 新 (“new”).

ko-etym-sino

청신하다 청신하다#Korean

Root of 청신하다 (cheongsinhada, “to be refreshing”). Rarely used alone.


rum-

Proto-Georgian-Zan:

⇒ Old Georgian: მრუმჱ (mrumē, “dark”)

Zan:

⇒ Laz: ორუმე (orume, “pit, hole”)

desc

⇒ Mingrelian: რუმე (rume, “dark”), რუმუა (rumua, “to get dark”), ორუმე (orume, “prison; pit, hole”)

⇒ Svan: ლირმი (lirmi, “to imprison, arrest”)


유약

유약하다 유약하다#Korean

Root of 유약하다 (yuyakhada). Rarely used alone.


극중

[kɯk̚t͡ɕ͈uŋ]

극중(極重)하다 극중하다#Korean

Root of 극중(極重)하다 (geukjunghada). Rarely used alone.


시큰

시큰하다 시큰하다#Korean

시큰거리다 시큰거리다#Korean

시큰대다 시큰대다#Korean

시큰시큰 시큰시큰#Korean

Root of 시큰하다 (sikeunhada, “(of joints) to ache”) / 시큰거리다 (sikeun'georida, “(of joints) to keep aching”) / 시큰대다 (sikeundaeda, “(of joints) to keep aching”) / 시큰시큰 (sikeunsikeun, “(of joints) achingly”). Rarely used alone.


ن س خ

Denominal from نَسَخَ (nasaḵa), without prejudice to possible additional direct borrowings from the same Aramaic root.

نَاسِخ

Form I: نَسَخَ (nasaḵa); Active participle

تَنَسُّخ

Form V: تَنَسَّخَ (tanassaḵa); Verbal noun

مُتَنَسِّخ

Form V: تَنَسَّخَ (tanassaḵa); Active participle

تَنَاسُخ

Form VI: تَنَاسَخَ (tanāsaḵa); Verbal noun

مُتَنَاسِخ

Form VI: تَنَاسَخَ (tanāsaḵa); Active participle

اِنْتِسَاخ

Form VIII: اِنْتَسَخَ (intasaḵa); Verbal noun

مُنْتَسِخ

Form VIII: اِنْتَسَخَ (intasaḵa); Active participle

اِسْتِنْسَاخ

Form X: اِسْتَنْسَخَ (istansaḵa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْسِخ

Form X: اِسْتَنْسَخَ (istansaḵa); Active participle

مُنَاسِخ

Form III: نَاسَخَ (nāsaḵa); Active participle


ف ك ه

فَكَه

Form I: فَكِهَ (fakiha, “to be amusing, happy”); Verbal noun

Form I: فَكِهَ (fakiha, “to be amusing, happy”); Active participle

مُفَاكَهَة

Form III: فَاكَهَ (fākaha, “to jest, to joke with”); Verbal noun

مُفَاكِه

Form III: فَاكَهَ (fākaha, “to jest, to joke with”); Active participle

إِفْكَاه

Form IV: أَفْكَهَ (ʔafkaha); Verbal noun

مُفْكِه

Form IV: أَفْكَهَ (ʔafkaha); Active participle

تَفَكُّه

Form V: تَفَكَّهَ (tafakkaha); Verbal noun

مُتَفَكِّه

Form V: تَفَكَّهَ (tafakkaha); Active participle


wreyd-

*wréyd-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Germanic: *wrītaną (see there for further descendants)

*wrid-néh₂-ti ~ *wrid-n̥h₂-énti (neh₂-iterative)

Proto-Germanic: *writtōną (see there for further descendants)

*wroyd-éye-ti (causative)

Proto-Germanic: *wraitijaną (“to vex, excite”) (see there for further descendants)

*wríd-i-s (i-stem noun)

Proto-Germanic: *writiz (“scratch, carving, engraving; crack, fissure”) (see there for further descendants)


د ف ن

دَفْن

Form I: دَفَنَ (dafana, “to bury”); Verbal noun

دَافِن

Form I: دَفَنَ (dafana, “to bury”); Active participle

مُدَفِّن

Form II: دَفَّنَ (daffana); Active participle


졸망

[t͡ɕo̞ɭma̠ŋ]

拙 어—요것 졸망(拙妄)이로다

1883, 아메노모리 호슈(雨森芳洲) [Amenomori Hōshū], “人品”, in 浦瀬裕, editor, 재간교린수지(再刊交隣須知) (Jaegan'gyorinsuji)^(NDL NLK), 外務省 edition, volume 1:

졸망하다 졸망하다#Korean

Root of 졸망하다 (jolmanghada). Rarely used alone.


و ز ن

The original consonant order is Proto-Semitic *mazan- (“to weigh”), rare Ge'ez መዘነ (mäzänä), but common Amharic መዘነ (mäzzänä), which was dissimilated in Arabic to a root w-z-n, and in Hebrew א־ז־ן (ʔ-z-n), אִזֵּן (ʾizḗn), מֹאזְנַיִם (mōzənáyim), but apparently kept in Ugaritic 𐎎𐎇𐎐 (mzn, “weight”), 𐎎𐎇𐎐𐎎 (mznm, “scales”, dual), and in Aramaic and Akkadian to z-b-n as borrowed in زَبُون (zabūn, “customer”), and as well in Arabic into ز م ل (z-m-l).

he-m

מֹאזְנַיִם (mōzənáyim)

وَزْن

Form I: وَزَنَ (wazana, “to weigh”); Verbal noun

وَازِن

Form I: وَزَنَ (wazana, “to weigh”); Active participle

تَوْزِين

Form II: وَزَّنَ (wazzana, “to find the weight of”); Verbal noun

مُوَزِّن

Form II: وَزَّنَ (wazzana, “to find the weight of”); Active participle

مُوَازَنَة

Form III: وَازَنَ (wāzana, “to be of like weight to”); Verbal noun

مُوَازِن

Form III: وَازَنَ (wāzana, “to be of like weight to”); Active participle

إِيزَان

Form IV: أَوْزَنَ (ʔawzana, “to accommodate”); Verbal noun

مُوزِن

Form IV: أَوْزَنَ (ʔawzana, “to accommodate”); Active participle

تَوَازُن

Form VI: تَوَازَنَ (tawāzana, “to be counterbalanced”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَازِن

Form VI: تَوَازَنَ (tawāzana, “to be counterbalanced”); Active participle

اِنْوِزَان

Form VII: اِنْوَزَنَ (inwazana); Verbal noun

مُنْوَزِن

Form VII: اِنْوَزَنَ (inwazana); Active participle

اِتِّزَان

Form VIII: اِتَّزَنَ (ittazana, “to accept the weight of, to be harmonious with”); Verbal noun

مُتَّزِن

Form VIII: اِتَّزَنَ (ittazana, “to accept the weight of, to be harmonious with”); Active participle

أَوْزَن

more weight; more considerable; more harmonious in meter


ج س م

Verbs

Nouns

جَسَامَة (jasāma)

جِسْم (jism)

جُسْمَان (jusmān)

جُسَيْم (jusaym)

مُجَسَّم (mujassam), مُجَسَّمَة (mujassama)

Adjectives

أَجْسَم (ʔajsam)

جَسِيم (jasīm)

جِسْمِيّ (jismiyy)

جِسْمَانِيّ (jismāniyy)


ܬ ܪ ܓ ܡ

From Akkadian 𒅴𒁄 (/targumannu, turgumannu/, “interpreter”); compare Arabic ت ر ج م (t r j m), Hebrew ת־ר־ג־ם (t-r-g-m).

der

ܬܘܼܪܓܵܡܵܐ

ܬܲܪܓܸܡ (targim, “to translate, interpret”); Verbal noun

ܬܲܪܓܲܡܬܵܐ

ܬܲܪܓܸܡ (targim, “to translate, interpret”); Instance noun


lep-

*lep-l

Omok: непао (nepao)

Southern Yukaghir: лэпул (lepul)


ع ن ف

عُنْف

Form I: عَنُفَ (ʕanufa, “to be rough, harsh”); Verbal noun

Form I: عَنُفَ (ʕanufa, “to be rough, harsh”); Active participle

تَعْنِيف

Form II: عَنَّفَ (ʕannafa, “to be rough toward”); Verbal noun

مُعَنِّف

Form II: عَنَّفَ (ʕannafa, “to be rough toward”); Active participle

إِعْنَاف

Form IV: أَعْنَفَ (ʔaʕnafa); Verbal noun

مُعْنِف

Form IV: أَعْنَفَ (ʔaʕnafa); Active participle

اِعْتِنَاف

Form VIII: اِعْتَنَفَ (iʕtanafa); Verbal noun

مُعْتَنِف

Form VIII: اِعْتَنَفَ (iʕtanafa); Active participle


salah guna

Compound of salah (“mis-”) + guna (“use”), calque of Dutch misbruik (“abuse”, literally “misuse”).

clq

(law) base form of penyalahgunaan (“abuse”)


𑀫𑀠𑁆

*𑀫𑀠𑀢𑀺 (*maḍhati)

Khasa Prakrit:

Dogri: maṛhṇā

Devanagari script: मढ़ना

Dogra script: 𑠢𑠫𑠹𑠪𑠹𑠘𑠬

Nepali: मढ्नु (maḍhnu)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bagheli: मढ़ब (maṛhab)

Maithili: maṛhab

Devanagari script: मढ़ब

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒜𑓃𑒥

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: मढ्चे (maḍhce)

Old Marathi: maḍhaṇe

Devanagari script: मढणे

Modi script: 𑘦𑘛𑘜𑘹

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: maṛhṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਮੜ੍ਹਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: مَڑْھݨا

Saraiki: maṛhaṇ

Devanagari script: मढ़ण (maṛhaṇ)

Multani script: 𑊠𑊨𑊕 (mṛhṇ)

Shahmukhi script: مَڑَھݨ (maṛhaṇ)

Sindhi: maṛhaṇu

Arabic script: مَڙَهڻُ

Devanagari script: मढ़णु

Khudawadi script: 𑋗𑋋𑋩𑋌𑋣

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Braj: मढ़न (maṛhan)

Gojri: مَڑھنو (maṛhno)

Gujarati: મઢવું (maḍhvũ)

Hindustani: maṛhnā

Hindi: मढ़ना

Urdu: مَڑْھنَا (maṛhnā)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: मंडणौ (maṇḍṇau), मंढणौ (maṇḍhṇau)

Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅧𑅠𑅢𑅒 (mnḍṇu), 𑅬𑅧𑅡𑅢𑅒 (mnḍhṇu)

*𑀫𑀠𑀺𑀢 ~ *𑀫𑀸𑀠𑀺𑀢 (*maḍhita ~ *māḍhita)

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀠𑀺𑀅 (maḍhia), 𑀫𑀸𑀠𑀺𑀅 (māḍhia)

*𑀫𑀠𑀻 ~ *𑀫𑀸𑀠𑀻 (*maḍhī ~ *māḍhī)

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀠𑀻 (māḍhī)

Awadhi: मढ़ (maṛh)

Malvi: मढ़ (maṛh)


ɣar-

Proto-Georgian-Zan:

desc

⇒ Old Georgian: ღრიალი (ɣriali, “roar, bellow”), მღერის (mɣeris, “to sing”), სიმღერა (simɣera, “song”), მომღერალი (momɣerali, “singer”)

Zan:

Laz: ო-მღორ-უ (o-mğor-u, “to shout”)

⇒ Mingrelian: ღორაფა (ɣorapa, “shouting, roaring, crying”)

⇒ Svan: ლიღრა̈ლ (liɣräl, “song”)

⇒ Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣarɣad- (“goose”) (see there for further descendants)


ɣar-

Proto-Georgian-Zan:

⇒ Georgian: ღრობა (ɣroba, “withering, wiltering”) (Guria)

Zan:

Laz: ღურ- (ğur-)

⇒ Mingrelian: ღურა (ɣura, “death”)

⇒ Svan: მაღრა (maɣra, “dried up tree”)

⇒? Proto-Georgian-Zan: *(m)žɣr- (“to wither, fade”) (see there for further descendants)


ن و ل

Univerbation of ن و ي (n w y) + لِ (li).

مُنَوِّل

Form II: نَوَّلَ (nawwala); Active participle

مُنَاوِل

Form III: نَاوَلَ (nāwala); Active participle

مُنِيل

Form IV: أَنَالَ (ʔanāla); Active participle

تَنَاوُل

Form VI: تَنَاوَلَ (tanāwala); Verbal noun

مُتَنَاوِل

Form VI: تَنَاوَلَ (tanāwala); Active participle


ع ه د

Verbs

Nouns

عَهْد (ʕahd)

عُهْدَة (ʕuhda, “responsibility, charge”).

عَهِيد (ʕahīd, “ally”)

مُتَعَهِّد (mutaʕahhid)

مَعْهَد (maʕhad)

related to responsibility and obligation


वृध्

head

वृध् • (vṛdh)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwardʰ-, from a possible Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ- of uncertain further origin. Schindler, citing Krisch, takes the root as a metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow, rise”), whence रोधति (rodhati, “to grow, sprout”). Alternative theories include a connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; strong”). The root may have been contaminated by semantically similar roots such as the one underlying अर्ध् (ardh, “to prosper”). See rose for more.


kemH-

*km̥H-el-os (“bumblebee”)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kimelаs

Proto-Slavic: *čьmèľь (“bumblebee”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *humelaz (“bumblebee”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kamāˀras

Proto-Slavic: *komãrъ (“mosquito”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kamanēˀ

desc

Latgalian: kamane (“bumblebee, wild bee”)

Latvian: kamene, kamine (“bumblebee”)

Lithuanian: kamãnė (“bumblebee”), kamana; kamìnė (“wild bee”) (dialectal)

*komH-us

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kamus

Old Prussian: camus (“bumblebee”)

*km̥H-us

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kimús

Lithuanian: kimùs (“hoarse”)

*km̥H-yé-ti

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kimˀtei

Lithuanian: kìmti (“wheeze, become hoarse”) (present kìmstu)

Proto-Germanic: *hummōną (“to hum”) (see there for further descendants)

Possibly:

*komH-on-yos

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kamanjas

>? Proto-Slavic: *komoňь (“horse”) (see there for further descendants)

>? Ancient Greek: κηφήν (kēphḗn, “apian drone”) (see there for further descendants)

Onomatopoeic. Possible late North-West Indo-European isogloss.

Brill Publishers
Oleg Trubachyov
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


beɣ-

Proto-Georgian-Zan:

Zan:

⇒ Laz: ობაღუ (obağu, “to suffice”)

⇒ Mingrelian: ობაღუ(ნ) (obaɣu(n), “to suffice”)

desctree

⇒ Proto-Kartvelian: *beɣ-el- (“barn”)
Proto-Georgian-Zan:
Georgian: ბეღელი (beɣeli)
Zan:
Laz: ბაღუ (bağu)
Mingrelian: ბაღუ (baɣu)
Svan: ბაღ (baɣ)

⇒ Proto-Georgian-Zan: *beɣ-ur- (“sparrow”)
⇒ Georgian: ბეღურა (beɣura)
Zan:
Laz: ბაღულჲა (bağulya), ბაღულია (bağulia) — Alternative spelling
Mingrelian: ბაღჷრე (baɣəre) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

desc

Georgian: ბეღო (beɣo, “shed for sheaves; sparrow”)


ṭq̇wec-

Proto-Georgian-Zan:

Zan:

⇒ Laz: ოტკვაცუ (oťǩvaʒu, “bursting, exploding”), ტკვაცუ(ნ) (ťǩvaʒu(n), “bursts, cracks”)

⇒ Mingrelian: ტყვაცი (ṭq̇vaci, “lightning”), ტყვაცაფი (ṭq̇vacapi, “crackling (of lightning)”), ტყვაცუა (ṭq̇vacua, “thundering”)

⇒ Svan: ლიტყცი (liṭq̇ci, “striking, thrusting, beating”)


ك ث ف

Verbs

Adjectives

كَثِيف (kaṯīf, “thick, dense, compact, viscous”)

مُكَثِّف (mukaṯṯif, “capacitor, condenser”)

مُتَكَاثِف (mutakāṯif, “gathering; concentrating; dense”)

Nouns

كَثَافَة (kaṯāfa, “density”)

related to density, thickness, or condensation


ر س م

Verbs

Adjectives

رَسْمِيّ (rasmiyy)

Nouns

رَسَّام (rassām)

رَسْم (rasm)

رَسْمَة (rasma)

مَرْسَم (marsam)

مَراسِم (marāsim, “ceremonies; etiquette, protocol; customs”)


'-l-k

From Proto-Semitic *halak- (“to go”). Cognate with Arabic ه ل ك (h-l-k) and Biblical Hebrew ה־ל־ך (h-l-k, “related to going”).


ܒ ܢ ܐ

head

ܒ ܢ ܐ • (b n ʾ)

From Proto-Semitic; compare Arabic ب ن ي (b n y), Hebrew ב־נ־ה (b-n-h).

forming words pertaining to building, constructing


'-k-l

From Proto-Semitic *ʔakal- (“to eat; food”). Cognate with Arabic ء ك ل (ʔ-k-l) and Biblical Hebrew א־כ־ל (ʔ-k-l).


س ق ف

سَقْف

Form I: سَقَفَ (saqafa, “to cover with a roof or ceiling”); Verbal noun

سَاقِف

Form I: سَقَفَ (saqafa, “to cover with a roof or ceiling”); Active participle

مُسَقِّف

Form II: سَقَّفَ (saqqafa); Active participle


탁월

탁월하다 탁월하다#Korean

Root of 탁월하다 (tagwolhada). Rarely used alone.


고소

고소하다 고소하다#Korean

Root of 고소하다 (gosohada, “to be fragrant or tasty as sesame oil”). Rarely used alone.


지루

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 지리 (支離, jiri).

ko-etym-nativised

지루하다 지루하다#Korean

Root of 지루하다 (jiruhada, “to be boring, tedious, dull”). Rarely used alone.


ء ث م

ar-root

ء ث م • (ʔ-ṯ-m)

Cognate with Hebrew א־ש־ם (ʾ-š-m) and Ugaritic 𐎀𐎘𐎎 (ảṯm, “to be in debt for”). The origin, beyond its mere presence during Central Semitic unity, is unknown. A relation with و ث م (w-ṯ-m), which refers to some basic idea of compaction, comminution and paucity, is possible: compare the root relation of إِبِل (ʔibil).

related to acts which retard from recompense, hence sin

أَثِيمَة

the habitual commission of acts which retard from recompense

إِثْم

Form I: أَثِمَ (ʔaṯima, “to act in a manner that retards from recompense, to sin”); Verbal noun

Form I: أَثِمَ (ʔaṯima, “to act in a manner that retards from recompense, to sin”); Active participle

تَأْثِيم

Form II: أَثَّمَ (ʔaṯṯama, “to make or consider a sinner”); Verbal noun

مُؤَثِّم

Form II: أَثَّمَ (ʔaṯṯama, “to make or consider a sinner”); Active participle

إِيثَام

Form IV: آثَمَ (ʔāṯama, “to make fall into sin”); Verbal noun

مُؤْثِم

Form IV: آثَمَ (ʔāṯama, “to make fall into sin”); Active participle

تَأَثُّم

Form V: تَأَثَّمَ (taʔaṯṯama, “to become sinful”); Verbal noun

مُتَأَثِّم

Form V: تَأَثَّمَ (taʔaṯṯama, “to become sinful”); Active participle


मंह्

head

मंह् • (maṃh)

sa-root

मंह् • (maṃh)


q̇wed-

Proto-Georgian-Zan: *q̇ud-

Old Georgian:

desc

⇒ დაყუდებაჲ (daq̇udebay, “calming, quieting”)

⇒ საყუდარი (saq̇udari, “abode, dwelling”)

⇒ საყუდელი (saq̇udeli, “abode, dwelling”)

⇒ ყუდროჲ (q̇udroy, “sheltered place; quiet, calm, tranquil”)

⇒ ყუდროებაჲ (q̇udroebay, “tranquillity”)

Zan:

⇒ Laz: ქვაუდე (kvaude, microtoponym, literally “stone-house”)

⇒ Mingrelian: ჸუდე (ʾude, “house”)

→ Georgian: ნოყუდია (noq̇udia) — Shavsheti, Imerkhevi

⇒ Svan: ყუ̂ე̄დი (q̇ûēdi, “quiet, calm, tranquil”)


'-d-š

From Proto-Semitic *ḥdθ- (“to be new”). Cognate with Arabic ح د ث (ḥ-d-ṯ) and Biblical Hebrew ח־ד־ש (ḥ-d-š).

ar-root

ح د ث (ḥ-d-ṯ)