ر ك ك

رَكّ

Form I: رَكَّ (rakka, “to be feeble”); Verbal noun

رَاكّ

Form I: رَكَّ (rakka, “to be feeble”); Active participle

تَرْكِيك

Form II: رَكَّكَ (rakkaka, “to become feeble”); Verbal noun

مُرَكِّك

Form II: رَكَّكَ (rakkaka, “to become feeble”); Active participle

تَرَكُّك

Form V: تَرَكَّكَ (tarakkaka, “to become feeble”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَكِّك

Form V: تَرَكَّكَ (tarakkaka, “to become feeble”); Active participle

اِرْتِكَاك

Form VIII: اِرْتَكَّ (irtakka, “to vacillate, to be infirm”); Verbal noun

مُرْتَكّ

Form VIII: اِرْتَكَّ (irtakka, “to vacillate, to be infirm”); Active participle

اِسْتِرْكَاك

Form X: اِسْتَرَكَّ (istarakka, “to deem feeble”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَرِكّ

Form X: اِسْتَرَكَّ (istarakka, “to deem feeble”); Active participle


ر ق ي

رَقْي

Form I: رَقَى (raqā, “to charm, to bewitch”); Verbal noun

رَاقٍ

Form I: رَقَى (raqā, “to charm, to bewitch”); Active participle

رَقْي

Form I: رَقِيَ (raqiya, “to rise”); Verbal noun

Form I: رَقِيَ (raqiya, “to rise”); Active participle

تَرْقِيَة

Form II: رَقَّى (raqqā, “to raise; to promote”); Verbal noun

مُرَقٍّ

Form II: رَقَّى (raqqā, “to raise; to promote”); Active participle

إِرْقَاء

Form IV: أَرْقَى (ʔarqā, “to ascend; to throw magic upon, to charm; to throw, to cast, to warp”); Verbal noun

مُرْقٍ

Form IV: أَرْقَى (ʔarqā, “to ascend; to throw magic upon, to charm; to throw, to cast, to warp”); Active participle

تَرَقٍّ

Form V: تَرَقَّى (taraqqā, “to rise, to ascend”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَقٍّ

Form V: تَرَقَّى (taraqqā, “to rise, to ascend”); Active participle

مُتَرَاقٍ

Form VI: تَرَاقَى (tarāqā); Active participle

اِرْتِقَاء

Form VIII: اِرْتَقَى (irtaqā, “to ascend, to climb; to measure up to, to live up to”); Verbal noun

مُرْتَقٍ

Form VIII: اِرْتَقَى (irtaqā, “to ascend, to climb; to measure up to, to live up to”); Active participle

اِسْتِرْقَاء

Form X: اِسْتَرْقَى (istarqā, “to ask to apply magic”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَرْقٍ

Form X: اِسْتَرْقَى (istarqā, “to ask to apply magic”); Active participle


ص ب ب

صَبّ

Form I: صَبَّ (ṣabba, “to pour into, to cast”); Verbal noun

صَابّ

Form I: صَبَّ (ṣabba, “to pour into, to cast”); Active participle

صَبَابَة

Form I: صَبَّ (ṣabba, “to be affect by desire, to love heavily and suddenly”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَبَّ (ṣabba, “to be affect by desire, to love heavily and suddenly”); Active participle

إِصْبَاب

Form IV: أَصَبَّ (ʔaṣabba, “to go forward through a slope”); Verbal noun

مُصِبّ

Form IV: أَصَبَّ (ʔaṣabba, “to go forward through a slope”); Active participle

تَصَبُّب

Form V: تَصَبَّبَ (taṣabbaba, “to be poured”); Verbal noun

مُتَصَبِّب

Form V: تَصَبَّبَ (taṣabbaba, “to be poured”); Active participle

تَصَابّ

Form VI: تَصَابَّ (taṣābba); Verbal noun

مُتَصَابّ

Form VI: تَصَابَّ (taṣābba); Active participle

اِنْصِبَاب

Form VII: اِنْصَبَّ (inṣabba, “to be poured”); Verbal noun

مُنْصَبّ

Form VII: اِنْصَبَّ (inṣabba, “to be poured”); Active participle

اِصْطِبَاب

Form VIII: اِصْطَبَّ (iṣṭabba, “to be poured”); Verbal noun

مُصْطَبّ

Form VIII: اِصْطَبَّ (iṣṭabba, “to be poured”); Active participle


ز ج ج

زَجّ

Form I: زَجَّ (zajja, “to throw into”); Verbal noun

زَاجّ

Form I: زَجَّ (zajja, “to throw into”); Active participle

تَزْجِيج

Form II: زَجَّجَ (zajjaja, “to make come out narrow and long; to glaze, to glass”); Verbal noun

مُزَجِّج

Form II: زَجَّجَ (zajjaja, “to make come out narrow and long; to glaze, to glass”); Active participle

إِزْجَاج

Form IV: أَزَجَّ (ʔazajja, “to make receive the protruding end”); Verbal noun

مُزِجّ

Form IV: أَزَجَّ (ʔazajja, “to make receive the protruding end”); Active participle

اِنْزِجَاج

Form VII: اِنْزَجَّ (inzajja, “to suffer the protruding end”); Verbal noun

مُنْزَجّ

Form VII: اِنْزَجَّ (inzajja, “to suffer the protruding end”); Active participle

اِزْدِجَاج

Form VIII: اِزْدَجَّ (izdajja, “to reach the outer extremity”); Verbal noun

مُزْدَجّ

Form VIII: اِزْدَجَّ (izdajja, “to reach the outer extremity”); Active participle

زُجّ

the protruding lower extremity of something

اَزَجّ

having fine eyebrows or feathers or the like protruding

مِزَجَّة

an instrument wherewith eyebrows are taken care of


ن ق د

نُقْد

Form I: نَقَدَ (naqada, “to cast a stealthy glance upon; to separate the goods from the bads, to proceed with harsh judgment against; to pay in cash”); Verbal noun

نَاقِد

Form I: نَقَدَ (naqada, “to cast a stealthy glance upon; to separate the goods from the bads, to proceed with harsh judgment against; to pay in cash”); Active participle

نَقَد

Form I: نَقِدَ (naqida, “to be peel, to be decorticate, to lose one’s outer integrity”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَقِدَ (naqida, “to be peel, to be decorticate, to lose one’s outer integrity”); Active participle

مُنَاقَدَة

Form III: نَاقَدَ (nāqada, “to hold accountable, to have an argument with”); Verbal noun

مُنَاقِد

Form III: نَاقَدَ (nāqada, “to hold accountable, to have an argument with”); Active participle

إِنْقَاد

Form IV: أَنْقَدَ (ʔanqada, “to pay; to put forth leaves”); Verbal noun

مُنْقِد

Form IV: أَنْقَدَ (ʔanqada, “to pay; to put forth leaves”); Active participle

تَنَقُّد

Form V: تَنَقَّدَ (tanaqqada, “to shed the coins, to separate the goods from the bads”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَقِّد

Form V: تَنَقَّدَ (tanaqqada, “to shed the coins, to separate the goods from the bads”); Active participle

اِنْتِقَاد

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَدَ (intaqada, “to separate the goods from the bads, to proceed with harsh judgment against”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَقِد

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَدَ (intaqada, “to separate the goods from the bads, to proceed with harsh judgment against”); Active participle


ن غ ص

ar-root

ن غ ص • (n-ḡ-ṣ)

related to failing of having one’s desire accomplished

نَغَص

Form I: نَغَصَ (naḡaṣa, “to fail of having one’s desire accomplish, to suffer difficulties”); Verbal noun

نَاغِص

Form I: نَغَصَ (naḡaṣa, “to fail of having one’s desire accomplish, to suffer difficulties”); Active participle

تَنْغِيص

Form II: نَغَّصَ (naḡḡaṣa, “to foil, to thwart, to disturb, to bedevil”); Verbal noun

مُنَغِّص

Form II: نَغَّصَ (naḡḡaṣa, “to foil, to thwart, to disturb, to bedevil”); Active participle

إِنْغَاص

Form IV: أَنْغَصَ (ʔanḡaṣa, “to foil, to thwart, to disturb, to bedevil”); Verbal noun

مُنْغِص

Form IV: أَنْغَصَ (ʔanḡaṣa, “to foil, to thwart, to disturb, to bedevil”); Active participle

تَنَغُّص

Form V: تَنَغَّصَ (tanaḡḡaṣa, “to be disquiet, to be disturb”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَغِّص

Form V: تَنَغَّصَ (tanaḡḡaṣa, “to be disquiet, to be disturb”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْغَاص

Form X: اِسْتَنْغَصَ (istanḡaṣa, “to be worried”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْغِص

Form X: اِسْتَنْغَصَ (istanḡaṣa, “to be worried”); Active participle


د ه م

دَهْم

Form I: دَهَمَ (dahama, “to assail, to come sudden over, to hit, to raid, to enter sudden”); Verbal noun

دَاهِم

Form I: دَهَمَ (dahama, “to assail, to come sudden over, to hit, to raid, to enter sudden”); Active participle

دَهَم

Form I: دَهِمَ (dahima, “to assail, to come sudden over, to hit, to raid, to enter sudden”); Verbal noun

Form I: دَهِمَ (dahima, “to assail, to come sudden over, to hit, to raid, to enter sudden”); Active participle

تَدْهِيم

Form II: دَهَّمَ (dahhama, “to darken, to denigrate”); Verbal noun

مُدَهِّم

Form II: دَهَّمَ (dahhama, “to darken, to denigrate”); Active participle

مُدَاهَمَة

Form III: دَاهَمَ (dāhama, “to assail, to come sudden over, to hit, to raid, to enter sudden”); Verbal noun

مُدَاهِم

Form III: دَاهَمَ (dāhama, “to assail, to come sudden over, to hit, to raid, to enter sudden”); Active participle

اِدْهِمَام

Form IX: اِدْهَمَّ (idhamma, “to be or become shady, to be or become darken much”); Verbal noun

مُدْهَمّ

Form IX: اِدْهَمَّ (idhamma, “to be or become shady, to be or become darken much”); Active participle

اِدْهِيمَام

Form XI: اِدْهَامَّ (idhāmma, “to be or become shady, to be or become darken much”); Verbal noun

مُدْهَامّ

Form XI: اِدْهَامَّ (idhāmma, “to be or become shady, to be or become darken much”); Active participle


ب ر ي

related to getting close to something and shaping therewith

بَرْي

Form I: بَرَى (barā, “to pare, to cut into form”); Verbal noun

بَارٍ

Form I: بَرَى (barā, “to pare, to cut into form”); Active participle

مُبَارَاة

Form III: بَارَى (bārā, “to vie with”); Verbal noun

مُبَارٍ

Form III: بَارَى (bārā, “to vie with”); Active participle

إِبْرَاء

Form IV: أَبْرَى (ʔabrā, “to put dust on”); Verbal noun

مُبْرٍ

Form IV: أَبْرَى (ʔabrā, “to put dust on”); Active participle

تَبَرٍّ

Form V: تَبَرَّى (tabarrā, “to come forward, to advance”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَرٍّ

Form V: تَبَرَّى (tabarrā, “to come forward, to advance”); Active participle

تَبَارٍ

Form VI: تَبَارَى (tabārā, “to vie with each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَارٍ

Form VI: تَبَارَى (tabārā, “to vie with each other”); Active participle

اِنْبِرَاء

Form VII: اِنْبَرَى (inbarā, “to be pared; to oppose oneself, to break out and aggress”); Verbal noun

مُنْبَرٍ

Form VII: اِنْبَرَى (inbarā, “to be pared; to oppose oneself, to break out and aggress”); Active participle

اِبْتِرَاء

Form VIII: اِبْتَرَى (ibtarā, “to pare, to cut into form”); Verbal noun

مُبْتَرٍ

Form VIII: اِبْتَرَى (ibtarā, “to pare, to cut into form”); Active participle

بَرَّاء

who works on paring things, shaper, fashioner


पुंस्

head

पुंस् • (puṃs)

sa-root

पुंस् • (puṃs)


خ ب ب

خَبّ

Form I: خَبَّ (ḵabba, “to subside, to sink in; to alight and abode in a depress tract or ground, in order that one’s place might not be known (like e. g. to avoid claims upon one’s hospitability); to be or become deceitful”); Verbal noun

Form I: خَبَّ (ḵabba, “to subside, to sink in; to alight and abode in a depress tract or ground, in order that one’s place might not be known (like e. g. to avoid claims upon one’s hospitability); to be or become deceitful”); Active participle

خَبَب

Form I: خَبَّ (ḵabba, “to trot, to gallop easily; to waw, to undulate”); Verbal noun

خَابّ

Form I: خَبَّ (ḵabba, “to trot, to gallop easily; to waw, to undulate”); Active participle

تَخْبِيب

Form II: خَبَّبَ (ḵabbaba, “to deceive, to seduce, to dupe”); Verbal noun

مُخَبِّب

Form II: خَبَّبَ (ḵabbaba, “to deceive, to seduce, to dupe”); Active participle

مُخَابَّة

Form III: خَابَّ (ḵābba, “to act treacherously towards”); Verbal noun

مُخَابّ

Form III: خَابَّ (ḵābba, “to act treacherously towards”); Active participle

إِخْبَاب

Form IV: أَخَبَّ (ʔaḵabba, “to make trot”); Verbal noun

مُخِبّ

Form IV: أَخَبَّ (ʔaḵabba, “to make trot”); Active participle

تَخَبُّب

Form V: تَخَبَّبَ (taḵabbaba, “to trot”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَبِّب

Form V: تَخَبَّبَ (taḵabbaba, “to trot”); Active participle

اِخْتِبَاب

Form VIII: اِخْتَبَّ (iḵtabba, “to trot”); Verbal noun

مُخْتَبّ

Form VIII: اِخْتَبَّ (iḵtabba, “to trot”); Active participle

خُبَّة

piece of rag; place where water is subsided, between other tracts of land


ن ق ب

نَقْب

Form I: نَقَبَ (naqaba, “to dig, to grave, to bore into”); Verbal noun

نَاقِب

Form I: نَقَبَ (naqaba, “to dig, to grave, to bore into”); Active participle

نَقَب

Form I: نَقِبَ (naqiba, “to teem in hole, to be gappy”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَقِبَ (naqiba, “to teem in hole, to be gappy”); Active participle

نَقَابَة

Form I: نَقُبَ (naquba, “to become a leader”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَقُبَ (naquba, “to become a leader”); Active participle

تَنْقِيب

Form II: نَقَّبَ (naqqaba, “to dig up, to rummage thoroughly”); Verbal noun

مُنَقِّب

Form II: نَقَّبَ (naqqaba, “to dig up, to rummage thoroughly”); Active participle

مُنَاقَبَة

Form III: نَاقَبَ (nāqaba, “to come unexpected upon; to vie with in virtues”); Verbal noun

مُنَاقِب

Form III: نَاقَبَ (nāqaba, “to come unexpected upon; to vie with in virtues”); Active participle

تَنَقُّب

Form V: تَنَقَّبَ (tanaqqaba, “to investigate thoroughly, to scour; to veil oneself; to be gappy, to be full of holes”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَقِّب

Form V: تَنَقَّبَ (tanaqqaba, “to investigate thoroughly, to scour; to veil oneself; to be gappy, to be full of holes”); Active participle

اِنْتِقَاب

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَبَ (intaqaba, “to veil oneself”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَقِب

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَبَ (intaqaba, “to veil oneself”); Active participle

مَنْقِب and مَنْقَب and مَنْقَبَة

pass, mountain path, col; station where one stops

مِنْقَب and مِنْقَبَة

trephine, or a similar instrument for making holes

نَقَّاب

anything that makes holes much; punch; miner


ق م م

قَمّ

Form I: قَمَّ (qamma, “to sweep, to scoop; to make dry, to make withered; to ascend and go into”); Verbal noun

قَامّ

Form I: قَمَّ (qamma, “to sweep, to scoop; to make dry, to make withered; to ascend and go into”); Active participle

تَقْمِيم

Form II: قَمَّمَ (qammama, “to make dry, to make withered”); Verbal noun

مُقَمِّم

Form II: قَمَّمَ (qammama, “to make dry, to make withered”); Active participle

إِقْمَام

Form IV: أَقَمَّ (ʔaqamma, “to go into”); Verbal noun

مُقِمّ

Form IV: أَقَمَّ (ʔaqamma, “to go into”); Active participle

تَقَمُّم

Form V: تَقَمَّمَ (taqammama, “to be on the upper part; to gather together scraping”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَمِّم

Form V: تَقَمَّمَ (taqammama, “to be on the upper part; to gather together scraping”); Active participle

اِقْتِمَام

Form VIII: اِقْتَمَّ (iqtamma, “to devour”); Verbal noun

مُقْتَمّ

Form VIII: اِقْتَمَّ (iqtamma, “to devour”); Active participle


ن ض ر

نَضَارَة

Form I: نَضُرَ (naḍura, “to glisten, to shine, to strike the eye”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَضُرَ (naḍura, “to glisten, to shine, to strike the eye”); Active participle

نَضَر

Form I: نَضِرَ (naḍira, “to glisten, to shine, to strike the eye”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَضِرَ (naḍira, “to glisten, to shine, to strike the eye”); Active participle

نُضُور

Form I: نَضَرَ (naḍara, “to glisten, to shine, to strike the eye”); Verbal noun

نَاضِر

Form I: نَضَرَ (naḍara, “to glisten, to shine, to strike the eye”); Active participle

تَنْضِير

Form II: نَضَّرَ (naḍḍara, “to let glisten, to render shiny, to make strike the eye”); Verbal noun

مُنَضِّر

Form II: نَضَّرَ (naḍḍara, “to let glisten, to render shiny, to make strike the eye”); Active participle

تَنَضُّر

Form V: تَنَضَّرَ (tanaḍḍara, “to green”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَضِّر

Form V: تَنَضَّرَ (tanaḍḍara, “to green”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْضَار

Form X: اِسْتَنْضَرَ (istanḍara, “to deem shiny, to find glistening”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْضِر

Form X: اِسْتَنْضَرَ (istanḍara, “to deem shiny, to find glistening”); Active participle

نَضْر

material of best quality such as that strike the eye (usually gold)


ن ق ر

نَقْر

Form I: نَقَرَ (naqara, “# to strike, to knock, to hack, to dig into, to tap, to peck”); Verbal noun

نَاقِر

Form I: نَقَرَ (naqara, “# to strike, to knock, to hack, to dig into, to tap, to peck”); Active participle

تَنْقِير

Form II: نَقَّرَ (naqqara, “to dig into, to peck, to stipple, to pit”); Verbal noun

مُنَقِّر

Form II: نَقَّرَ (naqqara, “to dig into, to peck, to stipple, to pit”); Active participle

مُنَاقَرَة

Form III: نَاقَرَ (nāqara, “to quarrel with, to peck at”); Verbal noun

مُنَاقِر

Form III: نَاقَرَ (nāqara, “to quarrel with, to peck at”); Active participle

إِنْقَار

Form IV: أَنْقَرَ (ʔanqara, “to abstain”); Verbal noun

مُنْقِر

Form IV: أَنْقَرَ (ʔanqara, “to abstain”); Active participle

تَنَقُّر

Form V: تَنَقَّرَ (tanaqqara, “to search through”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَقِّر

Form V: تَنَقَّرَ (tanaqqara, “to search through”); Active participle

تَنَاقُر

Form VI: تَنَاقَرَ (tanāqara, “to peck at each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَاقِر

Form VI: تَنَاقَرَ (tanāqara, “to peck at each other”); Active participle

اِنْتِقَار

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَرَ (intaqara, “to be dug out; to dig out”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَقِر

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَرَ (intaqara, “to be dug out; to dig out”); Active participle

نُقَارَة

what or as much as the bill of a bird (particularly a نَقَّار (naqqār)) pick

مِنْقَر

something excavated to drink from it; chisel

مِنْقَار

beak, bill; a kind of garden instrument, hack


ح ر ش

ar-root

ح ر ش • (ḥ-r-š)

حَرْش

Form I: حَرَشَ (ḥaraša, “to hunt after; to scratch”); Verbal noun

حَارِش

Form I: حَرَشَ (ḥaraša, “to hunt after; to scratch”); Active participle

تَحْرِيش

Form II: حَرَّشَ (ḥarraša, “to incite; to make rugged”); Verbal noun

مُحَرِّش

Form II: حَرَّشَ (ḥarraša, “to incite; to make rugged”); Active participle

تَحَرُّش

Form V: تَحَرَّشَ (taḥarraša, “to provoke”); Verbal noun

مُتَحَرِّش

Form V: تَحَرَّشَ (taḥarraša, “to provoke”); Active participle

اِحْتِرَاش

Form VIII: اِحْتَرَشَ (iḥtaraša, “to hunt after”); Verbal noun

مُحْتَرِش

Form VIII: اِحْتَرَشَ (iḥtaraša, “to hunt after”); Active participle

مُحْتَرَش

حَرَش and حُرْشَة and حُرُوشَة and حَرَاشَة


ש־ל־ם

From Proto-Semitic *š-l-m. Cognate with Arabic root س ل م (s-l-m).

Forming words pertaining to completion, wholeness, peace.


ن ج ب

نَجَابَة

Form I: نَجُبَ (najuba, “to prosper, to prevail, to be excelling”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَجُبَ (najuba, “to prosper, to prevail, to be excelling”); Active participle

تَنْجِيب

Form II: نَجَّبَ (najjaba, “to beget, to sire, to bear”); Verbal noun

مُنَجِّب

Form II: نَجَّبَ (najjaba, “to beget, to sire, to bear”); Active participle

إِنْجَاب

Form IV: أَنْجَبَ (ʔanjaba, “to beget, to sire, to bear”); Verbal noun

مُنْجِب

Form IV: أَنْجَبَ (ʔanjaba, “to beget, to sire, to bear”); Active participle

تَنَجُّب

Form V: تَنَجَّبَ (tanajjaba, “to produce what is select or excelling”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَجِّب

Form V: تَنَجَّبَ (tanajjaba, “to produce what is select or excelling”); Active participle

اِنْتِجَاب

Form VIII: اِنْتَجَبَ (intajaba, “to pick out, to choose”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَجِب

Form VIII: اِنْتَجَبَ (intajaba, “to pick out, to choose”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْجَاب

Form X: اِسْتَنْجَبَ (istanjaba, “to pick out, to choose”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْجِب

Form X: اِسْتَنْجَبَ (istanjaba, “to pick out, to choose”); Active participle


bʰed-

*bʰód-e-ti (o-grade intensive)

Proto-Germanic: *bataną

desc

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bataz (“good”, past participle) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batizô (“better”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batnaną (“to get better”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batô (“improvement, advantage”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtō (“improvement”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtijaną (“to improve”)(see there for further descendants)

*bʰed-ró-s

Proto-Albanian:

Albanian: betë (“great”)

desctree

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadrás
Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰadrás
Sanskrit: भद्र (bhadrá), भल्ल (bhalla)
Proto-Iranian: *badráh
⇒ Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬜𐬭𐬀 (hubaδra, “fortunate”)

*bʰód-i-s

Proto-Germanic: *batiz (“better”) (see there for further descendants)

*bʰod-ó-s

q

Proto-Celtic: *bodos (“pleasure, satisfaction, good will”) (or *budā < *bʰudʰ-éh₂ < *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”))

Proto-Brythonic: *boð

Old Breton: bodlon

Cornish: both

Middle Welsh: boð

Welsh: bodd

⇒ Proto-Celtic: *bodyā (or *budyā)

Old Irish: buide


ه ذ ي

هَذْي

Form I: هَذَى (haḏā, “to trip, to rave, to be delirious, to hallucinate, to dote; to blather, to smatter, to maunder”); Verbal noun

هَاذٍ

Form I: هَذَى (haḏā, “to trip, to rave, to be delirious, to hallucinate, to dote; to blather, to smatter, to maunder”); Active participle

إِهْذَاء

Form IV: أَهْذَى (ʔahḏā, “to put into deliry”); Verbal noun

مُهْذٍ

Form IV: أَهْذَى (ʔahḏā, “to put into deliry”); Active participle


خ ش ن

ar-root

خ ش ن • (ḵ-š-n)

خُشُونَة

Form I: خَشُنَ (ḵašuna, “to be crude, to be coarse, to be rude, to be uncouth, to be rough, to be hoarse”); Verbal noun

تَخْشِين

Form II: خَشَّنَ (ḵaššana, “to make crude, to make coarse, to render rough”); Verbal noun

مُخَشِّن

Form II: خَشَّنَ (ḵaššana, “to make crude, to make coarse, to render rough”); Active participle

مُخَاشَنَة

Form III: خَاشَنَ (ḵāšana, “to be rough towards, to conduct oneself coarse towards”); Verbal noun

مُخَاشِن

Form III: خَاشَنَ (ḵāšana, “to be rough towards, to conduct oneself coarse towards”); Active participle

تَخَشُّن

Form V: تَخَشَّنَ (taḵaššana, “to show oneself rough”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَشِّن

Form V: تَخَشَّنَ (taḵaššana, “to show oneself rough”); Active participle

تَخَاشُن

Form VI: تَخَاشَنَ (taḵāšana, “to show roughness”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَاشِن

Form VI: تَخَاشَنَ (taḵāšana, “to show roughness”); Active participle

اِخْشِيشَان

Form XII: اِخْشَوْشَنَ (iḵšawšana, “to be rough, to harden oneself, to accustome oneself to coarseness”); Verbal noun

مُخْشَوْشِن

Form XII: اِخْشَوْشَنَ (iḵšawšana, “to be rough, to harden oneself, to accustome oneself to coarseness”); Active participle


ه ذ ر

Fused causative *ša- to the root ذ ر ر (ḏ-r-r).

هَذْر

Form I: هَذَرَ (haḏara, “to delirate, to dote, to talk foolishly; to be talkative; to be very hot”); Verbal noun

هَاذِر

Form I: هَذَرَ (haḏara, “to delirate, to dote, to talk foolishly; to be talkative; to be very hot”); Active participle

هَذْر

Form I: هَذِرَ (haḏira, “to be false, to be idle, to be foolish”); Verbal noun

Form I: هَذِرَ (haḏira, “to be false, to be idle, to be foolish”); Active participle


Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

*bʰédʰh₂-e-ti (root thematic present)

desc

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bestei (“to pierce, stab”)

Lithuanian: bèsti

Latvian: best

Old Prussian: embaddusisi (npl.ptc.pf.act.)

Proto-Slavic: *bosti (see there for further descendants)

*bʰódʰh₂-ey ~ *bʰdʰh₂-énti

Proto-Anatolian:

Hittite: 𒁁𒁕𒀀𒄿 (pád-da-a-i /páddāi/, “to dig”), 𒁁𒁕𒄿 (pád-da-i)

desctree

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bádīˀtei (“to pierce, stab”)
East Baltic:
Latgalian: badeit
Latvian: badīt
Lithuanian: badýti
Proto-Slavic: *bodìti
⇒ Proto-Slavic: *boďati
⇒ Old Church Slavonic: пробождати (proboždati)

Proto-Italic: *foðjō

Latin: fodiō (“to pierce; to dig”)

⇒ Proto-Italic: *fossā (⇐ *fossos (pp.) < *bʰodʰh₂-tó-s)

Latin: fossa (“ditch, trench”)

→ Ancient Greek: φόσσα (phóssa)

→ Old Armenian: փոս (pʻos)

→ Georgian: ფოსო (poso)

Proto-Tocharian: *pāt- (“to plow”)

Tocharian A: pāt-

Proto-Celtic: *bedom (“grave, ditch”)

Proto-Brythonic: *beð

Middle Breton: bez

Cornish: beth

Middle Welsh: bedd

*bʰódʰh₂-r̥ ~ *bʰédʰh₂-n̥s

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰádʰHr̥ ~ *bʰádʰHas

Proto-Iranian: *bádHr̥ ~ *bádHah (“spade, shovel”) (see there for further descendants)

>? *bʰodʰh₂-wo-s

Proto-Celtic: *bodwos (“fight”)

Old Breton: bodou (“crow”)

desc

Middle Irish: bodb (“goddess of death in war”)

Proto-Germanic: *badwō (“battle, fight”) (see there for further descendants)

q

>? *bʰodʰh₂-yó-m (possibly, or perhaps < *bʰh₁-tó-s < *bʰeh₁- (“to warm”))

Proto-Germanic: *badją (“bed, bedding”) (see there for further descendants)

The root is considered to be a member of the so-called molō-present class―roots which conjugate with the early h₂e-conjugation in present and exhibit R(e/o)-ablaut.


س د د

Compare ص د د (ṣ d d), س ط م (s ṭ m), د س م (d s m), د س ر (d s r).

سَدّ

dam, dike; barrier, obstacle, hurdle, bar

سُدَّة

vestibule, forecourt, gateway; charge, power, position, office; canapé, daybed, davenport

سَدِيد

hit the point, targetted, sound, pertinent

سَدّ

Form I: سَدَّ (sadda, “to close up, to seal off; to obstruct, to block, to bar; to repair; to fill up”); Verbal noun

سَادّ

Form I: سَدَّ (sadda, “to close up, to seal off; to obstruct, to block, to bar; to repair; to fill up”); Active participle

سُدُود

Form I: سَدَّ (sadda, “to be right”); Verbal noun

سَادّ

Form I: سَدَّ (sadda, “to be right”); Active participle

تَسْدِيد

Form II: سَدَّدَ (saddada, “to direct, to aim; to pay, to imburse, to direct a payment towards”); Verbal noun

مُسَدِّد

Form II: سَدَّدَ (saddada, “to direct, to aim; to pay, to imburse, to direct a payment towards”); Active participle

إِسْدَاد

Form IV: أَسَدَّ (ʔasadda, “to provide, to bestow, to confer”); Verbal noun

مُسِدّ

Form IV: أَسَدَّ (ʔasadda, “to provide, to bestow, to confer”); Active participle

تَسَادّ

Form VI: تَسَادَّ (tasādda, “to be directed; to be paid”); Verbal noun

مُتَسَادّ

Form VI: تَسَادَّ (tasādda, “to be directed; to be paid”); Active participle

اِنْسِدَاد

Form VII: اِنْسَدَّ (insadda, “to be obstructed; to be clogged”); Verbal noun

مُنْسَدّ

Form VII: اِنْسَدَّ (insadda, “to be obstructed; to be clogged”); Active participle


ح ل و

Form I: حَلِيَ (ḥaliya); Active participle

مُحَلٍّ

Form II: حَلَّى (ḥallā); Active participle

إِحْلَاء

Form IV: أَحْلَى (ʔaḥlā, “to hate”); Verbal noun

مُحْلٍ

Form IV: أَحْلَى (ʔaḥlā, “to hate”); Active participle

مُتَحَلٍّ

Form V: تَحَلَّى (taḥallā); Active participle

مُتَحَالٍ

Form VI: تَحَالَى (taḥālā); Active participle

اِسْتِحْلَاء

Form X: اِسْتَحْلَى (istaḥlā); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحْلٍ

Form X: اِسْتَحْلَى (istaḥlā); Active participle

مُسْتَحْلًى

Form X: اِسْتَحْلَى (istaḥlā)


د خ ن

دَخْن

Form I: دَخَنَ (daḵana, “to emit smoke”); Verbal noun

دَاخِن

Form I: دَخَنَ (daḵana, “to emit smoke”); Active participle

دَخَن

Form I: دَخِنَ (daḵina, “to be smokey”); Verbal noun

Form I: دَخِنَ (daḵina, “to be smokey”); Active participle

تَدْخِين

Form II: دَخَّنَ (daḵḵana, “to smoke”); Verbal noun

مُدَخِّن

Form II: دَخَّنَ (daḵḵana, “to smoke”); Active participle

إِدْخَان

Form IV: أَدْخَنَ (ʔadḵana, “to emit smoke”); Verbal noun

مُدْخِن

Form IV: أَدْخَنَ (ʔadḵana, “to emit smoke”); Active participle

تَدَخُّن

Form V: تَدَخَّنَ (tadaḵḵana, “to be smoked”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَخِّن

Form V: تَدَخَّنَ (tadaḵḵana, “to be smoked”); Active participle

اِدِّخَان

Form VIII: اِدَّخَنَ (iddaḵana, “to emit smoke”); Verbal noun

مُدَّخِن

Form VIII: اِدَّخَنَ (iddaḵana, “to emit smoke”); Active participle

دَاخِنَة

hole with the purpose of smoke emission; chimney


ض ر و

ضَرَاوَة

Form I: ضَرِيَ (ḍariya, “to be addict, to be devoted, to be attach”); Verbal noun

Form I: ضَرِيَ (ḍariya, “to be addict, to be devoted, to be attach”); Active participle

ضُرُوّ

Form I: ضَرَا (ḍarā, “to shed blood, to gush in blood”); Verbal noun

ضَارٍ

Form I: ضَرَا (ḍarā, “to shed blood, to gush in blood”); Active participle

تَضْرِيَة

Form II: ضَرَّى (ḍarrā, “to hound, to attach, to instigate”); Verbal noun

مُضَرٍّ

Form II: ضَرَّى (ḍarrā, “to hound, to attach, to instigate”); Active participle

إِضْرَاء

Form IV: أَضْرَى (ʔaḍrā, “to hound, to attach, to instigate”); Verbal noun

مُضْرٍ

Form IV: أَضْرَى (ʔaḍrā, “to hound, to attach, to instigate”); Active participle

اِسْتِضْرَاء

Form X: اِسْتَضْرَى (istaḍrā, “to delude the prey”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَضْرٍ

Form X: اِسْتَضْرَى (istaḍrā, “to delude the prey”); Active participle

ضَرَاء

tract of land where there are beasts of prey


ك ت م

كَتْم

Form I: كَتَمَ (katama, “to suppress, to hide”); Verbal noun

كَاتِم

Form I: كَتَمَ (katama, “to suppress, to hide”); Active participle

تَكْتِيم

Form II: كَتَّمَ (kattama, “to suppress, to hide”); Verbal noun

مُكَتِّم

Form II: كَتَّمَ (kattama, “to suppress, to hide”); Active participle

مُكَاتَمَة

Form III: كَاتَمَ (kātama, “to conceal before”); Verbal noun

مُكَاتِم

Form III: كَاتَمَ (kātama, “to conceal before”); Active participle

تَكَتُّم

Form V: تَكَتَّمَ (takattama, “to maintain silence over”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَتِّم

Form V: تَكَتَّمَ (takattama, “to maintain silence over”); Active participle

تَكَاتُم

Form VI: تَكَاتَمَ (takātama, “to conceal before each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَاتِم

Form VI: تَكَاتَمَ (takātama, “to conceal before each other”); Active participle

اِنْكِتَام

Form VII: اِنْكَتَمَ (inkatama, “to hide oneself”); Verbal noun

مُنْكَتِم

Form VII: اِنْكَتَمَ (inkatama, “to hide oneself”); Active participle

اِكْتِتَام

Form VIII: اِكْتَتَمَ (iktatama, “to suppress, to hide”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَتِم

Form VIII: اِكْتَتَمَ (iktatama, “to suppress, to hide”); Active participle

اِسْتِكْتَام

Form X: اِسْتَكْتَمَ (istaktama, “to ask to suppress”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَكْتِم

Form X: اِسْتَكْتَمَ (istaktama, “to ask to suppress”); Active participle

كَتَم

name of a plant used to dye hair reddish


م ق ل

related to the bottom and middle whither something goes

مَاقِل

Form I: مَقَلَ (maqala, “to look onto, to introspect; to descend, to run away; to give a bit to drink from the مُقْلَة (muqla)”); Active participle

تَمَاقُل

Form VI: تَمَاقَلَ (tamāqala, “to immerse each other in water”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَاقِل

Form VI: تَمَاقَلَ (tamāqala, “to immerse each other in water”); Active participle

اِمْتِقَال

Form VIII: اِمْتَقَلَ (imtaqala, “to pass water often”); Verbal noun

مُمْتَقِل

Form VIII: اِمْتَقَلَ (imtaqala, “to pass water often”); Active participle

مُقْلَة

middle, centre; eyeball; a pebble that is put into a drinking vessel to mete the water in a group of itinerant


ر ق ع

رَقَاعَة

Form I: رَقُعَ (raquʕa, “to be sottish, to be doltish”); Verbal noun

Form I: رَقُعَ (raquʕa, “to be sottish, to be doltish”); Active participle

إِرْقَاع

Form IV: أَرْقَعَ (ʔarqaʕa, “to speak or act sottishly”); Verbal noun

مُرْقِع

Form IV: أَرْقَعَ (ʔarqaʕa, “to speak or act sottishly”); Active participle

مُتَرَقِّع

Form V: تَرَقَّعَ (taraqqaʕa, “to apply oneself”); Active participle

رَقْع

Form I: رَقَعَ (raqaʕa, “to patch, to cover with fabric”); Verbal noun

رَاقِع

Form I: رَقَعَ (raqaʕa, “to patch, to cover with fabric”); Active participle

تَرْقِيع

Form II: رَقَّعَ (raqqaʕa, “to patch, to cover with fabric”); Verbal noun

مُرَقِّع

Form II: رَقَّعَ (raqqaʕa, “to patch, to cover with fabric”); Active participle

تَرَقُّع

Form V: تَرَقَّعَ (taraqqaʕa, “to apply oneself”); Verbal noun

اِسْتِرْقَاع

Form X: اِسْتَرْقَعَ (istarqaʕa, “to require to be patched”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَرْقِع

Form X: اِسْتَرْقَعَ (istarqaʕa, “to require to be patched”); Active participle


ب خ ر

بَخَر

Form I: بَخِرَ (baḵira, “to have a fetid mouth, to evaporate stench”); Verbal noun

Form I: بَخِرَ (baḵira, “to have a fetid mouth, to evaporate stench”); Active participle

تَبْخِير

Form II: بَخَّرَ (baḵḵara, “to vaporize, to turn into fume; to expose to fume, to fumigate”); Verbal noun

مُبَخِّر

Form II: بَخَّرَ (baḵḵara, “to vaporize, to turn into fume; to expose to fume, to fumigate”); Active participle

إِبْخَار

Form IV: أَبْخَرَ (ʔabḵara, “to cause to have a fetid mouth”); Verbal noun

مُبْخِر

Form IV: أَبْخَرَ (ʔabḵara, “to cause to have a fetid mouth”); Active participle

تَبَخُّر

Form V: تَبَخَّرَ (tabaḵḵara, “to fumigate oneself; to evaporate, to vanish in the form of fume”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَخِّر

Form V: تَبَخَّرَ (tabaḵḵara, “to fumigate oneself; to evaporate, to vanish in the form of fume”); Active participle


ج م ر

See explanations of جَامُور (jāmūr): This term for “heart of palm” borrowed from Aramaic, where senses of “completion, perfection, fulfilment” seemingly original to ideas of heat being collected are attested, but this must have happened already in the Proto-West Semitic past, where this present root was augmented from ج م م (j-m-m).
Neo-Assyrian 𒄖𒈠𒊒 (gu-ma-ru /gumāru/, “charcoal, ember (?)”) is an Aramaic loanword, but the same is not plausible for Arabic جَمْر (jamr, “live coals”) or the Arabic root in general, though CAD wants to separate the word for coal as being borrowed by both Arabic and Aramaic and apparently even Akkadian independently of each other, which is falsified by semantic development expanded upon here.

cog

جَمِير

Form I: جَمَرَ (jamara, “to be cover by heat, to convene into a focal point”); Verbal noun

جَامِر

Form I: جَمَرَ (jamara, “to be cover by heat, to convene into a focal point”); Active participle

تَجْمِير

Form II: جَمَّرَ (jammara, “to collect together; to cense, to fumigate; to roast”); Verbal noun

مُجَمِّر

Form II: جَمَّرَ (jammara, “to collect together; to cense, to fumigate; to roast”); Active participle

إِجْمَار

Form IV: أَجْمَرَ (ʔajmara, “to collect together the common mass”); Verbal noun

مُجْمِر

Form IV: أَجْمَرَ (ʔajmara, “to collect together the common mass”); Active participle

تَجَمُّر

Form V: تَجَمَّرَ (tajammara, “to be collect together; to be enkindled”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَمِّر

Form V: تَجَمَّرَ (tajammara, “to be collect together; to be enkindled”); Active participle

اِجْتِمَار

Form VIII: اِجْتَمَرَ (ijtamara, “to smoke, to fumigate”); Verbal noun

مُجْتَمِر

Form VIII: اِجْتَمَرَ (ijtamara, “to smoke, to fumigate”); Active participle

اِسْتِجْمَار

Form X: اِسْتَجْمَرَ (istajmara); Verbal noun

مُسْتَجْمِر

Form X: اِسْتَجْمَرَ (istajmara); Active participle

جَامُور

heart of palm; a quadrangular piece of wood at the mast of a ship; spire


ز ي ف

related to having something elegant hanging at the border

زَيْف

Form I: زَافَ (zāfa, “to drag an elegant tail behind oneself; to walk in a proud fashion”); Verbal noun

Form I: زَافَ (zāfa, “to drag an elegant tail behind oneself; to walk in a proud fashion”); Active participle

تَزَيُّف

Form V: تَزَيَّفَ (tazayyafa, “to adorn oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَزَيِّف

Form V: تَزَيَّفَ (tazayyafa, “to adorn oneself”); Active participle

زَيْف

ledge, cornice, coping, border, shroud (prominent part of something, hanging from a building or cloth


س ب ي

سَبْي

Form I: سَبَى (sabā, “to captivate”); Verbal noun

سَابٍ

Form I: سَبَى (sabā, “to captivate”); Active participle

تَسَابٍ

Form VI: تَسَابَى (tasābā, “to make each other captive”); Verbal noun

مُتَسَابٍ

Form VI: تَسَابَى (tasābā, “to make each other captive”); Active participle

اِسْتِبَاء

Form VIII: اِسْتَبَى (istabā, “to captivate”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَبٍ

Form VIII: اِسْتَبَى (istabā, “to captivate”); Active participle

سَبًا and سَبَاء and سَبِيّ

piece of wood brought by a body of water from one region to another


م ي ع

مَيْع

Form I: مَاعَ (māʕa, “to flow, to be fluid, to melt forth”); Verbal noun

Form I: مَاعَ (māʕa, “to flow, to be fluid, to melt forth”); Active participle

تَمْيِيع

Form II: مَيَّعَ (mayyaʕa, “to increase the fluidity and let flow, to dilute”); Verbal noun

مُمَيِّع

Form II: مَيَّعَ (mayyaʕa, “to increase the fluidity and let flow, to dilute”); Active participle

إِمَاعَة

Form IV: أَمَاعَ (ʔamāʕa, “to melt, to liquefy”); Verbal noun

مُمِيع

Form IV: أَمَاعَ (ʔamāʕa, “to melt, to liquefy”); Active participle

تَمَيُّع

Form V: تَمَيَّعَ (tamayyaʕa, “to get dilute, to get dissolve, to melt”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَيِّع

Form V: تَمَيَّعَ (tamayyaʕa, “to get dilute, to get dissolve, to melt”); Active participle

اِنْمِيَاع

Form VII: اِنْمَاعَ (inmāʕa, “to get dilute, to get dissolve, to melt”); Verbal noun

مُنْمَاع

Form VII: اِنْمَاعَ (inmāʕa, “to get dilute, to get dissolve, to melt”); Active participle


ط و ر

A variant of ط ي ر (ṭ-y-r), also Classical Syriac ܛ-ܘ-ܪ (ṭ-w-r), other Aramaic and Hebrew ט־ו־ר (ṭ-w-r). An Aramaic borrowing into Arabic is also possible, so that that the verbs are denominal from the noun, compare أَنَى (ʔanā, “to draw near”) from آن (ʔān, “time”) (from a root related to time that can be traced back to Proto-Semitic as can be seen by Akkadian inu (“time”)), and the similar semantics behind تَارَة (tāra, “time”) and تَوّ (taww, “knot; instance”).

طَوْر

Form I: طَارَ (ṭāra, “to hover round about; to approach, to appear before”); Verbal noun

Form I: طَارَ (ṭāra, “to hover round about; to approach, to appear before”); Active participle

تَطْوِير

Form II: طَوَّرَ (ṭawwara, “to bring into a new phase, to develop”); Verbal noun

مُطَوِّر

Form II: طَوَّرَ (ṭawwara, “to bring into a new phase, to develop”); Active participle

تَطَوُّر

Form V: تَطَوَّرَ (taṭawwara, “to enter into a new phase, to evolve”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَوِّر

Form V: تَطَوَّرَ (taṭawwara, “to enter into a new phase, to evolve”); Active participle


म्ना

head

म्ना • (mnā)

sa-root

म्ना • (mnā)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mnaH-, from Proto-Indo-European *mn-eh₂-.


ج ع ر

جَعْر

Form I: جَعَرَ (jaʕara, “to void its dung, to evacuate”); Verbal noun

جَاعِر

Form I: جَعَرَ (jaʕara, “to void its dung, to evacuate”); Active participle

تَجَعُّر

Form V: تَجَعَّرَ (tajaʕʕara, “to bound upon one’s waist a rope of the kind called جِعَار (jiʕār)”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَعِّر

Form V: تَجَعَّرَ (tajaʕʕara, “to bound upon one’s waist a rope of the kind called جِعَار (jiʕār)”); Active participle

اِنْجِعَار

Form VII: اِنْجَعَرَ (injaʕara, “to void its dung, to evacuate”); Verbal noun

مُنْجَعِر

Form VII: اِنْجَعَرَ (injaʕara, “to void its dung, to evacuate”); Active participle

جِعَار

a rope bound upon the waist so as not to fall when drawing water; a mark made on the buttock of an ass by cauterization

جُعْرَة

a mark made on the buttock of an ass by cauterization; a mark made by the rope bound upon the waist so as not to fall when drawing water on the waist

جَارَِة

the place where the farrier cauterizes on the buttock of an ass

جِعْرِيّ

rump, podex; a game by young boys wherein two carry a third over their hands in the middle


वृत्

head

वृत् • (vṛt)

sa-root

वृत् • (vṛt)

From Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”).

अनुवर्तते

follow, pursue, resemble, obey, assent, respect

चक्रवर्तिन्

whose wheels roll everywhere unobstructed; emperor, sovereign of the world

प्रवर्तते

to assume (an office), embrace (a duty), to be promoted

वर्तनि

circumference or felly of a wheel; track of a wheel; path

वर्ती

wrap, bandage, wick, streak, object rolled round

वृत्ति

rolling, way of life, state, existing, being in, business, wages, livelihood


परिवृत्

head

परिवृत् • (parivṛt)

sa-root

परिवृत् • (parivṛt)

Compound of परि- (pari-, “around”) + वृत् (vṛt, “to turn”).

com+

Ā. -vartate ( ep. also °ti) ind. p. -vṛtya, or parī-vartam ), to turn round, revolve, move in a circle or to and fro, roll or wheel or wander about, circumambulate ( acc. ) RV. etc.

( with hṛdi or hṛdaye ) to run in a person's mind MBh.

to return, go or come back to ( acc. ) ib.

(also with anyathā ) to change, turn out different MBh. Kāv

to act, proceed, behave R. : Caus. -vartayati, to cause to turn or move round or back or to and fro MBh. Kāv. etc.

( Ā. ) to roll or bring near ( Subj. -vartayāte ) RV. v, 37 , 3

to overthrow, upset ( a carriage ) Hariv.

to invert, put in a reverse order Mṛcch. v, 9/10 ( read -vartya for -vṛtya )

to change, barter, exchange MBh. Hariv. etc.

to renew ( an agreement ) Mn. viii, 154 etc.

to understand or explain wrongly ( words etc. ) MBh. Kāv

to turn topsy-turvy i.e. search thoroughly R.

( Ā. ) to cause one's self to be turned round ( in having one's head shaved all round ) TBr. ŚBr. ( cf. -vartana ) : Intens. -vávartti, to turn ( intrans. ) continually RV. i, 164, 11


س م د

سُمُود

Form I: سَمَدَ (samada, “to raise one’s head by airy emotion”); Verbal noun

سَامِد

Form I: سَمَدَ (samada, “to raise one’s head by airy emotion”); Active participle

تَسْمِيد

Form II: سَمَّدَ (sammada, “to divert emotion; to manure, to fertilize”); Verbal noun

مُسَمِّد

Form II: سَمَّدَ (sammada, “to divert emotion; to manure, to fertilize”); Active participle

اِسْمِدَاد

Form IX: اِسْمَدَّ (ismadda, “to swell, to intumesce”); Verbal noun

مُسْمَدّ

Form IX: اِسْمَدَّ (ismadda, “to swell, to intumesce”); Active participle

اِسْمِيدَاد

Form XI: اِسْمَادَّ (ismādda, “to swell, to intumesce”); Verbal noun

مُسْمَادّ

Form XI: اِسْمَادَّ (ismādda, “to swell, to intumesce”); Active participle


मृ

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *mer-.

inh+

मार

slaying, killing, destroying; pestilence

मारण

death, slaughter, killing; destruction; slayer


ز ب ر

putting pieces in place (with connotations of stonework, writing, or trimming trees)

زَبْر

Form I: زَبَرَ (zabara, “to case with stones; to write; to prune”); Verbal noun

زَابِر

Form I: زَبَرَ (zabara, “to case with stones; to write; to prune”); Active participle

تَزْبِير

Form II: زَبَّرَ (zabbara, “to write; to prune”); Verbal noun

مُزَبِّر

Form II: زَبَّرَ (zabbara, “to write; to prune”); Active participle

إِزْبَار

Form IV: أَزْبَرَ (ʔazbara, “to become large in body”); Verbal noun

مُزْبِر

Form IV: أَزْبَرَ (ʔazbara, “to become large in body”); Active participle

اِنْزِبَار

Form VII: اِنْزَبَرَ (inzabara, “to be pruned”); Verbal noun

مُنْزَبِر

Form VII: اِنْزَبَرَ (inzabara, “to be pruned”); Active participle

زُبْرَة

morsel, piece; piece of iron; the upper part of the back


ش ع ل

ar-root

ش ع ل • (š-ʕ-l)

تَشْعِيل

Form II: شَعَّلَ (šaʕʕala, “to light, kindle, ignite, inflame, set on fire; to set ablaze, fan”); Verbal noun

مُشَعِّل

Form II: شَعَّلَ (šaʕʕala, “to light, kindle, ignite, inflame, set on fire; to set ablaze, fan”); Active participle

إِشْعَال

Form IV: أَشْعَلَ (ʔašʕala, “to light, kindle, ignite, inflame, set on fire; to set ablaze, fan”); Verbal noun

مُشْعِل

Form IV: أَشْعَلَ (ʔašʕala, “to light, kindle, ignite, inflame, set on fire; to set ablaze, fan”); Active participle

اِشْتِعَال

Form VIII: اِشْتَعَلَ (ištaʕala, “to catch fire, start burning, ignite, burn, flame, blaze, flare up, break out (fire)”); Verbal noun

مُشْتَعِل

Form VIII: اِشْتَعَلَ (ištaʕala, “to catch fire, start burning, ignite, burn, flame, blaze, flare up, break out (fire)”); Active participle

مِشْعَل

a certain thing, used by the Arabs of the desert, made of skins sewed together

اِشْعَال

lighting, kindling, ignition, setting on fire, fanning

اِشْتِعَال

ignition, inflammation, combustion, burning


ع ن ب

مُعَنِّب

Form II: عَنَّبَ (ʕannaba, “to produce raisins”); Active participle

عُنَاب and أَعْنَب

large in the nose; sharp, high, isolated (of a mountain)

عُنْبُب

foremost portion of a torrent, abundance of water

عَانِب

Form I: عَنَبَ (ʕanaba, “to drink wine”); Active participle

تَعْنِيب

Form II: عَنَّبَ (ʕannaba, “to produce raisins”); Verbal noun


meyk-

Proto-Celtic: *mikneti

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: dismegans

Breton: dismeg

Welsh: dirmygu, edmygu, myged

Old Irish: do·meiccethar

Middle Irish: dimicnigid

Latin: micō

Proto-Slavic: *mikati

Lower Sorbian: mikaś

Upper Sorbian: mikać

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *mьčьtъ, *mьčьta (see there for further descendants)


ر خ ص

ر خ ص • (r-ḵ-ṣ)

تَرْخِيص

Form II: رَخَّصَ (raḵḵaṣa, “to allow”); Verbal noun

إِرْخَاص

Form IV: أَرْخَصَ (ʔarḵaṣa, “to make cheaper”); Verbal noun

تَرَاخُص

Form VI: تَرَاخَصَ (tarāḵaṣa, “to be comfy”); Verbal noun

رَخَاصَة

Form I: رَخُصَ (raḵuṣa, “to be soft; to be cheap”); Verbal noun

Form I: رَخُصَ (raḵuṣa, “to be soft; to be cheap”); Active participle

مُرَخِّص

Form II: رَخَّصَ (raḵḵaṣa, “to allow”); Active participle

مُرْخِص

Form IV: أَرْخَصَ (ʔarḵaṣa, “to make cheaper”); Active participle

تَرَخُّص

Form V: تَرَخَّصَ (taraḵḵaṣa, “to be show oneself soft, to remit”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَخِّص

Form V: تَرَخَّصَ (taraḵḵaṣa, “to be show oneself soft, to remit”); Active participle

مُتَرَاخِص

Form VI: تَرَاخَصَ (tarāḵaṣa, “to be comfy”); Active participle

اِرْتِخَاص

Form VIII: اِرْتَخَصَ (irtaḵaṣa, “to reckon cheap”); Verbal noun

مُرْتَخِص

Form VIII: اِرْتَخَصَ (irtaḵaṣa, “to reckon cheap”); Active participle

اِسْتِرْخَاص

Form X: اِسْتَرْخَصَ (istarḵaṣa, “to deem cheap”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَرْخِص

Form X: اِسْتَرْخَصَ (istarḵaṣa, “to deem cheap”); Active participle


د ي ث

Probably originally very occasional verbs secondarily derived from the noun دَيُّوث (dayyūṯ, “cuckold, wittol”).

دِيَاثَة

Form I: دَاثَ (dāṯa, “to be submissive, to be compliant, to be cucked, to be tame”); Verbal noun

دَائِث

Form I: دَاثَ (dāṯa, “to be submissive, to be compliant, to be cucked, to be tame”); Active participle

تَدْيِيث

Form II: دَيَّثَ (dayyaṯa, “to make submissive, to make compliant, to cuck, to tame, to supple”); Verbal noun

مُدَيِّث

Form II: دَيَّثَ (dayyaṯa, “to make submissive, to make compliant, to cuck, to tame, to supple”); Active participle

تَدَيُّث

Form V: تَدَيَّثَ (tadayyaṯa, “to become a pimp to one’s own wife”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَيِّث

Form V: تَدَيَّثَ (tadayyaṯa, “to become a pimp to one’s own wife”); Active participle


ل و ث

لَوَث

Form I: لَاثَ (lāṯa, “to procrastinate, to be tardy or dilatory”); Verbal noun

Form I: لَاثَ (lāṯa, “to procrastinate, to be tardy or dilatory”); Active participle

تَلْوِيث

Form II: لَوَّثَ (lawwaṯa, “to pollute”); Verbal noun

مُلَوِّث

Form II: لَوَّثَ (lawwaṯa, “to pollute”); Active participle

تَلَوُّث

Form V: تَلَوَّثَ (talawwaṯa, “to be pollute”); Verbal noun

مُتَلَوِّث

Form V: تَلَوَّثَ (talawwaṯa, “to be pollute”); Active participle

اِلْتِيَاث

Form VIII: اِلْتَاثَ (iltāṯa, “to tarry, to hesitate; to be turbid, to be blear, to be murky”); Verbal noun

مُلْتَاث

Form VIII: اِلْتَاثَ (iltāṯa, “to tarry, to hesitate; to be turbid, to be blear, to be murky”); Active participle

لُوثَة

impetuosity, languidness, languor, folly

لُوَاث

flour put on the worktop lest the dough stick

لُوَاثَة

who is always sullied, crowd or individual that is always smutty

لَوِيثَة

community of tribe, stem crowded together

مَلَاث and مِلَوْث

a man to which one crowds for his address

related to slow change from one state into another

لَوْث

Form I: لَاثَ (lāṯa, “to twist around, to roll around, to wind”); Verbal noun

لَائِث

Form I: لَاثَ (lāṯa, “to twist around, to roll around, to wind”); Active participle


bʰel-

*bʰel(h₁)-nos (n-participle)

Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“bell”) (*-eh₂ reflex) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bellaną (“to roar”) (see there for further descendants)

*bʰol-so-s (s-stem)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *balsas

Latgalian: bolss (“voice”)

Latvian: balss (“voice”)

Lithuanian: balsas (“voice”)

*bʰl̥- (zero-grade)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *biltei

Lithuanian: bilti (“to speak”)

desc

⇒ Lithuanian: byla (“speech; case, file”)

Old Prussian: billīt, billītwei (“to say, speak”)

Proto-Slavic: *bьltati (“to babble”) (extended with -t-)

*bʰl̥d- (zero-grade, extended with -d-)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bilstei

Lithuanian: bilsti (“to knock, rumble”)

Latvian: bilst (“to utter”) (bildu)

Latvian: bildēt (“to speak”)

Lithuanian: bildėti (“to knock, make noise”)

Proto-Germanic:

>? Middle Low German: bulderen

Unsorted formations

(perhaps) Proto-Tocharian: *päl- (“to praise, commend”)

Tocharian A: päl-

Tocharian B: päl-


bʰel-

Brill Publishers
Rick Derksen
Vladimir Orel

Proto-Albanian: *baltā

Albanian: baltë

*bʰel-g-

Proto-Italic: *folgēō

Latin: fulgeō (see there for further descendants)

*bʰél-g-os- ~ *bʰél-g-es-

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárgas

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰárgas

Sanskrit: भर्गस् (bhárgas)

*bʰl̥-g-ro-

Proto-Italic: *flagros

⇒ Latin: flagrō (“to burn, blaze”)

Proto-Italic: *flagmā

Latin: flamma (“flame”)

*bʰle-g-

*bʰlé-g-e-ti

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegō

Ancient Greek: φλέγω (phlégō)

*bʰlé-g-mn̥

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlegmə

Ancient Greek: φλέγμα (phlégma)

*bʰleyǵ-

Albanian:

Proto-Albanian: *blāukā

Albanian: blokër (“rubbish, trash”)

*bʰolH-o-

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Latgalian: bõls (“pale, dull”)

Latvian: bāls (“pale”)

Lithuanian: bãlas (“white”)

*bʰl̥H-o-

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰalós

Ancient Greek: φᾰλός (phalós)

*bʰḗlH-o- / *bʰl̥-ós

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *bělъ (“white”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *bēlą (“(bon)fire, pyre”)

Unsorted formations

Albanian: bal

Latgalian: blõvs (“dim”)

Latvian: blāvs (“dim”)

Lithuanian: blãvas

Indo-Iranian:

Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: भाल (bhāla, “splendour”)

desctree

Old Armenian: բալ (bal, “fog”)
Armenian: բալ (bal)


bʰel-

*bʰel-ǵʰ-

*bʰl-ew-

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰléwō

Ancient Greek: φλέω (phléō)

⇒ *bʰl-ew-H-

Proto-Italic: *flāō

>? Latin: flō

*bʰél-mn̥

>? Proto-Armenian: (or from the n-stem below)

Old Armenian: բեղմն (bełmn, “semen”)
Armenian: բեղմ (bełm)

Old Armenian: բեղուն (bełun, “fruit, product; semen”), բեղն (bełn)
→ Armenian: բեղուն (bełun) (learned)

q

Pokorny considered a heteroclitic <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*bʰélr̥ ~ *bʰl̥nés</i>

*bʰél-ō ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és (“round object”, n-stem noun) (Pokorny considered a heteroclitic *bʰélr̥ ~ *bʰl̥nés)

desc

Proto-Germanic: *bullô m, *bullǭ f (“ball, bowl”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *bellǭ (“~ knoll”)

Old Norse:

Icelandic: bjalla (“hill”)

⇒ Swedish: fot-bjälle, fota-bjälle (“ankle, heel”)

q

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰə́llōn (with schwa and geminate *ll taken from the oblique stem)

Ancient Greek: *φάλλων (*phállōn)

desc

⇒? Ancient Greek: φάλλαινα (phállaina, “whale”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *bʰól-ō (o-grade)

Proto-Germanic: *ballô, *balluz (see there for further descendants)

Proto-West Germanic: *ballō

Old High German: ballo, bal

Middle High German: balle

German: Ball, Ballen

⇒ *bʰl-ḗn ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós/és (“round body part, penis, testicle?”)

Proto-Germanic: *bulô, *bullô (“bull”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *bʰl̥n-ós

Proto-Celtic: *ballos (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰəllós

Ancient Greek: φαλλός (phallós) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *bʰ(o)ln-is

Proto-Italic: *folnis

q

and/or from <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*bʰelǵʰ-</i>?

Latin: follis (“bag; bellows; ball”) (and/or from *bʰelǵʰ-?) (see there for further descendants)

*bʰol-tos (t-participle)

>? Proto-Germanic: *balþaz (“bold”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

→? Ancient Greek: βαλλίον (ballíon) (from a dialect that preserved the voicing of *bʰ)

Ancient Greek: φάλης (phálēs)

German: Bille (“penis”) (dialectal)


bʰel-

*bʰel-(e)no- (n-participle)

Balto-Slavic:

desc

Proto-Slavic: *bel(e)nъ (“day-dream, henbane”)

Unsorted formations

Old High German: bilsa

Middle High German: bilse

German: Bilsenkraut

Proto-Italic: *feliks

Latin: filix (“fern”)


ك م ن

كُمُون

Form I: كَمَنَ (kamana, “to be hidden, to be abscond, to lie undetected, to reside, to lurk, to bushwhack, to lour”); Verbal noun

كَامِن

Form I: كَمَنَ (kamana, “to be hidden, to be abscond, to lie undetected, to reside, to lurk, to bushwhack, to lour”); Active participle

كُمُون

Form I: كَمِنَ (kamina, “to be hidden, to be abscond, to lie undetected, to reside, to lurk, to bushwhack, to lour”); Verbal noun

Form I: كَمِنَ (kamina, “to be hidden, to be abscond, to lie undetected, to reside, to lurk, to bushwhack, to lour”); Active participle

تَكْمِين

Form II: كَمَّنَ (kammana, “to ambuscade, to bushwhack, to insidiate towards”); Verbal noun

مُكَمِّن

Form II: كَمَّنَ (kammana, “to ambuscade, to bushwhack, to insidiate towards”); Active participle

إِكْمَان

Form IV: أَكْمَنَ (ʔakmana, “to abscond; to insidiate towards”); Verbal noun

مُكْمِن

Form IV: أَكْمَنَ (ʔakmana, “to abscond; to insidiate towards”); Active participle

تَكَمُّن

Form V: تَكَمَّنَ (takammana, “to lour, to hide oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَمِّن

Form V: تَكَمَّنَ (takammana, “to lour, to hide oneself”); Active participle

اِكْتِمَان

Form VIII: اِكْتَمَنَ (iktamana, “to hide oneself; to hide”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَمِن

Form VIII: اِكْتَمَنَ (iktamana, “to hide oneself; to hide”); Active participle

اِسْتِكْمَان

Form X: اِسْتَكْمَنَ (istakmana, “to lie hidden”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَكْمِن

Form X: اِسْتَكْمَنَ (istakmana, “to lie hidden”); Active participle


अभिज्ञा

head

अभिज्ञा • (abhijñā)

sa-root

अभिज्ञा • (abhijñā)

/ɐˈbʱid͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

to recognise, perceive, know, be or become aware of


ء ن ي

إِنًى

Form I: أَنَى (ʔanā, “to come, to draw near”); Verbal noun

آنٍ

Form I: أَنَى (ʔanā, “to come, to draw near”); Active participle

إِنًى

Form I: أَنِيَ (ʔaniya, “to tarry, to be tardy”); Verbal noun

Form I: أَنِيَ (ʔaniya, “to tarry, to be tardy”); Active participle

أَيْن

Form I: آنَ (ʔāna, “to come, to draw near”); Verbal noun

آئِن

Form I: آنَ (ʔāna, “to come, to draw near”); Active participle

تَأْنِيَة

Form II: أَنَّى (ʔannā, “to tarry, to fall short, to flag, to be remiss in respect of the thing”); Verbal noun

مُؤَنٍّ

Form II: أَنَّى (ʔannā, “to tarry, to fall short, to flag, to be remiss in respect of the thing”); Active participle

أَنَاء

Form IV: آنَى (ʔānā, “to defer, to delay, to postpone, to retard”); Verbal noun

مُؤْنٍ

Form IV: آنَى (ʔānā, “to defer, to delay, to postpone, to retard”); Active participle

تَأَنٍّ

Form V: تَأَنَّى (taʔannā, “to act leisure, to act without haste, to be meticulous”); Verbal noun

مُتَأَنٍّ

Form V: تَأَنَّى (taʔannā, “to act leisure, to act without haste, to be meticulous”); Active participle

اِسْتِئْنَاء

Form X: اِسْتَأْنَى (istaʔnā, “to be patient, to wait for”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَأْنٍ

Form X: اِسْتَأْنَى (istaʔnā, “to be patient, to wait for”); Active participle

أَنَاة

patience, serenity, equanimity, meticulousness

أَنِيّ

a thing of which the time has come, a thing which has attained maturity


د س س

دَسّ

Form I: دَسَّ (dassa, “to hide, to abscond, to secrete, to conceal, to bury; to plant, to slip, to smuggle, to infect, to shove, to drill; to complot, to scheme, to intrigue”); Verbal noun

دَاسّ

Form I: دَسَّ (dassa, “to hide, to abscond, to secrete, to conceal, to bury; to plant, to slip, to smuggle, to infect, to shove, to drill; to complot, to scheme, to intrigue”); Active participle

تَدْسِيس

Form II: دَسَّسَ (dassasa, “to insert, to instill, to put in”); Verbal noun

مُدَسِّس

Form II: دَسَّسَ (dassasa, “to insert, to instill, to put in”); Active participle

تَدَسُّس

Form V: تَدَسَّسَ (tadassasa, “to insert oneself, to put in oneself; to be hidden in, to be buried in”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَسِّس

Form V: تَدَسَّسَ (tadassasa, “to insert oneself, to put in oneself; to be hidden in, to be buried in”); Active participle

اِنْدِسَاس

Form VII: اِنْدَسَّ (indassa, “to insert oneself, to creep into, to slip into, to subduct”); Verbal noun

مُنْدَسّ

Form VII: اِنْدَسَّ (indassa, “to insert oneself, to creep into, to slip into, to subduct”); Active participle

دَسَّاس

intriguant, schemer, complotter; Eryx spp. snake


غ ر و

غَرْو

Form I: غَرَا (ḡarā, “to glue, to make adhere”); Verbal noun

غَارٍ

Form I: غَرَا (ḡarā, “to glue, to make adhere”); Active participle

غَرًا

Form I: غَرِيَ (ḡariya, “to adhere, to stick, to be attach, to cling”); Verbal noun

Form I: غَرِيَ (ḡariya, “to adhere, to stick, to be attach, to cling”); Active participle

تَغْرِيَة

Form II: غَرَّى (ḡarrā, “to glue, to make adhere”); Verbal noun

مُغَرٍّ

Form II: غَرَّى (ḡarrā, “to glue, to make adhere”); Active participle

مُغَارَاة

Form III: غَارَى (ḡārā, “to conjoin; to wrangle with”); Verbal noun

مُغَارٍ

Form III: غَارَى (ḡārā, “to conjoin; to wrangle with”); Active participle

إِغْرَاء

Form IV: أَغْرَى (ʔaḡrā, “to make cling, to make adhere; to make love, to make fond, to make desirous; to lure, to tempt, to incite, to instigate”); Verbal noun

مُغْرٍ

Form IV: أَغْرَى (ʔaḡrā, “to make cling, to make adhere; to make love, to make fond, to make desirous; to lure, to tempt, to incite, to instigate”); Active participle

إِغْرَاء

Form IV: أُغْرِيَ (ʔuḡriya); Verbal noun

تَغَارٍ

Form VI: تَغَارَى (taḡārā, “to wrangle in anger”); Verbal noun

مُتَغَارٍ

Form VI: تَغَارَى (taḡārā, “to wrangle in anger”); Active participle


خ ل خ ل

ar-root

خ ل خ ل • (ḵ-l-ḵ-l)

Likely reduplication of خ ل ل (ḵ-l-l) related to transfixation since a leg is put through an anklet.

related to being agitated and losing grip

خَلْخَلَة

Form Iq: خَلْخَلَ (ḵalḵala, “to agitate, to convulse, to stir”); Verbal noun

مُخَلْخِل

Form Iq: خَلْخَلَ (ḵalḵala, “to agitate, to convulse, to stir”); Active participle

تَخَلْخُل

Form IIq: تَخَلْخَلَ (taḵalḵala, “to be agitate, to convulse, to be stir; to become detach, to become slack, to lose grip”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَلْخِل

Form IIq: تَخَلْخَلَ (taḵalḵala, “to be agitate, to convulse, to be stir; to become detach, to become slack, to lose grip”); Active participle


ط م ي

related to getting elevated and inundating

طَمْي

Form I: طَمَى (ṭamā, “to flood over, to inundate, to overflow”); Verbal noun

طَامٍ

Form I: طَمَى (ṭamā, “to flood over, to inundate, to overflow”); Active participle

طُمُوّ

Form I: طَمَا (ṭamā, “to flood over, to inundate, to overflow”); Verbal noun

طَامٍ

Form I: طَمَا (ṭamā, “to flood over, to inundate, to overflow”); Active participle


د ر ب

Possibly this is not even a genuine root but the meanings of “to drill”, “to train” have developed from دَرْب (darb, “path”) from Ancient Greek Δέρβη (Dérbē, “Derbe”), a border town in Lycaonia at the Cilician Gates, since Derbe was a town to be passed for those who were drilled for war against the Greeks. The same even applies to Spain, the Pyrenees being called الدُرُوب (ad-durūb), to be passed for war against the Franks.

دَرَب

Form I: دَرِبَ (dariba, “to accustom oneself”); Verbal noun

Form I: دَرِبَ (dariba, “to accustom oneself”); Active participle

تَدْرِيب

Form II: دَرَّبَ (darraba, “to drill, to train”); Verbal noun

مُدَرِّب

Form II: دَرَّبَ (darraba, “to drill, to train”); Active participle

إِدْرَاب

Form IV: أَدْرَبَ (ʔadraba, “to enter the land of the enemy; to go fight the Greeks”); Verbal noun

مُدْرِب

Form IV: أَدْرَبَ (ʔadraba, “to enter the land of the enemy; to go fight the Greeks”); Active participle

تَدَرُّب

Form V: تَدَرَّبَ (tadarraba, “to train, to exercise”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَرِّب

Form V: تَدَرَّبَ (tadarraba, “to train, to exercise”); Active participle

دَرْبَسَة

Form Iq: دَرْبَسَ (darbasa, “to block, to shut”); Verbal noun

مُدَرْبِس

Form Iq: دَرْبَسَ (darbasa, “to block, to shut”); Active participle

تَدَرْبُس

Form IIq: تَدَرْبَسَ (tadarbasa, “to come forth, to advance”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَرْبِس

Form IIq: تَدَرْبَسَ (tadarbasa, “to come forth, to advance”); Active participle


ث ل ج

ثَلْج

Form I: ثَلَجَ (ṯalaja, “to snow”); Verbal noun

ثَالِج

Form I: ثَلَجَ (ṯalaja, “to snow”); Active participle

ثَلَج

Form I: ثَلِجَ (ṯalija, “to be delight, to be gladden”); Verbal noun

Form I: ثَلِجَ (ṯalija, “to be delight, to be gladden”); Active participle

ثَالِج

Form I: ثَلَجَ (ṯalaja); Active participle

تَثْلِيج

Form II: ثَلَّجَ (ṯallaja, “to freeze, to refrigerate, to cool down”); Verbal noun

مُثَلِّج

Form II: ثَلَّجَ (ṯallaja, “to freeze, to refrigerate, to cool down”); Active participle

إِثْلَاج

Form IV: أَثْلَجَ (ʔaṯlaja, “to reach upon snow; to snow; to cool, to make cold”); Verbal noun

مُثْلِج

Form IV: أَثْلَجَ (ʔaṯlaja, “to reach upon snow; to snow; to cool, to make cold”); Active participle


दम्

From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to tame, domesticate”)

der

दम

दान्त (dāntá, “tamed, broken in, restrained, subdued”)


यज्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ- (“to sacrifice, worship”). See also यजति (yajati) and यज्ञ (yajña).

यज्यु

worshipping, devout; worthy of worship, adorable


भस्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰes- (“to rub, grind”).


युज्

head

युज् • (yuj)

sa-root

युज् • (yuj)

From Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, yoke”). Cognate with Latin iungō whence English junction, join; Ancient Greek ζεύγνῡμῐ (zeúgnūmi, “to yoke”); English yoke.

युग

yoke, team, couple, brace; generation, age

योजन

yoking; harnessing; yojana (unit of distance)

योग्या

preparation, contrivance; exercise, practice; straps, traces

to yoke or join or fasten or harness (horses or a chariot)

to make ready, prepare, arrange, fit out, set to work, use, employ, apply

to offer, perform (prayers, a sacrifice)

to turn or direct or fix or concentrate (the mind, thoughts) upon

to join, unite, connect, add, bring together (to be attached, cleave to)

to bring into possession of, furnish or endow with


जू

From a Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] root shared with Persian زود (zud, “early”) and Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬬𐬍𐬱𐬙𐬫𐬀 (zəvīštya, “the quickest”), possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵewH- (“force, drive”) and thus further cognate with Old Norse keyra (“drive”) and Proto-Slavic *žurìti (“to rage”).

der

to impel quickly, urge or drive on, incite

जवति

to press forwards, hurry on, be quick to impel


ب غ ض

ar-root

ب غ ض • (b-ḡ-ḍ)

بُغْض

Form I: بَغَضَ (baḡaḍa, “to hate”); Verbal noun

بَاغِض

Form I: بَغَضَ (baḡaḍa, “to hate”); Active participle

مُبَغِّض

Form II: بَغَّضَ (baḡḡaḍa); Active participle

مُبَاغِض

Form III: بَاغَضَ (bāḡaḍa); Active participle

إِبْغَاض

Form IV: أَبْغَضَ (ʔabḡaḍa, “to hate”); Verbal noun

مُبْغِض

Form IV: أَبْغَضَ (ʔabḡaḍa, “to hate”); Active participle

تَبَغُّض

Form V: تَبَغَّضَ (tabaḡḡaḍa); Verbal noun

مُتَبَغِّض

Form V: تَبَغَّضَ (tabaḡḡaḍa); Active participle

تَبَاغُض

Form VI: تَبَاغَضَ (tabāḡaḍa, “to hate each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَاغِض

Form VI: تَبَاغَضَ (tabāḡaḍa, “to hate each other”); Active participle


प्सा

head

प्सा • (psā)

From भस् (bhas), whence बप्सति (bápsati).


ق ي ء

قَيْء

Form I: قَاءَ (qāʔa, “to vomit”); Verbal noun

قَاءٍ

Form I: قَاءَ (qāʔa, “to vomit”); Active participle

مُقَيِّئ

Form II: قَيَّأَ (qayyaʔa); Active participle

تَقَيُّؤ

Form V: تَقَيَّأَ (taqayyaʔa, “to vomit”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَيِّئ

Form V: تَقَيَّأَ (taqayyaʔa, “to vomit”); Active participle

اِسْتِقَاءَة

Form X: اِسْتَقَاءَ (istaqāʔa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَقِيء

Form X: اِسْتَقَاءَ (istaqāʔa); Active participle


वी

to go, move, approach (either as a friend i.e. ‘seek or take eagerly, grasp, seize, accept, enjoy’, or as an enemy i.e. ‘fall upon, attack, assail, visit, punish, avenge’)

to set in motion, arouse, excite, impel, move, push

to further, promote, lead or bring or help anyone to


वी

to go apart or in different directions, diverge, be diffused or scattered or distributed or divided or extended


राध्

राध् • (rādh)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HraHdʰ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HraHdʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to think, arrange, accomplish”).

inh

to succeed, accomplish, perform, be accomplished, prosper, thrive, flourish

राद्ध

accomplished, perfected; successful, fortunate

राधस्

favor, bounty; munificence; success; wealth, power

राध्य

to be accomplished, won, propitiated, worshipped


ب ق ر

بَقْر

Form I: بَقَرَ (baqara, “to split, to rip, to rive”); Verbal noun

بَاقِر

Form I: بَقَرَ (baqara, “to split, to rip, to rive”); Active participle

تَبْقِير

Form II: بَقَّرَ (baqqara, “to dig up”); Verbal noun

مُبَقِّر

Form II: بَقَّرَ (baqqara, “to dig up”); Active participle

إِبْقَار

Form IV: أَبْقَرَ (ʔabqara, “to split, to rip, to rive”); Verbal noun

مُبْقِر

Form IV: أَبْقَرَ (ʔabqara, “to split, to rip, to rive”); Active participle

تَبَقُّر

Form V: تَبَقَّرَ (tabaqqara, “to become ripped open”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَقِّر

Form V: تَبَقَّرَ (tabaqqara, “to become ripped open”); Active participle

بَقَّار

somebody who slits, grave-digger, a worker in iron, blacksmith

بَقِيرَة

a بُرْد (burd) which is slit, without sleeves or bosom opening


ق ط ر

قَطْر

Form I: قَطَرَ (qaṭara, “to dribble”); Verbal noun

قَاطِر

Form I: قَطَرَ (qaṭara, “to dribble”); Active participle

تَقْطِير

Form II: قَطَّرَ (qaṭṭara, “to make dribble; to distill; to throw down”); Verbal noun

مُقَطِّر

Form II: قَطَّرَ (qaṭṭara, “to make dribble; to distill; to throw down”); Active participle

إِقْطَار

Form IV: أَقْطَرَ (ʔaqṭara, “to make dribble; to reach the time to drop”); Verbal noun

مُقْطِر

Form IV: أَقْطَرَ (ʔaqṭara, “to make dribble; to reach the time to drop”); Active participle

تَقَطُّر

Form V: تَقَطَّرَ (taqaṭṭara, “to scent oneself; to fall in drops; to drop oneself from height”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَطِّر

Form V: تَقَطَّرَ (taqaṭṭara, “to scent oneself; to fall in drops; to drop oneself from height”); Active participle

تَقَاطُر

Form VI: تَقَاطَرَ (taqāṭara, “to dribble simultaneously; to march in line”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَاطِر

Form VI: تَقَاطَرَ (taqāṭara, “to dribble simultaneously; to march in line”); Active participle

اِقْطِرَار

Form IX: اِقْطَرَّ (iqṭarra, “(of plants) to begin to dry at the stalk; (of camels) to show that it is full by raising the tail and the head”); Verbal noun

مُقْطَرّ

Form IX: اِقْطَرَّ (iqṭarra, “(of plants) to begin to dry at the stalk; (of camels) to show that it is full by raising the tail and the head”); Active participle

اِسْتِقْطَار

Form X: اِسْتَقْطَرَ (istaqṭara, “to want to have it dribble; to distill”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَقْطِر

Form X: اِسْتَقْطَرَ (istaqṭara, “to want to have it dribble; to distill”); Active participle

اِقْطِيرَار

Form XI: اِقْطَارَّ (iqṭārra, “(of plants) to begin to dry on the stalk; (of camels) run away; (of people) be angry”); Verbal noun

مُقْطَارّ

Form XI: اِقْطَارَّ (iqṭārra, “(of plants) to begin to dry on the stalk; (of camels) run away; (of people) be angry”); Active participle

قَطْر

trailer; train (of camels or a railroad train)

قُطْر

region, tract (of the sky or earth); side, flank; aloe wood that is burned to perfume clothes

قِطْر

fusible brass; a kind of streaked fabric

مِقْطَرَة

censer, container where one scents things; stocks

قَطْرَان

fluid pitch, tar; possibly through inter-Semitic borrowing


mel-

*mél-e-ti (thematic present)

Proto-Hellenic:

desc

μέλω, μέλομαι

Ancient Greek: μέλω, μέλομαι (mélō, mélomai, “to worry”)

*me-mól-e (perfect)

Proto-Hellenic:

μέμηλα, μέμβλεται

Ancient Greek: μέμηλα, μέμβλεται (mémēla, mémbletai)

*ml̥-no-s

Proto-Celtic: *mallos

Old Irish: mall (“late”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Italic:

Latin: promellō (“to postpone (a court case)”)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: μέλλω (méllō, “to intend, delay”)


mel-

*mel-δ

Chuvan: малыть (malytʹ)

Omok: мелуръ (melur)

Southern Yukaghir: мэлут (melut)


*(s)méh₂-se-ti (se-present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *māˀsātei (“to wave”)

Lithuanian: mosúoti

Proto-Slavic: *māxàti (see there for further descendants)

*(s)méh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *māˀjatei (“to beckon, wave”)

Lithuanian: móti

Proto-Slavic: *majati (see there for further descendants)

*(s)m(e)h₂-néw-ti (nu-present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *manǫti

Old Church Slavonic: поманѫти (pomanǫti, “to beckon, wave”)

Proto-Hellenic: *mānúō

Ancient Greek: μηνύω (mēnúō, “to notify, betray, announce”)

Proto-Celtic: *smatyeti (“to beckon, nod, gesture”) (equivalent to *(s)mh₂t-yé-ti)

Proto-Brythonic: *ėnmėtjɨd (+ *an- < Celtic *ande-)

Old Breton: enmeitiam

Old Welsh:

Welsh: emneidio

⇒ Old Welsh: enmeituou pl (“a nod, gesture”)

Middle Welsh: amnaid, emneid

Middle Irish: sméitid

Irish: sméid

Scottish Gaelic: smèid


ج ب ي

جِبَايَة

Form I: جَبَى (jabā, “to collect, to levy, to raise”); Verbal noun

جَابٍ

Form I: جَبَى (jabā, “to collect, to levy, to raise”); Active participle

اِجْتِبَاء

Form VIII: اِجْتَبَى (ijtabā, “to choose, to select, to pick out”); Verbal noun

مُجْتَبٍ

Form VIII: اِجْتَبَى (ijtabā, “to choose, to select, to pick out”); Active participle

مَجْبًى

tribute, levy, obligatory source of revenue


خ ل ل

related to holes, defects, and picking and perforation

خَلّ

Form I: خَلَّ (ḵalla, “to become lean or scanty”); Verbal noun

خَالّ

Form I: خَلَّ (ḵalla, “to become lean or scanty”); Active participle

خَلّ

Form I: خَلَّ (ḵalla, “to pierce, to transfix”); Verbal noun

خَالّ

Form I: خَلَّ (ḵalla, “to pierce, to transfix”); Active participle

تَخْلِيل

Form II: خَلَّلَ (ḵallala, “to scour, to toothpick, to poke in; to caulk”); Verbal noun

مُخَلِّل

Form II: خَلَّلَ (ḵallala, “to scour, to toothpick, to poke in; to caulk”); Active participle

مُخَالَّة

Form III: خَالَّ (ḵālla, “to befriend, to act cordial towards”); Verbal noun

مُخَالّ

Form III: خَالَّ (ḵālla, “to befriend, to act cordial towards”); Active participle

إِخْلَال

Form IV: أَخَلَّ (ʔaḵalla, “to fall short of, to omit, to be remiss of; to breach, to violate, to contravene”); Verbal noun

مُخِلّ

Form IV: أَخَلَّ (ʔaḵalla, “to fall short of, to omit, to be remiss of; to breach, to violate, to contravene”); Active participle

تَخَلُّل

Form V: تَخَلَّلَ (taḵallala, “to permeate, to penetrate, to pass through; to happen to be between, to be locate between or to meddle into; to put through, to assert, to pull through”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَلِّل

Form V: تَخَلَّلَ (taḵallala, “to permeate, to penetrate, to pass through; to happen to be between, to be locate between or to meddle into; to put through, to assert, to pull through”); Active participle

تَخَالّ

Form VI: تَخَالَّ (taḵālla, “to be cordial to each other, to befriend each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَالّ

Form VI: تَخَالَّ (taḵālla, “to be cordial to each other, to befriend each other”); Active participle

اِخْتِلَال

Form VIII: اِخْتَلَّ (iḵtalla, “to become defective, to get into a state of disorder; to disturb, to disrupt, to make be of imbalance”); Verbal noun

مُخْتَلّ

Form VIII: اِخْتَلَّ (iḵtalla, “to become defective, to get into a state of disorder; to disturb, to disrupt, to make be of imbalance”); Active participle

خَلَل

gap, breach, interstice, interspace, chink; flaw, imbalance, bug, disturbance, trait of disorder

خَلّة

gap, perforation, breach, gap even in cane or as large as a road; dearth, need; habit, trait, disposition

خُلَّة

cordiality, amity, true friendship, affection

خِلَّة

lace, toothpick, and the like instrument for pick; scabbard, case, wherewith for instance a sword is covered, and a thong fixed onto the extremity of a bow; toothpickweed

خِلَال

toothpick, spit, drill, and other instruments used for pick or perforating

خُلَالَة

what comes forth or falls behind when something is perforate or picked, so after toothpicking, or date left in the roots of branches when the raceme have been collected

خَلِيل

intimate friend, somebody one is cordial with


寂然

hanja form of 적연 (“quiet; tranquil; forlorn”)


ص ن ن

صَانّ

Form I: صَنَّ (ṣanna, “to be fetid, to have a foul odor in the flesh”); Active participle

إِصْنَان

Form IV: أَصَنَّ (ʔaṣanna, “to be fetid, to have a foul odour”); Verbal noun

مُصِنّ

Form IV: أَصَنَّ (ʔaṣanna, “to be fetid, to have a foul odour”); Active participle

صِنّ

urine of the hyrax, which is fetid and was used medicinal

صُنَان

stench of the armpit or other crease of the body


ق ف ف

قُفُوف

Form I: قَفَّ (qaffa, “to ruffle, to shrivel”); Verbal noun

قَافّ

Form I: قَفَّ (qaffa, “to ruffle, to shrivel”); Active participle

إِقْفَاف

Form IV: أَقَفَّ (ʔaqaffa, “to cease to procreate; to stop to have tear”); Verbal noun

مُقِفّ

Form IV: أَقَفَّ (ʔaqaffa, “to cease to procreate; to stop to have tear”); Active participle

اِسْتِقْفَاف

Form X: اِسْتَقَفَّ (istaqaffa, “to be contract and corrugate”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَقِفّ

Form X: اِسْتَقَفَّ (istaqaffa, “to be contract and corrugate”); Active participle


ف ر ط

فَرْط

Form I: فَرَطَ (faraṭa, “to precede, to pass, to outgo, to slip, to shed”); Verbal noun

فَارِط

Form I: فَرَطَ (faraṭa, “to precede, to pass, to outgo, to slip, to shed”); Active participle

تَفْرِيط

Form II: فَرَّطَ (farraṭa, “to send before; to hand over; to forgo, to abandon, to let slide, to slight”); Verbal noun

مُفَرِّط

Form II: فَرَّطَ (farraṭa, “to send before; to hand over; to forgo, to abandon, to let slide, to slight”); Active participle

مُفَارَطَة

Form III: فَارَطَ (fāraṭa, “to vie with to precede or outgo”); Verbal noun

مُفَارِط

Form III: فَارَطَ (fāraṭa, “to vie with to precede or outgo”); Active participle

إِفْرَاط

Form IV: أَفْرَطَ (ʔafraṭa, “to hasten, to make hasten, to properate, to accelerate; to hasten with, to overexploit, to have to much of, to put excessive effort into, to overinvest into”); Verbal noun

مُفْرِط

Form IV: أَفْرَطَ (ʔafraṭa, “to hasten, to make hasten, to properate, to accelerate; to hasten with, to overexploit, to have to much of, to put excessive effort into, to overinvest into”); Active participle

تَفَرُّط

Form V: تَفَرَّطَ (tafarraṭa, “to precede; to get into disorder”); Verbal noun

مُتَفَرِّط

Form V: تَفَرَّطَ (tafarraṭa, “to precede; to get into disorder”); Active participle

تَفَارُط

Form VI: تَفَارَطَ (tafāraṭa, “to vie with another to outgo or precede”); Verbal noun

مُتَفَارِط

Form VI: تَفَارَطَ (tafāraṭa, “to vie with another to outgo or precede”); Active participle

اِنْفِرَاط

Form VII: اِنْفَرَطَ (infaraṭa, “to be dissolved, to break down, to be disintegrate”); Verbal noun

مُنْفَرِط

Form VII: اِنْفَرَطَ (infaraṭa, “to be dissolved, to break down, to be disintegrate”); Active participle

اِفْتِرَاط

Form VIII: اِفْتَرَطَ (iftaraṭa, “to fear not to pass”); Verbal noun

مُفْتَرِط

Form VIII: اِفْتَرَطَ (iftaraṭa, “to fear not to pass”); Active participle

فَرْط

excess, exorbitance, over-; an erect waymark

فَرَط

one who goes forth, or precedes; reward, recompense prepared beforehand

فُرُط

swift horse; a case or affair in which the due limits are exceed; a hill or eminence resembling a mountain

فَرْطَة

a single act of preceding or being hasty

فِرَاط and فُرَاطَة

water that is for the tribe that arrived first at it


gʰedʰ-

*gʰodʰ-éye-ti (causative)

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Latgalian: gadeitīs

Latvian: gadīties

Proto-Slavic: *godìti

*gʰodʰ-o-s

Proto-Albanian: *en-gadā (with intensive prefix *en-)

Albanian: nge

Proto-Germanic: *gadaz

Proto-West Germanic: *gad (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gadás

Latgalian: gods

Latvian: gads

Proto-Slavic: *gȏdъ (see there for further descendants)

*gʰodʰ-r̥

Proto-Germanic: *gadur

Proto-West Germanic: *gadur (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Latgalian: gadīns

Lithuanian: gadynė

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gōdas

Latgalian: gūds

Latvian: guods

Lithuanian: guõdas

Proto-Germanic: *gōdaz


kewk-

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Oleg Trubachyov
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*kewk-éh₁-ti (“eh₁-stative”)

Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *čučati

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kjaukāˀ

Proto-Slavic: *čuka (see there for further descendants)

Albanian: çukë

*kékw-mn̥, *kéwk-mō

desctree

Proto-Germanic: *heuhmô
Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌼𐌰 (hiuhma)

*kówk-o-s

Proto-Germanic: *hauhaz (see there for further descendants)

*kowk-ó-s

Proto-Germanic: *haugaz (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kauk-

Lithuanian: kaũkas

Proto-Slavic: *kuka (see there for further descendants)

Sanskrit: कुच (kuca, “female breast”)


ج و ف

جَوْف

Form I: جَافَ (jāfa, “to be hollow; to reach the interior of”); Verbal noun

جَائِف

Form I: جَافَ (jāfa, “to be hollow; to reach the interior of”); Active participle

جَوَف

Form I: جَوِفَ (jawifa, “to be hollow, to be concave”); Verbal noun

تَجْوِيف

Form II: جَوَّفَ (jawwafa, “to hollow out”); Verbal noun

مُجَوِّف

Form II: جَوَّفَ (jawwafa, “to hollow out”); Active participle

إِجَافَة

Form IV: أَجَافَ (ʔajāfa, “to shut, to close”); Verbal noun

مُجِيف

Form IV: أَجَافَ (ʔajāfa, “to shut, to close”); Active participle

تَجَوُّف

Form V: تَجَوَّفَ (tajawwafa, “to become hollow”); Verbal noun

مُتَجَوِّف

Form V: تَجَوَّفَ (tajawwafa, “to become hollow”); Active participle

اِجْتِيَاف

Form VIII: اِجْتَافَ (ijtāfa, “to enter the interior of”); Verbal noun

مُجْتَاف

Form VIII: اِجْتَافَ (ijtāfa, “to enter the interior of”); Active participle

اِسْتِجَافَة

Form X: اِسْتَجَافَ (istajāfa, “to become spacious, to become wide, to become ample”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَجِيف

Form X: اِسْتَجَافَ (istajāfa, “to become spacious, to become wide, to become ample”); Active participle

جَوْفِيّ

جَوْف (jawf, “hollow, cavity, depression; interior, inner; belly, abdomen; north”, noun)


ء ل و

related to falling short and striving not to fall short

أَلْو

Form I: أَلَا (ʔalā, “to fall short, to neglect; to refrain, to desist”); Verbal noun

آلٍ

Form I: أَلَا (ʔalā, “to fall short, to neglect; to refrain, to desist”); Active participle

أَلًى

Form I: أَلِيَ (ʔaliya, “to have a fat tail”); Verbal noun

Form I: أَلِيَ (ʔaliya, “to have a fat tail”); Active participle

إِيلَاء

Form IV: آلَى (ʔālā, “to swear, to vow”); Verbal noun

مُؤْلٍ

Form IV: آلَى (ʔālā, “to swear, to vow”); Active participle

اِئْتِلَاء

Form VIII: اِئْتَلَى (iʔtalā, “to fall short; to desist; to swear”); Verbal noun

مُؤْتَلٍ

Form VIII: اِئْتَلَى (iʔtalā, “to fall short; to desist; to swear”); Active participle

أَلِيَّة

√ *أَلِيوَة (*ʔalīwa)


م ت ن

مَتَانَة

Form I: مَتُنَ (matuna, “to be firm, to be solid, to be sturdy”); Verbal noun

Form I: مَتُنَ (matuna, “to be firm, to be solid, to be sturdy”); Active participle

مَتْن

Form I: مَتَنَ (matana, “to hit hard, to strike strong; to hit on the back”); Verbal noun

مَاتِن

Form I: مَتَنَ (matana, “to hit hard, to strike strong; to hit on the back”); Active participle

تَمْتِين

Form II: مَتَّنَ (mattana, “to strengthen, to solidify, to make sturdier, to render stout”); Verbal noun

مُمَتِّن

Form II: مَتَّنَ (mattana, “to strengthen, to solidify, to make sturdier, to render stout”); Active participle

مُمَاتَنَة

Form III: مَاتَنَ (mātana, “to be similar in firmity, to catch up to in sturdiness”); Verbal noun

مُمَاتِن

Form III: مَاتَنَ (mātana, “to be similar in firmity, to catch up to in sturdiness”); Active participle

مَتْن

back, ridge, or specifically the erector spinae muscle; the core part of something; body, text without note; text; operative part; parenchyma; surface; board, deck


Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

*h₂méygʷ-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Hellenic: *améigʷō

Ancient Greek: ἀμείβω (ameíbō)
Greek: αμείβω (ameívo)

Proto-Italic: *migros

⇒ Latin: migrō (“to wander”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

→? Proto-Uralic: *mixe- (see there for further descendants)


ه د ر

Compare also هَرَّ (harra, “to bray”), هُرّ (hurr, “great quantity of water or milk”).

هَدْر

Form I: هَدَرَ (hadara, “to rumble, to roar, to shout, to rut, to bubble, to growl; to seethe, to boil, to simmer, to scald; to be spill, to run off, to go amiss, to vanish to no avail”); Verbal noun

هَادِر

Form I: هَدَرَ (hadara, “to rumble, to roar, to shout, to rut, to bubble, to growl; to seethe, to boil, to simmer, to scald; to be spill, to run off, to go amiss, to vanish to no avail”); Active participle

تَهْدِير

Form II: هَدَّرَ (haddara, “to rumble, to roar, to shout, to rut, to growl”); Verbal noun

مُهَدِّر

Form II: هَدَّرَ (haddara, “to rumble, to roar, to shout, to rut, to growl”); Active participle

إِهْدَار

Form IV: أَهْدَرَ (ʔahdara, “to permit to run off, to let flow away, to let go waste, to relinquish, to muck up, to let go miss; to flout, to disregard, to dismiss”); Verbal noun

مُهْدِر

Form IV: أَهْدَرَ (ʔahdara, “to permit to run off, to let flow away, to let go waste, to relinquish, to muck up, to let go miss; to flout, to disregard, to dismiss”); Active participle

تَهَادُر

Form VI: تَهَادَرَ (tahādara, “to fight against each other and let blood be shed uselessly”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَادِر

Form VI: تَهَادَرَ (tahādara, “to fight against each other and let blood be shed uselessly”); Active participle

اِهْدِيدَار

Form XII: اِهْدَوْدَرَ (ihdawdara, “to gush copiously, to splurge”); Verbal noun

مُهْدَوْدِر

Form XII: اِهْدَوْدَرَ (ihdawdara, “to gush copiously, to splurge”); Active participle

هَدّار

rumbling, bubbling, boiling; waterfall, weir


ج ل ف

related to stripping, paring, peeling, husking, pulling, plucking

جَلْف

Form I: جَلَفَ (jalafa, “to strip, to pare, to peel, to husk, to pull, to pluck”); Verbal noun

جَالِف

Form I: جَلَفَ (jalafa, “to strip, to pare, to peel, to husk, to pull, to pluck”); Active participle

تَجَلُّف

Form V: تَجَلَّفَ (tajallafa); Verbal noun

مُتَجَلِّف

Form V: تَجَلَّفَ (tajallafa); Active participle

اِجْتِلَاف

Form VIII: اِجْتَلَفَ (ijtalafa); Verbal noun

مُجْتَلِف

Form VIII: اِجْتَلَفَ (ijtalafa); Active participle

جَلْفَة

the spot of the feather where it is pared

جَالِفَة

a wound causing the flesh to be decorticated


ء ذ ي

ar-root

ء ذ ي • (ʔ-ḏ-y)

Form I: أَذِيَ (ʔaḏiya); Active participle

مُؤَذٍّ

Form II: أَذَّى (ʔaḏḏā); Active participle

مُؤَذًّى

Form II: أَذَّى (ʔaḏḏā)

مُتَأَذٍّ

Form V: تَأَذَّى (taʔaḏḏā); Active participle

مُتَأَذًّى

Form V: تَأَذَّى (taʔaḏḏā)


ق ص ر

From Proto-Semitic [Term?]. Compare Hebrew ק־צ־ר.

قَاصِر

Form I: قَصَرَ (qaṣara); Active participle

مَقْصُور

Form I: قَصِرَ (qaṣira, “to become short”)

قَصَارَة

Form I: قَصُرَ (qaṣura, “to become short”); Verbal noun

تَقْصِير

Form II: قَصَّرَ (qaṣṣara, “to shorten”); Verbal noun

مُقَصِّر

Form II: قَصَّرَ (qaṣṣara, “to shorten”); Active participle

إِقْصَار

Form IV: أَقْصَرَ (ʔaqṣara); Verbal noun

مُقْصِر

Form IV: أَقْصَرَ (ʔaqṣara); Active participle

اِقْتِصَار

Form VIII: اِقْتَصَرَ (iqtaṣara); Verbal noun

مُقْتَصِر

Form VIII: اِقْتَصَرَ (iqtaṣara); Active participle

اِسْتِقْصَار

Form X: اِسْتَقْصَرَ (istaqṣara); Verbal noun

مُسْتَقْصِر

Form X: اِسْتَقْصَرَ (istaqṣara); Active participle


*h₁éǵ-mi ~ *h₁ǵ-énti (athematic root present)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἠμί (ēmí)

*h₁ǵ-yé-ti (yé-present)

Proto-Italic: *agjō

Latin: aiō

Proto-Tocharian: *āks-

Tocharian A: āks-

Tocharian B: āks-

*h₁e-h₁óǵ-h₂e (perfect)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: (ἄν)ωγα ((án)ōga)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HaHā́ȷ́Ha

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: आह (āha)

Proto-Italic:

Latin: (prōd)igium

Unsorted formations:

Latin: axō (< *aksāō)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian B: aksaṣṣuki

Old Armenian: ասեմ (asem)


gelH-

*golH-o-s

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *golъ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Albanian: *gāla

Albanian: guall

desctree

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galˀwā́ˀ
East Baltic:
Latgalian: golva
Latvian: gal̂va
Lithuanian: galvà
West Baltic:
Old Prussian: gallū, galwo
Sudovian: kałfa
Proto-Slavic: *golvà (see there for further descendants)

*golH-wo-s

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galˀwas

Proto-Slavic: *golvъ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *kalwaz (see there for further descendants)

Formally unable to be related to Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H- (“bald, naked”); however, the superficial phonetic and semantic resemblance of the two roots, as well as the existence of words meaning "bald" (a non-basic vocabulary term) in various descendants of both roots via the same suffixing pattern of -wó-s, is striking.


gnewH-

*gnuH-yé-ti (yé-present)

Proto-Germanic: *knūjaną (see there for further descendants)

*gnowH-éye-ti (??)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gnjawīˀtei

Proto-Slavic:

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: gnjáviti


ن و ر

مُنَوِّر

Form II: نَوَّرَ (nawwara); Active participle

مُنَاوِر

Form III: نَاوَرَ (nāwara); Active participle

مُنِير

Form IV: أَنَارَ (ʔanāra); Active participle

تَنَوُّر

Form V: تَنَوَّرَ (tanawwara); Verbal noun

مُتَنَوِّر

Form V: تَنَوَّرَ (tanawwara); Active participle

اِسْتِنَارَة

Form X: اِسْتَنَارَ (istanāra); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنِير

Form X: اِسْتَنَارَ (istanāra); Active participle


ط م س

طَمْس

Form I: طَمَسَ (ṭamasa, “to obliterate, to blur, to mask, to efface; to blind”); Verbal noun

طَامِس

Form I: طَمَسَ (ṭamasa, “to obliterate, to blur, to mask, to efface; to blind”); Active participle

طَمْس

Form I: طَمَسَ (ṭamasa, “to become obliterate, to get blur, to be mask, to be efface”); Verbal noun

طَامِس

Form I: طَمَسَ (ṭamasa, “to become obliterate, to get blur, to be mask, to be efface”); Active participle

تَطْمِيس

Form II: طَمَّسَ (ṭammasa, “to blind”); Verbal noun

مُطَمِّس

Form II: طَمَّسَ (ṭammasa, “to blind”); Active participle

إِطْمَاس

Form IV: أَطْمَسَ (ʔaṭmasa, “to annihilate, to efface; to blind”); Verbal noun

مُطْمِس

Form IV: أَطْمَسَ (ʔaṭmasa, “to annihilate, to efface; to blind”); Active participle

اِنْطِمَاس

Form VII: اِنْطَمَسَ (inṭamasa, “to become obliterate, to get blur, to be mask, to be efface”); Verbal noun

مُنْطَمِس

Form VII: اِنْطَمَسَ (inṭamasa, “to become obliterate, to get blur, to be mask, to be efface”); Active participle


ط م ر

The meaning “to bury” can be shed as an Aramaism, having encroached via مَطْمُورَة (maṭmūra).

related to rising upwards with one’s flat surface, intumescence, leaping

طَمْر

Form I: طَمَرَ (ṭamara, “to rise, to leap upwards, to spring”); Verbal noun

طَامِر

Form I: طَمَرَ (ṭamara, “to rise, to leap upwards, to spring”); Active participle

طَمَر

Form I: طَمِرَ (ṭamira, “to become inflated, to become swollen”); Verbal noun

Form I: طَمِرَ (ṭamira, “to become inflated, to become swollen”); Active participle

طَمْر

Form I: طَمَرَ (ṭamara, “to bury, to landfill, to embed, to inter, to slam”); Verbal noun

طَامِر

Form I: طَمَرَ (ṭamara, “to bury, to landfill, to embed, to inter, to slam”); Active participle

تَطْمِير

Form II: طَمَّرَ (ṭammara, “to fold up, to roll up; to groom, to currycomb”); Verbal noun

مُطَمِّر

Form II: طَمَّرَ (ṭammara, “to fold up, to roll up; to groom, to currycomb”); Active participle

تَطَمُّر

Form V: تَطَمَّرَ (taṭammara, “to be hidden, to be tucked away”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَمِّر

Form V: تَطَمَّرَ (taṭammara, “to be hidden, to be tucked away”); Active participle

اِطِّمَار

Form VIII: اِطَّمَرَ (iṭṭamara, “to leap upon”); Verbal noun

مُطَّمِر

Form VIII: اِطَّمَرَ (iṭṭamara, “to leap upon”); Active participle


ب ي ض

It is debated whether the original sense was "white" or "egg". For cognates meaning "egg", see بَيْض (bayḍ).

تَبَيُّض

Form V: تَبَيَّضَ (tabayyaḍa); Verbal noun

اِبْيِضَاض

Form IX: اِبْيَضَّ (ibyaḍḍa); Verbal noun

اِبْيِيضَاض

Form XI: اِبْيَاضَّ (ibyāḍḍa); Verbal noun

مُبَيِّض

Form II: بَيَّضَ (bayyaḍa); Active participle

مُتَبَيِّض

Form V: تَبَيَّضَ (tabayyaḍa); Active participle

مُبْيَضّ

Form IX: اِبْيَضَّ (ibyaḍḍa); Active participle

مُبْيَاضّ

Form XI: اِبْيَاضَّ (ibyāḍḍa); Active participle


غ ف ر

تَغْفِير

Form II: غَفَّرَ (ḡaffara, “to escort”); Verbal noun

مُغَفِّر

Form II: غَفَّرَ (ḡaffara, “to escort”); Active participle

إِغْفَار

Form IV: أَغْفَرَ (ʔaḡfara, “to produce small herbage”); Verbal noun

مُغْفِر

Form IV: أَغْفَرَ (ʔaḡfara, “to produce small herbage”); Active participle

تَغَفُّر

Form V: تَغَفَّرَ (taḡaffara); Verbal noun

مُتَغَفِّر

Form V: تَغَفَّرَ (taḡaffara); Active participle

تَغَافُر

Form VI: تَغَافَرَ (taḡāfara); Verbal noun

مُتَغَافِر

Form VI: تَغَافَرَ (taḡāfara); Active participle

غُفْر

young of a bovine antelope or mountain goat

غَفْر

Form I: غَفَرَ (ḡafara, “to cover”); Verbal noun

غَافِر

Form I: غَفَرَ (ḡafara, “to cover”); Active participle

(figurative) related to remission, forgiveness

غَفْر

Form I: غَفَرَ (ḡafara, “to forgive”); Verbal noun

غَافِر

Form I: غَفَرَ (ḡafara, “to forgive”); Active participle

اِغْتِفَار

Form VIII: اِغْتَفَرَ (iḡtafara, “to forgive”); Verbal noun

مُغْتَفِر

Form VIII: اِغْتَفَرَ (iḡtafara, “to forgive”); Active participle

اِسْتِغْفَار

Form X: اِسْتَغْفَرَ (istaḡfara, “to ask to remit”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَغْفِر

Form X: اِسْتَغْفَرَ (istaḡfara, “to ask to remit”); Active participle


seyt-

*séyt-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Germanic: *sīþaną

Old Norse: síða

Proto-Germanic: *sidnō

⇒ Old English: -siden

*soyt-ó-s


ص و م

مُصَوِّم

Form II: صَوَّمَ (ṣawwama); Active participle

اِصْطِيَام

Form VIII: اِصْطَامَ (iṣṭāma); Verbal noun

مُصْطَام

Form VIII: اِصْطَامَ (iṣṭāma); Active participle


ح ز ن

Maltese: ħ-ż-n

إِحْزَان

Form IV: أَحْزَنَ (ʔaḥzana); Verbal noun

تَحَزُّن

Form V: تَحَزَّنَ (taḥazzana); Verbal noun

تَحَازُن

Form VI: تَحَازَنَ (taḥāzana); Verbal noun

مُحْزِن

Form I: حَزَنَ (ḥazana); Active participle

مُحْزِن

Form IV: أَحْزَنَ (ʔaḥzana); Active participle

مُتَحَزِّن

Form V: تَحَزَّنَ (taḥazzana); Active participle

مُتَحَازِن

Form VI: تَحَازَنَ (taḥāzana); Active participle


د ر ج

دَرْج

Form I: دَرَجَ (daraja, “to toddle”); Verbal noun

دَارِج

Form I: دَرَجَ (daraja, “to toddle”); Active participle

تَدْرِيج

Form II: دَرَّجَ (darraja, “to popularize”); Verbal noun

مُدَرِّج

Form II: دَرَّجَ (darraja, “to popularize”); Active participle

إِدْرَاج

Form IV: أَدْرَجَ (ʔadraja, “to incorporate”); Verbal noun

مُدْرِج

Form IV: أَدْرَجَ (ʔadraja, “to incorporate”); Active participle

تَدَرُّج

Form V: تَدَرَّجَ (tadarraja); Verbal noun

مُتَدَرِّج

Form V: تَدَرَّجَ (tadarraja); Active participle

اِنْدِرَاج

Form VII: اِنْدَرَجَ (indaraja); Verbal noun

مُنْدَرِج

Form VII: اِنْدَرَجَ (indaraja); Active participle

اِسْتِدْرَاج

Form X: اِسْتَدْرَجَ (istadraja, “to lure”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَدْرِج

Form X: اِسْتَدْرَجَ (istadraja, “to lure”); Active participle


ر ع ب

رَاعِب

Form I: رَعَبَ (raʕaba); Active participle

مُرَعِّب

Form II: رَعَّبَ (raʕʕaba); Active participle

إِرْعَاب

Form IV: أَرْعَبَ (ʔarʕaba, “to terrify”); Verbal noun

مُرْعِب

Form IV: أَرْعَبَ (ʔarʕaba, “to terrify”); Active participle

اِرْتِعَاب

Form VIII: اِرْتَعَبَ (irtaʕaba); Verbal noun

مُرْتَعِب

Form VIII: اِرْتَعَبَ (irtaʕaba); Active participle


착

Perhaps from Manchu. See 착하다 (chakhada) for more.

Root of 착하다 (chakhada, “to be kind, to be nice”). Rarely used alone.


ز م ن

مُزَامَنَة

Form III: زَامَنَ (zāmana, “to be contemporary to”); Verbal noun

مُزَامِن

Form III: زَامَنَ (zāmana, “to be contemporary to”); Active participle

إِزْمَان

Form IV: أَزْمَنَ (ʔazmana); Verbal noun

مُزْمِن

Form IV: أَزْمَنَ (ʔazmana); Active participle

تَزَمُّن

Form V: تَزَمَّنَ (tazammana); Verbal noun

مُتَزَمِّن

Form V: تَزَمَّنَ (tazammana); Active participle

تَزَامُن

Form VI: تَزَامَنَ (tazāmana, “to occur at the same time; to exist at the same time”); Verbal noun

مُتَزَامِن

Form VI: تَزَامَنَ (tazāmana, “to occur at the same time; to exist at the same time”); Active participle


ط و ي

طَيّ

Form I: طَوَى (ṭawā, “to fold, to roll up; to conclude, to finish; to cache, to put away: to intend, to be destine to, to be commit towards”); Verbal noun

طَاوٍ

Form I: طَوَى (ṭawā, “to fold, to roll up; to conclude, to finish; to cache, to put away: to intend, to be destine to, to be commit towards”); Active participle

طَوًى

Form I: طَوِيَ (ṭawiya, “to be fold; to be hungry, to starve”); Verbal noun

Form I: طَوِيَ (ṭawiya, “to be fold; to be hungry, to starve”); Active participle

إِطْوَاء

Form IV: أَطْوَى (ʔaṭwā, “to fold, to curl”); Verbal noun

مُطْوٍ

Form IV: أَطْوَى (ʔaṭwā, “to fold, to curl”); Active participle

تَطَوٍّ

Form V: تَطَوَّى (taṭawwā, “to be folded up, to be rolled up”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَوٍّ

Form V: تَطَوَّى (taṭawwā, “to be folded up, to be rolled up”); Active participle

اِنْطِوَاء

Form VII: اِنْطَوَى (inṭawā, “to be fold, to be rolled up; to be conceal, to vanish, to disappear; to involve, to integrate, to entail, to pose, to conceive in itself; to be withdrawn, to be shut-in, to be a loner, to keep to oneself; to be reserved; to be introverted, to be an autist”); Verbal noun

مُنْطَوٍ

Form VII: اِنْطَوَى (inṭawā, “to be fold, to be rolled up; to be conceal, to vanish, to disappear; to involve, to integrate, to entail, to pose, to conceive in itself; to be withdrawn, to be shut-in, to be a loner, to keep to oneself; to be reserved; to be introverted, to be an autist”); Active participle

طَوِيّة

fold, crease; inner, place where one tucks away aught, conscience

طَوِيّ

foldable, pliable, flexible, supple, bendable; slender; bundle of garment, cloth together; well case in the inner with brick

طِيَّة

mode of fold, manner of creasing; intention, plan

مِطْوًى

fold, flap, plica; winder for thread, a thing upon which spun thread or paper is wound; switchblade, jackknife, penknife


ه ر ش

هَرْش

Form I: هَرَشَ (haraša, “to scratch, to itch”); Verbal noun

هَارِش

Form I: هَرَشَ (haraša, “to scratch, to itch”); Active participle

هَرَش

Form I: هَرِشَ (hariša, “to be or become grave in disposition, to be adverse”); Verbal noun

Form I: هَرِشَ (hariša, “to be or become grave in disposition, to be adverse”); Active participle

تَهْرِيش

Form II: هَرَّشَ (harraša, “to instigate, to sow discord, to excite strife amongst”); Verbal noun

مُهَرِّش

Form II: هَرَّشَ (harraša, “to instigate, to sow discord, to excite strife amongst”); Active participle

مُهَارَشَة

Form III: هَارَشَ (hāraša, “to quarrel, to frolic with, to tease, to have some rough play with, to banter toward”); Verbal noun

مُهَارِش

Form III: هَارَشَ (hāraša, “to quarrel, to frolic with, to tease, to have some rough play with, to banter toward”); Active participle

تَهَارُش

Form VI: تَهَارَشَ (tahāraša, “to quarrel with each other, to banter”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَارِش

Form VI: تَهَارَشَ (tahāraša, “to quarrel with each other, to banter”); Active participle


ه ر س

هَرْس

Form I: هَرَسَ (harasa, “to crush, to pound, to grind, to squash”); Verbal noun

هَارِس

Form I: هَرَسَ (harasa, “to crush, to pound, to grind, to squash”); Active participle

تَهْرِيس

Form II: هَرَّسَ (harrasa, “to crush, to pound, to grind, to squash”); Verbal noun

مُهَرِّس

Form II: هَرَّسَ (harrasa, “to crush, to pound, to grind, to squash”); Active participle

تَهَرُّس

Form V: تَهَرَّسَ (taharrasa, “to be crush, to be pound, to be ground, to be squash”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَرِّس

Form V: تَهَرَّسَ (taharrasa, “to be crush, to be pound, to be ground, to be squash”); Active participle

اِنْهِرَاس

Form VII: اِنْهَرَسَ (inharasa, “to be crush, to be pound, to be ground, to be squash”); Verbal noun

مُنْهَرِس

Form VII: اِنْهَرَسَ (inharasa, “to be crush, to be pound, to be ground, to be squash”); Active participle

هَرِيس

mush, mash, kasha, puree, jumble, ground foodstuff

هَرَّاسَة

steamroller, drumroller; masher, crusher, device to squash


ث ق ل

Form I: ثَقُلَ (ṯaqula); Active participle

ثَاقِل

Form I: ثَقَلَ (ṯaqala); Active participle

إِثْقَال

Form IV: أَثْقَلَ (ʔaṯqala); Verbal noun

مُثْقِل

Form IV: أَثْقَلَ (ʔaṯqala); Active participle

تَثَقُّل

Form V: تَثَقَّلَ (taṯaqqala); Verbal noun

مُتَثَقِّل

Form V: تَثَقَّلَ (taṯaqqala); Active participle

تَثَاقُل

Form VI: تَثَاقَلَ (taṯāqala), اِثَّاقَلَ (iṯṯāqala); Verbal noun

مُتَثَاقِل

Form VI: تَثَاقَلَ (taṯāqala), اِثَّاقَلَ (iṯṯāqala); Active participle


و ض ع

ar-root

و ض ع • (w-ḍ-ʕ)

وَضْع

Form I: وَضَعَ (waḍaʕa, “to put; to invent, to establish, to fabricate”); Verbal noun

وَاضِع

Form I: وَضَعَ (waḍaʕa, “to put; to invent, to establish, to fabricate”); Active participle

وَاضِع

Form I: وَضَعَ (waḍaʕa); Active participle

مُوَضِّع

Form II: وَضَّعَ (waḍḍaʕa); Active participle

مُوَاضِع

Form III: وَاضَعَ (wāḍaʕa); Active participle

إِيضَاع

Form IV: أَوْضَعَ (ʔawḍaʕa); Verbal noun

مُوضِع

Form IV: أَوْضَعَ (ʔawḍaʕa); Active participle

تَوَاضُع

Form VI: تَوَاضَعَ (tawāḍaʕa, “to be humble, to be content”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَاضِع

Form VI: تَوَاضَعَ (tawāḍaʕa, “to be humble, to be content”); Active participle

اِتِّضَاع

Form VIII: اِتَّضَعَ (ittaḍaʕa); Verbal noun

مُتَّضِع

Form VIII: اِتَّضَعَ (ittaḍaʕa); Active participle

اِسْتِيضَاع

Form X: اِسْتَوْضَعَ (istawḍaʕa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَوْضِع

Form X: اِسْتَوْضَعَ (istawḍaʕa); Active participle

مَوْضَعَة

Form Iq: مَوْضَعَ (mawḍaʕa); Verbal noun

مُمَوْضِع

Form Iq: مَوْضَعَ (mawḍaʕa); Active participle

تَمَوْضُع

Form IIq: تَمَوْضَعَ (tamawḍaʕa); Verbal noun

مُتَمَوْضِع

Form IIq: تَمَوْضَعَ (tamawḍaʕa); Active participle


*h₂éndʰ-os ~ *h₂éndʰ-es-os

Unsorted formations:

Albanian: end


ש־ב־ת

Forming words pertaining to rest and not working.


ش ع ب

ش ع ب • (š-ʕ-b)

related to dividing and grouping a whole.

شَعْب

Form I: شَعَبَ (šaʕaba, “to gather, to assemble; to disperse”); Verbal noun

شَاعِب

Form I: شَعَبَ (šaʕaba, “to gather, to assemble; to disperse”); Active participle

تَشْعِيب

Form II: شَعَّبَ (šaʕʕaba, “to devide, to split, to ramify”); Verbal noun

مُشَعِّب

Form II: شَعَّبَ (šaʕʕaba, “to devide, to split, to ramify”); Active participle

تَشَعُّب

Form V: تَشَعَّبَ (tašaʕʕaba, “to branch off, to ramify”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَعِّب

Form V: تَشَعَّبَ (tašaʕʕaba, “to branch off, to ramify”); Active participle

اِشْتِعَاب

Form VIII: اِشْتَعَبَ (ištaʕaba); Verbal noun

مُشْتَعِب

Form VIII: اِشْتَعَبَ (ištaʕaba); Active participle


ح ش ر

ح ش ر • (ḥ-š-r)


ح ف ر

حَفْر

Form I: حَفَرَ (ḥafara, “to dig”); Verbal noun

حَافِر

Form I: حَفَرَ (ḥafara, “to dig”); Active participle

مُحَافَرَة

Form III: حَافَرَ (ḥāfara, “to go deep into so one can hardly be dug out”); Verbal noun

مُحَافِر

Form III: حَافَرَ (ḥāfara, “to go deep into so one can hardly be dug out”); Active participle

إِحْفَار

Form IV: أَحْفَرَ (ʔaḥfara, “to assist in digging; to have the nippers wabbling”); Verbal noun

مُحْفِر

Form IV: أَحْفَرَ (ʔaḥfara, “to assist in digging; to have the nippers wabbling”); Active participle

اِنْحِفَار

Form VII: اِنْحَفَرَ (inḥafara, “to be dug”); Verbal noun

مُنْحَفِر

Form VII: اِنْحَفَرَ (inḥafara, “to be dug”); Active participle

اِحْتِفَار

Form VIII: اِحْتَفَرَ (iḥtafara, “to dig”); Verbal noun

مُحْتَفِر

Form VIII: اِحْتَفَرَ (iḥtafara, “to dig”); Active participle

اِسْتِحْفَار

Form X: اِسْتَحْفَرَ (istaḥfara, “to desire from to dig”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَحْفِر

Form X: اِسْتَحْفَرَ (istaḥfara, “to desire from to dig”); Active participle


خ ل ب

خَلْب

Form I: خَلَبَ (ḵalaba, “to scratch, to wound by cutting with the nail or the reaping-hook or in another fashion; to sting, to bite; to snatch, to seize, to clutch, to rend; to chelate”); Verbal noun

خَالِب

Form I: خَلَبَ (ḵalaba, “to scratch, to wound by cutting with the nail or the reaping-hook or in another fashion; to sting, to bite; to snatch, to seize, to clutch, to rend; to chelate”); Active participle

خِلَابَة

Form I: خَلَبَ (ḵalaba, “to allure, to charm, to fascinate, to coax, to captivate with blandishment”); Verbal noun

خَالِب

Form I: خَلَبَ (ḵalaba, “to allure, to charm, to fascinate, to coax, to captivate with blandishment”); Active participle

تَخْلِيب

Form II: خَلَّبَ (ḵallaba, “to chelate”); Verbal noun

مُخَلِّب

Form II: خَلَّبَ (ḵallaba, “to chelate”); Active participle

مُخَالَبَة

Form III: خَالَبَ (ḵālaba, “to coax, to fascinate”); Verbal noun

مُخَالِب

Form III: خَالَبَ (ḵālaba, “to coax, to fascinate”); Active participle

إِخْلَاب

Form IV: أَخْلَبَ (ʔaḵlaba, “to be full of silt”); Verbal noun

مُخْلِب

Form IV: أَخْلَبَ (ʔaḵlaba, “to be full of silt”); Active participle

اِخْتِلَاب

Form VIII: اِخْتَلَبَ (iḵtalaba, “to snatch, to seize, to clutch; to allure, to charm, to fascinate”); Verbal noun

مُخْتَلِب

Form VIII: اِخْتَلَبَ (iḵtalaba, “to snatch, to seize, to clutch; to allure, to charm, to fascinate”); Active participle

اِسْتِخْلَاب

Form X: اِسْتَخْلَبَ (istaḵlaba, “to cut or vulnerate as with the reaping-hook (مِخْلَب (miḵlab)); to craunch; to chelate”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَخْلِب

Form X: اِسْتَخْلَبَ (istaḵlaba, “to cut or vulnerate as with the reaping-hook (مِخْلَب (miḵlab)); to craunch; to chelate”); Active participle

تَمَخْلُب

Form IIq: تَمَخْلَبَ (tamaḵlaba, “to become chelate”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَخْلِب

Form IIq: تَمَخْلَبَ (tamaḵlaba, “to become chelate”); Active participle

مِخْلَب

claw, nail, talon; reaping-hook that has no teeth; butcher's hook; a sort of surgical instrument

خُلُب and خُلْب

ligneous fiber from which the trunk of a palm is made; the medulla of a palm; mud that agglutinate easily

خُلَّبِيّ

خُلَّب (ḵullab, “case, hull, shell, something which provides less than it suggests, sheet lightning”)