ط ل ي

طَلْي

Form I: طَلَى (ṭalā, “to daub, to besmear, to overlay, to plaster, to coat, to varnish, to paint”); Verbal noun

طَالٍ

Form I: طَلَى (ṭalā, “to daub, to besmear, to overlay, to plaster, to coat, to varnish, to paint”); Active participle

إِطْلَاء

Form IV: أَطْلَى (ʔaṭlā, “to daub, to besmear, to overlay, to plaster, to coat, to varnish, to paint, to inunct”); Verbal noun

مُطْلٍ

Form IV: أَطْلَى (ʔaṭlā, “to daub, to besmear, to overlay, to plaster, to coat, to varnish, to paint, to inunct”); Active participle

تَطَلٍّ

Form V: تَطَلَّى (taṭallā, “to be daub, to be besmear, to be overlaid, to be plaster, to be coat, to be varnish, to be paint, to be inunct”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَلٍّ

Form V: تَطَلَّى (taṭallā, “to be daub, to be besmear, to be overlaid, to be plaster, to be coat, to be varnish, to be paint, to be inunct”); Active participle

اِنْطِلَاء

Form VII: اِنْطَلَى (inṭalā, “to be sufficient to fool someone, to make someone be fall for”); Verbal noun

مُنْطَلٍ

Form VII: اِنْطَلَى (inṭalā, “to be sufficient to fool someone, to make someone be fall for”); Active participle

اِطِّلَاء

Form VIII: اِطَّلَى (iṭṭalā, “to be daub, to be besmear, to be overlaid, to be plaster, to be coat, to be varnish, to be paint, to be inunct”); Verbal noun

مُطَّلٍ

Form VIII: اِطَّلَى (iṭṭalā, “to be daub, to be besmear, to be overlaid, to be plaster, to be coat, to be varnish, to be paint, to be inunct”); Active participle

اِطْلِيلَاء

Form XII: اِطْلَوْلَى (iṭlawlā, “to be good in speech”); Verbal noun

مُطْلَوْلٍ

Form XII: اِطْلَوْلَى (iṭlawlā, “to be good in speech”); Active participle

طُلْيَة and طُلَاة

neck; a tuft of wool with which camels are daubed

مِطْلًى and مِطْلَاء

depressed ground, earth tract of ground in which water flows; place where wild animals feed their younglings


ن ق ع

The meaning of “riving” is original, reconstructible for Proto-West Semitic, whence meanings of landforms have developed, then in Arabic specifically crevasses filled with water encountered by desert-dwellers. The meanings of vociferation are separate, paralleling نَقَّ (naqqa, “to croak”), نَعَقَ (naʕaqa, “to caw, to bleat, to croak, to hoot”), قَعْقَعَ (qaʕqaʕa, “to clatter”).

مُنْقَع

liquid particularly apt to quench the thirst

نَقْع

collect water, standing water, water restagnating in a well, pool

نَقُوع

what is macerate and then dried, tincture, dried fruit, compote, etc.; infusion, liquid where substance bide

نَقِيع

cold and sweet water, well abundating in sapid water, source of aqua apt to soak; macerate and dried piece of sustenance; infusion, liquid where substance bide; the desert-thistle Blepharis gen. et spp.

نُقَاعَة

infusion, soak, the liquid after one soaks; tanner's vat

نَقَاعَة

infusion, soak (the action when one soaks; small lake, puddle, spot where water has collect and stagnate)

مِنْقَع

container where one macerate or makes a tincture or infusion for medicine etc.

مَنْقَعَة

place where water has collect and stagnate, pool; muddy place where animals like swine wallow

نَقِيعَة

camel slaughtered for the guests, or other meal prepared for someone for a special cause

نَقْع

Form I: نَقَعَ (naqaʕa, “to rive, to jugulate; to soak, to drench, to let be instill, to infuse, to macerate, to steep, to dissolve in liquid”); Verbal noun

نَاقِع

Form I: نَقَعَ (naqaʕa, “to rive, to jugulate; to soak, to drench, to let be instill, to infuse, to macerate, to steep, to dissolve in liquid”); Active participle

نَقْع

Form I: نَقَعَ (naqaʕa, “to irritate, to provoke, to vociferate, to injure”); Verbal noun

نَاقِع

Form I: نَقَعَ (naqaʕa, “to irritate, to provoke, to vociferate, to injure”); Active participle

نُقُوع

Form I: نَقَعَ (naqaʕa, “to be immobile, to stagnate”); Verbal noun

نَاقِع

Form I: نَقَعَ (naqaʕa, “to be immobile, to stagnate”); Active participle

تَنْقِيع

Form II: نَقَّعَ (naqqaʕa, “to soak, to drench, to let be instill, to infuse, to macerate, to steep, to dissolve in liquid”); Verbal noun

مُنَقِّع

Form II: نَقَّعَ (naqqaʕa, “to soak, to drench, to let be instill, to infuse, to macerate, to steep, to dissolve in liquid”); Active participle

إِنْقَاع

Form IV: أَنْقَعَ (ʔanqaʕa, “to rive, to slaughter, to jugulate; to soak, to drench, to let be instill, to infuse, to macerate, to steep, to dissolve in liquid, to quench”); Verbal noun

مُنْقِع

Form IV: أَنْقَعَ (ʔanqaʕa, “to rive, to slaughter, to jugulate; to soak, to drench, to let be instill, to infuse, to macerate, to steep, to dissolve in liquid, to quench”); Active participle

اِنْتِقَاع

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَعَ (intaqaʕa, “to rive, to slaughter, to jugulate; to be soak; to jugulate the نَقِيعَة (naqīʕa) camel for the guests; to appall, to have one's colour absorbed”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَقِع

Form VIII: اِنْتَقَعَ (intaqaʕa, “to rive, to slaughter, to jugulate; to be soak; to jugulate the نَقِيعَة (naqīʕa) camel for the guests; to appall, to have one's colour absorbed”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْقَاع

Form X: اِسْتَنْقَعَ (istanqaʕa, “to stagnate, to be boggy (water); to descend to the pool of water, to go to the swamp; to be collect in a pond”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْقِع

Form X: اِسْتَنْقَعَ (istanqaʕa, “to stagnate, to be boggy (water); to descend to the pool of water, to go to the swamp; to be collect in a pond”); Active participle


ṗer-

desctree

⇒ Proto-Kartvelian: *ṗerṗer- (“butterfly”)
Proto-Georgian-Zan:
Old Georgian: პეპელი (ṗeṗeli)
⇒ Georgian: პეპელა (ṗeṗela)
Zan:
>? Laz: ფარფალი (parpali)
⇒? Mingrelian: ფარფალია (parpalia)
Svan: პა̈რპოლდ (ṗärṗold), პა̈რპა̈ნდ (ṗärṗänd)

desc

⇒ Svan: ლიპერ (liṗer, “to fly”), ნეპრ (neṗr, “bird”)

Onomatopoeic, compare Proto-Georgian-Zan *par-.


ش ك ل

شَكْل

Form I: شَكَلَ (šakala, “to hobble; to vocalize; to become ambiguous”); Verbal noun

شَاكِل

Form I: شَكَلَ (šakala, “to hobble; to vocalize; to become ambiguous”); Active participle

تَشْكِيل

Form II: شَكَّلَ (šakkala, “to form, to shape; to become ambiguous; to vocalize; to join, to link”); Verbal noun

مُشَكِّل

Form II: شَكَّلَ (šakkala, “to form, to shape; to become ambiguous; to vocalize; to join, to link”); Active participle

مُشَاكَلَة

Form III: شَاكَلَ (šākala, “to resemble, to conform to, to liaise with”); Verbal noun

مُشَاكِل

Form III: شَاكَلَ (šākala, “to resemble, to conform to, to liaise with”); Active participle

إِشْكَال

Form IV: أَشْكَلَ (ʔaškala, “to become ambiguous, to be intricate; to acquire red colour; to make conform”); Verbal noun

مُشْكِل

Form IV: أَشْكَلَ (ʔaškala, “to become ambiguous, to be intricate; to acquire red colour; to make conform”); Active participle

تَشَكُّل

Form V: تَشَكَّلَ (tašakkala, “to become shaped, to become formed”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَكِّل

Form V: تَشَكَّلَ (tašakkala, “to become shaped, to become formed”); Active participle

تَشَاكُل

Form VI: تَشَاكَلَ (tašākala, “to resemble each other, to conform to each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَشَاكِل

Form VI: تَشَاكَلَ (tašākala, “to resemble each other, to conform to each other”); Active participle

اِشْتِكَال

Form VIII: اِشْتَكَلَ (ištakala, “to be hit by ambiguity”); Verbal noun

مُشْتَكِل

Form VIII: اِشْتَكَلَ (ištakala, “to be hit by ambiguity”); Active participle

اِسْتِشْكَال

Form X: اِسْتَشْكَلَ (istaškala, “to deem ambiguous”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَشْكِل

Form X: اِسْتَشْكَلَ (istaškala, “to deem ambiguous”); Active participle

شَكِلَة

coquette, a woman displaying amorous gestures

شَاكِلَة

mode, manner; flank; road branching off from a main road

أَشْكَل

most like; intermixed in colour, mixed with red

أَشْكَلَة

difficulty, ambiguity; similitude; mode, manner


ر ب د

* (confining, tying): a variant of ر ب ط (r-b-ṭ)
* (speckled with black): a variant of ر م د (r-m-d)

رَبِيد

date stowed away one upon another in a container and sprinkled with water

رَبِيدَة

a repository or matting where one stow certain things

مِرْبَد

enclosure for beast, where one shuts the camels; a place where on dries date; palm groves outside of a city where Bedouins pass through for their business (the same place)

رُبْدَة

dingy colour, blackish colour, dustish colour

أَرْبَد

dingy, blackish, dustish, speckle with black; terrible, grave, unfortunate, horrible

related to confining a possession in a place, tying in a stead

رَبْد

Form I: رَبَدَ (rabada, “to stay, to dwell, to abode, to reside; to retain, to confine, to keep close, to keep within certain limits, to tie, to stow, to shut up (camels to stay or dates to dry in a مِرْبَد (mirbad))”); Verbal noun

رَابِد

Form I: رَبَدَ (rabada, “to stay, to dwell, to abode, to reside; to retain, to confine, to keep close, to keep within certain limits, to tie, to stow, to shut up (camels to stay or dates to dry in a مِرْبَد (mirbad))”); Active participle

مُرَبِّد

Form II: رَبَّدَ (rabbada, “to exhibit patch of black, to have dustish secretion”); Active participle

مُتَرَبِّد

Form V: تَرَبَّدَ (tarabbada, “to exhibit patch of black, to get dark spotwise”); Active participle

اِرْبِدَاد

Form IX: اِرْبَدَّ (irbadda, “to be of a dingy colour, to be dustish”); Verbal noun

مُرْبَدّ

Form IX: اِرْبَدَّ (irbadda, “to be of a dingy colour, to be dustish”); Active participle

اِرْبِيدَاد

Form XI: اِرْبَادَّ (irbādda, “to be of a dingy colour, to be dustish”); Verbal noun

مُرْبَادّ

Form XI: اِرْبَادَّ (irbādda, “to be of a dingy colour, to be dustish”); Active participle

تَرْبِيد

Form II: رَبَّدَ (rabbada, “to exhibit patch of black, to have dustish secretion”); Verbal noun

تَرَبُّد

Form V: تَرَبَّدَ (tarabbada, “to exhibit patch of black, to get dark spotwise”); Verbal noun


ح ش م

ar-root

ح ش م • (ḥ-š-m)

إِحْشَام

Form IV: أَحْشَمَ (ʔaḥšama); Verbal noun

تَحَشُّم

Form V: تَحَشَّمَ (taḥaššama); Verbal noun

تَحَاشُم

Form VI: تَحَاشَمَ (taḥāšama); Verbal noun

اِسْتِحْشَام

Form X: اِسْتَحْشَمَ (istaḥšama); Verbal noun

حَاشِم

Form I: حَشَمَ (ḥašama); Active participle

Form I: حَشُمَ (ḥašuma); Active participle

مُحَشِّم

Form II: حَشَّمَ (ḥaššama); Active participle

مُحَاشِم

Form III: حَاشَمَ (ḥāšama); Active participle

مُحْشِم

Form IV: أَحْشَمَ (ʔaḥšama); Active participle

مُتَحَشِّم

Form V: تَحَشَّمَ (taḥaššama); Active participle

مُتَحَاشِم

Form VI: تَحَاشَمَ (taḥāšama); Active participle

اِحْتِشَام

Form VIII: اِحْتَشَمَ (iḥtašama); Verbal noun

مُحْتَشِم

Form VIII: اِحْتَشَمَ (iḥtašama); Active participle

مُسْتَحْشِم

Form X: اِسْتَحْشَمَ (istaḥšama); Active participle


ن ف ش

related to being (made) less compact (i.e. wool, cotton); ruffling, bristling (cat)


ب ث ث

ب ث ث • (b-ṯ-ṯ)

related to spreading, dispersing, scattering, broadcasting

بَاثّ

Form I: بَثَّ (baṯṯa); Active participle

مُبَثِّث

Form II: بَثَّثَ (baṯṯaṯa); Active participle

مُبَاثّ

Form III: بَاثَّ (bāṯṯa); Active participle

مُبِثّ

Form IV: أَبَثَّ (ʔabaṯṯa); Active participle

تَبَاثّ

Form VI: تَبَاثَّ (tabāṯṯa); Verbal noun

مُتَبَاثّ

Form VI: تَبَاثَّ (tabāṯṯa); Active participle

اِنْبِثَاث

Form VII: اِنْبَثَّ (inbaṯṯa); Verbal noun

مُنْبَثّ

Form VII: اِنْبَثَّ (inbaṯṯa); Active participle

اِبْتِثَاث

Form VIII: اِبْتَثَّ (ibtaṯṯa); Verbal noun

مُبْتَثّ

Form VIII: اِبْتَثَّ (ibtaṯṯa); Active participle

اِسْتِبْثَاث

Form X: اِسْتَبَثَّ (istabaṯṯa); Verbal noun

مُسْتَبِثّ

Form X: اِسْتَبَثَّ (istabaṯṯa); Active participle


ح م ي

related to prohibiting, protecting, defending

حَمْي

Form I: حَمَى (ḥamā, “to protect”); Verbal noun

حَامٍ

Form I: حَمَى (ḥamā, “to protect”); Active participle

Form I: حَمِيَ (ḥamiya); Active participle

مُحَمٍّ

Form II: حَمَّى (ḥammā); Active participle

مُحَامٍ

Form III: حَامَى (ḥāmā); Active participle

مُحْمٍ

Form IV: أَحْمَى (ʔaḥmā); Active participle

مُتَحَامٍ

Form VI: تَحَامَى (taḥāmā); Active participle

اِحْتِمَاء

Form VIII: اِحْتَمَى (iḥtamā); Verbal noun

مُحْتَمٍ

Form VIII: اِحْتَمَى (iḥtamā); Active participle


ك ن ز

makes words to do with hoarding, treasuring

كَنْز

Form I: كَنَزَ (kanaza, “to bury in the ground; to hoard together, to amass”); Verbal noun

كَانِز

Form I: كَنَزَ (kanaza, “to bury in the ground; to hoard together, to amass”); Active participle

اِكْتِنَاز

Form VIII: اِكْتَنَزَ (iktanaza, “to pack closely, to compact”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَنِز

Form VIII: اِكْتَنَزَ (iktanaza, “to pack closely, to compact”); Active participle


meytH-

*méytH-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Germanic: *mīþaną (“to avoid”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máytʰati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máytʰati

desc

Sanskrit: मेथति (méthati, “to alternate; to become hostile, quarrel”), मेथेते (methete)

Proto-Italic: *meitō

Latin: mittō (< *mītō) (see there for further descendants)

*moytH-éye-ti (causative)

Proto-Germanic: *maidijaną (see there for further descendants)

*moytH-o-s

Proto-Hellenic: *móitos

Ancient Greek: μοῖτος (moîtos, “reward, thanks”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máytʰas

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *maytʰás

Sanskrit: मिथस् (mithás, “opposite, in opposition”)

Proto-Iranian: *maytʰah

Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬁 (maēθā, “deviating, changeable”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬋 (miθō, “wrongly,falsely”) , 𐬁𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬁 (āmōiiastrā, “changes of events”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬀 (miθa, “false”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬡𐬀 (miθβa, “paired”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬥𐬀 (miθβana, “paired”)

Proto-Iranian: *máytʰah-wā́čah, *máytʰah-ūxtáh

Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬵 (miθahuuacah, “speaking falsely”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬏𐬑𐬙𐬀 (miθūxta, “false words”)

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (mēhūxt, “Mihuxt, false speaking demon”)

Persian: میهوخت (mihuxt, “Mihuxt demon in Zoroastrian mythology”)

*moytH-to-m

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *město (see there for further descendants)

*mitH-tó-s

Proto-Germanic: *missa- (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *missijaną (see there for further descendants)

*mitH-tis

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *mьstь

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *mьstiti (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Balto-Slavic:

Latvian: mît

Indo-Iranian:

Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: मिथति (mitháti, “to alternate”)


س ق ط

سُقُوط

Form I: سَقَطَ (saqaṭa, “to fall, fall down, descend”); Verbal noun

سَاقِط

Form I: سَقَطَ (saqaṭa, “to fall, fall down, descend”); Active participle

إِسْقَاط

Form IV: أَسْقَطَ (ʔasqaṭa, “to drop, to let or cause to fall”); Verbal noun

مُسْقِط

Form IV: أَسْقَطَ (ʔasqaṭa, “to drop, to let or cause to fall”); Active participle

تَسَاقُط

Form VI: تَسَاقَطَ (tasāqaṭa, “to fall down quickly in abundance, to die one by one”); Verbal noun

مُتَسَاقِط

Form VI: تَسَاقَطَ (tasāqaṭa, “to fall down quickly in abundance, to die one by one”); Active participle

اَلْإِِسْقَاط اَلنَّجْمِي

إِسْقَاط (ʔisqāṭ)


غ ب ب

غِبّ

Form I: غَبَّ (ḡabba, “to come on alternate day upon”); Verbal noun

visit in intervals; end, outcome, fine, result, output

غَابّ

Form I: غَبَّ (ḡabba, “to come on alternate day upon”); Active participle

تَغْبِيب

Form II: غَبَّبَ (ḡabbaba, “to seize by the throat, to snatch by the neck; to be remiss of, to neglect”); Verbal noun

مُغَبِّب

Form II: غَبَّبَ (ḡabbaba, “to seize by the throat, to snatch by the neck; to be remiss of, to neglect”); Active participle

إِغْبَاب

Form IV: أَغَبَّ (ʔaḡabba, “to come on alternate day upon”); Verbal noun

مُغِبّ

Form IV: أَغَبَّ (ʔaḡabba, “to come on alternate day upon”); Active participle

تَغَبُّب

Form V: تَغَبَّبَ (taḡabbaba, “to look upon the result, or consequence of an affair”); Verbal noun

مُتَغَبِّب

Form V: تَغَبَّبَ (taḡabbaba, “to look upon the result, or consequence of an affair”); Active participle

غَبِيب

small place on a field where water flows; affair, business

غَبِيبَة

milk drawn early in the morning from a ewe and then churned in the evening


*swḗnh₂-s-t ~ swénh₂-s-n̥t (s-aorist)

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: स्वानीत् (svānīt)

*swénh₂-ti ~ swn̥h₂-énti (athematic root present)

Proto-Italic: *swenō

Latin: sonō (“to sound”)

*swonh₂-éye-ti (iterative)

Proto-Celtic: *swonnīti

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Welsh:

Middle Welsh: honni (“to announce”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: स्वनयति (svanayáti)

Proto-Italic: *swonaō

Latin: sonō (“to sound”)

*swn̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *swn̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Iranian:

𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌

Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (apaxᵛanuuaⁱṇti, “sound away”, 3pl.)

Proto-Celtic: *swannati (“to sound, play an instrument”)

Old Irish: seinnid

Proto-Balto-Slavic: (possibly)

Proto-Slavic: *zvonъ (“sound”) (or from *ǵʰwon-os)

Proto-Germanic: *swanaz (“swan”)

Proto-Italic: *swonos

Latin: sonus (“sound”) (or from *swenos < *swenh₂-os)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: स्वनति (svánati, “to sound”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: स्वनद्रथ (svanád-ratha, “having a rattling chariot”)

Proto-Iranian:

Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (xᵛanat̰-caxra, “with sounding wheels”)

Proto-Germanic: *swin-

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swanH-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swanH-

Sanskrit: स्वन् (svan)

Proto-Iranian: *hwanH-

Old Persian:

Middle Persian:

Persian: خوان (xvân, “to read, recite”)

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Rick Derksen


*h₂méh₁-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Germanic: *mēaną (“to mow”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Anatolian:

Hittite: [script needed] (ḫa-meš-ḫa- /ḫamešḫa-/, “spring”)

Proto-Germanic: *mēþą (“mowing”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *mēdwō (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic:

>? Ancient Greek: ἄμη (ámē) (see there for further descendants)

Mycenaean Greek: 𐀀𐀔 (a-ma)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἄμητος (ámētos, “harvest”)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἀμάω (amáō, “to cut, reap, mow”)

Proto-Germanic: *madwō

*h₂ómh₁-s-ey ~ h₂mh₁-s-énti

Proto-Anatolian: *Hómʔsey (< *h₂ómh₁-s-ey)

Hittite: [script needed] (a-an-ši /ānši/), [script needed] (a-an-ša-an-zi /ānšanzi/, “to wipe”)

Proto-Anatolian: *Hm̥ʔsénti (< *h₂mh₁-s-énti)

Hittite: [script needed] (ḫa-ni-iš-zi /ḫaniššzi/), [script needed] (ḫa-ni-iš-ša-an-zi /ḫaniššanzi/, “to wipe”)

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


Proto-Hellenic: *lāwō

Ancient Greek: (ἀπο)λαύω ((apo)laúō, “to enjoy”)

Proto-Celtic: *lougos

Old Irish: lóg (“prize”) (see there for further descendants)

*leh₂u-no-m (or *l̥h₂ew-no-m or *lowh₂-no-m)

Proto-Germanic: *launą (“reward”) (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *lovъ (“hunt”)

*leh₂u-s or *leh₂w-o-s

>? Proto-Hellenic: *lāwós

Ancient Greek: λᾱός (lāós, “common folk”)

⇒? Proto-Celtic: *laweros (see there for further descendants)

⇒? Proto-Hellenic: *lawerós

Ancient Greek: λᾱρός (lārós, “delicious”)

⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *lāwiā

Ancient Greek: ληΐη (lēḯē, “spoils”)

⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *lāwíts, *lāwídos

ληΐς, ληΐδος

Ancient Greek: ληΐς, ληΐδος (lēḯs, lēḯdos, “spoils”)

Proto-Italic: *luklom (> pre-Latin *lukrom by dissimilation)

Latin: lucrum (“profit”)

⇒ Proto-Celtic: *uɸolautom (“property, wealth”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Armenian:

Old Armenian: լաւ (law)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: λωΐων (lōḯōn)

Proto-Italic:

Latin: Laverna (“goddess of gain”)

Proto-Tocharian: *luwā-

Tocharian A: lu

Tocharian B: luwo

Proto-Celtic: *lowenos (“merry, joyful”) (see there for further descendants)


ken-

*ken-e-ti

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentei

Proto-Slavic: *čęti (“to begin”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *načęti (“to begin”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *keneti (“to descend from”)

Proto-Brythonic:

⇒ Welsh: bachgen (“boy”) (possibly)

⇒ Gaulish: -cnos (“born of”) (possibly)

Old Irish: cinid

*ken-tu-

Proto-Celtic: *kentus (“first”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *kentusamonyos (“May”) (see there for further descendants)

*kn̥-i-

>? Proto-Celtic: *kanis (“good, nice”) (see there for further descendants)

*ken-iHnos

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaníHnas

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnas

Sanskrit: कनीन (kanī́na, “young”)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaníHnaH

Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬥 (kaⁱnin, “young maid; maiden”)

Proto-Albanian: *kenjā, *kēnjā (“new skin”)

Albanian: qejzë, qyrë, qytë

q

or from o-grade <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*kon-yeh₂</i>

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanyáH (“girl”) (or from o-grade *kon-yeh₂) (see there for further descendants)

*kn̥-yos

Proto-Hellenic: *kəňňós

Ancient Greek: καινός (kainós, “new”)

*kon-os

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: διάκονος (diákonos)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kanas

Proto-Slavic: *konъ (see there for further descendants)

*(s)ken- (with s-mobile)

Proto-Armenian:

desc

Old Armenian: սկունդ (skund, “dog, puppy”) (or from *ḱwon-t-)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sken-

Proto-Slavic: *ščenę (“young animal”) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

⇒ Proto-Celtic: *kanawū (“young animal; young dog, whelp”)
Proto-Brythonic: *kėnėw
Old Breton: ceneuan, compare Rikeneu (PN)
Middle Breton: kenou
Breton: kenow
Middle Welsh: ceneu
Welsh: cenau, cenaw
Middle Irish: cana
Scottish Gaelic: cana
Irish: cana

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Iranian:

Wakhi: [script needed] (skən), [script needed] (skön, “puppy”)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Celtic: *kenetlom (“race, kind”) (see there for further descendants)

desc

>? Proto-Germanic: *ginnaną (“to begin”) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἐγκονέω (enkonéō)

Proto-Italic:

Latin: cōnor

*ken-d-

⇒ *ken-di-s

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendis

Proto-Slavic: *čędь (“children; people; servants”)

Old Church Slavonic: чѧдь

Old East Slavic: чадь (čadĭ)

Serbo-Croatian: čed (“servants; family”)

⇒ *ken-do-s

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kendas

Proto-Slavic: *čędъ (“child”) (see there for further descendants)

*ken-t-

⇒ *ként-e-ti

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kentstei > *kenstei

Latvian: censt

⇒ censties

⇒ cenšos, centos, censos

⇒? *ként-s

Proto-Italic: *kents

q

prefixed with <i class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*wre-</i>

⇒ Proto-Italic: *wre-kents (prefixed with *wre-)

Latin: recēns (“new”) (see there for further descendants)


Proto-Hellenic:

desc

Ancient Greek: στία (stía, “small stone, pebble”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: स्तिया (stiyā, “stagnant water”) (perhaps)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: στῖον (stîon, “small stone, pebble”)

Proto-Germanic: *stainaz (“stone”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *stěna (“stone; wall”) (see there for further descendants)

Apparently derived from an i-present to *steh₂- (“to stand”).


serp-

*sérp-t ~ sr̥p-ént (root aorist)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hásarpt

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hásarpt

Sanskrit: असृपत् (ásṛpat)

*sérp-e-ti (thematic root present)

*sḗrp-s-t ~ *sérp-s-n̥t (s-aorist)

Proto-Hellenic: *éhērpsa

Ancient Greek: (ἐξ)ἧρψα ((ex)hêrpsa)

Proto-Italic: *serpsai

Latin: serpsī

*se-sórp-e ~ se-sr̥p-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sasárpa

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sasárpa

Sanskrit: ससर्प (sasárpa)

*serp-ó-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sarpás (see there for further descendants)

*serp-en-o-s

Proto-Albanian: *serpena (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Albanian: *ś(t)ripenī̆

Albanian: shtërpij (“reptiles”)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


terkʷ-

*térkʷ-ti ~ *tr̥kʷ-én-ti (athematic root present)

Proto-Anatolian: *tarʔʷtˢi

Hittite: 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to dance”)

Proto-Tocharian: *tärk-

Tocharian B: tärk- (“to turn; work”)

*torkʷ-éye-ti (causative)

Proto-Italic: *torkʷeō

Latin: torqueō

*te-tórkʷ-e ~ *tr̥kʷ-ḗr (reduplicated stative)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian B: tetarku

*térkʷ-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Albanian: *terka (< *terk-e-ti)

Albanian: tjerr

*térkʷ-os

Proto-Germanic: *þwerhaz (“crossed”) (< *twerk-os)

*terkʷ-ús

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tarkúš

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tarkúṣ

Sanskrit: तर्कु (tarkú, “spindle”)

*tŕ̥kʷ-os

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *tъ̑rkъ (“sudden motion”)

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *tъrčiti, *tъrčati

Proto-Italic:

Latin: tormentum

*tоrkʷ-ós

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *tȏrkъ (“ride”)

*tórkʷ-tom

Proto-Italic: *torkʷtom

Latin: tortum

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Hellenic: (possibly)

Mycenaean Greek: 𐀵𐀫𐀤𐀍𐀕𐀜 (to-ro-qe-jo-me-no /trokʷeiomenos/, “?”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tark- (“to move to and fro”)

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: तर्क् (tark-, “to turn”)

Proto-Iranian: *tark-

⇒ Proto-Iranian: *fratark- (+ *fra- (“forth”))

Khotanese: hataljs (“to flutter”)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian A: tark (“earring”)


이질

이질거리다 이질거리다#Korean

이질대다 이질대다#Korean

(North Korea) Root of 이질거리다 (ijilgeorida) / 이질대다 (ijildaeda). Rarely used alone.


telkʷ-

*tlokʷ-

Proto-Celtic: *tlokʷīti

Old Irish: tluchedar

⇒ Old Irish: ad·tluchedar

⇒ Old Irish: do·tluchedar

*tlokʷ-e-tor

Proto-Italic: *tlokʷōr (see there for further descendants)

*tl̥kʷ-os

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *tъlkъ

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tarkás (possibly)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tarkás

Sanskrit: तर्क (tarká, “conjecture”) (or from *terkʷ-)


>? *tem(h₁)-d-

q

alternatively from <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*ten-</i> (“to stretch”)

>? *tem(h₁)-p (alternatively from *ten- (“to stretch”))

>? Proto-Italic: *tempos (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tinˀtei

Lithuanian: tìnti (“to whet; beat”)

Proto-Slavic: *tęti (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic:

Old Irish: tamnaid (“to cut off”)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: τέμνω (témnō)

Proto-Italic:

Latin: temnō (“to scorn, despise”)

>? Proto-Italic: *temalom

Latin: templum (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *tomós

Ancient Greek: τομός (tomós)

Proto-Hellenic: *tómos

Ancient Greek: τόμος (tómos)

*témh₁-nos ~ témh₁-nes-

Proto-Hellenic: *témenos (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *tomā́

Ancient Greek: τομή (tomḗ)

*témh₁-tis ~ tm̥h₁-

Proto-Hellenic: *tmētis

Ancient Greek: τμῆσις (tmêsis)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ταμία (tamía)

Mycenaean Greek: 𐀲𐀖𐀋𐀄 (ta-mi-je-u)


ع ن ي

عَنَى

Form I: عَنَى (ʕanā, “to mean, to signify, to concern, to refer to, to fill with anxiety, to engross, to trouble, to happen, to occur, to befall, to produce, to do good, to agree with, to be a captive”); Verbal noun

عَانٍ

Form I: عَنَى (ʕanā, “to mean, to signify, to concern, to refer to, to fill with anxiety, to engross, to trouble, to happen, to occur, to befall, to produce, to do good, to agree with, to be a captive”); Active participle

عَانَى

Form III: عَانَى (ʕānā, “to suffer, to bear, to endure”); Verbal noun

مُعَانٍ

Form III: عَانَى (ʕānā, “to suffer, to bear, to endure”); Active participle

اِعْتَنَى

Form VIII: اِعْتَنَى (iʕtanā, “to look after, to take care, to nurse”); Verbal noun

مُعْتَنٍ

Form VIII: اِعْتَنَى (iʕtanā, “to look after, to take care, to nurse”); Active participle


ف ر ص

فَارِص

Form I: فَرَصَ (faraṣa, “to slit, to make a lengthwise cut in, to rip”); Active participle

تَفْرِيص

Form II: فَرَّصَ (farraṣa, “to engrave, to ornament by cut into it”); Verbal noun

مُفَرِّص

Form II: فَرَّصَ (farraṣa, “to engrave, to ornament by cut into it”); Active participle

مُفَارَصَة

Form III: فَارَصَ (fāraṣa, “to take in turn with; to surprise”); Verbal noun

مُفَارِص

Form III: فَارَصَ (fāraṣa, “to take in turn with; to surprise”); Active participle

إِفْرَاص

Form IV: أَفْرَصَ (ʔafraṣa, “the opportunity came upon”); Verbal noun

مُفْرِص

Form IV: أَفْرَصَ (ʔafraṣa, “the opportunity came upon”); Active participle

تَفَارُص

Form VI: تَفَارَصَ (tafāraṣa, “to share amongst each other in turns”); Verbal noun

مُتَفَارِص

Form VI: تَفَارَصَ (tafāraṣa, “to share amongst each other in turns”); Active participle

اِفْتِرَاص

Form VIII: اِفْتَرَصَ (iftaraṣa, “to take the opportunity”); Verbal noun

مُفْتَرِص

Form VIII: اِفْتَرَصَ (iftaraṣa, “to take the opportunity”); Active participle

فُرْصَة

opportunity to get to the water, turn, opportunity

فَرِيصَة

a muscle at the side under the shoulder near the heart which trembles in fright


*sélh₁-t ~ *sl̥h₁-ént (athematic root aorist)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: εἷλον (heîlon)

Proto-Italic: (perhaps)

⇒ Latin: consuluī

*sélh₁-e-ti ~ *sélh₁-onti (thematic root present)

Proto-Italic: (perhaps)

or from <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*sl̥h₁-é-ti</i>

⇒ Latin: cōnsulō (or from *sl̥h₁-é-ti)

*solh₁-éye-ti ~ *solh₁-éyonti (causative)

Proto-Germanic: *saljaną (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *sliyeti (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἕλωρ (hélōr, “booty”)

Proto-Celtic: *selwā

Proto-Balto-Slavic: (perhaps)

Proto-Slavic: *sъlati (“to send”)

Proto-Italic: (perhaps)

Latin: (cōn)sul

Proto-Italic: (perhaps)

Latin: (cōn)silium


(s)telH-

*(s)tl̥H-ti

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tilˀtei

desc

Lithuanian: tìlti (“to fall silent, abate, subside”)

*(s)tolH-éye-ti (causative)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *talīˀtei

Lithuanian: táldyti (“to silence, calm”)

Proto-Slavic: *toliti (“to calm, soothe”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *tolīyeti (“to sleep”)

Old Irish: tuilid (“to sleep”)

⇒ Old Irish: con·tuili (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Albanian: *talna

Albanian: tall (“to ridicule”)

Proto-Celtic: *toletus

⇒ Old Irish: cotlud (“sleep”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-West Germanic: *stillī (see there for further descendants)


순박

순박하다 순박하다#Korean

Root of 순박하다 (sunbakhada). Rarely used alone.


dʰelbʰ-

*dʰélbʰ-t ~ *dʰl̥bʰ-ént (athematic root aorist)

Proto-Tocharian: (< *delbʰ-) (perhaps)

Tocharian B: tsälp (“freed, redeemed”)

*dʰḗlbʰ-ti ~ *dʰélbʰ-n̥ti (athematic Narten root present?)

Proto-Tocharian: *ts'elp- (< *dḗlbʰ-) (perhaps)

Tocharian A: śalpatär (“to free, redeem”)

*dʰl̥bʰ-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)

Proto-Tocharian: (perhaps)

Tocharian B: tsälpäṣṣäṃ (“to free, redeem”)

*dʰelbʰ-e-ti

Proto-Germanic: *delbaną (“to dig, delve”) (see there for further descendants)

*dʰelbʰ-ti

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *delbtei

Lithuanian: del̃bti (“to lower, cast down (one's eyes), beat; chop”)

Proto-Slavic: *delbti (see there for further descendants)

*dʰelbʰ-tel-o-s

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *delbtelas

Proto-Slavic: *dętelъ (“woodpecker”) (see there for further descendants)

*dʰelbʰ-to-m

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *delbta

Proto-Slavic: *delto (“chisel”) (see there for further descendants)

*dʰl̥bʰ-eye-ti

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dilbīˀtei

Proto-Slavic: *dьlbiti (“to hollow, chisel”) (see there for further descendants)

*dʰl̥bʰ-ti

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dilbtei

Latvian: dil̃bti (“to lower, cast down”)

Lithuanian: dil̃bti (“to lower, cast down”)

Proto-Slavic: *dьlbti (“to hollow, chisel”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dalbāˀ

Latvian: dal̃ba (“tree-trunk, pole, long handle, two-pronged fork, long handle”)

Lithuanian: dálba (“lever; lazy-bones”)

Proto-Slavic: *dolba (see there for further descendants)

*dʰolbʰ-o-s

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dalbas

Latvian: dal̃bs

Proto-Slavic: *dolbъ (see there for further descendants)

*dʰolbʰ-to-m

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dálbta (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Latvian: dil̃ba (“upper arm, shin”)

Lithuanian: dìlba

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Latvian: delbis (“two-pronged fork”), dȩl̃bs (“forearm”), dȩlbs (“upperarm”), dȩl̃bi pl (“bars for carrying hay”)

Lithuanian: délba (“lever, sullen person”)


yemH-

*yémH-o-s

*imH-yo-s

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *imˀjas

Latvian: jùmis (“pair”)

*yemH-no-s

Proto-Celtic: *yemonos (“twin”)

Old Irish: emon

Proto-Italic: *jemanos

Latin: geminus (“twin”) (g < j by analogy with genus)

*ym̥H-yó-s

Proto-Germanic: *jumjaz (“divine twin?”)

Old Norse: Ymir

Proto-Albanian: *jūmatjā

Albanian: gjysmë


Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lēnas

Latgalian: lāns

Lithuanian: lė́nas

Latvian: lȩ̄̀ns

Proto-Slavic: *lěnъ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *lēnis

Latin: lēnis

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lēˀtas

Lithuanian: lė̃tas

Latvian: lȩ̃ts

desctree

Proto-Celtic: *layeti
Old Irish: ro·lá (perfective of fo·ceird)
⇒ Old Irish: do·rala (perfective of do·cuirethar) (< *to-ɸro-layeti)
Middle Irish: do·rala, tarla
Irish: tarlaigh
Scottish Gaelic: thàrladh, tàrlaidh
⇒ Old Irish: ad·comla (< *ati-kom-layeti)
Old Irish: accomol
Irish: acomhal
⇒ Middle Irish: doccumail (< do-accomol)
Irish: dócúl
⇒ Old Irish: socamail (< so-accomol)
Middle Irish: socamail
Irish: sócúl
⇒ Irish: sócúlach


*wéth₂-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Celtic: *weteti (“to say”)

Middle Welsh: guetid

⇒ Proto-Celtic: *dīweteti (+ *dī- (“from, of”))

Middle Welsh: dyweut (“to say”)

Welsh: dweud

⇒ Proto-Celtic: *exswetnati (+ *exs- (“out of, from”), + *-nati)

Old Irish: as·féna (“to testify”)

*woth₂-éye-ti (éye-causative)

Proto-Celtic: *wotāti

Welsh: gwadu (“to deny”)

q

Proto-Italic: *wotāō (possibly, perhaps instead from *gʷet- (“to say”), whence Germanic *kweþaną)

Latin: vetō (“to forbid”) (see there for further descendants)

*wéth₂-r̥ ~ *uth₂-én-s

Proto-Anatolian:

desc

Hittite: 𒌓𒋻 (ut-tar /uttar/, “word, speech”)

Luwian: [script needed] (utar, “word?, spell?”)

Proto-Celtic: *wotos

Old Breton: gwad (“denial”)


anu-

*anutz (“nanny-goat”) (possibly)

Basque: ahuntz


ص ق ع

ar-root

ص ق ع • (ṣ-q-ʕ)

صَقْع

Form I: صَقَعَ (ṣaqaʕa, “to strike, to beat in on, to percuss, to smash; to crow, to utter a cry (crow, rooster, ass); to be eloquent, to be articulate in speech; to deviate, to alight, to go off from the way”); Verbal noun

صَاقِع

Form I: صَقَعَ (ṣaqaʕa, “to strike, to beat in on, to percuss, to smash; to crow, to utter a cry (crow, rooster, ass); to be eloquent, to be articulate in speech; to deviate, to alight, to go off from the way”); Active participle

صَقَع

Form I: صَقِعَ (ṣaqiʕa, “to collapse, to break down; to be struck by a lightning; to have whiteness in the middle of the head (horse or bird)”); Verbal noun

Form I: صَقِعَ (ṣaqiʕa, “to collapse, to break down; to be struck by a lightning; to have whiteness in the middle of the head (horse or bird)”); Active participle

تَصْقِيع

Form II: صَقَّعَ (ṣaqqaʕa, “to swear an oath; to be ice-cold”); Verbal noun

مُصَقِّع

Form II: صَقَّعَ (ṣaqqaʕa, “to swear an oath; to be ice-cold”); Active participle

إِصْقَاع

Form IV: أَصْقَعَ (ʔaṣqaʕa, “to enter the time of hoarfrost; to be overspread by hoarfrost”); Verbal noun

مُصْقِع

Form IV: أَصْقَعَ (ʔaṣqaʕa, “to enter the time of hoarfrost; to be overspread by hoarfrost”); Active participle

صَقِع

smitten as by a thunderbolt; remote, retired from anyone, absent

صِقَاع

a rag bound under or before the mouth to protect the beneath from stain

صَوْقَعَة

the place of whiteness in the middle of the head of a horse or bird; a piece of rag for protection or turban; place of battle where there is much smiting

أَصْقَع

white in the middle of the head (of a horse or bird)


drem-

*drem-e-ti (thematic root present)

Proto-Germanic: *tremaną

Sanskrit: द्रमति (drámati)

*dr̥m-yé-ti (yé-present)

desctree

Proto-Italic: *dormiō
Latin: dormiō (see there for further descendants)

*drēm-ye-ti (innovated lengthened-grade present)

Proto-Slavic: *drě̄màti (see there for further descendants)

*dróm-o-s

Ancient Greek: δρόμος (drómos) (see there for further descendants)

*dr̥m-é-ti (simple thematic aorist)

Ancient Greek: ἔδραμον (édramon), suppletive aorist of τρέχω (trékhō)


ك و ي

Cognate to Aramaic and Hebrew כ־ו־י (כֹּוֶה (kōwe, “to sear”), Aramaic כְוַאָה / ܟܘܝܐ (kwāyā, “cauterization”) etc.), Akkadian 𒅗𒈬𒌋 (/kawû, kamû/, “to scorch, roast, bake, sear”).

cog

Aramaic כְוַאָה

كَيّ

Form I: كَوَى (kawā, “to sear, to cauterize; to iron, to do (laundry); to sting (of a scorpion)”); Verbal noun

كَاوٍ

Form I: كَوَى (kawā, “to sear, to cauterize; to iron, to do (laundry); to sting (of a scorpion)”); Active participle

اِنْكِوَاء

Form VII: اِنْكَوَى (inkawā, “to be seared”); Verbal noun

مُنْكَوٍ

Form VII: اِنْكَوَى (inkawā, “to be seared”); Active participle

اِكْتِوَاء

Form VIII: اِكْتَوَى (iktawā, “to be seared; to be ironed”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَوٍ

Form VIII: اِكْتَوَى (iktawā, “to be seared; to be ironed”); Active participle

اِسْتِكْوَاء

Form X: اِسْتَكْوَى (istakwā, “to demand cauterization from”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَكْوٍ

Form X: اِسْتَكْوَى (istakwā, “to demand cauterization from”); Active participle

كَوِيّة

crease, the feature of clothing that requires ironing


ض ر م

ضَرَم

Form I: ضَرِمَ (ḍarima, “to burn, to blaze, to flare”); Verbal noun

Form I: ضَرِمَ (ḍarima, “to burn, to blaze, to flare”); Active participle

تَضْرِيم

Form II: ضَرَّمَ (ḍarrama, “to set on fire, to ignite, to kindle”); Verbal noun

مُضَرِّم

Form II: ضَرَّمَ (ḍarrama, “to set on fire, to ignite, to kindle”); Active participle

إِضْرَام

Form IV: أَضْرَمَ (ʔaḍrama, “to set on fire, to ignite, to kindle”); Verbal noun

مُضْرِم

Form IV: أَضْرَمَ (ʔaḍrama, “to set on fire, to ignite, to kindle”); Active participle

تَضَرُّم

Form V: تَضَرَّمَ (taḍarrama, “to be enkindle, to flare, to become ablaze”); Verbal noun

مُتَضَرِّم

Form V: تَضَرَّمَ (taḍarrama, “to be enkindle, to flare, to become ablaze”); Active participle

اِضْطِرَام

Form VIII: اِضْطَرَمَ (iḍṭarama, “to be enkindle, to flare up”); Verbal noun

مُضْطَرِم

Form VIII: اِضْطَرَمَ (iḍṭarama, “to be enkindle, to flare up”); Active participle

ضِرَام

burning, blazing, flaming, fire; fragment of firewood which quickly burn, morsel of timber that flame fierce

ضَرَمَة

a palm-branch kindle in its extremity; the fire itself


ح ج م

حَجْم

Form I: حَجَمَ (ḥajama, “to cup, to apply scarificator and cupping glass on; to restrain, to withhold, to impede”); Verbal noun

حَاجِم

Form I: حَجَمَ (ḥajama, “to cup, to apply scarificator and cupping glass on; to restrain, to withhold, to impede”); Active participle

إِحْجَام

Form IV: أَحْجَمَ (ʔaḥjama, “to swell, to become protuberant; to refrain, to forbear”); Verbal noun

مُحْجِم

Form IV: أَحْجَمَ (ʔaḥjama, “to swell, to become protuberant; to refrain, to forbear”); Active participle

اِحْتِجَام

Form VIII: اِحْتَجَمَ (iḥtajama, “to cup, to apply scarificator and cupping glass on; to restrain, to withhold, to impede”); Verbal noun

مُحْتَجِم

Form VIII: اِحْتَجَمَ (iḥtajama, “to cup, to apply scarificator and cupping glass on; to restrain, to withhold, to impede”); Active participle

حَجُوم

skillful in cupping, of gentle operation


ق م ن

related to aptness, successful intention

تَقَمُّن

Form V: تَقَمَّنَ (taqammana, “to intend”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَمِّن

Form V: تَقَمَّنَ (taqammana, “to intend”); Active participle


ب ر ر

بِرّ

Form I: بَرَّ (barra, “to be pious, to be reverent, to be respectful, to be kind, to be true, to be sincere”); Verbal noun

بَارّ

Form I: بَرَّ (barra, “to be pious, to be reverent, to be respectful, to be kind, to be true, to be sincere”); Active participle

تَبْرِير

Form II: بَرَّرَ (barrara, “to justify”); Verbal noun

مُبَرِّر

Form II: بَرَّرَ (barrara, “to justify”); Active participle

مُبَارَّة

Form III: بَارَّ (bārra, “to do good to”); Verbal noun

مُبَارّ

Form III: بَارَّ (bārra, “to do good to”); Active participle

إِبْرَار

Form IV: أَبَرَّ (ʔabarra, “to perform, to execute, to confirm by fulfilment; to overcome, to be refractory and subdue, to surpass”); Verbal noun

مُبِرّ

Form IV: أَبَرَّ (ʔabarra, “to perform, to execute, to confirm by fulfilment; to overcome, to be refractory and subdue, to surpass”); Active participle

تَبَرُّر

Form V: تَبَرَّرَ (tabarrara, “to endeavour to characterize oneself by piety”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَرِّر

Form V: تَبَرَّرَ (tabarrara, “to endeavour to characterize oneself by piety”); Active participle

تَبَارّ

Form VI: تَبَارَّ (tabārra, “to do good to each other, to practise mutual kindness”); Verbal noun

مُتَبَارّ

Form VI: تَبَارَّ (tabārra, “to do good to each other, to practise mutual kindness”); Active participle

بَرّ

pious, reverent, respectful, kind, true, sincere


و ش م

وَشْم

Form I: وَشَمَ (wašama, “to tattoo”); Verbal noun

وَاشِم

Form I: وَشَمَ (wašama, “to tattoo”); Active participle

تَوْشِيم

Form II: وَشَّمَ (waššama, “to tattoo”); Verbal noun

مُوَشِّم

Form II: وَشَّمَ (waššama, “to tattoo”); Active participle

إِيشَام

Form IV: أَوْشَمَ (ʔawšama); Verbal noun

مُوشِم

Form IV: أَوْشَمَ (ʔawšama); Active participle

اِتِّشَام

Form VIII: اِتَّشَمَ (ittašama, “to tattoo oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَّشِم

Form VIII: اِتَّشَمَ (ittašama, “to tattoo oneself”); Active participle

اِسْتِيشَام

Form X: اِسْتَوْشَمَ (istawšama, “1. to ask for a tattoo; 2. to tattoo oneself”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَوْشِم

Form X: اِسْتَوْشَمَ (istawšama, “1. to ask for a tattoo; 2. to tattoo oneself”); Active participle


Western Branch

Proto-Ch'olan: /*meɓaʔ/ ("poor")

Chʼol Proper

Chʼortiʼ: nebʼaʼ (“bereft; poor”)

Chʼol: mebʼaʼ (“bereft; poor”)

Tzeltalan

Tzeltal: mepʼa (“bereft; poor”)

Qʼanjobalan

Chujean

Tojolabʼal: mebʼa (“bereft; poor”)

desc

Chuj: mebʼa (“bereft; poor”), mebʼaʼ (“bereft; poor”)

Qʼanjobalan Proper

Qʼanjob'al: mebʼaʼ (“bereft; poor”)

Akatek: mepʼaj (“poor; bereft”)

Jakaltek: mebʼaʼ (“bereft; poor”)

Kotoke

Mochoʼ

Motozintleco: meebaaʼ (“poor thing”)

Tuzanteco: mebaaʼ (“bereft; poor”)

Eastern Branch

Mamean

Mamean Proper

Tekitek: meebʼaʼ (“poor; bereft”)

Mam: meebʼaaʼ (“bereft”)

Ixilean

Aguacateca: mebʼaʼ (“poor; bereft”)

Ixil: meʼbʼa (“poor; bereft”)

Quichean

Uspanteko-Quichean

Uspantek: nibʼaʼ (“poor; bereft”)

Quichean Proper

Kʼicheʼ: mebaʼ (“poor; orphan”)

Sipakapense: mebʼaʼ (“bereft”)

Sakapultek: imebʼaʼ (“poor”)

Tzʼutujil: mebʼaaʼ (“poor; bereft”)

Kaqchikel: mebʼaʼ (“bereft; poor”)

Poqom-Q'eqchiʼ

Poqom

Poqomam: mebʼaaʼ (“bereft”); niebʼaʼ (“poor”)

Poqomchiʼ: nebʼaaʼ (“bereft; poor”)

Qʼeqchiʼ: nebʼaʼ (“poor; bereft”)

Quichean

Kaqchikel: meb'ixh (“orphan”)

Quichean

Poqomam: nieb'a7 winaq (“orphan”)

Eastern Branch

Mam: mebʼayiil (“hunger”)

Awakatek: mebʼaʼiil (“hunger”)

Poqomchiʼ: nebʼaʼil (“hunger”)

Qʼeqchiʼ: nebʼaʼil (“hunger”)


Yucatecan Branch

Itzaʼ: oʼtzil (“hunger; poor”)

Mopan: otzil (“hunger; poor”)

Yucatec Maya: óotsil (“poor”)


Proto-Quichean: /tʲʼaʔ.oːχ/

→ Ixil: chʼaʼo (“warrior, soldier”)

Uspantek: chʼoʼj (“warrior, soldier”)

Kʼicheʼ: chʼoʼj (“very angry; war”)

Sipakapa: chʼoʼj (“warrior, soldier”)

Quichean Proper

Sakapultek: chʼojnel (“warrior, soldier”)

Tzʼutujil: chʼojlaʼ (“warrior, soldier”)

Quichean

Uspantek: xchʼojink (“fight”)

Kʼicheʼ: xchʼoʼjanik (“fight”)

Sakapultek: xchʼojnek (“fight”)

Tzʼutujil: xchʼojini (“fight”)


Western Branch

Q'anjobalan

Kotoke

Mochoʼ

Motozintleco: tzʼiʼp (“second child”)

Tuzanteco: tzʼiʼp (“immediately younger sibling”)

Eastern Branch

Mamean

Mamean Proper

Mam: chʼiʼp (“latest child”)

Ixilean

Aguacateca: chʼiʼp (“latest child”)

Quichean

Uspanteko-Quichean

Uspantek: chʼibʼ (“latest child”)

Quichean Proper

Kʼicheʼ: chʼiʼp (“youngest child”)

Sipakapense: chʼiʼp (“latest child”)

Sakapultek: cheʼp (“latest child”)

Tzʼutujil: chʼiʼp (“latest child”)

Kaqchikel: chʼiʼp (“latest child”)

Poqom-Q'eqchiʼ

Poqom

Poqomam: chʼiʼp (“latest child”)

Poqomchiʼ: chʼiʼp (“latest child”)

Qʼeqchiʼ: chʼiʼip (“latest child”)


saṅga

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋga (“hilt of knife or bolo; to support”).


ء ن ث

ar-root

ء ن ث • (ʔ-n-ṯ)

أُنُوثَة

Form I: أَنُثَ (ʔanuṯa, “to be feminine”); Verbal noun

تَأْنِيث

Form II: أَنَّثَ (ʔannaṯa, “to feminise, to make feminine”); Verbal noun

مُؤَنِّث

Form II: أَنَّثَ (ʔannaṯa, “to feminise, to make feminine”); Active participle

إِينَاث

Form IV: آنَثَ (ʔānaṯa, “to give birth to a female”); Verbal noun

مُؤْنِث

Form IV: آنَثَ (ʔānaṯa, “to give birth to a female”); Active participle

تَأَنُّث

Form V: تَأَنَّثَ (taʔannaṯa, “to act feminine”); Verbal noun

مُتَأَنِّث

Form V: تَأَنَّثَ (taʔannaṯa, “to act feminine”); Active participle


-waˑʼɢ

Navajo: baaʼ


-weˑdžʷ

Navajo: -BÉÉZH

Ahtna: yełaets

Koyukon: lebaats


ط ف ح

ط ف ح • (ṭ-f-ḥ)

طَفْح

Form I: طَفَحَ (ṭafaḥa, “to spill over, to overflow, to burst”); Verbal noun

طَافِح

Form I: طَفَحَ (ṭafaḥa, “to spill over, to overflow, to burst”); Active participle

تَطْفِيح

Form II: طَفَّحَ (ṭaffaḥa, “fill up to the brim”); Verbal noun

مُطَفِّح

Form II: طَفَّحَ (ṭaffaḥa, “fill up to the brim”); Active participle

إِطْفَاح

Form IV: أَطْفَحَ (ʔaṭfaḥa, “fill up to the brim”); Verbal noun

مُطْفِح

Form IV: أَطْفَحَ (ʔaṭfaḥa, “fill up to the brim”); Active participle

اِطِّفَاح

Form VIII: اِطَّفَحَ (iṭṭafaḥa, “to take off the scum of”); Verbal noun

مُطَّفِح

Form VIII: اِطَّفَحَ (iṭṭafaḥa, “to take off the scum of”); Active participle


ث م ل

ثَمْل

Form I: ثَمَلَ (ṯamala, “to stay, to remain; to assist; to give to eat; to eat”); Verbal noun

ثَامِل

Form I: ثَمَلَ (ṯamala, “to stay, to remain; to assist; to give to eat; to eat”); Active participle

ثَمَل

Form I: ثَمِلَ (ṯamila, “to stay; to get drunk”); Verbal noun

Form I: ثَمِلَ (ṯamila, “to stay; to get drunk”); Active participle

تَثْمِيل

Form II: ثَمَّلَ (ṯammala, “to make remain, to leave”); Verbal noun

مُثَمِّل

Form II: ثَمَّلَ (ṯammala, “to make remain, to leave”); Active participle

إِثْمَال

Form IV: أَثْمَلَ (ʔaṯmala, “to give off froth; to make drunk”); Verbal noun

مُثْمِل

Form IV: أَثْمَلَ (ʔaṯmala, “to give off froth; to make drunk”); Active participle

تَثَمُّل

Form V: تَثَمَّلَ (taṯammala, “to sip what is in the vessel”); Verbal noun

مُتَثَمِّل

Form V: تَثَمَّلَ (taṯammala, “to sip what is in the vessel”); Active participle

ثُمْلَة

parched grain or dates; a little water remaining in a rock or valley


خ ض ب

خ ض ب • (ḵ-ḍ-b)

خَضْب

Form I: خَضَبَ (ḵaḍaba, “to dye, to tinge, to imbue with color”); Verbal noun

خَاضِب

Form I: خَضَبَ (ḵaḍaba, “to dye, to tinge, to imbue with color”); Active participle

خُضُوب

Form I: خَضِبَ (ḵaḍiba, “to become green (twigs)”); Verbal noun

Form I: خَضِبَ (ḵaḍiba, “to become green (twigs)”); Active participle

تَخْضِيب

Form II: خَضَّبَ (ḵaḍḍaba, “to dye thoroughly, to tinge, to imbue with color”); Verbal noun

مُخَضِّب

Form II: خَضَّبَ (ḵaḍḍaba, “to dye thoroughly, to tinge, to imbue with color”); Active participle

إِخْضَاب

Form IV: أَخْضَبَ (ʔaḵḍaba, “to become green (twigs)”); Verbal noun

مُخْضِب

Form IV: أَخْضَبَ (ʔaḵḍaba, “to become green (twigs)”); Active participle

تَخَضُّب

Form V: تَخَضَّبَ (taḵaḍḍaba, “to dye, to tinge, to imbue with color”); Verbal noun

مُتَخَضِّب

Form V: تَخَضَّبَ (taḵaḍḍaba, “to dye, to tinge, to imbue with color”); Active participle

اِنْخِضَاب

Form VII: اِنْخَضَبَ (inḵaḍaba, “to be dyed”); Verbal noun

مُنْخَضِب

Form VII: اِنْخَضَبَ (inḵaḍaba, “to be dyed”); Active participle

اِخْتِضَاب

Form VIII: اِخْتَضَبَ (iḵtaḍaba, “to dye, to tinge, to imbue with color; to dye oneself, to tinge oneself, to imbue oneself with color”); Verbal noun

مُخْتَضِب

Form VIII: اِخْتَضَبَ (iḵtaḍaba, “to dye, to tinge, to imbue with color; to dye oneself, to tinge oneself, to imbue oneself with color”); Active participle

اِخْضِيضَاب

Form XII: اِخْضَوْضَبَ (iḵḍawḍaba, “to become green (twigs)”); Verbal noun

مُخْضَوْضِب

Form XII: اِخْضَوْضَبَ (iḵḍawḍaba, “to become green (twigs)”); Active participle

خَضِيب

something dyed; the name of a constellation


د م ن

related to something laid over the surface

دَمْن

Form I: دَمَنَ (damana, “to adjust, to put into a more proper state; to dung, to manure”); Verbal noun

دَامِن

Form I: دَمَنَ (damana, “to adjust, to put into a more proper state; to dung, to manure”); Active participle

دَمَن

Form I: دَمِنَ (damina, “to bear rancour against, to have spite wither; to last, to be continual”); Verbal noun

Form I: دَمِنَ (damina, “to bear rancour against, to have spite wither; to last, to be continual”); Active participle

تَدْمِين

Form II: دَمَّنَ (dammana, “to dung on, to stale on, to leave droppings on, to blacken with sharn; to dung, to manure”); Verbal noun

مُدَمِّن

Form II: دَمَّنَ (dammana, “to dung on, to stale on, to leave droppings on, to blacken with sharn; to dung, to manure”); Active participle

إِدْمَان

Form IV: أَدْمَنَ (ʔadmana, “to do continual, to cleave to, to devote oneself to; to be addicted to”); Verbal noun

مُدْمِن

Form IV: أَدْمَنَ (ʔadmana, “to do continual, to cleave to, to devote oneself to; to be addicted to”); Active participle

تَدَمُّن

Form V: تَدَمَّنَ (tadammana, “to have dung falling onto oneself”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَمِّن

Form V: تَدَمَّنَ (tadammana, “to have dung falling onto oneself”); Active participle

اِسْتِدْمَان

Form X: اِسْتَدْمَنَ (istadmana, “to exert oneself”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَدْمِن

Form X: اِسْتَدْمَنَ (istadmana, “to exert oneself”); Active participle

دَمَان

dung, manure; rottenness of a palm, putrid spadix, foul date; callus, welt

دِمْنَة

dunghill; dunghill, dropping of beast; remain of a campsite in the desert, of a settlement, or of a fortress, ruin


د م ل

دَمْل

Form I: دَمَلَ (damala, “to adjust, to put into a more proper state; to dung, to manure; to heal, to cicatrize”); Verbal noun

دَامِل

Form I: دَمَلَ (damala, “to adjust, to put into a more proper state; to dung, to manure; to heal, to cicatrize”); Active participle

تَدْمِيل

Form II: دَمَّلَ (dammala, “to form boils”); Verbal noun

مُدَمِّل

Form II: دَمَّلَ (dammala, “to form boils”); Active participle

مُدَامَلَة

Form III: دَامَلَ (dāmala, “to wheedle, to cajole, to treat with blandishment; to inflict a blessure upon”); Verbal noun

مُدَامِل

Form III: دَامَلَ (dāmala, “to wheedle, to cajole, to treat with blandishment; to inflict a blessure upon”); Active participle

إِدْمَال

Form IV: أَدْمَلَ (ʔadmala, “to heal, to cicatrize (wound)”); Verbal noun

مُدْمِل

Form IV: أَدْمَلَ (ʔadmala, “to heal, to cicatrize (wound)”); Active participle

تَدَمُّل

Form V: تَدَمَّلَ (tadammala, “to be put into the proper state with dung; to form boils, to ulcerate”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَمِّل

Form V: تَدَمَّلَ (tadammala, “to be put into the proper state with dung; to form boils, to ulcerate”); Active participle

تَدَامُل

Form VI: تَدَامَلَ (tadāmala, “to become reconciled”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَامِل

Form VI: تَدَامَلَ (tadāmala, “to become reconciled”); Active participle

اِنْدِمَال

Form VII: اِنْدَمَلَ (indamala, “to fester, to become more ulcerous, to ulcerate”); Verbal noun

مُنْدَمِل

Form VII: اِنْدَمَلَ (indamala, “to fester, to become more ulcerous, to ulcerate”); Active participle


ض م د

ضَمْد

Form I: ضَمَدَ (ḍamada, “to bandage, to patch, to dress, to bind, to pad”); Verbal noun

ضَامِد

Form I: ضَمَدَ (ḍamada, “to bandage, to patch, to dress, to bind, to pad”); Active participle

تَضْمِيد

Form II: ضَمَّدَ (ḍammada, “to bandage, to patch, to dress, to bind, to pad”); Verbal noun

مُضَمِّد

Form II: ضَمَّدَ (ḍammada, “to bandage, to patch, to dress, to bind, to pad”); Active participle

تَضَمُّد

Form V: تَضَمَّدَ (taḍammada, “to be bandage, to be patch, to be dress, to be bound, to be pad, to be poultice, to be yoke”); Verbal noun

مُتَضَمِّد

Form V: تَضَمَّدَ (taḍammada, “to be bandage, to be patch, to be dress, to be bound, to be pad, to be poultice, to be yoke”); Active participle

اِضْطِمَاد

Form VIII: اِضْطَمَدَ (iḍṭamada, “to suppress the resentment”); Verbal noun

مُضْطَمِد

Form VIII: اِضْطَمَدَ (iḍṭamada, “to suppress the resentment”); Active participle


*h₂éng-os ~ *h₂éng-es-os

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἄγγος (ángos)

Proto-Hellenic:

desctree

Ancient Greek: ἀγγεῖον (angeîon), ἀγγήϊον (angḗïon) — Ionic
→ Greek: αγγείο n (angeío, “vessel, pot, jar”) (learned)

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Proto-Slavic: *ǫgъlъ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *ankulaz (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hanguri-

Mazanderani: انگل (angal)

desc

Persian: انگل (angul, angal), انگول (angūl)

Sanskrit: अङ्गुरि (aṅguri), अङ्गुलि (aṅguli), अङ्गुली (aṅgulī) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *angulos

Latin: angulus (see there for further descendants)

⇒ *h₂eng-u-s-tHo-

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hangúštʰas (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hángas

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hángas

Sanskrit: अङ्ग (aṅga) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian A: ānkar

Tocharian B: āṅkär


م ح ل

مَحْل

Form I: مَحَلَ (maḥala, “to injure by malignant insinuation, to intrigue against”), مَحِلَ (maḥila, “to injure by malignant insinuation, to intrigue against”), مَحُلَ (maḥula, “to injure by malignant insinuation, to intrigue against”); Verbal noun

مَاحِل

Form I: مَحَلَ (maḥala, “to injure by malignant insinuation, to intrigue against”), مَحِلَ (maḥila, “to injure by malignant insinuation, to intrigue against”), مَحُلَ (maḥula, “to injure by malignant insinuation, to intrigue against”); Active participle

مَحْل

Form I: مَحَلَ (maḥala, “to be sterile, to be barren”), مَحِلَ (maḥila, “to be sterile, to be barren”), مَحُلَ (maḥula, “to be sterile, to be barren”); Verbal noun

مَاحِل

Form I: مَحَلَ (maḥala, “to be sterile, to be barren”), مَحِلَ (maḥila, “to be sterile, to be barren”), مَحُلَ (maḥula, “to be sterile, to be barren”); Active participle

مُمَاحَلَة

Form III: مَاحَلَ (māḥala, “to be hostile to, to betray”); Verbal noun

مُمَاحِل

Form III: مَاحَلَ (māḥala, “to be hostile to, to betray”); Active participle

إِمْحَال

Form IV: أَمْحَلَ (ʔamḥala, “to become sterile and dry out; to labour from scarcity of food”); Verbal noun

مُمْحِل

Form IV: أَمْحَلَ (ʔamḥala, “to become sterile and dry out; to labour from scarcity of food”); Active participle

تَمَحُّل

Form V: تَمَحَّلَ (tamaḥḥala, “to intrigue for, to make of ruse for”); Verbal noun

مُتَمَحِّل

Form V: تَمَحَّلَ (tamaḥḥala, “to intrigue for, to make of ruse for”); Active participle


ش ر ش ر

ar-root

ش ر ش ر • (š-r-š-r)

Probably the words for puncture-vine are the originals and from the root ش ر ر (š-r-r), since it is bad if a caltrop gets in the way. See another root derivation in ش ر س (š-r-s).

شَرْشَرَة

Form Iq: شَرْشَرَ (šaršara, “to scatter, to make abound all over”); Verbal noun

مُشَرْشِر

Form Iq: شَرْشَرَ (šaršara, “to scatter, to make abound all over”); Active participle


ف ل ل

إِفْلَال

Form IV: أَفَلَّ (ʔafalla, “to become devoid of herbage; to become deprive of property”); Verbal noun

تَفَلُّل

Form V: تَفَلَّلَ (tafallala); Verbal noun

فَلّ

notch, nick, incision; piece broken off because of notch, fragment, sliver; meagre remnant, piece of rubble; a company of men detach or broken off after the defeat of the rest; fall

فِلّ

land where there is no herbage, destitute region; devoid, destitute; fill

related to broken pieces, fragments, chips

اِسْتِفْلَال

Form X: اِسْتَفَلَّ (istafalla, “to take the least portion of, to obtain a little thing from a difficult place”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَفَلّ

related to notches or indentations, especially on an edge

فَلّ

Form I: فَلَّ (falla, “notch, to nick; to break the sharpness of, to defeat”); Verbal noun

فَالّ

Form I: فَلَّ (falla, “notch, to nick; to break the sharpness of, to defeat”); Active participle

تَفْلِيل

Form II: فَلَّلَ (fallala, “to make have notch, to jag”); Verbal noun

مُفَلِّل

Form II: فَلَّلَ (fallala, “to make have notch, to jag”); Active participle

مُفِلّ

Form IV: أَفَلَّ (ʔafalla, “to become devoid of herbage; to become deprive of property”); Active participle

مُتَفَلِّل

Form V: تَفَلَّلَ (tafallala); Active participle

اِنْفِلَال

Form VII: اِنْفَلَّ (infalla, “to become notch, to get the jag broken; to get defeat”); Verbal noun

مُنْفَلّ

Form VII: اِنْفَلَّ (infalla, “to become notch, to get the jag broken; to get defeat”); Active participle

مُسْتَفِلّ

Form X: اِسْتَفَلَّ (istafalla, “to take the least portion of, to obtain a little thing from a difficult place”); Active participle


ъынп-

head

ъынп- (ʔənp-)


ل ط س

لَطْس

Form I: لَطَسَ (laṭasa, “to beat to break, to hit, to pound”); Verbal noun

لَاطِس

Form I: لَطَسَ (laṭasa, “to beat to break, to hit, to pound”); Active participle


mboɗ-

Alternative form of woɗ- (be superstitious, have a taboo).


woɗ-

(Nigerian Fulfulde) consider as unlucky; avoid as taboo


ل ط خ

ar-root

ل ط خ • (l-ṭ-ḵ)

لَطْخ

Form I: لَطَخَ (laṭaḵa, “to sully, to inquinate, to mud, to smirch, to smudge”); Verbal noun

لَاطِخ

Form I: لَطَخَ (laṭaḵa, “to sully, to inquinate, to mud, to smirch, to smudge”); Active participle

تَلْطِيخ

Form II: لَطَّخَ (laṭṭaḵa, “to sully, to inquinate, to mud, to smirch, to smudge”); Verbal noun

مُلَطِّخ

Form II: لَطَّخَ (laṭṭaḵa, “to sully, to inquinate, to mud, to smirch, to smudge”); Active participle

تَلَطُّخ

Form V: تَلَطَّخَ (talaṭṭaḵa, “to be sullied, to be inquinate, to be mud, to be smirch, to be smudge”); Verbal noun

مُتَلَطِّخ

Form V: تَلَطَّخَ (talaṭṭaḵa, “to be sullied, to be inquinate, to be mud, to be smirch, to be smudge”); Active participle

لُطَاخ

a pathological state of patch, such as in leukoplakia


ل ط ش

ل ط ش • (l-ṭ-š)

لَطْش

Form I: لَطَشَ (laṭaša, “to beat to break, to hit, to pound”); Verbal noun

لَاطِش

Form I: لَطَشَ (laṭaša, “to beat to break, to hit, to pound”); Active participle

تَلْطِيش

Form II: لَطَّشَ (laṭṭaša, “to beat to break, to hit, to pound”); Verbal noun

مُلَطِّش

Form II: لَطَّشَ (laṭṭaša, “to beat to break, to hit, to pound”); Active participle

مُلَاطَشَة

Form III: لَاطَشَ (lāṭaša, “to make noise by crossing swords with”); Verbal noun

مُلَاطِش

Form III: لَاطَشَ (lāṭaša, “to make noise by crossing swords with”); Active participle

تَلَاطُش

Form VI: تَلَاطَشَ (talāṭaša, “to cross swords”); Verbal noun

مُتَلَاطِش

Form VI: تَلَاطَشَ (talāṭaša, “to cross swords”); Active participle


-ра-

Уттыъут -> уттыран

рараӈа
yaranga

Root denoting a house, home or a yaranga.


ء د ب

اَدَب

Form I: أَدُبَ (ʔaduba, “to be well-bred, well-mannered, cultured, urbane, have refined tastes”); Verbal noun

Form I: أَدُبَ (ʔaduba, “to be well-bred, well-mannered, cultured, urbane, have refined tastes”); Active participle

اَدْب

Form I: أَدَبَ (ʔadaba, “to invite (to a party or banquet), entertain”); Verbal noun

آدِب

Form I: أَدَبَ (ʔadaba, “to invite (to a party or banquet), entertain”); Active participle

تَأْدِيب

Form II: أَدَّبَ (ʔaddaba, “to refine, educate; to discipline, punish, chastise”); Verbal noun

مُؤَدِّب

Form II: أَدَّبَ (ʔaddaba, “to refine, educate; to discipline, punish, chastise”); Active participle

إِيدَاب

Form IV: آدَبَ (ʔādaba, “to invite as a guest”); Verbal noun

مُؤْدِب

Form IV: آدَبَ (ʔādaba, “to invite as a guest”); Active participle

تَأَدُّب

Form V: تَأَدَّبَ (taʔaddaba, “to receive a fine education; to be well-bred, well-educated; to show oneself polite, courteous; to educate oneself, refine one's tastes (ب, by, through); to let oneself be guided (ب, by)”); Verbal noun

مُتَأَدِّب

Form V: تَأَدَّبَ (taʔaddaba, “to receive a fine education; to be well-bred, well-educated; to show oneself polite, courteous; to educate oneself, refine one's tastes (ب, by, through); to let oneself be guided (ب, by)”); Active participle

أَدَب

culture, refinement; good manners; the humanities

أَدِيب

cultured, refined, educated; well-bred, well-mannered; man of culture; man of letters, writer, author

تَأْدِيب

education; discipline; punishment, chastisement

تَأَدُّب

good breeding, good manners, civility, politeness, tact


kī̆-

Albanian: kij

Albanian: qij (with palatalized velar)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)keh₂i-, *(s)keyh₂- (“to beat, cuff, poke”). Cognate to Latin caiō (“to cut, hew”) and the like.


tsaˑʼy

Navajo: -TSAII


qʼutšʼ

Proto-Apachean:

Navajo: -KʼǪSH


huˑs

Navajo: -DZĮ́Į́Z


و ش ي

وَشْي

Form I: وَشَى (wašā, “to variegate, to embroider, to embellish with striped colour, to tinsel; to refine with fabrication, to add sham to”); Verbal noun

وَاشٍ

Form I: وَشَى (wašā, “to variegate, to embroider, to embellish with striped colour, to tinsel; to refine with fabrication, to add sham to”); Active participle

وَشْي

Form I: وَشَى (wašā, “to denounce, to rat on, to finger, to snitch on”); Verbal noun

وَاشٍ

Form I: وَشَى (wašā, “to denounce, to rat on, to finger, to snitch on”); Active participle

تَوْشِيَة

Form II: وَشَّى (waššā, “to embellish, to ornament”); Verbal noun

مُوَشٍّ

Form II: وَشَّى (waššā, “to embellish, to ornament”); Active participle

إِيشَاء

Form IV: أَوْشَى (ʔawšā, “to spur on to test the running power of; to bring out, to pull out; to abundate”); Verbal noun

مُوشٍ

Form IV: أَوْشَى (ʔawšā, “to spur on to test the running power of; to bring out, to pull out; to abundate”); Active participle

تَوَشٍّ

Form V: تَوَشَّى (tawaššā, “to be embroidered, to be variegated”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَشٍّ

Form V: تَوَشَّى (tawaššā, “to be embroidered, to be variegated”); Active participle

اِسْتِيشَاء

Form X: اِسْتَوْشَى (istawšā, “to spur on to test the running power of”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَوْشٍ

Form X: اِسْتَوْشَى (istawšā, “to spur on to test the running power of”); Active participle

وَشْي

embroidery, embellishment of variegation


ن ز ه

نَزَاهَة

Form I: نَزُهَ (nazuha, “to be pure from, to be aloof, to be undefiled”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَزُهَ (nazuha, “to be pure from, to be aloof, to be undefiled”); Active participle

نَزَه

Form I: نَزِهَ (naziha, “to be free of reproach, to be honest”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَزِهَ (naziha, “to be free of reproach, to be honest”); Active participle

تَنْزِيه

Form II: نَزَّهَ (nazzaha, “to exempt, to liberate; to deem pure from, to hold as aloof; to let go about for pleasure, to let promenade”); Verbal noun

مُنَزِّه

Form II: نَزَّهَ (nazzaha, “to exempt, to liberate; to deem pure from, to hold as aloof; to let go about for pleasure, to let promenade”); Active participle

تَنَزُّه

Form V: تَنَزَّهَ (tanazzaha, “to be pure, to be aloof [with عَن (ʕan) ‘from’]; to go on a pleasure trip, to go out, to go for a walk, to stroll about”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَزِّه

Form V: تَنَزَّهَ (tanazzaha, “to be pure, to be aloof [with عَن (ʕan) ‘from’]; to go on a pleasure trip, to go out, to go for a walk, to stroll about”); Active participle

نَزِه and نَزِيه

amene, agreeable, salubrious; free from partiality, fair, honest, free of reproach, blameless

نُزْهَة

an amene activity, a pleasure trip, a stroll

مُنْتَزَه

place of entertainment; pleasure walk; place where one takes a pleasure walk, park


و ص د

وَصَد

Form I: وَصَدَ (waṣada, “to weave; to be firm; to remain, to abide”); Verbal noun

وَاصِد

Form I: وَصَدَ (waṣada, “to weave; to be firm; to remain, to abide”); Active participle

تَوْصِيد

Form II: وَصَّدَ (waṣṣada, “to bid to be cautious”); Verbal noun

مُوَصِّد

Form II: وَصَّدَ (waṣṣada, “to bid to be cautious”); Active participle

إِيصَاد

Form IV: أَوْصَدَ (ʔawṣada, “to make firm, to consolidate; to close, to shut, to encase up to inaccessibility”); Verbal noun

مُوصِد

Form IV: أَوْصَدَ (ʔawṣada, “to make firm, to consolidate; to close, to shut, to encase up to inaccessibility”); Active participle

اِسْتِيصَاد

Form X: اِسْتَوْصَدَ (istawṣada, “to make an inclosure of stones”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَوْصِد

Form X: اِسْتَوْصَدَ (istawṣada, “to make an inclosure of stones”); Active participle

وَصِيد

threshold, doorstep or doorway; locked, shut; narrow

وَصِيدَة

inclosure of stone for beast in open air


د س م

Compare د س ر (d-s-r), س ط م (s ṭ m), س د د (s d d).

دَسْم

Form I: دَسَمَ (dasama, “to obturate, to block up, to lock up, to stuff; to besmear, to efface, to obliterate”); Verbal noun

دَاسِم

Form I: دَسَمَ (dasama, “to obturate, to block up, to lock up, to stuff; to besmear, to efface, to obliterate”); Active participle

إِدْسَام

Form IV: أَدْسَمَ (ʔadsama, “to obturate, to block up, to lock up”); Verbal noun

مُدْسِم

Form IV: أَدْسَمَ (ʔadsama, “to obturate, to block up, to lock up”); Active participle

دَسَم

Form I: دَسِمَ (dasima, “to have much fat, to be greasy, to drip of adeps”); Verbal noun

Form I: دَسِمَ (dasima, “to have much fat, to be greasy, to drip of adeps”); Active participle

تَدْسِيم

Form II: دَسَّمَ (dassama, “to make greasy”); Verbal noun

مُدَسِّم

Form II: دَسَّمَ (dassama, “to make greasy”); Active participle

تَدَسُّم

Form V: تَدَسَّمَ (tadassama, “to become dripping of fat”); Verbal noun

مُتَدَسِّم

Form V: تَدَسَّمَ (tadassama, “to become dripping of fat”); Active participle


ف ط س

Cognate to Aramaic פ־ט־שׁ (p-ṭ-š) related to flatness.

فُطُوس

Form I: فَطَسَ (faṭasa, “to die, to be snuff”); Verbal noun

فَاطِس

Form I: فَطَسَ (faṭasa, “to die, to be snuff”); Active participle

فَطْس

Form I: فَطَسَ (faṭasa, “to tread vehement, to beat down or flat”); Verbal noun

فَاطِس

Form I: فَطَسَ (faṭasa, “to tread vehement, to beat down or flat”); Active participle

فَطَس

Form I: فَطِسَ (faṭisa, “to be camoys, to be flat-nosed, to have the bone of the nose wide and depress”); Verbal noun

Form I: فَطِسَ (faṭisa, “to be camoys, to be flat-nosed, to have the bone of the nose wide and depress”); Active participle

تَفْطِيس

Form II: فَطَّسَ (faṭṭasa, “to kill, to suffocate, to strangulate”); Verbal noun

مُفَطِّس

Form II: فَطَّسَ (faṭṭasa, “to kill, to suffocate, to strangulate”); Active participle

أَفْطَس

flat-nosed, camoys, having the bone of the nose wide and depress

singulative فَطْسَة

myrtle berries; bead or small sphere used for decoration or for fascination; skin of a beast that has not been slaughter in a ritual manner


ن ذ ر

related to the assertion that a thing will happen in the future

نَذْر

Form I: نَذَرَ (naḏara, “to vow”); Verbal noun

نَاذِر

Form I: نَذَرَ (naḏara, “to vow”); Active participle

نَذَر

Form I: نَذِرَ (naḏira, “to be on one’s guard”); Verbal noun

Form I: نَذِرَ (naḏira, “to be on one’s guard”); Active participle

تَنْذِير

Form II: نَذَّرَ (naḏḏara, “to profess before”); Verbal noun

مُنَذِّر

Form II: نَذَّرَ (naḏḏara, “to profess before”); Active participle

إِنْذَار

Form IV: أَنْذَرَ (ʔanḏara, “to put on guard, to caution, to warn”); Verbal noun

مُنْذِر

Form IV: أَنْذَرَ (ʔanḏara, “to put on guard, to caution, to warn”); Active participle

تَنَاذُر

Form VI: تَنَاذَرَ (tanāḏara, “to caution one another”); Verbal noun

مُتَنَاذِر

Form VI: تَنَاذَرَ (tanāḏara, “to caution one another”); Active participle

اِنْتِذَار

Form VIII: اِنْتَذَرَ (intaḏara, “to be put on guard”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَذِر

Form VIII: اِنْتَذَرَ (intaḏara, “to be put on guard”); Active participle


ن ك ه

نَكْه

Form I: نَكَهَ (nakaha, “to blow into the nostril of, to exhale one’s spirit towards”); Verbal noun

نَاكِه

Form I: نَكَهَ (nakaha, “to blow into the nostril of, to exhale one’s spirit towards”); Active participle

تَنْكِيه

Form II: نَكَّهَ (nakkaha, “to flavour, to add aroma to”); Verbal noun

مُنَكِّه

Form II: نَكَّهَ (nakkaha, “to flavour, to add aroma to”); Active participle

اِسْتِنْكَاه

Form X: اِسْتَنْكَهَ (istankaha, “to try to perceive the breath of”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَنْكِه

Form X: اِسْتَنْكَهَ (istankaha, “to try to perceive the breath of”); Active participle


Proto-Germanic: *slaihǭ (“sloe”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *loiros

⇒ Latin: lūridus (“ghastly yellow”) (+ -idus)

⇒ Latin: lūror (“sickly yellow colour”) (+ -or)

>? Proto-Celtic: *(s)lairā

Proto-Brythonic: *lloɨr (“moon”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sliˀwā́ˀ

Proto-Slavic: *slìva (“plum”)

Proto-Celtic: *līwos (“colour”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *līwos

desc

⇒ Latin: līveō (“to be bluish in color; livid”) (+ -eo)

⇒ Latin: līvidus (“leaden, bluish, blue; black and blue, livid”) (+ -idus)


*h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath; spirit”)

Proto-Germanic: *ēþmô (“breath, spirit”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáHtmā (“breath; soul, self”) (see there for further descendants)

q

Proto-Tocharian: *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”) (conflation with PIE *h₂enh₁mos (“breath”))

Tocharian A: āñcäm

Tocharian B: āñme

*h₁éh₁t-r̥ ~ *h₁h₁t-éns (“lung, internal organ”)

Proto-Germanic: *ēþrǭ (“vein”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἦτορ (êtor, “heart”)

Unsorted formations:

Proto-Celtic: *atākos

desc

Old Irish: athach (“breath; blowing, wind”)

Proto-Germanic: *ēþmaz (see there for further descendants)

Possibly onomatopoeic, compare *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”).


ق ر ي

قِرًى

Form I: قَرَى (qarā, “to receive or treat as a guest, to entertain”); Verbal noun

قَارٍ

Form I: قَرَى (qarā, “to receive or treat as a guest, to entertain”); Active participle

إِقْرَاء

Form IV: أَقْرَى (ʔaqrā, “to come to in order to ask hospitality from; to live in the village”); Verbal noun

مُقْرٍ

Form IV: أَقْرَى (ʔaqrā, “to come to in order to ask hospitality from; to live in the village”); Active participle

اِقْتِرَاء

Form VIII: اِقْتَرَى (iqtarā, “to receive or treat as a guest, to entertain; to ask for a hospitable reception”); Verbal noun

مُقْتَرٍ

Form VIII: اِقْتَرَى (iqtarā, “to receive or treat as a guest, to entertain; to ask for a hospitable reception”); Active participle


ق ر و

قَرْو

Form I: قَرَا (qarā, “to peragrate, to travel through, to follow up with perseverance”); Verbal noun

قَارٍ

Form I: قَرَا (qarā, “to peragrate, to travel through, to follow up with perseverance”); Active participle

إِقْرَاء

Form IV: أَقْرَى (ʔaqrā, “to have back-pain”); Verbal noun

مُقْرٍ

Form IV: أَقْرَى (ʔaqrā, “to have back-pain”); Active participle

تَقَرٍّ

Form V: تَقَرَّى (taqarrā, “to traverse, to peragrate, to follow the water of, to run from place to place in, to follow up, to investigate”); Verbal noun

مُتَقَرٍّ

Form V: تَقَرَّى (taqarrā, “to traverse, to peragrate, to follow the water of, to run from place to place in, to follow up, to investigate”); Active participle

اِقْتِرَاء

Form VIII: اِقْتَرَى (iqtarā, “to traverse, to peragrate; to follow for imitation”); Verbal noun

مُقْتَرٍ

Form VIII: اِقْتَرَى (iqtarā, “to traverse, to peragrate; to follow for imitation”); Active participle

اِسْتِقْرَاء

Form X: اِسْتَقْرَى (istaqrā, “to traverse, to peragrate; to be full of pus; to examine, to investigate”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَقْرٍ

Form X: اِسْتَقْرَى (istaqrā, “to traverse, to peragrate; to be full of pus; to examine, to investigate”); Active participle

قَرْو

large receptacle to dispense liquid through, trough, outlet

قَرْوَة

rupture of the testicles; excavated palm-heart from which one drinks

قَرِيّ

channel, creek wherein water flows down mountain; thick but not sour milk

قَارِيَة

a kind of bird believed to announce rain; someone who is followed because the follower hopes gain from it


و ج ر

وَجْر

Form I: وَجَرَ (wajara, “to make intake oral, to put into the mouth of”); Verbal noun

وَاجِر

Form I: وَجَرَ (wajara, “to make intake oral, to put into the mouth of”); Active participle

إِيجَار

Form IV: أَوْجَرَ (ʔawjara, “to make intake oral, to put into the mouth of”); Verbal noun

مُوجِر

Form IV: أَوْجَرَ (ʔawjara, “to make intake oral, to put into the mouth of”); Active participle

تَوَجُّر

Form V: تَوَجَّرَ (tawajjara, “to take into the mouth”); Verbal noun

مُتَوَجِّر

Form V: تَوَجَّرَ (tawajjara, “to take into the mouth”); Active participle

اِتِّجَار

Form VIII: اِتَّجَرَ (ittajara, “to swallow having intaken orally”); Verbal noun

مُتَّجِر

Form VIII: اِتَّجَرَ (ittajara, “to swallow having intaken orally”); Active participle


و ج ز

وَجْز

Form I: وَجَزَ (wajaza, “to be swift, to be prompt, to be short and precise”); Verbal noun

وَاجِز

Form I: وَجَزَ (wajaza, “to be swift, to be prompt, to be short and precise”); Active participle

وَجَازَة

Form I: وَجُزَ (wajuza, “to be swift, to be prompt, to be short and precise”); Verbal noun

Form I: وَجُزَ (wajuza, “to be swift, to be prompt, to be short and precise”); Active participle

إِيجَاز

Form IV: أَوْجَزَ (ʔawjaza, “to give short and precise, to sum up, to express in a conceptist fashion”); Verbal noun

مُوجِز

Form IV: أَوْجَزَ (ʔawjaza, “to give short and precise, to sum up, to express in a conceptist fashion”); Active participle


س م ج

سَمَاجَة

Form I: سَمُجَ (samuja, “to be unseemly, to be awkward, to be sick or disgusting, to be loathsome”); Verbal noun

Form I: سَمُجَ (samuja, “to be unseemly, to be awkward, to be sick or disgusting, to be loathsome”); Active participle

تَسْمِيج

Form II: سَمَّجَ (sammaja, “to render unseemly, to render awkward, to make sick or disgusting, to let be loathsome”); Verbal noun

مُسَمِّج

Form II: سَمَّجَ (sammaja, “to render unseemly, to render awkward, to make sick or disgusting, to let be loathsome”); Active participle

اِسْتِسْمَاج

Form X: اِسْتَسْمَجَ (istasmaja, “to deem unseemly, to reckon loathsome”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَسْمِج

Form X: اِسْتَسْمَجَ (istasmaja, “to deem unseemly, to reckon loathsome”); Active participle

سَمْج and سَمِيج

unseemly, awkward, sick or disgusting, loathsome, deform


ب و ن

بَوْن

Form I: بَانَ (bāna, “to excel, to surpass in virtues”); Verbal noun

Form I: بَانَ (bāna, “to excel, to surpass in virtues”); Active participle


ر ج س

Form I: رَجِسَ (rajisa, “to be dirty, to be filthy; to act shamefully, to do something shameful or disgraceful”); Active participle

مَرْجُوس

Form I: رَجُسَ (rajusa, “id.”); Active participle

تَرْجِيس

Form II: رَجَّسَ (rajjasa, “to sully, to make dirty; to cover with opprobrium, to make appear shameful”); Verbal noun

مُرَجِّس

Form II: رَجَّسَ (rajjasa, “to sully, to make dirty; to cover with opprobrium, to make appear shameful”); Active participle

تَرَجُّس

Form V: تَرَجَّسَ (tarajjasa, “to become filthy”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَجِّس

Form V: تَرَجَّسَ (tarajjasa, “to become filthy”); Active participle


ر ك ز

رَكْز

Form I: رَكَزَ (rakaza, “to plant into the ground, to embed”); Verbal noun

رَاكِز

Form I: رَكَزَ (rakaza, “to plant into the ground, to embed”); Active participle

تَرْكِيز

Form II: رَكَّزَ (rakkaza, “to fix firmly, to stick with intensity; to concentrate, to focus”); Verbal noun

مُرَكِّز

Form II: رَكَّزَ (rakkaza, “to fix firmly, to stick with intensity; to concentrate, to focus”); Active participle

إِرْكَاز

Form IV: أَرْكَزَ (ʔarkaza, “to find ores, to have abundance of ores”); Verbal noun

مُرْكِز

Form IV: أَرْكَزَ (ʔarkaza, “to find ores, to have abundance of ores”); Active participle

تَرَكُّز

Form V: تَرَكَّزَ (tarakkaza, “to concentrate”); Verbal noun

مُتَرَكِّز

Form V: تَرَكَّزَ (tarakkaza, “to concentrate”); Active participle

اِرْتِكَاز

Form VIII: اِرْتَكَزَ (irtakaza, “to become fixed into the ground”); Verbal noun

مُرْتَكِز

Form VIII: اِرْتَكَزَ (irtakaza, “to become fixed into the ground”); Active participle

رِكْز

low sound; a forbearing, munificent or liberal man

رَكِيزَة

carrying pole, supporting pillar; prop, bedrock


복잡

복잡하다 복잡하다#Korean

Root of 복잡하다 (bokjaphada). Rarely used alone.


टङ्क्

head

टङ्क् • (ṭaṅk)

sa-root

टङ्क् • (ṭaṅk)

(with उद् (ud)) to scrape, scratch, bore out, or pierce through.


ر ح م

Related to Hebrew רחמים (“mercy, cares”), Aramaic רחם (“to be merciful”). More at R-Ḥ-M.

Form I: رَحِمَ (raḥima); Active participle

مُرَحِّم

Form II: رَحَّمَ (raḥḥama); Active participle

تَرَحُّم

Form V: تَرَحَّمَ (taraḥḥama); Verbal noun

مُتَرَحِّم

Form V: تَرَحَّمَ (taraḥḥama); Active participle

تَرَاحُم

Form VI: تَرَاحَمَ (tarāḥama); Verbal noun

مُتَرَاحِم

Form VI: تَرَاحَمَ (tarāḥama); Active participle

اِسْتِرْحَام

Form X: اِسْتَرْحَمَ (istarḥama); Verbal noun

مُسْتَرْحِم

Form X: اِسْتَرْحَمَ (istarḥama); Active participle


ن ب ش

نَبْش

Form I: نَبَشَ (nabaša, “to disinter, to dig up, to claw up, to unearth”); Verbal noun

نَابِش

Form I: نَبَشَ (nabaša, “to disinter, to dig up, to claw up, to unearth”); Active participle

مُنَبِّش

Form II: نَبَّشَ (nabbaša, “to scavenge, to rifle”); Active participle

مُتَنَبِّش

Form V: تَنَبَّشَ (tanabbaša, “to endeavour to unearth”); Active participle

اِنْتِبَاش

Form VIII: اِنْتَبَشَ (intabaša, “to unearth”); Verbal noun

مُنْتَبِش

Form VIII: اِنْتَبَشَ (intabaša, “to unearth”); Active participle

تَنْبِيش

Form II: نَبَّشَ (nabbaša, “to scavenge, to rifle”); Verbal noun

تَنَبُّش

Form V: تَنَبَّشَ (tanabbaša, “to endeavour to unearth”); Verbal noun

أُنْبُوش

the lower part of a plant that is drawn out


ن ب ض

نَبْض

Form I: نَبَضَ (nabaḍa, “to beat, to pulsate, to be in a state of phase-wise commotion, to flash”); Verbal noun

نَابِض

Form I: نَبَضَ (nabaḍa, “to beat, to pulsate, to be in a state of phase-wise commotion, to flash”); Active participle

نُبُوض

Form I: نَبَضَ (nabaḍa, “Alternative form of نَضَبَ (naḍaba, “to flow off”)”); Verbal noun

نَابِض

Form I: نَبَضَ (nabaḍa, “Alternative form of نَضَبَ (naḍaba, “to flow off”)”); Active participle

تَنْبِيض

Form II: نَبَّضَ (nabbaḍa, “to make pulsate”); Verbal noun

مُنَبِّض

Form II: نَبَّضَ (nabbaḍa, “to make pulsate”); Active participle

إِنْبَاض

Form IV: أَنْبَضَ (ʔanbaḍa, “to make pulsate”); Verbal noun

مُنْبِض

Form IV: أَنْبَضَ (ʔanbaḍa, “to make pulsate”); Active participle


ظ ل م

مُظَالِم

Form III: ظَالَمَ (ẓālama); Active participle

تَظَلُّم

Form V: تَظَلَّمَ (taẓallama); Verbal noun

مُتَظَلِّم

Form V: تَظَلَّمَ (taẓallama); Active participle

اِنْظِلَام

Form VII: اِنْظَلَمَ (inẓalama); Verbal noun

مُنْظَلِم

Form VII: اِنْظَلَمَ (inẓalama); Active participle

اِظِّلَام

Form VIII: اِظَّلَمَ (iẓẓalama), اِظْطَلَمَ (iẓṭalama), اِطَّلَمَ (iṭṭalama); Verbal noun

مُظَّلِم

Form VIII: اِظَّلَمَ (iẓẓalama), اِظْطَلَمَ (iẓṭalama), اِطَّلَمَ (iṭṭalama); Active participle

ظُلْم

Form I: ظَلَمَ (ẓalama, “to wrong”); Verbal noun

ظَالِم

Form I: ظَلَمَ (ẓalama, “to wrong”); Active participle

تَظْلِيم

Form II: ظَلَّمَ (ẓallama, “to attribute injustice to”); Verbal noun

مُظَلِّم

Form II: ظَلَّمَ (ẓallama, “to attribute injustice to”); Active participle

تَظَالُم

Form VI: تَظَالَمَ (taẓālama, “to wrong each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَظَالِم

Form VI: تَظَالَمَ (taẓālama, “to wrong each other”); Active participle

ظَلَم

Form I: ظَلِمَ (ẓalima, “to be dark”); Verbal noun

إِظْلَام

Form IV: أَظْلَمَ (ʔaẓlama, “to be dark; to make dark; to enter upon darkness”); Verbal noun

مُظْلِم

Form IV: أَظْلَمَ (ʔaẓlama, “to be dark; to make dark; to enter upon darkness”); Active participle


datw-

Proto-Georgian-Zan:

desctree

Old Georgian: დათჳ (datwi)
Georgian: დათვი (datvi)

Zan:

Laz: მთუთი (mtuti), თუთი (tuti)

Mingrelian: თუნთი (tunti)

desc

Svan: და̈შდუ̂ (däšdû), დეშდუ̂ (dešdû), და̈შტუ̂ (däšṭû)


ط ب ق

related to a covering on which something needs to be made

تَطْبِيق

Form II: طَبَّقَ (ṭabbaqa, “to apply, to superpose, to make cover so that there is congruence”); Verbal noun

مُطَبِّق

Form II: طَبَّقَ (ṭabbaqa, “to apply, to superpose, to make cover so that there is congruence”); Active participle

مُطَابَقَة

Form III: طَابَقَ (ṭābaqa, “to be commensurable to, to be congruent with, to agree with in outer properties”); Verbal noun

مُطَابِق

Form III: طَابَقَ (ṭābaqa, “to be commensurable to, to be congruent with, to agree with in outer properties”); Active participle

إِطْبَاق

Form IV: أَطْبَقَ (ʔaṭbaqa, “to cover, to shut”); Verbal noun

مُطْبِق

Form IV: أَطْبَقَ (ʔaṭbaqa, “to cover, to shut”); Active participle

تَطَبُّق

Form V: تَطَبَّقَ (taṭabbaqa, “to become covered, to become shut”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَبِّق

Form V: تَطَبَّقَ (taṭabbaqa, “to become covered, to become shut”); Active participle

اِنْطِبَاق

Form VII: اِنْطَبَقَ (inṭabaqa, “to become covered, to become shut”); Verbal noun

مُنْطَبِق

Form VII: اِنْطَبَقَ (inṭabaqa, “to become covered, to become shut”); Active participle

اِسْتِطْبَاق

Form X: اِسْتَطْبَقَ (istaṭbaqa, “to gentrify”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَطْبِق

Form X: اِسْتَطْبَقَ (istaṭbaqa, “to gentrify”); Active participle

طَبَق

plate (serving dish); anything in the shape of a serving dish, such as a satellite dish; a thing that is the equal of another thing so that it covers it, lid, cover; a joint, a limb or member of the body; bone of the head

طِبْق

thing that match in form, what suit, conform, correspond, tallies, what is of the like measure

طَبِيق

conforming in its outer properties, compatible, analogous, agreeable


ت ر ك

تَرْك

Form I: تَرَكَ (taraka, “to leave”); Verbal noun

تَارِك

Form I: تَرَكَ (taraka, “to leave”); Active participle

مُتَارِك

Form III: تَارَكَ (tāraka); Active participle

تَتَارُك

Form VI: تَتَارَكَ (tatāraka); Verbal noun

مُتَتَارِك

Form VI: تَتَارَكَ (tatāraka); Active participle

اِتِّرَاك

Form VIII: اِتَّرَكَ (ittaraka); Verbal noun

مُتَّرِك

Form VIII: اِتَّرَكَ (ittaraka); Active participle


anggar

* Inherited from Malay anggar, from Classical Malay اڠڬر (anggar), from Persian انگار (angâr, “to consider”).
* From Riau Malay [Term?] for the land size.


⇒ Old Georgian: ციცინათელაჲ (cicinatelay)

Georgian: ციცინათელა (cicinatela)

Zan:

Laz: ჩიჩი (çiçi)

Mingrelian: ჩინჩი (činči), ჩიჩი (čiči)

→ Svan: ჩინჩ (činč), ჩიმჩ (čimč)

This root can be safely reconstructed only at a Georgian-Zan level. Svan ჩინჩ (činč) and ჩიმჩ (čimč), both meaning “moth”, are probably loanwords (Klimov, 1998) from Mingrelian. In Georgian this root is reflected in the first part of the compound ციცინათელა (cicinatela, “firefly”). Despite the superficial similarity, Latin cicindela (“firefly”), from the verb candeo (“to shine”), is unrelated. Compare also Udi цӏецӏ (c̣ec̣, “moth”) and Armenian ցեց (cʻecʻ, “moth”), although Ačaṙean derives the Armenian word from Akkadian 𒌨𒈨 (ṣāṣu).


grḳ-al-

Laz: კერკელი (ǩerǩeli, “hoop”), ⇒ Laz: კირკოლერი (ǩirǩoleri, “some kind of desert”), Laz: კირკოლა (ǩirǩola, “curly”)

Old Georgian: გრკალი (grḳali)

Georgian: რკალი (rḳali), (Eastern dialects) კირკალი (ḳirḳali), კრიკალი (ḳriḳali)

From Proto-Kartvelian *gor- ~ *gr- (“to roll”) + *-al (suffix).


px-

desc

⇒ Proto-Georgian-Zan: *za-px-ul- (“summer”), *me-px-e (“to be clear”) (see there for further descendants)

Svan: ლუფხუ (lupxu)


ه ر م

هَرَم

Form I: هَرَمَ (harama, “to be senile, to be decrepit of age”); Verbal noun

هَارِم

Form I: هَرَمَ (harama, “to be senile, to be decrepit of age”); Active participle

تَهْرِيم

Form II: هَرَّمَ (harrama, “to make decrepit, to make crumble or be in smaller part”); Verbal noun

مُهَرِّم

Form II: هَرَّمَ (harrama, “to make decrepit, to make crumble or be in smaller part”); Active participle

إِهْرَام

Form IV: أَهْرَمَ (ʔahrama, “to make senile, to make decrepit”); Verbal noun

مُهْرِم

Form IV: أَهْرَمَ (ʔahrama, “to make senile, to make decrepit”); Active participle

تَهَرُّم

Form V: تَهَرَّمَ (taharrama, “to be senile or decrepit”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَرِّم

Form V: تَهَرَّمَ (taharrama, “to be senile or decrepit”); Active participle

تَهَارُم

Form VI: تَهَارَمَ (tahārama, “to simulate senility”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَارِم

Form VI: تَهَارَمَ (tahārama, “to simulate senility”); Active participle

اِنْهِرَام

Form VII: اِنْهَرَمَ (inharama, “to become senile”); Verbal noun

مُنْهَرِم

Form VII: اِنْهَرَمَ (inharama, “to become senile”); Active participle

اِسْتِهْرَام

Form X: اِسْتَهْرَمَ (istahrama, “to reckon someone senile, to consider someone of feeble age”); Verbal noun

مُسْتَهْرِم

Form X: اِسْتَهْرَمَ (istahrama, “to reckon someone senile, to consider someone of feeble age”); Active participle


ش ه ل

شُهْلَة شهلة#Arabic

أَشْهَل

Form I: شَهِلَ (šahila); Active participle

مُشَهِّل

Form II: شَهَّلَ (šahhala); Active participle

مُشَاهِل

Form III: شَاهَلَ (šāhala); Active participle

تَشَهُّل

Form V: تَشَهَّلَ (tašahhala); Verbal noun

مُتَشَهِّل

Form V: تَشَهَّلَ (tašahhala); Active participle

اِشْهِلَال

Form IX: اِشْهَلَّ (išhalla); Verbal noun

مُشْهَلّ

Form IX: اِشْهَلَّ (išhalla); Active participle


*(s)ḱih₁-éh₁-(ye)-ti (eh₁(ye)-stative)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śī́ˀjēˀtei

Proto-Slavic: *sijati (“to shine”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)ḱi-né-h₁-ti ~ *(s)ḱi-n-h₁-énti (nasal-infix)

Proto-Germanic: *skīnaną (“to shine, appear”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)ḱéh₁i-mō ~ *(s)ḱih₁-m̥né-s

Proto-Germanic: *skīmô (see there for further descendants)

q

alternatively from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*ḱey-</i> (“to lay”)

>? *(s)ḱóh₁y-no- (alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lay”))

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śéinas m, *śáinan n

Latvian: sìens m (“hay”)

Lithuanian: šiẽnas m (“hay”)

Proto-Slavic: *sěno n (“hay”) (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Hellenic:

q

alternatively from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κοινός</i> (koinós, “common”)

Ancient Greek: κοινά f (koiná, “epithet for pasture”) (possibly, alternatively from Ancient Greek κοινός (koinós, “common”))

*(s)ḱóh₁ir-i-s ~ *(s)ḱéh₁ir-i-s

desc

Proto-Germanic: *skairiz (“pure, shining”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *skīriz (“clear, sheer”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skīrijaną (“to clarify”) (see there for further descendants)


Proto-Celtic: *skātos (“shadow”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: σκότος (skótos, “darkness”)

*(s)ḱéh₃-u-s ~ *(s)ḱh₃-éw-s

Proto-Germanic: *hēwijaz (“dark blue”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śájas (“shaded; blue”)

Proto-Slavic: *sojь

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *osòjь (“shaded place”) (+ *ob-) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *soja (“jay”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *skadwaz (“shadow”) (see there for further descendants)

*(s)ḱeh₃-i- ḱh₁ey-

*(s)ḱeh₃i-h₂ ~ *(s)ḱh₃y-éh₂-s

*(s)ḱéh₃y-ō ~ *(s)ḱih₃-nés

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śáiˀnas

Proto-Slavic: *sě̀nь (“shadow”)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śáiˀras

Proto-Slavic: *śěrъ (“grey”) (possible Germanic loanword) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *kēros

desctree

Old Irish: cíar (“dark, black”)
Irish: ciar (“dusky”)
Scottish Gaelic: ciar (“dusky”)

Proto-Germanic: *hairaz (“grey”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *skoiros (“dark”)

⇒ Latin: obscūrus (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śjēˀmas (vṛddhi-derivation)

Lithuanian: šė̃mas (“blue-grey”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćyaHmás (“dark-colored”) (vṛddhi-derivation)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćyaHmás

Sanskrit: श्याम (śyāmá)

Proto-Iranian: *cyaHmáh

Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬨𐬀 (sāma, “black”)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śī́ˀwas (“grey”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćyaHwás (“dark-colored”) (vṛddhi-derivation) (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Celtic: *kiwos (“fog”)

Old Irish: céo

Middle Irish: ceó

Irish: ceo

Manx: kay

Scottish Gaelic: ceò

*(s)ḱeh₃w-ō ~ *(s)ḱuh₃-nés

desc

Proto-Germanic: *skuwwô (“shadow, reflection”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *kuva (“image”)

Karelian: kuva

Finnish: kuva

Veps: kuva


ك م ش

كَمْش

Form I: كَمَشَ (kamaša, “to seize, to grasp”); Verbal noun

كَامِش

Form I: كَمَشَ (kamaša, “to seize, to grasp”); Active participle

مَكْمُوش

Form I: كَمِشَ (kamiša); Active participle

Form I: كَمُشَ (kamuša); Active participle

مُكَمِّش

Form II: كَمَّشَ (kammaša); Active participle

إِكْمَاش

Form IV: أَكْمَشَ (ʔakmaša, “to speed up”); Verbal noun

مُكْمِش

Form IV: أَكْمَشَ (ʔakmaša, “to speed up”); Active participle

تَكَمُّش

Form V: تَكَمَّشَ (takammaša); Verbal noun

مُتَكَمِّش

Form V: تَكَمَّشَ (takammaša); Active participle

اِنْكِمَاش

Form VII: اِنْكَمَشَ (inkamaša, “to deflate, to shrink”); Verbal noun

مُنْكَمِش

Form VII: اِنْكَمَشَ (inkamaša, “to deflate, to shrink”); Active participle


q

*(s)ḱh₁w-o-tó-s (deadjectival noun) (possibly, similar to Proto-Slavic *životъ, Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos) < *gʷeyh₃-)

Proto-Celtic: *kowotos or *kuwotos

Middle Welsh: cawad

Welsh: cawod

Cornish: kowas

Old Breton: couatou

Breton: kaouad

*(s)ḱéh₁w-er- ~ *(s)ḱh₁u-ér-

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śḗˀweras, *śjáuˀras (“cold, biting”)

Lithuanian: šiū̃ras, šiaurùs (“cold, biting, sharp”)

⇒ Lithuanian: šiáurė (“north”)

Proto-Slavic: *sěverъ (“north”)

Proto-Italic: *kaweros

Latin: caurus (“northwestern wind”)

desc

>? *(s)ḱéh₁w-r̥ ~ *(s)ḱh₁u-nós (secondary r/n-stem?)

Proto-Germanic: *skēwur, gen. *skūnaz

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skūrō (“shower”) (possibly)

>? *(s)ḱh₁ur-do-

Old Armenian: ցուրտ (cʻurt, “cold; cold weather”)


bʰlewH-

*bʰléwH-ti ~ *bʰluH-énti (athematic root present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bljauˀtei

Proto-Slavic: *bľuti (“to vomit”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bľьvati (“to vomit”) (see there for further descendants)

q

+ <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*-kati</i>

⇒? Proto-Slavic: *bľúkati (“to gush, spout”) (+ *-kati) (see there for further descendants)

>? Latvian: bļaût (“to bleat”) (possibly, though disputed, perhaps from *bʰleh₁- (“to bleat”))

desc

>? Lithuanian: bliáuti (“to bleat, weep”) (see above)

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰlūō

Ancient Greek: φλύω (phlúō, “to be full of juice; to thrive (of plants); to vomit”)

⇒ Ancient Greek: φλύος (phlúos, “babble”)

⇒? Ancient Greek: έφλευσε (éphleuse, “to burn”)

*bʰluH-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blūˀtei

Proto-Slavic: *blyjati (“to spring (continuously)”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *flūō

q

Latin: fluō (“to flow, to pour”) (or < *fluwō < *ɸlowō < *bʰléwH-ti ~ *bʰluH-énti) (see there for further descendants)

Possible laryngeal extension of *bʰlew-, whence Ancient Greek φλέω (phléō, “to overflow, flood”), itself possibly suffixed in *-ew- from *bʰel- (“to blow (up), swell”).

cog

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
fr:Jacques André


*h₁wi-dʰéh₁-t ~ *h₁wi-dʰh₁-ént (athematic root aorist)

⇒ Proto-Italic: *wiðō (thematicized)

⇒ Latin: dīvidō (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwi-dʰáH-t

desc

Sanskrit: अविधत् (ávidhat, “granted, satisfied”)

⇒ Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬛𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬍 (vīdāⁱtī, “to devote oneself to”)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian A: wätk- (“to distinguish”)

Tocharian B: wätk- (“to distinguish”)

Proto-Germanic: *wīdaz (“wide”) (see there for further descendants)

*h₁wéydʰh₁-u-s ~ *h₁widʰh₁-éw-s (“separate”)

⇒ Proto-Indo-European: *h₁widʰh₁-éw-h₂ (“widow”) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Indo-European: *h₁weydʰh₁-u-s (“wild”)

⇒? Proto-Celtic: *weidus (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Indo-European: *h₁widʰh₁-u-s (“wood”)

Proto-Germanic: *widuz (“wood”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *widus (“interior”)

Latgalian: vyds (“middle”)

Latvian: vidus (“middle, center”)

Lithuanian: vidùs (“interior”)

Proto-Celtic: *widus (“wood, trees”) (see there for further descendants)

From a univerbation of *dwi- (“apart”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”). The initial *d became *h₁ due to dissimilation; compare *h₁wídḱm̥ti (“twenty”).


ت م م

تَامّ

Form I: تَمَّ (tamma); Active participle

مُتَمِّم

Form II: تَمَّمَ (tammama); Active participle

مُتِمّ

Form IV: أَتَمَّ (ʔatamma); Active participle

تَتَامّ

Form VI: تَتَامَّ (tatāmma); Verbal noun

مُتَتَامٌّ

Form VI: تَتَامَّ (tatāmma); Active participle

اِسْتِتْمَام

Form X: اِسْتَتَمَّ (istatamma); Verbal noun

مُسْتَتِمّ

Form X: اِسْتَتَمَّ (istatamma); Active participle


ه ج د

هُجُود

Form I: هَجَدَ (hajada, “to sleep in the night, or in the latter part of the night; to stay up at night, to be awake nocturnal”); Verbal noun

هَاجِد

Form I: هَجَدَ (hajada, “to sleep in the night, or in the latter part of the night; to stay up at night, to be awake nocturnal”); Active participle

تَهْجِيد

Form II: هَجَّدَ (hajjada, “to cause to sleep; to awake from sleep”); Verbal noun

مُهَجِّد

Form II: هَجَّدَ (hajjada, “to cause to sleep; to awake from sleep”); Active participle

تَهَجُّد

Form V: تَهَجَّدَ (tahajjada, “to sleep in the night, or in the latter part of the night; to stay up at night, to be awake nocturnal”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَجِّد

Form V: تَهَجَّدَ (tahajjada, “to sleep in the night, or in the latter part of the night; to stay up at night, to be awake nocturnal”); Active participle


ك و س

كَوْس

Form I: كَاسَ (kāsa, “to walk with one foot less; to coil oneself up; to prostrate, to cut down the stand firm of, to throw head over heels; to beat down, to abate the price offered by in haggling with”); Verbal noun

Form I: كَاسَ (kāsa, “to walk with one foot less; to coil oneself up; to prostrate, to cut down the stand firm of, to throw head over heels; to beat down, to abate the price offered by in haggling with”); Active participle

تَكْوِيس

Form II: كَوَّسَ (kawwasa, “to prostrate, to cut down the stand firm of, to throw head over heels, to make lie inverse”); Verbal noun

مُكَوِّس

Form II: كَوَّسَ (kawwasa, “to prostrate, to cut down the stand firm of, to throw head over heels, to make lie inverse”); Active participle

إِكَاسَة

Form IV: أَكَاسَ (ʔakāsa, “to prostrate, to cut down the stand firm of, to throw head over heels, to make lie inverse; to make walk even though there is one foot less”); Verbal noun

مُكِيس

Form IV: أَكَاسَ (ʔakāsa, “to prostrate, to cut down the stand firm of, to throw head over heels, to make lie inverse; to make walk even though there is one foot less”); Active participle

تَكَوُّس

Form V: تَكَوَّسَ (takawwasa, “to be prostrate, to have the stand firm cut down, to be thrown head over heels, to be made lie inverse”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَوِّس

Form V: تَكَوَّسَ (takawwasa, “to be prostrate, to have the stand firm cut down, to be thrown head over heels, to be made lie inverse”); Active participle

اِكْتِيَاس

Form VIII: اِكْتَاسَ (iktāsa, “to retain from performing”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَاس

Form VIII: اِكْتَاسَ (iktāsa, “to retain from performing”); Active participle


ط ل س

Variant of ط ر س (ṭ-r-s), variant of د ر س (d-r-s).

طَلْس

Form I: طَلَسَ (ṭalasa, “to wipe away, to efface, to obliterate”); Verbal noun

طَالِس

Form I: طَلَسَ (ṭalasa, “to wipe away, to efface, to obliterate”); Active participle

طَلَس

Form I: طَلِسَ (ṭalisa, “to become worn out; to acquire a dusty hue, to come to incline in colour to black”); Verbal noun

Form I: طَلِسَ (ṭalisa, “to become worn out; to acquire a dusty hue, to come to incline in colour to black”); Active participle

تَطْلِيس

Form II: طَلَّسَ (ṭallasa, “to wipe away, to efface, to obliterate”); Verbal noun

مُطَلِّس

Form II: طَلَّسَ (ṭallasa, “to wipe away, to efface, to obliterate”); Active participle

تَطَلُّس

Form V: تَطَلَّسَ (taṭallasa, “to be wiped away, to be efface, to be obliterate”); Verbal noun

مُتَطَلِّس

Form V: تَطَلَّسَ (taṭallasa, “to be wiped away, to be efface, to be obliterate”); Active participle

اِنْطِلَاس

Form VII: اِنْطَلَسَ (inṭalasa, “to become conceal, to become unapparent, to get one’s trace efface”); Verbal noun

مُنْطَلِس

Form VII: اِنْطَلَسَ (inṭalasa, “to become conceal, to become unapparent, to get one’s trace efface”); Active participle

طِلْس

a piece of paper on which writing has been efface

طَلَّاسَة

wiping cloth, a rag wherewith one has efface


ع ل ك

عَلْك

Form I: عَلَكَ (ʕalaka, “to chew, to knead with the teeth, to champ”); Verbal noun

عَالِك

Form I: عَلَكَ (ʕalaka, “to chew, to knead with the teeth, to champ”); Active participle

تَعْلِيك

Form II: عَلَّكَ (ʕallaka, “to tighten the hands upon from stinginess, to manage strict, to tend well”); Verbal noun

مُعَلِّك

Form II: عَلَّكَ (ʕallaka, “to tighten the hands upon from stinginess, to manage strict, to tend well”); Active participle

تَعَلُّك

Form V: تَعَلَّكَ (taʕallaka, “to become sticky or glutinous”); Verbal noun

مُتَعَلِّك

Form V: تَعَلَّكَ (taʕallaka, “to become sticky or glutinous”); Active participle

عِلْك

resin, mastix, gum, chewing-gum and the like

عَلِك

viscose, glutinous, which can be chew long, sticky and slimy

عَلِكَة

i. q. شِقْشِقَة (šiqšiqa)

عَوْلَك

stammering, chewing the tongue in speaking


ك ف ت

See discussion at كِفْت (kift, “cooking-pot”).

كَفْت

Form I: كَفَتَ (kafata, “to take up, to draw towards oneself, to tuck up, to turn towards oneself; to turn off, to turn away, to avert”); Verbal noun

كَافِت

Form I: كَفَتَ (kafata, “to take up, to draw towards oneself, to tuck up, to turn towards oneself; to turn off, to turn away, to avert”); Active participle

كَفْت

Form I: كَفَتَ (kafata, “to hasten, to be swift and contract oneself therein, to turn aside to run with vehemence”); Verbal noun

كَافِت

Form I: كَفَتَ (kafata, “to hasten, to be swift and contract oneself therein, to turn aside to run with vehemence”); Active participle

تَكْفِيت

Form II: كَفَّتَ (kaffata, “to take up, to draw towards oneself, to turn towards oneself; to turn off, to turn away, to avert; to plate, to inlay”); Verbal noun

مُكَفِّت

Form II: كَفَّتَ (kaffata, “to take up, to draw towards oneself, to turn towards oneself; to turn off, to turn away, to avert; to plate, to inlay”); Active participle

مُكَافَتَة

Form III: كَافَتَ (kāfata, “to rivalise with in being fast on the course, to contend with in running”); Verbal noun

مُكَافِت

Form III: كَافَتَ (kāfata, “to rivalise with in being fast on the course, to contend with in running”); Active participle

تَكَفُّت

Form V: تَكَفَّتَ (takaffata, “to amass all forces for being fast”); Verbal noun

مُتَكَفِّت

Form V: تَكَفَّتَ (takaffata, “to amass all forces for being fast”); Active participle

اِنْكِفَات

Form VII: اِنْكَفَتَ (inkafata, “to be turned away, to be averted”); Verbal noun

مُنْكَفِت

Form VII: اِنْكَفَتَ (inkafata, “to be turned away, to be averted”); Active participle

اِكْتِفَات

Form VIII: اِكْتَفَتَ (iktafata, “to take all”); Verbal noun

مُكْتَفِت

Form VIII: اِكْتَفَتَ (iktafata, “to take all”); Active participle

كُفْت and كُفْتَة

being a horse that leap, spring, or bound, so that one cannot take possession of it


stengʷ-

*stengʷ-e-ti

Proto-Germanic: *stinkwaną (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *stengʷō

Latin: stinguo (see there for further descendants)

*stengʷ-ye-ti

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sténgtei

Lithuanian: sténgti


ه ج و

Of Proto-Semitic origin, also found in Aramaic ה־ג־י / ܗ-ܓ-ܝ (h-ɡ-y), and in Old Armenian հեգ (heg) and հեգենայ (hegenay).

related to meditation, detailed contemplation

هَجْو

Form I: هَجَا (hajā, “to satirize; to pronounce the flaws of; to spell out”); Verbal noun

هَاجٍ

Form I: هَجَا (hajā, “to satirize; to pronounce the flaws of; to spell out”); Active participle

تَهْجِيَة

Form II: هَجَّى (hajjā, “to spell out”); Verbal noun

مُهَجٍّ

Form II: هَجَّى (hajjā, “to spell out”); Active participle

مُهَاجَاة

Form III: هَاجَى (hājā, “to compose satire against”); Verbal noun

مُهَاجٍ

Form III: هَاجَى (hājā, “to compose satire against”); Active participle

إِهْجَاء

Form IV: أَهْجَى (ʔahjā, “to consider satire”); Verbal noun

مُهْجٍ

Form IV: أَهْجَى (ʔahjā, “to consider satire”); Active participle

تَهَجٍّ

Form V: تَهَجَّى (tahajjā, “to spell”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَجٍّ

Form V: تَهَجَّى (tahajjā, “to spell”); Active participle

تَهَاجٍ

Form VI: تَهَاجَى (tahājā, “to compose satire against each other”); Verbal noun

مُتَهَاجٍ

Form VI: تَهَاجَى (tahājā, “to compose satire against each other”); Active participle

اِهْتِجَاء

Form VIII: اِهْتَجَى (ihtajā, “to compose satire against each other”); Verbal noun

مُهْتَجٍ

Form VIII: اِهْتَجَى (ihtajā, “to compose satire against each other”); Active participle