der

dër (canonical)
dër (masculine nominative singular)

Alemannic German: der

German: der

Pennsylvania German: der

Yiddish: דער (der)

Inherited from Old High German der, from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

alliu diu freude, die diu werlt hat


der

From Middle Norwegian *þiðr, whence also dere. Borrowed from Old East Norse iðʀ with added þ-, similar to þit from hafið it.

(dialectal, South East Norway) objective case of de; alternative form of dykk (“you (plural)”)


der

desctree

Middle High German: dër
Alemannic German: der
German: der
Pennsylvania German: der
Yiddish: דער (der)

Derived from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.


der

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
de (nominative personal pronoun singular)
dihr (nominative personal pronoun singular)
der (nominative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
dihr (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
der (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
der (dative personal pronoun singular)
eich (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ihne (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ne (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihre (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ihne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
eich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)


mies

(archaic, poetic, Northern, Alghero) feminine plural of meu


alguien

From Latin aliquem, accusative of aliquis. Compare Portuguese alguém and Spanish alguien.


alguien

From alguno, conflated with quien. Derivation from Latin aliquem, is incorrect, the expected form would have been *algue.


nadie

Inherited from Old Spanish nadi (“no one”), nade, inherited from Latin nātī (“born men/people”), perfect past participle of nāscor (“to be born”), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.
The semantic change is due to commonly being used with negated verbs in spoken Ibero-Romance, supposing for example *nātī nōn fēcērunt (“born [people] did not do it”), cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese nado (“no one”). Compare the development of French personne from “person” to “no one”. Old Spanish commonly also used the phrase omne nado. nada (“nothing”) also originates from the same root, from (rēs) nāta (“born thing”); see Jespersen's Cycle. The final unstressed vowel was influenced by quién/quien and alguién (today alguien) towards the very end of the Old Spanish period: Coromines and Pascual report the earliest attestation of the -ie form is in Nebrija.

inh+

No hay nadie en el cuarto.

No conozco a nadie de España.

Nadie sabe que su hermano es gay.

Nobody knows that his/her brother is gay.


necuno

Not any person: nobody, no one. Synonym: nemo.


tote le mundo

All people: everybody, everyone. Synonyms: totos, omnes.


ei

From Old Galician-Portuguese ei, from Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

First person singular nominative pronoun; I


ei

Syncopated form of elli (“he”), from Vulgar Latin *illi, from Latin ille (“that”).

(poetic, archaic, after the verb) Alternative form of egli


ei

Syncopated form of elli (“they”), from Latin illī (“those”).


ei

inflection of is:
nominative masculine plural


ei

head

ei m pl (third-person plural, feminine equivalent ele)

equivalent ele (feminine)
ei (nominative)
ei (accusative stressed)

Inherited from Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.

(nominative form) they (used for an all-male or mixed-sex group)


ei

(direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") them (all-male or mixed-sex group)

preceded by preposition; such as "pe"; "cu"; "la"; preceded by preposition; such as "pe"; "cu"; "la"


ei

ei f (genitive form of ea, masculine equivalent lui, plural lor)

equivalent lui (masculine)
lor (plural)
ei (accusative indefinite masculine neuter nominative singular)
ei (accusative feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ei (accusative indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ei (accusative feminine indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ei (dative genitive indefinite masculine neuter singular)
ei (dative feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ei (dative genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ei (dative feminine genitive indefinite neuter plural)

Ai cartea ei?


ei

ei f (stressed dative form of ea, masculine equivalent lui, plural lor)


ei

(Southern Scots, personal) he (alternative form of hei)


ei

From Middle Welsh y, from Proto-Brythonic *eið, from Proto-Celtic *esyo m and *esyās f; compare Old Irish a (“his, her, its, their”) and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, “his, its”) and अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”).

Myfi’n bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn,

18th century, Wil Hopcyn, “Bugeilio’r gwenith gwyn”

Me watching the white wheat,
And another reaping it.

him, it (with reference to masculine nouns; as object of a verbal noun; triggers soft mutation of following consonant)

Ar ben y bryn mae sgwarnog fach, ar hyd y nos mae'n pori

On top of the hill there's a little hare, all night long she grazes
With her speckled back and her white white belly without taking any heed of any greyhound.

A’i chefen brith a’i bola bola gwyn yn hidio dim am filgi.

her, it (with reference to masculine nouns; as object of a verbal noun; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant and h-prothesis of a following vowel)


omnes

they all (all the members of a certain group: e.g., a family)


nihil

Audio


nihil

(indefinite) The absence of anything; nothing.


nihil

nihil (nominative singular)
nihil (accusative singular)

→ Portuguese: nicles

From nihilum, from ne- (“not”) + hīlum (“the least bit”).

Nīl·ne in mentem·st?

Nihil est.

Nihil sub sōle novum.

Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.

163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 1.77

I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.

Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.

63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.8

You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of.


must

I think it is important that...

Must on tärkeetä, että.. / Minusta on tärkeää, että... (standard)


nemo

Not any person: nobody, no one. Synonym: necuno.


nemo

nēmō (canonical feminine masculine)
nēminis (genitive)
nēmō (nominative singular)
nēminis (genitive singular)
nēminī (dative singular)
nēminem (accusative singular)
nēmine (ablative singular)
nēmō (singular vocative)

Italian: nimo

Megleno-Romanian: nimea, nimini

Romanian: nimeni, nime

Sardinian: nemos

Contraction of the Old Latin phrase ne hemō (“no man”) (Classical ne homō). Compare praeda for praehenda.

Quem nemo ferro potuit superare nec auro.

Whom none could overcome with iron or gold.

Amīcus omnibus, amīcus nemini.

Vicinam neminem amo magis quam te.

I love a neighbouring nobody more than you.

Nemo, nisi sapiens, liber est.

Nemo ante mortem beatus.

No one [can be called] happy before his death.

Nemo non formosus filius matri.

No one fails to be a beautiful son for his mother.

Absque sanitate nemo felix.

Nemo sine sapientia beatus est.

Nemo cum sarcinis enatat.

No one swims away with his bundles/belongings.

Nemo est supra leges.

Nemo ex amoris vulnere sanus abit.

No one walks away unscathed from the wound of love.

Horum te mori nemo coget, omnes docebunt; horum nemo annos tuos conteret, suos tibi contribuet; nullius ex his sermo periculosus erit, nullius amicitia capitalis, nullius sumptuosa obseruatio.

c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, De brevitate vitae 15

No one of these will force you to die, but all will teach you how to die; no one of these will wear out your years, but each will add his own years to yours; conversations with no one of these will bring you peril, the friendship of none will endanger your life, the courting of none will tax your purse.

nēminem captivabimus nisi iure victum

We shall not arrest anyone without a court verdict


ti

sq-personal pronoun

ti (accusative ty, dative ty, ablative teje)

ty (accusative)
ty (dative)
teje (ablative)
ti (nominative second-person singular)
teje (ablative second-person singular)
ty (accusative second-person singular)
të (accusative clitic second-person singular)
ty (dative second-person singular)
të (clitic dative second-person singular)
yt (second-person singular)
yti (possessive pronoun second-person singular)

From Proto-Albanian *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂; modern accusative ty is from Proto-Albanian Proto-Albanian *twā from emphatic *tu̯ḗm, clitic të is from clitic *te, and ablative teje is from locative *toí + -je from meje (see unë).


ti

head

ti (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of tu)

and reflexive form of tu (accusative unstressed)

From Latin tē, accusative of tū. Compare Romanian te.


ti

From Latin te. Cognates include Italian te, ti and French te.

thee, you (singular; both direct and indirect object)


ti

Kde jsou Pavel s Ivanou? Ti přijdou později.

Where are Pavel and Ivana? Those two will come later.

Dávám ti to na opravu.


ti

From Old Galician-Portuguese ti, from Latin tibi.

Second person singular prepositional pronoun; you


ti

ti (second person direct object, indirect object)

From Latin tē, accusative singular of tū. As an indirect object, in part from Latin tibi, dative singular of tū, through a Vulgar Latin *ti.


ti

ti (after a preposition ti, accusative te, dative che)

From Old Galician-Portuguese tu, ti; from Latin tū. The accusative is from Latin tē; one dative form, used after a preposition, from tibi; the other dative form, from metanalysis of the contractions of te + article.


ti

ti (nominative)
titeket (accusative)
nektek (dative)
veletek (instrumental)
értetek (causal-final)
bennetek (inessive)
rajtatok (superessive)
nálatok (adessive)
belétek (illative)
rátok (sublative)
hozzátok (allative)
belőletek (elative)
rólatok (delative)
tőletek (ablative)
declension of ti

From Proto-Uralic *te. Compare Finnish te.

(personal) you guys, y'all, you all, you (second-person plural, nominative, informal form)

tielőttetek etc

ti + a postposition with the second-person plural personal suffix; see Appendix:Hungarian postpositions

tihozzátok etc

ti + one of the declined forms listed in the chart above; see Appendix:Hungarian pronouns


ti

Ti esas plu forta, ma ci plu bela.

Those guys are stronger, but these guys are prettier.

Yes, ma me kredas ke ti esas plu bona.

Yes, but I think that those (things) are better.

Alternative form of iti (“those people, those things”)


ti

Ti son la manduleîna inzucherada.

1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 29

you (second-person singular personal pronoun)


ti

From Latin tē (accusative of tū), from Proto-Indo-European *twé, *te, accusative of *túh₂ (“you”). As a dative, in part from Latin tibi, dative of tū, through a Vulgar Latin *ti.

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects

Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms

the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language

and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead


ti

From Latin tē, accusative of tū (“you”), from Proto-Italic *tū (accusative *tē), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂, (accusative *twé ~ *te).


ti

your (second-person singular possessive pronoun)


ti

From Old Galician-Portuguese ti, from Latin tibi, from Proto-Indo-European *tébʰye, dative of *túh₂ (“you”).

Dá-los-ei a ti.


ti

Cumenti ti ciami?

What's your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)

Abà ti lu diggu

Now I'll tell you. (literally, “Now I tell it to you”)


ti

tȋ (canonical)
ти̑ (Cyrillic)
tȋ (nominative singular)
vȋ (nominative plural)
tȅbe (genitive singular)
te (genitive singular)
vȃs (genitive plural)
tȅbi (dative singular)
ti (dative singular)
vȁma (dative plural)
vam (dative plural)
tȅbe (accusative singular)
te (accusative singular)
vȃs (accusative plural)
tî (singular vocative)
vȋ (plural vocative)
tȅbi (locative singular)
vȁma (locative plural)
tȍbōm (instrumental singular)
vȁma (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


ti

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

to you (clitic dative singular of tȋ (“you”))

Želiš još?! Gdje ti je granica?!

Gdje ti je auto?

(emphatic, possessive, dative) your, of yours (clitic dative singular of tȋ (“I”))


ti

Tko su ti ljudi?

masculine nominative plural of taj; those


ti

tȋ (canonical)
tȋ (nominative)
vȋdva m (nominative)
vȋdve (nominative)
vẹ̑dve f (nominative)
n (nominative)
vȋ m (nominative)
vẹ̑ f (nominative)
tébe (genitive)
vȃju (genitive)
vȁs (genitive)
tébi (dative)
vȃma (dative)
vȁm (dative)
tébe (accusative)
vȃju (accusative)
vȁs (accusative)
tébi (locative)
nȃju (locative)
nȁs (locative)
tȃbo (instrumental)
tebọ́j (instrumental)
vȃma (instrumental)
vȃmi (instrumental)
tȋ (vocative)
vȋdva m (vocative)
vȋdve (vocative)
vẹ̑dve f (vocative)
n (vocative)
vȋ m (vocative)
vẹ̑ f (vocative)
te (genitive singular)
vaju (dual genitive)
vas (dual genitive)
vas (genitive plural)
ti (dative singular)
vama (dative dual)
vam (dative plural)
ve (accusative singular)
vaju (accusative dual)
vas (accusative plural)
-te (singular)
tẹ̑ (singular stressed)

From Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


ti

¡Felicidades a ti!

you, thee (declined form of tú used as the object of a preposition)

masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown

when the subject is plural and of mixed gender

Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity

Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to


ti

ti (mutation mutation-radical)
di (mutation mutation-soft)
thi (irregular mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *ti, from Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


ti

Adìyẹ tí mo rà.


ti

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ти (ti)

Bulgarian: ти (ti)

Macedonian: ти (ti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ти

Latin script: ti

Slovene: ti

West Slavic:

Czech: ti

Polish: ci

Slovak: ti

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śi

Upper Sorbian: ći

(to) thee, you (singular); dative of *ty


ti

Breton: te

Cornish: ty

Welsh: ti

From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


ti

Komi:

Komi-Permyak: ті (ti)

Komi-Yazva: ті (ti)

Komi-Zyrian: ті (ti)

Old Komi: 𐍢𐍙 (tj)

Udmurt: тӥ (ti)

From Proto-Uralic *te. Cognates include Proto-Finnic *tek and Proto-Samic *tij.


es

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
i (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mi (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mier (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
min (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
miin (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
du (familiar nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
di (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dir (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dier (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
din (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
diin (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
Si (accusative nominative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ine (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ene (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
-ne (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ire (masculine personal polite possessive pronoun second-person singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (accusative feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (feminine masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
's (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-s (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
üs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
öis (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
ois (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eus (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
üse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
öise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
oise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
euse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
ir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ier (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öi (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eu (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öie (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
eure (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
si (accusative nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ine (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ene (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ire (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German ëȥ, from Old High German iȥ, from Proto-Germanic *it. Cognate with German es.


es

Alternative spelling of eß (“you”, plural)


es

head

es (proclitic, contracted s', enclitic se, contracted enclitic 's)

s' (contracted)
se (enclitic)
's (contracted enclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)


es

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
miar (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
du (familiar nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
diar (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
iart (nominative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
ach (accusative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
òich (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
èar (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ar (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
iime (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
zi (accusative feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ze (accusative feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
iar (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
is (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
's (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
iime (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
bar (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
bandare (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
zich (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
izàndarn (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iart (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iartàndare (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
artàndare (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
òich (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ach (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ogàndarn (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ze (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
zòi (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
zandare (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
zich (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
innàndarn (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German ëz, iz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.


es

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
-e (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ihr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun)
Ihr (nominative personal pronoun)
meiner (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
mein (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
deiner (genitive personal pronoun singular)
dein (genitive personal pronoun singular)
seiner (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihrer (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
seiner (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
unser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
ihrer (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihrer (genitive personal pronoun)
Euer (genitive personal pronoun)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (dative personal plural pronoun)
ihnen (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihnen (dative personal pronoun)
Euch (dative personal pronoun)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun)
Euch (accusative personal pronoun)

From Middle High German ëz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-Germanic *it. Compare English it.

Wo ist das Buch? Es liegt auf dem Tisch. ( Audio: (file)

Wo ist das Kind? Ich habe es.

Welche Farbe hat das Pferd? Es ist weiß. ( Audio: (file)

Ich bemerkte ein merkwürdiges bärtiges Individuum und beschloss, es im Auge zu behalten. ( Audio: (file)

I remarked a strange bearded individual and decided to keep an eye on him.

Das Mädchen wusste nicht, dass es beobachtet wurde. ( Audio: (file)

The girl didn’t know that she was being observed.

Jedes Vorstandsmitglied kann das Wort ergreifen, wenn es dies wünscht. ( Audio: (file)

Any board member may take the floor if they so wish.

Das Kind sagte nichts und sah mich mit seinen kühlen Augen an. Dann war es fort.

1952, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Das dicke Kind

The child said nothing and looked at me with her cold eyes. Then she was gone.

nominative and accusative neuter third-person singular personal pronoun

Das kann es nicht geben. ( Audio: (file)

This is nothing that could possibly exist.

Sie begann zu laufen, und ich tat es auch.

She started to run, and so did I. (literally, “She began to run, and I did it also.”)

Es war einmal eine schöne Prinzessin. ( Audio: (file)

Es ist sicher, dass morgen die Sonne scheinen wird. ( Audio: (file)

It's certain that the sun will shine tomorrow.

Es spielt das Fernsehorchester. ( Audio: (file)

Sie wird es noch weit bringen. ( Audio: (file)

Impersonal pronoun used to refer to statements, activities, the environment etc., or as a placeholder/dummy pronoun — it


es

From Portuguese este. Cognate with Kabuverdianu es.


es

ich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
eich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
-ich (enclitic first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
m'r (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
du (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
Dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
-du (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-de (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-Dau (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-De (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
Deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deer (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
d'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
D'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
er (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
där (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-er (enclitic masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sie (feminine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-se (enclitic feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ihns (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
eer (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ehr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
es (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
't (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
's (enclitic neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
-et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
-'t (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
meer (first-person nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
mer (enclitic first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
uns (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
uhs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
deer (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Ehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Dehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
eich (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
Auch (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
sie (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-se (enclitic nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
denne (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person unstressed)


es

es (nominative singular)
mes (nominative plural)
mane (genitive singular)
mani (genitive singular)
myusu (genitive plural)
maņ (dative singular)
mums (dative plural)
mani (accusative singular)
myus (accusative plural)
manī (locative singular)
myusūs (locative plural)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ. Cognates include Latvian es and Lithuanian aš.


es

es (nominative)
mani (accusative)
manis (genitive)
man (dative)
manim (dative)
mani (instrumental)
manī (locative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ (from *éǵh₂). The non-nominative forms derive from Proto-Indo-European dependent stem *me- (the a instead of e in the Baltic languages appears to result from Iranian influence): reduplicated *me-me- → *mene → Proto-Baltic genitive/accusative *mane → *manen (by analogy with other accusatives) → *manens (by analogy with other genitives) → genitive manis, while *manen → accusative mani. Dative man comes from an older *mani. Instrumental variant manim imitates the nominal i-stem paradigm. Cognates include Lithuanian aš (archaic eš), Old Prussian es, as, Sudovian as, Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ (Old Church Slavonic азъ (azŭ), Old East Slavic ꙗзъ (jazŭ), Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russian я (ja), Bulgarian аз (az), Czech já (from jaz), Polish ja (from jaz)), Proto-Germanic *ekan, *ek (Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik), Old Norse ek, Old High German ih, German ich, Old English ic, English I), Hittite [script needed] (uk), Sanskrit अहम् (ahám), Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬆𐬨 (azəm), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Latin ego, Ossetian ӕз (æz).

Es te dzīvoju.

Viņš mani sastapa ceļā.

Atnāc pie manis!

Nāc ar mani dejot!

Man nav laika.

I don't have time. (lit. There is no time to me.)

I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker


es

es (mutation mutation-radical)
n-es (mutation)

Alternative spelling of as: third-person singular masculine of a


es

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).


es

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
de (nominative personal pronoun singular)
dihr (nominative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
dihr (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
eich (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ihne (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ne (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihre (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ihne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
eich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)

Compare German es, Dutch het, English it.


es

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *ís. Compare Lithuanian jìs, but dissimilar Latvian viņš (“he”), Old Prussian tāns (“he”).


es

head

*es (feminine *sī, neuter *ed, plural *eyes)

desctree

Old Irish: é, hé, hǽ
Irish: sé, Irish: é
Scottish Gaelic: e
Manx: eh

Proto-Brythonic: *eβ̃

Breton: eñv

Cornish: ev

Old Welsh: em

Middle Welsh: ef, hi, wy

Welsh: ef (literary); e, fe (colloquial)


sine

inflection of sīn:
accusative feminine singular

inflection of sīn:
instrumental masculine/neuter singular


sine

head

sine (stressed reflexive-accusative form of el, ea, ei, and ele)

reflexive-accusative form of el (stressed)
ea (stressed)
ei (stressed)
ele (stressed)

Inherited from Latin sē, as with mine, tine.

(direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") himself, herself, itself, themselves


user

From Proto-Germanic *unseraz (“of us, our”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s-ero- (“our”). Cognate with Old Frisian ūse(r) (“our”), Old Saxon ūser (“our”), Old High German unsēr, unsār (“our”), Old Norse órr, várr (“our”), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂 (unsar, “our”). Related to Old English ūs (“us”).

(Northumbrian or poetic) Alternative form of ūre


tu

From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


tu

tu (second person singular, nominative case)

mē (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
tu (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
jou (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
joj (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
amē (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
tumē (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jonē (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
man (first-person personal pronoun singular)
tut (personal pronoun second-person singular)
lēs (masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
la (feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
amēn (first-person personal plural pronoun)
tumēn (personal plural pronoun second-person)
lēn (personal plural pronoun third-person)
pes (personal pronoun reflexive)
mange (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tuke (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
lēske (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
lake (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
amēnge (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
tumēnge (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
lēnge (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
pēske (dative personal pronoun reflexive)
mandyr (ablative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tutyr (ablative personal pronoun second-person singular)
lēstyr (ablative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
latyr (ablative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
amēndyr (ablative first-person personal plural pronoun)
tumēndyr (ablative personal plural pronoun second-person)
lēndyr (ablative personal plural pronoun third-person)
pēstyr (ablative personal pronoun reflexive)
miro (first-person genitive masculine personal pronoun singular)
tyro (genitive masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
lēskiro (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
lakiro (feminine genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
amaro (first-person genitive masculine personal plural pronoun)
tumaro (genitive masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
lēngiro (genitive masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
pēskiro (genitive masculine personal pronoun reflexive)
miri (feminine first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tyri (feminine genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
lēskiri (feminine genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
lakiri (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
amari (feminine first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
tumari (feminine genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
lēngiri (feminine genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
pēskiri (feminine genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
mirē (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tyrē (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
lēskirē (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
lakirē (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
amarē (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
tumarē (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
lēngirē (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
pēskirē (genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
mandē (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tutē (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
lēstē (locative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
latē (feminine locative personal pronoun singular third-person)
amēndē (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
tumēndē (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
lēndē (locative personal plural pronoun third-person)
pēstē (locative personal pronoun reflexive)
mansa (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tusa (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
lēsa (instrumental masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
lasa (feminine instrumental personal pronoun singular third-person)
amēnca (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
tumēnca (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
lēnsa (instrumental personal plural pronoun third-person)
pēsa (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
pe (personal pronoun second-person singular)
pe (personal pronoun singular third-person)
pe (personal plural pronoun second-person)
pe (personal plural pronoun third-person)


tu

jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)


tu

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


tu

tu (second person informal singular, plural vous, object te, emphatic toi, possessive determiner ton)

vous (plural)
toi (emphatic)
ton (determiner possessive)

From Old French tu, from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Cognates with the exact same usage are the Italian tu, as well as du in German or ты in Russian.

3 Also used when a group has both men and women

4 Also used as third person plural reflexive


tu

From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


tu

From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


tu

Borrowed from English thou, French tu, German du, Italian tu, Spanish tú, Russian ты (ty), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ with + -u.

(informal, familiar) you (singular), thou

The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered


tu

tu (nominative singular)
jius (nominative plural)
teve (genitive singular)
tevi (genitive singular)
juisu (genitive plural)
tev (dative singular)
jums (dative plural)
tevi (accusative singular)
jius (accusative plural)
tevī (locative singular)
jiusūs (locative plural)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates include Latvian tu and Lithuanian tu.

(in reported speech) he, she (that is addressed)


tu

tū (second person singular, possessive adjective tuus)

tū (canonical)
tuus (adjective possessive)

Aromanian: tu

Corsican: tù

Dalmatian: te

Franco-Provençal: te

Friulian: tu

Istro-Romanian: tú

Italian: tu

Ladin: tu

Megleno-Romanian: tu

Mozarabic: ت (tu)

Navarro-Aragonese: tu

Aragonese: tu

Neapolitan: tu

Old French: tu

Gallo: tu

Middle French:

French: tu

Norman: tu, tu (Guernésiais)

Picard: tu

Walloon: tu

Old Leonese:

Asturian: tu

Leonese: tu

Mirandese: tu

Old Occitan: tu

Occitan: tu

Old Catalan: tu

Catalan: tu

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: tu
Fala: tu
Galician: tu, ti
Portuguese: tu

Old Spanish: tu

Extremaduran: tú

Ladino: tu

Spanish: tú
Chavacano: tu

Romanian: tu

Romansch: tu, tü

Sardinian: tue

Sicilian: tu

Venetian: ti

From Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū.

Mē tuī pudet.

Ablative case
Accusative case
Dative case
Genitive case
Nominative case
Vocative case


tu

tu (nominative)
tevi (accusative)
tevis (genitive)
tev (dative)
tevim (dative)
tevi (instrumental)
tevī (locative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. The Latvian tevis comes from *tevens, with an -en-increased form showing an additional s by analogy with other genitive plurals. The dative form was originally closer to Old Prussian tebbei; the current form tev has a v due to influence from other declension forms, and the ending was reduced. The accusative tevi comes from *teven, with n by analogy to the accusative form of other words. The locative tevī was formed by analogy with i-stem nouns.

vai tu nāksi man līdzi?

pieder tautai, tad tauta piederēs tev!

belong to the people, and then the people will belong to you!

būt uz tu ar kādu

to be on intimate terms (lit. to be on thou) with someone

(informal in the singular) you; (dated) thou; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee

"ak tu to skaļo gaiļa rīkli!" māte priecājas

"oh you loud rooster throat!" mother said happily

ak tu mūžs! cūka izlauzusies no aizgalda!

ah (you) life! the pig escaped from the pen!

(in the expression “ak tu...”) used to strengthen the meaning of a word or expression


tu

tù (canonical)
tù (nominative singular)
jùdu m (dual nominative)
jùdvi f (dual nominative)
jū̃s (nominative plural)
tavę̃s (genitive singular)
jùdviejų (dual genitive)
jū́sų (genitive plural)
táu (dative singular)
jùdviem (dative dual)
jùms (dative plural)
tavè (accusative singular)
jùdu m (accusative dual)
jùdvi f (accusative dual)
jùs (accusative plural)
tavimì (instrumental singular)
tavim̃ (instrumental singular)
jùdviem (dual instrumental)
jumìs (instrumental plural)
tavyjè (locative singular)
tavỹ (locative singular)
jùdviese (dual locative)
jumysè (locative plural)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuˀ (“you”), from Proto-Indo-European *tuH. The oblique stem tav- has been generalized from the Proto-Indo-European genitive *téwe. For a discussion of the case endings, see àš (“I”).


tu

Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.


tu

you (the second-person singular pronoun)


tu

you (second-person singular nominative pronoun)


tu

From Proto-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


tu

Fala: tu

Galician: tu, ti

Portuguese: tu

13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 149 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/290small.gif] facsimile])

Lady, I beg you, please take me out of this dark prison and let me see your beautiful face in Heaven.

eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida.

thou, you (singular second person pronoun)


tu

tu (mutation mutation-radical)
thu (mutation mutation-nasal)
tu (mutation)


tu

Masurian: tu

Polish: tu

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu. First attested in the 14th century.


tu

head

tu (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling توۡ)


tu

From Old Galician-Portuguese tu, from Latin tū (“you”), from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).

(informal in Portugal, literary, archaic or regional in Brazil) you; thou (singular second person pronoun)

Ela gosta de tu.

(Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) second-person singular prepositional pronoun


tu

From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


tu

you; second-person singular and plural personal pronoun


tu

Form of thu (“thou, you”) used after verb forms ending in -n, -s or -dh.

thu

*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun

the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n


tu

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Compare Lithuanian tù, Latvian tu, Old Prussian tu, tou.


tu

From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Tocharian B tuwe.


tu

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: -th-

Old Irish: t-


ar

Ar khimmet lóofanten.


ar

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

ga-pron

except of past autonomous forms (triggers-lenition)

Sin ar chonnaic mé ann.

Ar thuig tú ar canadh?

Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as.

a

form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs


ar

Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.

Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.

Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?

What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?


ika

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-kahu.


puer

All puer Woche fannt dir eist „Chamber-Blietchen“ an ärer Bréifkëscht, vläicht och op der Trap oder am Gank;

2001, Pol Wilmes, Eng Klack fir eis Sprooch

Every few weeks we find our "Chamber-Blietchen" in our letter box, perhaps even on the stairs or in the hallway;


visa

inflection of viss:
genitive singular masculine

inflection of viss:
nominative singular feminine


la

her (third-person singular feminine direct pronoun)


la

head

la (enclitic and proclitic, contracted proclitic l')

l' (contracted proclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

Inherited from Old Catalan la, from Latin illa (demonstrative) via apheresis.


la

From Latin illa, feminine form of ille (“that”), from Old Latin olle. Cognates include Italian la and French la.


la

From Latin illa(m), feminine form of ille.


la

her (third-person singular feminine accusative)

2 Generally preceded by a definite article


la

From Middle French la, from Old French la, from Latin illam, which is the accusative singular feminine of ille.

Où est Judith ? Je ne la vois pas.

Prends cette boîte et mets-la dans le coin.


la

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects

La vedo.

[…] una improvvisa timidezza però la immobilizza […]

[…] a sudden timidity immobilized her though […]

La vedo.

Scusi se la disturbo.

(accusative, formal) you (term of respect)


la

desctree

Middle French: la
French: la
→ Norwegian Bokmål: la


la

Alternative form of a (third-person feminine singular objective pronoun) used as an enclitic and mesoclitic following a verb form ending in a consonant (-z, -r and -s, but not -m); the consonant is elided and the preceding vowel takes an accent if necessary


la

From Latin illa, feminine of ille (“that”).

-ra

used when previous syllable is unstressed


la

From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.

La canusci?

Quannu ti la desi.


la

→ Translingual: La

From Old Spanish ela, from Latin illa(m), feminine singular of ille.

accusative of ella, ello (when the antecedent's implied gender is feminine), and usted (when referring to a woman); her, it, you (formal)

ella

La sabe toda.

¡Dónde la viste!

No te la creo.

impersonal neuter pronoun (accusative) in certain colloquial phrases: it, this


la

I; the first-person singular masculine pronoun; the first-person singular pronoun used by adult men


la

you (second-person singular object pronoun)


la

lá (full-form)
kula (locative)
yila (copulative)
wala (class-1 possessive)
owala (class-1 possessive possessive-substantive)
bala (class-2 possessive)
abala (class-2 possessive possessive-substantive)
wala (class-3 possessive)
owala (class-3 possessive possessive-substantive)
yala (class-4 possessive)
eyala (class-4 possessive possessive-substantive)
lala (class-5 possessive)
elala (class-5 possessive possessive-substantive)
ala (class-6 possessive)
awala (class-6 possessive possessive-substantive)
sala (class-7 possessive)
esala (class-7 possessive possessive-substantive)
zala (class-8 possessive)
ezala (class-8 possessive possessive-substantive)
yala (class-9 possessive)
eyala (class-9 possessive possessive-substantive)
zala (class-10 possessive)
ezala (class-10 possessive possessive-substantive)
lwala (class-11 possessive)
olwala (class-11 possessive possessive-substantive)
bala (class-14 possessive)
obala (class-14 possessive possessive-substantive)
kwala (class-15 possessive)
okwala (class-15 possessive possessive-substantive)
kwala (class-17 possessive)
okwala (class-17 possessive possessive-substantive)


ola

Edunol gudiko ad ekesumön reinajelömi ola.

1931, Arie de Jong, Gramat Volapüka, § 256


yumpla

The inclusive first person plural, yumpla refers to the speaker, the person(s) being spoken to, and other person(s); we, us.


se

Petra eo se?


se

head

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

's (contracted)
es (proclitic)
s' (contracted proclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)


se

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
iar (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
'z (personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.


se

From Old Czech sě, from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

oneself

myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves


se

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē.

Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista

We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned [by someone].

Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent; one

Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá

They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

Reflexive and reciprocal pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another


se

table
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.
The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.
The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).

Älä koske siihen!

Don't touch that! (something located close to the speaker)

Sitäkö sinä sillä tarkoitit?

(demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally; compare tuo, see usage notes)

Onko se hän, joka on ovella?

Ota kortti ja pane se pöydälle kuvapuoli alaspäin.

Take a card and put it on the table face down.

Kukas se sieltä tulee?

Se, jolla on eniten pisteitä, on voittaja.

The one who has the most points is the winner.

Joka kuritta kasvaa, se kunniatta kuolee.

[The one] who grows up without discipline dies without honor.

the one (who, what, which) (always with a relative clause)

Se vaan lähti.

(colloquial or dialectal) he, she, one, (singular) they (the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)


se

From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē. See also soi.

me

The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns

soi

The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun

The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.

Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien.

I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.

(Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.


se

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) himself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
himself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) herself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
herself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) oneself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
oneself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) itself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
itself

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) themselves

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
themselves

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
(to) each other

The third-person reflexive pronoun.
each other


se

From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Se is Anke.


se

Se kaamt ut Bremen.

Dao gävven⁵ sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.⁶
⁵ gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an. ⁶ zu ihnen kamen.

1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163


se

From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

this, that (not bound to a specific location)


se

Illa se videva in le speculo.

Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

Quando illes se cognosceva?

De mi casa se vide le mar.

From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)

Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").

espaventar

“to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".


se

(relative) that (which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition)


se

From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

he/she/it (absent from speaker) (3rd-person personal pronoun)


se

se (nominative singular)
net (nominative plural)
sen (genitive singular)
niitten (genitive plural)
niinen (genitive plural)
sitä (partitive singular)
niitä (partitive plural)
siihen (illative singular)
niihin (illative plural)
siinä (inessive singular)
niissä (inessive plural)
siitä (elative singular)
siittä (elative singular)
niistä (elative plural)
sille (allative singular)
sillet (allative singular)
niile (allative plural)
niilet (allative plural)
sillä (adessive singular)
niilä (adessive plural)
siltä (ablative singular)
niiltä (ablative plural)
sinä (singular translative)
niinä (plural translative)
siksi (essive singular)
niiksi (essive plural)

From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.


se

(indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.

(reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.