ty

ja (nominative personal pronoun singular)
mój (dual nominative personal pronoun)
my (nominative personal plural pronoun)
mje (genitive personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) mnje (genitive personal pronoun singular)
naju (dual genitive personal pronoun)
nas (genitive personal plural pronoun)
mi (dative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) mni (dative personal pronoun singular)
namaj (dative dual personal pronoun)
nam (dative personal plural pronoun)
mje (accusative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) mnje (accusative personal pronoun singular)
naju (accusative dual personal pronoun)
nas (accusative personal plural pronoun)
mnu (instrumental personal pronoun singular)
namaj (dual instrumental personal pronoun)
nami (instrumental personal plural pronoun)
mni (locative personal pronoun singular)
namaj (dual locative personal pronoun)
nas (locative personal plural pronoun)
ty (nominative personal pronoun singular)
wój (dual nominative personal pronoun)
wy (nominative personal plural pronoun)
će (genitive personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) tebje (genitive personal pronoun singular)
waju (dual genitive personal pronoun)
was (genitive personal plural pronoun)
ći (dative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) tebi (dative personal pronoun singular)
wamaj (dative dual personal pronoun)
wam (dative personal plural pronoun)
će (accusative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) tebje (accusative personal pronoun singular)
waju (accusative dual personal pronoun)
was (accusative personal plural pronoun)
tobu (instrumental personal pronoun singular)
wamaj (dual instrumental personal pronoun)
wami (instrumental personal plural pronoun)
tebi (locative personal pronoun singular)
wamaj (dual locative personal pronoun)
was (locative personal plural pronoun)
wón (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular)
wona (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular)
wono (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular)
wonaj (dual nominative personal pronoun virile)
wonej (dual nominative personal pronoun)
woni (nominative personal plural pronoun)
wone (nominative personal plural pronoun)
jeho (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njeho (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular)
jeje (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njeje (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular)
jeho (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njeho (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular)
jeju (dual genitive personal pronoun virile)
jeju (genitive personal pronoun)
jich (genitive personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nich (genitive personal plural pronoun)
jemu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njemu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular)
jej (dative feminine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njej (dative feminine personal pronoun singular)
jemu (dative neuter personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njemu (dative neuter personal pronoun singular)
jimaj (dative dual personal pronoun virile)
jimaj (dative personal pronoun)
(after preposition) nimaj (dative dual personal pronoun virile)
(after preposition) nimaj (dative personal pronoun)
jim (dative personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nim (dative personal plural pronoun)
jón (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njón (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular)
jeho (accusative animate masculine personal pronoun singular)
njeho (accusative animate masculine personal pronoun singular)
ju (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) nju (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular)
jo (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
je (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njo (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
nje (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
jeju (accusative dual personal pronoun virile)
(after preposition) njeju (accusative dual personal pronoun virile)
jej (accusative dual personal pronoun)
(after preposition) njej (accusative dual personal pronoun)
jich (accusative personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nich (accusative personal plural pronoun)
je (accusative personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nje (accusative personal plural pronoun)
nim (instrumental masculine personal pronoun singular)
njej (feminine instrumental personal pronoun singular)
nim (instrumental neuter personal pronoun singular)
nimaj (dual instrumental personal pronoun virile)
nimaj (instrumental personal pronoun)
nimi (instrumental personal plural pronoun)
nim (locative masculine personal pronoun singular)
njej (feminine locative personal pronoun singular)
nim (locative neuter personal pronoun singular)
nimaj (dual locative personal pronoun virile)
nimaj (locative personal pronoun)
nich (locative personal plural pronoun)


ty

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ты (ty)

Belarusian: ты (ty)

Russian: ты (ty)

Carpathian Rusyn: ты (tŷ)

Ukrainian: ти (ty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тꙑ (ty)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱏⰺ (ty)

Bulgarian: ти (ti)

Macedonian: ти (ti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ти̑

Latin script: tȋ

Slovene: tȋ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ty

Czech: ty

desctree

Old Polish: ty
Masurian: ti
Polish: ty
Silesian: ty

Slovak: ty

Polabian: tåi

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: të

Slovincian: të

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ty

Upper Sorbian: ty

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


nós

Pre-2016 spelling of nos (“we (specifically the "royal we", used by a sovereign in the singular)”).


nós

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.


nós

From Portuguese nós (“we”), from Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá:

1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3

Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on:

we (first-person plural personal pronoun)


nós

Nós estamos aqui.

first-person plural nominative personal pronoun: we

Os pássaros voaram até nós.

first-person plural prepositional pronoun: us

Ele bateu em nós!

(Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) first-person plural objective personal pronoun; us


zona

zoná (canonical)
zoná (full-form)
kúzo (locative)
yízo (copulative)
wâzo (class-1 possessive)
ówâzo (class-1 possessive possessive-substantive)
bâzo (class-2 possessive)
ábâzo (class-2 possessive possessive-substantive)
wâzo (class-3 possessive)
ówâzo (class-3 possessive possessive-substantive)
yâzo (class-4 possessive)
éyâzo (class-4 possessive possessive-substantive)
lâzo (class-5 possessive)
élâzo (class-5 possessive possessive-substantive)
âzo (class-6 possessive)
áwâzo (class-6 possessive possessive-substantive)
sâzo (class-7 possessive)
ésâzo (class-7 possessive possessive-substantive)
zâzo (class-8 possessive)
ézâzo (class-8 possessive possessive-substantive)
yâzo (class-9 possessive)
éyâzo (class-9 possessive possessive-substantive)
zâzo (class-10 possessive)
ézâzo (class-10 possessive possessive-substantive)
lwâzo (class-11 possessive)
ólwâzo (class-11 possessive possessive-substantive)
bâzo (class-14 possessive)
óbâzo (class-14 possessive possessive-substantive)
kwâzo (class-15 possessive)
ókwâzo (class-15 possessive possessive-substantive)
kwâzo (class-17 possessive)
ókwâzo (class-17 possessive possessive-substantive)


jij

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

Afrikaans: jy

Berbice Creole Dutch: ju

Jersey Dutch: jāi

Negerhollands: joe, ju

Petjo: jij

From Middle Dutch ji, northern form of gi, from Old Dutch gī, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a northwest Germanic variant of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Doublet of gij.
Cognate with Low German ji, jie, English ye, West Frisian jimme, German ihr. See also gij, u.

Jij was er niet.

(second-person singular subjective personal pronoun) you


iso

From Old Galician-Portuguese isso, from Latin ipsum, neuter of ipse. Compare Portuguese isso, Spanish eso.

(demonstrative) that (neuter singular of ese)


more

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

non-rhotic, dough-door merger, African-American Vernacular

From Middle English more, from Old English māra (“more”), from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *maizô (“more”), from Proto-Indo-European *mē- (“many”).
Cognate with Scots mair (“more”), Saterland Frisian moor (“more”), West Frisian mear (“more”), Dutch meer (“more”), Low German mehr (“more”), German mehr (“more”), Danish mere (“more”), Swedish mera (“more”), Norwegian Bokmål mer (“more”), Norwegian Nynorsk meir (“more”), Icelandic meiri, meira (“more”).

We’re running out of napkins. I should have bought more.

There isn’t enough salt in this. You need to add more.

A greater number or quantity (of something).

There aren’t many people here yet, but more should be arriving soon.

Speaking about Canada, where I teach, while the canon remains the raison d’etre of the discipline, some changes have come about and more are in the offing.

2016, Arun P. Mukherjee, “English Studies in Contemporary India”, in M. Sridhar, Sunita Mishra, editors, Language Policy and Education in India: Documents, Contexts and Debates, page 254

An extra or additional quantity (of something).


doe

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular stressed)
'ch (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
m'ch (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
m'r (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (first-person personal pronoun reflexive singular)
doe (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
de (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
dich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
d'ch (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
dir (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
d'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (informal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
duur (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
'r (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
uch (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uch [əç] (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
uch (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uch [əç] (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (formal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
heë (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
deë (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
e (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
de (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
dem (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
d'm (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hem (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
dem (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zich (masculine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
zie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
het (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ze (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
dem (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
d'm (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hem (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
dem (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zich (feminine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
det (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
dem (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
d'm (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hem (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
dem (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zich (neuter personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
vir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun stressed)
v'r (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ós (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
ós (dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
like dat. and acc. (first-person personal plural pronoun reflexive)
duur (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
'r (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
uch (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uch [əç] (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
uch (dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uch [əç] (dative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
zie (nominative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
die (nominative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hön (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hönnen (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
zich (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)

From Middle Dutch du, from Old Dutch thū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū.


mano

Appears to be a new formation built from mãn-, the oblique stem of àš + the masculine genitive ending -õ; compare jõ (“his”), tàvo (“your”), sàvo (“one's own”). Dialectal mãnas (“my”) matches Latvian mans (“my”), while Old Prussian mais (“my”) is an independent formation. Compare however Sudovian mano (“my”), which suggests the formation may be old.

Tù esì màno geriáusias draũgas.

Tàs vaĩkas nè màno.

Taĩ bùvo pìrmas màno rašýtas laĩškas põpieriuje.

That was the first letter written by me on paper.

by me (used to indicate a first person singular agent in passive constructions)


wit

head

wit (accusative unk, genitive unker, possessive determiner unker)

unk (accusative)
unker (genitive)
unker (determiner possessive)

From Old English wit (“we two”), from Proto-West Germanic *wit, from Proto-Germanic *wet. Compare the first-person plural pronoun we.

(Early Middle English) First-person dual pronoun: we twain, the two of us.


wit

iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowic (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

Middle English: wit

From Proto-West Germanic *wit, from Proto-Germanic *wet, from a suffixed form of *wéy (see wē). Cognate with North Frisian wat, Old Norse vit, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐍄 (wit), and Lithuanian vèdu.

Wit beǣwnodon ġiestrandæġ.

goldwine gumena, hwæt wit geō sprǣcon,


wit

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
thū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
me (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ina (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
imu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mīn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
wit (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
git (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unkero (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
unka (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
inker (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
inka (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
wī (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
we (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ge (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (masculine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (feminine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (neuter nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
unsik (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (accusative masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (accusative neuter personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
im (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwero (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwera (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Proto-West Germanic *wit, from Proto-Germanic *wet. Accusative from Proto-Germanic *unk, dative from *unkiz.


wit

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
miʀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þiʀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mīn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
þīn (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
wit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jit (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
unk (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unk (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unkar (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
inkwar (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
wiʀ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
jiʀ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
unsar (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
iuwar (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Old English: wit

Middle English: wit

Old Frisian: wit

North Frisian: wat

Old Saxon: wit


per

per (third-person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative per, possessive adjective pers, possessive noun pers, reflexive perself)

en-pron

per (accusative)
pers (adjective possessive)
pers (noun possessive)
perself (reflexive)

shortening of person, coined by Marge Piercy in Woman on the Edge of Time (1979)

This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?

1997 April 22, Anthony and Joy Hilbert, “ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet)

(rare, nonstandard) They (singular). Gender-neutral neologistic third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.

"Kalypso!" I call out as phe disappears on the horizon. I did not know it, but I loved per.

1998, Katherine Phelps, “Odysseus, She”, in Storytronics

Whereas Christie had flirted with a lesbian identity prior to surgery, following surgery Christie found perself able to pursue per attraction to men, provided they related to per as a non-gendered person.

2006 November 15, Richard Ekins, Dave King, The transgender phenomenon, Sage Publications, →LCCN, LCC HQ77.9.E55 2006, page 160

(rare, nonstandard) Them (singular) Neologistic gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, suggested for use in place of him and her.


ton

ton (nominative singular)
tuäna (dual nominative)
tij (nominative plural)
tuu (genitive singular)
tuännai (dual genitive)
tij (genitive plural)
tuu (accusative singular)
tuännaid (accusative dual)
tiʹjjid (accusative plural)
tuʹnne (illative singular)
tuännaid (dual illative)
tiʹjjid (illative plural)
tuʹst (locative singular)
tuännast (dual locative)
tiiʹst (locative plural)
tuin (comitative singular)
tuännain (comitative dual)
tiʹjjivuiʹm (comitative plural)
tuutää (abessive singular)
tuännaitää (abessive dual)
tiʹjjitää (abessive plural)
tuuʹnen (essive singular)
tuännan (dual essive)
tuuʹđed (partitive singular)


ton

you two

Second person dual subject (medial position)

you (three or more)

Second person plural subject (medial position)


zon

Aghul: зун (zun)

Archi: зон (zon)

Budukh: зын (zın)

Kryts: зын

Lezgi: зун (zun)

Rutul: зы

Tabasaran: изу (izu), узу (uzu)

Tsakhur: зы

Aghwan: 𐔵𐕒𐕡 (zu)
Udi: зу (zu)


kon

Inherited from Sanskrit कः पुनर् (kaḥ punar). Cognate with Hindi कौन (kaun), Bengali কোন (kōn) and Marathi कोण (koṇ).

inh+

Kon si kothe?


eet

Ee cin tell is aa aboot eet later.

(Southern Scots) it in the object case, or as the complement of ti be

Dis eet say si?

(Southern Scots) the form of it which is used after an inversion


vos

head

vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)

us (contracted)
us (proclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)


vos

Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...

1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...

1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt

Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.

1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.


vos

From Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs.

Second person plural nominative pronoun; you

(Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; you


vos

Inherited from Latin vōs (nominative or accusative).

inh+

you (second-person plural nominative, accusative, dative, or tonic)

2 Generally preceded by a definite article


vos

you (formal singular, nominative and accusative)


vos

Aromanian: voi, voauã

Catalan: vós, vosaltres

Dalmatian: vu, voi

Franco-Provençal: vos

Friulian: vô, voaltris

Italian: voi, voialtri

Mirandese: bós

Neapolitan: vuje

Occitan: vos, vosautres

desctree

Old French: vos
Middle French: vous
French: vous
Walloon: vos

Old Galician-Portuguese: vos

Galician: vós, vosoutros

Portuguese: vós

Romanian: voi, vouă

Romansch: vus

Sardinian: bosatrus

Sicilian: vui, vuàutri

Spanish: vos, vosotros, os

From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

“Vōs et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantīs
accēstis scopulōs, vōs et Cyclōpēa saxa

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.200–202

“You neared mad Scylla and heard the howls within her cliffs, and you experienced the rocks of the Cyclops.”
(Note: “accestis” is a syncopated form of “accessistis.” The “vos et … vos et” repetition exemplifies anaphora.)

you, ye, you all; nominative/accusative/vocative plural of tū

Ablative case
Accusative case
Dative case
Genitive case
Nominative case
Vocative case


vos

From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)

yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)


vos

Middle French: vous

French: vous

Walloon: vos

Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide

That you may be able to get rid of this blame

you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)

your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)

yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)

qant je vos voi de tel meniere

you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)


vos

Occitan: vos


vos

From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).


vos

Inherited from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.

inh+

masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown

when the subject is plural and of mixed gender

Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity

Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to

(archaic) an elevated form of you, either singular or plural

(parts of Latin America, Chavacano-speaking areas in the Philippines) a form of you, singular

parts of Latin America; Chavacano-speaking areas in the Philippines; parts of Latin America; Chavacano-speaking areas in the Philippines


vos

From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.


dea

Ultimately comes from Proto-Germanic þu.


tom

locative masculine/neuter singular of ten


tom

your

Second person singular possessive (medial position)

you


mik

Mik ezek?


mik

ek (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þú (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hann (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hón (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hǫ́n (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
þat (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
hann (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hana (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hána (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
þat (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mér (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þér (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sér (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
hánum (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hónum (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hǫ́num (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
henni (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
því (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mín (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
þín (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sín (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
hans (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hennar (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
þess (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
vit (dual nominative personal pronoun)
it (dual nominative personal pronoun)
þit (dual nominative personal pronoun)
okkr (accusative dual personal pronoun)
ykkr (accusative dual personal pronoun)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun)
okkr (dative dual personal pronoun)
ykkr (dative dual personal pronoun)
sér (dative dual personal pronoun)
okkar (dual genitive personal pronoun)
ykkar (dual genitive personal pronoun)
sín (dual genitive personal pronoun)
vér (nominative personal plural pronoun)
ér (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þér (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þeir (masculine nominative personal plural pronoun)
þær (feminine nominative personal plural pronoun)
þau (neuter nominative personal plural pronoun)
oss (accusative personal plural pronoun)
yðr (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun)
þá (accusative masculine personal plural pronoun)
þær (accusative feminine personal plural pronoun)
þau (accusative neuter personal plural pronoun)
oss (dative personal plural pronoun)
yðr (dative personal plural pronoun)
sér (dative personal plural pronoun)
þeim (dative masculine personal plural pronoun)
þeim (dative feminine personal plural pronoun)
þeim (dative neuter personal plural pronoun)
vár (genitive personal plural pronoun)
yðar (genitive personal plural pronoun)
yðvar (genitive personal plural pronoun)
sín (genitive personal plural pronoun)
þeira (genitive masculine personal plural pronoun)
þeirra (genitive masculine personal plural pronoun)
þeira (feminine genitive personal plural pronoun)
þeirra (feminine genitive personal plural pronoun)
þeira (genitive neuter personal plural pronoun)
þeirra (genitive neuter personal plural pronoun)

Icelandic: mig

Faroese: meg

Norwegian: meg

Jamtish: meg

Old Swedish: mik

desc

Swedish: mig, mek (Värmland, Västergötland)

Danish: mig

From Proto-Germanic *mek (“me”), accusative of *ek (“I”). Cognate with Old English meċ, Old Saxon mik, Old High German mih, Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌺 (mik).

me (first-person accusative singular personal pronoun)


mik

German Low German: mik


mik

iak (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
iæk (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
hōn (feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
þæt (neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mek (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
hana (feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hōna (feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
mǣ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mǣr (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mik (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þǣ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
þǣr (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
þik (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sǣ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sǣr (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
hōnum (dative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hānum (dative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hænni (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
þȳ (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
þī (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mīn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
þīn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
hans (genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
hænna (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
hænnar (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
þæs (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
vit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
it (dual nominative personal pronoun)
oker (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
iker (accusative dual personal pronoun)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
oker (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
iker (dative dual personal pronoun)
sǣr (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
okar (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
ikar (dual genitive personal pronoun)
sīn (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
vī (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vīr (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ī(r) (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þē (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þēr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þā (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þār (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þø̄n (nominative personal plural pronoun)
þēn (nominative personal plural pronoun)
os (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
ōs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iþer (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
þā (accusative personal plural pronoun)
þār (accusative personal plural pronoun)
þø̄n (accusative personal plural pronoun)
þē (accusative personal plural pronoun)
þēn (accusative personal plural pronoun)
os (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
ōs (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iþer (dative personal plural pronoun)
sǣr (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
þēm (dative personal plural pronoun)
þø̄m (dative personal plural pronoun)
þom (dative personal plural pronoun)
vār (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
iþar (genitive personal plural pronoun)
sīn (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
þēra (genitive personal plural pronoun)

me (first-person accusative/dative singular personal pronoun)


waas

From Middle High German waz, from Old High German waz, from Proto-Germanic *hwat. Cognate with German was, Dutch wat, English what, Icelandic hvað.


esse

essa (feminine)
esses (masculine plural)
essas (feminine plural)
isso (neuter)

From Old Galician-Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).

Esse é o segredo para vencer.

that (that one); this (this one) (indicates something already mentioned or understood from context)


suis

dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of suus


kom

kȍm (canonical)
kòm (canonical)
ко̏м (Cyrillic)
ко̀м (Cyrillic)
tkȍ (nominative plural singular)
kȍ (nominative plural singular)
kȍg (genitive plural singular)
kòga (genitive plural singular)
kȍm (dative plural singular)
kòmu (dative plural singular)
kòme (dative plural singular)
kȍg. kòga (accusative plural singular)
kòm (locative plural singular)
kòme (locative plural singular)
kȋm (instrumental plural singular)
kíme (instrumental plural singular)


tik

tik (nominative)
tikteket (accusative)
nektek (dative)
veletek (instrumental)
értetek (causal-final)
bennetek (inessive)
rajtatok (superessive)
nálatok (adessive)
belétek (illative)
rátok (sublative)
hozzátok (allative)
belőletek (elative)
rólatok (delative)
tőletek (ablative)
declension of tik

(personal, folksy) Alternative form of ti (“you, plural”).


nessuno

head

nessuno m sg (singular only, feminine nessuna)

From Latin nē (“not”) + ipse (emphatic, literally “himself”) + ūnus (“one”), meaning “not even one”. Cognate with Neapolitan nisciuno, Sardinian nisciunu, Friulian nissun, Ligurian nisciǜn, and Old French neisune. Compare Spanish ninguno and Romanian niciun.


manu

inflection of mans:
genitive plural masculine/feminine


moor

From Old Frisian māra, from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō. Cognates include West Frisian mear and German mehr.


bom

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


chest

From Vulgar Latin *eccum iste (see there for cognates), from Latin eccum (“behold”) + iste (“that”). Compare Ladin chest and Romansch quest.


chest

head

chest m (feminine singular chesta, masculine plural chestj, feminine plural cheste)

chesta (feminine singular)
chestj (masculine plural)
cheste (feminine plural)

From Vulgar Latin *eccum iste, from Latin eccum (deictic) + iste (“that”).


ren

From Old Galician-Portuguese ren, from Latin rēs nāta, neutral plural of rēs nātum, Latin no things.


ren

From Latin rem, accusative of rēs (“thing”). Compare Catalan res (“nothing”), French rien (“nothing”).


ja

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *axʷ (“I”). Compare Kott ai (“I”), Pumpokol ad (“I”), and Arin aj.


ja

third-person singular instrumental of ji


ja

ja (nominative singular)
mej (dual nominative)
my (nominative plural)
mě (genitive singular)
(after preposition) mnjo (genitive singular)
naju (dual genitive)
nas (genitive plural)
mě (dative singular)
(after preposition) mnjo (dative singular)
nama (dative dual)
nam (dative plural)
mě (accusative singular)
(after preposition) mnjo (accusative singular)
naju (accusative dual)
nas (accusative plural)
mnu (instrumental singular)
nama (dual instrumental)
nami (instrumental plural)
mnjo (locative singular)
nama (dual locative)
nas (locative plural)
mój (determiner possessive singular)
naju (determiner dual possessive)
naš (determiner plural possessive)

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.


ja

ja (nominative singular)
jaz (nominative singular)
mnie (genitive singular)
mienie (genitive singular)
mie (genitive singular)
mię (genitive singular)
mnię (genitive singular)
mnie (dative singular)
mienie (dative singular)
minie (dative singular)
mie (dative singular)
mi (dative singular)
mni (dative singular)
ni (dative singular)
mnie (accusative singular)
mię (accusative singular)
mie (accusative singular)
mnię (accusative singular)
nię (accusative singular)
mi (accusative singular)
mną (instrumental singular)
mnie (locative singular)

Masurian: já

Polish: ja

Silesian: jŏ

tableInherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ. First attested in the 13th century.


ja

ja (nominative singular)
my (nominative plural)
mnie (genitive singular)
mię (genitive singular)
nas (genitive plural)
mnie (dative singular)
mi (dative singular)
nam (dative plural)
mnie (accusative singular)
mię (accusative singular)
nas (accusative plural)
mną (instrumental singular)
nami (instrumental plural)
mnie (locative singular)
nas (locative plural)

Inherited from Old Polish ja. Doublet of ego.

Ja chcę mieć przyjaciół.


ja

From Russian я (ja). May also be a Russianized form of Danish jeg or Swedish jag.


ja

jȃ (canonical)
ја̑ (Cyrillic)
jȃ (nominative singular)
mȋ (nominative plural)
mȅne (genitive singular)
me (genitive singular)
nȃs (genitive plural)
mȅni (dative singular)
mi (dative singular)
nȁma (dative plural)
nam (dative plural)
mȅne (accusative singular)
me (accusative singular)
nȃs (accusative plural)
mȋ (plural vocative)
mȅni (locative singular)
nȁma (locative plural)
mnȏm (instrumental singular)
mnóme (instrumental singular)
nȁma (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Ja sam učio.


ja

ja (nominative singular-only)
mňa／ma (genitive singular-only)
mne／mi (dative singular-only)
mňa／ma (accusative singular-only)
mne (locative singular-only)
mnou (instrumental singular-only)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.


ja

Ja sem Slovenec.


ja

(colloquial, text messaging) Pronunciation spelling of jag.


ja

ja (nominative personal pronoun singular)
mój (dual nominative personal pronoun)
my (nominative personal plural pronoun)
mje (genitive personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) mnje (genitive personal pronoun singular)
naju (dual genitive personal pronoun)
nas (genitive personal plural pronoun)
mi (dative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) mni (dative personal pronoun singular)
namaj (dative dual personal pronoun)
nam (dative personal plural pronoun)
mje (accusative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) mnje (accusative personal pronoun singular)
naju (accusative dual personal pronoun)
nas (accusative personal plural pronoun)
mnu (instrumental personal pronoun singular)
namaj (dual instrumental personal pronoun)
nami (instrumental personal plural pronoun)
mni (locative personal pronoun singular)
namaj (dual locative personal pronoun)
nas (locative personal plural pronoun)
ty (nominative personal pronoun singular)
wój (dual nominative personal pronoun)
wy (nominative personal plural pronoun)
će (genitive personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) tebje (genitive personal pronoun singular)
waju (dual genitive personal pronoun)
was (genitive personal plural pronoun)
ći (dative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) tebi (dative personal pronoun singular)
wamaj (dative dual personal pronoun)
wam (dative personal plural pronoun)
će (accusative personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) tebje (accusative personal pronoun singular)
waju (accusative dual personal pronoun)
was (accusative personal plural pronoun)
tobu (instrumental personal pronoun singular)
wamaj (dual instrumental personal pronoun)
wami (instrumental personal plural pronoun)
tebi (locative personal pronoun singular)
wamaj (dual locative personal pronoun)
was (locative personal plural pronoun)
wón (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular)
wona (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular)
wono (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular)
wonaj (dual nominative personal pronoun virile)
wonej (dual nominative personal pronoun)
woni (nominative personal plural pronoun)
wone (nominative personal plural pronoun)
jeho (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njeho (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular)
jeje (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njeje (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular)
jeho (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njeho (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular)
jeju (dual genitive personal pronoun virile)
jeju (genitive personal pronoun)
jich (genitive personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nich (genitive personal plural pronoun)
jemu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njemu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular)
jej (dative feminine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njej (dative feminine personal pronoun singular)
jemu (dative neuter personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njemu (dative neuter personal pronoun singular)
jimaj (dative dual personal pronoun virile)
jimaj (dative personal pronoun)
(after preposition) nimaj (dative dual personal pronoun virile)
(after preposition) nimaj (dative personal pronoun)
jim (dative personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nim (dative personal plural pronoun)
jón (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njón (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular)
jeho (accusative animate masculine personal pronoun singular)
njeho (accusative animate masculine personal pronoun singular)
ju (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) nju (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular)
jo (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
je (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
(after preposition) njo (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
nje (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular)
jeju (accusative dual personal pronoun virile)
(after preposition) njeju (accusative dual personal pronoun virile)
jej (accusative dual personal pronoun)
(after preposition) njej (accusative dual personal pronoun)
jich (accusative personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nich (accusative personal plural pronoun)
je (accusative personal plural pronoun)
(after preposition) nje (accusative personal plural pronoun)
nim (instrumental masculine personal pronoun singular)
njej (feminine instrumental personal pronoun singular)
nim (instrumental neuter personal pronoun singular)
nimaj (dual instrumental personal pronoun virile)
nimaj (instrumental personal pronoun)
nimi (instrumental personal plural pronoun)
nim (locative masculine personal pronoun singular)
njej (feminine locative personal pronoun singular)
nim (locative neuter personal pronoun singular)
nimaj (dual locative personal pronoun virile)
nimaj (locative personal pronoun)
nich (locative personal plural pronoun)


same

From Middle English same, from Old Norse samr (“same”) and/or Old English same, sama (“same”) in the phrase swā same (swā) (“in like manner, in the same way (as)”), both from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Doublet of -some.
Cognate with Scots samin (“same, like, together”), Dutch samen (“together”), Danish samme (“same”), Swedish samma (“same”), Norwegian Bokmål samme (“same”), Norwegian Nynorsk same (“same”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (sama), a weak adjectival form, Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”), Old Irish som, Russian са́мый (sámyj), Sanskrit सम (samá), Persian هم (ham, “also, same”), Finnish sama (“same”), Estonian sama (“same”).

The same can be said of him.

It's the same everywhere.

She's having apple pie? I'll have the same. You two are just the same.

Something similar, something of the identical type.

նույնը

something similar, something of the identical type

The question is his credibility or lack of same.

Light valve suspensions and films containing UV absorbers and light valves containing the same (title of US Patent 5,467,217)

Methods of selectively distributing data in a computer network and systems using the same (title of US Patent 7,191,208)

(formal, often law) It or them, without a connotation of similarity.

My picture/photography blog...kindly give me your reviews on the same.

(India, common) It or them, as above, meaning the last object mentioned, mainly as complement: on the same, for the same.


bos

From Latin vos. Cognate to Spanish os and French vous.

you (second-person plural direct pronoun)

(to) you (second-person plural indirect pronoun)


bos

From Portuguese vos. Cognate with Kabuverdianu bo.


bos

From Portuguese vós (“ye”), from Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs (“ye”).

you; thou (second-person singular personal pronoun)


bos

From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).


bos

bos (nominative singular)
boss (nominative plural)
bosa (genitive singular)
bosas (genitive plural)
bose (dative singular)
boses (dative plural)
bosi (accusative singular)
bosis (accusative plural)


hai

[Brazilian] Hai sit dicht am füür.

(also Märkisch, Sauerländisch, Eastern Pomeranian in Brazil) he


hai

From Dutch hij. Cognates include Afrikaans hy.


sik

sig (accusative indefinite singular)
sik (accusative indefinite singular)
sig (accusative definite singular)
sik (accusative definite singular)
sig (accusative indefinite plural)
sik (accusative indefinite plural)
sig (accusative definite plural)
sik (accusative definite plural)
sér (dative indefinite singular)
sér (dative definite singular)
sér (dative indefinite plural)
sér (dative definite plural)
sín (genitive indefinite singular)
sín (definite genitive singular)
sín (genitive indefinite plural)
sín (definite genitive plural)

Þeir hvíldu sik þar.


sik

From Middle Low German sik, sek, borrowed from Middle High German sich and adapted to native mik, mek (“me”), dik, dek (“thee”). See Proto-West Germanic *sik for cognates.

Reflexive pronoun of the third person singular and plural: herself, himself, itself, oneself, themselves


sik

From Proto-Germanic *sek, whence also Old Saxon sik, Old High German sih.

oneself (myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves)


sik

From Old Frisian sik, from Proto-West Germanic *sik. Cognates include German sich and Dutch zich.


sik

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
þū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
miʀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
þiʀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sik (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mīn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
þīn (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sīn (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
wit (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jit (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
unk (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unk (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
inkw (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sik (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
unkar (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
inkwar (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
wiʀ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
jiʀ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
iwwi (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sik (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
unsar (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
iuwar (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sīn (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Old Frisian: sik (likely borrowed)

Saterland Frisian: sik

Old Saxon: sik

Old Dutch: sich, sig (only in Limburgish)

Middle Dutch: sich, sic, sik (spread to other eastern dialects)

q

Dutch: zich (standardized, likely reinforced by German sich)

Afrikaans: sig (rare, obsolete)

Limburgish: zich

desctree

Old High German: sih
Middle High German: sich
Bavarian: si, sich
Cimbrian: zich
Central Franconian: sich, sech
Hunsrik: sich
Luxembourgish: sech
East Central German: sich
Zipser German: ßich
German: sich
Yiddish: זיך (zikh)
→ Middle Dutch: sich
→ Dutch: zich
→ Middle Low German: sik, sek (adapted to native mik, dik)
Low German: sik, sick (variant spelling); sük, sück (East Frisian, northern Emsland); sek, seck (Eastphalian, East Prussian); sich (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)

himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself


kid

kid (nominative singular)
kidet (accusative singular)
kidnek (dative singular)
kiddel (instrumental singular)
kidért (causal-final singular)
kiddé (singular translative)
kidig (singular terminative)
kidként (essive-formal singular)
kidben (inessive singular)
kiden (singular superessive)
kidnél (adessive singular)
kidbe (illative singular)
kidre (singular sublative)
kidhez (allative singular)
kidből (elative singular)
kidről (delative singular)
kidtől (ablative singular)
kidé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
kidéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)

ki (“who”) + -d (“your, of yours”, possessive suffix)

affix

second-person singular single-possession possessive of ki


neve

An innovation stemming from Early Proto-Albanian *nōhōn. Cognate to Proto-Slavic *nasъ (“our”).


som

Kyrgyzstani som
Som (currency)
Uzbekistani sum

U cared to try som of my snax

(Can we date this quote?), Kimberly Kubus (K.Okkerstrøm), Airport Manager


som

From Old Norse som, sem (“as, like”), cognate with Norwegian som, Swedish som. Probably a weakened form of Proto-Germanic *samą, *samô (“same, in the same way”), compare Old High German sama, samo, sam (“so, likewise”).

cog

(relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses)


som

From Old English sum, from Proto-West Germanic *sum, from Proto-Germanic *sumaz.


som

Dette er bilen som eg kjøpte.

Det var den mannen som kom.


som

head

som m (feminine som, neuter somt, plural somme)

som (feminine)
somt (neuter)
somme (plural)

From Old Norse sumr. Akin to English some.

Somt av det er nytt, resten er gamalt.


som

From Old Swedish som or sum, in Runic inscriptions also sim, same as Icelandic sem, from Old Norse sem, from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”), also related to the prefix sam- (“co-, common, together”) and suffix -sam (“-some, -like”). Still in the Poetic Edda, the Icelandic sem is only used as a comparative particle, e.g. Hávamál 23 allt er víl sem var (And his woe is just as it was). With time it has displaced other relative conjunctions (es, er). Its use as a pronoun is of a later date.

Det var hon som gjorde det.

Det där är stenen som kraschade rutan.

Du är inte lika lång som jag är.

Du är inte lika lång som jag.


más

más (nominative singular)
mások (nominative plural)
mást (accusative singular)
másokat (accusative plural)
másnak (dative singular)
másoknak (dative plural)
mással (instrumental singular)
másokkal (instrumental plural)
másért (causal-final singular)
másokért (causal-final plural)
mássá (singular translative)
másokká (plural translative)
másig (singular terminative)
másokig (plural terminative)
másként (essive-formal singular)
másokként (essive-formal plural)
másban (inessive singular)
másokban (inessive plural)
máson (singular superessive)
másokon (plural superessive)
másnál (adessive singular)
másoknál (adessive plural)
másba (illative singular)
másokba (illative plural)
másra (singular sublative)
másokra (plural sublative)
máshoz (allative singular)
másokhoz (allative plural)
másból (elative singular)
másokból (elative plural)
másról (delative singular)
másokról (delative plural)
mástól (ablative singular)
másoktól (ablative plural)
másé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
másoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
máséi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
másokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
másom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
másaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
másod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
másaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
mása (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
másai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
másunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
másaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
másotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
másaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
másuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
másaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *mu. Cognates include Northern Mansi мо̄т (mōt, “other, second, foreign”) and Finnish muu.

cog

someone else, something else (another person or thing)

mindenki más

minden más

senki más

semmi más

valaki más

valami más

akárki/bárki más

mi más?

(following another pronoun referring to people or things) else


nos

From Latin nos. Akin to Spanish nos and French nous.

First-person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us

The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds

In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en

nusotros

The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms

mos. Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.

el. The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no.

els. These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no.


nos

us (dative and accusative of nosotros/nós)


nos

head

nos (enclitic, contracted 'ns, proclitic ens)

'ns (contracted)
ens (proclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

Inherited from the unstressed accusative of Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.


nos

Inherited from the stressed nominative of Latin nōs (“we; us”); see Etymology 1. Replaced in normal usage by nosaltres. For the development of a distinction between stressed and unstressed forms of what was originally a single word, compare Portuguese nós and nos. See also the parallel development in Spanish of nosotros.

(royal, majestic) we (the so-called royal we, used by a king or queen to refer to themselves in the first person)


nos

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).

I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?

And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

First person plural nominative pronoun; we

Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista

We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.

(Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us


nos

Inherited from Latin nōs (nominative or accusative).

inh+

we, us (first-person plural nominative, accusative, dative, or tonic)


nos

Alternative form of os (“them”, masculine plural)


nos

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


nos

From Portuguese nós. Cognate with Kabuverdianu anos.


nos

Aromanian: noi, noauã, nauã, nau

Asturian: nós, nosotros, ñós, ñosotros

Catalan: nós, nosaltres

Dalmatian: nu, noi, nojiltri

Franco-Provençal: nos

Old French: nos, nous

Middle French: nous

French: nous, nous autres

Friulian: nô, noaltris

Galician: nós, nosoutros

Istriot: nui

Italian: noi, noialtri

Occitan: nos, nosautres

Portuguese: nós

Romanian: noi, nouă

Romansch: nus, nous

Sardinian: nois, noso, nosu, nos

Sicilian: nui, nuàutri

Old Spanish: nos

Spanish: nos, nosotros

Venetian: noi, nu, noaltri, noantri

Walloon: nos

From Proto-Italic *nōs, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé.

nominative/accusative plural of ego: we, us


nos

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin nōs.

to us (first-person plural indirect object pronoun)

ourselves (first-person plural reflexive pronoun)


nos

Middle French: nous

French: nous

we (first-person plural subject pronoun)

our (masculine and feminine plural possessive pronoun)


nos

Spanish: nos (archaic or dialectal)

Spanish: nosotros

From Latin nōs, in the nominative case, and accusative nōs stressed.

a grãd ondr̃a vernan

They [the Cid's wife and daughters] will come in great honour
to these foreign lands, which we had won

Aeſtas t͠rras eſtranas q̃ nos pudiemos ganar


nos

Spanish: nos

From Latin nōs, in the accusative case unstressed, and dative nōbīs.

Qͣndo dios p̃ſtar nos qͥere nos biẽ gelo gradeſcamos
(normalized) Quando Dios prestarnos quiere, nos bien ge lo gradescamos

When God wants to help us, we should thank Him well for it


nos

From Portuguese nós and Kabuverdianu anos.


nos

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

He would tell us the name of the individual.

Ele dir-nos-ia o nome do indivíduo. (Portugal)

Ele nos diria o nome do indivíduo. (Brazil)


nos

Tirem-nos daqui agora!

Alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong


nos

From Latin nōs, from Proto-Italic *nōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we”).


nos

Inherited from Old Spanish nos, from accusative Latin nōs and dative Latin nōbīs, from Proto-Italic *nōs.

A eso de las cuatro de la mañana todos nos dijimos buenas noches.

1998, Roberto Bolaño, Los detectives salvajes, page 262

Around four in the morning, we all told each other good night.

(reflexive) reflexive of nosotros: ourselves; each other

(archaic, formal) first person; I (singular; compare vos)


akin

From Proto-Austronesian *akən (“1sg oblique”).


کچھ

From, undergoing metathesis, Old Hindi कछु (kachu), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 (kiṃci), from Sanskrit किंचिद् (kiṃcid), neuter singular of कश्चिद् (kaścid, “someone”) (whence کوئی (koī, “anyone”)).
The -ch- reflects -śc- in Sanskrit कश्चिद् (kaścid).


da

From Proto-Celtic *towe (“your, thy”); compare Cornish dha, Welsh dy, Irish do. See te (“you”).


da

to him/it


da

iau (exclusive first-person personal pronoun singular)
amir (dual exclusive first-person personal pronoun)
mir (dual exclusive first-person personal pronoun)
amital (exclusive first-person paucal personal pronoun)
mital (exclusive first-person paucal personal pronoun)
avet (exclusive first-person personal plural pronoun)
ave (exclusive first-person personal plural pronoun)
dor (dual first-person inclusive personal pronoun)
datal (first-person inclusive paucal personal pronoun)
dat (first-person inclusive personal plural pronoun)
da (first-person inclusive personal plural pronoun)
u (personal pronoun second-person singular)
amur (dual personal pronoun second-person)
mur (dual personal pronoun second-person)
amutal (paucal personal pronoun second-person)
mutal (paucal personal pronoun second-person)
avat (personal plural pronoun second-person)
ava (personal plural pronoun second-person)
ia (personal pronoun singular third-person)
i (personal pronoun singular third-person)
dir (dual personal pronoun third-person)
di (dual personal pronoun third-person)
dital (paucal personal pronoun third-person)
diat (personal plural pronoun third-person)
dia (personal plural pronoun third-person)

First-person inclusive plural pronoun: you (many) and I, you (many) and me


ken

From Proto-Finnic *ken, from Proto-Uralic *ke. Cognate with Ter Sami kie, Erzya ки (ki), кие (kije), Udmurt кин (kin) and Hungarian ki.

(interrogative, dated) who; (when followed by a modifier in the elative case) which one (of)


ken

ken (nominative singular)
ket (nominative plural)
kenen (genitive)
ketä (partitive)
kehe (illative)
kes (inessive)
kest (elative)
kelle (allative)
kel (adessive)
kelt (ablative)
keks (translative)
kenennä (essive)

From Proto-Finnic *ken. Cognates include Finnish ken and Estonian kes.


ken

ken (nominative singular)
ket (nominative plural)
kenen (genitive singular)
kenen (genitive plural)
ketä (partitive singular)
ketä (partitive plural)
keneh (illative singular)
keneh (illative plural)
keššä (inessive singular)
keššä (inessive plural)
keštä (elative singular)
keštä (elative plural)
kellä (adessive singular)
kellä (adessive plural)
keltä (ablative singular)
keltä (ablative plural)
kekši (singular translative)
kekši (plural translative)
kenenä (essive singular)
kenenä (essive plural)
keneneh (comitative plural)
kettä (abessive singular)
kettä (abessive plural)
ken (nominative singular)
ket (nominative plural)
kenen (genitive singular)
kenen (genitive plural)
kedä (partitive singular)
ketä (partitive plural)
keneh (illative singular)
keneh (illative plural)
keššä (inessive singular)
keššä (inessive plural)
keštä (elative singular)
keštä (elative plural)
kellä (adessive singular)
kellä (adessive plural)
keldä (ablative singular)
keldä (ablative plural)
kekši (singular translative)
kekši (plural translative)
kenenä (essive singular)
kenenä (essive plural)
kenenke (comitative singular)
kenenke (comitative plural)
kettä (abessive singular)
kettä (abessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *ken. Cognates include Finnish ken and Veps ken.


ken

lad-pron

ken (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling קיין)

Dime kon ken andas, te dire ken sos.

Tell me who you go with, I'll tell you who you are.


ken

From Proto-Finnic *ken, from Proto-Uralic *ke. Cognates include Karelian ken and Ingrian ken.

Ken hyö ollah?


ken

From Portuguese quem and Spanish quien and Kabuverdianu ken.


ken

kenen (genitive)
keda (partitive)
ken (nominative singular)
kenen (accusative singular)
kenen (genitive singular)
keda (partitive singular)
kenen (essive-instructive singular)
keneks (singular translative)
kes (inessive singular)
kenes (inessive singular)
kespäi (elative singular)
kenespäi (elative singular)
kehe (illative singular)
kenehe (illative singular)
kel (adessive singular)
kenel (adessive singular)
kelpäi (ablative singular)
kenelpäi (ablative singular)
kelle (allative singular)
kenele (allative singular)
keneta (abessive singular)
kenenke (comitative singular)
kedame (prolative singular)
kenenno (approximative approximative-i singular)
kenennoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
kenennopäi (egressive singular)
kehesai (singular terminative terminative-i)
kenehesai (singular terminative terminative-i)
kellesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
kenelesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
kehepäi (additive additive-i singular)
kenehepäi (additive additive-i singular)
kellepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
kenelepäi (additive additive-ii singular)


ken

Estonian: kes (from *ken se)

Finnish: ken (dated or poetic in nominative)

Ingrian: ken

Karelian:

North Karelian: ken

South Karelian: ken

Livvi: ken

Veps: ken

Võro: kiä

Votic: tšen


jam

Es jam atsaceju par reizi.

Jam daguoja laistīs paceli nu sātys.

Vys jam nazkas natai.

He's never satisfied. (literally, “It's never good enough for him.”)


jam

2007, Jurga (Jurga Šeduikytė), Angelai
Jo balti sparnai man tinka
Jam savo šarvus dovanoju
His white wings suit me


jam

From Old Frisian jī. Cognate with West Frisian jimme.


jam

(informal, sometimes proscribed) Combined form of ja + -m


od

od (nominative singular)
ods (nominative plural)
oda (genitive singular)
odas (genitive plural)
ode (dative singular)
odes (dative plural)
odi (accusative singular)
odis (accusative plural)


yeh

(dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of you.