er

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
-e (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ihr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun)
Ihr (nominative personal pronoun)
meiner (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
mein (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
deiner (genitive personal pronoun singular)
dein (genitive personal pronoun singular)
seiner (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihrer (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
seiner (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
unser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
ihrer (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihrer (genitive personal pronoun)
Euer (genitive personal pronoun)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (dative personal plural pronoun)
ihnen (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihnen (dative personal pronoun)
Euch (dative personal pronoun)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun)
Euch (accusative personal pronoun)

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ, from Proto-Germanic *iz. In northern Middle High German and Old High German there also existed forms with initial h-, namely Middle High German her, Old High German her, from Proto-Germanic *hiz, whence Central Franconian hä and (from the accusative) Luxembourgish hien. Compare English he. The unusual spelling ih- in the forms ihm, ihn is not related to this. It was introduced in early modern German to distinguish these forms from im, in (when *iem, *ien could have been read as *jem, *jen).

Wo ist Klaus? Wo ist er?

Dies ist mein Hund. Er heißt Waldi.

Dort steht ein Baum. Er ist über hundert Jahre alt.

There stands a tree. It is more than 100 years old.

(personal) it (when the grammatical gender of the object/article/thing/animal etc., being referred to, is masculine (der)).

Im Frauengefängnis versuchte ein Häftling zu flüchten, aber er kam nicht weit.

In the women’s prison, an inmate tried to escape, but she didn’t get very far.

(personal) she (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a female person, is masculine (der)).

, Clemens Brentano, Geschichte vom braven Kasperl und dem schönen Annerl (edited). In: 1835, F. W. Gubitz (editor), Jahrbuch des Nützlichen und Unterhaltenden für 1835, p. 171

Then the old woman sprang up, surprised, and said: Dear gentleman, do go home and say your prayers and go to bed.

Da fuhr die Alte überraſcht auf und ſprach: Lieber Herr, gehe er doch nach Haus und bete er fein und lege er ſich ſchlafen.

Da sprach er „Vater, ich sehe wohl, bei ihm werd ich nicht satt, will er mir einen Stab von Eisen verschaffen, der stark ist, und den ich vor meinen Knien nicht zerbrechen kann, so will ich wieder fort gehen.“ Da war der Bauer froh, und spannte seine zwei Pferde vor den Wagen, fuhr zum Schmied, und holte einen Stab so groß und dick, als ihn die zwei Pferde nur fahren konnten.

1837, Brothers Grimm, “Der junge Riese”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 2), page 27

Then he said: "Father, I can see that I shall not be able to eat my fill here. If you bring me a strong rod of iron that I cannot break, I shall go away again." Then the farmer was glad, and he harnessed his horses to the wagon, drove to the smithy, and fetched a rod so long and thick that his two horses could barely pull it.

(personal, archaic) Alternative spelling of Er (you (polite))


er

ich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
eich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
-ich (enclitic first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
m'r (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
du (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
Dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
-du (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-de (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-Dau (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-De (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
Deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deer (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
d'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
D'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
er (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
där (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-er (enclitic masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sie (feminine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-se (enclitic feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ihns (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
eer (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ehr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
es (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
't (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
's (enclitic neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
-et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
-'t (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
meer (first-person nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
mer (enclitic first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
uns (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
uhs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
deer (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Ehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Dehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
eich (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
Auch (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
sie (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-se (enclitic nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
denne (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person unstressed)

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Displaced the northern Old High German forms with h-, e.g. hē, her (see he).


er

Old Norse er, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”), from Proto-Indo-European *ís (“he, that”).

Maður er sá, er Jón heitir.

Konan, er hann var að tala við.

Þetta er borgin, er hann kom frá.

This is the city from which he originated.

Bærinn, er hún ætlar til.

Það er sú bók, er menn þekkja eigi höfund hennar.

There is a book whose author people don't know.

demonstrative pronoun
demonstrative pronoun

(archaic) in relations with a demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these) or personal pronoun (I, we, they), which represents the genitive of a relative pronoun.


er

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
# ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸor (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognates include Irish ar and Scottish Gaelic air.

on him/it


er

Alternative form of hire (“her”, object)


er

ër (canonical)
ich (first-person nominative singular)
mîn (first-person genitive singular)
mir (dative first-person singular)
mich (accusative first-person singular)
du (nominative second-person singular)
dû (nominative second-person singular)
dîn (genitive second-person singular)
dir (dative second-person singular)
dich (accusative second-person singular)
ër (masculine nominative singular third-person)
sîn (genitive masculine singular third-person)
im (dative masculine singular third-person)
ime (dative masculine singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine singular third-person)
siu (sî, si) (feminine nominative singular third-person)
ir (feminine genitive singular third-person)
ire (feminine genitive singular third-person)
ir (dative feminine singular third-person)
ire (dative feminine singular third-person)
sie (sî, si) (accusative feminine singular third-person)
ëȥ (neuter nominative singular third-person)
es (genitive neuter singular third-person)
im (dative neuter singular third-person)
ime (dative neuter singular third-person)
ëȥ (accusative neuter singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative plural)
unser (first-person genitive plural)
uns (dative first-person plural)
unsich (accusative first-person plural)
uns (accusative first-person plural)
ir (nominative plural second-person)
iuwer (genitive plural second-person)
iu (dative plural second-person)
iuch (accusative plural second-person)
sie (sî, si) (masculine nominative plural third-person)
ir (genitive masculine plural third-person)
ire (genitive masculine plural third-person)
in (dative masculine plural third-person)
sie (sî, si) (accusative masculine plural third-person)
sie (sî, si) (feminine nominative plural third-person)
ir (feminine genitive plural third-person)
ire (feminine genitive plural third-person)
in (dative feminine plural third-person)
sie (sî, si) (accusative feminine plural third-person)
siu (neuter nominative plural third-person)
sî, si (neuter nominative plural third-person)
ir (genitive neuter plural third-person)
ire (genitive neuter plural third-person)
in (dative neuter plural third-person)
siu (sî, si) (accusative neuter plural third-person)

Alemannic German:

Low Alemannic:

Alsatian: ar, er, ër

Badisch: er

High Alemannic: er, är

Bernese: är

Lucerne: aer

Northeastern: ar

Walser: är

Swabian: er, ear

Swabian Jura: ear

Bavarian: er

Cimbrian: èar, er, ar

Mòcheno: er

Central Franconian:

Moselle Franconian: er

East Central German:

High Prussian: er

Silesian East Central German:

Lower Silesian East Central German: a

Upper Silesian East Central German: a

North Moravian: ar

Thuringian: er

Central Thuringian: er

West Thuringian: aa

Upper Saxon German: är

Meißnisch: är

Osterländisch: är

Erzgebirgisch: aorr

Lusatian: ar

German: er

Berlinerisch: er/ea

East Franconian: er, ea

Unterfränkisch: ar

Hohenlohisch: er

Rhine Franconian:

Upper Hessian: er

Lorraine Franconian: ér, éa

Palatine German: er

Yiddish: ער (er)

Inherited from Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”).


er

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
ir (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (personal pronoun singular third-person)
sei (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.


er

ih (first-person nominative singular)
ihha, ihcha (first-person nominative singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
mir (dative first-person singular)
mih (accusative first-person singular)
dū (nominative second-person singular)
dīn (genitive second-person singular)
dir (dative second-person singular)
dih (accusative second-person singular)
er (masculine nominative singular third-person)
her (masculine nominative singular third-person)
sīn (genitive masculine singular third-person)
imu (dative masculine singular third-person)
imo (dative masculine singular third-person)
inan (accusative masculine singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative singular third-person)
sī (feminine nominative singular third-person)
si (feminine nominative singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive singular third-person)
iru (feminine genitive singular third-person)
iro (feminine genitive singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine singular third-person)
iro (dative feminine singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine singular third-person)
iz (neuter nominative singular third-person)
es (genitive neuter singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter singular third-person)
imu (dative neuter singular third-person)
imo (dative neuter singular third-person)
iz (accusative neuter singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative plural)
unsēr (first-person genitive plural)
uns (dative first-person plural)
unsih (accusative first-person plural)
ir (nominative plural second-person)
iuwēr (genitive plural second-person)
iu (dative plural second-person)
iuwih (accusative plural second-person)
sie (masculine nominative plural third-person)
iro (genitive masculine plural third-person)
im (dative masculine plural third-person)
in (dative masculine plural third-person)
sie (accusative masculine plural third-person)
sio (feminine nominative plural third-person)
iro (feminine genitive plural third-person)
im (dative feminine plural third-person)
in (dative feminine plural third-person)
sio (accusative feminine plural third-person)
siu (neuter nominative plural third-person)
iro (genitive neuter plural third-person)
im (dative neuter plural third-person)
in (dative neuter plural third-person)
siu (accusative neuter plural third-person)
ir (nominative second-person)
iuwēr (genitive second-person)
iu (dative second-person)
iuwih (accusative second-person)

Middle High German: ër (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”), akin to Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is, “he”), Latin is (“he”).

[…] Are you prophet? and he responded no […]

c. 825, Tatian, Diatessaron, translation, Chapter 13, verse 20. […] Bist thu wīzago? inti her antlingota nein […]


er

From earlier es, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).

verse 76 of the Hávamál (1996 translation by Carolyne Larrington)

but the glory of reputation never dies, / for the man who can get himself a good one

en orðstírr / deyr aldregi / hveim er sér góðan getr


er

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
de (nominative personal pronoun singular)
dihr (nominative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
dihr (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
eich (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ihne (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ne (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihre (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ihne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
eich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)


er

From Old Frisian -er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ. Cognates include West Frisian er and German er.


er

head

er c (neuter possessive only ert, plural era)

ert (neuter possessive)
era (plural)
jag (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mig (first-person oblique personal pronoun singular)
mej (colloquial first-person oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling singular)
min (first-person personal possessed-common possessive pronoun singular)
mitt (first-person personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular)
mina (first-person personal possessed-many possessive pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dig (oblique personal pronoun second-person singular)
dej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling second-person singular)
din (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ditt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person singular)
dina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person singular)
han (masculine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
honom (masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
han (informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (dialectal informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hans (masculine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
henne (feminine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hennes (feminine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
henom (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
hens (gender-neutral neologism personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (common-gender personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (neuter personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
man (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
ens (indefinite personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sig (oblique personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive singular third-person)
sin (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sitt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
vi (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
oss (first-person oblique personal plural pronoun)
vår (first-person personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
våran (first-person informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
vårt (first-person personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
vårat (first-person informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
våra (first-person personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun)
ni (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eran (informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
ers (formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
ert (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
erat (informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
era (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
I (archaic nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eders (archaic formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
edert (archaic personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
edra (archaic personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
de (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial nominative personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
dem (oblique personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
deras (personal plural possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun third-person)
sig (oblique personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive third-person)
sin (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sitt (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sina (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)

Contraction of earlier eder, from Old Swedish iþer, idher, from Old Norse iðʀ, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

(possessive) your, yours; (speaking to more than one person, about one object)

Skulle ni vilja lära er jonglera?

Would you guys like to learn how to juggle?

(reflexive) reflexive of ni; compare yourselves


er

clitic form of hy used before the object or after the verb.


eat

From Old Frisian āwet, āet, from ā (“always, ever”) + *wiht (“thing, creature”) (from Proto-West Germanic *wihti). Compare English owt, aught.


what

wot (all only in British, Australian, New Zealand, New York City accents with the wine–whine merger)

From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).

什哩

siit⁶ 'li⁴, xit⁶ 'li⁴, siit⁶ li, xit⁶ li

啥货

siáⁿ-hòe, siáⁿ-hè, sáⁿ-hòe, sáⁿ-hè, sáⁿ-hèr

What is your name?

Ask them what they want.

The gym is across from … what? — The gym is across from the lounge. — Across from the lounge. Right. Thanks!
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(interrogative) Which thing, event, circumstance, etc.: used in asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc.

He knows what he wants.

What is amazing is his boundless energy.

And, what's even worse, I have to work on Sunday too.

(fused relative) That which; those that; the thing(s) that.

مَا

fused relative pronoun: that which; those that; the thing(s) that

I will do what I can to help you.

What is mine is yours.

(fused relative) Anything that; all that; whatever.

'Ere! There's that bloke what I saw earlier!

That’s her; that’s the thing what has stole his heart from me.

1902, J. M. Barrie, The Admirable Crichton

For, it is a name what strikes fear in the heart of anyone what hears it.

(relative, nonstandard) That; which; who.


what

English: what

desc

Scots: what, whate, whit, whut, wha', quhat, quat, fat, faht, phat, fit, fut, fout, at

Yola: faade, fhaade, faad, fade, f'ad

From Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód.


what

From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat. Cognates include English what and Yola faade.


tout

Inherited from Middle French tout, from Old French tot, from Vulgar Latin tōttus, alteration (likely via expressive gemination) of Latin tōtus. Compare Catalan tot, Italian tutto, Portuguese todo, Romanian tot, Spanish todo.


fit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


self

Southern US, African-American Vernacular, dated

From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.

This argument was put forward by the defendant self.

Now that I put on my glasses I could see that the hut was empty but for our two selves; that it must have been absolutely empty till we entered.

1898 July 18, The Leader, Melbourne, page 34, column 1

(obsolete) Himself, herself, itself, themselves; that specific (person mentioned).

I made out a cheque, payable to self, which cheered me up somewhat.


self

English: self (obsolete in most pronominal senses)

Scots: self, sel

Yola: zil, zill

Inherited from Old English self, from Proto-West Germanic *selb, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz.

themself, themselves; a reflexive pronoun


self

Middle English: self, silf, sulf

English: self

Scots: self

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Sē wer meahte unēaðe þurh hine selfne ārīsan oþþe gān.

The man could barely get up or walk by himself.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of St. Augustine's Soliloquies
Nāt iċ nā þȳ hwā Rōme burg timbrede þe iċ hit self ġesāwe, ac for þȳ þe hit man mē sæġde.

I don't know who built the city of Rome because I saw it myself, but because somebody told me.


self

self (masculine nominative singular)
selfo (masculine nominative singular)
selfa (masculine nominative singular)
selfa (neuter nominative singular)
self (feminine nominative singular)
selfon (nominative plural)
selfon (accusative masculine singular)
selfan (accusative masculine singular)
self (accusative neuter singular)
selfa (accusative neuter singular)
selfun (accusative feminine singular)
selfon (accusative plural)
selfun (accusative plural)
selfes (genitive masculine singular)
selfas (genitive masculine singular)
selfas (genitive neuter singular)
selfes (genitive neuter singular)
selfaru (feminine genitive singular)
selfaro (feminine genitive singular)
selfaro (genitive plural)
selfomo (dative masculine singular)
selfumu (dative masculine singular)
selfem (dative masculine singular)
selfon (dative neuter singular)
selfun (dative feminine singular)
selfon (dative feminine singular)
selfon (dative plural)

Low German: sulv


bat

bat (absolutive indefinite pronoun)
bata (absolutive indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuk (absolutive indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitz (absolutive indefinite pronoun)
bakoitza (absolutive pronoun singular)
batek (ergative indefinite pronoun)
batak (ergative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuek (ergative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzek (ergative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzak (ergative pronoun singular)
bati (dative indefinite pronoun)
batari (dative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuei (dative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzi (dative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzari (dative pronoun singular)
baten (genitive indefinite pronoun)
bataren (genitive indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuen (genitive indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzen (genitive indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzaren (genitive pronoun singular)
batekin (comitative indefinite pronoun)
batarekin (comitative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuekin (comitative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzekin (comitative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarekin (comitative pronoun singular)
batengatik (causative indefinite pronoun)
bategatik (causative indefinite pronoun)
batarengatik (causative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuengatik (causative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzengatik (causative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarengatik (causative pronoun singular)
batentzat (benefactive indefinite pronoun)
batarentzat (benefactive indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuentzat (benefactive indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzentzat (benefactive indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarentzat (benefactive pronoun singular)
batez (indefinite instrumental pronoun)
bataz (indefinite instrumental pronoun singular)
batzuez (indefinite instrumental plural pronoun)
bakoitzez (indefinite instrumental pronoun)
bakoitzaz (instrumental pronoun singular)
batengan (animate indefinite inessive pronoun)
batarengan (animate indefinite inessive pronoun singular)
batzuengan (animate indefinite inessive plural pronoun)
bakoitzengan (animate indefinite inessive pronoun)
bakoitzarengan (animate inessive pronoun singular)
batean (inanimate indefinite inessive pronoun)
baten (inanimate indefinite inessive pronoun)
batean (inanimate indefinite inessive pronoun singular)
batzuetan (inanimate indefinite inessive plural pronoun)
bakoitzean (inanimate indefinite inessive pronoun)
bakoitzean (inanimate inessive pronoun singular)
bateko (indefinite locative pronoun)
bateko (indefinite locative pronoun singular)
batzuetako (indefinite locative plural pronoun)
bakoitzeko (indefinite locative pronoun)
bakoitzeko (locative pronoun singular)
batengana (allative animate indefinite pronoun)
batarengana (allative animate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuengana (allative animate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzengana (allative animate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarengana (allative animate pronoun singular)
batera (allative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
batera (allative inanimate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuetara (allative inanimate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzera (allative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzera (allative inanimate pronoun singular)
batenganaino (animate indefinite pronoun terminative)
batarenganaino (animate indefinite pronoun singular terminative)
batzuenganaino (animate indefinite plural pronoun terminative)
bakoitzenganaino (animate indefinite pronoun terminative)
bakoitzarenganaino (animate pronoun singular terminative)
bateraino (inanimate indefinite pronoun terminative)
bateraino (inanimate indefinite pronoun singular terminative)
batzuetaraino (inanimate indefinite plural pronoun terminative)
bakoitzeraino (inanimate indefinite pronoun terminative)
bakoitzeraino (inanimate pronoun singular terminative)
batenganantz (animate directive indefinite pronoun)
batarenganantz (animate directive indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuenganantz (animate directive indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzenganantz (animate directive indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarenganantz (animate directive pronoun singular)
baterantz (directive inanimate indefinite pronoun)
baterantz (directive inanimate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuetarantz (directive inanimate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzerantz (directive inanimate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzerantz (directive inanimate pronoun singular)
batenganako (animate destinative indefinite pronoun)
batarenganako (animate destinative indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuenganako (animate destinative indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzenganako (animate destinative indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarenganako (animate destinative pronoun singular)
baterako (destinative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
baterako (destinative inanimate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuetarako (destinative inanimate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzerako (destinative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzerako (destinative inanimate pronoun singular)
batengandik (ablative animate indefinite pronoun)
batarengandik (ablative animate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuengandik (ablative animate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzengandik (ablative animate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzarengandik (ablative animate pronoun singular)
batetik (ablative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
batetik (ablative inanimate indefinite pronoun singular)
batzuetatik (ablative inanimate indefinite plural pronoun)
bakoitzetik (ablative inanimate indefinite pronoun)
bakoitzetik (ablative inanimate pronoun singular)

From a reduced form of Proto-Basque *bade (“one, some”), present also in bederatzi (“nine”) and bedera (“same; everyone”). Compared by Eduardo Orduña and Joan Ferrer to Iberian ban (“one”).


hang

(dialectal) (object pronoun) The people spoken, or written to, as an object.

(dialectal) (subject pronoun) The people spoken to or written to, as a subject.


me

head

me (first-person singular pronoun, referring to the speaker)

en-pron

Bislama: mi

Jamaican Creole: mi

Nigerian Pidgin: mi

Pijin: mi

Sranan Tongo: mi

Ancient Greek language
Dutch language
German language
Icelandic language
Low German language
Me
Middle English language
North Frisian language
Sanskrit language
Saterland Frisian language
Scots language

From Middle English me, from Old English mē (“me”, originally dative, but later also accusative), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁me- (“me”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots me (“me”), North Frisian me (“me”), Saterland Frisian mie (“me”), Dutch me, mij (“me”), Low German mi (“me”), German mir (“me”, dative), Icelandic mér (“me”, dative), Latin mē (“me”), Ancient Greek μέ (mé), ἐμέ (emé, “me”), Sanskrit मा (mā, “me”).

inh

Can you hear me?

He gave me this.

The first-person singular, as the object (of a verb, preposition, etc).

As the object (direct or indirect) of a verb.

And I awoke, and found me here.

1819, John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci

(archaic, proscribed) Myself; as a reflexive direct object of a verb.

men

only when no other indication of being the object is given

When I get to college, I'm gonna get me a white Nissan Sentra.

(colloquial, proscribed) Myself; as a reflexive indirect object of a verb; the ethical dative.

minä

depending on the case, one of the inflictions of this word

Come with me.

minä

depending on the case, one of the inflections of this word

It wasn't me.

It's either me or Jeremy Corbyn.

2017, Theresa May, “Andrew Neil interviews Theresa May: full transcript”, in The Spectator, archived from the original on 2017-05-22

(sometimes proscribed) As the complement of the copula (be).

Who's there? —Me.

Who did this? —Me. I did it. (≈ It was me. I did it.)

Used for the pronoun in isolation or in apposition.

Me and my friends played a game.

[It was] literally all me and my astrophysicist colleagues could talk about.

Stella and me have opted to take a course called 'Autobiography and Fiction'.

(nonstandard or proscribed) I, the first-person singular, as the subject.

(informal, with a conjunction, often proscribed) As the subject of a verb.

One of them, whose sobriquet was Big-headed Blackboy, was stretched out before the fire, and no answer could be obtained from him, but a drawling repetition, in grunts of displeasure, of "Bel (not) me want to go.

1844, Charles Wilkes, Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition, volume II

Well he said me mustn’t eat ’nanas cause ’nanas would make me sick.

1899 July 20, Mrs. A[lexander] J[effrey] McKelway [i.e., Lavinia Rutherford McKelway], “Children’s Department”, in A[lexander] J[effrey] McKelway, editor, Presbyterian Standard, volume XLI, number 28, Charlotte, N.C.: The Presbyterian Publishing Company, page 14, column 1

Whoa! That was about the coolest thing ever! Me gotta see that again.

2005 October 10, Michael Chapman; Matthew Chapman, “Teen Girl Squad Issue #10”, in Homestar Runner, spoken by Strong Bad (Matthew Chapman)

(nonstandard, not with a conjunction) As the subject of a verb. Sometimes used to indicate or imitate limited English fluency.

“I should stick to Tarzan,” he [Johnny Weissmuller] explains. “You see, I’m no actor. Well, I didn’t have to act in ‘Tarzan, the Ape Man’—just said, ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane.’ I'll never be able to act.”
The words do not occur in the film itself, nor in the original book by Burroughs. Instead, Tarzan says “Tarzan” and “Jane” repeatedly.

1932 June, Katherine Albert, “Hey! Hey! Here Comes Johnny”, in James R. Quirk, editor, Photoplay, volume XLII, number 1, Chicago, Ill.: Photoplay Publishing Company, page 119, column 2

May opened the door, and a huge Indian walked into the room. “Me Bear Tracks,” he said. “Me hungry.”

1954 February 3, Mrs. John F. Underhill, “The Last Leaf; Chapter Three: Bear Tracks”, in Lawrence Maxwell, editor, Junior Guide, volume 2, number 5, Washington, D.C., page 7, column 2

(nonstandard, in apposition) Would be the subject of a copula in standard English, though the copula is omitted; used to indicate or imitate limited English fluency.


me

Mete Twi kasa.


me

From Latin me. Akin to Spanish me and French me.

First-person singular dative, accusative and prepositional pronoun; me

French language
Latin language
Spanish language

The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds

In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en

nusotros

The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms

mos. Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.

el. The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no.

els. These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no.


me

From Latin mē, accusative singular of ego. As an indirect pronoun, possibly in part from Latin mihi (dative singular of ego), through a Vulgar Latin *mi.

me (first-person singular direct pronoun)

me (first-person singular indirect pronoun)


me

From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī, from Proto-Indo-European *me (“me”). Cognate to Welsh mi.


me

head

me (enclitic, contracted 'm, proclitic em, contracted proclitic m')

'm (contracted)
em (proclitic)
m' (contracted proclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

Inherited from Latin mē (accusative of ego).


me

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)


me

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


me

me (genitive)
meid (partitive)
mina (long-form nominative singular)
ma (nominative short-form singular)
meie (long-form nominative plural)
me (nominative plural short-form)
minu (genitive long-form singular)
mu (genitive short-form singular)
meie (genitive long-form plural)
me (genitive plural short-form)
mind (long-form partitive short-form singular)
meid (long-form partitive plural short-form)
minusse (illative long-form singular)
musse (illative short-form singular)
meisse (illative plural short-form)
minus (inessive long-form singular)
mus (inessive short-form singular)
meis (inessive plural short-form)
minust (elative long-form singular)
must (elative short-form singular)
meist (elative plural short-form)
minule (allative long-form singular)
mulle (allative short-form singular)
meile (allative plural short-form)
minul (adessive long-form singular)
mul (adessive short-form singular)
meil (adessive plural short-form)
minult (ablative long-form singular)
mult (ablative short-form singular)
meilt (ablative plural short-form)
minuks (long-form singular translative)
meieks (long-form plural translative)
meiks (plural short-form translative)
minuni (long-form singular terminative)
meieni (long-form plural terminative)
minuna (essive long-form singular)
meiena (essive long-form plural)
minuta (abessive long-form singular)
meieta (abessive long-form plural)
minuga (comitative long-form singular)
muga (comitative short-form singular)
meiega (comitative long-form plural)

Short form of meie, from Proto-Finnic *mek.


me

From Old Galician-Portuguese me, from Latin mē.

First person singular dative and accusative pronoun; me

Latin language
Old Galician-Portuguese language


me

minä (nominative singular)
me (nominative plural)
minun (genitive singular)
meidän (genitive plural)
minua (partitive singular)
meitä (partitive plural)
minut (accusative singular)
meidät (accusative plural)
minussa (inessive singular)
meissä (inessive plural)
minulle (allative singular)
meille (allative plural)
minuna (essive singular)
meinä (essive plural)
minuksi (singular translative)
meiksi (plural translative)
minutta (abessive singular)
meittä (abessive plural)

Kven: met

From Proto-Finnic *mek, from Proto-Uralic *me. The word is inflected as plural, but there is no plural marker in the nominative, except in dialects (met).

Me emme unohda.

Näin meidän kesken...

Mennäänkö meille?


me

Middle French language
Old French language

From Middle French me, from Old French me, from Latin mē (accusative of ego), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁me- (“me”). Northern dialects have preserved a form mi for the indirect object (also found in Old French in the Oaths of Strasbourg), from Latin mihi, dative singular of ego, through a Vulgar Latin *mi, whereas in standard French, it has merged into me.

3 Also used when a group has both men and women

4 Also used as third person plural reflexive

Est-ce que tu me vois ?

Émilien me donne un peu d’argent. ― Émilien gave some money to me.


me

English language
French language
Ido language
Italian language
Spanish language

From English me, French me, Italian me, Spanish me, from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”).

Me es tre felica.

Ka vu parolas a me?

The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered


me

From Latin mē, accusative singular of ego.

Ti me pari oûna dea infra li dai,

1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40

You seem to me a goddess among the gods,


me

(Lui/Lei) non piace a me. / A me non piace (lui/lei).

(He/She) does not appeal to me, i.e. I don't like him/her.

(Lui/Lei) piace a me. / A me piace (lui/lei).

(He/She) appeals to me, i.e. I like him/her.

A me e lui piace lei.

She appeals (both) to me and to him, i.e. he and I (both) like her.


me

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects

Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms

the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language

and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead


me

Naba ka 'dewmet me long, bad sha ka 'dewmet men leit phai pat.

1891, “Jenesis 3:19”, in Ka Baibl (Khasi Bible)

For dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.

Bad un pynmih noh ïa ka hok jong me kum ka jingshai[.]

1891, “Salm 37:6”, in Ka Baibl (Khasi Bible)

And he shall bring forth thy righteousness as the light.


me

Aromanian: mi

Catalan: me

Ligurian: mi

Corsican: mi

Franco-Provençal: mè

French: me, moi

Galician: me

Italian: me, mi

Mirandese: me

Mozarabic: ם (m)

Old Galician-Portuguese: me

Galician: me

Portuguese: me

Romanian: mă

Sicilian: mi

Spanish: me

Albanian language
Ancient Greek language
Dutch language
German language
Greek language
Irish language
Latin language
Lithuanian language
Old Church Slavonic language
Old English language
Old Frisian language
Old High German language
Old Irish language
Old Norse language
Sanskrit language
Welsh language

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁me- (“me”). Cognate with Ancient Greek με (me), ἐμέ (emé, “me”), Sanskrit मा (mā, “me”), Old English me, Old Frisian mi, Old Saxon mī, Dutch mij, Old High German mih (German mich), Old Norse mik, Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌺 (mik). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin me, Greek με (me), Old Irish mé (Irish mí, Welsh mi), Proto-Slavic *mene (Old Church Slavonic мене (mene), Russian меня́ (menjá)), Lithuanian mi, Albanian mua.

by me, with me, from me; ablative singular of ego


me

English: me

Scots: me

Yola: mee, me

From Old English mē, from Proto-Indo-European. More at English me.

me (first-person singular accusative pronoun)


me

From man, men, by way of phonemic reduction in unstressed positions.

Typically singular, indefinite pronoun: one, you (indefinite).


me

French: me

moy

first-person singular object and indirect object pronoun

me, first-person singular object pronoun

to me, first-person singular indirect object pronoun


me

me (accusative or dative or reflexive or prepositional)


me

From Old Norse mit, a form of vit (“we two, the both of us”) influenced by the final -m in Old Norse verbs inflected in the first person plural.

Kva skal me gjera?


me

No, Unga, kunne de slutte mæ Lesnae ei Stund o høyre paa me.

1879, Hallvard Berg, Segner fraa Bygdom, Christiania: Samlaget, page 93

"Now, kids, you stop with the reading for a while and listen to me."


me

Middle English: me

English: me

Scots: me

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 29:19

I'd rather give her to you than to someone else. Stay with me!

Lēofre mē is þæt iċ hīe selle þē þonne ōðrum menn. Wuna mid mē!


me

Middle French: me

French: me

From Latin mē, accusative of ego. As an indirect object pronoun, possibly in part from Latin mihi, dative singular of ego, through a Vulgar Latin *mi (compare the form mi in particular, found in early Old French in the Oaths of Strasbourg).

myself (first-person singular reflexive pronoun)

me (first-person singular direct object pronoun)

to me (first-person singular indirect object pronoun)


me

enclitic genitive/dative/instrumental/ablative singular of ahaṃ


me

From Old Galician-Portuguese me, from Latin mē (accusative of ego), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-. As an objective indirect pronoun, possibly in part from Latin mihi (dative of ego), through a Vulgar Latin *mi.

Meus amigos me ligaram.

first-person singular objective direct personal pronoun; me

Dê-me o copo.

first-person singular objective indirect personal pronoun; (to) me

Este tipo de tratamento me faz querer me enforcar.

This kind of treatment makes me want to hang myself.

first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself

Fui-me embora daquele lugar.

particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.


me

Angloromani: me


me

From Latin mē and, as an indirect object pronoun, possibly in part from mihi.

Lu branu a me no piazi

1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Primabéra [Spring]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 13

I don't like spring
(literally, “The spring to me is not pleasant”)


me

Inherited from Middle English me, from Old English mē (“me”, originally dative, but later also accusative), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁me- (“me”).


me

ме (Cyrillic)
jȃ (nominative singular)
mȋ (nominative plural)
mȅne (genitive singular)
me (genitive singular)
nȃs (genitive plural)
mȅni (dative singular)
mi (dative singular)
nȁma (dative plural)
nam (dative plural)
mȅne (accusative singular)
me (accusative singular)
nȃs (accusative plural)
mȋ (plural vocative)
mȅni (locative singular)
nȁma (locative plural)
mnȏm (instrumental singular)
mnóme (instrumental singular)
nȁma (instrumental plural)


me

mẹ̑ (canonical)
jàz (first-person nominative singular)
tí (nominative second-person singular)
méne (accusative first-person singular)
me (accusative first-person singular)
tébe (accusative second-person singular)
te (accusative second-person singular)
sébe (accusative reflexive singular)
se (accusative reflexive singular)
méne (first-person genitive singular)
me (first-person genitive singular)
tébe (genitive second-person singular)
te (genitive second-person singular)
sébe (genitive reflexive singular)
se (genitive reflexive singular)
méni (dative first-person singular)
mi (dative first-person singular)
tébi (dative second-person singular)
ti (dative second-person singular)
sébi (dative reflexive singular)
si (dative reflexive singular)
méni (first-person locative singular)
tébi (locative second-person singular)
sébi (locative reflexive singular)
menój (first-person instrumental singular)
máno (first-person instrumental singular)
tebój (instrumental second-person singular)
tábo (instrumental second-person singular)
sebój (instrumental reflexive singular)
sábo (instrumental reflexive singular)
mój (first-person possessive singular)
tvój (possessive second-person singular)
svój (possessive reflexive singular)
mídva m (dual first-person nominative)
médve (dual first-person nominative)
mídve f (dual first-person nominative)
n (dual first-person nominative)
vídva m (dual nominative second-person)
védve (dual nominative second-person)
vídve f (dual nominative second-person)
n (dual nominative second-person)
náju (accusative dual first-person)
váju (accusative dual second-person)
sébe (accusative dual reflexive)
se (accusative dual reflexive)
náju (dual first-person genitive)
váju (dual genitive second-person)
sébe (dual genitive reflexive)
se (dual genitive reflexive)
náma (dative dual first-person)
váma (dative dual second-person)
sébi (dative dual reflexive)
si (dative dual reflexive)
náju (dual first-person locative)
váju (dual locative second-person)
sébi (dual locative reflexive)
náma (dual first-person instrumental)
váma (dual instrumental second-person)
sebój (dual instrumental reflexive)
sábo (dual instrumental reflexive)
nájin (dual first-person possessive)
vájin (dual possessive second-person)
svój (dual possessive reflexive)
mí m (first-person nominative plural)
mé f (first-person nominative plural)
n (first-person nominative plural)
ví m (nominative plural second-person)
vé f (nominative plural second-person)
n (nominative plural second-person)
nàs (accusative first-person plural)
vàs (accusative plural second-person)
sébe (accusative plural reflexive)
se (accusative plural reflexive)
nàs (first-person genitive plural)
vàs (genitive plural second-person)
sébe (genitive plural reflexive)
se (genitive plural reflexive)
nàm (dative first-person plural)
vàm (dative plural second-person)
sébi (dative plural reflexive)
si (dative plural reflexive)
nàs (first-person locative plural)
vàs (locative plural second-person)
sébi (locative plural reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental plural)
vàmi (instrumental plural second-person)
sebój (instrumental plural reflexive)
sábo (instrumental plural reflexive)
nàš (first-person plural possessive)
vàš (plural possessive second-person)
svój (plural possessive reflexive)

we (feminine and neuter plural, more than two)


me

Inherited from Latin mē (accusative singular of ego), from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)me-. As an indirect object, possibly in part from Latin mihi (dative of ego), through a Vulgar Latin *mi.

masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown

when the subject is plural and of mixed gender

Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity

Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to

(personal, dative pronoun) dative of yo: to me, for me

(personal, reflexive) reflexive of yo: myself


me

prefixes mV (animate) and dV (inanimate possessive)

third-person singular pronoun, he, she, it, etc.

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun

following standard West Makian vowel harmony


me

A plaauge apan Portheare! Hea'de luther me waal,

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106

A plague upon Porter, he'd hide me well,


me

Samoyedic:

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: [script needed] (mańeʔ)

Nganasan: [script needed] (mêŋ)

Selkup:

Northern Selkup: ме (mje)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ми̇

Upper Ob: мээ

Koibal: ме (me)

Ugric:

Mansi:

Northern Mansi: ма̄н (mān)

Southern Mansi: [script needed] (mäŋ)

Khanty:

Eastern Khanty: [script needed] (mĕŋ)

Northern Khanty: [script needed] (muŋ)

Southern Khanty: [script needed] (mŏŋ)

Hungarian: mi

Proto-Permic: *mi (see there for further descendants)

Mari:

Eastern Mari: ме (me)

Western Mari: мӓ (mä)

Proto-Mordvinic: *miń

Erzya: минь (miń)

Moksha: минь (miń)

Proto-Samic: *mij (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Finnic: *mek (see there for further descendants)


me

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: -m-

desc

ousting <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*mī</i> for the nominative

Old Irish: m-, -um (object pronouns), mé (ousting *mī for the nominative)

Irish: mé

Scottish Gaelic: mi

Manx: mee

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁me, accusative singular of *éǵh₂.


人

⟨pi₁to₂⟩ → */pʲitə/ → /fito/ → /hito/ → /çito/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pitə.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

(archaic) second-person personal pronoun: you


hit

head

hit (subjective and objective hit, reflexive and intensive hitself, possessive adjective and noun hits)

hit (objective subjective)
hitself (emphatic reflexive)
hits (adjective noun possessive)

From Middle English hit (“it”), from Old English hit (“it”), from Proto-Germanic *hit (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”). Cognate with Dutch het (“it”). More at it; also note 'it.

But how hit was to come about didn't appear.

1922, Philip Gengembre Hubert, The Atlantic monthly, volume 130

Now, George, grease it good, an' let hit slide down the hill hits own way.

1998, Nancy A. Walker, What's so funny?: humor in American culture


hit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita. Doublet of ta.


hit

hit (accusative hit, genitive hit, his, possessive determiner hit, his)

hit (accusative)
hit (genitive)
his (genitive)
hit (determiner possessive)
his (determiner possessive)

English: it

Scots: hid

Yola: it, yt

From Old English hit, from Proto-West Germanic *hit, from Proto-Germanic *hit (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”).

Third-person singular neuter pronoun: it

Sometimes used in reference to a child or man: he, she

Third-person singular neuter accusative pronoun: it

Third-person singular neuter genitive pronoun: its

(impersonal, placeholder) Third-person singular impersonal placeholder pronoun: it


hit

desctree

Middle Dutch: het
Dutch: het (only the pronoun; the definite article is a weakened form of dat)
Limburgish: hèt


hit

head

hit n (accusative hit, genitive his, dative him)

hit (accusative)
his (genitive)
him (dative)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowic (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

desctree

Middle English: hit, hitt, hitte, hyt, hytte, it, itt, itte, jt, yt
English: it
Scots: hid
Yola: it, yt

From Proto-Germanic *hit (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”). Cognate with Old Frisian hit (“it”), Old High German iz (“it”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐍄𐌰 (hita, “it”). More at hē.


why

From Proto-Celtic *swīs (compare Breton c’hwi, Welsh chi, Old Irish síi), from Proto-Indo-European *wos.

(Standard Cornish, Standard Written Form with Traditional Graphs) you (formal or plural)


nin

Esperanto first person plural pronoun ni + accusative/objective case ending -n.


do

(few dialects, including Kölsch) thou; you (singular)


do

From Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Unrelated to the prefix to-.


do

From Old Spanish do, from de (“from”) + o (“where”).


do

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
my (first-person objective personal pronoun singular)
mysels (first-person objective personal pronoun reflexive singular)
myn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
mines (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
do (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dû (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dy (informal objective personal pronoun second-person singular)
dysels (informal objective personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
dyn (informal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
dines (informal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
jo (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
jo (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular)
josels (formal objective personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
jo (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
jowes (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
hy (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
him (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
himsels (masculine objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
syn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sines (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sy (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hja (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
har (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
harsels (feminine objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
har (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
harres (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person)
himsels (neuter objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
syn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sines (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
wy (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ús (first-person objective personal plural pronoun)
ússels (first-person objective personal plural pronoun reflexive)
ús (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
uzes (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
jim (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimme (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jim (objective personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimme (objective personal plural pronoun second-person)
jimsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
jinsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
jim (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
jimme (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
jimmes (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
sy (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
hja (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
har (objective personal plural pronoun third-person)
harren (objective personal plural pronoun third-person)
harsels (objective personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
har (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
harren (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
harres (personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
^ Now mostly archaic and unused (personal pronoun)

From Old Frisian thū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Ik hâld fan dy.

(Clay) you, thou; informal second-person singular pronoun


certain

From Middle English certeyn, certein, certain, borrowed from Old French certain, from a Vulgar Latin unattested form *certānus, extended form of Latin certus (“fixed, resolved, certain”), of the same origin as cretus, past participle of cernere (“to separate, perceive, decide”). Displaced native Middle English wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)) and alternative Middle English spelling sertane (“some, certain”).

der

She mentioned a series of contracts, of which certain are not cited.

(with of) Unnamed or undescribed members (of).


era

er (singular)
jag (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mig (first-person oblique personal pronoun singular)
mej (colloquial first-person oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling singular)
min (first-person personal possessed-common possessive pronoun singular)
mitt (first-person personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular)
mina (first-person personal possessed-many possessive pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dig (oblique personal pronoun second-person singular)
dej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling second-person singular)
din (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ditt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person singular)
dina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person singular)
han (masculine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
honom (masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
han (informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (dialectal informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hans (masculine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
henne (feminine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hennes (feminine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
henom (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
hens (gender-neutral neologism personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (common-gender personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (neuter personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
man (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
ens (indefinite personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sig (oblique personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive singular third-person)
sin (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sitt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
vi (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
oss (first-person oblique personal plural pronoun)
vår (first-person personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
våran (first-person informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
vårt (first-person personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
vårat (first-person informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
våra (first-person personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun)
ni (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eran (informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
ers (formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
ert (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
erat (informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
era (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
I (archaic nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eders (archaic formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
edert (archaic personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
edra (archaic personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
de (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial nominative personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
dem (oblique personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
deras (personal plural possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun third-person)
sig (oblique personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive third-person)
sin (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sitt (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sina (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)

From Old Norse yðr, yðar, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.

your, yours (multiple owners of more than one object)

Era jävla idioter!

Era små fan!


there

From Middle English there, ther, thare, thar, thore, from Old English þēr, þǣr, þār (“there; at that place”), from Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“at that place; there”), from Proto-Indo-European *tó-r (“there”), from demonstrative pronominal base *to- (“the, that”) + adverbial suffix *-r̥.
Cognate with Scots thar, thair (“there”), North Frisian dear, deer, där (“there”), Saterland Frisian deer (“there”), West Frisian dêr (“there”), Dutch daar (“there”), Low German dar (“there”), German da, dar- (“there”), Danish der (“there”), Norwegian der (“there”), Swedish där (“there”), Icelandic þar (“in that place, there”).

inh

There are two apples on the table. [=Two apples are on the table.]

There is no way to do it. [=No way to do it exists.]

Is there an answer? [=Does an answer exist?]

No, there isn't. [=No, one doesn't exist.]

1908, C. H. Bovill (lyrics), Jerome D. Kern (music), There’s Something Rather Odd About Augustus, song from the musical Fluffy Ruffles,
It's very sad but all the same, / There’s something rather odd about Augustus.

1909, Leo Tolstoy, translator not mentioned, There are No Guilty People, in The Forged Coupon and Other Stories,
There was a time when I tried to change my position, which was not in harmony with my conscience; […] .

There are intentional and unintentional towns.

1918, Fyodor Dostoevsky, translated by Constance Garnett, Notes from Underground, Part 1, II

Used as an expletive subject of be in its sense of “exist”, with the semantic, usually indefinite subject being postponed or (occasionally) implied.

der

expletive subject of verb of existence: "there is"

If x is a positive number, then there exists [=there is] a positive number y less than x.

There remain several problems with this approach. [=Several problems remain with this approach.]

Once upon a time, in a now-forgotten kingdom, there lived a woodsman with his wife. [=There was a woodsman, who lived with his wife.]

There arose a great wind out of the east. [=There was now a great wind, arising in the east.]

1895, Sabine Baring-Gould, A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes: Nursery Songs, XXII: The Tree in the Wood,
All in a wood there grew a fine tree,

1897, James Baldwin, The Story of Abraham Lincoln: The Kentucky Home, in Four Great Americans,
Not far from Hodgensville, in Kentucky, there once lived a man whose name was Thomas Lincoln.

1904, Uriel Waldo Cutler, Stories of King Arthur and His Knights, Chapter XXXI: How Sir Launcelot Found the Holy Grail,
On a night, as he slept, there came a vision unto him, and a voice said, "Launcelot, arise up, and take thine armour, and enter into the first ship that thou shalt find."

Used with other intransitive verbs of existence, in the same sense, or with other intransitive verbs, adding a sense of existence.

There seems to be some difficulty with the papers. [=It seems that there is some difficulty with the papers.]

I expected there to be a simpler solution. [=I expected that there would be a simpler solution.]

There are beginning to be complications. [=It's beginning to be the case that there are complications.]

There have to be two people at the post.

therefor, thereat, thereunder

(in combination with certain prepositions, no longer productive) That.

Hi there, young fellow.

Oh, hello there, Bob, how are you doing?

Hi there! I’m Anna and I live in Washington, D.C.
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(colloquial) Appended to words of greeting etc.


care

Inherited from Latin quālis, quālem. Compare Italian quale and Aromanian cari, cai, care.

El este un om care a văzut foarte multe lucruri.

He is a man who has seen very many things.


everyone

From Middle English everichon. By surface analysis, every + one.

Hello, everyone!
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain), archived from the original on 2017-09-30

every one

archaic or when referring to every person or thing in a group separately, not as a group


sit

(reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)


bir

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /bir/).


nobody

From Middle English nobody, no-body, no body. By surface analysis, no (“none, not any”, adjective) + body (“one, person, individual”).

surf

I asked several people, but nobody knew how.

As nobody who is not blind can have failed to notice, I had my hair cut just yesterday.

Not any person; the logical negation of somebody.

it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good

nobody ever went broke underestimating the good taste of the American people

nobody ever went broke underestimating the good taste of the American public

nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American people

nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public

nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American people

nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public

on the Internet nobody knows you're a dog


tit

3ʳᵈ person masc. (first-person personal pronoun second-person singular)
3ʳᵈ person fem. (first-person personal pronoun second-person singular)
3ʳᵈ person neut. (first-person personal pronoun second-person singular)
eg (first-person nominative personal pronoun)
jeg (first-person nominative personal pronoun)
tú (nominative personal pronoun second-person)
hann (nominative personal pronoun)
hon (nominative personal pronoun)
tað (nominative personal pronoun)
meg (accusative first-person personal pronoun)
mjeg (accusative first-person personal pronoun)
teg (accusative personal pronoun second-person)
tjeg (accusative personal pronoun second-person)
hann (accusative personal pronoun)
hana (accusative personal pronoun)
tað (accusative personal pronoun)
mær (dative first-person personal pronoun)
tær (dative personal pronoun second-person)
honum (dative personal pronoun)
henni (dative personal pronoun)
tí (dative personal pronoun)
mín (first-person genitive personal pronoun)
tín (genitive personal pronoun second-person)
hansara (genitive personal pronoun)
hans (genitive personal pronoun)
hennara (genitive personal pronoun)
hennar (genitive personal pronoun)
tess (genitive personal pronoun)
3ʳᵈ person masc. (first-person personal plural pronoun second-person)
3ʳᵈ person fem. (first-person personal plural pronoun second-person)
3ʳᵈ person neut. (first-person personal plural pronoun second-person)
vit (first-person nominative personal pronoun)
tit (nominative personal pronoun second-person)
teir (nominative personal pronoun)
tær (nominative personal pronoun)
tey (nominative personal pronoun)
okkum (accusative first-person personal pronoun)
tykkum (accusative personal pronoun second-person)
teir (accusative personal pronoun)
tær (accusative personal pronoun)
tey (accusative personal pronoun)
okkum (dative first-person personal pronoun)
tykkum (dative personal pronoun second-person)
teimum (dative personal pronoun)
teim (dative personal pronoun)
okkara (first-person genitive personal pronoun)
tykkara (genitive personal pronoun second-person)
teirra (genitive personal pronoun)

From Old Norse þit (earlier Old Norse it), cognate with Icelandic þið.