sn

egy-pron

s-n:Z2 pl 3. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

s-n:Z2 pl 3. enclitic pronoun (canonical)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯn (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wy (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
kw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
k (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯ (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯm (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ṯnj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person)
snj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯmt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
stt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ntsnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun stressed third-person)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
jntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kj (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tjwn (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person stative)
.wy (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wj (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.ty (dual feminine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.wy (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.tnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sj (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
tn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
nts (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
nttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.wjn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.tjwnj (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sj (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kw (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.st (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sw (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.twn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
tw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tj (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
wn (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
twn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwy (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntjst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
mnttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
mntw (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.w (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sw (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
sw (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
swt (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)


pers

(rare, nonstandard) That which belongs to per, theirs (singular): possessive case of per, used in place of a noun.


li

head

li f (short/unstressed accusative form of eali)

From Latin illis, dative common plural of ille. Compare Romanian le.

lã

feminine/masculine plural dative- short/unstressed form

u

feminine singular accusative- short/unstressed form

lor

feminine/masculine plural dative- long/stressed form


li

jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

Inherited from Latin illī, dative common singular of ille.

doneu-li una moneda

him, her, it (indirect object, singular all genders)


li

From Latin illi, masculine plural of ille, from Old Latin olle. Cognates include Italian gli (“the, them”) and Romanian îi (“them”).


li

From Italian lui, French lui, or Spanish le, plus the i of personal pronouns.


li

li (second person singular, objective case)

Probably from influence of Louisiana Creole li (“he, she, it”).


li

From lu (“he, him, she, her, it, that”) + -i (“-s; plural”).


li

From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille.

Li ricordo.

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects

Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms

the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language

and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead


li

(dative, archaic) Alternative form of gli


li

li topo t-ita-b.

li aːw.


li

head

li (third-person singular, plural yé, objective li, possessive sô, emphatic sokin, sochin)

yé (plural)
li (objective)
sô (possessive)
sokin (emphatic)
sochin (emphatic)

→ French: li


li

From Arabic اَلَّذِي (allaḏī, relative pronoun). Compare common dialectal Arabic اللي (illi, lli). The use as a conjunction is widely found in Maghrebi Arabic, so there is no reason to consider it a Romance influence (as might otherwise be thought; compare Italian che, which is both a relative pronoun and the conjunction “that”).

inh

Dan huwa r-raġel li seraq il-karozza.

Din hija ħaġa li tħawwadni.

Imnalla għajjatlu Fredu u kellu jwaqqaf l-eloġju ta’ nannuh, għax naħseb l-istorja li kien imiss kienet li għandu xi gżira privata.

2018, Antoinette Borg, Amina, Merlin Publishers

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


li

he, she, it (third-person singular personal pronoun)


li

From Old French li, from Vulgar Latin *illui, a Vulgar Latin dative of Classical Latin ille.


li

Either directly from Latin illī, dative singular of ille (“that one”), or from reduction of Old French lui, lei, themselves from Vulgar Latin *illui, *illei. This depends on whether the innovative forms had replaced illī entirely in Gaul or whether they existed side by side with it. Compare Italian gli, Spanish le, Portuguese lhe.

Si li ancomancent a dire

c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette

third-person singular indirect object pronoun; to him, to her, to it, chiefly atonic form of lui and lei


li

From Latin illī, illae, masculine and feminine plural forms of ille (“that”).

-ri

used when previous syllable is unstressed

Di curori vi ni so umbè. Ca so li chi tu priferi?

(literally, “Of colors there are a lot. Which ones are those which you prefer?”)

There are lots of colors. Which ones do you prefer?

Abà li zerchu

I'll look for them (literally, “Now I look for them”)

Li cuzinu la trìglia

I'll prepare him mullet (literally, “I cook to him the mullet”)

Li fozzu li frisgiori

I'll prepare her some flapjacks (literally, “I make to her the flapjacks”)


li

From the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.

Li canusci?

Quannu ti li desi.


li

C' est li l' mwaisse

him, her, it (direct object, before verb)


мэр

мэр макӏо

мэр дахэ


line

you, you all; second-person plural absolute pronoun.


ge

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

Da ge bedankt zeet da witte!

(dialectal, colloquial) unstressed form of gij: you


ge

From Latin illī (nominative plural and dative singular of ille). Cognate with Catalan li and Italian gli.

Al ge xîva njînta.
He wasn’t saying anything to him.


ge

From Latin hīc (“here”). Cognate with Catalan hi, French y, Italian ci.

Al ge màt dèinter dl’akwa.


ge

ġē (canonical)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowic (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

desctree

Middle English: ye, yee, ȝe, ȝee, yeȝ, yhe, ȝhe, ge, iye, yie, ȝie, gie, hye, hie, ȝeo, geo
English: ye, yee
Scots: ȝe, ye
Yola: ye

From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from *jīz, an early variation of Proto-Germanic *jūz, representing Proto-Indo-European *yūs.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian jī, Old Saxon gi, Dutch gij, Old High German ir (German ihr), Old Norse ér (Swedish I, later ni), Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Albanian ju, Proto-Baltic *ju- (Lithuanian jūs), Tocharian A yas, Tocharian B yes.


ge

Spanish: se


ge

Latin illī; akin to Portuguese lhe, Italian gli.

Obsolete form of se (as a dative pronoun)


ge

ngori tomau ge

ge foke


co

head

co (third-person singular, gender-neutral, reflexive coself)

Co consistently does less than cos share of the Community work. 4. Co absents coself from the Community for more than three weeks [...]

1983, Ingrid Komar, Living the Dream: A Documentary Study of Twin Oaks Community

At the very least, an individual might have to use different terms to describe coself in a heterosexual context than co uses in a sexual minority context [...]

1996, Brett Beemyn, Mickey Elianon, Queer studies: a lesbian, gay, bisexual, & transgender anthology, page 74

A youngster of my own introduction had been rejected by an object of preadolescent craving and had killed coself by leaping at the ceiling of co's quarters. Co was a rising Large Game star, her spring was powerful, our gravity flux was low - co's head struck the surface with enough force to kill on impact.

2004 April 1, Pieira dos Lobos, “Fern's Story two”, in alt.magick.serious (Usenet)

(nonstandard) they (singular). Gender-neutral subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.

(nonstandard) them (singular). Gender-neutral object pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns him and her.


co

co (nominative singular)
čeho (genitive singular)
čemu (dative singular)
co (accusative singular)
čem (locative singular)
čím (instrumental singular)

Inherited from Old Czech čso, from Proto-Slavic *čьto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, *kʷis.

Co se děje?

Co se stalo?


co

co (nominative singular)
czegò (genitive singular)
czemù (dative singular)
co (accusative singular)
czim (instrumental singular)
czim (locative singular)

relative pronoun; that what..., which, that


co

co (nominative)
cogo (genitive)
comu (dative)
co (accusative)
cym (instrumental)
com (locative)

From Proto-Slavic *čьto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, *kʷis.


co

(quantitative, interrogative) how much; how many

(quantitative, relative) that much; that many

(indeterminate) somewhat, to some degree


co

co (nominative singular)
czego (genitive singular)
czemu (dative singular)
co (accusative singular)
czym (instrumental singular)
czym (locative singular)
co (singular vocative)

Co to?

Znam takiego gościa, co ma konia.

subordinate clause
subordinate clause#English

pronoun for introducing a subordinate clause that narrows the scope of the main clause; which, that; what; who

Ta kobieta, co mieszkała w tym mieszkaniu, wyjechała do Niemiec.

That woman, who lived in that apartment, moved to Germany.

pronoun that attaches a relative clause to the main clause; which, that; what; who

Jakość będzie równa temu, co zapłacisz.

The quality will be equal to whatever you pay.

Co ona taka smutna?


co

co (nominative singular)
czego (genitive singular)
czymu (dative singular)
co (accusative singular)
czym (instrumental singular)
czym (locative singular)


au

From Proto-Central-Pacific *au, from Proto-Oceanic *(i-)au, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.


au

From Proto-Polynesian *au, from Proto-Oceanic *(i-)au, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.


au

Ka pīrangi au te kikokiko pākeha

2021, “Titokowaru”, performed by Alien Weaponry

I crave the flesh of the Pakeha (white man)


au

From Proto-Polynesian *au. Cognates include Hawaiian au and Maori au.

Ko tikea 'a e au te moai nui nui ...

1995, Rapanui: A descriptive grammar, page 153

I have seen a big statue.
Note: This source does not show non-ambiguous glottal stops.


au

From Proto-Polynesian *au. Cognates include Hawaiian au and Samoan a'u.


au

Hawaiian: au, wau, a'u

Rapa Nui: au

Maori: au, ahau, aku

Niuean: au, -ku

Samoan: aʻu, ʻou

Tahitian: au, vau

Tokelauan: au

Tongan: au, ou

Tuvaluan: au, -ku

From Proto-Central Pacific *au, from Proto-Oceanic *(i-)au, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.


dy

dy (triggers soft mutation of a following consonant)

From Proto-Celtic *towe (“your”); compare Cornish dha, Breton da, Irish do. See ti (“you”).

Beth sy'n dy gnoi di?

you (familiar singular; as the direct object of a verbal noun)


dy

From Old Frisian thī, from Proto-Germanic *þiz.


ga

(Eastern Lombard) him; her/it (dative case)


ga

ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)


ga

Bha sinn ga thuigsinn.

Cha bhi mi ga tachairt.


ga

га (Cyrillic)
ȏn (masculine nominative singular)
òna (feminine nominative singular)
òno (neuter nominative singular)
òni (masculine nominative plural)
òne (feminine nominative plural)
òna (neuter nominative plural)
njȅga (genitive masculine singular)
ga (genitive masculine singular)
njȇ (feminine genitive singular)
je (feminine genitive singular)
njȅga (genitive neuter singular)
ga (genitive neuter singular)
njȋh (genitive masculine plural)
ih (genitive masculine plural)
njȋh (feminine genitive plural)
ih (feminine genitive plural)
njȋh (genitive neuter plural)
ih (genitive neuter plural)
njȅmu (dative masculine singular)
mu (dative masculine singular)
njȏj (dative feminine singular)
joj (dative feminine singular)
njȅmu (dative neuter singular)
mu (dative neuter singular)
njȉma (dative masculine plural)
im (dative masculine plural)
njȉma (dative feminine plural)
im (dative feminine plural)
njȉma (dative neuter plural)
im (dative neuter plural)
njȅga (accusative masculine singular)
ga (accusative masculine singular)
nj (accusative masculine singular)
njȗ (accusative feminine singular)
ju (accusative feminine singular)
je (accusative feminine singular)
njȅga (accusative neuter singular)
ga (accusative neuter singular)
nj (accusative neuter singular)
njȋh (accusative masculine plural)
ih (accusative masculine plural)
njȋh (accusative feminine plural)
ih (accusative feminine plural)
njȋh (accusative neuter plural)
ih (accusative neuter plural)
njȅm (locative masculine singular)
njȅmu (locative masculine singular)
njȏj (feminine locative singular)
njȅm (locative neuter singular)
njȅmu (locative neuter singular)
njȉma (locative masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine locative plural)
njȉma (locative neuter plural)
njȋm (instrumental masculine singular)
njíme (instrumental masculine singular)
njȏm (feminine instrumental singular)
njóme (feminine instrumental singular)
njȋm (instrumental neuter singular)
njíme (instrumental neuter singular)
njȉma (instrumental masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine instrumental plural)
njȉma (instrumental neuter plural)

of him (clitic genitive singular of ȏn (“he”))

him (clitic accusative singular of ȏn (“he”))

of it (clitic genitive singular of òno (“it”))

it (clitic accusative singular of òno (“it”))


ga

introduces either a dependent or interrogative clause in reference to time; when


ac

āc (canonical)
āc ihqueh (plural)
āquihqueh (plural)


sonne

The usage of this term for plurals stems from the similarity or identity of female singular and (gender-unspecific) plural declensions in German grammar.

(colloquial) Contraction of so eine (“such a”). (so, ein)

Wer macht denn sonne Sachen?

Ungrammatical synonym of solch in plural.


lu

lu (canonical)
la (canonical feminine)
lo (canonical neuter)

From Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, accusative of ille. Compare Spanish lo.

Third-person singular direct object; him, it


lu

From Latin ille (“that”), from Old Latin olle (“that”). Cognates include Italian lo (“him”), il (“the”) and French le (“the, him”).


lu

lu (third person masculine direct object)

From Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum. Compare Italian lo.


lu

Back-formation from ilu (“he, him”), elu (“she, her”) and olu (“it”).

Me ne savas ka lu es viro o muliero.

I don't know if he/she is a man or a woman.

Third-person singular pronoun for referents of any gender; he/him, she/her, it or that

The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered


lu

From Betawi Udik lo (“you”), from Hokkien 汝 (lú). Doublet of lo.

(chiefly Jakarta, slang) Second-person singular pronoun: you, your, yours


lu

engkau

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


lu

From Vulgar Latin *(il)lu, from Latin illum, accusative of ille (“that”).

Di curori vi ni so umbè. Ca è lu chi tu priferi?

(literally, “Of colors there are a lot. Which one is that which you prefer?”)

There are lots of colors. Which one do you prefer?

Lu cunnosci?

Abà ti lu diggu

Now I'll tell you (literally, “Now I tell it to you”)


lu

From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, from ille.

Lu canusci?

Quannu ti lu desi.


eu

eu (after a preposition min, accusative me, dative me)

From Old Galician-Portuguese eu, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Saban todos que yeu Fernan Martinez, Clerigo rector da Yglesia de San Thomas da pescaria da Vila da Cruña
Everyone know this, that I Fernán Martinez, rector cleric of the church of Saint Tomas, of the Pescaría (fishery) of the Town of A Coruña

1399, M. González Garcés, editor, Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 580


eu

at you/ye


eu

(chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of yow


eu

Eonavian: eu

Fala: ei

Galician: eu

Portuguese: eu (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

[O]s ollos uerdes que eu ui / me façen ora andar aſſi.

13th century, Cancioneiro da Ajuda, João Garcia de Guilhade, A 229: Amigos, non poss'eu negar (facsimile)

The green eyes which I have seen / have made me now be like this.


eu

Occitan: ieu

I (first-person singular subject pronoun)


eu

ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
thū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
me (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ina (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
imu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mīn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
wit (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
git (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unkero (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
unka (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
inker (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
inka (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
wī (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
we (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ge (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (masculine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (feminine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (neuter nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
unsik (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (accusative masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (accusative neuter personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
im (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwero (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwera (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)


eu

From Old Galician-Portuguese eu, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆. Doublet of ego.

I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

(Brazil, nonstandard, highly proscribed) first-person singular prepositional pronoun; me


eu

eu (nominative)
mine (accusative stressed)


eu

[…] guasi guasi creduchi podaristhia eu puruo dubaristhianascì torra. […]

1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Primabéra [Springtime]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 13

I almost believe that I, too, can, or should, be born again.

Faccisigàddu, diggu grazie a Firumèna chi s’alluntàna e s’arròmba a lu muru; eu a lu muru d’aócci.

2020 March 25, Ignazio Sanna, “Di nomme fozzu Asdrubale [My name is Asdrubale]”, in Ignazio Sanna - Prosa e poesia in sassarese

Embarrassed, I thank Filomena, who distances herself, and leans on the wall; I [lean] to the opposite wall.


eu

Eu sacciu lèggiri 'n sicilianu.

iu

possibly influenced by Spanish yo or Italian io


eu

eu (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

of a following vowel (triggers-h-prothesis)

Rhaid sganio’r ffeiliau cyn eu hagor a’u harchwilio.

You have to scan the files before opening them and exploring them.

them (as the direct object of a verbal noun)


bia

bia (third person nominative, singular, accusative biko, genitive bini, dative bina)

biko (accusative)
bini (genitive)
bina (dative)
bi- (in-compounds)

From bi- (“third person pronoun”) + -a (“nominalizing suffix used with monosyllabic pronouns”).


أنا

أَنَا (canonical)
ʔana (romanization)
ʔanā (romanization)
ـِيَ (enclitic)
ـِي (enclitic)
ـنِي (enclitic)
ـنِيَ (enclitic)

Egyptian Arabic: أنا (ʔana)

Gulf Arabic: آنا (āna)

Maltese: jien, jiena

Moroccan Arabic: آنا (ʔāna), أنا (ʔana)

South Levantine Arabic: أنا (ʔana)

Tunisian Arabic: آنا (ʔāna)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔanāku, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ˀanāku, hence also Proto-Berber *ənăkkʷ (Kabyle nekk) and Egyptian jnk (Coptic ⲁⲛⲟⲕ (anok)).
Cognate with Hebrew אני (aní).

I (first person singular subject pronoun)

1. هُمْ becomes هُمُ before the definite article الـ. 2. Specifically

ـيَ is attached to nouns. In the latter case

ـيَ is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel

diphthong

e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual

while ـِي is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel

as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns

in which case that vowel is elided. Furthermore

presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay

-ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ. Prepositions use ـِي

e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)

even though in this case it has the meaning of rather than . The sisters of inna can use either form. 3. ـهِـ occurs after -i


أنا

Alternative form of آنا (ʔāna): I (first person singular subject pronoun)


أنا

Enclitic forms: ـي (-i/-y), ـني (-ni)


أنا

ajp-pronoun

أنا • (ʔana) m or f (enclitic form ـي (-i) or ـني (-ni))

ʔana (romanization)
ـي (-i enclitic)
ـني (enclitic)


ce

Inherited from Old French ço, from Late Latin ecce hoc.

3 Also used when a group has both men and women

4 Also used as third person plural reflexive

C’est beau !

est-ce que...?

forms yes–no questions (literally, “is it that...?”)

ce dont je parlais

C’eût été avec plaisir, mais...

It would have been with pleasure, but...

C’eût été dommage...

predicative adjective
predicative adjective

(subject of être, with predicative adjectives or relative clauses, singular only) it, this, that (see § Usage notes, below)

C’est un/une célébrité.

Ce sont des célébrités.

Ce sont des gens bien.

C'est un roc ! ... c'est un pic ! ... c'est un cap ! Que dis-je, c'est un cap ? ... C'est une péninsule !

1897, Edmond Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac

It's a rock! ... it's a peak! ... it's a cape! What am I saying, a cape? ... It's a peninsula!

(subject of être, with predicate nouns) he, she, it, this, that

ce semble

ce peuvent être...

[...] ce paraissent être encore là des points à noter [...]

1866, Guérineau de Boisvillette, Ce qu'il a laissé!, page 56

[…] these seem to be more points worth noting […]

(archaic, subject of verbs other than être) it, this, that


ce

From Latin quid. Compare Italian che, Venetian ché, Romanian ce.


ce

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects


ce

Inherited from Latin quid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid, compare *kʷis.

Ce vrei să faci?


ce

Clipping of kuce, used colloquially and informally.


das

der (masculine nominative)
die (feminine nominative)
das (neuter nominative)
die (nominative plural)
dessen (genitive masculine)
deren (feminine genitive)
derer (feminine genitive)
dessen (genitive neuter)
deren (genitive plural)
derer (genitive plural)
dem (dative masculine)
der (dative feminine)
dem (dative neuter)
denen (dative plural)
den (accusative masculine)
die (accusative feminine)
das (accusative neuter)
die (accusative plural)

some speakers in south-western Germany; when stressed

From Middle High German daz, from Old High German daz, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Compare Silesian East Central German doas, Dutch dat, English that.

dat

in western and parts of northern Germany

dit

colloquial in eastern Germany, especially the federal state of Brandenburg, around Berlin

Ich kenne ein Mädchen, das das kann.

Das kann es nicht geben.

This is nothing that could possibly exist.

nominative/accusative neuter singular of der

Das ist mein Haus.

Er weiß das bereits.

Ich hab das nicht.

I don’t have it. (i.e. the thing mentioned)

Das regnet schon wieder.

Wissen Sie, wie spät das ist?

(regional, Northern Germany) it (subject of an impersonal verb)


ne

sq-personal pronoun

ne (accusative ne, dative neve, ablative nesh)

ne (accusative)
neve (dative)
nesh (ablative)
ne (first-person nominative plural)
nesh (ablative first-person plural)
ne (accusative first-person plural)
neve (dative first-person plural)
ynë (first-person plural)
yni (first-person plural possessive pronoun)

The nominative-accusative is from accusative Proto-Albanian *nōs, stressed form of clitic Proto-Indo-European *nos, which is continued by the clitic na. Neve and nesh are innovated, but Gheg retains dative nahe (Old Albanian nae) from a genitive *nosōm.


ne

head

ne (enclitic, contracted 'n, proclitic en, contracted proclitic n')

'n (contracted)
en (proclitic)
n' (contracted proclitic)

1) Behaves grammatically as plural.2) Behaves grammatically as third person.

3) Only as object of a preposition.4) Not before unstressedi-

represents an indeterminate number or quantity of a given noun

represents a place (associated with the action described by the verb) that would be introduced by the preposition de

replaces a phrase introduced by the preposition de


ne

From Proto-Finnic *nek, from Proto-Uralic *ne + *-k (dual ending). Compare Erzya не (ńe), неть (ńeť).
The inflectional stem nii- derives from the same stem with the plural infix (-i-), through an older *nij- (< *ne-j-). Compare also se.

(demonstrative, of things and animals) nominative plural of se: they, those (objects not pointed at by the speaker)

se

(colloquial, dialectal, of people) nominative plural of se: they


ne

(Paderbornisch) weak accusative of hei: him


ne

From Latin inde (“thence”). Compare French en (adverb, pronoun).

Furono mesi di lavoro sfibrante, ma ne venne fuori un gran film.

There were months of exhausting work, but a great movie came out of those.

from this; from that; from these; from those, sometimes not translated in English

Ne abbiamo parlato, ma non sono sicuro che abbia capito.

We talked about that, but I'm not sure he understood.

Certo che ricordo quell'evento: ne ho perfino scritto in un articolo.

Of course I remember that event, I even wrote an article about that

about this; about that; about these; about those

Se è avanzata della torta, ne vorrei una fetta, per favore.

(literally, “If is left some cake, of it I would like a slice.”)

If there's some cake left, I would like a slice.

Avevi promesso di tornare a casa, te ne ricordi?

(literally, “You had promised to come back to home, do you of it remember?”)

You promised you'd come back home, do you remember (that)?

of this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English

Non ne ho più.

(literally, “I don't of it have any more.”)

of them (sometimes not translated in English)

Ho capito cos'ha fatto, ma non ne ho capito il motivo.

I understood what he did, but I didn't understand the reason for that.

for this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English

Spalancò la porta e se ne andò tutta esultante.

She slammed the door open, and left all cheerful.

Se ne sta sdraiato per ore a non fare nulla.

He just stays there lying down for hours, without doing anything.

intensive particle, used in forms of certain verbs suffixed with -ne, where it indicates a particular way of carrying out the verb's action

Non te ne vorrò.

only used in forms of the verb of volerne (“to hold a grudge”)

Ne va della tua vita.

only used in forms of the verb of andarne (“to be at stake”)


ne

Ikit ne.

blend of 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun + 3rd person singular absolutive pronoun


ne

še (nominative singular)
ne (nominative plural)
šen (genitive singular)
niijen (genitive plural)
šitä (partitive singular)
niitä (partitive plural)
šiih (illative singular)
niih (illative plural)
šiinä (inessive singular)
niissä (inessive plural)
šiitä (elative singular)
niistä (elative plural)
šillä (adessive singular)
niillä (adessive plural)
šiltä (ablative singular)
niiltä (ablative plural)
šiksi (singular translative)
niiksi (plural translative)
šinä (essive singular)
niinä (essive plural)
niineh (comitative plural)
šiittä (abessive singular)
niittä (abessive plural)
še (nominative singular)
ne (nominative plural)
šen (genitive singular)
niijen (genitive plural)
šidä (partitive singular)
niidä (partitive plural)
šiih (illative singular)
niih (illative plural)
šiinä (inessive singular)
niissä (inessive plural)
šiitä (elative singular)
niistä (elative plural)
šillä (adessive singular)
niillä (adessive plural)
šildä (ablative singular)
niildä (ablative plural)
šiksi (singular translative)
niiksi (plural translative)
šinä (essive singular)
niinä (essive plural)
šiinke (comitative singular)
niinke (comitative plural)
šiittä (abessive singular)
niittä (abessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *nek. Cognates include Finnish ne and Estonian need.

the medial determiners are used instead of the distal series.Dialectally

the determiners are used as in North Karelian

(North Karelian or dialectal) these, those (medial)


ne

From Old Tupi ne. Cognate with Guaraní nde.

Ne akanhemu reikú nhaãsé ne kirá reikú.

Aé uputari upitá ne irũmu.

Ne manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.

(second-class) second-person singular personal pronoun (you, your)


ne

ne (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)

and reflexive form of noi (accusative unstressed)

From Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare nă (old form) and Aromanian nã.

El ne urmează.


ne

ne (unstressed dative and reflexive form of noi)

and reflexive form of noi (dative unstressed)

Ele ne dau cadouri.


ne

ngori tomau ne

ne foke


ne

ne (nominative singular)
neler (nominative plural)
neyi (accusative definite singular)
neleri (accusative definite plural)
neye (dative singular)
nelere (dative plural)
nede (locative singular)
nelerde (locative plural)
neden (ablative singular)
nelerden (ablative plural)
neyin (genitive singular)
nelerin (genitive plural)
neyim (first-person nominative singular)
nelerim (first-person nominative singular)
neyin (nominative second-person singular)
nelerin (nominative second-person singular)
neyi (nominative singular third-person)
neleri (nominative singular third-person)
neyimiz (first-person nominative plural)
nelerimiz (first-person nominative plural)
neyiniz (nominative plural second-person)
neleriniz (nominative plural second-person)
neleri (nominative plural third-person)
neyimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
nelerimi (accusative definite first-person singular)
neyini (accusative definite second-person singular)
nelerini (accusative definite second-person singular)
neyini (accusative definite singular third-person)
nelerini (accusative definite singular third-person)
neyimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
nelerimizi (accusative definite first-person plural)
neyinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
nelerinizi (accusative definite plural second-person)
nelerini (accusative definite plural third-person)
neyime (dative first-person singular)
nelerime (dative first-person singular)
neyine (dative second-person singular)
nelerine (dative second-person singular)
neyine (dative singular third-person)
nelerine (dative singular third-person)
neyimize (dative first-person plural)
nelerimize (dative first-person plural)
neyinize (dative plural second-person)
nelerinize (dative plural second-person)
nelerine (dative plural third-person)
neyimde (first-person locative singular)
nelerimde (first-person locative singular)
neyinde (locative second-person singular)
nelerinde (locative second-person singular)
neyinde (locative singular third-person)
nelerinde (locative singular third-person)
neyimizde (first-person locative plural)
nelerimizde (first-person locative plural)
neyinizde (locative plural second-person)
nelerinizde (locative plural second-person)
nelerinde (locative plural third-person)
neyimden (ablative first-person singular)
nelerimden (ablative first-person singular)
neyinden (ablative second-person singular)
nelerinden (ablative second-person singular)
neyinden (ablative singular third-person)
nelerinden (ablative singular third-person)
neyimizden (ablative first-person plural)
nelerimizden (ablative first-person plural)
neyinizden (ablative plural second-person)
nelerinizden (ablative plural second-person)
nelerinden (ablative plural third-person)
neyimin (first-person genitive singular)
nelerimin (first-person genitive singular)
neyinin (genitive second-person singular)
nelerinin (genitive second-person singular)
neyinin (genitive singular third-person)
nelerinin (genitive singular third-person)
neyimizin (first-person genitive plural)
nelerimizin (first-person genitive plural)
neyinizin (genitive plural second-person)
nelerinizin (genitive plural second-person)
nelerinin (genitive plural third-person)
neyim (first-person singular)
nelerim (first-person singular)
nesin (second-person singular)
nelersin (second-person singular)
ne (singular third-person)
nedir (singular third-person)
neler (singular third-person)
nelerdir (singular third-person)
neyiz (first-person plural)
neleriz (first-person plural)
nesiniz (plural second-person)
nelersiniz (plural second-person)
neler (plural third-person)
nelerdir (plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish نه (ne, “what, whatever, how”), from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (ne, “what”), from Proto-Turkic *nē- (“what”).
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰤𐰀 (n²a /ne/, “what, which”), Karakhanid نا (ne), Old Uyghur [script needed] (ne), Azerbaijani nə, Salar neñ, Bashkir ни (ni), Chuvash мӗн (mĕn) (metathesis < *ne-me), Kazakh не (ne), Khakas ниме (nime), Kyrgyz не (ne), Tatar ни (ni), Turkmen nǟmä, Tuvan чүү (çüü), Uyghur نېمە (nëme), Uzbek nima, Yakut туох (tuoq).

inh

Ne istiyorsun?

Ne istersen yaparım.


noi

(first-person plural pronoun, nominative) we


noi

From Latin nos, from Proto-Italic *nōs. Cognates include Italian noi and Romanian noi.


noi

From Latin nōs. Compare Italian noi, French nous and Spanish nos.

(first-person plural pronoun, oblique case) us


noi

From the oblique forms (see the inflection under tuo) by analogy.

(now colloquial or dialectal) nominative plural of toi


noi

Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms

the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language

and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead


noi

noi (nominative)
noi (accusative stressed)
ne (accusative)

Inherited from Latin nōs, from Proto-Italic *nōs. Compare Aromanian noi.


noi

(direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") us

preceded by preposition; such as "pe"; "cu"; "la"; preceded by preposition; such as "pe"; "cu"; "la"


noi

From Latin nōs, from Proto-Italic *nōs, from the oblique forms of Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“us”).


pe

Pe akanhemu peikú nhaãsé pe kirá peikú.

Aintá uputari upitá pe irũmu.

Pe manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.

Te pe resarái masuí peyuri!

2021, Marcel Twardowsky Ávila, Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 588

(second-class) second-person plural personal pronoun (you, your)


mini

From Latin mē, possibly through Vulgar Latin mēne (a root), or through analogy with tsini, from *quene, from quem. Compare Romanian mine, also Dalmatian main.


ho

jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

Inherited from Latin hoc. Compare Occitan o and ac.

it (direct object); replaces the demonstrative pronouns açò, això and allò

replaces an independent clause (one which could grammatically form a sentence on its own)

replaces an adjective or an indefinite noun which serves as the predicate of ésser, esdevenir, estar or semblar


ho

Alternative form of who (“who”, nominative)


ho

(nonstandard, dialectal) she (form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by hun)


ho

head

ho (accusative ho or henne, genitive hennar)

ho (accusative)
henne (accusative)
hennar (genitive)

From Old Norse hón, from Proto-Germanic *hēnō (compare *ainaz). Cognate with Icelandic hún, Danish hun and Swedish hon.

Ho er bestevenninna mi.

she, it (third person singular, feminine)

Eg ser ho.


ho

Hoo vnderwisar HERRANS anda/ och hwadh rådhgiffuare lärer honom? Hwem fråghar han om rådh, then honom förstånd giffuer/ och lärer honom rettzens wägh/ och lärer honom klookheet och wijsar honom förståndzens wägh?
(1873 edition) Ho undervisar Herrans Anda; och hvad rådgifvare lärer honom? Hvem frågar han om råd, den honom förstånd gifver, och lärer honom rättsens väg, och lärer honom klokhet, och viser honom förståndsens väg?

1541, Gustav Vasa Bible, Esaiah, 40:13-14

Who hath directed the Spirit of the Lord, or being his counsellor hath taught him? With whom took he counsel, and who instructed him, and taught him in the path of judgment, and taught him knowledge, and shewed to him the way of understanding?

Ho äst du?


ho

(dialectal) Alternative form of hon (“she”)


ho

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, compare Malay kau and Tetum ó.


ele

French: elle

From Latin illa (nominative), illam (accusative), feminine of ille.


ele

he/she/it (third-person singular personal pronoun)


ele

pt-pron

ele m (feminine ela, masculine plural eles, feminine plural elas)

ela (feminine)
eles (masculine plural)
elas (feminine plural)

Indo-Portuguese: êll

From Old Galician-Portuguese ele, from Latin ille (“that, he, she, it”).

Ele andou até mim.

third-person masculine singular nominative personal pronoun; he; it

Eu gosto de conversar com ele.

third-person masculine singular prepositional pronoun; him; it

Um homem matou ele.

(Brazil) third-person masculine singular personal pronoun used in all positions; he; him; it


ele

head

ele f pl (third-person plural, masculine equivalent ei)

equivalent ei (masculine)
ele (nominative)
ele (accusative stressed)
le (accusative)

Inherited from Latin illae, nominative feminine plural of ille.

(nominative form) they (for a group composed completely of females)


ele

(direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") them (all-female group)


ea

From Latin illa, feminine of ille. Compare Romanian ea.

(third-person feminine singular pronoun, nominative form) she


ea

el

masculine equivalent (third-person singular nominative)

u

feminine singular accusative- short/unstressed form

ljei

feminine singular genitive and feminine singular dative- long/stressed form

ãlj

feminine singular dative- short/unstressed form

elj

third-person (masculine or mixed) plural


ea

From Old Irish ed (“it”). Ultimately akin to English it, Latin id, etc.


ea

nominative feminine singular of is: "she", "it" (referring to feminine nouns), or demonstratively (as a demonstrative pronoun) "this", "that" (likewise referring to feminine nouns)

is

nominative neuter plural of is: "they (things)"

accusative neuter plural of is: "them (things)"


ea

ea f (third-person singular, plural ele, masculine equivalent el)

ele (plural)
equivalent el (masculine)
ea (nominative)
ea (accusative stressed)
o (accusative)

Inherited from Latin illa, feminine of ille.


ea

(direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la", or "pentru") her


ons

From Dutch ons, from Middle Dutch ons, from Old Dutch uns, from Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz.

1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function

chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence

Ons is ’n familie.


ons

Afrikaans: ons

Berbice Creole Dutch: ensi

Jersey Dutch: on̈s, on̈ns

Negerhollands: ons, oṅ

Skepi Creole Dutch: ons

From Middle Dutch ons, from Old Dutch uns, from Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz.

Geef ons heden ons dagelijks brood.


ons

desctree

Dutch: ons
Afrikaans: ons
Berbice Creole Dutch: ensi
Jersey Dutch: on̈s, on̈ns
Negerhollands: ons, oṅ
Skepi Creole Dutch: ons

Limburgish: ós

Zealandic: oôns


ons

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Old East Slavic онъ (onŭ).

third-person masculine singular pronoun: he


ons

If xamobs yufapükis dabinöl, täno mutobs dasevön, das ons valik jenöfo binons geboviks pro disein.

1938, “Ge lü Volapük!”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, pages 17-19

If we examine the existing auxiliary languages, we must admit that they are all indeed useful for the purpose.

(nominative plural of on) they (neuter or of mixed or unspecified gender)


kaj

kȁj (canonical)
ка̏ј (Cyrillic)
gdo (common-gender neuter nominative)
kaj (common-gender neuter nominative)
teroga (common-gender genitive neuter)
kteroga (common-gender genitive neuter)
česa (common-gender genitive neuter)
terem (common-gender dative neuter)
kterem (common-gender dative neuter)
čemu (common-gender dative neuter)
teroga (accusative common-gender neuter)
kteroga (accusative common-gender neuter)
kaj (accusative common-gender neuter)
terom (common-gender locative neuter)
teromu (common-gender locative neuter)
km (common-gender locative neuter)
kmu (common-gender locative neuter)
čemu (common-gender locative neuter)
terem (common-gender instrumental neuter)
kterem (common-gender instrumental neuter)
čem (common-gender instrumental neuter)

From Proto-Slavic *kъjь; compare standard Serbo-Croatian kòjī (“which, what”).

Kaj si rekel?

Nisem znal kaj si želel.


kaj

káj (canonical)
kdó (feminine masculine nominative)
káj (neuter nominative)
kóga (accusative feminine masculine)
káj (accusative neuter)
kóga (feminine genitive masculine)
čésa (genitive neuter)
kómu (dative feminine masculine)
čému (dative neuter)
kóm (feminine locative masculine)
čém (locative neuter)
kóm (feminine instrumental masculine)
čím (instrumental neuter)

sl-decl-pron-table-interrog

Declension of kdó/káj (pronoun, irregular)

From Proto-Slavic *jь appended to Proto-Slavic *ka, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷi-.


kaj

kȁj (canonical)
kdó (feminine masculine nominative)
kàj (neuter nominative)
kóga (accusative feminine masculine)
kàj (accusative neuter)
kóga (feminine genitive masculine)
čésa (genitive neuter)
kómu (dative feminine masculine)
čému (dative neuter)
kóm (feminine locative masculine)
čém (locative neuter)
kóm (feminine instrumental masculine)
čím (instrumental neuter)

Declension of kdó/kàj (pronoun, irregular)

Se med vama kaj plete?

Is there anything going on between you two?


mus

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).

(Lagarteiru) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us


po

Relate to Shor по, Khakas пу (pu) Tofa бо, Tuvan бо (bo), Karaim бу , Krymchak бу, Southern Altai бу (bu), Kyrgyz бул (bul), etc.


hän

hän (nominative singular)
he (nominative plural)
hänen (genitive singular)
heidän (genitive plural)
häntä (partitive singular)
heitä (partitive plural)
hänet (accusative singular)
heidät (accusative plural)
hänessä (inessive singular)
heissä (inessive plural)
hänelle (allative singular)
heille (allative plural)
hänenä (essive singular)
heinä (essive plural)
häneksi (singular translative)
heiksi (plural translative)
hänettä (abessive singular)
heittä (abessive plural)

Kven: hän

From Proto-Finnic *hän, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän. Cognates include Erzya сон (son).
In practically all dialects (except potentially Ingrian Finnish), se is the most common third-person pronoun for people, and this is also reflected in colloquial Finnish. hän was most often used in indirect speech (as a logophoric pronoun), potentially with a nuance of doubt or disbelief, although in southwestern, southeastern and far northern eastern dialects it was used more widely in subordinate clauses. The use of hän as a general third-person pronoun may thus be a literary feature.

(personal) he, she, one, (singular) they (only of a human being; the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)

he, she, one, they, it (in indirect speech: referring to the subject of the main clause, regardless of whether they are a human being or not, i.e. logophoric pronoun)


hän

hän (nominative singular)
het (nominative plural)
hänen (genitive singular)
heiđän (genitive plural)
heän (genitive plural)
häntä (partitive singular)
heitä (partitive plural)
hänen (accusative singular)
heiđät (accusative plural)
heät (accusative plural)
hänheen (illative singular)
heihin (illative plural)
hänessä (inessive singular)
heissä (inessive plural)
hänestä (elative singular)
heistä (elative plural)
hänele (allative singular)
hänelet (allative singular)
hälle (allative singular)
hället (allative singular)
heile (allative plural)
heilet (allative plural)
hänelä (adessive singular)
hällä (adessive singular)
heillä (adessive plural)
häneltä (ablative singular)
hältä (ablative singular)
heiltä (ablative plural)
hänenä (singular translative)
heinä (plural translative)
häneksi (essive singular)
heiksi (essive plural)
hänettä (abessive singular)
heittä (abessive plural)

From Finnish hän, from Proto-Finnic *hän.


hän

hänen (genitive)
händast (partitive)
hän (nominative singular)
hö (nominative plural)
hänen (accusative singular)
hö (accusative plural)
hänen (genitive singular)
heiden (genitive plural)
händast (partitive singular)
heid (partitive plural)
hänes (inessive singular)
heiš (inessive plural)
hänespäi (elative singular)
heišpäi (elative plural)
hänehe (illative singular)
heihe (illative plural)
hänel (adessive singular)
heil (adessive plural)
hänelpäi (ablative singular)
heilpäi (ablative plural)
hänele (allative singular)
heile (allative plural)
häneta (abessive singular)
heita (abessive plural)
hänenke (comitative singular)
heidenke (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *hän, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän. Cognate to Hungarian ő. False cognate with Swedish han.


hän

hän (nominative singular)
hänen (accusative singular)
hänen (genitive singular)
häntä (partitive singular)
hänessä (inessive singular)
hänehnä (inessive singular)
hänestä (elative singular)
hänehen (illative singular)
hänellä (adessive singular)
häneltä (ablative singular)
hänelen (allative singular)
hänelek (allative singular)
hännä (essive singular)
häneksi (singular translative)
hänen (instructive singular)
hännek (comitative singular)
hänettä (abessive singular)

desc

< partitive singular <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*häntä</i>, later reanalyzed

< genitive singular + possessive suffix, <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*hänensäk</i>

⇒ Estonian: enda (< partitive singular *häntä, later reanalyzed), enese (< genitive singular + possessive suffix, *hänensäk)

Finnish: hän

Kven: hän

Ingrian: hää, (dialectal) hän, hään

→ Votic: hän, hään

Karelian:

North Karelian: hiän

South Karelian: hiän

q

< with partitive and possessive endings, <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*häntänsäk</i>

⇒ Livonian: eņtš (< with partitive and possessive endings, *häntänsäk)

Livvi: häi

Ludian: häin

Veps: hän

< with partitive and inessive endings, <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*häntähen</i>, later reanalyzed

⇒ Võro: hindä (< with partitive and inessive endings, *häntähen, later reanalyzed)

Votic: (inflected forms of ize) ene

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän, *sen. The initial sound change *s > *h is irregular; a similar sound change is regular between the second and third syllables, and the relative lack of sentence stress given to personal pronouns appears to have motivated a similar change (also seen in *hek). Cognate with Proto-Samic *sonë.


etc.

An abbreviation of Hungarian etcetera, from Latin et cetera (“and the rest [of the things]; and the other things”).

der

and the rest 􂀿of the things􂁀; and the other things


am

First-person plural exclusive pronoun; us (exclusive)


am

Where you pick am? (Where did you pick it?)

1960, Chinua Achebe, No Longer at Ease, page 85

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


鼻

Kyūjitai
Proto-Japonic language
Shinjitai

From Proto-Japonic *pana. The sense as a pronoun is from pointing to one's nose to refer to oneself.

first-person personal male pronoun; I, me


jet

From Old High German iowiht, from io (“always”) + wiht (“thing”) << Proto-West Germanic *wihti.
Cognate with Middle Dutch iewet, iet (whence Limburgish get, contemporary Dutch iets), English aught.

Luur ens, ich hann der jet metjebraht.

(Ripuarian, northernmost Moselle Franconian) something; anything


own

Vo no own caars fadere betides

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 3

Thaar's no own aal to taak uz thaar.

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 10

"Gud bless thee mee gurles," hay zaid, "own an aal."

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 7

"God bless you, my children," he said, "one and all."

A pipere vel bak lik own in a smote,

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 19

The piper fell back like one well smitten,


voi

From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs. Compare Romanian voi.

(second-person plural pronoun, nominative form) you (plural), you all (group being addressed)


voi

(long/stressed accusative form) you (group being addressed)


voi

From Latin vos, from Old Latin vos, from Proto-Italic *wōs. Cognates include Italian voi and Romanian voi.


voi

From Latin vōs. Compare Italian voi, Romanian voi, French vous.

(second-person plural pronoun, oblique case) you


voi

From Latin vōs, from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Cognates with the same usage are the French vous and the Russian вы (vy).

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects


voi

voi (nominative)
voi (accusative stressed)
vă (accusative)

Inherited from Latin vōs, from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.

(nominative form) you (group being addressed)


voi

(direct object, preceded by preposition, such as "pe", "cu", "la" or "pentru") you (group being addressed)

preceded by preposition; such as "pe"; "cu"; "la" or "pentru"; preceded by preposition; such as "pe"; "cu"; "la" or "pentru"


voi

From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Mireddi s’in calch’ iltantiEdda si moltra affannadda,Oppuru appassionaddaSulpira par altr’ amanti,Mireddi si calchi iltantiHa di voi cumpassioni.
[Mireddi s’in calch’ isthantiEdda si mosthra affannadda,Oppuru appassionaddaSuippira par althr’ amanti,Mireddi si calchi isthantiHa di voi cumpassioni.]

c. 19ᵗʰ century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese, volume 1 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 2, page 63

Look if, sometimes, she seems tired; or [if] she passionately sighs for other lovers. Look if, sometimes, she pities you.
(literally, “Look if in some instants she appears tired, or passionate sighs for other lovers, look if [in] some instants [she] has of you compassion.”)


nostrum

[ˈnɔs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]


nostrum

English: nostrum

[ˈnɔs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]

inflection of noster:
accusative masculine singular


der

Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.


der

From Old Norse þar, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”), cognate with English there, German da.

der sad to katte på et bord

two cats were sitting on a table (lit. "there sat two cats on a table")

der blev diskuteret vildt

people were debating vehemently (lit. "there was debated vehemently")

(dummy pronoun) there (expletive word put in the subject field when the subject is postponed to the predicate field, typically with indefinite subjects or subjectless passive verbs)

alle kan være enige om, at det menneske, der kommer hjem fra sin dannelsesrejse, er et mere fuldbragt menneske end det, der tog af sted.

everybody can agree that the person that returns from an educational journey is a more complete person than the one that left

(relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses, only when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence)

jeg ved godt, hvem der vinder den flaske

hvem der bare havde en hund!

added to interrogative pronouns functioning as the subject of interrogative dependent clauses or exclamative independent clauses


der

der (masculine nominative)
die (feminine nominative)
das (neuter nominative)
die (nominative plural)
dessen (genitive masculine)
deren (feminine genitive)
derer (feminine genitive)
dessen (genitive neuter)
deren (genitive plural)
derer (genitive plural)
dem (dative masculine)
der (dative feminine)
dem (dative neuter)
denen (dative plural)
den (accusative masculine)
die (accusative feminine)
das (accusative neuter)
die (accusative plural)

From Middle High German dër, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English sē where the same process occurred.

Ich kenne einen Mann, der das kann.


der

dative feminine singular of der: (to) whom, which, that


der

Der Mann war es!

Der hat es getan!

Der mit dem Mantel


der

dative feminine singular of der: (to) that, (to) her


der

ich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
eich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
-ich (enclitic first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
m'r (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
du (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
Dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
-du (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-de (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-Dau (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-De (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
Deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deer (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
der (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
d'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
D'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
er (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
där (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-er (enclitic masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sie (feminine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
die (feminine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-se (enclitic feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ihns (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
eer (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ehr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
es (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
das (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
't (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
's (enclitic neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
-et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
-'t (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
meer (first-person nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
mer (enclitic first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
uns (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
uhs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
deer (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Ehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Dehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
der (enclitic nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eich (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
Auch (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
sie (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
die (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-se (enclitic nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
denne (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person unstressed)


der

ech (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular stressed)
mech (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (first-person personal pronoun reflexive singular)
du (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
de (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
dech (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
dir (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
der (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (informal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
Dir (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Der (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (formal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
hien (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hien (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
him (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (masculine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
si (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
si (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hir (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
er (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (feminine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
hatt (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
hatt (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
him (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (neuter personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun stressed)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun unstressed)
eis (ons) (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (first-person personal plural pronoun reflexive)
dir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
der (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (dative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
si (nominative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
si (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hinnen (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
en (dative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
sech (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)