ऊ

ū (romanization)
म (nominative singular)
हामी (nominative singular)
हामीहरू (nominative plural)
मैले (instrumental singular)
हामीले (instrumental singular)
हामीहरूले (instrumental plural)
मलाई (accusative singular)
हामीलाई (accusative singular)
हामीहरूलाई (accusative plural)
मेरो (genitive singular)
हाम्रो (genitive singular)
हामीहरूको (genitive plural)
ममा (locative singular)
हामीमा (locative singular)
हामीहरूमा (locative plural)
तँ (impolite nominative singular)
तिमी (nominative polite singular)
तपाईं (deferential nominative singular)
तिमीहरू (impolite nominative plural polite)
तपाईंहरू (deferential nominative plural)
तैँले (impolite instrumental singular)
तिमीले (instrumental polite singular)
तपाईंले (deferential instrumental singular)
तिमीहरूले (impolite instrumental plural polite)
तपाईंहरूले (deferential instrumental plural)
तँलाई (accusative impolite singular)
तिमीलाई (accusative polite singular)
तपाईंलाई (accusative deferential singular)
तिमीहरूलाई (accusative impolite plural polite)
तपाईंहरूलाई (accusative deferential plural)
तेरो (genitive impolite singular)
तिम्रो (genitive polite singular)
तपाईंको (deferential genitive singular)
तिमीहरूको (genitive impolite plural polite)
तपाईंहरूको (deferential genitive plural)
तँमा (impolite locative singular)
तिमीमा (locative polite singular)
तपाईंमा (deferential locative singular)
तिमीहरूमा (impolite locative plural polite)
तपाईंहरूमा (deferential locative plural)
यो (impolite nominative polite singular)
त्यो (impolite nominative polite singular)
ऊ (impolite nominative polite singular)
यहाँ (deferential nominative singular)
वहाँ (deferential nominative singular)
यिनीहरु (impolite nominative plural polite)
तिनीहरु (impolite nominative plural polite)
उनीहरू (impolite nominative plural polite)
यहाँहरू (deferential nominative plural)
वहाँहरू (deferential nominative plural)
यसले (impolite instrumental polite singular)
त्यसले (impolite instrumental polite singular)
उसले (impolite instrumental polite singular)
यहाँले (deferential instrumental singular)
वहाँले (deferential instrumental singular)
यिनीहरुले (impolite instrumental plural polite)
तिनीहरुले (impolite instrumental plural polite)
उनीहरूले (impolite instrumental plural polite)
यहाँहरूले (deferential instrumental plural)
वहाँहरूले (deferential instrumental plural)
यसलाई (accusative impolite polite singular)
त्यसलाई (accusative impolite polite singular)
उसलाई (accusative impolite polite singular)
यहाँलाई (accusative deferential singular)
वहाँलाई (accusative deferential singular)
यिनीहरुलाई (accusative impolite plural polite)
तिनीहरुलाई (accusative impolite plural polite)
उनीहरूलाई (accusative impolite plural polite)
यहाँहरूलाई (accusative deferential plural)
वहाँहरूलाई (accusative deferential plural)
यसको (genitive impolite polite singular)
त्यसको (genitive impolite polite singular)
उसको (genitive impolite polite singular)
यहाँको (deferential genitive singular)
वहाँको (deferential genitive singular)
यिनीहरुको (genitive impolite plural polite)
तिनीहरुको (genitive impolite plural polite)
उनीहरूको (genitive impolite plural polite)
यहाँहरूको (deferential genitive plural)
वहाँहरूको (deferential genitive plural)
यसमा (impolite locative polite singular)
त्यसमा (impolite locative polite singular)
उसमा (impolite locative polite singular)
यहाँमा (deferential locative singular)
वहाँमा (deferential locative singular)
यिनीहरुमा (impolite locative plural polite)
तिनीहरुमा (impolite locative plural polite)
उनीहरूमा (impolite locative plural polite)
यहाँहरूमा (deferential locative plural)
वहाँहरूमा (deferential locative plural)
को (nominative singular)
जो (nominative singular)
के (nominative singular)
को को (nominative plural)
जो जो (nominative plural)
के के (nominative plural)
कसले (instrumental singular)
जसले (instrumental singular)
केले (instrumental singular)
कसकसले (instrumental plural)
जसजसले (instrumental plural)
कसलाई (accusative singular)
जसलाई (accusative singular)
केलाई (accusative singular)
कसकसलाई (accusative plural)
जसजसलाई (accusative plural)
कसको (genitive singular)
जसको (genitive singular)
केको (genitive singular)
कसकसको (genitive plural)
जसजसको (genitive plural)
कसमा (locative singular)
जसमा (locative singular)
केमा (locative singular)
कसकसमा (locative plural)
जसजसमा (locative plural)
कोही (nominative singular)
केही (nominative singular)
कोही कोही (nominative plural)
केही केही (nominative plural)
कसैले (instrumental singular)
कसकसैले (instrumental plural)
कसैलाई (accusative singular)
कसैकसैलाई (accusative plural)
कसैको (genitive singular)
कसैकसैको (genitive plural)
कसैमा (locative singular)
कसैकसैमा (locative plural)

he, she (animate third-person singular pronoun, low/mid respect)


म

ma (romanization)
म (nominative singular)
हामी (nominative singular)
हामीहरू (nominative plural)
मैले (instrumental singular)
हामीले (instrumental singular)
हामीहरूले (instrumental plural)
मलाई (accusative singular)
हामीलाई (accusative singular)
हामीहरूलाई (accusative plural)
मेरो (genitive singular)
हाम्रो (genitive singular)
हामीहरूको (genitive plural)
ममा (locative singular)
हामीमा (locative singular)
हामीहरूमा (locative plural)
तँ (impolite nominative singular)
तिमी (nominative polite singular)
तपाईं (deferential nominative singular)
तिमीहरू (impolite nominative plural polite)
तपाईंहरू (deferential nominative plural)
तैँले (impolite instrumental singular)
तिमीले (instrumental polite singular)
तपाईंले (deferential instrumental singular)
तिमीहरूले (impolite instrumental plural polite)
तपाईंहरूले (deferential instrumental plural)
तँलाई (accusative impolite singular)
तिमीलाई (accusative polite singular)
तपाईंलाई (accusative deferential singular)
तिमीहरूलाई (accusative impolite plural polite)
तपाईंहरूलाई (accusative deferential plural)
तेरो (genitive impolite singular)
तिम्रो (genitive polite singular)
तपाईंको (deferential genitive singular)
तिमीहरूको (genitive impolite plural polite)
तपाईंहरूको (deferential genitive plural)
तँमा (impolite locative singular)
तिमीमा (locative polite singular)
तपाईंमा (deferential locative singular)
तिमीहरूमा (impolite locative plural polite)
तपाईंहरूमा (deferential locative plural)
यो (impolite nominative polite singular)
त्यो (impolite nominative polite singular)
ऊ (impolite nominative polite singular)
यहाँ (deferential nominative singular)
वहाँ (deferential nominative singular)
यिनीहरु (impolite nominative plural polite)
तिनीहरु (impolite nominative plural polite)
उनीहरू (impolite nominative plural polite)
यहाँहरू (deferential nominative plural)
वहाँहरू (deferential nominative plural)
यसले (impolite instrumental polite singular)
त्यसले (impolite instrumental polite singular)
उसले (impolite instrumental polite singular)
यहाँले (deferential instrumental singular)
वहाँले (deferential instrumental singular)
यिनीहरुले (impolite instrumental plural polite)
तिनीहरुले (impolite instrumental plural polite)
उनीहरूले (impolite instrumental plural polite)
यहाँहरूले (deferential instrumental plural)
वहाँहरूले (deferential instrumental plural)
यसलाई (accusative impolite polite singular)
त्यसलाई (accusative impolite polite singular)
उसलाई (accusative impolite polite singular)
यहाँलाई (accusative deferential singular)
वहाँलाई (accusative deferential singular)
यिनीहरुलाई (accusative impolite plural polite)
तिनीहरुलाई (accusative impolite plural polite)
उनीहरूलाई (accusative impolite plural polite)
यहाँहरूलाई (accusative deferential plural)
वहाँहरूलाई (accusative deferential plural)
यसको (genitive impolite polite singular)
त्यसको (genitive impolite polite singular)
उसको (genitive impolite polite singular)
यहाँको (deferential genitive singular)
वहाँको (deferential genitive singular)
यिनीहरुको (genitive impolite plural polite)
तिनीहरुको (genitive impolite plural polite)
उनीहरूको (genitive impolite plural polite)
यहाँहरूको (deferential genitive plural)
वहाँहरूको (deferential genitive plural)
यसमा (impolite locative polite singular)
त्यसमा (impolite locative polite singular)
उसमा (impolite locative polite singular)
यहाँमा (deferential locative singular)
वहाँमा (deferential locative singular)
यिनीहरुमा (impolite locative plural polite)
तिनीहरुमा (impolite locative plural polite)
उनीहरूमा (impolite locative plural polite)
यहाँहरूमा (deferential locative plural)
वहाँहरूमा (deferential locative plural)
को (nominative singular)
जो (nominative singular)
के (nominative singular)
को को (nominative plural)
जो जो (nominative plural)
के के (nominative plural)
कसले (instrumental singular)
जसले (instrumental singular)
केले (instrumental singular)
कसकसले (instrumental plural)
जसजसले (instrumental plural)
कसलाई (accusative singular)
जसलाई (accusative singular)
केलाई (accusative singular)
कसकसलाई (accusative plural)
जसजसलाई (accusative plural)
कसको (genitive singular)
जसको (genitive singular)
केको (genitive singular)
कसकसको (genitive plural)
जसजसको (genitive plural)
कसमा (locative singular)
जसमा (locative singular)
केमा (locative singular)
कसकसमा (locative plural)
जसजसमा (locative plural)
कोही (nominative singular)
केही (nominative singular)
कोही कोही (nominative plural)
केही केही (nominative plural)
कसैले (instrumental singular)
कसकसैले (instrumental plural)
कसैलाई (accusative singular)
कसैकसैलाई (accusative plural)
कसैको (genitive singular)
कसैकसैको (genitive plural)
कसैमा (locative singular)
कसैकसैमा (locative plural)


子

Chinese language
Man'yōshū
Middle Chinese language

From Middle Chinese 子 (MC tsiX), also used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨si⟩. Compare modern Mandarin 子 (zǐ).
The goon reading of shi is likely the original borrowing:
: /t͡sɨ/ → /sɨ/ → */ɕɨ/ → /ɕi/
The tōon reading su appears later, and only shows up in certain set terms borrowed from Chinese, where it seems to serve as a kind of nominalizing suffix:
: /t͡sɨ/ → /sɨ/ → */sʉ/ → /su/

(archaic) second-person pronoun: you (of one's equals)


汝

汝 (canonical)
nanji (romanization)
nandi (romanization)
なんぢ (hiragana historical)

/na mut͡ɕi/ → /namʉd͡ʑi/ → /nand͡ʑi/
Originally a compound of 汝 (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 3 below) + 貴 (muchi, “noble”).
Also written as なむぢ (namuji) in older texts, since the namuchi, namuji, and nanji readings likely existed in free variation until the development of the ん (n) grapheme.

compound

second-person singular
second-person singular

(archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou


汝

From Old Japanese.
Derived from 汝 (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 3 below) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix).

suffix

(archaic, obsolete) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou


汝

From Old Japanese.
Possibly cognate with second-person singular informal pronoun Korean 너 (neo).

(archaic, obsolete; or Tsugaru, Niigata) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou


汝

Sound shift from reflexive pronoun 己 (ono), Old Japanese 己 (ono₂).

(vulgar or Yamagata) second-person pronoun: you

(derogatory) first- or third-person reflexive pronoun: me, myself, himself, herself, itself, oneself


汝

⟨si⟩ → /ɕi/ → /ɕa/
Shift from Old Japanese 汝 (si) of the same meaning.


汝

The nominalization of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, “to be”, honorific).
Possibly also analyzable as a compound of 汝 (i-, a rare Old Japanese second person singular pronoun) + 坐 (mashi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of honorific verb 坐す masu, “to be”).

prefix

(honorific, archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou


汝

Japanese: 汝 (na)

Originally a first person pronoun. Later became a second person pronoun, as is often seen in Japanese. Compare Old Korean 나 (na). Also found in some instances as a self-reference, one, oneself. This sense is more commonly spelled 己 when used in isolation.

劍太刀

turugi1-tati, pillow word that can allude to na

first-person singular
first-person singular

third-person reflexive pronoun: one, oneself, itself


汝

Japanese: 汝 (nare)

From 汝 (na, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 1 above) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix).


汝

Japanese: 汝 (sha)

Cognate with 其 (si, third-person pronoun) and 己 (si, reflexive pronoun).


汝

Japanese: 汝 (imashi)

The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, “to be”).
Alternatively, analyzable as a compound of 汝 (i, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 6 below) + 坐し (masi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of honorific verb 坐す (masu), “to be”).

com

(honorific) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou


汝

The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of honorific verb 坐す (masu, “to be”).
Alternatively, a shortening of imasi (see Etymology 3 above).


汝

Compound of 御 (mi₁-, honorific prefix) + 汝 (masi, second person singular pronoun, see Etymology 4 above).


汝

Possibly a borrowing from Old Korean, compare modern Korean 이 (i, “this person”).

(rare, possibly derogatory) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou


正

first person singular
first person singular

生: (humble) I or me, the first person singular (used by males)


碎

(formal in all dialects) I/me (used in formal contexts, regardless of the difference in status between the speakers)


爾

Daijisen
Extended shinjitai
Heian period
ja:松村明

From Old Japanese, found in use mostly from ancient times until roughly the Heian period, used to refer in the second person to social inferiors or to insult.
The second person sense of you appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.

(archaic, vulgar) second person pronoun: you


爾

Japanese: 爾, 儞 (ore)


las

head

las f pl (feminine plural las, masculine singular lo, masculine plural los)

las (feminine plural)
lo (masculine singular)
los (masculine plural)

From Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.

Alternative form of la (“the”, feminine plural)


las

Alternative form of la (“them”, feminine plural)


las

las (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لس)


las

Alternative form of as (third-person feminine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic and mesoclitic following a verb form ending in a consonant (-z, -r and -s, but not -m); the consonant is elided and the preceding vowel takes an accent if necessary


las

accusative of ellas and ustedes (when referring to more than one woman); them, you all (formal)

ellas and ustedes

las que no hablan


的

From Middle Chinese 的 (tek, literally “mark in a target”, also meaning “bright”).

der

(archaic, chiefly Kansai, somewhat derogatory) he, she, it, that one

(archaic, chiefly Kansai, somewhat derogatory) you


wir

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
-e (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ihr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun)
Ihr (nominative personal pronoun)
meiner (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
mein (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
deiner (genitive personal pronoun singular)
dein (genitive personal pronoun singular)
seiner (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihrer (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
seiner (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
unser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
ihrer (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihrer (genitive personal pronoun)
Euer (genitive personal pronoun)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (dative personal plural pronoun)
ihnen (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihnen (dative personal pronoun)
Euch (dative personal pronoun)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun)
Euch (accusative personal pronoun)

From Middle High German wir, from Old High German wir, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ. Compare Low German wi, Dutch wij, English we, Danish vi, Icelandic vér, Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (weis).


wir

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: biar, bar (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: biar

German: wir

From Old High German wir, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, *wiz.


wir

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: biar, bar (Sette Comuni)

Mòcheno: biar

German: wir

From Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, *wiz.


quest

head

quest m (feminine singular questa, masculine plural quest or quescc, feminine plural quest or queste or questi)

questa (feminine singular)
quest (masculine plural)
quescc (masculine plural)
quest (feminine plural)
queste (feminine plural)
questi (feminine plural)


quest

From Vulgar Latin *eccu istu, from Latin eccum istum. Compare Italian questo.

Quest l'è un mond zneno, e nost mond.

Questa l'è una cittadina bela.


quest

From Vulgar Latin *eccum iste, from Latin eccum + iste. Compare Italian questo.


aha

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *afa. Cognates include Maori aha and Rapa Nui aha.

He aha kēlā?


aha

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *afa, from Proto-Oceanic *apa, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *apa, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apa.


aha

From Proto-Polynesian *hafa. Cognates include Hawaiian aha and Maori aha.


私

Daijisen
Edo period
Muromachi period
ja:松村明

Shift from watakushi below.
This reading was already prevalent in early modern times, possibly around the mid-late Muromachi to early-Edo period.

私はイギリス人です。

(polite) first-person singular pronoun: I, me


私

[β̞a̠ta̠kɯ̟̊ɕi]

From Old Japanese 私 (watakusi).
A surface analysis suggests a compound term. However, no likely etyma are known.
* From first-person pronoun 我 (wa, “I, me”) + takusi: although the first element seems likely, the original meaning of watakushi was “private”, as opposed to “public”, with no first-person pronoun usage until the late 13th century.
* From wata + kusi: the only phonetic matches are 綿 (wata, “cotton; cotton batting”), 腸 (wata, “guts, one's innards”, likely derived from the “batting” sense), 海 (wata, “sea, ocean”) + 串 (kusi, “skewer”), 奇し (kusi, “magic, fantastic, supernatural”, adjective), 酒 (kusi, “alcoholic beverage”, likely derived from the “magic” sense), 櫛 (kusi, “comb”).
* From wataku + si: no such word wataku appears to exist.
* From wa + ta + ku + si: unknown.
The meaning evolved over time from “private” or “privatization”, to refer to things that are personal, to refer to one's own person, and then finally to serve as a generic first-person pronoun. The full form watakushi is still used in modern Japanese as a formal, highly polite first-person pronoun. The abbreviated form watashi is now the most common and neutrally polite first-person pronoun.

(formal) first-person singular pronoun: I, me


hey

hey (comparative heyer, superlative heyest)

heyer (comparative)
heyest (superlative)


kata

(archaic, now dialectal) we (inclusive of the person spoken to)


ah

ah (personal pronoun, plural we, possessive adjective mah)

mid-1400s Old Frankish (replacing English la).

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling#English

Pronunciation spelling of I, most often indicating that the speaker is using a Scottish or American (particularly Southern) accent.


ah

áh (canonical)
áh (absolutive)
áha (predicative)
áh (subjective)
ahtí (genitive)
áhal (l-case with-postposition)
áhak (k-case with-postposition)
áhat (t-case with-postposition)
áhah (h-case with-postposition)


翁

翁 (canonical)
ō (romanization)
wou (romanization)
をう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 翁 (MC 'uwng).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.


臣

From Middle Chinese 臣 (MC dzyin).
Compare modern Mandarin 臣 (chén).

(humble, historical or archaic) I, me; your servant (humble pronoun, especially when speaking to a monarch)


bath

(Northern) Alternative form of bothe (“both”)


蒙

ja-pos

蒙(もう) • (mō)

蒙窃採古今之変化、察安危之来由、覆而無外天之徳也。

humble first-person personal pronoun; I, me


jag

jag (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mig (first-person oblique personal pronoun singular)
mej (colloquial first-person oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling singular)
min (first-person personal possessed-common possessive pronoun singular)
mitt (first-person personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular)
mina (first-person personal possessed-many possessive pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dig (oblique personal pronoun second-person singular)
dej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling second-person singular)
din (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ditt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person singular)
dina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person singular)
han (masculine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
honom (masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
han (informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (dialectal informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hans (masculine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
henne (feminine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hennes (feminine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
henom (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
hens (gender-neutral neologism personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (common-gender personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (neuter personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
man (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
ens (indefinite personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sig (oblique personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive singular third-person)
sin (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sitt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
vi (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
oss (first-person oblique personal plural pronoun)
vår (first-person personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
våran (first-person informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
vårt (first-person personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
vårat (first-person informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
våra (first-person personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun)
ni (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eran (informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
ers (formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
ert (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
erat (informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
era (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
I (archaic nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eders (archaic formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
edert (archaic personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
edra (archaic personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
de (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial nominative personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
dem (oblique personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
deras (personal plural possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun third-person)
sig (oblique personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive third-person)
sin (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sitt (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sina (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)

From Old Swedish iak, jæk, from Old Norse jak (compare Old West Norse ek), from Proto-Norse ᛖᚲ (ek), from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Jag läser en bok.

Bara du och jag.

Det finns bara en av mig och det är jag. Det finns bara en av dig och det är du. Det finns bara två av oss, och det är vi.
There is only one of me and that is I. There is only one of you [object] and that is you [subject]. There are only two of us, and that is us [we – subject]. [Swedish has some of the same subject/object fuzziness as English, but a standalone "Det är " idiomatically (through intuition rather than being taught) uses the subject form]

1981, X Models (lyrics and music), “Två av oss [Two of us]”


ha

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia. Cognates include Indonesian ia and Hawaiian ia.


ha

Ha na-efe Chukwu.


ha

(chiefly eastern Southern dialectal) Alternative form of he (“he”)


ha

-ha (canonical)
oha (singular)
baha (plural)
guha (singular)
eha (plural)
liha (singular)
gaha (plural)
kiha (singular)
biha (plural)
eha (singular)
ziha (plural)
ruha (singular)
kaha (singular)
buha (plural)
tuha (plural)
buha (singular)
kuha (singular)
aha (class-16 singular)


ha

Proto-Semitic:

Arabic: هَا (hā, “behold, look, lo!”)


obi

Ramenolös vabi, plidö! ad blinön obi lü stajon!

1931, Arie de Jong, Gramat Volapüka, § 256

Call a cab, please, to take me to the station.

Äsagom obe, das övisitom obi.

1940, “Pro yunanef Nedänik”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 38


處

Attested in the Book of Song as the Early Middle Chinese transcription 處 (tsyho^X), in the fragment 處可寒 (*čʰo qaɣan, “you khagan”), and cognate with Proto-Mongolic *ci (“you”).


sei

head

sei m sg (feminine súa, masculine plural seis, feminine plural súas)

súa (feminine)
seis (masculine plural)
súas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese *sei, from Latin suus (“his, her, its”), from Proto-Indo-European *swoyos.

Determiner forms used in Lagarteiru before a noun

Third-person singular possessive pronoun; his, hers, its

Third-person plural possessive pronoun; theirs


sei

se

more common in the western dialects, though still found in Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian and Low Prussian alongside sei

(Low Prussian) Sei ös Anke.

(in some dialects, including, Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian and Low Prussian, personal) Alternative form of se (she - third person singular feminine pronoun)


sei

(in some dialects, including, Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian and Low Prussian, personal) Alternative form of se (they - third person plural pronoun)


sei

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
ir (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (personal pronoun singular third-person)
sei (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.


uno

From Latin ūnus, from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.

Sono uno a cui piace alzarsi presto.

I’m someone who likes getting up early or I’m a person who likes getting up early.

Ci hanno messo gli uni contro gli altri.


uno

uno (plural unos, feminine una, feminine plural unas)

unos (plural)
una (feminine)
unas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one, single”). Cognates include Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), French un, Russian один (odin).


uno

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anu, from Proto-Austronesian *(na-)nu.


conmigo

From Spanish conmigo, from Latin cum + mecum.


生

From Middle Chinese 生 (MC sraeng|sraengH, “alive; fresh; raw; unprocessed”). The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

ltc-l

(humble) I or me, the first person singular (used by males)


ham

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami. Cognates include Indonesian kami and Tagalog kami.


ham

Older hannem, from Old Norse hǫnum, the dative of hann (“he”). Compare Swedish honom.


ham

Ham khelegaa!

I (1st person singular personal pronoun)


ham

c1225, Þe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene, ed. S. T. R. O. d'Ardenne, pp. 3-71.
[Juliana] custe ham coss os peis [Roy: acos of pes] alle as ha stoden.

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of him (“him”)


ham

him third-person singular, masculine, objective

it third-person singular, neuter, objective


ham

Ich drowe ham.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY


誰

/tare/ → /dare/
From earlier tare.
The dare form appears from around the Edo period. The voicing of the initial /t-/ to /d-/ is likely by analogy with other interrogative demonstratives 何れ (dore, “which one”), 何処 (doko, “where”).
Now the primary form, replacing earlier tare.

誰が誰を作ったのか

お前は…誰だ？俺は どうしてここに来た？あいつに…あいつに会うために来た。助けるために来た。生きていてほしかった。誰だ？誰？誰に会いに来た？大事な人、忘れたくない人、忘れちゃダメな人！誰だ？誰だ？誰だ…誰だ⁉名前は⁉

2016, Makoto Shinkai, director, 君の名は。 [your name.], spoken by Taki Tachibana (Ryūnosuke Kamiki), Toho

Who… are you? Why did I come here? To see her… I came to see her. I came to save her. I wanted her to live. Who was it? Who? Who did I come to see? Someone dear to me, someone I don't wanna forget, someone I must not forget! Who was it? Who was it? Who was it… Who⁉ What's your name⁉

O-mae wa… dare da? Ore wa dōshite koko ni kita? Aitsu ni… Aitsu ni au tame ni kita. Tasukeru tame ni kita. Ikite ite hoshikatta. Dare da? Dare da? Dare ni ai ni kita? Daiji na hito, wasuretakunai hito, wasurecha dame na hito! Dare da? Dare da? Dare da… Dare da⁉ Namae wa⁉

誰？誰？あの人は誰？大事な人、忘れちゃダメな人、忘れたくなかった人！誰？誰？君は誰？君の名前は⁉

2016, Makoto Shinkai, director, 君の名は。 [your name.], spoken by Mitsuha Miyamizu (Mone Kamishiraishi), Toho

Who was it? Who? Who was he? Someone I hold dear, someone I must not forget, someone I did not want to forget! Who was he? Who? Who are you? What is your name⁉

Dare? Dare? Ano hito wa dare? Daiji na hito, wasurecha dame na hito, wasuretakunakatta hito! Dare? Dare? Kimi wa dare? Kimi no namae wa⁉

interrogative personal pronoun: who, whom


誰

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE) alongside its older form ta (see below).
Derived from older 誰 (ta, “who”) + れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending). Compare the formation of これ (kore, “this”) from 此 (ko, “this”) + れ, 彼 (kare, “that one, that person”) from 彼 (ka, “that”) + れ (re), etc.
Superseded by dare above starting from around the Edo period. The tare form does not appear to be used anymore outside of poetry or intentionally archaic text.

(archaic) interrogative personal pronoun: who, whom


誰

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, completed roughly 712 CE.
Appears to be the oldest form.

(obsolete, persists in some fossilized expressions) interrogative personal pronoun: who, whom


hl

I (1st person singular personal pronoun, weak-A)


con

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-con.wav

From Middle Vietnamese con, from Proto-Vietic *kɔːn, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuun ~ *kuən. Cognate with Muong còn, Thavung กอน, Mon ကွေန် (kon), Khmer កូន (koun), Bahnar kon, Khasi khun, Central Nicobarese kōan. For semantic relations, compare Chinese 子 (“child; small thing; son”), Japanese 子 (shi, ko, “child; small thing; son; boy; girl”). See also non (“young, juvenile”), which is from an infixed form of the root.
Attested in the Annan Jishi (安南即事, 13th century) as 乾 (MC kan).

ncog

I/me (used by children when talking to their parents)

(chiefly Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam) I/me (used when talking to someone significantly older than the speaker)

you (used by parents when talking to their children)

Là con thật!

(chiefly Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam) you (used when talking to some significantly younger than the speaker)


eta

eso (nominative singular)
esa (nominative singular)
ete (nominative plural)
etaṃ (accusative singular)
ete (accusative plural)
etena (instrumental singular)
etehi (instrumental plural)
etebhi (instrumental plural)
etassa (dative singular)
etesaṃ (dative plural)
etesānaṃ (dative plural)
etasmā (ablative singular)
etamhā (ablative singular)
etehi (ablative plural)
etebhi (ablative plural)
etassa (genitive singular)
etesaṃ (genitive plural)
etesānaṃ (genitive plural)
etasmiṃ (locative singular)
etamhi (locative singular)
etesu (locative plural)


eta

etaṃ (nominative singular)
etad (nominative singular)
etāni (nominative plural)
etaṃ (accusative singular)
etad (accusative singular)
etāni (accusative plural)
etena (instrumental singular)
etehi (instrumental plural)
etebhi (instrumental plural)
etassa (dative singular)
etesaṃ (dative plural)
etesānaṃ (dative plural)
etasmā (ablative singular)
etamhā (ablative singular)
etehi (ablative plural)
etebhi (ablative plural)
etassa (genitive singular)
etesaṃ (genitive plural)
etesānaṃ (genitive plural)
etasmiṃ (locative singular)
etamhi (locative singular)
etesu (locative plural)


ni

head

ni (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)

and reflexive form of noi (accusative unstressed)

From Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare Romanian ne (older form nă).


ni

ni (unstressed dative and reflexive form of noi)

and reflexive form of noi (dative unstressed)

(indirect object, first-person plural) (to) us


ni

ni (absolutive first-person singular)
hi (absolutive second-person singular)
zu (absolutive second-person singular)
gu (absolutive first-person plural)
zuek (absolutive plural second-person)
nik (ergative first-person singular)
hik (ergative second-person singular)
zuk (ergative second-person singular)
guk (ergative first-person plural)
zuek (ergative plural second-person)
niri (dative first-person singular)
hiri (dative second-person singular)
zuri (dative second-person singular)
guri (dative first-person plural)
zuei (dative plural second-person)
nire (first-person genitive singular)
ene (first-person genitive singular)
hire (genitive second-person singular)
zure (genitive second-person singular)
gure (first-person genitive plural)
zuen (genitive plural second-person)
nirekin (comitative first-person singular)
enekin (comitative first-person singular)
hirekin (comitative second-person singular)
zurekin (comitative second-person singular)
gurekin (comitative first-person plural)
zuekin (comitative plural second-person)
nigatik (causative first-person singular)
niregatik (causative first-person singular)
enegatik (causative first-person singular)
higatik (causative second-person singular)
hiregatik (causative second-person singular)
zugatik (causative second-person singular)
zuregatik (causative second-person singular)
gugatik (causative first-person plural)
guregatik (causative first-person plural)
zuengatik (causative plural second-person)
niretzat (benefactive first-person singular)
niretako (benefactive first-person singular)
enetzat (benefactive first-person singular)
enetako (benefactive first-person singular)
hiretzat (benefactive second-person singular)
hiretako (benefactive second-person singular)
zuretzat (benefactive second-person singular)
zuretako (benefactive second-person singular)
guretzat (benefactive first-person plural)
guretako (benefactive first-person plural)
zuentzat (benefactive plural second-person)
zuendako (benefactive plural second-person)
nitaz (first-person instrumental singular)
hitaz (instrumental second-person singular)
zutaz (instrumental second-person singular)
gutaz (first-person instrumental plural)
zuetaz (instrumental plural second-person)
nigan (first-person inessive singular)
niregan (first-person inessive singular)
nire baitan (first-person inessive singular)
nitan (first-person inessive singular)
enegan (first-person inessive singular)
ene baitan (first-person inessive singular)
higan (inessive second-person singular)
hiregan (inessive second-person singular)
hire baitan (inessive second-person singular)
hitan (inessive second-person singular)
zugan (inessive second-person singular)
zuregan (inessive second-person singular)
zure baitan (inessive second-person singular)
zutan (inessive second-person singular)
gugan (first-person inessive plural)
guregan (first-person inessive plural)
gure baitan (first-person inessive plural)
gutan (first-person inessive plural)
zuengan (inessive plural second-person)
zuen baitan (inessive plural second-person)
zuetan (inessive plural second-person)
nire baitako (first-person locative singular)
ene baitako (first-person locative singular)
hire baitako (locative second-person singular)
gu baitako (locative second-person singular)
gure baitako (locative second-person singular)
zu baitako (first-person locative plural)
zure baitako (first-person locative plural)
zuen baitako (locative plural second-person)
niregana (allative first-person singular)
nireganat (allative first-person singular)
nire baitara (allative first-person singular)
nire baitarat (allative first-person singular)
enegana (allative first-person singular)
eneganat (allative first-person singular)
ene baitara (allative first-person singular)
ene baitarat (allative first-person singular)
hiregana (allative second-person singular)
hireganat (allative second-person singular)
hire baitara (allative second-person singular)
hire baitarat (allative second-person singular)
zugana (allative second-person singular)
zuregana (allative second-person singular)
zuganat (allative second-person singular)
zureganat (allative second-person singular)
zu baitara (allative second-person singular)
zure baitara (allative second-person singular)
zu baitarat (allative second-person singular)
zure baitarat (allative second-person singular)
gugana (allative first-person plural)
guregana (allative first-person plural)
guganat (allative first-person plural)
gureganat (allative first-person plural)
gu baitara (allative first-person plural)
gure baitara (allative first-person plural)
gu baitarat (allative first-person plural)
gure baitarat (allative first-person plural)
zuengana (allative plural second-person)
zuenganat (allative plural second-person)
zuen baitara (allative plural second-person)
zuen baitarat (allative plural second-person)
nireganaino (first-person singular terminative)
nire baitaraino (first-person singular terminative)
eneganaino (first-person singular terminative)
higanaino (second-person singular terminative)
hireganaino (second-person singular terminative)
hire baitaraino (second-person singular terminative)
zuganaino (second-person singular terminative)
zureganaino (second-person singular terminative)
zu baitaraino (second-person singular terminative)
zure baitaraino (second-person singular terminative)
guganaino (first-person plural terminative)
gureganaino (first-person plural terminative)
gu baitaraino (first-person plural terminative)
gure baitaraino (first-person plural terminative)
zuenganaino (plural second-person terminative)
zuen baitaraino (plural second-person terminative)
niganantz (directive first-person singular)
nireganantz (directive first-person singular)
eneganantz (directive first-person singular)
higanantz (directive second-person singular)
hireganantz (directive second-person singular)
zuganantz (directive second-person singular)
zureganantz (directive second-person singular)
guganantz (directive first-person plural)
gureganantz (directive first-person plural)
zuenganantz (directive plural second-person)
niganako (destinative first-person singular)
nireganako (destinative first-person singular)
eneganako (destinative first-person singular)
higanako (destinative second-person singular)
hireganako (destinative second-person singular)
zuganako (destinative second-person singular)
zureganako (destinative second-person singular)
guganako (destinative first-person plural)
gureganako (destinative first-person plural)
zuenganako (destinative plural second-person)
nireganik (ablative first-person singular)
niregandik (ablative first-person singular)
nire baitatik (ablative first-person singular)
nire baitarik (ablative first-person singular)
eneganik (ablative first-person singular)
enegandik (ablative first-person singular)
ene baitatik (ablative first-person singular)
ene baitarik (ablative first-person singular)
higanik (ablative second-person singular)
hireganik (ablative second-person singular)
higandik (ablative second-person singular)
hiregandik (ablative second-person singular)
hire baitatik (ablative second-person singular)
hire baitarik (ablative second-person singular)
zuganik (ablative second-person singular)
zureganik (ablative second-person singular)
zugandik (ablative second-person singular)
zuregandik (ablative second-person singular)
zu baitatik (ablative second-person singular)
zu baitarik (ablative second-person singular)
zure baitatik (ablative second-person singular)
zure baitarik (ablative second-person singular)
guganik (ablative first-person plural)
gureganik (ablative first-person plural)
gugandik (ablative first-person plural)
guregandik (ablative first-person plural)
gu baitatik (ablative first-person plural)
gu baitarik (ablative first-person plural)
gure baitatik (ablative first-person plural)
gure baitarik (ablative first-person plural)
zuenganik (ablative plural second-person)
zuengandik (ablative plural second-person)
zuen baitatik (ablative plural second-person)
zuen baitarik (ablative plural second-person)
neu (absolutive first-person singular)
heu (absolutive second-person singular)
zeu (absolutive second-person singular)
geu (absolutive first-person plural)
zeuek (absolutive plural second-person)
neuk (ergative first-person singular)
heuk (ergative second-person singular)
zeuk (ergative second-person singular)
geuk (ergative first-person plural)
zeuek (ergative plural second-person)
neuri (dative first-person singular)
heuri (dative second-person singular)
zeuri (dative second-person singular)
geuri (dative first-person plural)
zeuei (dative plural second-person)
neure (first-person genitive singular)
heure (genitive second-person singular)
zeure (genitive second-person singular)
geure (first-person genitive plural)
zeuen (genitive plural second-person)
neurekin (comitative first-person singular)
heurekin (comitative second-person singular)
zeurekin (comitative second-person singular)
geurekin (comitative first-person plural)
zeuekin (comitative plural second-person)
neugatik (causative first-person singular)
neuregatik (causative first-person singular)
heugatik (causative second-person singular)
heuregatik (causative second-person singular)
neuretzat (benefactive first-person singular)
neuretako (benefactive first-person singular)
heuretzat (benefactive second-person singular)
heuretako (benefactive second-person singular)
zeuretzat (benefactive second-person singular)
zeuretako (benefactive second-person singular)
geuretzat (benefactive first-person plural)
geuretako (benefactive first-person plural)
zeuentzat (benefactive plural second-person)
zeuendako (benefactive plural second-person)
neutaz (first-person instrumental singular)
heutaz (instrumental second-person singular)
zeutaz (instrumental second-person singular)
geutaz (first-person instrumental plural)
zeuetaz (instrumental plural second-person)
neugan (first-person inessive singular)
heuregan (inessive second-person singular)
heure baitan (inessive second-person singular)
zeugan (inessive second-person singular)
zeuregan (inessive second-person singular)
geugan (first-person inessive plural)
geuregan (first-person inessive plural)
zeuengan (inessive plural second-person)
neure baitako (first-person locative singular)
heure baitako (locative second-person singular)
zeure baitako (locative second-person singular)
geure baitako (first-person locative plural)
zeuen baitako (locative plural second-person)
neuregana (allative first-person singular)
heugana (allative second-person singular)
heuregana (allative second-person singular)
heure baitara (allative second-person singular)
heure baitarat (allative second-person singular)
zeugana (allative second-person singular)
zeuregana (allative second-person singular)
geugana (allative first-person plural)
geuregana (allative first-person plural)
zeuengana (allative plural second-person)
neuregaino (first-person singular terminative)
heuganaino (second-person singular terminative)
heureganaino (second-person singular terminative)
heure baitaraino (second-person singular terminative)
zeuganaino (second-person singular terminative)
zeureganaino (second-person singular terminative)
geuganaino (first-person plural terminative)
geureganaino (first-person plural terminative)
zeuenganaino (plural second-person terminative)
neuganantz (directive first-person singular)
heuganantz (directive second-person singular)
heureganantz (directive second-person singular)
zeuganantz (directive second-person singular)
zeureganantz (directive second-person singular)
geuganantz (directive first-person plural)
geureganantz (directive first-person plural)
zeuenganantz (directive plural second-person)
neureganako (destinative first-person singular)
heuganako (destinative second-person singular)
heureganako (destinative second-person singular)
zeuganako (destinative second-person singular)
zeureganako (destinative second-person singular)
geuganako (destinative first-person plural)
geureganako (destinative first-person plural)
zeuenganako (destinative plural second-person)
neuganik (ablative first-person singular)
neugandik (ablative first-person singular)
heuganik (ablative second-person singular)
heureganik (ablative second-person singular)
heugandik (ablative second-person singular)
heuregandik (ablative second-person singular)
heure baitatik (ablative second-person singular)
heure baitarik (ablative second-person singular)
zeuganik (ablative second-person singular)
zeureganik (ablative second-person singular)
zeugandik (ablative second-person singular)
zeuregandik (ablative second-person singular)
geuganik (ablative first-person plural)
geureganik (ablative first-person plural)
geugandik (ablative first-person plural)
geuregandik (ablative first-person plural)
zeuenganik (ablative plural second-person)
zeuengandik (ablative plural second-person)

Ni errege izan nintzen.

1989, Gorka Aulestia, Basque-English Dictionary, Douglas: William A, page 53

Ni etorri naiz.

2013, Patricio Urquizu Sarasua, Gramática de la lengua vasca, Universidad Nacional de Educación de Distancia, page 154

First-person singular personal pronoun; I


ni

From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.

we (first-person plural personal pronoun)


ni

ni (first-person plural, accusative nin, possessive nia)

From Italian noi, French nous, Spanish nos, Latin nos, plus the i of personal pronouns.

Ni batis lin.

Ni diris al ni.


ni

From Proto-Chadic, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ˀanāku.

mínì (1st person singular indirect object enclitic pronoun)

nì (1st person singular independent object pronoun)

-wá (1st person singular possessive enclitic pronoun)


ni

(personal) we (first-person plural personal pronoun)


ni

Shortened form of ini, from Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

(colloquial) this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)


ni

Shí dóó ni ayóo ałk’is niidlį́.

Díí naaltsoos éí ni.

second person singular possessive pronoun yours


ni

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)


ni

Alternative form of ne (dative of noi): to us


ni

Since 1661, through rebracketing of the 2nd plural verb suffix -(e)n and the older pronoun I ("ye"), e.g. vissten I > visste ni (“did you know”). Compare Icelandic þér and þið which developed similarly.
The Old Swedish ī, īr derives from Old Norse *īʀ (East Norse variant of ér) from Proto-Germanic *jīz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Compare Danish I.

Du är bara en person, men ni där borta är fyra personer

You are just one person, but you/you guys over there are four people

–Ni kan börja med att städa kontoret, fröken Andersson.
–Javisst, Herr Direktör.
–You can start with cleaning the office, miss Andersson.
–Certainly, Mr. Director

you (second-person singular nominative formal) (capitalized Ni, rare in modern use)

(obsolete) title used when addressing a person of lower social rank

Vill ni ha en påse med köpet?

(colloquial, perceived formal, derogatory to some) by some considered a respectful alternative to du (“you”), especially when addressing customers or the elderly

perceived formal; derogatory to some; perceived formal; derogatory to some


ni

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun

following standard West Makian vowel harmony


ni

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


beta

(royal) I, me, my (exclusive use in royalty, subject is either king or queen)


xi

Alternative form of x’ (used before a consonant cluster)


yumipela

The first person plural inclusive, yumipela refers to the speaker, the person(s) being spoken to, and other persons; we, us.


yupela

From English you fellow, that is to say you and the fellows, you all.

The second person, yupela refers to the persons being spoken to; you.


mipela

1992, collected by Mühlhaüsler et al. quoted in Language, Education, and Development: Urban and Rural Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea (Suzanne Romaine, Oxford: 1992)

Na mipela i no save long Tok Pisin tu. Brata bilong mipela ol i go long stesin, orait ol i kisim save long stesin. Ol i kam bek orait ol i tok pisin.

And we didn't know Tok Pisin either. Our brothers went to the station, and then learned new things in the station. Then they returned speaking in creole.

we, us (exclusive, "we but not you"); refers to the speaker and other persons, but does not include the person(s) being spoken to.


mer

ich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
eich (first-person nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular)
-ich (enclitic first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed unstressed)
meer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
m'r (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
du (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
Dau (informal nominative personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
-du (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-de (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-Dau (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
-De (enclitic informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
Deich (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed unstressed)
deer (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
d'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
D'r (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
er (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
där (masculine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-er (enclitic masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sie (feminine nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
-se (enclitic feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ihns (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
eer (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ehr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
es (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
't (neuter nominative personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
's (enclitic neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
-et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
-'t (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
meer (first-person nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
mer (enclitic first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
uns (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
uhs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed unstressed)
deer (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Ehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
Dehr (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
eich (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
Auch (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed unstressed)
sie (nominative personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-se (enclitic nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
denne (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person unstressed)


mer

ech (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular stressed)
mech (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (first-person personal pronoun reflexive singular)
du (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
de (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
dech (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
dir (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
like dat. and acc. (informal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
Dir (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Der (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (formal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
hien (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hien (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
him (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (masculine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
si (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
si (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hir (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
er (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (feminine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
hatt (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
hatt (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
him (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (neuter personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun stressed)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun unstressed)
eis (ons) (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (first-person personal plural pronoun reflexive)
dir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (dative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
si (nominative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
si (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hinnen (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
en (dative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
sech (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)


mer

From Middle High German mir, from Old High German mir, from Proto-Germanic *miz, dative and instrumental of *ek. Cognate with German mir, English me.


mer

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
de (nominative personal pronoun singular)
dihr (nominative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
dihr (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
eich (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ihne (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ne (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihre (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ihne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
eich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)

we, first person plural nominative pronoun.


mer

one, indefinite third person singular nominative pronoun.


yumi

From yu (“you”) + mi (“I”). Cognate with Tok Pisin yumi.

1) Used only as an object of a preposition

a verb. *) Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories

two plural pronouns. **) The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together


yumi

the first person inclusive: the speaker and the person(s) being spoken to: you and I, you and me, we two, us two, we


yumi

the first person dual inclusive: the speaker and the person being spoken to: you and I, you and me, we two, us two, we


遠

遠 (canonical)
ochi (romanization)
woti (romanization)
をち (hiragana historical)

/woti/ → /wot͡ɕi/ → /ot͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese.

(archaic) a time far from the present
the distant past

(archaic) a time far from the present
the far-off future


遠

遠 (canonical)
oto (romanization)
woto (romanization)
をと (hiragana historical)

Daijisen Kyūjitai Shinjitai Tōkyō ja:松村明 Ōsaka

⟨woto₂⟩ → */wotə/ → /woto/ → /oto/
Shift from Old Japanese ochi, ancient woti (see above).


un

From Latin ūnum (“one”), accusative form of ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos. Romance cognates include Occitan un. Also related to English one.


un

Kao un taitai i lepblo-mu?


un

head

un m (feminine une, masculine plural uns, feminine plural unes)

une (feminine)
uns (masculine plural)
unes (feminine plural)

From Old French un, from Latin ūnum, accusative singular of ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


un

I (first-person singular subject pronoun)


un

Vedete ch'io son un che vo [sic] piangendo

c. 1200, Guido Cavalcanti, “Vedete ch'io son un che vo piangendo”, in Rime

(literary) Apocopic form of uno: one (indefinite pronoun)


un

From Latin ūnus, from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.

Ò vìsto un ch'o m'à dæto dêxe éori.


un

From 'yun or 'yon, clipping of iyon, where ⟨'yu⟩ was replaced with English U, read as in the English letter, to shorten it. See also yaon.


un

him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /ũ/)


un

him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /ũ/)

[preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs]


dispela

From English this + -pela (from English fellow).


personne

Louisiana Creole: personne

Inherited from Middle French personne, from Old French persone, presonne, from Latin persona, of unknown, perhaps Etruscan, origin.

comme personne

Il n’y a personne ici.

Qui l’a lu? Personne.

Il n’a parlé avec personne.

Personne ne parle avec lui.

Il le sait mieux que personne.


yu

From English you. Cognate with Tok Pisin yu.


yu

Alternative spelling of you (“2nd person singular subject and object personal pronoun”)


yu

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of yow


mu

Řekni mu, že jím.


mu

Cognates include Mangas mun, Polci mii, Miship mun.


mu

(text messaging, informal) Alternative spelling of -mu.


mu

Shortened form of kamu, from Proto-Malayic *kamu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.

engkau

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


mu

му (Cyrillic)
ȏn (masculine nominative singular)
òna (feminine nominative singular)
òno (neuter nominative singular)
òni (masculine nominative plural)
òne (feminine nominative plural)
òna (neuter nominative plural)
njȅga (genitive masculine singular)
ga (genitive masculine singular)
njȇ (feminine genitive singular)
je (feminine genitive singular)
njȅga (genitive neuter singular)
ga (genitive neuter singular)
njȋh (genitive masculine plural)
ih (genitive masculine plural)
njȋh (feminine genitive plural)
ih (feminine genitive plural)
njȋh (genitive neuter plural)
ih (genitive neuter plural)
njȅmu (dative masculine singular)
mu (dative masculine singular)
njȏj (dative feminine singular)
joj (dative feminine singular)
njȅmu (dative neuter singular)
mu (dative neuter singular)
njȉma (dative masculine plural)
im (dative masculine plural)
njȉma (dative feminine plural)
im (dative feminine plural)
njȉma (dative neuter plural)
im (dative neuter plural)
njȅga (accusative masculine singular)
ga (accusative masculine singular)
nj (accusative masculine singular)
njȗ (accusative feminine singular)
ju (accusative feminine singular)
je (accusative feminine singular)
njȅga (accusative neuter singular)
ga (accusative neuter singular)
nj (accusative neuter singular)
njȋh (accusative masculine plural)
ih (accusative masculine plural)
njȋh (accusative feminine plural)
ih (accusative feminine plural)
njȋh (accusative neuter plural)
ih (accusative neuter plural)
njȅm (locative masculine singular)
njȅmu (locative masculine singular)
njȏj (feminine locative singular)
njȅm (locative neuter singular)
njȅmu (locative neuter singular)
njȉma (locative masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine locative plural)
njȉma (locative neuter plural)
njȋm (instrumental masculine singular)
njíme (instrumental masculine singular)
njȏm (feminine instrumental singular)
njóme (feminine instrumental singular)
njȋm (instrumental neuter singular)
njíme (instrumental neuter singular)
njȉma (instrumental masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine instrumental plural)
njȉma (instrumental neuter plural)

to him (clitic dative singular of ȏn (“he”))

to it (clitic dative singular of òno (“it”))

Gdje mu je auto?

(emphatic, possessive, dative) his, of his (clitic dative singular of ȏn (“he”))

(emphatic, possessive, dative) its, of its (clitic dative singular of òno (“it”))


ta

ta f (masculine tãu, feminine plural tali or tale, masculine plural tãi)

tãu (masculine)
tali (feminine plural)
tale (feminine plural)
tãi (masculine plural)

From Vulgar Latin *ta, from Latin tua, feminine of tuus. Compare Romanian ta.


ta

Linigan ta an kuwarto mo.

by us, of us (including the person spoken to)

Mga pirang lakaw sana an harong ta.


ta

we, us (1st personal plural inclusive short absolutive form)


ta

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita. Doublet of hit.


ta

inflection of ten:
nominative feminine singular

inflection of ten:
nominative/accusative neuter plural


ta

ta (genitive ta, partitive teda, long form tema)

ta (genitive)
teda (partitive)
tema (long-form nominative singular)
ta (nominative short-form singular)
nemad (long-form nominative plural)
nad (nominative plural short-form)
tema (genitive long-form singular)
ta (genitive short-form singular)
nende (genitive long-form plural)
nende (genitive plural short-form)
teda (long-form partitive short-form singular)
neid (long-form partitive plural short-form)
temasse (illative long-form singular)
tasse (illative short-form singular)
nendesse (illative long-form plural)
neisse (illative plural short-form)
temas (inessive long-form singular)
tas (inessive short-form singular)
nendes (inessive long-form plural)
neis (inessive plural short-form)
temast (elative long-form singular)
tast (elative short-form singular)
nendest (elative long-form plural)
neist (elative plural short-form)
temale (allative long-form singular)
talle (allative short-form singular)
nendele (allative long-form plural)
neile (allative plural short-form)
temal (adessive long-form singular)
tal (adessive short-form singular)
nendel (adessive long-form plural)
neil (adessive plural short-form)
temalt (ablative long-form singular)
talt (ablative short-form singular)
nendelt (ablative long-form plural)
neilt (ablative plural short-form)
temaks (long-form singular translative)
nendeks (long-form plural translative)
neiks (plural short-form translative)
temani (long-form singular terminative)
nendeni (long-form plural terminative)
temana (essive long-form singular)
nendena (essive long-form plural)
temata (abessive long-form singular)
nendeta (abessive long-form plural)
temaga (comitative long-form singular)
taga (comitative short-form singular)
nendega (comitative long-form plural)

Abbreviation of tema, from Proto-Finnic *tämä, from Proto-Uralic *tä. Cognate with Finnish tämä and Northern Sami dát.

he/she (3rd person singular animate personal pronoun)


ta

tann (sá) (masculine nominative singular)
tann (sú) (feminine nominative singular)
tað (neuter nominative singular)
tann (accusative masculine singular)
ta (tí) (tá) (accusative feminine singular)
tað (accusative neuter singular)
tí (tann) (teim) (dative masculine singular)
teirri (dative feminine singular)
tí (dative feminine singular)
tí (dative neuter singular)
tess (genitive masculine singular)
teirrar (feminine genitive singular)
tess (genitive neuter singular)
teir (masculine nominative plural)
tær (feminine nominative plural)
tey (neuter nominative plural)
teir (tá) (accusative masculine plural)
tær (accusative feminine plural)
tey (accusative neuter plural)
teimum (teim) (dative plural)
teirra (genitive plural)

ta ferðina

that, accusative singular feminine form of tann


ta

Ta esas plu forta, ma ca plu bela.

That person is stronger, but this person is prettier.

Alternative form of ita (“that person, that thing”)


ta

nominative/instrumental feminine singular of tas


ta

tämā (nominative singular)
ta (nominative singular)
ne (nominative plural)
täm (genitive singular)
nänt (genitive plural)
tǟnda (partitive singular)
nēḑi (partitive plural)
tämmõn (dative singular)
näntõn (dative plural)
tän (dative plural)
tämkõks (instrumental singular)
näntkõks (instrumental plural)
tämmõ (illative singular)
tämmõz (illative singular)
nēži (illative plural)
tämsõ (inessive singular)
nēši (inessive plural)
tämstõ (elative singular)
nēšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Uralic *tä. Compare Estonian tema.

he, she; third-person pronoun, referring to someone other than the speaker or addressee


ta

so (nominative singular)
sa (nominative singular)
te (nominative plural)
taṃ (accusative singular)
te (accusative plural)
tena (instrumental singular)
tehi (instrumental plural)
tebhi (instrumental plural)
tassa (dative singular)
tesaṃ (dative plural)
tesānaṃ (dative plural)
tasmā (ablative singular)
tamhā (ablative singular)
tato (ablative singular)
tehi (ablative plural)
tebhi (ablative plural)
tassa (genitive singular)
tesaṃ (genitive plural)
tesānaṃ (genitive plural)
tasmiṃ (locative singular)
tamhi (locative singular)
tesu (locative plural)

From Sanskrit स (sa), तद् (tad, “this, that”).


ta

taṃ (nominative singular)
tad (nominative singular)
tāni (nominative plural)
taṃ (accusative singular)
tad (accusative singular)
tāni (accusative plural)
tena (instrumental singular)
tehi (instrumental plural)
tebhi (instrumental plural)
tassa (dative singular)
tesaṃ (dative plural)
tesānaṃ (dative plural)
tasmā (ablative singular)
tamhā (ablative singular)
tato (ablative singular)
tehi (ablative plural)
tebhi (ablative plural)
tassa (genitive singular)
tesaṃ (genitive plural)
tesānaṃ (genitive plural)
tasmiṃ (locative singular)
tamhi (locative singular)
tesu (locative plural)


ta

ta (nominative singular)
te (nominative plural)
tej (genitive singular)
tych (genitive plural)
tej (dative singular)
tym (dative plural)
tę (accusative singular)
te (accusative plural)
tą (instrumental singular)
tymi (instrumental plural)
tej (locative singular)
tych (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂.


ta

ta f (possessive pronouns preceded by a)

From Vulgar Latin *ta, from Latin tua, feminine of tuus.


ta

From Proto-Philippine *ta. Compare Bikol Central ta.

Bahay ta.

Hintayin ta muna.


ta

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 咱 (“I; me, we; us”, SV: cha).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cha</i>

vi-etym-sino

Ta mang bao tội lỗi,
Nên thân ta giờ đây,
Kiếp sống không nhà không người thân.
Ta mang bao tội lỗi,
Người ơi, ta đâu còn chi !

(Can we date this quote?), Duy Mạnh (lyrics and music), “Kiếp đỏ đen [Gambling Life]”

I'm so sinful,
Now I have to live this life,
No home, no loved ones.
I'm so sinful,
O humanity, I have nothing left!
Please stay clear of the gambling life!


ta

(apparently uncommon) he, she, it (chiefly used in reported speech)


ta

Most dialects have a different cognate form, see Yoruba Varieties and Languages chart below for cognates. Likely an innovation among the speakers of the Ọ̀yọ́ dialect of Yoruba, in which the modern Yoruba koine was constructed from.

ta ni eṣinṣin kò bá gbè fún bí kò ṣe elégbò?

who else would a fly have sided with other than the one with an open sore or ulcer? (proverb on partiality)

Yoruba Varieties and Languages - ta niview map

nẹ̀ẹ́ síABBREVIATEDOǹdóOǹdóè síABBREVIATEDỌ̀wọ̀Ọ̀wọ̀síABBREVIATEDÌtsẹkírìÌwẹrẹnẹ̀ sínABBREVIATEDOlùkùmiUgbódùè ghíABBREVIATEDProto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìì síABBREVIATEDÀkúrẹ́ì síABBREVIATEDỌ̀tùn Èkìtìì síABBREVIATEDIfẹ̀Ilé Ifẹ̀yè síABBREVIATEDÌjẹ̀ṣàIléṣàyè síABBREVIATEDNorthwest YorubaẸ̀gbáAbẹ́òkútalè síABBREVIATED

ta niABBREVIATEDÈkóÈkóta niABBREVIATEDÌbàdànÌbàdànta niABBREVIATEDÌbọ̀lọ́Òṣogbota niABBREVIATEDÌlọrinÌlọrinta niABBREVIATEDỌ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́ta niABBREVIATEDStandard YorùbáNàìjíríàta niABBREVIATEDBɛ̀nɛ̀ta niABBREVIATEDNortheast Yoruba


ta

Komi:

⇒ Komi-Permyak: э́та (éta)

desc

Komi-Zyrian: та (ta), ⇒ тайӧ (tajö), татшӧм (tačöm)

Udmurt: та (ta)

From Proto-Uralic *tä. Cognates include Proto-Finnic *tämä and Proto-Samic *tātë.


ol

From English all. Cognate with Tok Pisin ol.


ol

head

ol (plural oli, possessive olua, possessive plural olui)

oli (plural)
olua (possessive)
olui (plural possessive)

The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered


ol

The third-person plural pronoun (Tok Pisin does not inflect pronouns for cases): they, them.


ol

they, them (more than three; indefinite)


ol

ol (nominative singular)
olar (nominative plural)
ony (accusative singular)
olary (accusative plural)
onuň (genitive singular)
olaryň (genitive plural)
oňa (dative singular)
olara (dative plural)
onda (locative singular)
olarda (locative plural)
ondan (ablative singular)
olardan (ablative plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ol. Cognate with Ottoman Turkish اول (ol), Kazakh ол (ol), Kyrgyz ал (al), etc.


ol

ols (plural)
ol (nominative singular)
ols (nominative plural)
ola (genitive singular)
olas (genitive plural)
ole (dative singular)
oles (dative plural)
oli (accusative singular)
olis (accusative plural)

Ed ol: ‚Bethlehem’, ol: Yudän, leno binol bapikün pö plins Yudäna: bi se ol geidan osüikom, kel okälom pöpi obik: Yisraelän

1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: II

And you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, you are by no means the least among the leaders of Judah, for from you will come a leader who will shepherd my people Israel.


ol

The oblique form *an- is comparable to Proto-Mongolic *ïn- (“third person singular pronoun”) and *an- (“third person plural pronoun”), neither of which appear in the nominative case.

noncog

(personal) third person singular and plural pronoun; he, she, it


tupela

From English two + -pela (from English fellow).

Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.

1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics, page 433

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


tripela

From English three + -pela (from English fellow).


em

head

em (third-person singular, gender-neutral, objective case, reflexive emself, possessive adjective eir, possessive pronoun eirs)

en-pron

emself (reflexive)
eir (adjective possessive)
eirs (possessive pronoun without-noun)

Coined by Christine M. Elverson by removing the "th" from them, perhaps influenced by the pre-existing em/'em, now often perceived as apheretic forms of them (though originally unrelated).

If the author uses such notation, it should be up to Em to indicate Eir intentions clearly, but there’s no harm checking first.

1986 April 1, Michael Spivak, The Joy of TeX: A Gourmet Guide to Typesetting with the AMS-TeX macro package, Providence: American Mathematical Society, →LCCN, LCC Z253.4.T47 S673 1986, page 68

I may become quite intimate with someone, spend hours with em every night, and yet not have the slightest idea what eir voice sounds like, or what eir RL body looks, feels, and smells like.

1997, Steven Shaviro, Doom Patrols : A Theoretical Fiction About Postmodernism, London: Serpent's Tail, →LCCN, page 138

E invites em to consider how ey represent emselves, and in so doing, e focuses eir attention on the ethics that make human relations possible.

2000, Jane Love, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in James A. Inman, Donna N. Sewell, editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work, Taylor & Francis, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, page 193

And ultimately: I think my readers are mature enough that knowing eir assigned gender is not going to give them an “excuse” to misgender em.

2011 March 15, RJ Edwards, “89: New Friend”, in Riot Nrrd, retrieved 2012-10-06

“You idiot girl! Are you childsick?” She grabbed Asu’s wrist; Asu made no effort to twist away. “Sand and soil, tell me you’re not pregnant. Is it that—what’s eir name? Aeran? Have you lain with em? Tell me!”

2023, Aimee Ogden, “A Half-Remembered World”, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, vol. 145, no. 1-2, whole no. 768 (July/August 2023), pages 146-202

(rare, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, the objective case of ey or e, equivalent to the singular them and coordinate with him and her.


em

head

em (proclitic, contracted m', enclitic me, contracted enclitic 'm)

m' (contracted)
me (enclitic)
'm (contracted enclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

Inherited from Latin mē, from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-.


em

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

(most dialects) Reduced form of im (“to him”).


em

ech (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular stressed)
mech (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (first-person personal pronoun reflexive singular)
du (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
de (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
dech (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
dir (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
like dat. and acc. (informal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
Dir (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Der (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (formal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
hien (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hien (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
him (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (masculine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
si (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
si (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hir (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
er (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (feminine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
hatt (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
hatt (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
him (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (neuter personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun stressed)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun unstressed)
eis (ons) (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (first-person personal plural pronoun reflexive)
dir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (dative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
si (nominative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
si (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hinnen (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
en (dative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
sech (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)


em

we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)


em

your (second-person, singular, possesive pronoun)


em

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
de (nominative personal pronoun singular)
dihr (nominative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
dihr (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
eich (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ihne (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ne (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihre (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ihne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
eich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)


em

The third person singular pronoun refers to a person or thing other than the speaker or the person being spoken to. Pronouns in Tok Pisin are not inflected for different cases.


em

he/she/it (third-person singular pronoun)


em

From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛːm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(sʔ)iəm; cognate with Pacoh a-em (“younger sibling”).
According to Phan Kế Bính's Việt Nam phong tục (1915), apparently the practice of calling each other anh-em for those in relationship originated from the province of Quảng Nam:
1915, Phan Kế Bính, Việt Nam phong tục [Vietnamese customs]:
— Vợ chồng con nhà sang trọng, gọi nhau bằng cậu mợ, thầy thông thầy phán thì gọi nhau bằng thầy cô, nhà thường thì gọi nhau bằng anh chị. Có con rồi thì gọi nhau bằng thầy em đẻ em, nhà thô tục thì gọi nhau là bố cu mẹ đĩ, có người thì gọi bố nó mẹ nó, có người cả hai vợ chồng gọi lẫn nhau là nhà ta. Ở Quảng-Nam thì vợ gọi chồng là anh, chồng gọi vợ là em. Ở Nghệ Tĩnh vợ chồng gọi là gấy nhông.
Spouses from wealthy families tend to call each other cậu and mợ; those employed by the government prefer thầy and cô; while in an average household, they call each other anh and chị. Couples with children call each other thầy em [father of the little one] and đẻ em [mother of the little one], while those from low-born families use bố cu and mẹ đĩ; there are also those who say bố nó and mẹ nó and those who both call each other nhà ta. In Quảng Nam, a housewife would call her husband anh and a husband would call his wife em. In Nghệ Tĩnh, "husband and wife" is called gấy nhông.

quote-book

Việt Nam phong tục

Spouses from wealthy families tend to call each other cậu and mợ; those employed by the government prefer thầy and cô; while in an average household, they call each other anh and chị. Couples with children call each other thầy em 􂀿father of the little one􂁀 and đẻ em 􂀿mother of the little one􂁀, while those from low-born families use bố cu and mẹ đĩ; there are also those who say bố nó and mẹ nó and those who both call each other nhà ta. In Quảng Nam, a housewife would call her husband anh and a husband would call his wife em. In Nghệ Tĩnh, "husband and wife" is called gấy nhông.

pronoun used to refer to any person (oneself, the addressee, or any third person) described by the noun em above

(familiar) pronoun used to refer to younger person of the same generation

pronoun used to refer to younger siblings or cousins descended from an ancestor who is/was a younger sibling to one's own or one's spouse's

Viết một đoạn văn ngắn miêu tả một thứ bố em làm cho em.

Write a short essay describing something your father made for you.

(formal) pronoun used to refer to a child or a student

thằng em của em

Anh yêu em. / Em cũng yêu anh.

Tôi yêu em âm thầm, không hi vọng, / Lúc rụt rè, khi hậm hực lòng ghen, / Tôi yêu em, yêu chân thành, đằm thắm, / Cầu em được người tình như tôi đã yêu em.

(Can we date this quote?), Alexander Pushkin, translated by Hoàng Thúy Toàn, Tôi yêu em [I Loved You], translation of Я вас любил

I loved you, without words, without hope, / Sometimes I felt shy, sometimes I felt tortured with jealousy, / I loved you, truly and deeply, / I pray you will find someone who loves you as much as I ever did.

pronoun used to refer to the girl or woman in a romantic relationship


em

Ich knouth em.


dam

dam (mutation mutation-radical)
dam (mutation mutation-nasal)
ndam (mutation)