man

From Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann- (“person”).

Man kann nicht immer kriegen, was man will.

Manchmal muss man Kompromisse machen.

Zumindest sagt man das so...

Kann man es fühlen, wenn man schwanger ist?

2008, Frank Behmeta, Wenn ich die Augen öffne, page 55

one, you, they (indefinite pronoun, referring to people at large; construed as a third-person singular)


man

Dúok mán tą̃ knỹgą.


man

From Old English man, reduced form of mann; see Etymology 1 above.

Typically singular, indefinite pronoun: one, you (indefinite).


man

head

man m (feminine min, neuter min, plural min)

min (feminine)
min (neuter)
min (plural)

From Old Frisian mīn, from Proto-West Germanic *mīn.


man

Middle English: man, me

c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sunday in September, When Job Is Read"
Man sċeal lǣwedum mannum seċġan be heora andġietes mǣðe, swā þæt hīe ne bēon þurh þā dēopnesse ǣmōde ne þurh þā langsumnesse ǣþrȳtte.

One has to talk to laymen according to how much they understand, so they are not intimidated by the depth of what one is saying or bored by the length.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Dedication of the Church of St. Michael"
Sē hrōf ēac swelċe hæfde mislīċe hēanesse: on sumre stōwe hine man meahte mid hēafde ġerǣċan, on sumre mid handa earfoþlīċe.

The height of the roof was also uneven: you could touch one part of it with the top of your head, and barely reach another part with your hand.

c. 897, Alfred the Great, translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Hēr man mæġ ġīet ġesēon heora swaðu, ac wē him ne cunnon æfter spyrian.

Here you can still see their footprints, but we don't know how to follow them.

one, you (indefinite pronoun; construed as a third-person singular)

Ġif dēaþsċyldiġ man sċriftsprǣċe ġierne, ne him man nǣfre ne wierne.

c. 1005, Wulfstan, Laws of Edward and Guthrum

If someone condemned to death desires confession, it should never be refused to them.

someone, somebody (some unspecified person)

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Saga mē, hū lange worhte man Noes earce?

Tell me, how long were they making Noe's ark?

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Hine man sċeal lǣdan tō þām lǣċe.

Early 11th century, Wulfstan, "On the Beginning of Creation"
Þā sē Hǣlend ċild wæs, eall hine man fēdde swā man ōðru ċildru fētt. Hē læġ on cradole bewunden, ealswā ōðru ċildru dōþ. Hine man bær oþ hē self gān meahte.

When Jesus was a baby, he was fed just like other babies are fed. He lay wrapped up in a cradle, just like other babies do. He was carried until he could walk by himself.

often used where modern English would use the passive voice

c. 900, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Man ġeseah swelċe sē heofon burne.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Man ġeseah swelċe ān fȳren hring norðan cōme.

It looked like a ring of fire was coming from the north.


man

From an unstressed variant of Old Frisian mon (“man”). Compare Dutch men and German man.


man

From Old Swedish maþer, mander, from Old Norse maðr, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

det man inte har i huvudet får man ha i benen

För länge, länge sen såg inte världen ut som nu. Man levde inte alls på samma sätt som jag och du. Man hade ständiga problem med sin kommunikation. För att göra sig hörd var man tvungen att ta ton. Man siktade mot mål, men man träffade bredvid, för inget var exakt i en fördatorisk tid. Man sände sina dokument med män i uniform, som färdades på snö och is i hällregn och storm. Man köpte sina tjänster med papper och metall – ett besynnerligt system som fick imperier på fall. Man sa att grunden var solid, men staten kom på glid, för system var instabila i en fördatorisk tid. Tiderna förändras. Andra ska ta vid. Sanningar föråldras. De formas av sin egen tid. Man byggde stora städer där man trängdes med varann – där man omgav sig med dån och larm och stod i rök och damm. Man sökte efter ledare med styrka och förstånd, som skulle föra folket bort från krig och undergång. En roll alltför komplex för en enda individ, så inget blev beständigt i en fördatorisk tid. Tiderna förändras. Andra ska ta vid. Sanningar föråldras. Man formas av sin egen tid. Man måste stiga upp varje vardag klockan fem, för att stå vid en maskin tills det blev kväll och man gick hem. Man levde under hot, på gränsen till panik, så man sökte efter sanningen i stjärnornas mystik. Man talade om fred, men man låg i ständig strid, för man förlitade sig på människan i fördatorisk tid.
A long, long time ago, the world was different from today [did not look like now]. People [one] did not at all live in the same way as me and you [literally translated]. You [one] had constant problems with your [one's] communication. To make yourself [oneself] heard, you [one] had to speak up [take tone]. You [one] aimed for goals [or targets], but you [one] hit next to them [hit next-to/beside (the goal/target, missing it)], because nothing was exact in a pre-computer time. You [one] sent your [one's] documents with men in uniform, who traveled on snow and ice in pouring rain and storm. You [one] bought your [one's] services with paper and metal – a peculiar [strange] system that brought empires down ["got empires on fall"]. People [one] said that the foundation was solid, but the state started slipping [went [came] on the slide [on slide]], because systems were unstable in a pre-computer time. [The] times change. Others will follow/ensue [shall pick up]. Truths become outdated ["are en-aged"]. They are shaped by their own time. People [one] built large cities where they [one] crowded together [thronged with one another] – where they [one] surrounded themselves [oneself] with roar and racket and stood in smoke and dust. They [one] sought leaders with strength and reason, that would lead [or bring] the people away from war and ruin [or "doom," or "destruction" in the sense of ruin/doom]. A role much too complex for a single individual, so nothing endured [became enduring] in a pre-computer time. [The] times change. Others will follow/ensue [shall pick up]. Truths become outdated ["are en-aged"]. You [one] are shaped by your [one's] own time. You [one] had to get up every weekday at five, to stand at a machine until the evening and then go home [until it became evening and you [one] went home]. You [one] lived under threat, on the verge of panic, so you [one] searched for the truth in the mystery of the stars [in the stars' mystique]. People [one] spoke of peace, but they [one] were [lay] in constant conflict [battle], because you [one] relied on [and put your trust in] man/humans ["the human" – the human species or humans collectively] in pre-computer times.

1984, Adolphson & Falk (lyrics and music), “I fördatorisk tid [In pre-computer times [Literally, "In pre-computerish/computeric time" – sounds ad hoc in Swedish as well. Could also be translated as "In a pre-computer age/time" or the like.]]”, in Över tid och rum [Across time and space]

(indefinite) people in general (in some implied group, often all people); one, you, they, people, etc.

(indefinite, often humorous) I (referring to oneself obliquely)


man

I (first-person singular subject pronoun)


hier

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


dada

Níl dada ann.

Ní fheicim dada.

anything (in a question or negative statement), nothing


ke

(relative, object of relative clause) that


ke

(informal, often in Internet chat or in SMS messages) who; which; what; that; than


ke

(dialectal, Eastern Norway) alternative form of kva (“what”)


ke

masculine nominative/accusative plural of ka


ke

Samoyedic:

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: ся (sya)

Ugric:

Hungarian: ki

Proto-Permic:

Komi:

Komi-Permyak: кин (kin)

Komi-Zyrian: кин (kin) (dialectal)

Udmurt: кин (kin)

Proto-Mordvinic: *ki, *kijə

Erzya: кие (kije), ки (ki)

Moksha: кие (kije)

Proto-Mari:

Eastern Mari: кӧ (kö), кӱ (kü)

Western Mari: кӱ (kü)

Proto-Samic: *kea

Western Samic:

Southern Sami: gie

Pite Sami: gie

Lule Sami:

Northern Sami: gii

Eastern Samic:

Inari Sami: kii

Skolt Sami: ǩii

Akkala Sami: к̌ӣ (ǩī), кӣ (kī)

Kildin Sami: ке̄ (kie)

Ter Sami: ке̄ (kie)

Proto-Finnic: *ken (see there for further descendants)


sama

Inherited from Proto-Finnic *sama (“same”), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same, alike”), presumably from *sem- (“together, one”).
Cognate with Finnish sama, Norwegian Bokmål samme, Swedish samma, Danish samme, and English same.


sama

sama (nominative singular)
samat (nominative plural)
saman (accusative singular)
samat (accusative plural)
saman (genitive singular)
samadën (genitive plural)
samoidën (genitive plural)
samada (partitive singular)
samoida (partitive plural)
samassa (inessive singular)
samahna (inessive singular)
samoissa (inessive plural)
samoihna (inessive plural)
samasta (elative singular)
samoista (elative plural)
samahën (illative singular)
samoihën (illative plural)
samalla (adessive singular)
samoilla (adessive plural)
samalta (ablative singular)
samoilta (ablative plural)
samalën (allative singular)
samalëk (allative singular)
samoilën (allative plural)
samoilëk (allative plural)
samana (essive singular)
samoina (essive plural)
samaksi (singular translative)
samoiksi (plural translative)
saman (instructive singular)
samoin (instructive plural)
samanëk (comitative singular)
samoinëk (comitative plural)
samatta (abessive singular)
samoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sama

Finnish: sama

Ingrian: sama

Karelian:

North Karelian: šama

South Karelian: šama

Livvi: sama

Ludian: sama

Võro: sama

Votic: sama


they

head

they (third-person, nominative case, usually plural, sometimes singular, objective case them, possessive their, possessive noun theirs, reflexive themselves, or reflexive singular themself)

en-pron

them (objective)
their (possessive)
theirs (noun possessive)
themselves (reflexive)
themself (reflexive singular)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tóy
Proto-Germanic *þai
Proto-Norse *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ)
Old Norse þeirbor.
Middle English þei
English they
 From Middle English þei, borrowed in the 1200s from Old Norse þeir, plural of the demonstrative sá which acted as a plural pronoun. Displaced native Middle English he from Old English hīe — which vowel changes had left indistinct from he (“he”) — by the 1400s, being readily incorporated alongside native words beginning with the same sound (the, that, this). Used as a singular pronoun since 1300, e.g. in the 1325 Cursor Mundi.
The Norse term (whence also Icelandic þeir (“they”), Faroese teir (“they”), Danish de (“they”), Swedish de (“they”), Norwegian Nynorsk dei (“they”)) is from Proto-Germanic *þai (“those”) (from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“that”)), whence also Old English þā (“those”) (whence obsolete English tho), Scots thae, thai, thay (“they; those”).
The origin of the determiner they (“the, those”) is unclear. The OED, English Dialect Dictionary and Middle English Dictionary define it and its Middle English predecessor thei as a demonstrative determiner or adjective meaning "those" or "the". This could be a continuation of the use of the English pronoun they's Old Norse etymon þeir as a demonstrative meaning "those", but the OED and EDD say it is limited to southern, especially southwestern, England, specifically outside the region of Norse contact.

etymon

it doesn't matter what they say about you as long as they spell your name right

other attested third-person singular pronouns

Fred and Jane? They just arrived.

Dogs may bark if they want to be fed.

Plants wilt if they are not watered.

I have a car and a truck, but they are both broken.

[…]purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee being the ſtronger perſwader, and ſhe (belike) too credulous in beleeuing or elſe ouer-feeble in reſiſting, from priuate imparlance, they fell to action; and continued their cloſe fight a long while together, vnſeene and vvithout ſuſpition, no doubt to their equall ioy and contentment.

1620, Giovanni Bocaccio, translated by John Florio, The Decameron, Containing an Hundred Pleaſant Nouels: Wittily Diſcourſed, Betweene Seuen Honourable Ladies, and Three Noble Gentlemen, Isaac Iaggard, Nouell 8, The Eighth Day

There is no reason to be scared of iguanas. They do not attack humans.

2010, Iguana Invasion!: Exotic Pets Gone Wild in Florida, page 9

(the third-person plural nominative) A group of entities previously mentioned.

Somebody requested a seat at Friday's performance but didn't say if they preferred the balcony or the floor.

If someone enters the restricted area, they are required to present identification.

One of the boys tripped over, and they hit their head on the door.

Someone knocked into Harry as they hurried past him. It was Hermione.

1997, J. K. Rowling, chapter 10, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, (quoted edition: London: Bloomsbury, 2000, page 187)

One thing a nominee earns is the right to pick the vice president that they think will best reflect their vision of the country, and I am just glad I will have nothing to do with it.

2008, Michelle Obama, quoted in Lisa Rogak, Michelle Obama in Her Own Words, New York, NY: PublicAffairs, 2009. →ISBN, page 18

The boycott, led by Elisha Lim, of a Toronto gay and lesbian newspaper after it refused to use their preferred pronoun ["they"], citing grammar considerations, inspired me.

2014, Ivan E. Coyote, Rae Spoon, Gender Failure

I'm angry that we're here again, that we have had to tell another mother that their child is dead.

2015 April, Stephanie Rawlings-Blake (mayor of Baltimore), commenting on the death of Freddie Gray

(the third-person singular nominative, occasionally proscribed) A single person, previously mentioned, but typically not if previously named and identified as male or female, especially if of unknown, irrelevant or (since 21st century) non-binary gender. Now increasingly used for an unnamed person even if the gender of the person is identified.

the third-person singular nominative; occasionally proscribed; the third-person singular nominative; occasionally proscribed

not used in Dyirbal (Dyirbal has no third-person pronoun)

(usually indicated by the suffix only) -nak

o

third-person singular, of unknown, irrelevant, or non-binary gender

(usually indicated by the third-person singular zero suffix only) -∅

그 (geu) (literary, poetic, or in translated works only)

They say it’s a good place to live.

They didn’t have computers in the old days.

Always get a second source, they tell us in investigative lexicography;[…]

1986 February 16, William Safire, “On Language; Moon Of My Delight”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section 6 / Magazine, page 10

I am beautiful, no matter what they say

2002, Linda Perry (lyrics and music), “Beautiful”, in Stripped, performed by Christina Aguilera

(indefinite pronoun, vague meaning) People; some people; people in general; someone, excluding the speaker.

They'll tax us for the air we breathe next.

They should increase our wages.

Ha, you believe the moon is real? That's just what they want you to think.

(indefinite pronoun) The authorities: government, police, employers, etc.

(bridge) The opponents of the side which is keeping score.


they

They’s music in the twitter of the bluebird and the jay.

1889, James Whitcomb Riley, Pipes o' Pan

MARY ELLEN is a different case from the others. She has five children and, she claims: "I don't know who they father is. I ain't never kept track. They is always another one. You know, I can catch me a guy[.]"

1974, Arthur Hippler, Hunter's Point: a black ghetto in America, page 88

They ain’t nothin’ wrong with that.

But they ain’t nothin’ in there you didn’t already have.

2008, Christian Carvajal, Lightfall, page 82

Well, they’s a lot of ‘em didn’t survive, if you believe me.

2010, Alessandro Portelli, They Say in Harlan County: An Oral History, page 207

(US dialectal) There (especially as an expletive subject of be).


hay

"Hay was mee gude plowere,

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 6

Fan Buckeen hay pooked lik own thing mad.

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 4

When Buckeen he jumped like a thing mad.

Wi spur upa heel hay gaed him a goad,

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 7

With a spur on his heel, he gave him a goad,

Shu bin vrem Vorth, an hay vrem Bargee,

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 3

Yola Vather Deruse hay raree cam thoare,

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 5

Old Father Devereux (he) early came there,

Wi buke an wi candale hay tackled a paare.

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 6

With book and with candle he tackled the pair;


so

head

so (third-person singular possessive of masculine singular, of feminine singular sô, of masculine plural siei, of feminine plural sôs)

sô (feminine nominative singular)
siei (masculine nominative plural)
sôs (feminine nominative plural)

(used attributively) his, her, its; of his, hers, its

(used substantively) his, hers, its; the thing belonging to him, her,it


so

From Middle High German sō, from Old High German sō, from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē, compare with Old Dutch so and Dutch zo.

Derhalben sind die Christen schuldig, der Obrigkeit unterthan […] zu seyn in Allem, so ohne Sünde geschehen mag.
That do the Christians owe: to be obedient to the authority […] in all that may be done without sin.
(Augsburger Bekenntnis)


so

(chiefly Flemish) Alternative form of si (“she”)


so

(chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of sche


so

so (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سوۡ)


so

So kerel lesqo papu?


so

¡So tonto!

¡So borrachos!


so

Bats: სო (so)

Vainakh:

Chechen: со (so)

Ingush: со (so)


ber

From Middle High German wer, from Old High German wer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz. Cognate with German wer, English who.

Bobrall du geast, gedenkhte ber du pist.


that

From Middle English that, from Old English þæt (“the, that”, neuter definite article and relative pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Cognate to Saterland Frisian dät, West Frisian dat, Dutch dat, Low German dat, German dass and das, Danish det, Swedish det, Icelandic það, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata). Further from Proto-Indo-European *tód; compare Ancient Greek τό (tó), Sanskrit तद् (tád), Waigali ta.

tuo

when pointed to or indicated by the speaker

se (when not pointed to or indicated by the speaker, for closer objects, in relative clauses or referring to what was said before)

that accounts for the milk in the coconut

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that's for me to know and you to find out

that which doesn't kill you makes you stronger

that which has been seen cannot be unseen

They're getting divorced. What do you think about that?

(demonstrative) The thing, person, idea, quality, event, action, or time indicated or understood from context, especially if more remote geographically, temporally or mentally than one designated as "this", or if expressing distinction.

The water is so cold! — That it is.

Would you like another piece of cake? — That I would!

We think that you stole the tarts. — That I did not!

Used to emphatically affirm or deny a previous statement or question.

That's my car over there.

He went home, and after that I never saw him again.

[A] second man—[…]—was qualified and fitted, both intellectually and morally,—and that to an exceptional extent—to be the Head […]

1888 July, The Original Secession Magazine, page 766

However[…], the British were unable to do much about it short of going to war with St Petersburg, and that the government was unwilling to do.

1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 310

I've never seen someone beaten unconscious before. That’s lesbians for you.

2005, Joey Comeau, Lockpick Pornography (Loose Teeth Press)

"She is very honourable," said Mrs. Thompson, solemnly. "Yes, one sees she is that, and so simple-minded."

1910, Helen Granville-Barker, An Apprentice to Truth, page 214

I didn't see the car that hit me.

The CPR course that she took really came in handy.

The house that he lived in was old and dilapidated.

The poor cat, that had been trapped for three days, was freed this morning. (non-restrictive use; sometimes proscribed; see usage notes)

(relative, plural that) In a relative clause, referring to a previously mentioned noun, as subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition; which, who.

the place that [= where or to which] I went last year

the last time that [= when] I went to Europe

(relative, colloquial) Used in place of relative adverbs such as where or when; often omitted.

That's proper funny, that.

(Northern England, Manchester, Liverpool) Clipping of that is; used to reinforce the preceding assertion or statement.

Manchester; Liverpool; Manchester; Liverpool


that

English: that

Scots: that

From Old English þæt, þat, þet (“the, that”), from Proto-Germanic *þat.


that

that's a braw day

(demonstrative, now rare except in set phrases) this


that

An that was a fout,

1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 108


she

head

she (third-person singular, feminine, nominative case, oblique and possessive her, possessive hers, reflexive herself)

en-pron

and possessive her (oblique)
hers (possessive)
herself (reflexive)

From Middle English sche, scho, hyo, ȝho (“she”), whence also Yorkshire dialectal shoo (“she”), Scots she, sho (“she”).
Probably from Old English hēo (whence dialectal English hoo), with an irregular change in stress from hēo to heō /hjoː/, then a development from /hj-/ to /ç/ to /ʃ-/, similar to the derivation of Shetland from Old Norse Hjaltland. In this case, she is from Proto-West Germanic *hiju, from Proto-Germanic *hijō f (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”), and is cognate with Saterland Frisian jo, ju, West Frisian hja, North Frisian jü, Danish hun, Swedish hon; more at he.
A derivation from Old English sēo (“the or that", occasionally "she”) is also possible, though less likely. In that case, sēo would have undergone a change in stress from sēo to seō /sjoː/, then a change from /sj-/ to /ʃ-/, similar to the derivation of sure from Old French seur. It would then be cognate to Dutch zij and German sie.
Neither etymology would be expected to yield the modern vocalism in /iː/ (the expected form would be shoo, which is in fact found dialectally). It may be due to influence from he, but both hēo and sēo also have rare variants (hīe and sīe) that may give modern English /iː/.

cog

es (in reference to some neuter common nouns like Mädchen)

(subject pronouns usually omitted, or a demonstrative is used: medial, proximal, and distal:) αὕτη f (haútē)

(usually indicated by the zero suffix only) -∅

I asked Mary, but she said that she didn't know.

After the cat killed a mouse, she left it on our doorstep.

The mother, Ekaterina Pavlovna, who at one time had been handsome, but now, asthmatic, depressed, vague, and over-feeble for her years, tried to entertain me with conversation about painting. Having heard from her daughter that I might come to Shelkovka, she had hurriedly recalled two or three of my landscapes which she had seen in exhibitions in Moscow, and now asked what I meant to express by them.

1917, Anton Chekhov, translated by Constance Garnett, The Darling and Other Stories, Project Gutenberg, published 9 September 2004, page 71

(personal) The female (typically) person or animal previously mentioned or implied.

She could do forty knots in good weather.

She is a beautiful boat, isn’t she?

(personal, sometimes endearing) A ship or boat.

sie

in reference to proper nouns of ships like Titanic

sí

even though the word for ‘boat’ is masculine

She is a poor place, but has beautiful scenery and friendly people.

(personal, dated, sometimes endearing, old-fashioned) A country, or sometimes a city, province, planet, etc.

She only gets thirty miles to the gallon on the highway, but she’s durable.

Prodigal in everything, summer spreads her blessings with lavish unconcern, and waving her magic wand across the landscape of the world, she bids the sons of men to enter in and possess. Summer is the great consummation.

1928, The Journal of the American Dental Association, page 765

She is my 57 Chevy / My 57 Chevy runs so fine / No one can beat my 57 Chevy

1977, “57 Chevy”, in Kansas City Slickers, performed by The Leopards

(personal, endearing or poetic, old-fashioned) Any machine or thing, such as a car, a computer, or (poetically) a season.

Optimal experience is thus something that we make happen. For a child, it could be placing with trembling fingers the last block on a tower she has built, higher than any she has built so far; for a swimmer, it could be trying to beat his own record; for a violinist, mastering an intricate musical passage.

(personal, nonstandard) A person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant (used in a work, along with or in place of he, as an indefinite pronoun).


kita

Literary dialect

Meester dialect

From Proto-Malayic *kita(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita. Compare Tagalog kita.

Kita ni ari bakal pegi ke Bandung.

Ada orang ngebètak bola kita.


kita

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

Luwas na kita.

Kita sana digdi an yaon.

we; us (inclusive of the person spoken to)


kita

nangadto ta niaging tuig

(inclusive) we, us
(as the subject of a verb)

anak ta sa Ginoo

(as the subject of a nominal predicate); we are

kita ra

adto ta / mangadto ta

(with verb root or in the infinitive) let us, let's


kita

From Proto-Malayic *kita(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

Dini kita?


kita

Kita akan pergi ke toko.

Pakaian kita sudah ditaruh ke dalam lemari

Our clothes have been put in the wardrobe.


kita

Indonesian: kita

Manado Malay: kita

engkau

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger

we, us, our (inclusive of the person spoken to)


kita

From North Moluccan Malay kita, from Malay kita, from Proto-Malayic *kita(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.


kita

Derived from Malay kita (“we (inclusive)”).

der+

I (first person singular personal pronoun)


kita

Mahal ko siya, mahal ko sila, mahal ko tayong lahat—at ikaw, mahal kita.

I love him, I love them, I love all of us—and you, I love you.

Anak kita.

Replaces ko ka or ko ikaw (I or my and you). Used when speaking directly to the receiver of a verb.

Magkaibigan kita.

(now dialectal, Batangas, Marinduque, uncommon in Bulacan) we; the two of us; you and I


kita

From Proto-Polynesian *ki-ta. Cognates include Tongan kita and Samoan kita.


ba

From Middle High German wā, from Old High German wār, hwār, from Proto-West Germanic *hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”). Cognate with German wo, English where.

dar faff ba de pridighet

(Sette Comuni, relative) that; which; who


ba

Third-person, animate, singular, neutral, object pronoun them


ourself

head

ourself (first person, singular reflexive of we)

From Middle English oure-selfe; equivalent to our + -self.

In the present study, we will limit ourself to the simplest of cases.

Without in any way committing ourself upon this point, we have merely to observe, that we are ready to receive sealed offers containing a full specification of age, temper, appearance, and condition[…]

1838, Charles Dickens, Sketches of Young Gentlemen

He then offered to guide us down to see for ourself, but one look down that dark hole to the water about 60 feet below completely dampened our speluncean ardor.

1962, Princeton Alumni Weekly, volume 63, page 24

(reflexive) The reflexive of the royal or editorial we: myself (as used by a monarch, writer or speaker who is referring to themself as we).

We should love our neighbor as ourself.

(reflexive) The reflexive of the generic we: oneself.

(African-American Vernacular) The reflexive of we: ourselves.


he

he (third-person singular, masculine, nominative case, oblique him, reflexive himself, possessive his)

en-pron

him (oblique)
himself (reflexive)
his (possessive)

From Middle English he, from Old English hē, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís (“this”).
Cognate with Scots he (“he”), North Frisian he, hi (“he”), Saterland Frisian hie (“he”), West Frisian hy (“he”), Dutch hij, ie (“he”), German Low German he (“he”), Middle High German her (“he”) Central Franconian hä (“he”), Gothic *𐌷𐌹𐍃 (*his, “this”).

[…]purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee being the ſtronger perſwader, and ſhe (belike) too credulous in beleeuing or elſe ouer-feeble in reſiſting, from priuate imparlance, they fell to action; and continued their cloſe fight a long while together, vnſeene and vvithout ſuſpition, no doubt to their equall ioy and contentment.

1620, Giovanni Bocaccio, translated by John Florio, The Decameron, Containing an Hundred Pleaſant Nouels: Wittily Diſcourſed, Betweene Seuen Honourable Ladies, and Three Noble Gentlemen, Isaac Iaggard, Nouell 8, The Eighth Day

It was he we saw the tracks of down by Rausand hill.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 77

July 18 2012, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Dark Knight Riseshttp://www.avclub.com/articles/the-dark-knight-rises-review-batman,82624/
Though Bane’s sing-song voice gives his pronouncements a funny lilt, he doesn’t have any of the Joker’s deranged wit, and Nolan isn’t interested in undercutting his seriousness for the sake of a breezier entertainment.

(personal) A male person or animal already known or implied.

The rulebook clearly states that "if any student is caught cheating, he will be expelled", and you were caught cheating, were you not, Anna?

(personal, sometimes proscribed, see usage notes) They; he or she (a person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant).

(personal, sometimes proscribed) It; an animal whose gender is unknown.

JUPITER is the largest of all the Planets, his Orbit lies between the Orbits of the Earth and Mars, and at the cast Distance of 426 Millions of Miles from the Sun, he goes round him in 11 Years, 314 Days and 12 Hours; […]

1770, A Mathematical Miscellany in Four Parts, 3rd edition, page 125

He [= the ship Bismarck] was made to rule the waves across the seven seas […]

A genderless object regarded as masculine, such as certain stars or planets (e.g. Sun, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter) or certain ships.

(subject pronouns are often omitted, or a demonstrative is used: medial, proximal, distal) οὗτος (hoûtos)


he

hän (nominative singular)
he (nominative plural)
hänen (genitive singular)
heidän (genitive plural)
häntä (partitive singular)
heitä (partitive plural)
hänet (accusative singular)
heidät (accusative plural)
hänessä (inessive singular)
heissä (inessive plural)
hänelle (allative singular)
heille (allative plural)
hänenä (essive singular)
heinä (essive plural)
häneksi (singular translative)
heiksi (plural translative)
hänettä (abessive singular)
heittä (abessive plural)

Kven: het

table
From Proto-Finnic *hek, from Proto-Finno-Permic *sej. Cognates include Northern Sami sii, Erzya сынь (siń). The word is inflected as plural, but there is no plural marker in the nominative, except in dialects (het). See hän for more details on history of usage.

(personal) they (plural, only of people)

(respectful) he, she, one, (singular) they (of a single human being, like hän)

they (in indirect speech: referring to the subjects of the main clause, regardless of whether they are human beings or not, i.e. logophoric pronoun)


he

head

he m (genitive sin, dative 1 em, dative 2 en, dative 3 jüm, accusative 1 em, accusative 2 en)

sin (genitive)
em (dative)
en (dative)
jüm (dative)
em (accusative)
en (accusative)

From Middle Low German hê, from Old Saxon hē, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).

He is too late.

(in some dialects, including, Münsterland, Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian and Low Prussian, personal) he (third-person singular masculine pronoun)


he

he (accusative him or hine, genitive his or hisen, possessive determiner his)

him (accusative)
hine (accusative)
his (genitive)
hisen (genitive)
his (determiner possessive)

English: he

Scots: he

Yola: hea, he, hey, hay

From Old English hē, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).

14th century, Chaucer, General Prologue

Benynge he was, and wonder diligent
Kind he was, and very diligent

Third-person singular masculine pronoun: he

(impersonal) Third-person singular impersonal pronoun: one; you


he

he (accusative hem or he, genitive heres or heren, possessive determiner here)

hem (accusative)
he (accusative)
heres (genitive)
heren (genitive)
here (determiner possessive)

Yola: hi, h'

Third-person plural nominative pronoun: they

Third-person plural accusative pronoun: them


he

hê (canonical)
ik (ek) (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mî (mê, mik, mek) (accusative dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mîn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
mîner (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
dû (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dî (dê, dik, dek) (accusative dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dîn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
dîner (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
hê (hî, hie) (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēne (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (ȫne, ȫn) (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēme (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (ȫme, en) (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sîn (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sîner (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (et) (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēme (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (ȫme, en) (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sîn (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sîner (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sê (sî, sie, sü̂) (accusative feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēre (dative feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
ēr (ērer, ȫrer) (dative feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
wî (wê, wie) (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
unser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
ûser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
gî (jê, î) (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
jûwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
ûwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sê (sî, sie) (accusative nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
em (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
öm (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ēre (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
ēr (ērer, ȫrer) (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)

(third person singular masculine nominative) he


he

hē m (accusative hine, genitive his, dative him)

hē (canonical masculine)
hine (accusative)
his (genitive)
him (dative)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowic (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

desctree

Middle English: he, hee, ȝe, e, hey, hi, hie, hye, heo, ho, hæ, ha, a
English: he
Scots: he
Yola: hea, he, hey, hay

From Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).

Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ

A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful

it (when the thing being referred to is masculine)

they (singular) (denotes someone of unknown gender)


he

hē (canonical masculine)
ik (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
thū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
siu (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
me (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ina (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mī (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
thī (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
imu (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
iru (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
it (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
mīn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ira (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
wit (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
git (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unk (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ink (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
unkero (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
unka (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
inker (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
inka (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
wī (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
we (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ge (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (masculine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (feminine nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (neuter nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
unsik (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sia (accusative masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
sia (accusative feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
siu (accusative neuter personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūs (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuu (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
im (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ūser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwar (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwero (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iuwera (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)

German Low German: he

From Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.


he

head

he (third-person singular, masculine, nominative case; accusative him, reflexive himsel, possessive his)

him (accusative)
himsel (reflexive)
his (possessive)

From Middle English he, from Old English hē.


he

Co thou; Co he.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY

W' vengem too hard, he zunk ee commane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88

With venom too hard, he sunk his bat-club,

Licke a mope an a mile, he gazt ing a mize;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88

Like a fool in a mill, he looked in amazement;

He at nouth fade t'zey, llean vetch ee man,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90

He that knows what to say, mischief fetch the man,

He zide hea'de help mee udh o' hoan

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 104


met

mie (nominative singular)
met (nominative plural)
minun (genitive singular)
meiđän (genitive plural)
meän (genitive plural)
minnuu (partitive singular)
minua (partitive singular)
meitä (partitive plural)
minun (accusative singular)
meiđät (accusative plural)
meät (accusative plural)
minhuun (illative singular)
meihin (illative plural)
minussa (inessive singular)
meissä (inessive plural)
minusta (elative singular)
meistä (elative plural)
minule (allative singular)
minulet (allative singular)
mulle (allative singular)
mullet (allative singular)
meile (allative plural)
meilet (allative plural)
minula (adessive singular)
mulla (adessive singular)
meilä (adessive plural)
minulta (ablative singular)
multa (ablative singular)
meiltä (ablative plural)
minuna (singular translative)
meinä (plural translative)
minuksi (essive singular)
meiksi (essive plural)
minutta (abessive singular)
meittä (abessive plural)

From Finnish me, from Proto-Finnic *mek, from Proto-Uralic *me.


僕

僕 (canonical)
僕 (canonical)
boku (romanization)

Shift in reading to use the on'yomi, becoming prevalent from around the Meiji period.

ぼく？ぼくは南高山大林寺からちょっとした用で…
Boku? Boku wa Nankō-zan Dairin-ji kara chotto shita yō de…

1997 August 12, Maekawa, Takeshi, “未知なる大地への巻 [To the Strange Land]”, in 新鉄拳チンミ [New Ironfist Chinmi], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, page 32

Me? I was sent by the Dairin Temple on Mount Nankō...

昔の僕とは違う

2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第61話 愛しきものの為に [Chapter 61: All for Our Loved Ones]”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, page 48

君を魔法使いの弟子として歓迎するよ 死の愛し仔…いや チセ

Kore Yamazaki, “第1篇 April showers bring May flowers. [Composition 1: April showers bring May flowers.]”, in 魔法使いの嫁 [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 20

You are welcome as my apprentice, Sleigh Beggey... I mean, Chise.

Kimi o boku no deshi to shite kangei suru yo Surei Bega… iya Chise

死の愛し仔 スレイ・ベガ

(men's speech) I; me (personal pronoun; usually used by males; implies that the speaker is a young boy or otherwise boyish)

僕、迷子かな？

僕はいくつかな？

you, he, she (only used in reference to a person who uses this term to refer to themselves, or is one who is assumed to use it, such as a young boy)


し

Cognate with demonstrative pronoun そ (so).

third person personal pronoun; he, she, it

廿四日。講師、むまのはなむけしにいでませり。ありとあるかみしも、わらはまでゑひしれて、一文字をだにしらぬもの、しがあしは十文字にふみてぞあそぶ。

あなわかわかしの晝寢や。しが身のほど知らぬこそいと心憂けれ」とて、うちあざわらひ給ふ。

c. late 10th century: Ochikubo Monogatari (Volume 1)


one's self

One can teach one's self to do this.


y'all

y'all (second-person plural nominative or objective, possessive determiner y'all's, possessive pronoun y'all's, reflexive y'allselves)

en-pron

y'all's (determiner possessive)
y'all's (possessive pronoun without-noun)
y'allselves (reflexive)

Contraction of you all, and/or from Scots ye aw. Attested since at least 1631.
Compare Dutch jullie (originally jij lui (literally “you people”)) for a similar development of a new plural pronoun out of Proto-Germanic *jīz that originally was already plural.

[...] and this y'all know is true, [...]

1631, William Lisle, The Faire Æthiopian

Much later, after dozens of the men had come up to me to shake my hand (with both of theirs) and say "Y'all come back soon, hear? ...

1987, Judson D. Hale, The education of a Yankee: an American memoir, page 3

People in the South do indeed seem to be addressing a single person as "y'all." For instance, a restaurant patron might ask a waiter, "What y'all got for dessert tonight?" In that case, "y'all" refers collectively to the people who run the restaurant.

2007, Roy Blount, Long time leaving: dispatches from up South, page 117

(informal, now chiefly Southern US, African-American Vernacular, New York Latino English, Appalachia, Caribbean, Indian South African English, Māori English, Newfoundland and Labrador) plural of you

African-American Vernacular; New York Latino English; Indian South African English; Newfoundland and Labrador; African-American Vernacular; New York Latino English; Indian South African English; Newfoundland and Labrador


blud

head

blud (third-person singular, masculine, nominative or objective case)

en-pron

Created in Multicultural London English, of Jamaican origin. Has since spread around England, and thence Anglosphere and online. Claimed to be, via eye dialect spelling, from Caribbean Creole blood (“family relation, close friend”) (compare blood brother). Possibly derived or reinforced from brother; compare bro, bruh, brudder etc.

what is blud waffling about

2023 February 3, maddy🍋 (@fyridk), Twitter

who invited blud

2023 February 11, 🔴 (@TenHag_Szn), Twitter

Blud was lost

2023 February 2, Dom2K (@Dom_2k), Twitter

What is wrong with blud 😂😂🙌🙌

2023 February 11, Åmplė  Cålm (@ample_calm), Twitter

What’s blud tryna say here

2023 February 2, MN1F🇬🇧 (@Wuwakia90), Twitter

(UK, MLE, slang, often humorous or ironic) he or him


sic

From Middle English sich, from Old English swelc.


all

From Middle English all, from Old English eall, from Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz, of uncertain origin but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with West Frisian al (“all”), Dutch al (“all”), Scots a' (“all”), German all (“all”), Swedish all (“all”), Norwegian all (“all”), Icelandic allur (“all”), Welsh holl (“all”), Irish uile (“all”), Lithuanian aliái (“all, each, every”).
The dialectal sense “all gone” is a calque of German alle. The use in who all, where all etc. also has equivalents in German (see alles).

der

Some gave all they had.

She knows all and sees all.

Those who think they know it all are annoying to those of us who do.

A good time was had by all.

We all enjoyed the movie.

Hey all, just a quick note as I am trying to do 46 things at once and slow down a touch all at once…

2012 October 9, Amy Hauser, Tom Hauser, chapter 7, in Marge Thompson, Frankie M. Leisering, editors, In His Grip … a Walk Through Breast Cancer, WestBow Press, page 39

All that was left was a small pile of ash.

We ate potatoes and ziti .... that's all.

Q. Now, then, when you started to go to stake the claims, who all went along?

1904 October 10, Shea v. Nilima, [US] Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, in 1905, Reports Containing the Cases Determined in All the Circuits from the Organization of the Courts, page 266

A. I and Johan Peter Johansen, Otto Greiner, and Thorulf Kjelsberg.

"I mean, you could have called us—collect, o'course—jes' to let us know how-all it's a-goin'."

1998, Paul D. Staudohar, editor, Football's Best Short Stories, section 107

"Where all did he go? What exactly was his job?" Gary shrugged and produced a weak laugh. "I reckon the Middle East. Ain't that where all the oil is?"

2002, Richard Haddock, Arkalalah, iUniverse, page 73

"Do you ever ask me what I want to see? Or ask me about where all I've gone, who all I've met, what all I've done? Never. Not for one second. And why? Because you don't give two hoops about me."

2011, Moni Mohsin, Tender Hooks, Random House India

(chiefly Southern US, South Midland US, Midland US, Scotland, Northern Ireland, India) Used after who, what, where, how and similar words, either without changing their meaning, or indicating that one expects that they cover more than one element, e.g. that "Who all attended?" is more than one person. (Some dialects only allow this to follow some words and not others.)


all

From Middle High German and Old High German al.

Et muss een net mat all Virschlag eens sinn.

(with countable singular nouns) every; each


ourselves

head

ourselves (first personal plural pronoun, reflexive case of we)

We should keep this for ourselves.

(reflexive) Us; the group including the speaker as the object of a verb or preposition when that group also is the subject.

We did it ourselves.

(emphatic) We; intensifies the subject as the group including the speaker, especially to indicate that no one else satisfies the predicate.


yourselves

yourselves (second person, plural of yourself, plural reflexive of you)

yourself (plural-of)
of you (plural reflexive)

You shouldn't blame yourselves.

Talk amongst yourselves.

(reflexive) Inflection of you (plural) used as the object of a verb or non-locative preposition in a clause whose subject is the same (the people addressed).

أَنْفُسُكُم

you (referring to the people being spoken to, previously mentioned)

You yourselves won’t eat at that restaurant. Why are you recommending it to us?

(emphatic) You (plural), used to intensify the subject as the group addressed.


dig

(personal) you (2nd person singular object pronoun)


dig

jag (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mig (first-person oblique personal pronoun singular)
mej (colloquial first-person oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling singular)
min (first-person personal possessed-common possessive pronoun singular)
mitt (first-person personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular)
mina (first-person personal possessed-many possessive pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dig (oblique personal pronoun second-person singular)
dej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling second-person singular)
din (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ditt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person singular)
dina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person singular)
han (masculine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
honom (masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
han (informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (dialectal informal masculine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hans (masculine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hon (feminine nominative person personal pronoun singular third-person)
henne (feminine oblique person personal pronoun singular third-person)
hennes (feminine person personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
hen (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
henom (gender-neutral neologism oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
hens (gender-neutral neologism personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
den (common-gender oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (common-gender personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
det (neuter oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
dess (neuter personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
man (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (indefinite oblique personal pronoun singular third-person)
ens (indefinite personal possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun singular third-person)
sig (oblique personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive singular third-person)
sin (personal possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sitt (personal possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sina (personal possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
vi (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
oss (first-person oblique personal plural pronoun)
vår (first-person personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
våran (first-person informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun)
vårt (first-person personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
vårat (first-person informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun)
våra (first-person personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun)
ni (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eran (informal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
ers (formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
ert (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
erat (informal personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
era (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
I (archaic nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic oblique personal plural pronoun second-person)
eder (archaic personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person)
eders (archaic formal personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun second-person term-of-address)
edert (archaic personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun second-person)
edra (archaic personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun second-person)
de (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial nominative personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
dem (oblique personal plural pronoun third-person)
dom (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling third-person)
deras (personal plural possessed-common possessed-many possessed-neuter possessive pronoun third-person)
sig (oblique personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
sej (colloquial oblique personal plural pronoun pronunciation-spelling reflexive third-person)
sin (personal plural possessed-common possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sitt (personal plural possessed-neuter possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sina (personal plural possessed-many possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)

From Old Norse þik, from Proto-Germanic *þek, from Proto-Indo-European *te-ge.

Jag såg dig aldrig där.

Det finns bara en av mig och det är jag. Det finns bara en av dig och det är du. Det finns bara två av oss, och det är vi.
There is only one of me and that is I. There is only one of you [object] and that is you [subject]. There are only two of us, and that is us [we – subject]. [Swedish has some of the same subject/object fuzziness as English, but a standalone "Det är " idiomatically (through intuition rather than being taught) uses the subject form]

1981, X Models (lyrics and music), “Två av oss [Two of us]”

Skulle du vilja lära dig jonglera?

Skar du dig på kniven?


thyself

From Middle English thy-selfe, thiself, thi-zelf, from Old English þīnes silfes, þīnre sylfre, etc., equivalent to thy + -self. Compare Middle English thou-self, Old English þē sylfum, þē selfum.

Thou hast only thyself to blame.

Thou thyself art to blame.

Physician, heal thyself.

(archaic, literary, dialectal) yourself (as the object of a verb or preposition or as an intensifier); reflexive case of thou


thyself

English: thyself

Yola: theezil

from Old English þīnes silfes, þīnre sylfre, etc., equivalent to thy + self.


oneself

oneself (reflexive form of the indefinite personal pronoun one, formerly sometimes two words: one's self)

en-pron

A contracted form of one's self (Mid-16th century). Equivalent to one + -self.

Teaching oneself to swim can be dangerous.

A person's self: general form of himself, herself, themself or yourself.

نَفْس

a person's self: general form of himself, herself, themself or yourself

break one's arm patting oneself on the back

create daylight between oneself and someone

put daylight between oneself and someone


we

head

we (first-person plural nominative case, objective case us, possessive determiner our, possessive pronoun ours, reflexive ourselves, reflexive singular ourself)

us (objective)
our (determiner possessive)
ours (possessive pronoun without-noun)
ourselves (reflexive)
ourself (reflexive singular)

Jamaican Creole: wi

Sranan Tongo: wi

From Middle English we, from Old English wē (“we”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, *wiz (“we”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we (plural)”). Cognate with Scots wee, we (“we”), North Frisian we (“we”), West Frisian wy (“we”), Low German wi (“we”), Dutch we, wij (“we”), German wir (“we”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian vi (“we”), Icelandic vér, við (“we”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬨 (vaēm), Sanskrit वयम् (vayám).

inh

the devil we know is better than the devil we don't know

the real treasure is the friends we made along the way

what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive

what tangled webs we weave when first we practice to deceive

It’s time to overcome queasiness and restraint. We, the liberal and progressive people of the world, are at war with the far right to save the earth.

2017 February 20, Paul Mason, “Climate scepticism is a far-right badge of honour – even in sweltering Australia”, in the Guardian

(personal) The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person (not the person being addressed). (This is the exclusive we.)

awp

generic we (the speaker and at least one other person, regardless of whether it's the person being addressed)

我们

generic in most dialects, but exclusive in some

(usually indicated by the suffix only) -unk

kami

exclusive we (the speaker and at least one other person, but excluding the person(s) being addressed)

(personal) The speaker(s)/writer(s) and the person(s) being addressed. (This is the inclusive we.)

kita

inclusive we (the speaker and the person(s) being addressed, and possibly others)

In light of the promulgation of the aforementioned laws and decisions, we (the administration) propose to make the following amendments to local legislation to implement the relevant requirements on oath taking by public officers.

2021, Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, “Paper No. CMAB C4/9/1”, in Documents of the Hong Kong Legislative Council, page 1

(personal) The institution which the speaker/writer is acting for. (This is the editorial we, used by writers and others when speaking with the authority of their publication or organisation.)

(personal, royal) The sovereign alone in their capacity as monarch. (This is the royal we. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)

نحن

the royal we (referring to the sovereign alone acting in their capacity as monarch)

How are we all tonight?

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

2013 July-August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist

(personal) The plural form of you, including everyone being addressed.

How are we feeling this morning?

Are we ready to go to bed, sweetie?

2008 May 13, Tom Armstrong, Marvin (comic)

(personal, often considered patronising) A second- or third-person pronoun for a person in the speaker's care.

Hey guys, how's it going? Today we are going to be playing a new game.

All Vice President [Mike] Pence has to do is send it back to the states to recertify and we become president and you are the happiest people.

2021 January 6, 3:38:03 from the start, in Rally on Electoral College Vote Certification (television broadcast), spoken by Donald Trump, Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network (C-SPAN)

[Today is] not a day to think about fishing so we will get back to working on the shelter. [cut in video] Cool, so I guess the best analogy for this, then, is that we've basically framed the house, and now we get to shingle.

2021 June 24, “Far from Home” (3:07 from the start), in Alone, season 9, episode 4 (televison production), spoken by Theresa Emmerich Kamper, via HISTORY Channel

The elephant in the room, you know, we had a stroke back in May.

2022 October 25, 32:11 from the start, Vote 2022, in Joseph Camp, director, PBS NewsHour (television production), spoken by John Fetterman, via Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), archived from the original on 2022-10-25

(colloquial) The speaker themselves, used to imply connection between the speaker's experiences and a group of listeners. (Compare the plural of modesty.)

(bridge) The side which is keeping score.


we

He was a propa gadgie, and always bought we drinks after a long shift.
He was a great guy, and always bought us drinks after a long shift.

And what have you done for we since? Nowt!
And what have you done for us since? Nothing!


we

we, us 1st person plural subject and object personal pronoun


we

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

Jersey Dutch: wê


we

head

we (accusative us, we, genitive oure, possessive determiner oures)

us (accusative)
we (accusative)
oure (genitive)
oures (determiner possessive)

desctree

English: we
Jamaican Creole: wi
Sranan Tongo: wi

Scots: we, oo

Yola: wough, wu, wee, we, w'

from Old English wē (“we”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, *wiz (“we”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we (plural)”). Compare wit (first person dual pronoun).

First-person plural accusative pronoun: us


we

head

wê (accusative wēne or wen, dative wēme or wem, genitive wes)

wê (canonical)
wēne (accusative)
wen (accusative)
wēme (dative)
wem (dative)
wes (genitive)

From Old Saxon hwē, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz.

(interrogative, masculine, feminine) who


we

(personal, first person, in the plural, nominative) Alternative form of wî.


we

wē (canonical)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowic (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

desctree

Middle English: we, whe, ve, woe, wue, weo, wæ, vue, hwe, huue
English: we
Jamaican Creole: wi
Sranan Tongo: wi
Scots: we, oo
Yola: wough, wu, wee, we, w'

From Proto-Germanic *wiz, *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.
Cognate with Old Frisian wī (West Frisian wy), Old Saxon wī (Low German wi), Old Dutch wī (Dutch wij), Old High German wir (German wir), Old Norse vér (Danish and Swedish vi), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (weis).


we

Inherited from Middle English we, from Old English wē (“we”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, *wiz (“we”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we (plural)”). Cognate with English we.


we

and whilke we canna zei, albeit o' 'Governere,' 'Statesman,' an alike.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 7-9

and for which we have no words but of 'Governor,' 'Statesman,' &c.

Ye pace——yea, we mai zei, ye vaste pace whilke bee ee-stent owr ye londe zince th'ast ee-cam,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 21-23

The peace——yes, we may say the profound peace—which overspreads the land since your arrival,

Na oure gladès ana whilke we dellt wi' mattoke, an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 6-8

In our valleys where we were digging with the spade, or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,


itself

head

itself (the third person singular, neuter, personal pronoun, the reflexive form of it, masculine himself, feminine herself, gender-neutral themself, plural themselves)

en-pron

it (reflexive-of)
himself (masculine)
herself (feminine)
themself (gender-neutral)
themselves (plural)

From Middle English hit-self, equivalent to it + -self.

a house divided against itself cannot stand

The door closed by itself

(reflexive) it; A thing as the object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject

The door itself is quite heavy.

(emphatic) it; used to intensify the subject, especially to emphasize that it is the only participant in the predicate

The oil by degrees gets covered with a curdy mass, which after some time settles to the bottom, while itself becomes limpid and colorless.

1842, Andrew Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures and Mines

(emphatic, archaic) it; used to refer back to an earlier subject


herself

head

herself (the third person singular, feminine, personal pronoun, the reflexive form of she, masculine himself, neuter itself, gender-neutral singular themself or themselves, plural themselves)

en-pron

she (reflexive-of)
himself (masculine)
itself (neuter)
themself (gender-neutral singular)
themselves (gender-neutral singular)
themselves (plural)

From Middle English. Equivalent to her + -self.

She injured herself.

(reflexive) Her; the female object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject.

She was injured herself.

(emphatic) She; an intensive repetition of the female subject, often used to indicate the exclusiveness of that person as the only satisfier of the predicate.

What's herself up to this time?

Have you seen herself yet this morning?

(Ireland) The subject or non-reflexive object of a predicate; she (used of upper-class ladies, or sarcastically, of women who imagine themselves to be more important than others)


pula

head

pula (third person dual, accusative pulanya, possessive/purposive pulampa, locative pulala)


thine

From Middle English thyn, þyn, from Old English þīn, from Proto-West Germanic *þīn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz. Cognate to German dein, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian din, Faroese tín and Icelandic þinn.

But if I finish all of my chores and you finish thine / Then tonight we're gonna party like it's 1699

1996, Weird Al Yankovic (lyrics and music), “Amish Paradise”, in Bad Hair Day

(archaic) Singular second person possessive pronoun; yours


feel

(dialectal or obsolete) Alternative form of fele


myself

From Middle English myself, meself, from Old English mē selfum and similar phrases, equivalent to me + self, later partly reinterpreted as my + self / -self. Cognate with Scots mysel, mysell (“myself”), West Frisian mysels (“myself”), Dutch mijzelf (“myself”), German mich selbst, mir selbst (“myself”), Norwegian Bokmål meg selv (“myself”).

I taught myself.

(reflexive) Me, as direct or indirect object the speaker as the object of a verb or preposition, when the speaker is also the subject.

Personally, for my part; used in apposition to I, sometimes for simple emphasis and sometimes with implicit exclusion of any others performing the activity described.

I feel like myself.

Me (as the object of a verb or preposition).

Myself am confident that an ointment of it is one of the best remedies for a scabby head that is.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged

Myself John.

(India, Pakistan, nonstandard) my name is...


myself

English: myself

Scots: mysel

Yola: meezil

From Old English mē self, mē seolf, equivalent to my + self.


himself

himself (the third person singular, masculine, personal pronoun, reflexive form of he, feminine herself, neuter itself, plural themselves, gender-neutral singular himself or themselves or themself)

en-pron

herself (feminine)
itself (neuter)
themselves (plural)
himself (gender-neutral singular)
themselves (gender-neutral singular)
themself (gender-neutral singular)

From Middle English hymself, from Old English him selfum. Equivalent to him + -self.

give him enough rope and he'll hang himself

he who digs a pit for others falls in himself

He injured himself.

(reflexive) Him; the male object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject

𐔼𐕖𐕒𐕡𐕎𐕖𐕒𐕡

(reflexive) male person as the previously mentioned object

себе́ (sebé) (dative case, prepositional case)

He was injured himself.

The [Isaac] Newton that emerges from the [unpublished] manuscripts is far from the popular image of a rational practitioner of cold and pure reason. The architect of modern science was himself not very modern. He was obsessed with alchemy.

2014 June 21, “Magician’s brain”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8892

(emphatic) He; used as an intensifier, often to emphasize that the referent is the exclusive participant in the predicate

With shame remembers, while himself was one / Of the same herd, himself the same had done.

Dennis: His glass is there and himself is in the toilet.

1998, Kirk Jones, Waking Ned, Tomboy films

(Ireland, otherwise archaic) The subject or non-reflexive object of a predicate; he himself.

Has himself come down to breakfast yet?

Have you seen himself yet this morning?

(Ireland) The subject or non-reflexive object of a predicate; he (used of upper-class gentlemen, or sarcastically, of men who imagine themselves to be more important than others)


themselves

head

themselves (third-person, reflexive of they)

сябе́

the reflexive case of they, the third-person plural personal pronoun

same

masculine inanimate and all other genders

mateixos

the persons of unspecified gender previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition

They’ve hurt themselves.

They fought among themselves.

They are going to try climbing Mount Everest themselves.

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

(reflexive) The reflexive case of they, the third-person plural personal pronoun. The group of people, animals, or objects previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).

Would whoever stole my phone please make themselves known.

I don't want anyone to fight among themselves.

Everyone must do it themselves.

In fact she was so busy doing all the things that anyone might, who finds themselves alone in an empty house, that she did not notice at first when it began to turn dusk and the rooms to grow dim.

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, page 18

(reflexive) The reflexive case of they, the third-person singular personal pronoun. The single person previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).


who

who (singular or plural, nominative case, objective whom, who, possessive whose)

whom (objective)
who (objective)
whose (possessive)

From Middle English who, hwo, huo, wha, hwoa, hwa, from Old English hwā (dative hwām, genitive hwæs), from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷis.
The sound change /hw/ > /h/ (without a corresponding change in spelling) was due to wh-cluster reduction after an irregular change of /ɑː/ to /oː/ in Middle English (instead of the expected /ɔː/) and further to /uː/ regularly in Early Modern English. A similar change occurred in two. Compare how, which underwent wh-reduction earlier (in Old English), and thus is spelt with h.
Compare Scots wha, West Frisian wa, Dutch wie, Low German we, German wer, Danish hvem, Norwegian Bokmål hvem, Norwegian Nynorsk kven, Icelandic hver.

谁

sûi, chûi, chūi, cho̍ah, chiâ, chôa, tiâng, siáng, siâng

啥物人

siáⁿ-mih-lâng, siáⁿ-mí-lâng, sáng-n̂g, siàng-n̂g

Who is that? (direct question)

I don't know who it is. (indirect question)

(interrogative) What person or people; which person or people; asks for the identity of someone; used in a direct or indirect question.

That's the man who works at the newsagent. (defining)

My sister, who works in the accounts department, just got promoted to manager. (non-defining)

Chorban: I don't really think my scanning disturbs them, but the authorities might disagree.
Chorban: I'd like to do it more openly, but it's not really worth getting arrested over.
Shepard: I could help you out. I'm not worried about the authorities.
Chorban: I don't even know who you are.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel

Despite personal schisms and differences in spiritual experience, there is a very coherent theology of Snape shared between the wives. To examine this manifestation of religious fandom, I will first discuss the canon scepticism and anti-Rowling sentiment that helps to contextualise the wider belief in Snape as a character who extends beyond book and film.

2014 March 3, Zoe Alderton, “‘Snapewives’ and ‘Snapeism’: A Fiction-Based Religion within the Harry Potter Fandom”, in Religions, volume 5, number 1, MDPI, →DOI, pages 219–257

(relative) Introduces a relative clause having a human antecedent.

That's the man who I saw earlier. (defining)

My brother, who you met the other day, is coming to stay for the weekend. (non-defining)

(non-formal) With antecedent as object: whom.

Who insults my mother insults me.

Give it to who deserves it. (marginal usage)

(fused relative, archaic or marginal) Whoever, he who, they who.

fused relative; archaic or marginal; fused relative; archaic or marginal


who

who (singular or plural, nominative case, accusative/dative whom, genitive whos, inanimate what)

whom (accusative dative)
whos (genitive)
what (inanimate)

English: who

Geordie English: whe

Scots: wha

Yola: fho, fo, vo

table
From Old English hwā, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷis.

(relative) whoever, anyone who (usually nominative)

(indefinite) anyone, someone (nominative)


君

君 (canonical)
君 (canonical)
kimi (romanization)

⟨ki₁mi₁⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/
From Old Japanese. Possibly a borrowing from the Sillan word for king, written with the character 今 (kum). The same morpheme survives in the second syllable of the Modern Korean word 임금 (imgeum).

君がため惜しからざりし命さへ長くもがなと思ひけるかな

1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 669; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 50)

I thought I would give up my life to hold you in my arms, but after a night together, I find myself wishing that I could live for ever.

kimi ga tama oshikarazarishi inochi sae nagaku mogana to omoikeru kana

俺は別にいいけど…キミ、学校で「知らない人について行っちゃダメ」とか、教わんなかった？

2000 September 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “ＰＡＲＴ１ 雨のち… [Part 1: After the Rain…]”, in SALAD DAYS [Salad Days], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, page 110

Fine by me… But haven’t you been taught at school that “you shouldn’t go anywhere with strangers”?

Ore wa betsu ni ii kedo… Kimi, gakkō de “shiranai hito ni tsuite itcha dame” to ka, osowan nakatta?

来るぞ カズキ！手を放すな！キミと私は一心同体 キミが死ぬ時が私が死ぬ時だ！

2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武装錬金ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武装錬金 [Armed Alchemy], volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha

Incoming, Kazuki! Don’t let go! You and me, together as one. When you die, I die!

Kuru zo Kazuki! Te o hanasu na! Kimi to watashi wa isshin dōtai Kimi ga shinu toki ga watashi ga shinu toki da!

(informal, chiefly men's speech) second-person personal pronoun: you, thou

(after a が (ga) or の (no) particle) term of respect to another person


君

君 (canonical)
kinji (romanization)
kindi (romanization)
きんぢ (hiragana historical)

/kimud͡ʑi/ → /kind͡ʑi/
Shift from older きむぢ (kimudi → kimuji).

きんぢ、この手を傳へ施す物ならば、この世になからん世なりとも、訪ひ守らん。

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

「[...] ある時は「きんぢがつたなく吾を人気なくハ生み出したる」とさへぞの給フや」

喜びて、見給ヒて、聲を放ちて「我が親の今々とし給ひしまで「我はきんぢを思ふにぞ黄泉もえ往くまじき。[...]」」


get

From Middle Dutch iewet, iet. The diphthong /ie̯/ developed into /je/ word-initially, as it did in High German, and the onset was then enclitically hardened to ⟨g⟩ (/ʝ/). Cognate with Dutch iets, Central Franconian jet, northern Luxembourgish jett, gett, English aught.

Doe has get höng.

(indefinite pronoun) Placed before a plural noun, indicating general cases of people or things: some


ye

From Middle English ye, ȝe, from Old English ġē (“ye”), the nominative case of the second-person plural personal pronoun, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a North-West variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz (“ye”), from Proto-Indo-European *yūs, *yū́ (“ye”), plural of *túh₂. Cognate with Scots ye (“ye”), Saterland Frisian jie, Dutch gij, ge, jij, je (“ye”), Low German ji, jie (“ye”), German ihr (“ye”), Danish and Swedish I (“ye”), Icelandic ér (“ye”). See also you.

Queſtion me then no more; whate'er ye want, / Ask in my Name, and God ſhall ſurely grant. / You've asked nothing yet for Jesus sake : / Ask and receive, and of my joyes partake.

1671, Elisha Coles, chapter 6, in ΧΡΙΣΤΟΛΟΓΙΑ: Or, a Metrical Paraphraſe on the Hiſtory of Our Lord and Saviour Jeſus Chriſt : Dedicated to His Univerſal Church

Know Ye that We have declared and by these Presents do declare our Will and Pleasure as follows—[…]

1995, Elizabeth II, “Legal Notice 247 of 1996”, in Hong Kong Government Gazette, page B1096

(archaic outside Northern England, Cornwall, Ireland, Newfoundland) You (the people being addressed).

Know ye now, Bulkington? Glimpses do ye seem to see of that mortally intolerable truth; that all deep, earnest thinking is but the intrepid effort of the soul to keep the open independence of her sea; [...]

1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, chapter 23

(archaic) You (the singular person being addressed).


ye

ye (accusative yow, genitive youres, youren, possessive determiner your)

yow (accusative)
youres (genitive)
youren (genitive)
your (determiner possessive)

English: ye, yee

Scots: ȝe, ye

Yola: ye

From Old English ġē, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (with the nominative ending added). Compare the second-person dual pronoun ȝit.

Second-person plural pronoun: ye, you (plural).

Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho /That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge /Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do / Ek forto wynnen loue in ſondry ages / In ſondry londes, ſondry ben vſages […]

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28

You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now. / As for winning love across ages and / across nations, there are lots of usages […]

(formal) second-person singular pronoun: you (singular).


ye

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of þe (“thee”)


ye

masculine nominative/accusative plural of ya (“who (relative)”)


ye

Inherited from Middle English ye, ȝe, from Old English ġē (“ye”), the nominative case of the second-person plural personal pronoun, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a North-West variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz (“ye”), from Proto-Indo-European *yūs, *yū́ (“ye”), plural of *túh₂.

you (2nd person singular and plural, nominative and accusative)


ye

From Middle English ye, from Old English ġē, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ.

Ye be welcome, hearthilee welcome, mee joees,

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94

You are welcome, heartily welcome, my joys,

Ye be welcome, hearthillee, ivery oan.

Maade a nicest coolecannan that e'er ye did zee.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94

Made the nicest coolecannan that ever you did see.

At ye mye ne'er be wooveless ta vill a lear jock an cooan.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 100

That you may never be unprovided to fill an empty jack and can.


er

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
i (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mi (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mier (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
min (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
miin (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
du (familiar nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
di (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dir (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dier (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
din (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
diin (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
Si (accusative nominative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ine (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ene (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
-ne (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ire (masculine personal polite possessive pronoun second-person singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (accusative feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (feminine masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
's (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-s (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
üs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
öis (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
ois (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eus (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
üse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
öise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
oise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
euse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
ir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ier (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öi (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eu (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öie (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
eure (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
si (accusative nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ine (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ene (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ire (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Cognate with German er.


er

From Middle High German er, from Old High German er (“he”). Cognate with German er.


er

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
iar (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
'z (personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.