se

sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)

sē (canonical)
ego (first-person nominative personal possessive pronoun singular)
meī (first-person genitive personal possessive pronoun singular)
mihi (dative first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
mē (ablative accusative first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
meus (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
-a (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
-um (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tū (nominative personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
tuī (genitive personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
tibi (dative personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
tē (ablative accusative personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
tuus (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
-a (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
-um (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
suī (genitive personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sibi (dative personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sē (ablative accusative personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
sēsē (ablative accusative personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
suus (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
-a (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
-um (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
is (masculine nominative personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ēius (genitive masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
eī (dative masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
eum (accusative masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
eō (ablative masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ēius (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ea (feminine nominative personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ēius (feminine genitive personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
eī (dative feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
eam (accusative feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
eā (ablative feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ēius (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
id (neuter nominative personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ēius (genitive neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
eī (dative neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
id (accusative neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
eō (ablative neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ēius (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
nōs (first-person nominative personal plural possessive pronoun)
nostrī (first-person genitive personal plural possessive pronoun)
nostrum (first-person genitive personal plural possessive pronoun)
nōbīs (dative first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
nōs (accusative first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
nōbīs (ablative first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
noster (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
-tra (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
-trum (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vōs (nominative personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
vestrī (genitive personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
vestrum (genitive personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
vōbīs (dative personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
vōs (accusative personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
vōbīs (ablative personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
vester (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
-tra (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
-trum (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
suī (genitive personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sibi (dative personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sē (ablative accusative personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
sēsē (ablative accusative personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
suus (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
-a (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
-um (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive third-person)
eī (masculine nominative personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
iī (masculine nominative personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eōrum (genitive masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eīs (dative masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eōs (accusative masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eīs (ablative masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eōrum (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eae (feminine nominative personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eārum (feminine genitive personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eīs (dative feminine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eās (accusative feminine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eīs (ablative feminine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eārum (feminine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
ea (neuter nominative personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eōrum (genitive neuter personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eīs (dative neuter personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
ea (accusative neuter personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eīs (ablative neuter personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)
eōrum (neuter personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)

Aromanian: se

Catalan: es, se

Dalmatian: se

Franco-Provençal: sè

French: se, soi

Galician: se

Italian: sé, si, -si

Ladin: se

Occitan: se

Portuguese: se

Romanian: se, sine

Sicilian: si

Spanish: se

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

inh

Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest.

A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.

Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē?

How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)

In mare sē praecipitāvit.

reflexive pronoun
reflexive pronoun#English

(reflexive) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

(reflexive) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun


se

se (nominative singular)
ne (nominative plural)
sīe (genitive singular)
nänt (genitive plural)
siedā (partitive singular)
nēḑi (partitive plural)
sīen (dative singular)
näntõn (dative plural)
sīekõks (instrumental singular)
näntkõks (instrumental plural)
sīezõ (illative singular)
nēži (illative plural)
sīesõ (inessive singular)
nēši (inessive plural)
sīestõ (elative singular)
nēšti (elative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.


se

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself


se

French: se

The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.

The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.

ils se donnerent bataille

they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)


se

Dutch Low Saxon: zee

German Low German: se

Plautdietsch: see

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

(third person singular female nominative) she


se

reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.


se

From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.

Se akanhemu aikú nhaãsé se kirá aikú.

Aé uputari upitá se irũmu.

Se manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.

(second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)


se

sē (canonical)
sē (masculine nominative singular)
þē (masculine nominative singular)
sēo (feminine nominative singular)
þēo (feminine nominative singular)
þæt (neuter nominative singular)
þone (accusative masculine singular)
þā (accusative feminine singular)
þæt (accusative neuter singular)
þæs (genitive masculine singular)
þǣre (feminine genitive singular)
þæs (genitive neuter singular)
þām (dative masculine singular)
þǣm (dative masculine singular)
þǣre (dative feminine singular)
þām (dative neuter singular)
þǣm (dative neuter singular)
þon (instrumental masculine singular)
þȳ (instrumental masculine singular)
þē (instrumental masculine singular)
þǣre (feminine instrumental singular)
þon (instrumental neuter singular)
þȳ (instrumental neuter singular)
þē (instrumental neuter singular)
þā (nominative plural)
þā (accusative plural)
þāra (genitive plural)
þām (dative plural)
þǣm (dative plural)
þām (instrumental plural)
þǣm (instrumental plural)

Middle English: se, ze, sæ

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.

Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.

He went home, and after that I never saw him again.

Iċ eom sē þe cnocaþ.

Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.

Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?

Are you reading this book right now or that one?

Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?

Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?

Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.


se

French: se

himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)

herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)

itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)

oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)

themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)


se

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
de (nominative personal pronoun singular)
dihr (nominative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
dihr (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
eich (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ihne (dative personal pronoun singular)
Ne (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihre (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
re (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ihne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
eich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eich (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)


se

head

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)


se

se-take


se

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).

Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati

Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal

Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal


se

Daj se z tym spokój.

(colloquial, sometimes proscribed) (dative, weak form) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.


se

From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē.

Ela se viu no espelho.

third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themselves

Eu se apresentei no teatro.

(nonstandard, colloquial, Brazil, highly proscribed) first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself

Quando eles se conheceram?

third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another

Nós se beijámos.

(colloquial, nonstandard, Brazil) first-person plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another

E você se diz um professor!

second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves

Vive-se bem em Belém.
One lives well in Belém.
(literally, “Lives oneself well in Belém”)

Vão-se os reis, mas as nações ficam.

accessory, when it is used to embellish the verb without its omission impairing the understanding.

Ele morreu-se.

particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.


se

se sabe oq aconteceu??

(Brazil, Internet slang) Misspelling of cê; "you"


se

(reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves


se

се (Cyrillic)
sȅbe (genitive singular)
se (genitive singular)
sȅbe (genitive plural)
sȅbi (dative singular)
si (dative singular)
sȅbi (dative plural)
sȅbe (accusative singular)
se (accusative singular)
sȅbe (accusative plural)
sȅbi (locative singular)
sȅbi (locative plural)
sȍbōm (instrumental singular)
sȍbom (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)

Kako se zoveš?

What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)

Kako se to kaže na španjolskom?

How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)

Ovdje se govori španjolski

Spanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)

Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti.

World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)

(by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself


se

sébe (genitive)
sébi (dative)
sébe (accusative)
sébi (locative)
sȃbo (instrumental)
sebọ́j (instrumental)
se (genitive singular)
se (dual genitive)
se (genitive plural)
si (dative singular)
si (dative dual)
si (dative plural)
se (accusative singular)
se (accusative dual)
se (accusative plural)
-se (singular)
-se (dual)
-se (plural)
sẹ̑ (singular stressed)
sẹ̑ (dual stressed)
sẹ̑ (plural stressed)

oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself

Dummy pronoun to make a verb intransitive, reflexive, or for reflexive voice.


se

se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

Juan se lava.

Juan se lava la cara.

Juan washes his own face. (literally, “Juan, to himself, washes the face.”)

Juan y María se aman.

third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another

¿Cómo se llama?

What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)

Se dice que...

It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)

Aquí se habla español

Spanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here, Spanish speaks itself here.”)

used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes


se

From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).

El samaritano se las dio.

used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las


se

Alternative form of kᵤse (“who, which”) (colloquial)


se

Estonian: see

Finnish: se, (dialectal) see

Ingrian: se, (dialectal) see, sen

Karelian:

North Karelian: še

South Karelian: še, se

Livonian: se

Livvi: se

Ludian: se

Veps: se

Võro: seo

Votic: se


way

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(dialectal, Metro Cebu) Pronunciation spelling of walay.


soju

soju m (feminine singular soja, masculine and feminine plural soi)

soja (feminine singular)
soi (feminine masculine plural)

Videndi dunca Noemi, chi Rut abìa iltabbiliddu cun animu risolutu di andà cun edda, no la vulisi cuntrarià, nè persuadì di turrà più a li soi
[original: Vedendo adunque Noemi, come Ruth avea fiſſa nell’animo ſuo la riſoluzione di andar con lei, non volle più contradirle, nè conſigliarla a tornare da’ ſuoi.]
[Vedendo adunque Noemi, come Ruth avea fissa nell’animo suo la risoluzione di andar con lei, non volle più contraddirla, né consigliarla a tornare dai suoi.]

1863 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter I, in Giovanni Spano, transl., Lu libru di Rut [The Book of Ruth], London, translation of Il Libro di Ruth (in Italian), verse 18, page 7

Thus Naomi, seeing how Ruth had decided resolutely to go with her, did not want to oppose her, or keep persuading her to return to hers


im-

you, thou (second-person, singular, subject proclitic pronoun)


im-

your, thy (second-person, singular, possessive pronoun)

1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences

with a clitic.2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used.Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope


jeu

of them


pa

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷis); compare Latin quid, Old Irish cid, Modern Irish cad, Cornish py, pe.


side

side (mutation mutation-radical)
ṡide (mutation mutation-nasal)

nominative/accusative singular masculine unstressed

inflection of suide:
genitive singular feminine unstressed


sí

From Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye.

Reflexive prepositional pronoun; oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another


sí

sise (emphatic)
sí (mutation mutation-radical)
shí (lenition mutation)
tsí (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish sí, from Proto-Celtic *sī, from Proto-Indo-European *sih₂.


sí

Irish: sí

Manx: ee

Scottish Gaelic: i

From Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Welsh hi), from a blend of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”) + *íh₂.

Sí fri gábud condon·fóir.

Is sí thol Dée.


sí

Inherited from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, and Portuguese si.

para sí

himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself, yourselves (form of se used after prepositions)

masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown

when the subject is plural and of mixed gender

Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity

Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to


ach

(Sette Comuni) accusative of iart: you (plural; polite singular)


kim

kim (definite accusative kimi, plural kimlər)

kimi (accusative definite)
kimlər (plural)
kim (nominative singular)
kimlər (nominative plural)
kimi (accusative definite singular)
kimləri (accusative definite plural)
kimə (dative singular)
kimlərə (dative plural)
kimdə (locative singular)
kimlərdə (locative plural)
kimdən (ablative singular)
kimlərdən (ablative plural)
kimin (definite genitive singular)
kimlərin (definite genitive plural)
kimim (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
kimlərim (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
kimin (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
kimlərin (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
kimi (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
kimləri (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
kimimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
kimlərimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
kiminiz (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
kimləriniz (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
kimi (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimləri (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimləri (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
kimimi (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
kimlərimi (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
kimini (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
kimlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
kimini (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
kimlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
kimimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
kimlərimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
kiminizi (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
kimlərinizi (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
kimini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərini (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
kimimə (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
kimlərimə (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
kiminə (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
kimlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
kiminə (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
kimlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
kimimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
kimlərimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
kiminizə (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
kimlərinizə (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
kiminə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərinə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərinə (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
kimimdə (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
kimlərimdə (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
kimində (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
kimlərində (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
kimində (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
kimlərində (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
kimimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
kimlərimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
kiminizdə (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
kimlərinizdə (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
kimində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərində (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
kimimdən (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
kimlərimdən (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
kimindən (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
kimlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
kimindən (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
kimlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
kimimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
kimlərimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
kiminizdən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
kimlərinizdən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
kimindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərindən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
kimimin (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
kimlərimin (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
kiminin (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
kimlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
kiminin (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
kimlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
kimimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
kimlərimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
kiminizin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
kimlərinizin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
kiminin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərinin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
kimlərinin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Turkish kim, Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), etc.


kim

kim (nominative)
kimniñ (genitive)
kimge (dative)
kimni (accusative)
kimde (locative)
kimden (ablative)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).


kim

we; us (1st person plural exclusive absolutive form)


kim

kim (nominative singular)
kimet (accusative singular)
kimnek (dative singular)
kimmel (instrumental singular)
kimért (causal-final singular)
kimmé (singular translative)
kimig (singular terminative)
kimként (essive-formal singular)
kimben (inessive singular)
kimen (singular superessive)
kimnél (adessive singular)
kimbe (illative singular)
kimre (singular sublative)
kimhez (allative singular)
kimből (elative singular)
kimről (delative singular)
kimtől (ablative singular)
kimé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
kiméi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)

ki (“who”) + -m (“my, of mine”, possessive suffix)

affix

Kim vagy te nekem? - Én nem Kim vagyok, hanem a bácsikád.

Who of mine are you? - I'm not Kim but your uncle.

first-person singular single-possession possessive of ki


kim

From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Relate to Crimean Tatar kim ,Karachay-Balkar ким (kim) ,Kumyk ким (kim) , Urum ким (kim) ,Tofa ӄум (qum), Tuvan кым (kım), etc.


kim

kȋm (canonical)
ки̑м (Cyrillic)
tkȍ (nominative plural singular)
kȍ (nominative plural singular)
kȍg (genitive plural singular)
kòga (genitive plural singular)
kȍm (dative plural singular)
kòmu (dative plural singular)
kòme (dative plural singular)
kȍg. kòga (accusative plural singular)
kòm (locative plural singular)
kòme (locative plural singular)
kȋm (instrumental plural singular)
kíme (instrumental plural singular)


kim

kim (nominative singular)
kimler (nominative plural)
kimi (accusative definite singular)
kimleri (accusative definite plural)
kime (dative singular)
kimlere (dative plural)
kimde (locative singular)
kimlerde (locative plural)
kimden (ablative singular)
kimlerden (ablative plural)
kimin (genitive singular)
kimlerin (genitive plural)

From Ottoman Turkish كیم (kim, “who”), from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), Karakhanid كِمْ (kim, “who”).


etwas

From Old High German eddeshwaz, from edde- + hwaz (edde- = some, hwaz = what). Compare Icelandic eitthvað, Dutch ietwat.


chi

From Latin quis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis, *kʷos.


chi

From Latin quī, from Old Latin quei, from Proto-Italic *kʷoi.


chi

From Latin quis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís. Cognates include French qui and Italian chi.


chi

From Latin quid, from Proto-Italic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid.

(relative, Limba Sarda Comuna) who, whom, which (nominative and accusative case)


chi

From a conflation of Latin quia, quod, and other conjunctions.

Lu giràniu, chi ha curori dibessi, dura umbè di tempu fioriddu

(literally, “The geranium, which has different colors, lasts a lot of time in blossom”)

Geraniums, which have various colors, stay in blossom for a long time


chi

Cognate with gì (the form affected by lenition) and Muong Bi chi.

Mi mần chi rứa?

Cuộc tình đến rồi đi. Buồn làm chi nhung nhớ làm gì.

(Can we date this quote?), “Tình đến rồi đi [Love Comes and Goes]”, performed by Thu Thủy

Love comes and goes. Why be sad? Why be tormented by it?

(Central Vietnam, literary elsewhere) what; whatever


chi

From Middle Welsh chwi, from Proto-Celtic *swīs (compare Breton c’hwi, Cornish hwi, Old Irish síi), from Proto-Indo-European *wos.


mit

Mit gondolsz?

Mit szórakozol velem?


dü

Inherited from Old Frisian thū; see it for more.


wat

Variation of what, used for humorous effect.

(informal, Internet, text messaging) Alternative spelling of what


wat

From Dutch wat, from Middle Dutch wat, from Old Dutch wat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód, *kʷod.

Wat het julle gedrink?

die man wat hier woon

die huis wat ons gebou het

(relative, personal and non-personal, subject and object) who, whom, which, that

personal and non-personal; subject and object; personal and non-personal; subject and object

die meisie wat ek mee gedans het

die maatskappy wat ek voor gewerk het

(relative, personal and non-personal, with preposition stranding) who, which, that

die land wat se president afgetree het

the country whose president stepped down

(relative, non-personal, before se) whose, of which


wat

Berbice Creole Dutch: wa, wati

Javindo: wat

Jersey Dutch: wāt, wot

Negerhollands: wat, awa, wa

Petjo: wat

Skepi Creole Dutch: what

From Middle Dutch wat, from Old Dutch wat, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód, *kʷod, compare West Frisian wat, English what, German was, Danish hvad.

(1) Wat is dat?

(2) Wat wil je doen?

(interrogative) what: e.g. (1) asking for a subject complement; (2) asking for a sentence object

(1) Ik weet niet wat ik wil doen.

(2) Jij moet afblijven van wat jij daar ziet.

(relative) what: e.g. (1) as the object of a sentence; (2) ditto

(1) Geef mij maar alles wat eetbaar is.

Please give me everything that is edible.

(2) Het duurste wat er was.

(relative) that: e.g. (1) modifying an indefinite pronoun like iets, niets, alles or het enige; (2) modifying an adjective that is used as a noun, usually a superlative

(1) Hij nam precies datgene wat ik had gewild

He took exactly that which I had wanted.

(2) Jantje deed het in z’n broek, wat zijn moeder in verlegenheid bracht.

John did it in his pants, which embarrassed his mother

demonstrative pronoun
demonstrative pronoun

(relative) which: e.g. (1) modifying the demonstrative pronouns dat and datgene; (2) referring back to an entire sentence

(1) Daar loopt wat rond.

(2) Dat is aardig wat!

That is quite something! [i.e. "That is quite a lot!"]

(indefinite) something: e.g. (1) as subject; (2) as subject complement


wat

A regional form adopted into colloquial standard German. In western Germany from Central Franconian wat, from northern Middle High German wat, from northern Old High German hwat, an unshifted relict form possibly due to Frankish influence. In northern Germany from German Low German wat, from Middle Low German wat, from Old Saxon hwat. Doublet of was.

Wat überlegste?

(colloquial, regional) alternative form of was


wat

Wat ass däin Numm?

Ech weess net, wat ech maache soll.


wat

Afrikaans: wat

Dutch: wat

Limburgish: waat

From Old Dutch wat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat.


wat

head

wat (accusative wēne or wen, dative wēme or wem, genitive wes)

wēne (accusative)
wen (accusative)
wēme (dative)
wem (dative)
wes (genitive)

From Old Saxon hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat.


wat

From Old Frisian wit, from Proto-West Germanic *wit.

(first person dual personal pronoun) we two, both of us, us two


wat

desctree

Middle Dutch: wat
Afrikaans: wat
Dutch: wat
Limburgish: waat


wat

From Old Frisian hwet, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód.

Wat sizze hja?


tie

those; nominative plural masculine of tas


si

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
i (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mi (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mier (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
min (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
miin (first-person masculine personal possessive pronoun singular)
du (familiar nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
dich (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
di (accusative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dir (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
dier (dative familiar personal pronoun second-person singular)
din (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
diin (familiar masculine personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
Si (accusative nominative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ine (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ene (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
-ne (dative personal polite pronoun second-person singular)
Ire (masculine personal polite possessive pronoun second-person singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
in (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (accusative feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ire (feminine masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
's (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-s (accusative neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
im (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
siin (masculine neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
üs (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
öis (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
ois (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
eus (accusative dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
üse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
öise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
oise (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
euse (first-person masculine personal plural possessive pronoun)
ir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ier (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öi (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
eu (accusative dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
öie (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
eure (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
si (accusative nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ine (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ene (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-ne (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
ire (masculine personal plural possessive pronoun third-person)

From Old High German siu, from Proto-Germanic *sī. Cognate with German sie (“she; it”), Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si), Old English sēo.

it (for referents of the feminine grammatical gender)


si

From Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.


si

jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)


si

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
iar (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
'z (personal pronoun singular third-person)
se (personal plural pronoun third-person)

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.


si

to oneself

to myself

Posluž si. ― Serve yourself.

to himself

to herself

to itself

to ourselves

to yourselves

to themselves


si

head

si (reflexive, accusative sin, possessive sia)

From Italian si, French soi, Spanish se, Latin se, plus the i of personal pronouns.

himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself


si

As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?

The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, Fala is yet another treasure among them.


si

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.


si

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Spanish se and Portuguese se and si.

inh

with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects

Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms

the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language

and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead

Il tuo gatto si lava sul mio letto.

Your cat cleans himself/itself on my bed.

La tua gatta si lava sul mio letto.

Marco si è rotto il braccio.

(reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Carlo e Laura si amano.

(reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another

In Italia si pranza intorno all'una.

In Italia si tende ad andare a letto tardi.

In Italy, people tend to go to bed late.

Si dice che Maria volesse uccidere Giovanni.

It is said that Maria wanted to kill Giovanni.

Da questa finestra si vede la banca.

Si vende latte. / Vendesi latte.

Non si accettano carte di credito.

(si passivante) Used to form the passive voice of a verb; it

We walked for six kilometers.

Se semo fatti sei chilometri a fette. (Ci siamo fatti sei chilometri a piedi.)

Let's love each other.

Do you want to split?

Ambo se poseremo in questo prato
e domatina, come il giorno pare,

1483, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Innamorato, I, XVIII, lines 37–39

We will both lay down in this meadow
and tomorrow morning, when the day appears,
together we will go back to fight.

(dialectal, notably Rome) reflexive and reciprocal first person pronoun, where Standard Italian uses ci


si

ech (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular stressed)
mech (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mer (dative first-person personal pronoun singular unstressed)
like dat. and acc. (first-person personal pronoun reflexive singular)
du (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
de (informal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
dech (accusative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
dir (dative informal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
like dat. and acc. (informal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
Dir (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Der (formal nominative personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (accusative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
Iech [əɕ] (dative formal personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
Iech (formal personal pronoun reflexive second-person singular)
hien (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hien (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
en (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
him (dative masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (masculine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
si (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
si (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hir (dative feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
er (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (feminine personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
hatt (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
hatt (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
et (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
't (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed clitic)
him (dative neuter personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
em (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
sech (neuter personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
mir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun stressed)
mer (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun unstressed)
eis (ons) (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (dative first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
eis (ons) (first-person personal plural pronoun reflexive)
dir (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (dative personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
iech [əɕ] (dative personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
iech (personal plural pronoun reflexive second-person)
si (nominative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
si (accusative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hinnen (dative personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
en (dative personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
sech (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)

Si ass eng ganz schéi Fra.

third-person feminine singular, nominative: she

Den Hond huet si gebass.

third-person feminine singular, accusative: her

Si si ganz schéi Fraen.

Den Hond huet si gebass.


si

ic (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hi (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
het (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
wi (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
gi (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
si (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mi (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
di (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hem (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hen (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
haer (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
het (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
ons (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
u (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
hem (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
hen (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mi (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
di (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
hem (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hen (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
haer (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
hem (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
hen (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
ons (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
u (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
hem (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
hen (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
mijn (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
dijn (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sijn (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
haer (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
sijn (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
onse (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
uwe (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
haer (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)

Dutch: zij

Afrikaans: sy

Limburgish: zie


si

Dutch: zij

Limburgish: zie


si

i (first-person personal pronoun singular)
biar (first-person personal plural pronoun)
du (personal pronoun second-person singular)
ir (personal plural pronoun second-person)
er (personal pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (personal pronoun singular third-person)
sei (personal plural pronoun third-person)


si

From Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, Spanish sí.

(following a preposition) oneself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves


si

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Italian si, Portuguese si and se.

La camìsgia si la pònini li manni

Adults wear shirts (literally, “The adults put the shirt on themselves”)

Eddi s'àmani

Lu zipressu si dizi "àiburu di campusantu"


si

си (Cyrillic)
sȅbe (genitive singular)
se (genitive singular)
sȅbe (genitive plural)
sȅbi (dative singular)
si (dative singular)
sȅbi (dative plural)
sȅbe (accusative singular)
se (accusative singular)
sȅbe (accusative plural)
sȅbi (locative singular)
sȅbi (locative plural)
sȍbōm (instrumental singular)
sȍbom (instrumental plural)

(reflexive) Replaces the dative of a personal pronoun when the subject is of the same person as the dative object; to oneself (clitic dative singular of sȅbe (“oneself”))

Kako li je samo zaboravio gdje si je parkirao auto?

Just how did he forget where he parked his car?

(reflexive, emphatic, possessive, dative) one's, of oneself (clitic dative singular of sebe (“one”))


si

Kupujem si topánky.

Komu kupuješ topánky? Sebe.


si

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: си (si)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: си (si)

Church Slavonic: си (si)

Bulgarian: си (si)

Macedonian: си (si)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си

Latin script: si

Slovene: si

West Slavic:

Czech: si

Slovak: si

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


si

Northern

Evenki: си (si)

Even: һӣ (ḥī)

Negidal: сӣ (sī)

Central

Oroch: си (si)

Udihe: си (si)

South-Eastern

Nanai: си (si)

Orok: си (si)

Ulch: си (si)

South-Western

Jurchen: ši, 失 (shi /ši/)

Manchu: ᠰᡳ (si)

Compare Proto-Turkic *sẹ (“you”) and Proto-Mongolic *ci (“you”).

-si

second-person singuler possessive suffix


si

Proto-Chadic: *sV

Egyptian: sw


té

singular feminine genitive/dative/locative of ten


té

From Old Irish intí; synchronically analyzable as t- (marker of t-prothesis) + é (“him”).


well

From Middle High German welich, from Old High German welih. Compare German welch.


los

head

los (enclitic, contracted 'ls, proclitic els)

'ls (contracted)
els (proclitic)
jo (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
mi (first-person personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
em (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (direct-object first-person objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (direct-object enclitic first-person objective personal pronoun singular weak)
em (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
m’ (first-person indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-me (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’m (enclitic first-person indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular weak)
meu (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
nós (first-person formal majestic personal pronoun singular strong subjective)
ens (direct-object first-person formal majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (direct-object enclitic first-person formal majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
ens (first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal proclitic pronoun singular weak)
-nos (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
’ns (enclitic first-person formal indirect-object majestic objective personal pronoun singular weak)
nostre (first-person formal majestic personal possessive pronoun singular)
tu (personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
et (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
et (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
t’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-te (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’t (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
teu (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vós (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
us (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
us (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-vos (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
-us (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
vostre (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
vostè (formal personal pronoun second-person singular strong subjective)
el (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
l’ (direct-object formal objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
li (formal indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular weak)
-li (enclitic formal indirect-object objective personal pronoun second-person singular weak)
seu (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
ell (masculine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
el (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-lo (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
’l (direct-object enclitic masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object masculine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ella (feminine personal pronoun singular strong subjective third-person)
la (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
l’ (direct-object feminine objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-la (direct-object enclitic feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (feminine indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic feminine indirect-object objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
ho (direct-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-ho (direct-object enclitic neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
li (indirect-object neuter objective personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person weak)
-li (enclitic indirect-object neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person weak)
seu (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person)
si (personal pronoun reflexive singular strong subjective third-person)
es (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (direct-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (direct-object enclitic objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
es (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
s’ (indirect-object objective personal proclitic pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
-se (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
’s (enclitic indirect-object objective personal pronoun reflexive singular third-person weak)
seu (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular third-person)
nosaltres (first-person personal plural pronoun)
ens (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-nos (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
’ns (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
nostre (first-person personal plural pronoun)
vosaltres (personal plural pronoun second-person)
us (personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-vos (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
-us (enclitic personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostre (personal plural pronoun second-person)
vostès (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
els (formal personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
-los (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
’ls (enclitic formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
seu (formal personal plural pronoun second-person)
ells (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
elles (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
les (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-les (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
els (feminine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
-los (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
’ls (enclitic feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
seu (feminine personal plural pronoun third-person)
si (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
es (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
s’ (personal plural proclitic pronoun reflexive third-person)
-se (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
’s (enclitic personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
seu (personal plural pronoun reflexive third-person)
en (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
n’ (ablative genitive personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-ne (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
’n (ablative enclitic genitive personal plural pronoun)
hi (locative personal plural proclitic pronoun)
-hi (enclitic locative personal plural pronoun)

perdoneu-los

doneu-los una moneda

them (masculine, direct or indirect object)

digueu-los la veritat


los

them (third-person plural masculine accusative)

2 Generally preceded by a definite article


los

Alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic and mesoclitic following a verb form ending in a consonant (-z, -r and -s, but not -m); the consonant is elided and the preceding vowel takes an accent if necessary


los

accusative of ellos and ustedes (when referring to more than one man); them, you all (formal or (Latin America) informal)

ellos and ustedes

los que no hablan


ihr

ich (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
du (nominative personal pronoun singular)
-e (nominative personal pronoun singular)
er (masculine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (feminine nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (neuter nominative personal pronoun singular third-person)
wir (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
ihr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (nominative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (nominative personal pronoun)
Ihr (nominative personal pronoun)
meiner (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
mein (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
deiner (genitive personal pronoun singular)
dein (genitive personal pronoun singular)
seiner (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihrer (feminine genitive personal pronoun singular third-person)
seiner (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
sein (genitive neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
unser (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
euer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
ihrer (genitive personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihrer (genitive personal pronoun)
Euer (genitive personal pronoun)
mir (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dir (dative personal pronoun singular)
ihm (dative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihr (dative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ihm (dative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (dative personal plural pronoun)
ihnen (dative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Ihnen (dative personal pronoun)
Euch (dative personal pronoun)
mich (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
dich (accusative personal pronoun singular)
ihn (accusative masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sie (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
-se (accusative feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
es (accusative neuter personal pronoun singular third-person)
uns (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
euch (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
-se (accusative personal plural pronoun third-person)
Sie (accusative personal pronoun)
Euch (accusative personal pronoun)

From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with Low German ji, jie, Yiddish איר (ir), Dutch jij, gij, je, Middle Dutch ir, English ye, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jūs).


ihr

Hast du ihr das Buch gegeben?


ihr

first person inclusive remote plural; all of them


dis

Representing a colloquial or dialectal pronunciation with th-stopping of this.


dis

(Sette Comuni) Alternative form of ditzan


cos

Psychiatrists are trained to try to impose the responsibility for a patient’s problem on the patient coself, rather than on cos environment.

1973, Michael Glenn, Richard Kunnes, Repression or Revolution?: Therapy in the United States Today, Harper Colophon Books, page 53

WHEREAS a child’s sexuality is just as much a part of cos whole person from birth as the blood that flows in cos veins, making cos sexual rights inherent and inalienable […]

1975, Valida Davila, “A Child’s Sexual Bill of Rights”, in Bernhardt J. Hurwood, editor, The Whole Sex Catalogue, New York, N.Y.: Pinnacle Books, published 1976, page 287

Co absents coself from the Community for more than three weeks beyond the point of having made satisfactory arrangements with the Community with regard to cos absence.

1986, Ingrid Komar, Living the Dream: Twin Oaks Community 1979-1982, Louisa, Va.: Twin Oaks Community, →OCLC, page 355

(nonstandard) Belonging to co. Gender-neutral possessive adjective, grammatically equivalent to the gendered his and her and the singular their.


cos

cos (nominative singular)
čehos (genitive singular)
čemus (dative singular)
cos (accusative singular)
čems (locative singular)
číms (instrumental singular)


cos

From co + -s. Compare Polish coś and Slovincian cesz.


awe

From Portuguese hoje and Spanish hoy and Kabuverdianu ochi.


awe

-awe (canonical)
waawe (indefinite singular)
baawe (indefinite plural)
owaawe (definite singular)
abaawe (definite plural)
gwawe (indefinite singular)
yaawe (indefinite plural)
ogwawe (definite singular)
eyaawe (definite plural)
lyawe (indefinite singular)
gaawe (indefinite plural)
eryawe (definite singular)
agaawe (definite plural)
kyawe (indefinite singular)
byawe (indefinite plural)
ekyawe (definite singular)
ebyawe (definite plural)
yaawe (indefinite singular)
zaawe (indefinite plural)
eyaawe (definite singular)
ezaawe (definite plural)
rwawe (indefinite singular)
orwawe (definite singular)
kaawe (indefinite singular)
bwawe (indefinite plural)
akaawe (definite singular)
obwawe (definite plural)
twawe (indefinite plural)
otwawe (definite plural)
bwawe (indefinite singular)
obwawe (definite singular)
kwawe (indefinite singular)
okwawe (definite singular)
haawe (class-16 indefinite singular)
ahaawe (class-16 definite singular)
mwawe (class-18 indefinite singular)
omwawe (class-18 definite singular)

your (second-person singular possessive pronoun)


ini

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.


ini

From Malay ini, from Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)


ini

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni (compare Indonesian ini).

this (the thing, item, etc. being pointed)


ini

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.


ini

From Proto-Oceanic *(i-)ni (“this”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.


ini

Possibly related to the stem found in Ternate ngoni.

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun

following standard West Makian vowel harmony


kissa

masculine/neuter genitive/dative singular of ka


net

From ne (“they”) + -t (nominative plural). Compare Estonian need.

(now dialectal, demonstrative) Alternative form of ne.

(dialectal, personal) Alternative form of he.


net

se (nominative singular)
net (nominative plural)
sen (genitive singular)
niitten (genitive plural)
niinen (genitive plural)
sitä (partitive singular)
niitä (partitive plural)
siihen (illative singular)
niihin (illative plural)
siinä (inessive singular)
niissä (inessive plural)
siitä (elative singular)
siittä (elative singular)
niistä (elative plural)
sille (allative singular)
sillet (allative singular)
niile (allative plural)
niilet (allative plural)
sillä (adessive singular)
niilä (adessive plural)
siltä (ablative singular)
niiltä (ablative plural)
sinä (singular translative)
niinä (plural translative)
siksi (essive singular)
niiksi (essive plural)

From Finnish ne, from Proto-Finnic *nek. Cognates include Meänkieli net.


net

From Proto-Finnic *nek + -t (“nominative plural suffix”). Compare Finnish ne, net.


yam

(Northern, northern East Midlands) Alternative form of þem (“them”)


sein

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“his own, her own, its own, their own”) (a reflexive possessive), from genitive of Proto-Indo-European *swé with denominative suffix Proto-Indo-European *-nós, equivalent to the genitive form of *se-.
Cognate with Low German sien (“his, its”), Dutch zijn (“his, its”), Danish sin (“his, her, its, their”), Old English sīn (“his, its”).

syn

frühneuhochdeutsch, for example used by the following authors: Sebastian Brant, Das Narrenschiff, 1494; Jacob Ruff, Adam und Heva


seine

inflection of seiner:
nominative/accusative feminine singular

inflection of seiner:
nominative/accusative plural


jaw

your (second personal pronoun plural possessive)


mehr

From Middle High German mēre, from Old High German mēro, from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *maizô, from Proto-Indo-European *mē- (“many”). See English more for more.

sich für mehr halten

Mehr will er nicht bezahlen.

Er sieht mehr als ich.


fo

From Old Irish fo, from Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, up from under”).

under him/it


fo

Reduction of efô, emphatic form of ef (“he (literary)”).


fo

az avare ye trad dicke londe yer name waz ee-kent var ee vriene o' livertie, an He fo brake ye neckarès o' zlaves.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 12-14

for before your foot pressed the soil, your name was known to us as the friend of liberty, and he who broke the fetters of the slave.

Ochone! to fo shul Ich maak mee moan,

1927, “LAMENT OF A WIDOW”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 130, line 1

Fo naar had looke var to be brides,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 2

Fo laately got tackled to Kakeen Lurkaan,

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 2

Who lately got tackled to Catherine Larkin,


je

The traditional form is i but je is found as early as in the first recorded texts in Bourguignon. However nowadays, it is rare to find it, most speakers saying i as it is a typical feature of Bourguignon.


je

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jь, *ja, *je, originally from Proto-Indo-European *eno-, *ono-, *no-.

third-person singular/plural accusative of ono


je

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

Jersey Dutch: je

Wat doe je daar?

subjective unstressed form of jij (“you (singular)”)

Ik doe dit wel voor je.

Hoe gaat het met je? — Goed. En met jou?

How are you? — I'm good. What about you?

objective unstressed form of jij (“you (singular)”)

Wat doe je daar?

subjective unstressed form of jullie (“you (plural), y'all”)

Ik doe dit wel voor je.

objective unstressed form of jullie (“you (plural), y'all”)

Je mag hier niet zwemmen.

In dat restaurant kun je heerlijk eten.

There is great food to be had in that restaurant.

„Als je als directeur ondernemend van aard bent en je kunt goed leidinggeven, dan ben je natuurlijk wel gelukkig met meer vrijheid. Maar dat geldt voor veel directeuren niet.(...)"

1995 May 23, Marleen Barth, “'Politiek moet leren luisteren naar scholen' ['Politicians must learn to listen to schools']”, in Trouw, page 4

"If a headteacher is entrepreneurial by nature and if he or she is a good manager, they'll obviously be happy with more freedom. But this does not apply to many headteachers.(...)"

(indefinite personal pronoun, informal) one, people, you, someone, anyone; an unspecified individual or group of individuals (as subject or object)

Je gaat wel even een moeilijk periode door, maar je zoekt toch naar een oplossing.

I did go through a difficult period, but I looked for a solution nonetheless.

Het echtpaar Duijm uit Spijkenisse toog zo'n vier maanden geleden naar de Kamer van Koophandel omdat meneer en mevrouw wel wat zagen in een strijkservice. (...) „Voor ƒ 58 inschrijfgeld waren we plotseling directeur en directrice. Na afloop voel je weer de frisse lucht buiten en dan denk je wel even: waar zijn we aan begonnen?"
About four months ago, Mr and Mrs Duijm from Spijkenisse went to the Chamber of Commerce because the couple saw business potential for an ironing service. (...) "For a ƒ58 registration fee, we were suddenly CEOs. Afterwards, I felt the fresh outside air again and at that moment I did think to myself: what did we get ourselves into?"

1994 December 31, Wang An Oe, “'Voor een paar tientjes was ik ineens directeur' ['For a couple of tenners, I suddenly became a CEO']”, in Leeuwarder Courant, page 17

Hoe gaat het nou?

2022 October 31, Gummbah, De Volkskrant (cartoon), retrieved 2022-11-23

How are things?
Bad! After all, I just buried my mother, right?

Slecht !... Ja, je hebt toch net je moeder begraven, hè

(personal pronoun, colloquial) I, one; used to talk about oneself indirectly, especially about feelings or personal experiences


je

Heb je je gewassen?

reflexive of jij (“you (singular)”): yourself

Hebben jullie je goed voorbereid?

reflexive of jullie (“you (plural), y'all”): yourselves


je

head

je (first person singular, plural nous, object me, emphatic moi, possessive determiner mon)

nous (plural)
moi (emphatic)
mon (determiner possessive)

From Middle French je, from Old French je, from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

3 Also used when a group has both men and women

4 Also used as third person plural reflexive


je

you (second-person singular subjective personal pronoun)


je

meg (accusative)
me (accusative dialectal)

(pre-1938 or dialectal) alternative form of eg (“I”)


je

Angevin: je

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: je

Bourguignon: i, je

Champenois: ju

Franc-Comtois: i

desctree

Middle French: ie, je, i', j' (elided)
French: je, j’
Norman: jeo, je

Gallo: je

Lorrain: i, idj, jge, dje, jé

Orléanais: je

Picard: ej, jou

Poitevin-Saintongeais: jhe

Walloon: dji

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

qant je vos voi de tel meniere


je

је (Cyrillic)
ȏn (masculine nominative singular)
òna (feminine nominative singular)
òno (neuter nominative singular)
òni (masculine nominative plural)
òne (feminine nominative plural)
òna (neuter nominative plural)
njȅga (genitive masculine singular)
ga (genitive masculine singular)
njȇ (feminine genitive singular)
je (feminine genitive singular)
njȅga (genitive neuter singular)
ga (genitive neuter singular)
njȋh (genitive masculine plural)
ih (genitive masculine plural)
njȋh (feminine genitive plural)
ih (feminine genitive plural)
njȋh (genitive neuter plural)
ih (genitive neuter plural)
njȅmu (dative masculine singular)
mu (dative masculine singular)
njȏj (dative feminine singular)
joj (dative feminine singular)
njȅmu (dative neuter singular)
mu (dative neuter singular)
njȉma (dative masculine plural)
im (dative masculine plural)
njȉma (dative feminine plural)
im (dative feminine plural)
njȉma (dative neuter plural)
im (dative neuter plural)
njȅga (accusative masculine singular)
ga (accusative masculine singular)
nj (accusative masculine singular)
njȗ (accusative feminine singular)
ju (accusative feminine singular)
je (accusative feminine singular)
njȅga (accusative neuter singular)
ga (accusative neuter singular)
nj (accusative neuter singular)
njȋh (accusative masculine plural)
ih (accusative masculine plural)
njȋh (accusative feminine plural)
ih (accusative feminine plural)
njȋh (accusative neuter plural)
ih (accusative neuter plural)
njȅm (locative masculine singular)
njȅmu (locative masculine singular)
njȏj (feminine locative singular)
njȅm (locative neuter singular)
njȅmu (locative neuter singular)
njȉma (locative masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine locative plural)
njȉma (locative neuter plural)
njȋm (instrumental masculine singular)
njíme (instrumental masculine singular)
njȏm (feminine instrumental singular)
njóme (feminine instrumental singular)
njȋm (instrumental neuter singular)
njíme (instrumental neuter singular)
njȉma (instrumental masculine plural)
njȉma (feminine instrumental plural)
njȉma (instrumental neuter plural)

of her (clitic genitive singular of òna (“she”))

her (clitic accusative singular of òna (“she”))


sie

head

sie (third person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative sir, possessive adjective hir, possessive noun hirs, reflexive hirself)

en-pron

sir (accusative)
hir (adjective possessive)
hirs (noun possessive)
hirself (reflexive)

If the child is about the intellectual equal of the parent, sie will eventually start holding hir own in discussions, […]

1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, “punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet)

"You must be Ash," sie said, hir voice a shade deeper than Amaranth's.

2010 September 16, Jessica Freely, Amaranth and Ash, La Vergne: Lightning Source, page 101

Sie may feel that hir actual identity of hir gender is supposed to be both/neither male or female, outside of gender, third gender, beyond gender, absence of gender, mixing gender, changing gender, or all genders.

2011 May 19, Ken Wickham, The Other Genders: Androgyne, Genderqueer, Non-Binary Gender Variant, CreateSpace, page 7

When I asked hir about hir preferred self-identification in this scene, sie offered me this language, 'sie sharply performs the hotness of teasing all the audience from the edge-space of androgyny.'

2011 August 16, Petra Kuppers, Disability Culture and Community Performance: Find a Strange and Twisted Shape, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, →LCCN, LCC PN1590.H36 K87 2011, page 18

(rare, nonstandard) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered pronouns he and she


sie

Dialectal variant of sinä (through siä); see it and its etymon, Proto-Finnic *cinä, for more.

(personal) you (second-person singular personal pronoun)


sie

From Middle High German siu, si, from Old High German siu, si, from Proto-West Germanic *si(j)u, *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī (see Proto-Germanic *iz). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).

Das ist meine Katze. Sie heißt Lili. ( Audio: (file)

Ich suche Vanessa. Hast du sie gesehen? ( Audio: (file)

I'm looking for Vanessa. Have you seen her?

Scheint die Sonne noch? Nein, sie ist schon untergegangen. ( Audio: (file)

Is the sun still shining? No, it has already gone down.

Ich suche meine Brieftasche. Hast du sie gesehen? ( Audio: (file)

I'm looking for my wallet. Have you seen it?

it (when the object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine [die])

Die Geisel Richard Meier versuchte, sich zu befreien, aber sie schaffte es nicht.

The hostage Richard Meier tried to break free, but he didn’t succeed.

Die Wache Michael Müller beschädigte ihr Gewehr, wofür ihr Vorgesetzter sie bestrafte.
The guardsman Michael Müller damaged his rifle, and his supervisor punished him for that.

he (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a male person, is feminine [die])


sie

From Middle High German sie, si (neuter siu), from Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).