undar

desctree

Old English: under
Middle English: under, vnder, onder
English: under
Scots: unner
Yola: unnere

Old Frisian: under

North Frisian: öner

Saterland Frisian: unner

West Frisian: ûnder

Old Saxon: undar
Middle Low German: under, ünder, ynder
Low German: ünner
Plautdietsch: unja

Old Dutch: under

Middle Dutch: onder

Dutch: onder
Afrikaans: onder
Berbice Creole Dutch: ondro
Negerhollands: onder, ondu, undu
→ Aukan: ondoo

Limburgish: ónger

Old High German: untar, undar, under
Middle High German: unter
German: unter
Hunsrik: unne
Luxembourgish: ënner
Yiddish: אונטער (unter)


quddiem

quddiemi (first-person singular)
quddiemna (first-person plural)
quddiemek (second-person singular)
quddiemkom (plural second-person)
quddiemu (masculine singular third-person)
quddiemha (feminine singular third-person)
quddiemhom (plural third-person)
quddiem iċ- · quddiem id- · quddiem in- (definite feminine masculine xemxin-assimilation)
quddiem iċ- · quddiem id- · quddiem in- (definite singular xemxin-assimilation)
quddiem iċ- · quddiem id- · quddiem in- (definite xemxin-assimilation)
quddiem iċ- · quddiem id- · quddiem in- (definite feminine masculine singular xemxin-assimilation)
quddiem ix- · quddiem iz- · quddiem iż- (definite feminine masculine xemxin-assimilation)
quddiem ix- · quddiem iz- · quddiem iż- (definite singular xemxin-assimilation)
quddiem ix- · quddiem iz- · quddiem iż- (definite xemxin-assimilation)
quddiem ix- · quddiem iz- · quddiem iż- (definite feminine masculine singular xemxin-assimilation)
quddiem il- (qamrin-unassimilation)

before (in front of; position in front of)

in the presence (of), in s.o/s.th's presence


qabel

qabli (first-person singular)
qabilna (first-person plural)
qablek (second-person singular)
qabilkom (plural second-person)
qablu (masculine singular third-person)
qabilha (feminine singular third-person)
qabilhom (plural third-person)

Dan minħabba l-interess li dejjem wera għat-tagħlim ferm qabel il-Griegi u r-Rumani.

2022, Alfred Massa, Il-Ħarba, Horizons, →ISBN, page 5:

Setgħet ġibdet lejn il-Mellieħa, mit-triq jew mill-passaġġ, jew qabdet it-triq tal-Imġiebaħ, inkella minn ħdejn il-lukanda għan-naħa t’Għajn Ħadid, jew jista’ jkun anke telqet lejn Forti Campbell iktar kmieni, qabel ma wasalt jien.

2018, Antoinette Borg, Amina, Merlin Publishers, →ISBN:


non obstante

Non obstante the Change of Religion, the Plough-boies, and also the Schooleboies will keep-up and retain their old Ceremonies and Customes and priviledges.

1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 40:

(obsolete) notwithstanding, regardless of, despite


unnear

Where the Earth was couer'd with her Floud, now Citties stand, vnneere the Oceans Brim.

1612, John Davies of Hereford, The Muse's Sacrifice:

easy wheatfields of the Berry where Joseph was born (not unnear George Sand's beloved home at Nohant)

2000, Harry Guest, The Artist on the Artist:

(chiefly obsolete) Not near; at a distance from.


gagin

Proto-West Germanic: *gagin

Old English: ġeġn, gæġn, ġēan
Middle English: gain, ȝæn
English: gain (obsolete)
Scots: gain, gin

Old Frisian: jēn, jōn

North Frisian: jen, jien

Saterland Frisian: juun

West Frisian: jin

⇒ West Frisian: tsjin

Old Saxon: gegin, gigin, gagan
Middle Low German: gēgen, jēgen
Low German: giegen (Münsterländisch); gegen
⇒ Low German: tiegen (Münsterländisch); tegen (from to giegen, to gegen)

Old Dutch: gegin

Middle Dutch: jegen, jeghen

⇒ Middle Dutch: tegen, tjegen (from te jegen)

Dutch: tegen
Afrikaans: teen
Negerhollands: tegen, teegen
Skepi Creole Dutch: tagen
→ Caribbean Javanese: tékhe

⇒ Middle Dutch: jeghens

Dutch: jegens

Afrikaans: jeens

Old High German: gagan
Middle High German: gegen, gagen, jegen, gein, gēn
Alemannic German: gege
Cimbrian: ghéghen
German: gegen
Hunsrik: geghe
Yiddish: קעגן (kegn)
⇒ Middle High German: gein, gēn (contraction)
German: gen (literary, dated)
Yiddish: קיין (keyn)
⇒ Luxembourgish: géint (with paragogic -t)

Old Norse: gegn

Icelandic: gegn

Faroese: gjøgn

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: gjen-

Norwegian Nynorsk: gjegn, gjen-

Old Swedish: gēn

Swedish: gen-

Danish: gen-

→ Middle English: gayn, geyn, gein, gain, gayne, gaine
English: gain (obsolete, dialectal)
Scots: gain

⇒ Old Norse: gegnum (dative) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Old Norse: í gegn

Faroese: ígjøgn

Norwegian: igjen

Jamtish: igjann

Old Swedish: ī gēn

Swedish: igen

Danish: igen

Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis
Nicoline van der Sijs


ohn

"As for no lo'ein' him, mither—me that canna luik at a blin' kittlin' ohn lo'ed it!—lo, mither! God made me sae, and didna mean me no' to lo' An'rew!"

"As for not loving him, mother—me that cannot look at a blind kittling without loved it!—lo, mother! God made me so, and didn't mean me not to love Andrew!"


en marge de

on the fringes of, outside the jurisdiction of


בי

According to Abraham ibn Ezra (in his short commentary to Genesis 43:20 ), the particle comes from the preposition, and is short for something like "the sin is mine", meaning "I sin in speaking, so do to me what you will, but hear me out". According to Nachmanides (in his commentary ad loc.), the particle does not exist as a separate sense; rather, all instances of בִּי אֲדֹנִי (bí adoní) are to be translated "master over me", and similarly wherever else בִּי appears, which is thus just the preposition form.

Form of ב־ (b-) including first-person singular personal pronoun as object.


printre

From pre- + între, possibly from Latin per inter.


close by

She lives close by us.

Close, near, nearby: in proximity (to).
With a noun-phrase complement.

There isn't any good source of water close by.

Close, near, nearby: in proximity (to).
With no explicit complement.

He waited close by to the store.

With the preposition to introducing a noun-phrase complement.

The close-by family members tried to help.

Close, near, nearby: in proximity (to).
Preceding and modifying a noun.


araka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aRak (“walk single-file; be positioned one behind the other”).


antara

From Malay antara.
* From Sanskrit अन्तर (antara, “interior, interval, difference”)
* From Sanskrit अन्तरा (antarā, “in the middle, between”)

der

between: in the position or interval that separates (two things), or intermediate in quantity or degree.

among: denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects.


antara

انتارا (Jawi)

* From Sanskrit अन्तर (antara, “interior, interval, difference”)
* From Sanskrit अन्तरा (antarā, “in the middle, between”)

Tiada apa-apa antara kami berdua.


antara

Javanese: ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫ (antara)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अन्तर (antara, “interior, interval, difference”) and Sanskrit अन्तरा (antarā, “in the middle, between”).


siansa

Compare Italian senza, Istriot and Venetian sensa. Probably ultimately from Latin absentia.


wele

(Kuyavia) Alternative form of wedle (“next to, near, beside”)


p.g.a.

because of; Abbreviation of på grund av.


راجع

ur-prep

راجع • (rāje)

concerning, referring to something previous


dintru

From de + întru. Compare de inter, Italian and Spanish dentro.

dintru început


fa'a

E mana'o Fiti e tautala fa'a Samoa.

Fiti wants to learn to speak in the manner of Samoa.

in the manner of; in (a specified) fashion


𐀞𐀫

From Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-. Compare Ancient Greek παρά (pará).

at one's place; construed with the locative or dative case


à la place de

LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-à la place de.wav

À la place de Stéphane, j’aurais accepté le contrat.
If I had been Stéphane, I would have accepted the contract.

(colloquial) Ellipsis of si j’étais/j’avais été à la place de... (“if I were/I had been in the shoes of...”).


trás

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from Latin trāns (“across, beyond”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“through, throughout, over”). Doublet of trans-.


поверх

head

пове́рх • (povérx)

пове́рх (canonical)
povérx (romanization)


'mongst

No more do souls of men. For stories sayen
Well known 'mongst countrey folk, our spirits fly, […]

1647, Henry More, “[Philosophical Poems.] Antipsychopannychia or The Third Book of the Song of the Soul: Containing a Confutation of the Sleep of the Soul after Death. The Præexistency of the Soul, […].”, in Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, editor, The Complete Poems of Dr. Henry More (1614–1687) […] (Chertsey Worthies’ Library), [Edinburgh: […] Edinburgh University Press; Thomas and Archibald Constable, […]] for private circulation, published 1878, →OCLC, stanza 78, page 126, column 1:


នៃ

of him/her/it/that (referring to a preceding noun)

a meaningless syllable used to fill out the meter in a verse


в тому числі

в то́му числі́

в то́му числі́ • (v tómu čyslí)

в то́му числі́ (canonical)
v tómu čyslí (romanization)

[ʋ ˈtɔmʊ t͡ʃesʲˈlʲi]


серед

се́ред • (séred)


thruout

He connected the bulb in circuit with his conventional radio apparatus, using the same circuits for additional electrodes that he had used thruout his experiments with the thing.

1920 May 5, The Electrical Experimenter, New York, page 78, column 2:

It led to a drive against screeno as used in movie houses thruout the city.

St. Paul arrived in Greece 1,900 years ago this summer. It was a momentous event for the peoples of the western world. To signalize this undevicesimal centennial, the Greek Orthodox church is inviting scholars and religious leaders thruout the world to Athens for a delayed celebration in June of 1951.

1950 March 4, John Evans, “Notes on News in Religion”, in Chicago Daily Tribune, volume CIX, number 54, Chicago, Ill., page 8:

(US, Canada) Nonstandard spelling of throughout.


acrosst

Their family worked the land behind that horse farm acrosst from where your great-grannie and all us used to live.

2006, J. Marie Darden, Finding Dignity, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 107:


ferninst

Those pink-satin evening slippers simply lose all their display value when you stick those red-kid bed-slippers right up ferninst them that way.

"It's right ferninst where yer afther stan'in, up the stairs on the corner of Granefield Coort--over there, bedad."

But Fate, as he expressed it in the vernacular, was "ferninst him."

1874, Ambrose Bierce, Cobwebs From an Empty Skull:


ܥܡ

ܥܲܡ (canonical)
ˁam (romanization)
ܥܲܡ
ˁam
ܥܲܡܝܼ (first-person singular)
ˁamī (first-person singular)
ܥܲܡܲܢ (first-person plural)
ˁamman (first-person plural)
ܥܲܡܘܼܟ݂ (masculine second-person singular)
ˁamūḵ (masculine second-person singular)
ܥܲܡܵܟ݂ܝ (feminine second-person singular)
ˁammāḵ (feminine second-person singular)
ܥܲܡܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (plural second-person)
ˁammāwḵōn (plural second-person)
ܥܲܡܹܗ (masculine singular third-person)
ˁammēh (masculine singular third-person)
ܥܲܡܵܗ̇ (feminine singular third-person)
ˁammāh (feminine singular third-person)
ܥܲܡܗܘܿܢ (plural third-person)
ˁamhōn (plural third-person)

aii-infl-prep

Inflection of <i class="Syrc mention" lang="aii">ܥܲܡ</i> (ˁam)

Compare Arabic مَع (maʕ) and Hebrew עִם (ʿim).

(after verbs of fighting, etc.) with, against


ܥܡ

ܥܡܝ (first-person singular)
ܥܡܟ
ܥܡܟܝ
ܥܡܗ
ܥܡܗ (feminine possessive singular third-person)
ܥܡܢ
ܥܡܟܘܢ
ܥܡܟܝܢ
ܥܡܗܘܢ
ܥܡܗܝܢ


قرب

ar-prep

قُرْبَ • (qurba)

قُرْبَ ٱلظُّهْر


samod

From Proto-Germanic *samaþa (“together”). Akin to Old High German samit (“together”), German samt (“together with”), sammt (“together with”).

Samod ǣrdæġe eode æðele cempa self mid gesīðum

At dawn went the noble warrior himself with his comrades. (Beowulf)


dusqu'a

French: jusqu’à


𐩨𐩬

From 𐩨𐩺𐩬 (byn, “between”) → “crossing through” → “coming from”, “coming against”.

[…] 𐩯𐩡𐩱 𐩽 𐩥𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩽 𐩥𐩪𐩤𐩬𐩺 𐩽 𐩫𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧 𐩽 𐩹𐩤𐩨𐩳𐩣 𐩽 𐩮𐩢𐩰𐩩𐩬 𐩽 𐩩𐩬𐩲𐩣 𐩽 𐩱𐩬𐩰 𐩽 𐩣𐩥𐩪𐩣 𐩽 𐩲𐩳𐩣 𐩽 𐩥𐩩𐩤𐩧𐩣 𐩽 𐩨𐩬 𐩽 𐩱𐩦𐩧𐩪 𐩽 𐩲𐩵 𐩽 𐩦𐩺𐩧𐩬 𐩽 𐩥𐩣𐩲𐩹𐩧𐩪 𐩽 𐩱𐩨𐩬𐩣 𐩽 𐩫𐩡 𐩽 𐩮𐩢𐩰𐩩 𐩽 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩽 𐩣𐩢𐩰𐩵𐩬𐩺𐩠𐩬 𐩽 𐩼𐩧𐩨𐩬 𐩽 𐩥𐩡𐩨𐩱𐩬 𐩽 𐩨𐩫𐩨𐩥𐩵𐩩 𐩽 𐩥𐩱𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩽 𐩩𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩽 𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧 𐩽 𐩹𐩤𐩨𐩹𐩣 𐩽 𐩱𐩠𐩡 𐩽 𐩪𐩨𐩧𐩧 𐩽 𐩥𐩺𐩱𐩩𐩣𐩧 𐩽 𐩥𐩪𐩩𐩧𐩳𐩥 𐩽 𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧 𐩽 𐩹𐩤𐩨𐩳 𐩽 𐩨𐩫𐩨𐩥𐩵𐩩𐩬 𐩽 𐩥𐩱𐩫𐩧𐩨𐩬 𐩽 𐩣𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩽 𐩮𐩢𐩰𐩩𐩬

Grimme, Hubert (1932) “Die Bedeutung des Eigennamens 𐩱𐩱𐩦𐩧 in Glaser 1155 und 1083 sowie Weiteres zu Gl. 1155”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 39, pages 227–245

[…] they paid and built and dedicated to ʿAṯtar of QBḌ the moat [called] tnʿm, the wall flush-fitted [to a scarp] from wood and of hewed stones, from the fundament up to the top, and the counterscarp from stones: the whole moat between the two towers ẓrbn and lbʾn, from levies and offerings offered to ʿAṯtar of QBḌ, which they performed. And thus ʿAṯtar of QBḌ convened and confirmed the levies and offerings for the construction of the moat.

[…] s³lʾ wbny ws¹qny kʿṯtr ḏqbḍm ṣḥftn tnʿm ʾnf mws¹m ʿḍm wtqrm bn ʾs²rs¹ ʿd s²yrn wmʿḏrs¹ ʾbnm kl ṣḥft byn mḥfdnyhn ẓrbn wlbʾn bkbwdt wʾkrb tkrb ʿṯtr ḏqbḏm ʾhl s¹brr wyʾtmr ws¹trḍw ʿṯtr ḏqbḍ bkbwdtn wʾkrbn mbny ṣḥftn

from, coming from, starting at spatially or causally


𐩨𐩬

𐩨𐩬 𐩽 𐩣𐩪𐩬𐩫𐩧𐩣

(Can we date this quote?), al-ʿĀdī 21, line 3:


air cùl

head

air cùl (+ genitive or possessive determiner)

air cùl na h-eaglaise


fa chomhair

fa chomhair (+ genitive or possessive determiner)


ri taobh

ri taobh (+ genitive or possessive determiner)

ri mo thaobh (first-person singular)
ri mo thaobh-sa (emphatic first-person singular)
ri do thaobh (second-person singular)
ri do thaobh-sa (emphatic second-person singular)
ri thaobh (masculine singular third-person)
ri thaobh-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ri taobh (feminine singular third-person)
ri taobh-se (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ri ar taobh (first-person plural)
ri ar taobh-ne (emphatic first-person plural)
ri ur taobh (plural second-person)
ri ur taobh-se (emphatic plural second-person)
ri an taobh (plural third-person)
ri an taobh-san (emphatic plural third-person)


خلف

ar-prep

خَلْفَ • (ḵalfa)

خَلْفَ (canonical)
ḵalfa (romanization)
خَلْفَ (stem)
خَلْفِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
خَلْفَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
خَلْفَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
خَلْفَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
خَلْفَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
خَلْفَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
خَلْفَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
خَلْفَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
خَلْفَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
خَلْفَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
خَلْفَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
خَلْفَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

بَدَأَت جُو تَمْشِي ذَهَابًا وَإِيَابًا وَيَدَاهَا خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهَا، كَٱلرَّجُلِ.

2019, Courtney Charley, chapter 1, in نِسَاء صَغِيرَات, translation of Little Women by Louisa Alcott (in English):

Joe started walking back and forth with her hands behind her back, like a man.

badaʔat jū tamšī ḏahāban waʔiyāban wayadāhā ḵalfa ẓahrihā, kar-rajuli.


окрест

head

окре́ст • (okrést)

окре́ст (canonical)
okrést (romanization)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic окрьстъ (okrĭstŭ). By surface analysis, о- (o-) + кре́ст (krést). Compare Bulgarian о́кръст (ókrǎst), Polabian vuokárst (“circle”).


entor

French: alentour (contraction of Old French a l'entor)

Entor la bierre i ot maint chevallier.

12ᵗʰ Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:


внутрь

head

внутрь • (vnutrʹ)


پایین

پایینِ • (pâyin-e)

پایینِ (canonical)
pâyin-e (romanization)

پائینِ پائین#Persian


conmaic

From Latin cum mēcum. Compare Italian meco (Old Italian conmeco), Portuguese comigo, Spanish conmigo.


איתו

איתו \ אִתּוֹ

איתו \ אִתּוֹ • (itó)

איתו \ אִתּוֹ (canonical)
itó (romanization)

Form of אֶת (ét) including third-person masculine singular personal pronoun as object.

אֶת

Form of עִם (ím) including third-person masculine singular personal pronoun as object.


איתכן

איתכן \ אִתְּכֶן

איתכן \ אִתְּכֶן • (it'khén)

איתכן \ אִתְּכֶן (canonical)
it'khén (romanization)

Form of אֶת (ét) including second-person feminine plural personal pronoun as object.

אֶת

Form of עִם (ím) including second-person feminine plural personal pronoun as object.


איתכם

איתכם \ אִתְּכֶם

איתכם \ אִתְּכֶם • (it'khém)

איתכם \ אִתְּכֶם (canonical)
it'khém (romanization)

Form of אֶת (ét) including second-person masculine plural personal pronoun as object.

אֶת

Form of עִם (ím) including second-person masculine plural personal pronoun as object.


איתה

איתה \ אִתָּהּ

איתה \ אִתָּהּ • (itáh)

איתה \ אִתָּהּ (canonical)
itáh (romanization)

Form of אֶת (ét) including third-person feminine singular personal pronoun as object.

אֶת

Form of עִם (ím) including third-person feminine singular personal pronoun as object.


איתם

איתם \ אִתָּם

איתם \ אִתָּם • (itám)

איתם \ אִתָּם (canonical)
itám (romanization)

Form of אֶת (ét) including third-person masculine plural personal pronoun as object.

אֶת

Form of עִם (ím) including third-person masculine plural personal pronoun as object.


איתנו

איתנו \ אִתָּנוּ

איתנו \ אִתָּנוּ • (itánu)

איתנו \ אִתָּנוּ (canonical)
itánu (romanization)

Form of אֶת (ét) including first-person plural personal pronoun as object.

אֶת

Form of עִם (ím) including first-person plural personal pronoun as object.


איתך

(אִתְּךָ, it'khá) Form of אֶת (ét) including second-person masculine singular personal pronoun as object.

אֶת

(אִתָּךְ, itákh) Form of אֶת (ét) including second-person feminine singular personal pronoun as object.

אֶת

(אִתְּךָ, it'khá) Form of עִם (ím) including second-person masculine singular personal pronoun as object.

עִם

(אִתָּךְ, itákh) Form of עִם (ím) including second-person feminine singular personal pronoun as object.


cyn

cyn y lleuad lawn

Mi fwytais i cyn gadael.


tigh

tigh (plus genitive, triggers no mutation directly, but definite noun phrases in the genitive are always lenited)

directly (triggers-no-mutation)
tigh (mutation mutation-radical)
thigh (lenition mutation)
dtigh (eclipsis mutation)

tigh múinteora

tigh Bhriain


exadversum

[ɛks̠äd̪ˈu̯ɛrs̠ʊ̃ˑ]


in-to

English: into

Scots: intae

From Old English intō, equivalent to in + to.

At nyght was come into that hostelrye
Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, lines 23–24:

There came at nightfall into that hostelry
Some nine and twenty in a company


wth

[…]others to make sporte wᵗʰ all of this last sorte were they whome they call Fresh-menn Punies of the first yeare, […]

c. 1610, anonymous author, “The Election of the Prince”, in Boas Frederick Samuel, editor, The Christmas Prince, London: Malone Society, published 1923, page 3:


ayenst

From Middle English ayenes, a southern variant of ayen.

Ayenst zim vartful ropeare at a rumcht ouse avar.

1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 100:

Against some wanton ranter that has raved (at) us before.


aboo

From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English abūfan, onbufan.


amang

desctree

Middle English: among, amang, amonkes, omang, mang, mong
English: among
Geordie English: amang
Scots: amang
Yola: amang, mang (aphetic)


amang

From Middle English among, from Old English onġemang.


amang

From Middle English amang, mang, from Old English onġemang.

Blessed yarth amang meyen.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 56:

Aar was pizzeen, an beanès, an barich amang.

1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:

There were pease and beans, and barley-mung.

Amang wefty jhemes, 'cha jeist ee-rid apan.

Among cobwebby scraps, I have just alighted on.


ក្នុង

ក្នុងនាម

ក្នុងរឿងខ្លះ

ក្នុងផ្ទះ

ក្នុងកំលុង


inwith

This purs hath she inwith her bosom hid

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Marchauntes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


yn ôl

yn f'ôl (first-person singular)
yn ein hôl (first-person plural)
yn d'ôl (second-person singular)
yn eich hôl (plural second-person)
yn ei ôl m (singular third-person)
yn ei hôl f (singular third-person)
yn eu hôl (plural third-person)
yn fy ôl i (first-person singular)
yn ein hôl ni (first-person plural)
yn dy ôl di (second-person singular)
yn eich hôl chi (plural second-person)
yn ei ôl e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
yn ei hôl hi f (singular third-person)
yn eu hôl nhw (plural third-person)

Yn ôl Dylan, lle braf ydy o.


i mewn i

i mewn im (first-person singular)
i mewn imi (first-person singular)
i mewn inni (first-person plural)
i mewn it (second-person singular)
i mewn iti (second-person singular)
i mewn iwch (plural second-person)
i mewn ichwi (plural second-person)
i mewn iddo (singular third-person)
i mewn iddo ef m (singular third-person)
i mewn iddi (singular third-person)
i mewn iddi hi f (singular third-person)
i mewn iddynt (plural third-person)
i mewn iddynt hwy (plural third-person)
i mewn i mi (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
i mewn i ni (first-person plural)
i mewn i ti (second-person singular)
i mewn i chi (plural second-person)
i mewn iddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
i mewn iddi hi f (singular third-person)
i mewn iddyn nhw (plural third-person)

/ɪ ˈmɨ̞u̯n iː/


გარდა

ჩემი ავადმყოფობა ერთადერთი ნათესავის გარდა არავის ხვდებოდა გულზე.

No one grieved my illness except for my sole relative.

čemi avadmq̇opoba ertaderti natesavis garda aravis xvdeboda gulze.


გარეშე

head

გარეშე • (gareše)

გარეშე პიროვნებები


daj

daj (Sawndip form 打, 1957–1982 spelling daз)

From Chinese 打 (“to hit; dummy verb; from”).


underô

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂𐍉 (undarō)


ខាង

Derived from កាង (kaang, “to extend to the side”) with infixed -h-. Compare similar derivation in ឃាំង (khĕəng, “to obstruct”) from គាំង (kĕəng, “to be stuck”). Possibly related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟkaiŋ (“side, edge”), Tampuan kɛɛŋ (“side”), Eastern Lawa kaŋ (“side, to spread”), Thavung cakɛ̀ːŋ/cakhɛ̀ːŋ (“to lean to one side, side”). See also similar forms in Tai, including ข้าง (kâang, “side”).

cog

cakɛ̀ːŋ/cakhɛ̀ːŋ

concerning, with regard to, relative to, pertaining to


þerhw

Old English: þerh, þærh

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 (þairh)

Likely from Pre-Germanic *terh₂(h₃)kʷ-, a compound of Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross”) + *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”). For the latter component, compare Sanskrit नीच (nīca, “below, down”) (< *nih₃kʷeh₁).


forenenst

The land forenenst the Greekish shore.

1600, Fairfax, transl., Jerusalem Delivered:


hafter

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


lalo

From Proto-Polynesian *lalo (compare with Maori raro), from Proto-Oceanic *ralom, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm (compare with Malay dalam), from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.


lalo

Nuclear Polynesian:

Eastern Polynesian:

Marquesic:

Hawaiian: lalo

Mangarevan: raro

Marquesan: ʻaʻo

Rapa Nui: raro

Tahitic:

Maori: raro

Rakahanga-Manihiki: raro

Rarotongan: raro

Tahitian: raro

Tuamotuan: raro

Western Polynesian:

Ellicean–Outlier:

Kapingamarangi: lala

Nukuoro: lalo

Sikaiana: lalo

Takuu: laro, raro

Tuvaluan: lalo

Futunic:

Anuta: raro

East Futuna: lalo

Futuna-Aniwa: raro

Pukapukan: lalo

Tikopia: raro

Samoic:

Samoan: lalo

Tokelauan: lalo

Tongic:

Niuafo'ou: lalo

Niuean: lalo

Tongan: lalo

From Proto-Central Pacific *ralo, from Proto-Oceanic *ralom, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian [Term?], from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.


მიუხედავად

From the stem of the verb: მიუხედავს (miuxedavs).


nada más

Nada más llegar, le besé.

Por eso en el Centro Espacial Johnson de la NASA han decidido investigar con ahínco en qué estado se encuentra la comunidad de microorganismos en el cuerpo de los astronautas nada más poner los pies en la Tierra tras unos meses en la ISS. El fin es dilucidar hasta qué punto puede verse modificada por la microgravedad, el cambio de ambiente, la dieta espacial y el estrés.

2015 October 27, “Así son los gérmenes en el espacio”, in El País:

That is why NASA's Johnson Space Center has decided to investigate the state of the microbiomes in the astronauts' bodies as soon as they set foot on Earth after a few months on the ISS. The goal is to determine to what extent it can be modified by microgravity, change of environment, space diet and stress.


aftir

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:


د مخه تر

head

د مخه تر • (dë mëxa tër)


اته

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *atas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas, from Proto-Austronesian *aCas.


bipo

Bipo bipo tru God i mekim kamap skai na graun na olgeta samting i stap long en.

1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:1:


other than

There was no furniture in the abandoned house, other than a broken bedstead.

за исключе́нием (za isključénijem)(+genitive)

The problem cannot be solved other than by putting in much time and effort.

(idiomatic) Otherwise than; in any other way than, for any other reason than, etc.


buat

From Malay buat, from Classical Malay بوات (buat), from Old Malay vuat, from Proto-Malayic *buat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat.


برا

لحد يطلع برا البيت وكت الغبار

Nobody goes outside the house at the time of sandstorms (or at the time of the sandstorm)


برا

إدا سافرت برا البلاد غتتعرف بشلة تقافات وناس مختلفين عليك وتقدر تتعلم منهم كدا حاجة.

If you travel outside the country, you'll encounter many cultures and different people from you and you could learn many things from them.

ʔida sāfarti barra le-blād ḡatitʕarraf b-šalla taqāfāt w-nās miḵtalfīn ʕlīk w-taqdar titʕallam minnhum kada ḥāja.


برا

برا • (barâ)

→ Khalaj: bara

برای برای#Persian

(informal) Colloquial form of برای (barâye).


proxim

Borrowed from Latin proximus. Decision no. 69, Progreso I, 77, Progreso I.

progreso

Me es proxim l'autobus-etapeyo.

proximeso

proximity, vicinity, propinquity, nearness, closeness


ꪘ꫁ꪱ

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːꟲ (“face”). Cognate with Thai หน้า (nâa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩶ᩣ, Lao ໜ້າ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱᧉ (ṅaa²), Shan ၼႃႈ (nāa), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥲ (làa) or ᥢᥣᥲ (nàa), Ahom 𑜃𑜠 (na) or 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Zhuang naj.

cog

Lü ᦐᦱᧉ (ṅaa²)


soubs

French: sous

From Old French soz. Silent ⟨b⟩ added in honour of Latin subtus.


uptill

She, poor bird, as all forlorn,
Leaned her breast up-till a thorn.

1599, William Shakespeare, As it Fell Upon a Day:


withar

Middle Low German: wedder, weder

Low German: wedder

From Proto-West Germanic *wiþr (“against”), cognate with Old English wiþer and Old High German widar (German wieder).

Uuesat iu so uuara uuiðar thiu, uuið iro fēcneon dādiun, sō man uuiðar fīundun scal

Be careful against them, against their dreadful actions, just like one must be (careful) against his enemies (Heliand, verse 1883)

Helpa uuiðar hungre: Help against hunger.

against, with, opposite, toward (+ dat or sometimes acc)


angegin

From Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Compare Old English onġean, Middle Dutch entegen (Dutch entegen), Old High German ingegin (German entgegen). By surface analysis, an- + gegin.


gegin

From Proto-West Germanic *gagin, from Proto-Germanic *gagin, whence also Old English gegn, Old High German gagan (German gegen), Old Norse gegn.


draugh

As ich waant draugh Bloomere's Knough,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:


emforth

[...] Emforth my might, thy trewe servant be,
And holden werre alwey with chastitee; [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 2235-2236

… According to my power, be thy true servant,
And make war always against chastity; …

according to; in a way that is conformable to


thurgh

English: through, thorough

Scots: throuch, thorow

Yola: trugh, draugh

From Old English þurh, þuruh, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw.

But for to speke of vertuous beautee,
Thanne was she oon the faireste under sonne,
For povreliche yfostred up was she,
No likerous lust was thurgh hir herte yronne.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


whith

Boil half a pound of French barley in 3 several waters, keep the last water to make your milk of, then stamp half a pound of almonds with a little of the same water to keep them from oyling; being finely beaten, strain it whith the rest of the barley water, put some hard sugar to it, boil it a little, and give it the party warm.

Winthrop, whith such directions as he conceived fitt, and, as I hear, hath given his debte, which he maks 544^li. unto y^e gentlemen of y^e Bay. Indeed, M^r.

1898, William Bradford, Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation':


withoutside

Soon after, a fire was made withoutside the cabin, in the open air, and a kettle hung over it to boil.

1912, Sir Harry Johnston, Pioneers in Canada:

We build our houses on the sand Comely withoutside and within; 20 But when the winds and rains begin To beat on them, they cannot stand; They perish, quickly overthrown, Loose from the very basement stone.

1830, Christina Rossetti, Goblin Market, The Prince's Progress, and Other Poems:

At noon, he got withoutside of the reef by a second opening more to the north; for, having observed the latitude to be 22 deg. 17', his intention was to seek for the River of Jacob Remessens (near the North-west Cape); but the wind veering to north-east, he could no longer follow the direction of the coast.

1814, Matthew Flinders, A Voyage to Terra Australis:


wough

Awye wough it.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 23:


emmy

French: emmi (archaic).

Old French [Term?], equivalent to en (“in”) + my (“middle, central”).

se assist sur une pierre qui estoit emmy le puys

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 39:

he sat down on a rock that was in the middle of the well


foregain

From Middle English *foregayn, *foreȝein, *foreȝeȝn, foregane, from Old English foran ongean (“opposite”), equivalent to fore- + gain. Compare German vorentgegen.

inh

(obsolete) Directly opposite to; in the opposite scale to.


foregainst

From Middle English *foregaynst, foreagenis, foragenis, foreganis, from Old English fōran onġēan (“opposite”), equivalent to fore- + gainst. Compare German vorentgegen.


fré

Alternative spelling of frae (“along with”)


hard by

He was laid to rest hard by the same church where he was once baptised.

In a bar hard by P. P. Layouts, Richard Hnatt sat sipping a Tequila Sour.

1964, Philip K. Dick, The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch:

(dated) Close to; near; in proximity to; next to.


parmy

French: parmi


uiread

4 uiread 2 a' dèanamh 8


oprès

From Old French aprés, from Late Latin ad pressum, from Latin ad + pressum.


dahn

“So, wot, people'd pay to throw you dahn the stairs? Dunno abaht that. People in these parts is used to throwing one another dahn stairs for free.

2007, Howard Whitehouse, Bill Slavin, The Faceless Fiend: The Faceless Fiend: Being the Tale of a Criminal Mastermind, His Masked Minions and a Princess with a Butter Knife, Involving Explosives and a Certain Amount of Pushing and Shoving, Book 2:

He's cool. Does triathlons dahn de Sahn.

2013 September 5, James Burton, The Bermuda Sun, archived from the original on 2022-12-12:

(UK, Bermuda) Pronunciation spelling of down.


outtaken

[...] ‘And ye, my moder, my soverayn plesance
Over alle thing, out-taken Crist on-lofte,
Custance, your child, hir recomandeth ofte
Un-to your grace, for I shal to Surryë,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Man of Law's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 276-280

… ‘And you, my mother, my greatest joy
Over all things, except Christ above,
Custance your child commends herself often
Unto your grace, for I must go to Syria,
Nor shall I never see you again with my eyes.’


sous peine de

Il ne faut pas écouter de la musique bruyante en voiture sous peine de ne pas entendre les sirènes des pompiers.

You shouldn't listen to loud music in the car, or else you wouldn't hear the firetruck's sirens.


gainward

From gain- + -ward, or from an apheretic variant of Middle English agaynward, aȝenward, aȝeinward.

(obsolete) Toward; facing; over against.


dessoubs

French: dessous

Old French desous, with the b added back to reflect the Vulgar Latin de subtus.


aveq

French: avec


依照

/i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯⁵⁵/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau¹¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau²¹/

/i³³⁻²³ t͡siou²¹³/

/i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯³³/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯⁵⁵/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau¹¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau²¹/

/i³³⁻²³ t͡siou²¹³/

You are not allowed to smoke here according to the rules.

Yīzhào guīdìng, nǐ bù néng zài cǐ chōuyān.

依照規定，你不能在此抽煙。

依照规定，你不能在此抽烟。

我會依照你的話去做的。

我会依照你的话去做的。

according to; in accordance with; in light of; in a manner conforming to; in compliance with


依據

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ kɵy̯³³/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² ku²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ ku¹¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² ki²¹/

/i³³⁻²³ kɯ³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ kɵy̯³³/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² ku²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ ku¹¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻³³ ki²¹/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² ki²¹/

/i³³⁻²³ kɯ³⁵/

according to; on the basis of; judging by


s/p

Following TBI, bcl-2 and bax bands intensities reduce 2 hrs after injury (P<0.05) more importantly the bax:bcl-2 ration increases at 2 hrs and remains elevated at 7 days s/p injury (P<0.05) (Raghupathi et al., 2003).

2008, Nicole Zangrilli Hoh, “Bcl-2 Genotypes and Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury” (Ph.D. dissertation), ProQuest, page 43

63-year-old woman, s/p 30-foot fall 3 weeks previously

2011, Alexander Vaccaro et al., Spine and Spinal Cord Trauma: Evidence-Based Management, Thieme, unnumbered page

(medicine) Abbreviation of status post: after.


ܣܢܘܢܝܬܐ

aii-noun

ܣ̈ܢܘܿܢܝܼܵܬ݂ܵܐ

ܣܢܘܿܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ • (snōnīṯā) f (plural ܣ̈ܢܘܿܢܝܼܵܬ݂ܵܐ (snōnīyāṯā))

ܣܢܘܿܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (canonical)
snōnīṯā (romanization)
ܣ̈ܢܘܿܢܝܼܵܬ݂ܵܐ (plural)

Compare Akkadian 𒋆𒄷 (/sinuntu/), Arabic سُنُونُو (sunūnū), and Hebrew סְנוּנִית (sənûnîṯ). The dialectal pronunciation /sˤloːni/ is derived from the absolute form of this word.

cog

Hebrew סְנוּנִית (sənûnîṯ)


indu

Latin: in (see there for further descendants)

Old Latin endo, from Proto-Italic *endo, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó (“in, inside, into”). Compare Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “in, within”).


uppan

on, onto, upon [with accusative or dative]


tegegnes

slog imu tegegnes folmo crafto

He struck him by the force of his hands (Heliand, verse 4874)


hindiro

From Proto-Germanic *hinder, akin to Old English hinder.


thurh

From Proto-Germanic *þurhw.
Cognate with Old English þurh, English through, Dutch door, Old High German duruh (German durch).


kī

From Proto-Semitic *kV- (like, in the manner of). Cognate with Arabic كَـ (ka-) and Biblical Hebrew כְּ־ (kə-).

inh

as, like, in the manner of, according to


bayu

From Proto-Philippine *baqRu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh.


אליה

head

אֵלֶיהָ • (eléha)

אֵלֶיהָ (canonical)
eléha (romanization)

Form of אֶל (él) including third-person feminine singular personal pronoun as object.


ע״י

עַל יְדֵי־
על ידי#Hebrew

=עַל יְדֵי־ (ál y'déi-, “by (an agent)”)


Dé

Dé (plus genitive, triggers h-prothesis, used only with the names of the days of the week)

ga-prep

Dé (mutation mutation-radical)
Dhé (lenition mutation)
nDé (eclipsis mutation)

Dé Domhnaigh


లో

In, within, inside of, amongst, among, of.


durànt

From Latin dūrāns, present participle of dūrō (“last, endure”).


d'vànt

I' s'en est allaï les pids d'vànt.

1903, Edgar MacCulloch, “Proverbs, Weather Sayings, etc.”, in Guernsey Folk Lore, page 518:


pour l'amour de

pour l’amour de Dieu

pour l’amour du ciel


fromward

From Middle English fromward, framward, from Old English framweard (“about to depart, departing, doomed to die; with his back turned”, adjective) and framweardes (“away from”, adverb), equivalent to from + -ward. Compare froward.

inh

(now dialect, Southern England, Midlands, West Country) From; away from.


čez

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čerzъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerso-.

Brvčica ćez potok vodi,
Voda se sveti,
Snešica po brvi hodi,
V vodu se gledi.

1927, Dragutin Domjanić, V suncu i senci:

(Kajkavian) in, within (of action, to be finished within the specified period)


wrth

wrthyf (first-person singular)
wrthom (first-person plural)
wrthyt (second-person singular)
wrthoch (plural second-person)
wrtho m (singular third-person)
wrthi f (singular third-person)
wrthynt (plural third-person)
wrtho i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
wrtha i (first-person singular)
wrthon ni (first-person plural)
wrthot ti (second-person singular)
wrthat ti (second-person singular)
wrthoch chi (plural second-person)
wrtho fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
wrthi hi f (singular third-person)
wrthyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Old Welsh gurt, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Old Irish fri), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).

King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, page 131

I broke my leg (by) playing football last week.

Dorres i 'nghoes wrth chwarae pêl-droed wythnos diwethaf.

by (used with a verbal noun to indicate causation)


utenfor

off (at sea, off a certain point on the coast)


လင်

From Proto-Tai *ʰlaŋᴬ (“back”). Cognate with Thai หลัง (lǎng), Northern Thai ᩉᩖᩢᨦ, Lao ຫຼັງ (lang), Lü ᦜᧂ (l̇ang), Tai Dam ꪨꪰꪉ, Shan လင် (lǎng), Ahom 𑜎𑜂𑜫 (laṅ), Bouyei langl, Zhuang laeng.


ą̊

From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *an. Cognate with Swedish på.


ⵉ

for, to, in order to, so as to, preposition of purpose, aim, goal


v. a.

(epigraphy, obsolete) Acting in place of; from Latin vices agens.


taqas

desctree

Malay: atas
Indonesian: atas
→ English: atas

Tagalog: taas


zomt

From Middle High German samt. Cognate with German samt.


inap

Na bai yu hatwok oltaim inap yu dai na yu go bek long graun. Long wanem, mi bin wokim yu long graun, na bai yu go bek gen long graun.

1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:19:

And you will labour on until you die and return to the ground. Because I wrought you from the ground, and you will return again to the ground.


abseits

Er stand abseits der anderen an einen der Wagen gelehnt, den Kopf leicht geneigt, die Arme vor der Brust verschränkt.

2017, Gesa Schwartz, Scherben der Dunkelheit, München, Germany: cbt Verlag, →ISBN:

He was standing apart from the others, leaning against one of the wagons, his head slightly tilted and arms folded across his chest.

(expressing position, also figuratively) apart from; away from; off (of); out of


помимо

head

поми́мо • (pomímo)

поми́мо (canonical)
pomímo (romanization)

besides, aside from, apart from, in spite of


spośród

z + pośród. First attested in the middle of the 15th century. Compare Polish spośród, probably a reinnovation.

etydate

Palcem ym vkazoval dwanasczye kamyenow, ktorez byly vzyaly dvanasczye vodzow [israelskich] zposrod Yordana, aby ta kvpa byla kamyenya na svyądecztwo, yze szvchymy nogamy przez Yordan [przeszli]

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 178:


spośród

Univerbation of z + pośród. First attested in 1601–1616. Compare Old Polish spośród.

ref

Akta sejmikowe województw poznańskiego i kaliskiego, tom I (1572-1632), część 1 (in Polish), 1957, page 380

from among (from a place surrounded by something else)

from among (from a group of similar objects)


ēnu

Old Frisian: ōne, ōni

desctree

Old Saxon: āno
Middle Low German: āne
Low German: ahn

Old Dutch: *āna

Middle Dutch: ane, an, on

⇒ Middle Dutch: ane dancs, ondancs

Dutch: ondanks

Limburgish: óndanks, óndanx

Old High German: āno, ānu, āna, āne
Middle High German: âne, ân
Alemannic German: ooni, ohni, ouni
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: ane
Central Franconian: ohne, ohni, ohnt
Luxembourgish: ouni
East Central German: ohne
Vilamovian: ona
German: ohne
Yiddish: אָן (on)

Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚾᚢ (*anu /ānu/)

Old Norse: án, ón
Icelandic: án
Faroese: ón
→ Middle English: *on, on-
English: on, ohn
Scots: on-, ohn-

Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu), 𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷 (inuh)

Dunkel reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”) for Gothic and lengthened grade *ḗnu for North and West Germanic. Kroonen derives Alemannic and Cimbrian from *ēneu and unites this with the forms *ēnu and *enu by positing a Proto-Indo-European u-stem noun *h₂ḗn-u, loc. *h₂n-éw, from *h₂en- (“to scoop”), which could also explain Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu).

inh

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme


دومن

(dialectal, Kazerun, Tang-e Eram) at the bottom of


blong

Bihaen hemi finisim skul blong hem, hemi go minista long sios long ples blong hem long 'Areo.

1988, Geoffrey Miles White, Bikfala faet: olketa Solomon Aelanda rimembarem Wol Wo Tu, page 75:


le hais

head

le hais (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

le m’ais (first-person singular)
le m’ais-se (emphatic first-person singular)
le d’ais (second-person singular)
le d’ais-se (emphatic second-person singular)
lena ais (masculine singular third-person)
lena ais-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
lena hais (feminine singular third-person)
lena hais-se (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
lenár n-ais (first-person plural)
lenár n-aisne (emphatic first-person plural)
le bhur n-ais (plural second-person)
le bhur n-ais-se (emphatic plural second-person)
lena n-ais (plural third-person)
lena n-ais-sean (emphatic plural third-person)


i ngeall ar

i ngeall ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)

references but lenition in qualified (triggers-no-mutation usually)
particularized references (triggers-no-mutation usually)


mar gheall ar

mar gheall ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)

/mˠaɾˠ jɑːl̪ˠ ɛrʲ/


de gheall ar

de gheall ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)

/ə ˈjal̪ˠ ɛɾʲ/

Nʹi:lʹ mʹə ə jαL erʹ

Nʹi:lʹ mʹɛ ə jαL erʹ ə ꬶɔLʹ ʃerʹ

disposed to, intending to; (predicated with a form of bí (“to be”)) to want, to like


ar aba

ar aba (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

From Old Irish apa (“reason, cause”), verbal noun of *ad·ben.


تلو

ar-prep

تِلْوَ • (tilwa)

تِلْوَ (canonical)
tilwa (romanization)
تِلْوَ (stem)
تِلْوِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
تِلْوَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
تِلْوَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
تِلْوَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
تِلْوَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
تِلْوَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
تِلْوَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
تِلْوَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
تِلْوَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
تِلْوَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
تِلْوَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
تِلْوَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

أَرْسَلَ رِسَالَةً تِلْوَ رِسَالَةً.


արտաքո

head

արտաքո • (artakʻo) (traditional orthography spelling արտաքոյ)

artakʻo (romanization)
orthography spelling արտաքոյ (traditional)

From Old Armenian արտաքոյ (artakʻoy); see it for more.

արտաքո օրենքի


արտաքոյ

արտաքոյ • (artakʻoy)

xcl-prep

արտաքոյ • (artakʻoy)

From արտ- (art-) + -աք (-akʻ) + -ոյ (-oy).

արտաքոյ քաղաքին

արտաքոյ ժամու


յետոյ

յետոյ ձերմէ

յետոյ կողմանէ

յետոյ եւ առաջոյ


վերոյ

ի վերոյ

ի վերոյ քան

վերոյ գրեալ

վեր ի վերոյ

apparent, superficial, feigned, affected; superficially, apparently, affectedly

վեր ի վերոյ ունելով գիտութիւն

without a thorough knowledge of, having a smattering of

երկիր պագին նմա վեր ի վերոյ


habis

Habis mandi dan sarapan, anak-anak berangkat ke sekolah.

After showering and having breakfast, the children left for school.


pār

Formed from the preposition par with transference of intonation and consequent vowel lengthening (par̄ > pār > pāːr). The semantic differentiation between par and pār is a relatively new phenomenon, even though it was apparently already complete in 17th- and 18th-century grammars.

pār upi

pāriet pār tiltu

pārlēkt pār grāvi

valdīt pār kādu


up until

It's easy to see why he was confused — up until that point, you didn't have popular bands coming out with makeup on.

2002, Gene Simmons, Kiss and Make-Up, page 87:

Evidence that the NSA was secretly building a vast database of U.S. telephone records - the who, the how, the when, and the where of millions of mobile calls - was the first and arguably the most explosive of the Snowden revelations published by the Guardian newspaper in 2013.
Up until that moment, top intelligence officials publicly insisted the NSA never knowingly collected information on Americans at all. After the program’s exposure, U.S. officials fell back on the argument that the spying had played a crucial role in fighting domestic extremism, citing in particular the case of four San Diego residents who were accused of providing aid to religious fanatics in Somalia.

2020 September 2, Raphael Satter, “U.S. court: Mass surveillance program exposed by Snowden was illegal”, in Tom Brown, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-11-01, Media & Telecoms:


ab.

w:The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

American Heritage Publishing Co.
w:American Heritage (magazine)


de bhreis ar

head

de bhreis ar (plus genitive, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)


pangkat

Reconstructed as peng- + angkat, from Malay pangkat, from Javanese ꦥꦁꦏꦠ꧀ (pangkat, “rank, position, status; grade (school); degree, power; departure”), from Old Javanese paṅkat (“arranged; depart”), aṅkat (“departure, getting up”). Doublet of pengangkat.

der

Dua pangkat tiga sama dengan delapan.

Two to the power of three equals eight. 2³ = 8.


alaz

From Proto-Finnic *alas. Cognate with Finnish alas.


رو

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(with ezafe) Alternative form of روی (ru-ye, “on, above”)


հաղագս

head

հաղագս • (haġags)

hy-prep

հաղագս • (haġags)

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian յաղագս (yałags).


virs

From the locative form virsū of virsus (“top, surface”) (q.v.), or perhaps from a related form virson found in 16th- and 17th-century texts.

mati virs galvas

turēt roku virs acīm

uzraksts virs durvīm

plaukts virs galda

temperatūra ir virs normas

virs ezera kūp migla

likt rokas virs segas

uzvilkt jaku virs kleitas

to put on, to wear a jacket over the dress

on, over, above (with or without motion)


emongst

Most sacred fire, that burnest mightily / In liuing brests, ykindled first aboue, / Emongst th'eternall spheres and lamping sky […]!

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


ری

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) on

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) above

(dialectal, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) upon


saupra

From Latin supra. Compare Italian sopra.


deasupra

From de- + asupra. Compare Aromanian disuprã, Italian di sopra.


ווי

From Middle High German wie. For more, see German wie.


𐭬𐭭

Persian: از (az)

From Old Persian 𐏃𐎨𐎠 (hacā), from Proto-Iranian *háčaH. Compare Parthian 𐭌𐭍 (až).
Logogram from Aramaic 𐡌𐡍 (min).


caur

From the adverb cauri, from the same stem as the adjective caurs (“having a hole”) (q.v.).

jāt caur mežu

līst caur žogu

saule iespīdēja caur logu

elpot caur degunu, caur muti

to breathe through the nose, through the mouth

through (indicating movement through something else)

smaidīt caur asāram

viņi runāja cits caur citu

they talked through each other (= at the same time)

through (simultaneously with, alternating with)

saņemt ziņas caur tēvu

to receive news through / via (one's) father

through, via (with someone's help or participation)


jusques

(archaic, literary) Alternative form of jusque


צווישן

From Old High German in zuiskēn, from zuiski (“twofold”), from zwēne (“two”). Compare German zwischen.


nzd

Persian: نزد (nazd)


نزد

→ Ottoman Turkish: نزد

Turkish: nezd

From Middle Persian [script needed] (nzd /nazd/), from Proto-Iranian *názdah. Compare also نزدیک (nazdik).

inh

اگر بر تقدیر معقولیت میفرمایید پس باطلترین و نجسترین و گندهترین دینها پیش من دین ایشان است بلكه دین هنود نزد من از دین ایشان بهتر!

1611, ʿAbd al-Sattār ibn Qāsim Lāhōrī, مجالس جهانگیری [Majālis-i Jahāngīrī]:

If you assess it based on plausibility, then my view is that the absurdest, the impurest, and the dirtiest of religions is theirs: in my opinion, the religion of the Hindus is better than theirs!

agar bar taqdīr-i ma'quliyat mē-farmāyēd pas bātiltarīn u najistarīn u gandatarīn-i dīn-hā pēš-i man dīn-i ēšān ast balki dīn-i hunūd nazd-i man az dīn-i ēšān bihtar!


timpeall

head

timpeall (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

/ˈtʲiːmˠpˠəl̪ˠ/

/ˈtʲiːmʲpʲəl̪ˠ/

/ˈtʲɪmʲpʲiəl̪ˠ/

From Old Irish timchell, verbal noun of do·imchella (“go around, surround”).


קעגן

yi-prep

קעגן • (kegn) (contracted dem-form קעגן (kegn))

kegn (romanization)
קעגן (contracted-dem-form)

From Old High German gagan, from Proto-Germanic *gagina. Compare German gegen.


פֿאַר

פֿאַר • (far) (contracted dem-form פֿאַרן (farn))

far (romanization)
פֿאַרן (contracted-dem-form)

From Old High German vür, from Old High German furi, from Proto-West Germanic *furi, from Proto-Germanic *furi (“for”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-i-. Compare German für. Akin to English for and Dutch voor.

(stressed) before, in front of, ahead of, prior to

(unstressed, Hungarian Yiddish, New York Chassidish) to (indicating the target or recipient of an action)

Hungarian Yiddish; New York Chassidish; Hungarian Yiddish; New York Chassidish


וועגן

head

וועגן • (vegn)


in keeping with

Now all this was very fine, but not at all in keeping with the Celebrity's character as I had come to conceive it. The idea that adulation ever cloyed on him was ludicrous in itself. In fact I thought the whole story fishy, and came very near to saying so.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter III, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

In keeping with the stock they are replacing, the B23s are fully automated.

2023 February 22, Paul Stephen, “TfL reveals first of new B23s for Docklands Light Railway”, in RAIL, number 977, page 12:

The Cop28 presidency released a draft text in the early evening on Monday, which called for “reducing both consumption and production of fossil fuels, in a just, orderly and equitable manner, so as to achieve net zero by, before or around 2050, in keeping with the science”.

2023 December 11, Fiona Harvey, Patrick Greenfield, Nina Lakhani, Adam Morton, Damian Carrington, “Cop28 draft climate deal criticised as ‘grossly insufficient’ and ‘incoherent’”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


berkaitan dengan

ms-prep

برکاءيتن دڠن

berkaitan dengan (Jawi spelling برکاءيتن دڠن)

برکاءيتن دڠن (Jawi)

From berkaitan (“related; have relations”) + dengan (“with; to”).


برکاءيتن دڠن

ms-prep

برکا^ءيتن دڠن


berkenaan dengan

berkenaan dengan (Jawi spelling برکناءن دڠن)

برکناءن دڠن (Jawi)

From berkenaan (“related; have relations”) + dengan (“with; to”).


mengenai

of; about; on; regarding (with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect)


mengenai

مڠناءي (Jawi)


darihal

دريحال (Jawi)

From dari (“from”) + hal (“thing (abstract)”).


fromwards

From Old English framweardes (“in a direction away from”); equivalent to from + -ward + -s. Compare froward.

inh

Towards or fromwards the zenith.

1713, W[illiam] Derham, Physico-Theology: Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from His Works of Creation. […], London: […] W[illiam] Innys, […], →OCLC:

move along towards or fromwards the end of the yard

1610, Arthur Hopton, Baculum geodæticum:


go dtí

head

go dtí (plus nominative, triggers no mutation, may take the dative in colloquial language)

ga-prep

The conjunction go (“until”) followed by an archaic subjunctive of tar (“come”). From Old Irish co tí (“until”, literally “until it come”), from co (“until”, nasalising conjunct particle) + tí (“come”, 3sg present subjunctive of do·icc).

compound

3sg present subjunctive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">do·icc</i>

Tá mé ag dul go dtí an Fhrainc.


თანახმად

თანახმად სტატიისა, პრეზიდენტმა არჩევნები გააყალბა

According to the article, the President falsified the electoral results

tanaxmad sṭaṭiisa, ṗrezidenṭma arčevnebi gaaq̇alba


enriba

Les llaves tan enriba la mesa


gasan

for (directed at, intended to belong to)


itti

Compare Biblical Hebrew אֵת (ʔet̠, “with”).


pasal

Pasal hutang kau dekat aku tu, lupakan saja.

About that money you owe me, just forget about it.


מיטן

Contraction of מיט דעם (mit dem): with the


אויפן

head

אויפן • (oyfn)

אויפֿן אויפֿן#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of אויפֿן (oyfn).


פֿונעם

פֿונעם • (funem)

פֿון פֿון#Yiddish

Contraction of פֿון דעם (fun dem): from the, of the, than the


אָן

From Middle High German āne (“without”) (compare German ohne), from Old High German āna, ānu, āno (“without”), from Proto-Germanic *ēnu (“without”) (compare Old Saxon āno, Old Frisian ōni, Old Norse án, ón).

inh

וואָס קען וואַקסן, וואַקסן אָן רעגן?


in éadan

head

in éadan (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i m'éadan (first-person singular)
i m'éadansa (emphatic first-person singular)
i d'éadan (second-person singular)
i d'éadansa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina éadan (masculine singular third-person)
ina éadansan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina héadan (feminine singular third-person)
ina héadansa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár n-éadan (first-person plural)
inár n-éadanna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur n-éadan (plural second-person)
in bhur n-éadansa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina n-éadan (plural third-person)
ina n-éadansan (emphatic plural third-person)

against (in a contrary direction to; in physical opposition to, or in collision with; in opposition to)

in éadan an lae

at intervals of (followed by a singular noun referring to a period of time, preceded by the definite article)


לקראת

he-prep

לִקְרַאת • (likrát)

לִקְרַאת (canonical)
likrát (romanization)
לִקְרַאת
לִקְרָאתִי (feminine first-person masculine singular)
לִקְרָאתֵנוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural)
לִקְרָאתְךָ (masculine second-person singular)
Biblical Hebrew pausal form לִקְרָאתֶךָ (masculine second-person singular)
לִקְרָאתֵךְ (feminine second-person singular)
לִקְרַאתְכֶם (masculine plural second-person)
לִקְרַאתְכֶן (feminine plural second-person)
לִקְרָאתוֹ (masculine singular third-person)
לִקְרָאתָהּ (feminine singular third-person)
לִקְרָאתָם (masculine plural third-person)
לִקְרָאתָן (feminine plural third-person)

he-prep-inflection

לִקְרַאת (likrát)

לִקְרָאתִי (likratí)

לִקְרָאתֵנוּ (likraténu)

לִקְרָאתְךָ (likrat'chá);
Biblical Hebrew pausal form לִקְרָאתֶךָ (likratécha)

לִקְרָאתֵךְ (likratéch)

לִקְרַאתְכֶם (likratchém)

לִקְרַאתְכֶן (likratchén)

לִקְרָאתוֹ (likrató)

לִקְרָאתָהּ (likratáh)

לִקְרָאתָם (likratám)

לִקְרָאתָן (likratán)


faoi choinne

head

faoi choinne (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

faoi mo choinne (first-person singular)
faoi mo choinnese (emphatic first-person singular)
faoi do choinne (second-person singular)
faoi do choinnese (emphatic second-person singular)
faoina choinne (masculine singular third-person)
faoina choinnesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
faoina coinne (feminine singular third-person)
faoina coinnese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
faoinár gcoinne (first-person plural)
faoinár gcoinnene (emphatic first-person plural)
faoi bhur gcoinne (plural second-person)
faoi bhur gcoinnese (emphatic plural second-person)
faoina gcoinne (plural third-person)
faoina gcoinnesan (emphatic plural third-person)

Seachtmhain roimhe Shamhain chuaidh an Seónstanach siar ⁊ seacht ngearráin ⁊ péire cliabh air ghach gearrán fá choinne a chuid ime.

1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:

A week before Samhain, Johnstone went back with seven geldings and a pair of panniers on each gelding for his butter.


de chóir

de chóir (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

de mo chóir (first-person singular)
de mo chóirse (emphatic first-person singular)
de do chóir (second-person singular)
de do chóirse (emphatic second-person singular)
dá chóir (masculine singular third-person)
dá chóirsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dá cóir (feminine singular third-person)
dá cóirse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dár gcóir (first-person plural)
dár gcóirne (emphatic first-person plural)
de bhur gcóir (plural second-person)
de bhur gcóirse (emphatic plural second-person)
dá gcóir (plural third-person)
dá gcóirsan (emphatic plural third-person)

Fan de mo chóir.

Tá sé ina chónai de chóir na cathrach.

Tá sé de chóir a bheith déanta.


אונטערן

אונטערן • (untern)

אונטער אונטער#Yiddish

Contraction of אונטער דעם (unter dem): under the


בײַם

Contraction of בײַ דעם (bay dem): by the.


פֿאַרן

פֿאַרן • (farn)

פֿאַר פֿאַר#Yiddish

Contraction of פֿאַר דעם (far dem): for the


kecuali

کچوالي (Jawi)

Indonesian: kecuali


գեր

Armenian: գեր- (ger-)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- and cognate with Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō, “to raise, to raise up”).

գեր ի վերոյ

supreme, superior, excellent, sublime, pre-eminent, higher

գեր քան

գեր լինել

to be above, to excel, to surpass, to surmount

(usually with the accusative) above, higher, over, more than

գերագոյն ― geragoyn ― ὑπέρτερος

գերադրական ― geradrakan ― ὑπερθετικός

(as a prefix) hyper-, super- translating Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér)


ביז

yi-prep

ביז • (biz) (contracted dem-form ביזן (bizn))

biz (romanization)
ביזן (contracted-dem-form)

From Middle High German biz, from bī ze. Compare German bis.


נאָך

נאָך • (nokh) (contracted dem-form נאָכן (nokhn))

nokh (romanization)
נאָכן (contracted-dem-form)

From Middle High German nāh, from Old High German nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.


דורך

דורך • (durkh) (contracted dem-form דורכן (durkhn))

durkh (romanization)
דורכן (contracted-dem-form)

From Middle High German durch, from Old High German duruh, from Proto-Germanic *þurhw. Doublet of אַדורך (adurkh). Compare German durch.


פון

פֿון פֿון#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of פֿון (fun).


aumoins

French: au moins


លើ

From Middle Khmer លេ (le), លេហ (leha), លើ (lœ), លើហ (lœha, “above, aloft, on, over, overhead, top, upper; realm above, sublime; etc”), from Old Khmer លេ (le, idem). Cognate with Northern Khmer ลฺือ, Thai เลอ (ləə).

in regard to, concerning, toward, for, against


lăm

From Chamic. Compare Eastern Cham ꨕꨤꩌ (dalam).


lăm

From Proto-Chamic *dalam, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.


daripada

Compound of dari + pada, inherited from Malay daripada (“than; from”).


daripada

> Indonesian: daripada (inherited)

Kerusi ini dibuat daripada kayu.

Kami telah menerima sepucuk surat daripada bapa.

Ini lebih baik daripada itu.


ȫne

From Middle High German āne (“without”), from Old High German āna, ānu, āno (“without”), from Proto-Germanic *ēnō (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *anew, *enew (“without”).
Cognate with Old Saxon āno (“without”), Old Frisian ōni (“without”), Old Norse án, ón (“without”), Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu, “without”), Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”). The Gothic word stems from Proto-Germanic *inō, the other cognates from *ēnō.


במשך

he-prep

בְּמֶשֶׁךְ • (beméshekh)

בְּמֶשֶׁךְ (canonical)
beméshekh (romanization)

Root
 מ־שׁ־ך (m-sh-k)
בְּ־ (b'-, “in”) + מֶשֶׁךְ (méshekh, “extent, duration”)


במשך

der

Hebrew בְּמֶשֶׁךְ

פֿון פֿון#Yiddish


черезъ

head

че́резъ • (čérez)

че́резъ (canonical)
čérez (romanization)

че́рез через#Russian


передъ

пе́редъ • (péred)

пе́редъ (canonical)
péred (romanization)

пе́ред перед#Russian


nãnti

From n- + older ãnti, ainti, from Late Latin ab ante. Compare Romanian înainte.


безъ

безъ (bezŭ) (pre-cluster form безо, + genitive)

Old Ruthenian: безъ (bez)

Belarusian: без (bjez)

Carpathian Rusyn: без (bez)

Ukrainian: без (bez)

Russian: без (bez)

From Proto-Slavic *bezъ. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic без (bez).


безъ

безъ • (bez)


āz

(dialectal) behind; alternative form of aiz


dupã

From Vulgar Latin dē post. Compare Romanian după.


adusque

[äˈd̪ʊs̠kʷɛ]


під

ре́чі під столо́м

спа́ти під наме́том

лягти́ під лі́жко

зайти́ під по́верх

(+ accusative case)
under (expressing motion towards)

протверезі́ти під ра́нок

прийти́ додо́му під ве́чір

(colloquial, somewhat proscribed) at/in/on, until, during (used to express the eve of an action)


לגבי

לְגַבֵּי • (l'gabéi)

לְגַבֵּי (canonical)
l'gabéi (romanization)
לְגַבֵּי
לגביי (feminine first-person masculine singular)
לְגַבַּי (feminine first-person masculine singular)
לְגַבֵּינוּ (feminine first-person masculine plural)
לְגַבֶּיךָ (masculine second-person singular)
לגבייך (feminine second-person singular)
לְגַבַּיִךְ (feminine second-person singular)
לְגַבַּיכֶם (masculine plural second-person)
לְגַבַּיכֶן (feminine plural second-person)
לְגַבָּיו (masculine singular third-person)
לְגַבֶּיהָ (feminine singular third-person)
לְגַבַּיהֶם (masculine plural third-person)
לְגַבַּיהֶן (feminine plural third-person)

he-prep-inflection

לְגַבֵּי (l'gabéi)

לגביי / לְגַבַּי (l'gabái)

לְגַבֵּינוּ (l'gabéinu)

לְגַבֶּיךָ (l'gabéikha)

לגבייך / לְגַבַּיִךְ (l'gabáyikh)

לְגַבַּיכֶם (l'gabeikhém)

לְגַבַּיכֶן (l'gabeikhén)

לְגַבָּיו (l'gabáv)

לְגַבֶּיהָ (l'gabéiha)

לְגַבַּיהֶם (l'gabeihém)

לְגַבַּיהֶן (l'gabeihén)

From לְ־ (l'-) + גַּבֵּי (gabéi); hence literally “to the backs of”. A calque of Aramaic [Term?]. First attested in the Talmud.

יש לי כמה שאלות לגבי מה שאמרת. — yésh lí káma sh'elót l'gabéi má she'amárt(a). — I have some questions regarding what you said.

הוא אופטימי לגבי עתידו.

About, regarding, in connection with, with respect to.


אום

From Middle High German umbe, from Old High German umbi. Compare German um.


بعد چہ

ba'd ce (romanization)
ba'd ca (romanization)


پس از

From پس (pas, “so, after, behind”) + از (az, “from”).

af

بادشاه امسال دعوای نبوت کرده است، گر خدا خواهد پس از سالی خدا خواهد شد

late 16th c., Mullā Shīrī, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

This year, the emperor has laid claim to prophethood; God willing, after a year, he will become a god.

bâdšâh emsâl da'vâ-ye nobovvat karde ast, gar xodâ xâhad pas az sâli xodâ xâhad šod


בניגוד ל־

he-prep

בְּנִגּוּד לְ־

בניגוד ל־ / בְּנִגּוּד לְ־ • (b'nigúd l'-)

בְּנִגּוּד לְ־ (canonical)
b'nigúd l'- (romanization)

From בְּ־ (b'-) + ניגוד \ נִגּוּד (nigúd) + לְ־ (l'-).

af

ניגוד \ נִגּוּד

בְּ־ (b'-) + ניגוד \ נִגּוּד (nigúd)

ראש הממשלה בנימין נתניהו התראיין היום (שלישי) בשתי תחנות רדיו בניגוד לחוק הבחירות.

2019 September 17, Chaim Levinson, Haaretz:

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was interviewed today (Tuesday) by two radio stations, contrary to election law.

rósh hamemshalá binyamín netanyáhu hitra'áyen hayóm (shlishí) beshtéy tachanót rádio benigúd lechók habchirót.


pouor

From Old French por, from Late Latin pōr, from Latin pro.


ānt

From Proto-Tocharian *ā́ntë, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ént-o- (“in front”), *h₂ent- (“front, front side”). Compare Latin ante, Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”), Sanskrit अन्ति (ánti), Old Armenian ընդ (ənd), and Old English ende (English end). Compare Tocharian B ānte.


ānte

From Proto-Tocharian *ā́ntë, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ént-o- (“in front”), from *h₂ent- (“front, front side”). Cognates include Latin ante, Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”), Sanskrit अन्ति (ánti), Old Armenian ընդ (ənd), and Old English ende (English end). Compare Tocharian A ānt.


anenst

He lives anenst the church.

He shall have a bel, that's Abel; / And by it standing one whose name is Dee, / In a rug gown, there's D, and Rug, that's drug: / And right anenst him a dog snarling er, / There's Drugger, Abel Drugger. That's his sign. / And here's now mystery and hieroglyphic!

c. 1610, Ben Jonson, “The Alchemist”, in William Gifford, editor, The Works of Ben Jonson, volume 4, published 1816, page 88:

He said nothing anenst this particular.

(UK, Scotland, obsolete) About; concerning; anent.


m ẖnw

Here the hieroglyph for water isunder the hieroglyph for a pot —the Egyptian phrase ismw ẖr nw


mj

mi-i d:p:t-P1 D35:n s*x:r-i-i-Y1-A1 i-m-s
[…] mj dpt nn sḫry jm.s […]

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B1 (pAmherst 1 and pBerlin 3023) lines 221–222


denz

Bourguignon: dians

French: dans

Norman: dans, dauns

Picard: dins


تياد

Blend of تيدق (“not”) + اد (“to exist; to have; to be”).

blend

تيدق اد
تيدق اد#Malay


تق بر-

تيدق بر-
تيدق بر-#Malay


تق اد

tak (“not”) + ada (“to exist; to have; to be”).

compound

تيدق اد
تيدق اد#Malay


tiada

Blend of tidak (“not”) + ada (“to exist; to have; to be”).


زوندر

From Dutch zonder, from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.

سوندر سوندر#Malay

(Netherlands, Indonesia) Alternative form of سوندر


تيدق اد

تيدق (“not”) + اد (“to exist; to have; to be”).


tidak ada

تيدق اد (Jawi)

tidak (“not”) + ada (“to exist; to have; to be”).


سوندر

(Netherlands, Indonesia) without (not having)


tanpa

From Malay tanpa, from Classical Malay tanpa, from Javanese tanpa (ꦠꦤ꧀ꦥ, “without”), from Old Javanese tan apa (“not matter”).


ไร้

Cognate with Isan ไฮ้, Lao ໄຮ້ (hai), Northern Thai ᩁᩱ᩶ (hay⁶), Khün ᩁᩱ᩶ (hay⁶), Lü ᦺᦣᧉ (hay²).


ใกล้

th-prep

ใกล้ • (glâi)

From Proto-Tai *k.raɰꟲ (“near”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩲ᩶ or ᨠᩖᩱ᩶, Lao ໃກ້ (kai) or ໄກ້ (kai), Lü ᦺᦂᧉ (k̇ay²), Shan ၵၢႆ (kǎai), Ahom 𑜀𑜧 (kaw) or 𑜀𑜩 (kay), Bouyei jaec, Zhuang gyawj.

cog

Lü ᦺᦂᧉ (k̇ay²)

สนามบินอยู่ใกล้สถานีรถไฟฟ้า

sà-nǎam-bin yùu glâi sà-tǎa-nii rót-fai-fáa


dar le

head

dar le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article dar leis)

dar liom (first-person singular)
dar liomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
dar leat (second-person singular)
dar leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
dar leis (masculine singular third-person)
dar leis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dar léi (feminine singular third-person)
dar léise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dar linn (first-person plural)
dar linne (emphatic first-person plural)
dar libh (plural second-person)
dar libhse (emphatic plural second-person)
dar leo (plural third-person)
dar leosan (emphatic plural third-person)

/d̪ˠaɾˠ lʲɛ/

dar liom

Tá do dhóthain agat, dar liom.

dar le m’fhear céile

Dar liom go bhfuil ceart agat.

(substituting for a clause) it seems to (followed by a go-clause)


meďu

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: між (miž), памі́ж (pamíž), про́меж (prómjež)

Russian: меж (mež), межу (mežu) (dialectal or obsolete), проме́ж (proméž)

Carpathian Rusyn: меж (mež), межи (mežy), змежи (zmežy), помежи (pomežy), спомежи (spomežy), испомежи (yspomežy)

Ukrainian: між (miž), меж (mež) (dialectal), ме́жи́ (méžý), по́між (pómiž, “in a row, near”) (dialectal), помі́ж (pomíž), поме́жи (poméžy), про́між (prómiž)

Ukrainian: з-між (z-miž), з-по́між (z-pómiž), з-промі́ж (z-promíž)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: междоу (meždu), междю (meždju)

→ Russian: ме́жду (méždu), проме́жду (proméždu)

Bulgarian: между́ (meždú)

Macedonian: меѓу (meǵu)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏ђу

Latin script: mȅđu

Slovene: med

Fossilized from the locative dual of *meďa (“border; boundary”); literally, "in the (two) borders".


nadъ

East Slavic:

Belarusian: над (nad)

Russian: над (nad)

Ukrainian: над (nad)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: надъ (nadŭ)

Bulgarian: над (nad)

Macedonian: над (nad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̏д

Latin script: nȁd

Slovene: nad (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nad
Czech: nad

desctree

Old Polish: nad
Polish: nad
Silesian: nad

Slovak: nad

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nad, nód

Slovincian: nad

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nad

Upper Sorbian: nad

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nōda, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nō-dʰh₁-o-m. The first part of the compound is directly reflected in *na (“on”), and for the second part compare a similarly constructed preposition *podъ. *dʰh₁o- represents a root noun of the verb *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”), whence also *děti.

(with instrumental) over, above (stationary)

(with accusative) over, above (motion to)


bez(ъ)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: безъ (bezŭ)

Old Ruthenian: безъ (bez)

Belarusian: без (bjez)

Carpathian Rusyn: без (bez)

Ukrainian: без (bez)

Russian: без (bez)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: без (bez)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰵⰸ (bez)

Bulgarian: без (bez)

Macedonian: без (bez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бѐз

Latin script: bèz

Slovene: brez (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bez

Czech: bez

Bohemian (Chod dialect): bez

Kashubian: bez

Old Polish: bez
Polish: bez
Silesian: bez

Slovak: bez

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bjez

Lower Sorbian: bźez

Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs (“out”). Cognate with Lithuanian bè, Latvian bez, Old Prussian bhe, and likely Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”). The first element is probably the same as that in Proto-Slavic *bo (“for”), Lithuanian bà (“really”), Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”), Avestan 𐬠𐬁 (bā, “indeed”).


vъ(n)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: въ (vŭ), у (u), и (i)
Old Ruthenian: въ (v)
Belarusian: у (u), ў (ŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: в (v), у (u)
Ukrainian: у (u), в (v)
Russian: в (v)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: въ (vŭ)

Bulgarian: в (v)

Macedonian: во (vo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у

Latin script: u

Slovene: v

West Slavic:

Old Czech: v

Czech: v

Old Polish: w
Polish: w
Silesian: w

Slovak: v

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: w

Slovincian: w

Polabian: vå

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: w

Lower Sorbian: w

PIE word
 *h₁en
Either:
* From Proto-Balto-Slavic *in, from the zero-grade *h₁n̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).
*: Cognate with Lithuanian į, in (Eastern dialects), Old Prussian en.
* From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from o-grade *h₁ón of Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).
*: Cognate with Latvian iekša (ie-kša), Ancient Greek ἐν (en) / ἐνί (ení, “in, within”), Proto-Italic *en (“in”), Proto-Celtic *eni / *en (“in”), Proto-Germanic *in (“in”).
Often assumed to come from the zero-grade. However there are no secure examples of *n̥ > Balto-Slavic *un (other examples like *sъto (often considered to be an Iranian borrowing) are all riddled with difficulties and unreliable), and the o-grade *h₁ón can be posited instead. See also *mъnogъ, *vъnukъ, *vъnъ, *vъtorъ and *kъ(n), *gъnati, *gъrnъ, *gъrdlo, *kъrma, *dǫti/*dъmǫ.

(+ locative) in, inside, within (stationary)

(+ accusative) in, into, inside (motion to)

(+ locative) in, during (a period of time)


jьz

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: из (iz), изъ (izŭ)

Old Ruthenian: изъ (iz), исъ (is)

Belarusian: з (z), зо (zo)

Carpathian Rusyn: из (yz)

Ukrainian: з (z), із (iz)

Russian: из (iz), изо (izo)

desc

Old Novgorodian: иꙁ (iz), иꙁъ (izŭ), иꙁо (izo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: из (iz), изъ (izŭ)

Bulgarian: из (iz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: из

Latin script: iz

Slovene: iz (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: z
Czech: z

Old Polish: z
Polish: z
Silesian: z

Slovak: z, zo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: z

Slovincian: sê

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: z, ze

Lower Sorbian: z, ze

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *iź, *iś, from Proto-Indo-European *eḱs, *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”). Cognates with Lithuanian iš (dialectally iž), Latvian iz, Old Prussian is.


podъ

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пад (pad), па́да (páda)

Russian: под (pod), по́до (pódo)

Carpathian Rusyn: пуд (pud), пӱд (püd), попуд (popud), попӱд (popüd)

Ukrainian: під (pid), пі́ді (pídi), пі́до (pído)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: подъ (podŭ)

Bulgarian: под (pod)

Macedonian: под (pod)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̏д

Latin script: pȍd

Slovene: pȍd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pod
Czech: pod

desctree

Old Polish: pod
Polish: pod
Silesian: pod

Slovak: pod

Pomeranian:

Polabian: püd

Kashubian: pòd, pòde

Slovincian: pôd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pod

Lower Sorbian: pód

(with instrumental) under, below, beneath (stationary)

(with accusative) under, below, beneath (motion to)


perdъ

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пе́рад (pjérad)

Russian: пе́ред (péred)

Ukrainian: пе́ред (péred)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: прѣдъ (prědŭ)

→ Russian: пред (pred)

→ Ukrainian: пред (pred)

Bulgarian: пред (pred)

Macedonian: пред (pred)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏д

Latin script: prȅd

Slovene: pred (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přěd
Czech: před

Old Polish: przed
Polish: przed
Silesian: przed

Slovak: pred

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: przed

Slovincian: przêd

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pśed

Upper Sorbian: před

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *perd-, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

(with instrumental) before, in front of (stationary)

(with accusative) before, in front of (motion to)


sъ(n)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: з (z), са (sa)

Russian: с (s), со (so)

Carpathian Rusyn: з (z), из (yz)

i

Ukrainian: з (z), із (iz), зі (zi); зо (zo) (dialectal, pronunciational version of "зі" after a pause)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съ (sŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏ (sŭ)

Bulgarian: с (s), със (sǎs)

Macedonian: со (so)

Serbo-Croatian::

Cyrillic script: с, са

Latin script: s, sa

Slovene: s, z (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: s

Czech: s

Old Polish: z
Polish: z
Silesian: z

Slovak: s, so

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: z

Slovincian: sê

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: z

Lower Sorbian: z

From either Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“one, same”) in which case inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *san and cognate with Latvian sa-, Lithuanian su, or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom (“with”).
Etymologically identical to the nominal prefix Proto-Slavic *sǫ-. The difference in development is because of the looser juncture between early Proto-Slavic verbs and preverbs: thus, preverbal *sun was subject to Slavic Auslautgesetze. A similar situation is found in modern German. Not to be confused with Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

(with instrumental) with, accompanying, alongside

(with instrumental) with, by means of, using


kъ(n)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: къ (kŭ), ко (ko), кꙋ (ku)

Belarusian: к (k)

Russian: к (k), ко (ko)

Old Ukrainian: ик (ik), икъ (ik), ико (iko), икь (ikʹ), ко (ko), коу (ku), къ (k), кь (kʹ), кы (ky), кг (g)

Ukrainian: к (k), ік (ik), ґ (g), іґ (ig)

Old Novgorodian: ко (ko)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: къ (kŭ)

Bulgarian: към (kǎm)

Macedonian: кон (kon)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: к, ка

Latin script: k, ka

Slovene: k, h

West Slavic:

Old Czech: k

Czech: k, ke, ku

Kashubian: kù

Old Polish: ku
Polish: ku
Silesian: ku

Old Slovak: k, ku

Pannonian Rusyn: ґу (gu)

Slovak: k, ku

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: k

Lower Sorbian: k

From Proto-Indo-European *kom or *ku, *kʷom. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (kw/ku, “to”), Sanskrit कम् (kám, postposition, after datives), Avestan 𐬐𐬄𐬨 (kąm, “for the sake of”). Also compare Old Latin quom (“with”), Latin cum, com-, con-, co-, cum-, Oscan com-, kúm, com-, co-, ku-, Old Irish co-, com- (“with”), Gaulish com-, co-. But usually they are derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom. Following Pokorny, Matasović compares Proto-Celtic *kʷo (“to”), whence Old Irish co and Welsh py, pwy (“to”), and reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *kʷo (“to”).


o(b)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: о (o), ѡ (o)
Old Ruthenian: о (o)
Carpathian Rusyn: о (o)
Ukrainian: о (o)
Russian: о (o)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: о (o)

Bulgarian: о (o)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о

Latin script: o

Slovene: ȍ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: o, ob

Old Polish: o
Polish: o
Silesian: ô

Slovak: o, ob

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ò, ó

Slovincian: wô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wó

Upper Sorbian: wó

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: объ (obŭ), об (ob), ѡб (ob)
Old Ruthenian: объ (ob)
Belarusian: аб (ab)
Carpathian Rusyn: об (ob)
Ukrainian: об (ob)
Russian: об (ob)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: объ (obŭ), об (ob)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: об (regional)

Latin script: ob (regional)

Slovene: ȍb (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: ob

Kashubian: òb, òbe

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wob

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.
See also:
* *h₂m̥bʰi (“around”)
* *h₁epi/*h₁opi: Lithuanian ap(y)-, apýilgis, aprangà, Latin ob-, oblongus (: *odьlgъ, *orǫga)


otъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отъ (otŭ), ѿ (otŭ)

Old Ruthenian: отъ (ot), ото (oto)

Belarusian: ад (ad), ада (ada)

Carpathian Rusyn: вуд (vud)

Ukrainian: від (vid)

Russian: от (ot), ото (oto)

Old Novgorodian: ѿ (otŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отъ (otŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: отъ (otŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⱏ (otŭ)

Bulgarian: от (ot)

Macedonian: од (od)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏д

Latin script: ȍd

Slovene: od (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ot

Czech: od

Old Polish: od
Polish: od
Silesian: ôd

Slovak: od, odo

Polabian: vit

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òd

Slovincian: wôd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wot, wote

Lower Sorbian: wót, wóte

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ati (as a prefix: *at-), probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óti, o-grade variant of *h₁éti (“beyond, further; also”), or alternatively from *h₂éti (“but”). Cognate with Lithuanian at- (“back, away”), Latvian at- (“back away”), Old Prussian at-, et- (“back, away”) (the latter from an apparent variant *et-).

(with genitive) originating from, starting from (a place or time), since

(with genitive) of, made of, consisting of

(with genitive) by (in passive; by the action of)


jn

introduces the agent of a passive construction, when not a personal pronoun; by

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 1

Recitation by an excellent retainer: […]

dwA-Q2:ir-i-N-ns:Z2:E1--n-i-mn:n-i-mn:n--ms-nb:t:pr*Z1-nfr:t-i-r:y
dwꜣ wsjr jn jmj-r mnmnt [n(t) jmn jmn-]ms nbt-pr nfrt-jrj […]

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 1

Worship of Osiris by the overseer of the cattle [of Amon, Amen]mose, and the mistress of the house Nefertari […]

introduces the agent of an infinitive, when not a personal pronoun

introduces an emphasized subject (one that serves as the rheme of the clause), when not a personal pronoun

introduces the emphasized (non-participial) element in a participial statement, when not a personal pronoun


פאַר

head

פאַר • (far)

פֿאַר פֿאַר#Yiddish

(nonstandard) Unpointed form of פֿאַר (far).


פאר

פֿאַר פֿאַר#Yiddish


αφ'

αφ’ ενός … αφ’ ετέρου …

από από#Greek

(formal) Contraction of από (apó, “from”).


einschließlich

Ihm gehört das Grundstück einschließlich des Hauses.
He owns the property including the house.

Das Museum zeigt Zeugnisse der Zerstörung, einschließlich eines Autos, das der Tsunami in ein Obergeschoß der Schule gespült hatte.

2021, From Apa/Dpas, “Tausende Nachbeben in Japan seit Tsunami-Katastrophe”, in Salzburger Nachrichten:

The museum displays evidence of the destruction, including a car that the tsunami had washed into an upper floor of the school.


en faveur de

LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-en faveur de.wav

Je suis en faveur de votre proposition.

statuer en faveur de quelqu’un


بعيد

ar-prep

بُعَيْدَ • (buʕayda)

بُعَيْدَ (canonical)
buʕayda (romanization)
بُعَيْدَ (stem)
بُعَيْدِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بُعَيْدَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بُعَيْدَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بُعَيْدَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بُعَيْدَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بُعَيْدَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بُعَيْدَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بُعَيْدَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
بُعَيْدَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بُعَيْدَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بُعَيْدَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بُعَيْدَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


kepada

Affixed ke- + pada, from Malay kepada (“to (a person)”), from Classical Malay kepada (“to (a place)”).

Mohon, kirimlah salamku kepada ibuku.
Please, send my regards to my mother.
Kirim dong salam aku ke ibu aku.


kepada

Tolong kirim salam saya kepada ibu.


jmjtw

(with a dual object or two objects separated by r) between


ḥnꜥ

Old Coptic: ⳍⲗ- (ḥl-)


ḥnꜥ

Demotic: ḥnꜥ
Old Coptic: ⳍⲗ- (ḥl-)

i-w-d:p-t:P1-r-ii-i-t:D54-m-Xn:n-nw-w-pr-s-qd-d-A30-A1:Z2-i-m-s-r:x-Y2:n-k\-!-Sm-m-D54:k\-H-n:a-s-n:Z2-r-Xn:n-nw-w-pr-m-t:Z6-k\-m-niwt:t*Z1-k\
jw dpt r jjt m ẖnw sqdw jm.s rḫ.n.k šm.k ḥnꜥ.sn r ẖnw m(w)t.k m nwt.k

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 119–123

A boat is to come from home with sailors in it whom you know. You will go home with them, and you will die in your (own) town.

i-r-s-wr-r-i-A2-k\-H-n:a-t:x-w-W22-A1-O43-p-a:k\-i-w-ib-Z1-f-Htp:t-p-w-Y1

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9

If you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.

M17-Z7:f-m-N35:I10-s-G37:A1-N35-M4-t:100-10-M17-Z7:f-Hr-Z1-M42-m-A2-t:X2-X4:Z2-100-100-100:100-100-r-mn:N35-D41:F51-N35-E1-Z1-m-M17-Z7:f-F51:Z2-!H-N35:D36-s-G36:r-M17-N35A-A2-H-q:X1-Hnqt:Z2-d:z-Hnqt-100-r-mn:N35-Y1-m-h-r-Z7-N5-Z1-p:N35
jw.f m nḏs n(j) rnpt 110 jw.f ḥr wnm t 500 rmn n(j) jḥ m jwf ḥnꜥ zwrj ḥ(n)qt ds 100 r-mn-m hrw pn

c. 1600 BCE, Westcar Papyrus, column 7, lines 1-4

He is a commoner a hundred and ten years old, who eats five hundred loaves of bread, a shoulder of beef for meat and drinks a hundred jars of beer, up to this day.


𐭡𐭩𐭭

Persian: اندر (andar)

From Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (atar, “among, within”). Logogram from Aramaic 𐡁𐡉𐡍 (bēn)..


𐡁𐡉𐡍

Compare Hebrew בֵּין (bein) and Arabic بَيْنَ (bayna).


𐭯𐭥𐭭

Persian: به (be)


لقاء

لِقَاءَ • (liqāʔa)

لِقَاءَ (canonical)
liqāʔa (romanization)


𐭌𐭍

Compare Middle Persian 𐭬𐭭 (az).
Logogram from Aramaic 𐡌𐡍 (men).


𐭬𐭣𐭬

Classical Persian: بر (bar) (as a prefix or preposition), ابر (abar) (as a prefix)

Dari: ابر (abar), بر (bar)

Persian: ابر (abar), بر (bar)

Tajik: абар (abar), бар (bar)

From Proto-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upér.
Cognates include English over, Latin super (whence English super), Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old Armenian վեր (ver), German über, Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri).
Logogram from Aramaic 𐡒𐡃𐡌 (qd̠ām, qŭd̠ām). Compare Classical Syriac ܩܕܡ (qdām).

arameogram

abar āmadan

abar nišastan

abar nigarīdan


свыше

head

свы́ше • (svýše)


rundt

Jorda går rundt sola.

Se deg rundt.


rundt

Trøndelag dialect. Eye dialect spelling as rointj

Jorda går rundt sola.

Sjå deg rundt.


на борт

на́ борт • (ná bort)

на́ борт (canonical)
ná bort (romanization)


на борту

на борту́ • (na bortú)

на борту ́ (canonical)
na bortú (romanization)


соответственно

соотве́тственно

соотве́тственно • (sootvétstvenno)

соотве́тственно (canonical)
sootvétstvenno (romanization)

Ru-соответственно.ogg


εξ

εκ δεξιών και εξ ευωνύμων
ek dexión kai ex evonýmon
on the one hand and on the other
(literally, “on the right-hand and on the left-hand”)

Alternative form of εκ (ek) (used before a vowel)


εκ

εκ Παρισίων

εξ ανάγκης

εξ αγχιστείας


в соответствии с

в соотве́тствии с

в соотве́тствии с • (v sootvétstvii s)

в соотве́тствии с (canonical)
v sootvétstvii s (romanization)


راجع به

راجع به • (râje' be)

[rɑː.d͡ʒe̞ʔ bä]

[rɑː.d͡ʒe̞ʔ bä]

[ɾɔ.d͡ʒeʔ bä]


säit

From Old High German sīd. Cognate with German seit.


rrëzë

Denasalized variant of dialectal rrënzë, diminutive of rrënjë (“root”) in -zë.


zanter

From Old High German sint. The onset z- is probably from prepositioned ze (“to”) as in cognate Dutch sinds (from earlier *t(e)zinds). More distant cognates include German seit and English since.

Ech wunnen hei zanter dem leschte Joer.

Ech wunnen hei zanter engem Joer.


géintiwwer

[ɡəɪ̯nˈdivɐ]

[ɡəɪ̯ntˈʔivɐ]

Equivalent to géint + iwwer. Compare German gegenüber, Dutch tegenover.

Eist Haus läit géintiwwer der Kierch.

Et soll een hëllefsbereet géintiwwer eelere Leit sinn.

One should be helpful towards elderly people.

A weider hutt dir héieren, datt deene Generatioune virun iech gesot ginn ass: Du solls kee falschen Eed doen; du solls dem Här géintiwwer deng Eeder halen!

Luxembourgish translation of Matthew 5:33

And again you have heard that to the generations before you it was said: You shall make no false oath; you shall make your oaths to the Lord!

Dëse Stau ass näischt géintiwwer deem vu gëschter!

This traffic jam is nothing compared to the one yesterday!


ndjerë

From Proto-Albanian *a/N(e)dri, from Proto-Indo-European *mé-ǵʰ(s)ri (locative) from *me (“with”). Cognate to Ancient Greek μέχρι (mékhri), Old Armenian մերձ (merj), and doublet of me as well related to dorë.


сродни

сродни́ • (srodní)

сродни́ (canonical)
srodní (romanization)

akin (of the same kin; related by blood)


le haghaidh

le haghaidh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

le m’aghaidh (first-person singular)
le m’aghaidhse (emphatic first-person singular)
le d’aghaidh (second-person singular)
le d’aghaidhse (emphatic second-person singular)
lena aghaidh (masculine singular third-person)
lena aghaidhsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
lena haghaidh (feminine singular third-person)
lena haghaidhse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
lenár n-aghaidh (first-person plural)
lenár n-aghaidhne (emphatic first-person plural)
le bhur n-aghaidh (plural second-person)
le bhur n-aghaidhse (emphatic plural second-person)
lena n-aghaidh (plural third-person)
lena n-aghaidhsean (emphatic plural third-person)


prej

From Proto-Albanian *prei, from Proto-Indo-European *prō (“forward, in front of, before”), close to Greek πρωΐ (proḯ, “early, in the morning”), and Old High German fruoi (“id”).


ранее

head

ра́нее • (ráneje)

ра́нее (canonical)
ráneje (romanization)


utanfor

Hæren stod utanfor byen.


בם

בָּם • (bam)

(poetic)/(archaic) Form of בְּ־ (b'-) including third-person masculine plural personal pronoun as object.


בהם

בָּהֶם • (bahém)

Form of בְּ־ (b'-) including third-person masculine plural personal pronoun as object.


medzi

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *meďu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos.


au sujet de

LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-au sujet de.wav


a respeito de

[ɐ ʁɨʃˈpɐj.tu ðɨ]

[ɐ ʁɨʃˈpɐj.tu ðɨ]

[ɐ ʁɨʃˈpe.tu ðɨ]

Nas aulas de matemática aprendemos tudo a respeito de números.

In math classes we learn everything about numbers.


zënter

The alternation -a-/-ë- is due to the irregular lowering of Old High German -i-, which led to Luxembourgish -a- in many cases but -ë- in many others.


flok

floki (first-person singular)
flokna (first-person plural)
flokok (second-person singular)
flokkom (plural second-person)
floku (masculine singular third-person)
flokha (feminine singular third-person)
flokhom (plural third-person)

Univerbation of f’ (“in”) + lok (“spot, stead”).


сречу

head

сречу • (sreču)

срещу срещу#Bulgarian

(Shopski) Alternative form of срещу (sreštu)


brenda

From Proto-Albanian *(en) per en ta, from Proto-Indo-European *én pér én tód, a sequence of particles.


ឱ្យ

km-prep

ឱ្យ • (ʼaoy)

ឲ្យ ឲ្យ#Khmer


ឲ្យ

ឲ្យ • (ʼaoy)


вблизи

head

вблизи́ • (vblizí)

вблизи́ (canonical)
vblizí (romanization)


по мотивам

по моти́вам • (po motívam)

по моти́вам (canonical)
po motívam (romanization)


в честь

в честь • (v čestʹ)

Э́тот спортза́л на́зван в честь него́.


что касается

что каса́ется

что каса́ется • (što kasájetsja)

что каса́ется (canonical)
što kasájetsja (romanization)

with regard to, as regards, in regard to


касательно

каса́тельно • (kasátelʹno)

каса́тельно (canonical)
kasátelʹno (romanization)


trasna

trasna (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

/ˈt̪ˠɾˠasˠn̪ˠə/

From Middle Irish tarsna, from Old Irish tarsno.

Trasna na dtonnta, dul siar, dul siar.


по сравнению с

по сравне́нию с

по сравне́нию с • (po sravnéniju s)

по сравне́нию с (canonical)
po sravnéniju s (romanization)

as compared with, as opposed to, in contrast with, against


до тех пор пока

до тех по́р пока́

до тех по́р пока́ • (do tex pór poká)

до тех по́р пока́ (canonical)
do tex pór poká (romanization)


κάτω σε

κάτω σε • (káto se)

el-prep

κάτω σε • (káto se)

down (expressing direction towards a lower level)


наперекор

head

напереко́р • (naperekór)

напереко́р (canonical)
naperekór (romanization)


aunz

From Late Latin ab ante, from Latin ab + ante.


achterin

Univerbation of achter (“behind”) + in (“in”).

univerbation

De boodschappen liggen achterin de auto.

The groceries are in the back of the car.


на случай

head

на слу́чай • (na slúčaj)

на слу́чай (canonical)
na slúčaj (romanization)

[nɐ‿ˈsɫut͡ɕɪj]


в случае

в слу́чае • (v slúčaje)

в слу́чае (canonical)
v slúčaje (romanization)


с помощью

с по́мощью • (s pómoščʹju)

с по́мощью (canonical)
s pómoščʹju (romanization)

via, by dint of (by (means of); using (a medium))


erbyn

From Middle Welsh erbyn, from Proto-Brythonic *ar bɨnn, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare kʷennūi (“in front of the head”). Essentially equivalent to ar + pen, but with the umlaut due to the Proto-Celtic inflection.


𧵑

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 貝 + phonetic 古 (cổ).

Han compound

Nôm form of của (“of (belonging to or associated with)”).


wnc

wnc (mutation mutation-radical)
hwnc (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh wnc (“near, nigh”), from Proto-Brythonic *unk, from Proto-Celtic *onkus (“near”) (whence Old Irish oc (“at”)).


wng

wng (mutation mutation-radical)
hwng (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh wg (“near, nigh”), alternative form of wnc, from Proto-Brythonic *unk, from Proto-Celtic *onkos (“near”) (whence Old Irish oc (“at”)).


vz

vz dľu

vz hóru

Úsilno sě vz vodu bráti.


cjeć

(Croatia, archaic) Alternative form of cijeć


զատ

Armenian: զատ (zat)


аҿы

head

а-ҿы́ • (a-ĉʼə́)

Ақалақь аҿы.

Ақалақьқәа рҿы.


подобно

подо́бно • (podóbno)

подо́бно (canonical)
podóbno (romanization)


հեռի

հեռի • (heṙi)

xcl-prep

հեռի • (heṙi)

Armenian: հեռի (heṙi)


صوب

ar-prep

صَوْبَ • (ṣawba)

صَوْبَ (canonical)
ṣawba (romanization)
صَوْبَ (stem)
صَوْبِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
صَوْبَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
صَوْبَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
صَوْبَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
صَوْبَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
صَوْبَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
صَوْبَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
صَوْبَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
صَوْبَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
صَوْبَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
صَوْبَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
صَوْبَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

أطلقت قوات الاحتلال النيران بكثافة صوب الشاب ما أدى إلى إصابته بجروح بالغة الخطورة.

2017 December 15, “صور – 4 شهداء في الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة”, in Al-Quds, archived from the original on 2017-12-15:

The occupation forces launched the fire densely towards the young man which lead to serious wounds being inflicted on him.


exceto

Borrowed from Latin exceptus, from excipiō.

Todos foram à festa, exceto eu.


starp

From starpa (“interval, gap, area between”) (q.v.), probably originally a reduced form of its locative form starpā, or perhaps of its old (16th- and 17th-century) illative form starpan, or of its instrumental form starpu.

sēdēt starp tēvu un māti

starp viņiem atradās tikai Nora

mežs starp upi un pilsētu

the forest between the river and the city

galds atrodas starp skapi un logu

the table is situated between the cabinet and the window

ieplaka starp divām augstienēm

skraidīt starp kūti un klēti

to run between the (granary) barn and the (animal) barn

starp diviem punktiem var novilkt tikai vienu taisni

between two points (one) can draw only one straight line

used to locate an object in the space defined by two others; between

sēdēt starp draugiem

starp kokiem redzams šķūnis

putns nozūd starp ēkām

the bird disappeared among the buildings

bibliotekāre rosās starp grāmatu plauktiem

the librarian is busy among the bookshelves

used to locate an object in a space defined by many others; among, amid

attālumi starp zvaigznēm ir miljoniem reižu lielāki par pašām zvaigznēm

the distances between stars are millions to times larger than the stars themselves

used to locate an object in a space defined by many others pairwise; among, between

starp pirmo un septīto oktobri

starp rītu un vakaru

atpūta starp siena pļauju un labības pļauju

(period of) rest between the hay harvest and the grain harvest

used to correlate a time period within a larger time period defined by two events or points in time; between

temperatūra starp desmit un divpadsmit grādiem

temperature between ten and twelve degrees

kravas masa ir starp 100 un 120 kilogramiem

the mass of (this) load is between 100 and 100 kilograms

used to estimate a value or measurement within a certain interval; between

sāk izzust atšķirība starp laukiem un pilsētu

he began to feel the difference between the countryside and the city

starp gleznotāja darbiem šis ir labākais

among the painter's works, this is the best

used to indicate a comparison between two or more elements; between, among

sākumā viņš savu brīvu laiku dalīja starp šo grāmatu un veco harmoniju kaktā

at first he divided his time between this book and the old harmonium in the corner

used to indicate a division between two or more goals; between

starp mums runājot, arī tava ceļazīme bija tikai formalitāte

speaking between us, your voucher was also only a formality

used to indicate a certain level of secrecy; between, among

starp viņiem nav saskaņas

miers starp tautām

cīņa starp divām komandām

the fight between the two detachments, brigades

used to indicate a mutual relationship; between, among

zēns stāvēja uz robežas starp pasaku un īstenību

the boy was standing on the border between fairy tale and reality

tava dzīve: izvilkta stīga starp darbu un mīlestību

your life: a string pulled between work and love

tas bija brauciens starp dzīvību un nāvi

this was a journey between life and death

(figuratively) used to indicate a boundary or transitional zone between events, states, situations; between


compte tenu de

From tenir compte, converted into a nominative absolute.

given, considering, in light of, in view of


furai

From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy, an innovative dative formation from *preh₂-. Compare Latin prae, Ancient Greek παραί (paraí) and Sanskrit पुरे (pure). Alternatively from *pr̥h₃-éy or *pr̥h₃-óy, from *perh₃-. In any case, ultimately from the root *per-.


поводом

по̀водом (canonical)
pòvodom (romanization)


driéthe

les gens avaient peux d'ouï d'la traîn'nie par lé c'mîn driéthe ieux

2010, Mêfie-té des Monstres: Tchiques légendes dé Jèrri, Jersey: Le Don Balleine, L'Office du Jèrriais, →ISBN, page 33:

people were scared of hearing dragging on the road behind them


le hucht

head

le hucht (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

in front of, before, in anticipation of, for the purpose of


in ucht

in ucht (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

i m'ucht (first-person singular)
i m'uchtsa (emphatic first-person singular)
i d'ucht (second-person singular)
i d'uchtsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina ucht (masculine singular third-person)
ina uchtsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina hucht (feminine singular third-person)
ina huchtsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár n-ucht (first-person plural)
inár n-uchtna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur n-ucht (plural second-person)
in bhur n-uchtsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina n-ucht (plural third-person)
ina n-uchtsan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish i n-ucht (“in, at, on the bosom or breast of”).


as ucht

head

as ucht (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

as m’ucht (first-person singular)
as m’uchtsa (emphatic first-person singular)
as d’ucht (second-person singular)
as d’uchtsa (emphatic second-person singular)
as a ucht (masculine singular third-person)
as a uchtsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
as a hucht (feminine singular third-person)
as a huchtsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
as ár n-ucht (first-person plural)
as ár n-uchtna (emphatic first-person plural)
as bhur n-ucht (plural second-person)
as bhur n-uchtsa (emphatic plural second-person)
as a n-ucht (plural third-person)
as a n-uchtsan (emphatic plural third-person)

for the sake of, on account of, on behalf of, in return for


co do

as for, as to, regarding [with genitive]

vis-à-vis, apropos, about [with genitive]


afora

From Old Galician-Portuguese afora, from a- + fora. Compare Spanish afuera, French dehors.

Todos falaram, afora ela.


onmiddan

English: amid


本著

/pən²¹⁴ ɖ͡ʐ̥ə⁴/

/puːn³⁵ t͡sœːk̚²/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tioʔ¹²¹/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tioʔ²⁴/

/pən²¹⁴ ɖ͡ʐ̥ə⁴/

/puːn³⁵ t͡sœːk̚²/

/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tioʔ¹²¹/

/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tioʔ²⁴/

He passed this exam with his relentless persistence.

Tā běnzhe tā nǔlì bù xiè de zhízhuó tōngguò le zhè cì de kǎoshì.

他本著他努力不懈的執著通過了這次的考試。

他本着他努力不懈的执着通过了这次的考试。

in line with; according to; conforming with; based on