versus

Borrowed from Latin versus. Doublet of verso, which is inherited.


versus

Borrowed from English versus, from Latin versus. Doublet of verso.

Esta noche transmitiremos a Alberto del Río versus John Cena en vivo.

Tonight, we'll be broadcasting Alberto del Rio versus John Cena live.


från

From Old Swedish frān, extended (with unexplained -n) from older Old Swedish frā (compare the archaic/dialectal alternative form frå), a proclitic form of Old Swedish fram, from Proto-Germanic *fram (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *promo- (“forth, forward”).


addu

Vaco addu Prìzeta


mulai

From Malay mulai, from Sanskrit मूल (mūla). Equivalent to mula + -i.


times

Four times five is twenty.

One times one is one.


uit

Uit die blou van onse hemel, uit die diepte van ons see.

1921, “Die Stem van Suid-Afrika”, C.J. Langenhoven (lyrics), M.L. de Villiers (music), South Africa:

From the blue of our heaven, from the depth of our sea.

Uit die diepte van my hart!

2008, “Uit Die Diepte Van My Hart”, in Uit Die Diepte Van My Hart, performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa: Select Musiek:


uit

buiten (prepositional)
buiten (adverb postpositional)
erbuiten
hierbuiten
daarbuiten
waarbuiten
ergens buiten
nergens buiten
overal buiten

Afrikaans: uit

Berbice Creole Dutch: oiti

Jersey Dutch: äut

Negerhollands: ut, it, yt

From Middle Dutch uut, ute, from Old Dutch ūt, from Proto-West Germanic *ūt, from Proto-Germanic *ūt. Compare West Frisian út, English out, German aus, Danish ud, Norwegian ut.


'a

From Old Neapolitan da, from Latin de ab.

by (indicating the actor in a passive voice)


que

Inherited from Latin quid (“what”), but usurping all the roles of Latin quod. Cognate with English who.


von

From Middle High German von, from Old High German fon (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *afanē, *fanē, *funē. Cognate with German von.

Von bannont khèmmatar?

Von béeme piisto?

Whose are you? (literally, “Of whom are you?”)

'S gaplèttarakh von dennàndarn tüut nia bóol.

(literally, “The stuff of others never does well.”)


von

From Middle High German von (“from”), from Old High German fon, fona (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *afanē, *fanē, *funē (“from”), compound of *afa (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“from, off”)) + *ana (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on”)). Cognate with Old Saxon fana, fan (“from”), Dutch van (“from; of”), Old Frisian fon (“from”).

Ich fahre von Köln nach Hamburg.

Ich hab’s von meiner Schwester gehört.

das Auto meines Vaters = das Auto von meinem Vater

of, belonging to (often replacing genitive; see usage note below)

Das Hotel wird von der Firma bezahlt.

Er hat von seiner Jugend erzählt.

Von dem Nomine Substantivo, oder dem Hauptworte.

1796, Abraham Sahlstedt, Schwedische Grammatik nach dem Sprachgebrauch unserer Zeiten, Lübeck & Leipzig, page 259:

About the substantive noun, or the [alternative term]. (headline)

Von welchem Geld soll ich als Arbeitsloser in Urlaub fahren?

Being unemployed, on what money should I go on holidays?

Man kann nicht nur von Luft und Liebe leben.

You can’t live on air and love alone. (proverb)


von

From German von. Doublet of van. The noun is derived from the preposition.


von

Carl von Linné


из

разхо́ждам се из гора́та

шля́я се из Евро́па

разпръ́сквам се из поле́то

to be scattered around/throughout the field

вали́ като́ из ведро́
valí kató iz vedró
it's raining cats and dogs
(literally, “it's raining as if from a bucket”)

из ден в ден
iz den v den
(1) every day, continuously; (2) day by day, more each day
(literally, “from day to day”)

из осно́ви (literary)
iz osnóvi
completely, fundamentally
(literally, “from (the) foundations”)

из дъ́но (colloquial)
iz dǎ́no
completely, fundamentally
(literally, “from (the) bottom”)

(archaic or dialectal, except in idioms) from, out of

(archaic or dated) along, by (a location)


из

From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs. Cognate with Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian and Slovene iz, Russian из (iz).


из

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs.

Он приезжа́ет из Москвы́

изде́лие из тка́ни

оди́н из ста

оди́н из его́ това́рищей

из не́нависти

Что ж из э́того?


из

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *eḱs (“out of”), *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs.

Петар је из Подгорице.

изаћи из собе

piti iz čaše

доћи из Америке

из навике

из непознатог разлога

из љубави

из искуства

из прикрајка

из страха

испит из математике

math test (literally, “test out of math”)

семинар из биологије

Used in miscellaneous expressions that refer to some source or origin; for, because of, out of [with genitive]

ići iz njim

(colloquial, regional) (+ instrumental case) with, together with, along with


beside

From Middle English beside, besiden, bisyde (also besides > besides), from Old English be sīdan, bī sīdan (“by the side (of), on the side (of)”), equivalent to be- + side. Compare Saterland Frisian biesiede (“aside”), German Low German bisied (“aside”), German beiseite (“aside, to one side”). Compare also Dutch terzijde (“aside”).

A small table beside the bed

That is beside the point.


barra

From Arabic بَرًّا (barran, “outside”). Compare Egyptian Arabic برا (barra) and the same in many or most dialects.


running

(colloquial) Approaching; about; roughly.


besides

From Middle English bisides (also bisiden), extension of biside, equivalent to beside + -s (adverbial suffix).

During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

1661, John Fell, “The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond”, quoted in Ecclesiastical Biography by Christopher Wordsworth, fourth edition, volume IV, London: Francis & John Rivington (1853)

I don't want to go anywhere besides India.

I want to go with someone besides my father.

1561, Geneva Bible, Acts 16:13,
And on the Sabbath day, we went out of the citie, beſides a riuer, where they were wont to pray : and we ſate downe, and ſpake vnto the women, which were come together.

After this, was Edwin the Kings brother accuſed of ſome conſpiracie by him begun againſt the K. whervpõ he was baniſhed the land, and ſent out in an old rotten veſſell without rower or Marriner, onely accompanied with one Eſquire, ſo that beeing launched foorth from the ſhore, through very diſpaire Edwin lept into the Sea, and drowned himſelfe, but the Eſquire that was with him recouered his body, and broughte it to land at Withſand beſides Canterbury.

1577, Raphaell Holinshed, “The Historie of Englande”, in The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Harrison, →OCLC, page 225:

Beſides them both, vpon the ſoiled gras / The dead corſe of an armed knight was ſpred, […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 198:


anstataŭ

Tiel same[…]se vi skribos ekzemple per artifikaj gotaj literoj anstataŭ per literoj ordinaraj, aŭ per literoj presaj anstataŭ skribaj[…]

Just the same […] if you write for example with contrived Gothic letters instead of with ordinary letters, or with printed letters instead of handwritten […]

Okazis ke, ekreginte super Grekujo, Aleksandro la Macedona, filo de Filipo, elirinte el la lando de la Kitidoj, venkis ankaŭ Darion, la reĝon de Persoj kaj Medoj, kaj fariĝis reĝo anstataŭ li.

1997, Gerrit Berveling, transl., La Sankta Biblio, Germana Esperanto-Asocio, archived from the original on 2016-03-04, I Makabeoj 1:1:

And it happened, after that Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came out of the land of Chettiim, had smitten Darius king of the Persians and Medes, that he reigned in his stead, the first over Greece,.


antaŭ

Mi nepre devas finfari tion antaŭ tagmezo.

I absolutely must get it done before noon.

Mi nenion povis vidi ĉar ŝi staris antaŭ mi.

I couldn’t see a thing because she was standing in front of me.

1915, L. L. Zamenhof (translator), Malnova Testamento, Readmono 31:6.
Estu fortaj kaj kuraĝaj, ne timu kaj ne tremu antaŭ ili.

Be strong and brave, do not fear and do not tremble before them.

Ŝi ĉiam konsideras la bezonojn de la infanoj antaŭ siaj propraj bezonoj.

She always considers the children’s needs before her own.

Antaŭ nelonge mi ricevis de li poŝtkarton.

Not long ago I received a postcard from him.

1905, L. L. Zamenhof, speech at the first World Congress of Esperanto.
Kaj antaŭ kelke da jaroj mortis tiu persono, al kiu Esperanto ŝuldas multe.

And several years ago that person, to whom Esperanto owes a great deal, passed away.


apud

From Latin apud (“at, by, in the presence of, in the writings of”).

bor

Jones apud Smith means that the original source is Jones, but that the author is relying on Smith for that reference.

Used in scholarly works to cite a reference at second hand

առ

used in scholarly works to cite a reference at second hand


apud

Apud propra domo ŝtelisto ne ŝtelas.

1910, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro Esperanta:

A thief doesn't steal near their own house.

Apud plena manĝotablo ĉiu estas tre afabla.

Next to a full table of food, everyone is very friendly.


apud

Borrowed from Esperanto apud, from Latin apud.

La glaso es apud la krucho.

an

at, on (indicates contiguity, juxtaposition)


apud

Old Occitan: ab

Occitan: ab, amb

Old Catalan: ab

Catalan: ab, amb

Old Francoprovençal: avoi

Franco-Provençal: avoi

Old French: ot, od, ob, of, o, avoc, avoec, avuec

Middle French: avec, avecques

French: avec

Norman: d'ot, aveuc, d'aveuc

Gallo: d'ot, ot

Picard: avuc, aveuc

→ Esperanto: apud

Italian: appo, apo (obsolete)

Seems connected with ob and ad, thus its strict meaning would be “on to”, “unto”.

In prīncipiō erat Verbum et Verbum erat apud Deum et Deus erat Verbum.

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, 1:1:

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was by God, and God was the Word.

at, by, near, among
at the house or residence of; chez

apud Lentulum ponam te in gratia.

68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum V.III.2

libros … natos apud me

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia

[these] books completed in the writings of myself

before, in the presence of, in the writings of, in view of


mal-

mal-mara

mal-idea

definite form of ma’ used before vowels or qamri consonants.


من

ar-prep

مِنْ • (min)

مِنْ (canonical)
min (romanization)
مِنْ (stem)
مِنِّي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مِنَّا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مِنْكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مِنْكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مِنْكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مِنْكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مِنْكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مِنْهُ (masculine singular third-person)
مِنْهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مِنْهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مِنْهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مِنْهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Maltese: minn

From Proto-West Semitic *min. Cognate with Hebrew מִן (min).

أَلَيْسَ مِنْكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَشِيدٌ

Is there not a right-minded man among you?

having partitive effect: of, some of, parts of, one of

تِمْثَالٌ مِنَ الرُّخَامِ

خَاتَمٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ

كُوبٌ مِنَ الْقَهْوَةِ

مَاتَ مِنَ الْعَطَشِ

تَمَكَّنُوا مِنْهُ

مَيَّزَ الْجَيِّدَ مِنَ الرَّدِيءِ

He differentiated/discerned between the good and the bad

عَرَفَ الْحَقَّ مِنَ الْبَاطِلِ

وَٱللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ

wa-llāhu yaʕlamu l-mufsida mina al-muṣliḥi

(used to construe certain verbs)
between; in contrast with

هَلْ فِي ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ شَكٍّ؟

وَمَا تَحْمِلُ مِنْ أُنْثَىٰ وَلَا تَضَعُ إِلَّا بِعِلْمِهِ

wamā taḥmilu min ʔunṯā walā taḍaʕu ʔillā biʕilmihi

هَلْ مِنْ خَالِقٍ غَيْرُ ٱللّٰهِ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ

Is there any creator other than Allah who provides for you from the heaven and earth?

hal min ḵāliqin ḡayru llāhi yarzuqukum mina s-samāʔi wa-l-ʔarḍi


من

min (romanization)
mn (romanization)
mni (romanization)

From Arabic مِن (min, “from, of, than”). Possibly conflated with Arabic مُنْذُ (munḏu, “since, for”) in some senses.

تعبت من الحكي

شفتك من كم يوم

من إيام المدرسة مش حاكيين

We haven't spoken since [our] school days.


من

min (romanization)
من
منّي (first-person singular)
منّا (first-person plural)
منّك (masculine second-person singular)
منّك (feminine second-person singular)
منكم (plural second-person)
منّه (masculine singular third-person)
منها (feminine singular third-person)
منهم (plural third-person)

From Arabic مِن (min, “from, of, than”).


lungo

From Latin longus (“long, extended”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”).


ze

Stej bratš ze sotšu.

They are brother and sister (literally, “brother with sister”)

Alternative form of z (both meanings; used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)


ze

From Middle High German ze, from Old High German zi, from Proto-Germanic *ta, reduced form of *tō, whence Luxembourgish zu and zou.

De Kaffi ass ze waarm fir ze drénken.


ze

Inherited from Old Polish z, from Proto-Slavic *jьz.


banda

From Portuguese banda and Kabuverdianu banda.


banda

Early borrowing from Spanish banda (“band; gang; bank; border; edge; side of a ship”), from French bande, from Old Occitan banda (“regiment of troops”), from Proto-West Germanic *banda or Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰 (bandwa, “sign; inidication; flag”). Similar to etymology 1 but borrowed earlier, shown by the shift in stress.

der

Aalis ako nang bandang alas kuwatro ng hapon.

Banda roon lang nakalagay ang susi.

The keys have been placed just around there.

Dito banda dumaan si Tatay.


seit

From Middle High German sīt, from Old High German sīd, from Proto-Germanic *sīþuz. Akin to Old Saxon sīd, Old English sīþ. Related to Dutch sedert and sinds.

Ich bin seit letzter Woche krank.

Ich bin seit einer Woche krank.


ĉe

From French chez, ultimately from Latin casa (“hut, cottage, cabin”).

Ili memfotis sin ĉe la enirejo de la parko.

They took a selfie at the park's entrance.


pone

From Proto-Italic *pozni, from Proto-Indo-European *pós-ni, from *pós. Related to post.
The accusative probably has the same origin as the accusative of post.


anti

Conversion of the prefix anti- to an adjective.

I do not consider myself either a twitcher or an expert. Neither am I anti twitching.

2000, Bill Oddie, Gripping Yarns, page 21:


anti

Latin: ante

Oscan: 𐌀𐌍𐌕 (ant)


post

One of the most appealing things for me about Barack Obama has always been that he comes post the post-60s generation.

2008, Michael Tomasky, “Obama cannot let the right cast him in that 60s show”, in The Guardian:

Lew reckons he had three options for the cash-cow which was Premier post the Coles sale.

2008, Matthew Stevens, “Lew pressured to reveal what he knows”, in The Australian:

After; especially after a significant event that has long-term ramifications.


post

From earlier poste, from Proto-Italic *posti, from Proto-Indo-European *pósti, from *pós. Related to pōne.
The accusative is from analogy with ante or inherited like Ancient Greek πρός (prós) with the same metaphor.

after, since, (transf.) besides, except (of time)


koska

Proto-Finnic *kos + -ka; equivalent to ko- + -s + -ka; the s-lative singular of ko- (from Proto-Uralic *ku- ~ *ko-) with the interrogative particle -ka. Compare dialectal Erzya [script needed] (kosk), [script needed] (kosko, “when”).

Miks sä oot kotona? Koska kuume.

Synonym of takia (“because of”) (as a calque of English prepositional because)


The symbol resembles an arrowhead pointing upward.

its ^ in d attic luv — It's up in the attic love.

(text messaging) Replacing the letter sequence 'up' within a word.


בן

head

בָּן • (ban)

(poetic or archaic) Form of בְּ־ (b'-) including third-person feminine plural personal pronoun as object.


betwixt

From Middle English bitwixe, from Old English betweox, from Proto-Germanic *twiskaz (“twofold, double”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwís (“twice, doubly; in two”). By surface analysis, be- (“by, near, around”) + twixt (“between”). Compare Saterland Frisian twiske (“between”), Dutch tussen, German zwischen.

surf

There was some speech of marriage / Betwixt myself and her.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

The times have changed in nothing more (we follow as we were wont the manuscript of Peter Pattieson,) than in the rapid conveyance of intelligence and communication betwixt one part of Scotland and another.

1818 July 25, Jedadiah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], “I. Being Introductory.”, in Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, […] (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 13:

When I saw the coffin I knew that I was respited, for, as I judged, there was space between it and the wall behind enough to contain my little carcass; and in a second I had put out the candle, scrambled up the shelves, half-stunned my senses with dashing my head against the roof, and squeezed my body betwixt wall and coffin.

[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:


mid

From Middle English mid, midde, from Old English midd (“mid, middle, midway”), from Proto-West Germanic *midi, from Proto-Germanic *midjaz (“mid, middle”, adjective), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between, in the middle, middle”). Cognate with Dutch midden (“in the middle”), German Mitte (“center, middle, mean”), Icelandic miður (“middle”, adjective), Latin medius (“middle”, noun and adjective). See also middle. The slang sense may be influenced by terms such as middling and midwit.

cog

Mid the best.

mitjà

in linguistics, made with a somewhat elevated position of some part of the tongue relative to the palate


mid

From or representing German mit, and/or perhaps German Low German mid. Although Middle English had a native preposition mid with this same meaning ("with"), it had fallen out of use by the end of the 1300s and survived into the modern English period only in the compounds midwife and theremid.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:mid.

(in representations of German-accented English) With.


mid

From Middle Low German mit, mid, from Old Saxon mid. Cognate with North Frisian mits (“with”), Dutch met (“with”), German mit (“with”). For more, see Middle English mid.


mid

Inherited from Old English mid (“with, in conjunction with, in company with, together with, into the presence of, through, by means of, by, among, in, at (time), in the sight of, opinion of”, preposition), from Proto-West Germanic *midi (“with”).
Cognate with North Frisian mits (“with”), Dutch met (“with”), Low German mit (“with”), German mit (“with”), Danish med (“with”), Icelandic með (“with”), Ancient Greek μετά (metá, “among, between, with”), Albanian me (“with, together”), Sanskrit स्मत् (smat, “together, at the same time”).


mid

Middle English: mid

From Proto-West Germanic *midi. Compare Old Saxon mid, Old High German mit, Old Norse með.

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 29:19

I'd rather give her to you than to someone else. Stay with me!

Lēofre mē is þæt iċ hīe selle þē þonne ōðrum menn. Wuna mid mē!

c. 992, Ælfric, "THE ANNUNCIATION OF ST. MARY."
"God underfeng his cnapan Israhel." Mid þam naman syndon getacnode ealle ða þe Gode gehyrsumiað mid soðre eadmodnysse, þa he underfehð to his werode.

"God hath received his servant Israel." By that name are betokened all those who obey God with true humility, whom he receives into his company.

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Holy Day of Pentecost"
Þa geleaffullan brohton heora feoh, and ledon hit æt ðæra apostola foton. Mid þam is geswutelod þæt cristene men ne sceolon heora hiht besettan on woroldlice gestreon, ac on Gode anum. Se gítsere ðe beset his hiht on his goldhord, he bið swa swa se apostol cwæð, "þam gelíc þe deofolgyld begæð."

The faithful brought their money, and laid it at the feet of the apostles. By this is manifested that christian men should not set their delight in worldly treasure, but in God alone. The covetous who sets his delight in his gold-hoard, is, as the apostle said, "like unto him who practiseth idolatry."

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Mid þam ðe se apostol Iohannes stop into ðære byrig Ephesum, þa bær man him togeanes anre wydewan líc to byrigenne; hire nama wæs Drusiana.

As the apostle John was entering the city of Ephesus, there was borne towards him the corpse of a widow to be buried; her name was Drusiana.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Prayer of Moses (Mid-Lent)"
...ofer ða readan sæ siðodon mid fotum...

...they had journeyed on foot over the Red Sea,...


tré

head

tré (plus dative, triggers lenition, before the definite article trés)


gin

gin night


hinter

+obj

dative (indicating location) accusative (indicating movement)

[with dative (indicating location) or accusative (indicating movement)]

From Old High German hintar, from Proto-Germanic *hinder.


fuori

E come el pavoncino per essere covato esce in vita fuori donde era nell’uovo inchiuso, così l’amore già nell’animo conceputo piglia spirito ed esce in luce e comune notizia fra chi ama

mid-late 1430s, Leon Battista Alberti, “Libro quarto [Fourth book]”, in I libri della famiglia; collected in Cecil Grayson, editor, Leon Battista Alberti - Opere volgari^(https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Opere_volgari_(Alberti)), volume 1, Bari: Gius. Laterza e figli, 1960, page 305:

And, like the peacock hatchling, having been brooded, comes out to life from where it was—enclosed in the egg—so the love already conceived in the soul gains spirit, and comes out as light, and common knowledge among those who love

(literal and figurative) expresses motion away:

out, outside, outwards (towards the outside)

Facilius est ā certāmine abstinēre, quam abdūcere.

late 13ᵗʰ century to 1347 (exact period unknown), “Dei modi d'annullare l'ira al cominciamento [On the ways to nullify rage at its beginning]” (chapter 7), Distinzione trentesima [Thirtieth distinction], in Bartolomeo da San Concordio, transl., Ammaestramenti degli antichi [Teachings of the ancestors], translation of Dē documentīs antīquōrum by the same author (in Medieval Latin), Seneca terzo de ira (section 14); republished, Milan: Società tipografica de' Classici Italiani, 1808, page 244:

It is easier to abstain from battle than to get out of it.

Fuor tutti nostri lidi,
ne l’isole famose di Fortuna,
due fonti à: chi de l’una
bee, mor ridendo; et chi de l’altra, scampa.

1336–1374, Francesco Petrarca, “CXXXV — Qual piú diversa et nova”, in Il Canzoniere, lines 76–79; republished as Daniele Ponchiroli, editor, Turin: publ. Giulio Einaudi, 1964:

Away from all of our shores, on the renowned Lucky Islands, there are two springs: whoever drinks from the first one dies laughing; and whoever drinks of the other one, escapes.

expresses motion away:
outside (in the outer part)


athwart

From Late Middle English athwert, athirt, from a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwert (“crosswise; (cooking) across the grain”, adverb). Thwert is derived from thwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate, stubborn”, adjective), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”). The English word is analysable as a- (prefix meaning ‘in the direction of, toward’) + thwart (“placed or situated across something else”).
cognates
* Scots athort (“athwart”)

prefix

The stars moved slowly athwart the sky.

Knit vvith a golden bauldricke, vvhich forelay / Athvvart her ſnovvy breſt, and did diuide / Her daintie paps; […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 29, page 226:

Did neuer Sonnet for her ſake compile, / Nor neuer lay his vvreathed armes athvvart / His louing boſome, to keepe dovvne his hart.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), W. Shakespere [i.e., William Shakespeare], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC; republished as Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

Ye knovv the ſpheres and various taſks aſſign'd / By lavvs eternal to th' aërial kind. / […] / Some leſs refin'd, beneath the moon's pale light / Purſue the ſtars that ſhoot athvvart the night, […]

1736, Alexander Pope, “The Rape of the Lock […]”, in The Works of Alexander Pope Esq. […], volume I, London: […] J[ohn] and P[aul] Knapton, H. Lintot, J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, and S. Draper, published 1751, →OCLC, canto II, page 142, lines 75–76 and 81–82:

But oh that deep romantic chasm which slanted / Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover! / A savage place! as holy and inchanted / As e'er beneath a waning moon was haunted / By woman wailing for her demon-lover!

1797, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Kubla Khan: Or A Vision in a Dream”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, page 56:

At eve the beetle boometh / Athwart the thicket lone.

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “Claribel. A Melody.”, in Poems. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 3:

Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:

From one side to the other side of; across.

بِعَرْض

from one side to the other side of — see also across

For here our ſouls hath but one eye (the Apoſtle ſaith, vve knovv in part) be not proud if that chance to come athvvart thy ſeeing ſide, vvhich meets with the blind ſide of another.

1642, Thomas Fuller, “The True Church Antiquary”, in The Holy State, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel for John Williams, […], →OCLC, book II, paragraph 5, page 71:

O Years! the blest preeminence of Saints! / Ye sweep athwart my gaze, so heavenly-bright, […]

1794 December 24 (date written), S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Religious Musings. A Desultory Poem, Written on the Christmas Eve of 1794.”, in Poems, […], 2nd edition, London: […] N. Briggs, for J[oseph] Cottle, […], and Messrs. Robinsons, […], published 1797, →OCLC, page 145, lines 383–384:

Across the course or path of, so as to meet; hence (figuratively), to the attention of.

tielle

across the course or path of, so as to meet; (figuratively) to the attention of

VVhence and vvhat art thou, execrable ſhape, / That dar'ſt, though grim and terrible, advance / Thy miſcreated Front athvvart my vvay / To yonder Gates?

1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 681–684:

Lookée, you lubberly ſon of a vv——e, if you come athvvart me, 'vvare your ginger-bread-vvork.

1748, [Tobias Smollett], chapter III, in The Adventures of Roderick Random. […], volume I, London: […] [William Strahan] for J[ohn] Osborn […], →OCLC, page 14:

It is the voice of human experience within us, judging and condemning all gods that stand athwart the pathway along which it feels itself to be advancing.

1902, William James, “Lectures XIV and XV: The Value of Saintliness”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 330:

The new fashions were perforce addressed to the more prosperous young: the children of Europe’s white middle-class, who could afford records, concerts, shoes, clothes, make-up and modish hair-styling. But the presentation of these wares cut ostentatiously athwart conventional lines.

2005, Tony Judt, “The Spectre of Revolution”, in Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945, New York, N.Y.: The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 395:

Across the course or path of, so as to oppose.

tielle

across the path or course of, so as to oppose

And novv, athvvart the Terrors that thy Vovv / Has planted round thee, thou appear'ſt more fair, / More amiable, and riſeſt in thy Charms.

1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act III, scene i, page 37:

About three in the Afternoon he came up vvith us, and bringing too by Miſtake, juſt athvvart our Quarter, inſtead of athvvart our Stern, as he intended, vve brought 8 of our Guns to bear on that Side, and pour'd in a Broadſide upon him, vvhich made him ſheer off again, after returning our Fire, and pouring in alſo his ſmall Shot from near 200 Men vvhich he had on Board.

1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 19:

And should the moon happen to hit its ever-shifting orbital perigee at the same time that it lies athwart from the sun, we are treated to a so-called supermoon, a full moon that can seem close enough to embrace – as much as 12 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than the average full moon.

2014 September 7, Natalie Angier, “The Moon comes around again [print version: Revisiting a moon that still has secrets to reveal: Supermoon revives interest in its violent origins and hidden face, International New York Times, 10 September 2014, page 8]”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-22:

I have ſeen this preſent vvork, and finde nothing athvvart the Catholick faith and good manners: […]

1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 8:

[S]he, athwart many impediments, An ardent rider, often on horseback, at paces furiously swift; her beautiful face tanned by the weather. Very devout too; honest to be bone, athwart all her prejudices.

1862, Thomas Carlyle, “Carnival Phenomena in War-time”, in History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, volume III, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book XIV, pages 645–646:

The damaged mainmast fell athwart the deck, destroying the ship’s boat.

[H]e [a boat] come right athwart the steamer's bows and she cut him in two.

1864 May – 1865 November, Charles Dickens, “The Same Respected Friend in More Aspects than One”, in Our Mutual Friend. […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1865, →OCLC, book the third (A Long Lane), page 19:

(nautical) Across the line of a ship's course, or across its deck.

poikittain

across the line of a ship’s course, or across its deck


minus

From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).

Seven minus two is five.

(mathematics) Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity).

I walked out minus my coat.


minus

Tri minus du estas unu.

Ni povas principe eliri aŭ de la nominativa formo (finaĵo nul aŭ -s) aŭ de la genitiva formo (minus la finaĵo -os); […]

‘La universala estas la loka minus la muroj,’ diris Marteno.

2008, Christian Declerck, Spitaj – kiel hidrargo, Antwerp: Flandra Esperanto-Ligo, →ISBN, page 85:


minus

Tre minus två är ett.


sur

Inherited from Middle French sur, from Old French sur, seur, sor, soure, souvre, sovre (“on, upon, over”), from Latin super (“over, on, above”), from *eks-uper, from *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”) (Latin ex) and *upér (“above”), from *upo. Doublet of super, a borrowing. Cognate with Old English ofer (“over, above”). More at over.

sept sur dix

sur Paris


sur

sur un tavolo

(archaic) Alternative form of su used before words beginning with u (especially indefinite articles)


heb

hebof (first-person singular)
hebom (first-person plural)
hebot (second-person singular)
heboch (plural second-person)
hebddo m (singular third-person)
hebddi f (singular third-person)
hebddyn (plural third-person)
hebddo i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
hebdda i (first-person singular)
hebddon ni (first-person plural)
hebddot ti (second-person singular)
hebdda ti (second-person singular)
hebddoch chi (plural second-person)
hebddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
hebddi hi f (singular third-person)
hebddyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh heb, from Old Welsh hep, from Proto-Brythonic *heb, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷo- (compare Old Irish sech), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”).

Wyt ti'n cymryd te heb siwgr?

Dw i heb gysgu.

(with a verbal noun) used to form negative perfect aspect

llythyr heb ei agor

(literally, “a letter without its opening”)

(with a possessive pronoun and verbal noun) used to form negative participle; un- -ed


heb

Old Breton: ep

Middle Breton: hep

Cornish: heb

Old Welsh: hep

Middle Welsh: heb

Welsh: heb

From Proto-Celtic *sekʷo-. Cognate with Old Irish sech.


WRT

就……而言

abbreviated forms of prepositions denoting with respect to

关于

abbreviated forms of prepositions denoting with regard to

with reference to
with reference to#English


nasa

Possibly from na- + sa. See also Cebuano naa.

marks the location of something; (to be) in, on, at


au-delà

Les deux cercles polaires sont les parallèles des régions polaires au-delà desquels il existe au moins une journée où le Soleil ne se lève pas en hiver, et ne se couche pas en été.

The two polar circles are the parallel lines of the polar regions beyond which there is at least one day when the sun does not rise in winter, and does not set in summer.

Au-delà des fourbes apparences, derrière nos loups de circonstance, sous nos masques cousus d’espérance, se cachent les fêlures de l’enfance.

Beyond deceitful appearances, behind our circumstantial wolves, under our masks sewn with hope, hide the cracks of childhood.


on top of

There's a house on top of the mountain.

Living on top of one another in a refugee camp is stressful.

At peak times, a telephone operator must handle a number of calls, one on top of the next.

Very close to, in any orientation or in time.

[…] and on top of all that, I got a puncture!

No Ammonite or Moabite is to enter the congregation of GOD, even to the tenth generation, nor any of his children, ever. Those nations didn’t treat you with hospitality on your travels out of Egypt, and on top of that they also hired Balaam son of Beor from Pethor in Mesopotamia to curse you.

2018, “Deuteronomy 23”, in Eugene H. Peterson, transl., The Message Deluxe Gift Bible, Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN, page 195:

(idiomatic) In addition to something else.

I have sorted out the problems and am now on top of the situation.

You will need to get on top of your nutrition in addition to training for washboard abs.

(idiomatic) Fully informed about, and in control of, something; up to speed with.


on behalf of

On behalf of all those present, may I thank you for a well-executed presentation.


considering

/kənˈsɪdəɹɪŋ/

Considering the extent of his crimes, he was given a surprisingly short sentence.


dopo

Vediamo il ristorante dopo un chilometro.

We see the restaurant after a kilometer.


dopo

From Early Venetian da(s)pò~dapoi~daspuò, from Vulgar Latin dē post. The modern form no doubt reflects influence from Italian dopo.


thwart

Middle English Dictionary
Oxford English Dictionary

The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweraną (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).
The English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer; also Proto-West Germanic *þwerh,
The adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.
The verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.
Noun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.


owing to

I gave up my job as a typist owing to repetitive strain injury.

It’s all owing to your precious caution that they got hold of it. If you had let me burn it, and taken my word that it was gone, it would have been a heap of ashes behind the fire, instead of being whole and sound, inside of my great-coat.

1839, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby:

Owing to the TB I connected breathing with joy, and owing to the gloom of the ward I connected joy with light, and owing to my irrationality I related light on the walls to light inside me.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 62:

"Owing to the ongoing conflict, all rail services are subject to change on a short notice," warns the European Rail Timetable at the end of its short entry on the general state of Ukraine's railways.

2024 September 4, Vitali Vitaliev, “A salute to Ukraine's 'Second Army'”, in RAIL, number 1017, page 49:


desde

From Old Galician-Portuguese des (“since”) + de (“of”).

Algu que está bastanti claro históricamenti é que o riu Ellas, en esta nossa Transerra, foi desde os principios da Reconquista fronteira practicamente inamuvibli entre o incipienti Portogal i o reinu de León i Castilla-león dispois.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 4: As Ordinis Militaris:

Something which is quite clear historically is that the Eljas river, in our Transerra, has been since the beginning of the Reconquista a practically immovable border between the incipient Portugal and the kingdom of Leon and later Castille-Leon.


desde

[ˈd̪ez̺.ð̞ɪ]

From Old Galician-Portuguese des (“since”) + de (“of”), the first element from Late Latin dē ex.


desde

desde o dia 17 de abril

desde então

desde logo

desde que

não disse nada desde que chegou

she hasn't said anything since she arrived

percorremos tudo, desde o norte até o sul

we traveled everywhere, from north to south


desde

From older des + de, the former from Late Latin dē ex. Displaced Latin deinde, which would have yielded dende.

desde que murió

Empieza desde la línea 20.

And you hear me from afar, and my voice does not reach you:

Pablo Neruda, "Me gustas cuando callas" Y me oyes desde lejos, y mi voz no te alcanza

televisores desde $200

starting at (a quantity, such as a price)


seid

From Middle High German sīt, from Old High German sīd, from Proto-Germanic *sīþuz. Akin to Old Saxon sīd, Old English sīþ.

I bin seid da letztn Wochn krånk.

I bin seid oaner Wochn krånk.


anke

in spite of, moreover, adding to that, nevertheless


uzar

German: außer


knowing

Knowing you, you would try not to be late for school.

Given my knowledge about someone or something.


wanting

From Middle English wantyng, wantynge, wantand, equivalent to want + -ing.


ri

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di.


ri

head

ri (+ dative, no mutation, before the definite article ris)

rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
rithe (feminine singular third-person)
rithese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
rinn (first-person plural)
rinne (emphatic first-person plural)
ribh (plural second-person)
ribhse (emphatic plural second-person)
riutha (plural third-person)
riuthasan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Middle Irish fri (“towards, against”), from Old Irish fri. Cognates include Irish fré and Manx rish.

ris a' ghaoith

chaidh iad ris an leathad

Tha Seòras cho righinn ri ròn.

(literally "George is as tough as a seal.")

Bha a' chlann sin ri mì-mhodh.

Bha i an urra ris an losgadh anns a' Chròthais beagan bhliadhnachan an dèidh cogadh Iugoslabhach.

She was responsible for the shooting in Croatia a few years after the Yugoslav War.

Used with a noun or verbal noun to express up to or involved in


plein

Inherited from Old French plein, from Latin plēnus, from Proto-Italic *plēnos, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”). Compare Catalan ple; Italian pieno; Portuguese cheio; Romanian plin; Sardinian prenu; Spanish lleno; English plene.

Avoir du vin plein sa cave.

J’ai de l’argent plein mes poches.

(somewhat colloquial) in; all over; filling


fino

From some such adjectival form as Vulgar Latin *fīnus, from Latin fīnis (“a boundary, limit”), whence Italian fine. The prepositional usage is directly paralleled in Latin fīne, fīnī (“up to, as far as”).


spod

Univerbation of z + pod. Doublet of spód.


segun

From Spanish según, from Latin secundum.


segun

Borrowed from Spanish según. Also found in Italian secondo.

Segun vua deskripto.

Traktar ulu segun lua merito.

To treat someone in conformity with their merit.

Evangelio segun St. Ioannes.

according to, agreeably to, in conformity with; pursuant to, after


segun

Borrowed from Spanish según (“according to”).


dop

L'automobilo esas dop la parieto.


roto

From Proto-Polynesian *loto (Compare Hawaiian loko, Tahitian roto, Tongan loto).


il y a

Je l’ai vu il y a longtemps.

Elle est allée en France il y a deux ans.

C’est il y a dix ans que je suis allé aux États-Unis.

It was ten years ago that I went to the United States.


ب

بِـ (canonical)
bi- (romanization)
بِـ (stem)
بِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
بِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Ultimately Proto-Semitic *bV- (“with, in, at, among”) with likely interrelation with Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“site, location; nest, house”); cognates with Ugaritic 𐎁 (b), Aramaic ב־, Classical Syriac ܒ-, Hebrew בְּ־ (bə-), Ge'ez በ (bä) and Egyptian bw.

inh

طَرَقْتُ الْمِسْمَارَ بِمِطْرَقَةٍ

رَماهُم بِٱلْحِجَارَةِ

denotes an instrument or tool, with, by (a means)

هُوَ يَتَقَوَّى بِهِ

Coordinate term: (post-Classical) بِوَاسِطَة (biwāsiṭa, denotes the agent of passive forms)

قَهْوةٌ بِٱلْحَلِيبِ

denotes accompaniment
with (a component)

بِسُرُورٍ

بِٱمْتِيازٍ

denotes accompaniment
with (a quality); in (a state)

Coordinate term: مَعَ (maʕa)

مَرْبُوطٌ بِشَجَرَةٍ

لَا عَلاقةَ لَهُ بِٱلْمَوْضُوعِ

denotes proximity, with, to, next to, at (touching on, connected with, concerning)

بِٱلْأَرْضِ

بِٱلقَرْيةِ

بِٱلْمَكْتَبَةِ

بِٱلْمَكْتَبِ

denotes inclusion, surrounding, or location, within (a place); in; on; at

اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِأَلْفِ رِيَالٍ.

denotes requital, giving or doing in return; for

هُوَ لَيْسَ بِشَاهِدٍ وَلَا بِقَارِئٍ.

He is not one who witnessed [it] or read [it].

marks the predicate of a negative copula


ب

Probably from a shortened form of Arabic بَغْيْ (baḡy, “to want”).

بِيِتْكَلَّم

-ing (prefix indicating the present continuous tense)


ب

بِالْمِطْرَقة


ب

بخرد

intelligent (literally, “with intelligence”)


ب

b (romanization)
بي (first-person singular)
بينا (first-person plural)
بيك (second-person singular)
بيكم (plural second-person)
بيه (masculine singular third-person)
بيها (feminine singular third-person)
بيهم (plural third-person)

نحب قهوة بالحليب

ترعش بالخوف


nad

Inherited from Old Czech nad, from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.


nad

denotes location; above, over [with instrumental]


nad

Czech: nad

denotes movement; to over, to above [with accusative]

denotes movement; to under, to below [with accusative]

denotes subject of an attack etc.. [with accusative]

denotes a higher position in comparisons; above [with accusative]

denotes larger amount; above, more than [with accusative or instrumental]

denotes first degree of comparisons; more than [with accusative or instrumental]

with a reduplicated noun, expresses superlative nature; of [with accusative]

denotes additionality or excess; in addition to [with accusative]

denotes a manner contrary to something else. [with accusative]

denotes position in a hierarchy; above, over [with instrumental]

denotes vessel through which divine action is taken; through [with instrumental]

denotes target of an action aimed at [with instrumental]

denotes subject of power; over, above [with instrumental]

denotes subject of emotion; over [with instrumental]

denotes contradiction; despite [with instrumental]


nad

Polish: nad

Silesian: nad

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ. First attested in the 14th century.

denotes location; near, close to [with instrumental]

denotes time; just before [with instrumental]

denotes cause; because of [with instrumental]

denotes position in comparison; over, more than [with instrumental or accusative]

with a reduplicated noun, expresses superlative nature; of [with instrumental]

denotes subject of power; above [with instrumental]

denotes subject of someones thoughts or actions in relation to, vis-a-vis [with instrumental]

denotes motion; to above, to over [with accusative]


nad

Nad biurkiem wisi piękny obraz.

Above the desk hangs a beautiful painting.

denotes location; above, over [with instrumental]

Mieszkają w dużym domu nad morzem.

Opole leży nad Odrą.

denotes location, particularly in relation to a body of water; on, by [with instrumental]

Podnieś ręce nad głowę!

W niedzielę jedziemy nad jezioro.

denotes movement, particularly in relation to a body of water; to [with accusative]

(literary) denotes position in comparison; than; over [with accusative]

Nauczyciel umiejętnie panuje nad klasą.

The teacher skillfully keeps control over the class.

over (indicates relative status, authority or power) [with instrumental]

Kocham to nad życie.

I love it to death/more than life itself/more than anything in the world.

(literary) denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state;

Pracuję nad scenariuszem do nowego filmu.

denotes subject of activities; on [with instrumental]

Oj, marzy mi się pizza nad pizzami!

Oh, I dream of the greatest of all pizzas!

Zawisza Czarny, rycerz nad rycerzami, zginął po wzięciu do tureckiej niewoli.

Zawisza Czarny, a knight of the knights, was killed after being captured by the Turks.

+obj

with a reduplicated noun, expresses superlative nature; the greatest of all, of [with instrumental or (stylized) accusative]


nad

nam (first-person possessive singular)
nar (first-person plural possessive)
nad (possessive second-person singular)
nur (plural possessive second-person)
nam^(N 1)) (masculine plural possessive third-person)
nam^(N 1)) (feminine plural possessive third-person)


nad

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ. Compare na (“on, onto”), nad-, nat-.

nad stolom

vlast nad nekim

heroj nad herojima

over, above (with no change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ) [with instrumental]

Nagnuo se nad vodu.

over, above (usually with change of position, answering the question kùda) [with accusative]


nad

Coordinate term: pod

Coordinate term: pod

denotes movement; to above, to over [with accusative]

denotes position close to water; by [with instrumental]

denotes movement close to water; to [with accusative]

denotes object of certain actions. [with instrumental]

denotes proximity of a time; around [with instrumental]

denotes object most affceted by something. [with accusative]

with a reduplicated noun, expresses superlative nature; of [with instrumental]


nad

over, above (stationary) [with instrumental]

over, above (motion towards) [with accusative]


nad

denotes motion; to above, to over [with accusative]

denotes movement, particularly in relation to a body of water; to [with accusative]

denotes location; above, over [with instrumental]

denotes location, particularly in relation to a body of water; on, by [with instrumental]

denotes extension past something; above, beyond [with instrumental]

over (indicates relative status, authority or power) [with instrumental]


thru

American English
Merriam-Webster
Middle English

Modern use originated in American English as a phonetic and simplified spelling of through around 1839. The spelling had previously been one of several used in Middle English.

We wanted an overall treatment system that gave us optimum reliability and required a minimum of labor to operate - from primary clarifier thru sludge handling, …

1996 December, Joe Hastreiter, “Sludge Management Savings Found Among Reeds”, in Water Engineering & Management, volume 143, number 12, Scranton Gillette Communications, page 23:

… to respect human rights, then failing to explicitly define thru common understanding.

2003, Hasson Kevin J., “Religious Liberty and Human Dignity: A Tale of Two Declarations”, in Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, volume 27, number 1, Harvard, pages 81–92:

As the technology improves, there is a possibility to reprogram adult stem cells for therapeutic cloning without "passing it thru" the preimplantation embryo, thus negating current ethical challenges to such research.

2004 December 22, Fredericks, Marcel / Odiet, Jeff A. / Miller, Steven I. / Fredericks, Janet, “Toward an Understanding of "Genetic Sociology" and Its Relationships to Medical Sociology and Medical Genetics in the Educational Enterprise.”, in Education, volume 125, number 2, Project Innovation, Inc., →ISSN, pages 222–235:

Going thru a great crisis of self-analysis, especially in relation to job, school, work, students.

2006 December,, Roxanne Mills, “Leadership in Higher Education and the Second Half of Life”, in Education, volume 127, number 2, Project Innovation, Inc., →ISSN, pages 294–302:

Myths and Legends of the Pimas of Arizona as received by J. William Lloyd from Comalk-Hawk-Kih (Thin Buckskin) thru the interpretation of Edward Hubert Wood.

2010 January, David Martinez, “Pulling Down the Clouds: The O'odham Intellectual Tradition during the "Time of Famine"”, in American Indian Quarterly, volume 34, number 1, University of Nebraska Press, →ISSN, pages 1–32:

If you see thru my eyes, you'd wish you weren't here, because all you will feel sadness and fear. It loneliness and sorrow if you see thru my eyes sit and talk to before you say goodbye. […] See thru my eyes and a tear you will see, I wish you could cry and cry with me.

2011, Fancine N. D'Aprile, From Hell on Earth to the Foot of the Cross, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 157:

(Canada, US, informal) Nonstandard spelling of through.

(chiefly Canada, US) Abbreviation of through.

(UK, rare, regional or dialectal) Eye dialect spelling of through.


runt

around; following a path which curves near an object

Jag kommer runt tre.


bile

Possibly derived from *bīr (“1, one”). Also akin to *birge and *birče with similar meaning.


aan

From Dutch aan, from Middle Dutch āne, from Old Dutch ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana.

at, against, for, in, by, near, next to, on


aan

From Middle High German an, from Old High German ana.

am

with the masculine and neuter dative of the definite article


aan

From Middle High German an, ane, from Old High German ana, from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, onto”). Cognate with German an, English on.

(+ dative) on; For stationary objects, e.g. It is on the table.

(+ accusative) on, onto; For moving objects, e.g. I put it on the table.


aan

aan (prepositional)
aan (adverb postpositional)
eraan
hieraan
daaraan
waaraan
ergens aan
nergens aan
overal aan

Afrikaans: aan

Jersey Dutch: ân

Negerhollands: aan, an

Skepi Creole Dutch: an

From Middle Dutch āne, from Old Dutch ana, from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana.

Het schilderij hangt aan de muur.

on (positioned at the outer surface of; attached to)

aan tafel

aan de kust

een huis aan de hoofdweg

at, on (near; adjacent to; alongside; just off)

Ik heb de rest van het geld aan mijn moeder gegeven.

I gave the rest of the money to my mother.

to, indicates the target or recipient of an action

Hij is gisteren overleden aan een hartaanval.

Ik snap niet wat daar zo grappig aan is.

I don't understand what's so funny about that.

Het is nu aan jou.

Ik zit aan mijn limiet.

Ik ben aan het werk.

Hij zit aan de drugs.

Wij gaan nu aan de thee.

(with a definite noun) using, abusing, currently occupied with

(dated, proscribed, Limburg) at, for, denotes a price

aan tweeën

[…] schipper P. van Es heeft een mijn in de garnalenkor gevischt. Na het net aan tweeën gesneden te hebben, heeft hij de mijn voor de haven van Stellendam gesleept, waar ze door personeel van het bewakingsvaartuig „Albatros" uit het net is gehaald.

1917 April 25, “GEMENGD NIEUWS”, in Ons Noorden, Groningen, page 2:

[…] skipper P. van Es has fished a mine in the shrimp net. After cutting the net in two, he dragged the mine to the port of Stellendam, where it was removed from the net by personnel of the guard vessel "Albatros".

(obsolete) in, into, followed by an inflected numeral to indicate that something has been split into so many pieces


aan

From Middle High German ane, from Old High German ana.

Das Bild hengd aan de Wand.

Aam Montach hod-s gerehnd.

Ich henge das Bild aan die Wand.

Ich setze mich aan de Disch.


twixt

From Middle English twyx + -t (excrescent ending).

O! thou thrice happy Shire, confined so to bee
Twixt two so famous Floods, as Mersey is, and Dee.

1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 11 p. 172:

I then took a strait That gave myself, and some few more, receipt 'Twixt Scylla and Charybdis.

1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

From all the dangers he foresees or fears; Yet every hour 'twixt Scylla and Charybdis steers.

c. 1700, John Pomfret, Upon the Divine Attributes:

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip


whiz

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


dum

Mi estos en Usono dum du jaroj.


dum

Il esis absenta dum tri yari.


neben

From Old High German in ebanī. Cognate with Dutch neven.

Das Sofa gehört neben den Tisch.

Das Sofa steht neben dem Tisch.

next to, beside, alongside, adjacent to, near, near to

in addition to, besides, alongside, apart from, aside from, among, amongst, on top of


in spite of

No evening I had passed at Bly had the portentous quality of this one; in spite of which—and in spite also of the deeper depths of consternation that had opened beneath my feet—there was literally, in the ebbing actual, an extraordinarily sweet sadness.

1898, Henry James, The Turn of the Screw, Courier Dover Publications, published 1991, →ISBN, page 72:

(idiomatic) Despite, irrespective of, notwithstanding.


min

→ Papiamentu: men

From Middle Dutch min, from Old Dutch min.


min

From Old Norse með, with a change from ð > n.


min

East Semitic:

desc

Eblaite: [script needed] (min, “in”), [script needed] (minu, “from”)

West Semitic:

Central Semitic:

q

extended form <i class="Arab mention" lang="ar">مِنَ</i> (mina)

Arabic: مِن (min) (extended form مِنَ (mina))

Northwest Semitic:

Aramaic: מִן (min)

Classical Syriac: ܡܺܢ (min)

Canaanite:

Hebrew: מִן (min)

Phoenician: 𐤌𐤍 (mn), 𐤌- (m-)

Punic: 𐤌𐤍 (mn), 𐤌- (m-), my-

Old South Arabian:

Sabaean: 𐩣𐩬 (mn) (only in inscriptions ascribed to Haram)

Safaitic: 𐪃𐪌 (mn /min/), also 𐪃- (m- /mi (with following assimilation?)/)

Ethiopian Semitic:

Ge'ez: እም (ʾəm), እምነ (ʾəmmənä) (irregular development)

Tigre: ምን (mən)

Amharic: ምን (mən)


fora

Inherited from Latin forās (“outside”) (compare Occitan fòra, French hors, Spanish fuera), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door; gate”).


fora

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(archaic, literary) Alternative form of fuori

Or che di là dal mal fiume dimora,
più muover non mi può, per quella legge
che fatta fu quando me n’usci’ fora.

1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory], line 90; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

Now that she [Marcia] dwells beyond the wicked river, she can no longer move me, by that law which was made when I came out of there.

out, outside, outwards (towards the outside)


fora

Middle Low German: vor, vore

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: vóar, bóar (Mezzaselva)

Mòcheno: vour

Central Franconian: vür

German: vor

From Proto-West Germanic *forē, whence also Old English fore.


fora

desc

German Low German: för, vär, veer, ver (Low Prussian), vör, vœr

From Proto-West Germanic *forē, whence also Old English fore; from Proto-Germanic *furai.


fora

From Old Galician-Portuguese fora, from Latin forās (“outside”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door; gate”).

Todos leram o livro, fora o João.


ya

wa (singular)
ba (plural)
mwa (class-3 singular)
mya (class-4 plural)
lya (za) (class-5 singular)
ma (class-6 plural)
ya (class-7 singular)
bya (class-8 plural)
ya (class-9 singular)
ya (class-10 plural)
la (class-11 singular)
lwa (class-11 singular)
bwa (class-14 singular)


vor

Edgar: Ch'ill pick your teeth, zir: come; no matter vor your foins.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

I zays enough to make thee grin: / Thee doesn't look vor much good out o'n.

1853, May 20, anonymous author, “Self-sustenance; or, the Lost Pet”, in Punch, page 209:


vor

+obj

[with dative (indicating location) or accusative (indicating movement)]

From Middle High German vore, vor, from Old High German fora. Cognate with Dutch voor. Compare English fore.

in front of, ahead of (relative location in space)

before, prior to, ahead of (relative location in time)

vor drei Tagen

vor einiger Zeit

ago (location in the past relative to the present)

Er konnte vor dem Tsunami nicht mehr fliehen.

Du hast mich vorm Ertrinken gerettet.

vor Verlusten schützen

sich vor jemandem verstecken

from, against (a threat or negative outcome)

vor Freude weinen

Ich sterbe vor Durst.

Ich kann dich vor all dem Rauch gar nicht sehen.

I can't even see you, what with all the smoke.

Vor lauter Angst traute sich keiner im Raum mehr zu atmen.

Nobody in the room dared to breathe out of sheer fright.


vor

From Middle English for, from Old English for, from Proto-West Germanic *furi.


ro

romham (first-person singular)
romhamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
romhad (second-person singular)
romhadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
roimhe (masculine singular third-person)
roimhesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
roimhpe (feminine singular third-person)
roimhpese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
romhainn (first-person plural)
romhainne (emphatic first-person plural)
romhaibh (plural second-person)
romhaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
romhpa (plural third-person)
romhpasan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish ré. Cognates include Irish roimh.

Thigibh ro chòig uairean.


junto

Inherited from Latin iūnctus (“joined, united”).

inh+

El perro está jugando junto al gato.

along with, together with, alongside (+ con)


entre

Inherited from Latin inter, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁enter (“between”). First attested in the 12th century.

Entre el 1945 i el 1975, a mesura que es van guanyar les lluites per la independència a l’Àfrica i l’Àsia, la xifra de membres de les Nacions Unides va passar de 51 països a 144.

2020 August 8, Adom Getachew, “El colonialisme va fer el món modern: refem-lo [Colonialism made the modern world: let's remake it]”, in Ara:

Between 1945 and 1975, as the fights for independence in Africa and Asia were being won, the number of United Nations members when from 51 countries to 144.


entre

From Old Galician-Portuguese entre, from Latin inter (“between”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁enter (“between”).

As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:

The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, Fala is yet another treasure among them.

Pero, ademais, esta lengua materna sirvi de meiu de cumunicación entre paisanus do mismu lugal o de cualquera dos tres, […]

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 3: Radós:

But, furthermore, this mother tongue serves as a communication medium between countrymen from the same place or each of the three, […]

Algu que está bastanti claro históricamenti é que o riu Ellas, en esta nossa Transerra, foi desde os principios da Reconquista fronteira practicamente inamuvibli entre o incipienti Portogal i o reinu de León i Castilla-león dispois.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 4: As Ordinis Militaris:

Something which is quite clear historically is that the Eljas river, in our Transerra, has been since the beginning of the Reconquista a practically immovable border between the incipient Portugal and the kingdom of Leon and later Castille-Leon.

between (in the separating position or interval)


entre

Inherited from Middle French entre, from Old French entre, inherited from Latin inter, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁enter (“between”).
Doublet of inter-, a borrowing.


entre

Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico

From Old Galician-Portuguese entre, from Latin inter.
The alternative form ontre, rare in Old Portuguese proper but well attested in Old Galician (Cantigas de Santa Maria), and rendered as unter in local Medieval Latin, derives probably from Suevic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *under: compare Old High German unter (“among, between”).


entre

lad-prep

entre (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling אינטרי)


entre

French: entre


entre

From Old French entre, from Latin inter.


entre

From Old Occitan entre, from Latin inter.


entre

Middle French: entre
French: entre


entre

Fala: entre

Galician: entre

Portuguese: entre

Inherited from Latin inter. The alternative form ontre was influenced perhaps by Suevic: compare Old High German unter (“among, between”).

E disse: «Esta é a madeira certeira,
 e, demais, non na dei eu a vós si[n]lheira;
e, pois que s’en compasso á de meter,
atan longa deve toda [a] seer
per antr’as pernas da [e]scaleira.

(Can we date this quote?), Afonso X, Joan Rodriguiz foi esmar a Balteira:

And he said: "This is the right wood,
 and besides, it doesn't fly. I gave it to you alone;
 and since it has to be put in steadily,
as long as it is it must fit between the legs of the ladder."

ontre

more frequent in Portugal and Galicia, respectivelly


entre

Occitan: entre


entre

From Old Galician-Portuguese entre, from Latin inter (“between; among”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁enter (“between”).

among (denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects)

between (intermediate in quantity or degree)


entre

Inherited from Latin inter, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁enter (“between”).

Entre tú y yo...

Los estudiantes pueden elegir entre una amplia gama de clases.

Students may choose from a wide range of classes.

Diez entre cinco son dos.


selon

Inherited from Old French selunc, selonc, from earlier solonc, sulonc, sulunc, probably from a Vulgar Latin *sublungum, from Latin sub + longum, possibly a calque of Frankish *galang (“according, depending, relating to”). Alternatively from a supposed Old French *seon, an old form of segun, son (“in accordance with”) (itself from Latin secundum; compare Old Occitan segon), later crossed with long, lonc.

calque

Selon plusieurs témoins, il est parti tout de suite.

According to several witnesses, he left right away.

Les enfants sont séparés en plusieurs groupes, selon leur âge.

The children are separated into several groups, according to their age.

Les études psychologiques ont essayé d’évaluer les critères selon lesquels on juge de la beauté d’une personne, et plus précisément, sur ce qui rendait un individu « attractif ».

Psychological studies have tried to evaluate the criteria according to which one judges a person's beauty and, more precisely, what makes an individual "attractive."

according to; whichever applies; depending on


notwithstanding

From Middle English notwithstandinge, notwithstondyng, natwithstandyng, equivalent to not + withstanding. Compare Middle English notgainstonding, not aȝenstondynge, of similar meaning and formation.

notwithstanding personal preferences, the school district's rules on the topic govern our decision

Those on whom Christ bestowed miraculous cures were so transported that their gratitude made them, notwithstanding his prohibition, proclaim the wonders he had done.

1675, Richard Allestree, The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety:

Notwithstanding the high resolution of Hawkeye he fully comprehended all the difficulties and danger he was about to incur.

1826, James Fenimore Cooper, chapter 26, in The Last of the Mohicans:

in accordance with school district rules on the topic, personal preferences notwithstanding

Van Gaal’s dismissal of his ability to play a central role notwithstanding, Shinji Kagawa began playing just behind the strikers Danny Welbeck and Javier Hernández.

2014 August 26, Richard Rae, “Manchester United humbled by MK Dons after Will Grigg hits double”, in The Guardian:

And be it declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid, that an Habeas Corpus, according to the true intent and meaning of this act, may be directed and seen in any county Palatine, the Cinque Ports, or other privileged places within the Kindgom of England, dominion of Wales, or town of Berwick upon Tweed, and the islands of Jersey and Guernsey; any law or usage to the contrary notwithstanding.

(used postpositively) In spite of, despite.


prez

Na koju godi stran sobom obratiše,
sela, grade i stan prez boja dobiše.

Sebi, svomu rodu, jer nima razuma,
Sramotu i škodu učini prez uma.

1584, Brne Karnarutić, Vazetje Sigeta grada:

Možeš zovnut i ženskoga uha,
jer je prez njih pir i gozba gluha,

1762, Matija Antun Relković, Satir iliti divji čovik:

Sneg pada i sva je ravnica bela,
vela ravnica prez kraja,

early 20C, Drago Gervais, Va sremskoj ravnici


thorough

From Middle English thoruȝ, þoruȝ, from Old English þuruh, a byform of Old English þurh, whence comes English through. The adjective derives from the preposition and adverb. The word developed a syllabic form in cases where the word was fully stressed: when it was used as an adverb, adjective, or noun, and less commonly when used as a preposition.

Ye might haue ſeene the frothy billowes fry
 Vnder the ſhip, as thorough them ſhe went […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

You are contented to be led in triumph
 Thorough the streets of Rome?

1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], line 109:


puissance

Inherited from Middle French puissance, derived from Old French puissant.

Deux puissance quatre égale seize.

Two to the power of four equals sixteen.


rising

a horse rising six years of age

(US, slang, dated) More than; exceeding; upwards of.


ultra

From uls + -ter + -ā (adverb ending). See also citrā, intrā, extrā.
The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional.


untar

Middle High German: unter

German: unter

Hunsrik: unne

Luxembourgish: ënner

Yiddish: אונטער (unter)

From Proto-Germanic *under (compare Old English under, Old Norse undir).


nonostante

Univerbation of non + ostante. Compare Portuguese não obstante, Spanish no obstante, French nonobstant.


up for

Are you up for a trip to the library today?

Neither team were up for this third-round replay, their lack of enthusiasm betrayed by 16 changes from the line-ups they used in league combat at the weekend.

2011 January 18, Joe Lovejoy, “Cardiff City 0 Stoke City 2”, in Guardian Online:

(idiomatic) Willing to participate in; interested in.

He is up for reelection next year, so he will try to control his image.

He is up for second degree murder.

It's still up for debate.

She put her jewelry up for auction.

My car is up for sale.

(idiomatic) Being or due to be evaluated, inspected, judged, considered, sold, etc., in the stated circumstances or by the stated method.


à la

→ English: a la, à la

→ Norwegian Bokmål: à la, a la

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see à, la.

à la française

à la Hugo

a la, in the style or manner of (with a feminine singular adjective or a proper noun)


à la

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «à la».ogg

From French à la (“in the style or manner of”), short for à la mode (“in fashion”), first part from French à (“to, on, in”), from Middle French [Term?], from Old French a (“to, towards, belonging to”), from Latin ad (“to, towards, up to, at”), from Proto-Italic *ad (“toward, to, on, up to, for”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”). Last part from French la (“the”), from Middle French la (“the”), from Old French la (“the”), from Latin illam (“that, those”), which is the accusative singular feminine of ille (“that, those”), from Old Latin olle (“he, that”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-no- or *h₂l̥-no-, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”).

der

Fastes skjødesløse paaklædning – aldeles a la den gamle

1899, Jonas Lie, Faste Forland, page 12:

Faste's careless attire - completely a la the old one

i «à la», som betyr «à la manière de», d.v.s. som det er brukt der og der hos den og den person, ligger ikke alene en historisk erindring, men deri skjuler sig ofte hemmeligheten ved [mat]rettenes egenartethet

i «à la», which means «à la manière de», i.e. as it is used there and there in this and that person, lies not only a historical memory, but often hides the secret of the peculiarity of [food] dishes

ymter noen om belønning a la permisjon til jul?

2005, Knut Borge, Tore Skoglund, Alt for Norge og vel så det:

does anyone claim rewards a la leave for Christmas?

boka spiller opp mot det klassiske krim-mysteriet, a la Agatha Christie

2008, Jon Michelet, Brev fra de troende:

the book plays against the classic crime mystery, a la Agatha Christie

biff à la Lindström
steak à la Lindström

taklampen vår er noe à la den dere har

our ceiling light is akin to the one you have


à la

a la (in the style or manner of) [with nominative ‘what’]


à la

From French à la (“in the style or manner of”).


quanto

From Old Galician-Portuguese quanto, from Latin quantus (“how much; how many”). Doublet of quantum.


affor

providid that if it happen one of theym to decesse affor sche be maried, her porcion to be disposed to th’use and behove of Robert my son […]

1501 Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York Vol. IV (1869, York District Probate Registry, England), page 196

prayed him to forgive her, for Lyford had overcome her, and defiled her body before mariage affor he had comended him onto her for a husband.

1630-1650, William Bradford, journal, as quoted by Janet Farrell Brodie, Contraception and Abortion in Nineteenth-Century America (1994, Cornell University Press), page 38

I was in here four times, and went out to try to get on, but couldn't, affor I comed in sixteen years ago, and my old woman was in affor she died.

1881, John Matthias Weylland, Our Veterans: Life-stories of the London City Mission, page 168:

Obsolete spelling of afore (“before, in advance of the time of”).

She wold have putt in her bill of complant affor my Lord of Richmonde’s counsell.

16C, title unavailable, as quoted by Arthur Geoffrey Dickens, Clifford Letters of the Sixteenth Century (1962), volume [illegible], page 116

Theyn he and v other psons yᵗ ys to wytt Jħn Walker Wyllyā Haslű Thomas ffleccher Perys Holt ƿ Rog’ Leyu’ testefyed this mat’ for thrwe affor me lord the Justys of Lanchastʳ.

1856, the Rev. F. R. Raines, M.A., F.S.A., “Examynatyons Towcheynge Cokeye More”, in Remains Historical and Literary Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester, volume 37 (Chetham Society), page 20

Obsolete spelling of afore (“before, geographically or metaphorically in front of”).


affor

[I] know somwhat from other partyys that imagenys by som prewe conwoyanssis that is in demenyng be twyx France and Spaeyn that affor the monyth of Augost next comyng that ther salbe peace maede betwyx the Emperor and the Frenche Kyng.

1526-1534, John Hackett, as quoted in The Letters of Sir John Hackett (1971, West Virginia University Library)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

7 April 1565 William Chambers, Charters and Documents Relating to the Burgh of Peebles (1872, Scottish Burgh Records Society), page 299

The counsall ordanis the scuill master to provid ane doctur to tech the scuill, and ilk honest man that hes bairnis to gif the said doctur his meit about, and ordanis the said master to wait himself better on the bairnis nor he doid affor tyme as he will andssur to thame thairvpon.

... hagbuttares on horsbak com to this towne of Stryviling quhair all the nobilite vas assemblit, enterit vytin the towne affor any vytin knew of them.

17C, William R. Boyd, Calendar of the State Papers related to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603

Item in Jun anno affor writyn, rassauit fra W. Hoper for fynans that my Lord maid wt hys fadir 500 ducatis.

1867, Ledger of Andrew Halyburton, Scotland: H. M. General Register House, page 214:


up to

From Middle English up to, from Old English up tō.

She went up to the third floor.

Go up to the counter and ask.

But the little old woman walked up to Dorothy, made a low bow and said, in a sweet voice, “You are welcome, most noble Sorceress, to the land of the Munchkins.[…]”

1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, “The Council with The Munchkins”, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC, page 21:

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see up, to.

to feel up to it

Are you up to lifting something that heavy?

Are you up to the challenge?

Are you up to going to the beach?

Capable, ready or equipped, having sufficient material preconditions for, possibly willpower (at a particular moment).

You can make up to five copies.

Violators may face a fine of up to $300.

As much as; no more than. (also with of)

Up to that point, I liked her.

I've read up to chapter 5.

It’s up to you whether to get the blue one or the red one.

It's up to the prosecution to prove that the defendant is guilty.

Within the responsibility of, to be attributed to the sphere of influence of, having someone or something as authoritative in.

What are you up to today?

He looked like a man up to no good.

There’s only one rooted tree with two leaves, up to ordering.

(mathematics) Considering all members of an equivalence class the same.

op ... na

mathematics: considering all members of an equivalence class the same

“Oh,” said Mr. Pickwick. “My what, did you say?”
“Your chummage ticket,” replied Mr. Roker; “you’re up to that?”
“Not quite,” replied Mr. Pickwick, with a smile.
“Why,” said Mr. Roker, “it’s as plain as Salisbury. You’ll have a chummage ticket upon twenty-seven in the third, and them as is in the room will be your chums.”

1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, “Illustrative, like the preceding one, of the old Proverb, that Adversity brings a Man acquainted with strange Bed-fellows. Likewise containing Mr. Pickwick’s extraordinary and startling announcement to Mr. Samuel Weller.”, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC, page 447:

(archaic, slang) Familiar with the meaning of; able to understand.


entro

(spatial, literary or rare) within, in, inside


at the hands of

By 1859, D. Morier Evans was exhibiting [George] Hudson as the principal character in his rogues' gallery entitled "Facts, Failures and Frauds"; and at the hands of modern economic historians he has been written down as a common swindler.

1951 December, Michael Robbins, “John Francis's "History of the English Railway"”, in Railway Magazine, page 800:

It also does not help that one of the main causes of Chelsea's current plight is the scattergun strategy and madcap transfer spree from their owners that has taken them to 11th in the Premier League and now out of the Champions League at the hands of the ruthless holders, who are always happy to apply brutal reality to any romantic notions.

2023 April 18, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea Champions League exit: Where do 'disjointed, broken' Blues go from here?”, in BBC Sport:


ت

تَٱللّٰهِ تالله#Arabic

particle denoting an oath, used only in تَٱللّٰهِ (tal-lāhi)


chum

head

chum (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)


to the tune of

The lyrics were written to the tune of "Amazing Grace".

She wasn’t the only one pondering that question; it was a sentiment that would be echoed in a post by the TikTok musician Boy Jr in August, who – to the tune of Video Killed the Radio Star – told her 300,000 followers that the very platform she was posting from had, along with streaming services and algorithms, “killed the bridge in pop songs”.

2022 December 9, Hannah J. Davies, “Is TikTok killing off the pop music bridge?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

The damage that he did to his car was to the tune of two grand.

It's a blackmail ring, and the district attorneys get a share of the loot. […] Well, they got him in the same kind of jam, and soaked him to the tune of three hundred and eighty-six thousand.

It boasts Hollywood royalty such as Martin Scorsese, Robert De Niro and Leonardo DiCaprio, was backed to the tune of $200m by tech behemoth Apple and has earned the kind of reviews that generate Oscar buzz.

2023 November 3, David Smith, “‘Hollywood doesn’t change overnight’: Indigenous viewers on Killers of the Flower Moon”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(figurative) Roughly; about; to the approximate sum or extent of.


var

Var faade?

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 39:

Gooude var nat oan dhing, niether treesh ar thraame;

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

Good for not one thing; neither for the trace, nor the car.

till ee zin o'oure daies be var aye be ee-go t'glade.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 14-15:

until the sun of our lives (be for ever) be gone down the dark valley (of death).


underneath

From Middle English undernethe, undernethen, from Old English underneoþan (“underneath”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *underniþer.

Underneath the water, all was calm.

We flew underneath the bridge.

We looked underneath the table.

There was little freedom underneath the jackboot.


åt

No dreg me åt byen.

Dette er huset åt foreldra mine.


åt

From Old Norse at, from Proto-Germanic *at, from Proto-Indo-European *ád.

Jag har en present åt dig.

Titta inte åt det hållet.


fé

From Old Irish fo, from *wo, from Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó), Middle Welsh go.

Munster form of faoi (“under; about, concerning”)


com

From Proto-Italic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”).


com

Guinea-Bissau Creole: ku

Kabuverdianu: ku

Macanese: co

Papiamentu: ku, cu

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese con, from Latin cum (“with”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Compare Fala and Galician con and Spanish con.

inh+

Lutamos com os nossos inimigos.

Tenho coisas mais importantes a discutir com você hoje à noite.

2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 282:

I have more important things to discuss with you tonight.

Lutamos com os nossos amigos.

with; alongside; together with (in the company of)

Compramos uma casa com uma garagem e com dois andares.

We bought a house with a garage and with two storeys.

Quero saber se meus amigos estão comigo.

I want to know whether my friend are with me.

Escrevi o artigo com um lápis.

Com a falência da fábrica, ficamos desempregados.

With the bankruptcy of the factory, we ended up unemployed.

Estou com a pior dor de cabeça que o mundo já viu.

I have the worst headache the world has ever seen.


care of

Short for in the care of or similar phrase.

Could you please send this package to Mr. John Smith, care of the Northwest Shelter?

(mail) For distribution by (the named intermediary).

عِنَايَة

for distribution by (the named intermediary) — see also c/o


sem

use gerund

antonym(s) of “not doing or having done something”

→ Ambonese Malay: seng

Macanese: sim

From Old Galician-Portuguese sen, from Latin sine, from Proto-Indo-European *sene.

um livro sem capa

casa sem janelas

-less; without (not having, containing, characteristic of, etc.)

Ele gosta de comer tudo sem dividir.

He likes to eat everything without sharing.

Ele atirou sem avisar ninguém.

(followed by infinitive) without (not doing or not having done something)


inward

From Old English inweard; equivalent to in + -ward.


wider

From Middle High German wider, from Old High German widar, from Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against, toward”). The same word as wieder (“again”) with artificial orthographic distinction. Hence cognate with Dutch weer, English wither.

inh

Kain, der erste Rebell wider den autoritären Vater-Gott.

Cain, the first to rebel against the authoritarian father God.


neath

From Old English neoþan, from Proto-Germanic *niþanē.


c/o

1976-1977, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
Sunday I penned my letter, Monday I mailed it c/o the high school.

Anna c/o Bob ― Anna at Bob's address

Send your mail to me c/o Mr. John Smith.

“But he sent it to you, didn't he?” “No, he sent it to himself c/o me.”

(shipping) Abbreviation of care of, used to identify an intermediary who is responsible for transferring a piece of mail between the postal system and the final addressee.

p

(abbreviation) identifies intermediary in delivering mail — see also care of

She was admitted to the hospital 6 days ago with c/o nausea, vomiting, and RUQ [right upper quadrant of the abdomen] pain. Her diet has not advanced beyond clear liquids, which she failed to tolerate on two attempts. Roa continues to c/o nausea and RUQ pain.

2009, Carol J. Rollins, “Adult Enteral Nutrition”, in Terry L. Schinghammer, Julia M. Koehler, editors, Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 7th edition, McGraw Hill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 366:

(medicine) Abbreviation of complain of, used to identify symptoms described by a patient.


c/o

Borrowed from English c/o. According to SO attested since 1906.

Anders Anderson c/o Sven Svenson, Kungsgatan 12
Anders Anderson c/o Sven Svenson, King's Street 12


'neath

Have you ever been south of Monterey? / Barrancas carve the coastline / And the chaparral flows to the sea / ’Neath waves of golden sunshine

1973, Al Jardine (lyrics and music), “California Saga (California)”, in Holland, performed by The Beach Boys:

One land and one nation is our cry, / Dignity and peace 'neath Zambia's sky

1973, “Stand and Sing of Zambia, Strong and Free”:

And here in Spain I am a Spaniard / I will be buried with my marionettes / Countess and courtesan / Have fallen 'neath my tender hand / When their husbands were not around

2002, The Decemberists (lyrics and music), “Here I Dreamt I Was an Architect”, in Castaways and Cutouts, performed by The Decemberists, track 1:


touching

From Middle English touchynge, equivalent to touch + -ing.

Now as touching things offered vnto idoles, wee know that wee all haue knowledge.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 8:1:

Every time I ascended to the deck from my watches below, I instantly gazed aft to mark if any strange face were visible ; for my first vague disquietude touching the unknown captain, now in the seclusion of the sea, became almost a perturbation.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 28, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 134:


meets

The taste of an eggplant could be described as pepper meets tomato.

The concept of the movie was Fantastic Voyage meets The Devil Wears Prada.


'n

Toi viviendo'n Cangues


'n

(colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of in.


sens

(Gascony, Languedoc, Limousin) Alternative form of sense


abs

From Proto-Italic *aps, variant of *ap (see ab). Compare Ancient Greek ἄψ (áps, “back again; in return”).


kan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-n, from Proto-Austronesian *ka

inh+

Harong kan panadero.

Aki kan magurang.

Magurang kan aki.

of—objective marker for nouns or phrases other than personal names.


kan

From a variant of Middle High German gēn, gein, from gegen with elision of intervocalic -g-. Cognate with German gen; Alemannic German and Bavarian gan. Doublet of ghéghen.

Ich hèrbighe kan 'Toballe, kor Baan, ka Sléeghe.

I live in Mezzaselva, [a hamlet of] Roana, [a town in] Asiago.

Ich ghéa inn ka Sléeghe, aus kan Bèarn, au kan Triin, abe kan Ròome.

I go east to Asiago, out west to Verona, up north to Trentino, and down south to Rome.


dixit

Borrowed from Latin dīxit (“he or she has said”).

bor+

« Ce n’est pas à la loi de définir l’histoire », dixit Jacques Chirac.

'It is not up to the law to define history' said Jacques Chirac.

Names the author of a previously quoted statement


ties

Related to tiẽsiai (“straight”), tiesùs (“simple”).

Nestovė́k tiẽs lángu.


in lieu of

From Middle English in liue of, a partial calque of Old French au leu de (modern French au lieu de).

They gave him a cash award, in lieu of the promised prize package.

بَدَلًا مِن

instead; in place of; as a substitute for

In lieu of recent events, more caution is needed.


vis-a-vis

Nixon confirmed that the Chinese Communists at first demanded that throughout the communique Taiwan be referred to as "a province of China." He said he had demurred, insisting that the U.S. side could refer to Taiwan only as "a part of China." Nixon's reasoning was that being dubbed "a province of China" would place Taiwan immediately in a subordinate position vis-a-vis the People's Republic of China; whereas being labeled "a part of China" would give Taiwan, despite its smaller size, a higher status vis-a-vis the mainland. I could tell by listening to Nixon that he was very pleased with himself on this matter.

1983, James C. H. Shen, “A Round of Calls”, in Robert Myers, editor, The U.S. & Free China: How the U.S. Sold Out Its Ally, Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books Ltd., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 109:


fata

Possibly from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until”). See Spanish hasta.

[mandolo Recabdar...] Q̃ vayades por ellas, adugades gelas aca

between 1140-1207, Anonymous, Cantar de mío Cid 1486-1487

[He sent out the message] that you should go for them [his wife and daughters] and bring them here,
and you must not leave them until Valencia.

E ffata en valençia dellas non uos partades


failing

A large proportion of the females employed in other firms are said to have signified their intention of going on strike, failing a settlement.

If what follows is not possible; without.


saving

And in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 2:17:

I should be ruled by the fiend, who, saving your reverence, is the devil himself.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

Saving your presence.

a. 1796, Robert Burns, The Carle of Kellyburn Braes:


n'

Contraction of the preposition en (“in”)


n'

Os trechos a seguir aparecem n'Os Lusíadas.
The following excerpts appear in Os Lusíadas.

Alternative form of em (used before words beginning in a vowel, archaic except before a facultative contraction containing part of a proper name)


rond

rond (prepositional)
rond (adverb postpositional)
errond
hierrond
daarrond
waarrond
ergens rond
nergens rond
overal rond

→ Sranan Tongo: lontu

→ Kari'na: rontuma

From Middle Dutch ront, from Old French reont, from Latin rotundus.


hasta

(Castilianism) Alternative form of fasta


hasta

Borrowed from Spanish hasta, from Old Spanish fasta.

Poin encontralsi, a o millol, hasta “oito” o mais.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme VI, Chapter 1::

There can be found, at best, up to “eight” or more.

Esti términu Mañegu, o mais pequenu dos tres, formaba parti, con términus de Vilamel i Trevellu, da pruvincia de Salamanca hasta o anu 1833 […]

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

This San Martinese locality, the smallest of the three, formed, along with the Vilamen and Trevejo localities, the Salamanca province until the year 1833 […]


hasta

Inherited from Old Spanish fasta, and of ultimate uncertain origin. Commonly proposed etymologies are Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until”) and Latin ad ista (“to this”).
According to Coromines & Pascual (1980:323-324), fasta is first attested with certainty in the 13th century (dubiously earlier since 1074), with variants fata (att. 1098 as hata, Auto de Reyes Magos), adte (att. 1050, very rare), ata (att. ca. 1000, Glosas Emilianenses), adta (att. 945, in a Cardeña document). A(d)ta predominates in pre-literary (pre-13th century) texts, then in the 13th c. there is increasing vacillation between a predominant fata and the variant fasta until fasta becomes established in the 14th c. They propose st as dissimilation of the earlier dt in adta, attempting to render the Arabic geminate tt, and the initial f- (i.e. /ɸ ~ h/) found in various forms renders the initial Arabic /ħ/ of ḥattā. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese ata, ate (stressed as até?), atẽe, atẽes, atães; Portuguese até; Galician ata, até, atá, asta, astra; Mirandese ata; Asturian fasta, ata; Valencian dasta, hasda, handa.
Viaro (2013) proposes a derivation of fasta from Latin faciem + Latin intrā, after these reduced to faz + t(r)a, cf. Spanish hacia, pointing out Old Spanish adtor became azor instead of *astor. Meanwhile, the mostly pre-13th century a(d)ta would be from Latin ad + intrā, cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese atra and ata.


vis-à-vis

Borrowed from French vis-à-vis (“face-to-face”).

Canada's role vis-à-vis the United States' in Afghanistan

He was seated vis-à-vis the president.

Opposite; across from; set so as to be facing.


vis-à-vis

Borrowed from French vis-à-vis (“face-to-face”)

Hi freaks look at me / Autogramme vis-à-vis / Gegenüber einer Welt / Deren Umriss uns gefällt / Das Geld steht schon bereit / Hast du morgen Zeit

2002, “Hi Freaks”, in Tocotronic, performed by Tocotronic:

(literary, dated outside Switzerland) vis-à-vis


vis-à-vis

Unadapted borrowing from French vis-à-vis.


radi

radi mene

radi d(j)ece

radi tog(a)


overhead

From Middle English owerheved, over-hed, over hede (adverb), from Old English oferhēafod (adverb), equivalent to over- + head. Compare German Low German overhoopt, överhoopt, German überhaupt.

Cigarette smoke was sucked out through the cracks in the glass of the glazed panes overhead the side street and the parking lot.

1976 August 14, Matthew Wolfe, “Cruising a Tea Room or; Does Gertrude Stein Really Drink Coffee”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 7, page 15:


als

Afrikaans: as, als

Berbice Creole Dutch: asi

Javindo: als

Jersey Dutch: ās

Negerhollands: a, es, as

Petjo: als

Skepi Creole Dutch: as

From Middle Dutch alse, an unstressed form of also (modern alzo). The sense “whether” is possibly a semantic loan from Sranan Tongo efu (“if, when; if, whether”).

sl

Hij huilde als een kind.

Hij is even groot als ik.

even ... als: as ... as [with nominative]

Hij is groter als jij.


об

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Я узна́л мно́го об икре́. ― Ja uznál mnógo ob ikré. ― I found out a lot about caviar.

опира́ться об окно́


об

об одина́дцятій годи́ні

об одина́дцятій ве́чора

(before a consonant)


во

Што правиш во мојата соба?


во

во второ́м

во вто́рник

во Флори́де

Alternative form of в (v): in, at, on; to, into; etc.


tp

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE


aslope

From Middle English aslope, probably from or akin to Old English āslopen, past participle of Old English āslūpan (“to slip away”), from a- + slupan (“to slip”).

1616, Thomas Middleton, Civitas Amor, London: Thomas Archer, “Prince Charles his Creation,”
[…] the King […] puts the Belt ouer the necke of the Knight, aslope his breast, placing the Sword vnder his left Arme:

A lute, aslope
The curious baldric of his tunic, glints
With pearl-reflections of the moon,

1899, Madison Cawein, “The Last Song”, in Myth and Romance, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, pages 29–30:


úr

From Old Norse úr (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).

fara úr klæðunum

draga bát úr neysti

úr jarni, viði, gulli

drekka úr fløsku

fara úr einum felag

hann slapp úr oynni

stað úr stað

úr øllum ættum

hann kemur úr Onglandi

umseta úr enskum

í ein útnyrðing úr Føroyum


úr

From Old Norse ór (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”). More at or-.

Hver stal kökunni úr krúsinni í gær?

Who stole the cookie from the jar (cookie jar) last night?


tanga

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋaq.


ISO

SO's affection for cats is important, but not nearly as important as not being allergic! It's really irritating to date a person who stops breathing whenever he's in your apartment. "GWM, 26, ISO G/BiM, must be kind to animals and have no allergies to pets..."

1992 November 23, Joseph E. Beason, “Re: gayfolk and cats”, in soc.motss (Usenet):

(in personal ads) Initialism of in search of.


ka

Old Church Slavonic language
Proto-Albanian language
Proto-Indo-European language
Shkodër
Tosk Albanian language

From older kah, from *kah ~ ngah (compare Tosk Albanian nga), from Proto-Albanian *en kaxa, from Proto-Indo-European *en kʷod so (“wherein, wherefrom”), literally ‘in which this’. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).

inh-lite

Jo, unë nuk jam ka Shqipëria.


ka

Alternative form of kan, used before words starting with s.


pt

n-am fost ieri acolo pt k n-am vrut sa vb cu el

n-am fost ieri acolo pentru că n-am vrut să vorbesc cu el

I wasn't there yesterday because I didn't want to talk to him


avon

From Late Latin ab ante, from Latin ab + ante.


akan

Inherited from Malay akan, from Proto-Malayic *akən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *akən. Doublet of -kan.

Dia takut akan kegelapan.

of (links an intransitive verb, or a transitive verb and its subject (especially verbs to do with thinking, feeling, expressing etc.), with its subject-matter; concerning, with regard to)

Kamu sering bercerita akan masa kecilmu.

about (concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of)

(obsolete) for
directed at; intended to belong to

in order to help, benefit, gratify, honor etc. (someone or something)