es-

S configuration
w:absolute configuration

(pharmacology) Used to form names of drugs with a chiral center in the S configuration.


es-

es- + fulla (“leaf”) → esfullar (“to remove leaves from”)


es-

es- + corda (“tendon”) → escordar (“to sprain”)

es- + maga (“guts”) → esmagar (“to squeeze”)

es- + milfa (“tassel”) → esmilfar (“to fray”)


es-

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin ex-.


es-

French: é-


es-

es- + coger → escoger

es- + pulga → espulgar

es- + forzar → esforzar


es-

es- (mutation mutation-radical)
hes- (mutation prothesis-h)

es- + plygu (“fold”) → esblygu (“evolve”)


toco-

From Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”).


né-

hol (“where”) → néhol (“at some places”)

mely (“which”) → némely (“some specific ones, a few of them”)

hány (“how many”) → néhány (“a few”)

interrogative pronoun
interrogative pronoun#English

(pronoun prefix) some- (a certain, an unspecified or unknown; attached to some interrogative pronouns)


topo-

From Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place”).


tomo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos, “section, slice”), from τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”).


tono-

From Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “strain, tension, pitch”), from τείνω (teínō, “I stretch”).

der

tonography, myotonometer, hypotonia

(medicine) Tonus: muscle tone, or tension in an organ.

tonogenesis, tonomorpheme, tonomorphology

(linguistics) Relating to tone in linguistics.

tonoscope, tonotopic, tonotopy

tonofibril, tonoplast


tras-

Inherited from Latin trāns (“across, beyond”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“through, throughout, over”). Doublet of tra- and trans-.


tras-

tras- (mutation mutation-radical)
thras- (lenition mutation)
dtras- (eclipsis mutation)


tras-

From Old Galician-Portuguese tras-, from Latin trāns-. Doublet of trans-.


tribo-

From Ancient Greek τρίβω (tríbō, “to rub”).


nucleo-

Formed from nucleus, from Latin nucleus (“kernel, core”), a diminutive of nux (“nut”).

(biochemistry, cytology) Forming words pertaining to the cell nucleus or to nucleic acid.

nucleo-

(physics) Forming words pertaining to atomic nuclei.


nucleo-

(biochemistry, cytology) nucleo- (pertaining to the cell nucleus or to nucleic acid)


video-

видео-

related to moving images, and especially to television


video-

Borrowed from English video-, from Latin videō (literally “I see”).


xero-

From Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós, “dry”).


פרו

he-prefix

פְּרוֹ • (p'ró)

מחאה פרו פלסטינית

Pro-: forming adjectives relating to support.


D/L

(chemistry) dextro-/levo- (used as a prefix to describe racemic mixtures)


onco-

First attested 1857, from New Latin onco- (“tumor”). from Ancient Greek ὄγκος (ónkos, “lump, mass, bulk”).


onko-

Internationalism (see English onco-), ultimately from New Latin onco-.


egyen-

egyen- + ruha (“dress”) → egyenruha (“uniform”)


kardio-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).


kardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).


kardio-

kardio- + -grafia → kardiografia


perfluoro-

(chemistry) used to describe any compound or group in which every hydrogen atom has been replaced by fluorine


oeno-

From Ancient Greek οἶνος (oînos, “wine”).


œno-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek οἶνος (oînos, “wine”).


tauto-

From Ancient Greek ταὐτό (tautó, “the same”), contraction of τὸ (tò, “the”) + αὐτό (autó, “same”), neuter of αὐτός (autós, “same”).


aer-

aer- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aer- (eclipsis mutation)
haer- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-aer- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of aera- (“aero-, aerial; pneumatic”)


daa-

ndaabaah

form taken by the distributive plural marker da- when found immediately before the verbal stem, indicating three or more participants


hem-

They. Third person plural pronoun added to a verb to show its subject.

Their. Third person plural pronoun added to a noun to show its possessor.


lhiass-

Cognate to Welsh llys-, Breton lez-, Scottish Gaelic and Irish leas-.


gloss-

Alternative form of glosso-, used before a vowel.


ka-

ka- + kawat (“play”) → kakawat (“playmate”)

ka- + iwal (“fight”) → kaiwal (“enemy”)

Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-


ka-

ka- + linaw (“calm”) → kalinaw (“calmness”)

ka- + bugnaw (“cold”) → kabugnaw (“coldness”)

(added to adjectives) denotes a state of being; -ness

ka- + init (“hot”) → kainit!

(added to an adjective) used in exclamations; how...

ka- + klase (“class”) → kaklase (“classmate”)

ka- + away (“to fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)

(added to nouns or verbs) denotes partnership or companionship; co-


ka-

ka- + gibe (“bring”) → kagibe (“(accidentally) taken along”)

accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb


ka-

noun class prefix, used with a diminutive meaning


ka-

third person feminine/neuter agent pronominal prefix


ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.


ka-

Javanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.


ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.


ka-

ka- + tijek (“to step on”) → katijek (“(accidentally) stepped on”)

ka- + bedil (“gun”) → kabedil (“(accidentally) shot”)

accidental aspect of the passive transitive verb

ka- + déngé (“to hear”) → kadéngé (“to be heard”)

ka- + baca (“to read”) → kabaca (“to be read”)

perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb

ka- + harti (“meaning”) → kaharti (“(can be) understood”)

verb-forming prefix
implies that the action can be done

ka- + rugi (“loss”) → karugi (“loss”)

ka- + hayang (“to want”) → kahayang (“desire, want”)

noun-forming prefix
abstract noun-forming prefix


ka-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika-, from Proto-Austronesian *Sika-. Compare Malay ke-, Tagalog ika-

ka- + hiji (“one”) → kahiji (“first”)

ka- + sapuluh (“ten”) → kasapuluh (“tenth”)

numeral-forming prefix
ordinal number forming prefix; -th


ka-

Near-synonyms: ali-, ame-

2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi:

President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame

third-person singular animate ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) recent-past perfective marker

1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-


ka-

(colloquial or dialect, nonstandard) noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning


ka-

ka- + sama (“to accompany”) → kasama (“partner”)

ka- + opisina (“office”) → kaopisina (“coworker”)

implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root

ka- + mukha (“face”) → kamukha (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

ka- + away (“fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)

implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun

ka- + sigaw (“shout”) → kasisigaw (“repeatedly shouting”)

ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)

implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable

ka- + galang (“respect”) → kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)

ka- + paniwala (“belief”) → kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)

implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables

ka- + punta (“going”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)

ka- + luto (“cooking, cuisine”) → kaluluto (“recently cooked”)

implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by lang or lamang


ka-

ka- + -nu (“this, these”) → kanu (“this (class 12)”)

[[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_12|class 12]] pronominal concord

ka- + -kora (“to do”) → kakora (“it (class 12) does”)

they; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_12|class 12]] subject concord

ka- + -ha (“to give”) → kaha (“give it (class 12)”)

positive imperative form of -ka- (“it; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_12|class 12]] object concord”)


ka-

he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.


ka-

-ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.


ka-

From Proto-Arawak *ka-. Cognate with Lokono ka-, Garifuna ka-.


ka-

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic

desc

Yami: ka- (“company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root)”)

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: ka-

Coastal Bikol

Bikol Central: ka-

Bisayan/Visayan

Cebuano: ka-

Western Indonesian

Greater North Borneo

Proto-Malayic:

Malayic

Malay: ke-
Indonesian: ke-

Minangkabau: ka-

Old Sundanese:

Sundanese: ᮊ- (ka-)

Madurese:

Kangean: ka-

desctree

Old Javanese: ka-
Javanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Micronesian

Central Micronesian

Mokilese: ka-

marker of past time in temporal expressions

stative marker in irrealis constructions

manner in which an action is carried out


ka-

Formosan

Bunun: ka-

Puyuma: ka- (“stative marker”)

desc

Rukai: (Mantauran) ka- (“in fact, indeed, actually”)

Saisiyat: ka- (“verb nominalization marker”)

Thao: ka- (“to make; two times”)

desctree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *ka-
Proto-Philippine:
Batanic
Yami: ka- (“company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root)”)
Greater Central Philippine
Central Philippine
Tagalog: ka-
Coastal Bikol
Bikol Central: ka-
Bisayan/Visayan
Cebuano: ka-
Western Indonesian
Greater North Borneo
Proto-Malayic:
Malayic
Malay: ke-
Indonesian: ke-
Minangkabau: ka-
Old Sundanese:
Sundanese: ᮊ- (ka-)
Madurese:
Kangean: ka-
Old Javanese: ka-
Javanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)
Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
Proto-Oceanic:
Micronesian
Central Micronesian
Mokilese: ka-


homeo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “similar”).

bor

homeopathy


homeo-

homeo- + -patia → homeopatia


homoi-

From Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “of like kind, similar”).


homoe-

From the Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “of like kind, similar”).


pleo-

From the Ancient Greek πλείων (pleíōn), πλέων (pléōn), πλεῖον (pleîon, “more”).


dehydro-

(organic chemistry) Used to form the names of compounds that have lost one or more hydrogen atoms, especially those that have lost even numbers of hydrogen atoms to form double bonds

déshydro-

used to form the names of compounds that have lost one or more hydrogen atoms


thromb-

Alternative form of thrombo- (before a vowel)


arteri-

Either from the Latin artēria or directly from its etymon, the Ancient Greek ἀρτηρία (artēría, “trachea”, “artery”).

arterious duct

arterious (medicine, now rare and historical) →

(forming uncomparable adjectives) arterial (and)

(forming countable nouns) of an artery or of arteries


end-

From the Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “within”).

endomorphic

endomorph (mineralogy and anthropometry) →

endogenously

endogenous (pathology, geology, and psychiatry) →


ailuro-

/aɪˈljʊəɹə-/

/ˌaɪljʊəɹə-/

From Ancient Greek αἴλουρος (aílouros, “cat”).


naj-

naj- + głodny → najgłodniejszy

naj- + prawdopodobnie → najprawdopodobniej

used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs, taking the form of comparative as the basis; similar to most and -est


naj-

Ivan je brz, Petar je brži, ali Josip je najbrži!

Ivan is fast, Petar is faster but Josip is the fastest!

most, -est; used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs, by attaching it to the comparative form.


naj-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *naj-. From parts *na and particle *i. Approximates to prefix *nad-.


naj-

Ivan je hitri, Ana je hitrejša, ampak Janez je najhitrejši!

Ivan is fast, Ana is faster but Janez is the fastest!


div-

divrec'h

divyezhek

divrod


helyre-

From hely (“place”) + -re (“onto, on”, case suffix).

affix

helyre- + tesz (“to put”) → helyretesz (“to put in its place again”)

(verbal prefix) putting something back to its original place

helyre- + állít (“to place”) → helyreállít (“to restore”)

(verbal prefix) restoring to a normal state


gynæc-

From the Ancient Greek γῠναικ- (gunaik-), stem of γῠνή (gunḗ, “woman, female”).


tor-

From Old Norse tor- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”, prefix), from Proto-Germanic *tuz- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”), from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad, ill, difficult”). Cognate with Icelandic tor- (prefix).

inh

with difficulty or hardship; difficult, hard


tor-

From Old Norse tor- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”, prefix), from Proto-Germanic *tuz- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”), from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad, ill, difficult”).
Cognate with Faroese tor- (prefix), Norwegian Nynorsk tor- (prefix) and dialectal Swedish tor- (prefix), Old English tor- (prefix) and tō- (prefix) (whence Middle English tor, tore (prefix), toor (prefix), whence English tore (“hard, difficult, wearisome, tedious; strong, sturdy, great, massive; full, rich”) and torfer), Old High German zur- (“mis-”, prefix), and Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌶- (tuz-, “hard, difficult”, prefix).
Compare Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad, ill, difficult”, prefix), Sanskrit दुस्- (dus-, prefix), and Old Irish do-.

cog

Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies


lith-

From the Ancient Greek λῐ́θος (líthos, “stone”).

lithoclastic

lithoclast (surgery, otherwise obsolete) →

lithotriptist

lithotripsy, lithotripsis (surgery and medicine) →


pseph-

From the Ancient Greek ψῆφος (psêphos, “pebble”); the later, electoral sense stems from the ancient Athenian method of voting by putting a pebble in a ballot box (for which sense see psephisma and psephophoria).


helleno-

From Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás, “Greece”).


Helleno-

Relating to Greece and/or Greek culture, either ancient or modern.


Hiberno-

/haɪˈbɜːnəʊ/


Hispano-

(by extension) Relating to South American Spanish speakers.


hispano-

Alternative letter-case form of Hispano-


Germano-

But it's still a powerful record, with Iggy's vocals blending Jim Morrison and Lou Reed over the dead, thudding strangeness of Mr. Bowie'e Germano‐British progressivisms.

1977 November 3, “The Pop Life”, in The New York Times:


germano-

Alternative letter-case form of Germano-.


germano-

germano- + -fobia → germanofobia


luso-

From Lusitânia (“poetic name for Portugal”), from Latin Lūsitānia (“province of Roman Hispania”); and from luso (“Portuguese”), from Luso (“Lusus, supposed Roman god”), from Latin lūsum (“game”).

uder

luso-britânico
Anglo-Portuguese


dea-

dea- (mutation mutation-radical)
dhea- (lenition mutation)
ndea- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish dag- (“good”), from Proto-Celtic *dagos (“good”) (compare Welsh da).


r-

From dialectal er-, from her- and/or dar-. Compare Dutch er.

pronominal adverbs
pronominal adverbs#English

(colloquial) Creates pronominal adverbs from prepositions with an initial vowel; in the standard language it is equivalent to her- or hin- depending on the context. This distinction is neglected in colloquial German.


r-

An abbreviation of ríomh- (“electronic”).


hella-

(informal, neologism) A proposed synonym for ronna- (10²⁷)


lev-

(chemistry) Alternative form of levo-; denoting a levorotatory form. (before a vowel)


moni-

Combining form of moni (“many”). Akin to Finnish moni-.


stein-

From Stein (“stone”). Originally used in semantically transparent forms like steinalt (“stone-old”), steinhart (“stone-hard”), steintaub (“stone-deaf”), steintot (“stone-dead”), etc. Then generalised to other adjectives without a semantic relation to the basic word, such as steinreich (literally “stone-rich”). See the same in Dutch steengoed (literally “stone-good”), Icelandic steinóður (literally “stone-mad”). Compare further German stock-.


stein-

Ultimately an intensifier related to steinn (“stone”), as in calling someone "stone-deaf," or the phrase steinn óður (“stone mad”). Compare Danish sten-, German stein-.


jotta-

[ˈjo̞t̪ːɑ̝-]


tsetta-

[ˈts̠e̞t̪ːɑ̝-]

Internationalism (see English zetta-), ultimately from Latin septem.


sentti-

Internationalism (see English centi-), ultimately from Latin centum.


desi-

Internationalism (see English deci-), ultimately from Latin decimus.


ophthalmo-

From Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós, “eye”).


ἡμι-

Greek: ημι- (imi-)

→ English: hemi-

→ French: hémi-

→ Spanish: hemi-

From Proto-Indo-European *sēmi (“half”). Cognates include Sanskrit सामि (sāmi), Latin sēmi-, and Old High German sami-.


encephal-

Alternative form of encephalo- (before a vowel)


encephalo-

From en- + cephalo-. From Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos, “brain”) (within the head), from ἐν (en, “in”) + κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”).

Holonym: cephalo-


ro-

He ____ (patient)

It/she ____ him

He ____ him


ro-

From Proto-Celtic *ɸro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forth, forward”), from the root *per- (“to go forth, cross”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πρό (pró), Latin prō, and Old English fram.
In Old Irish ro- is the main preverb used as the augment indicating resultative or potential action. In pre-Old Irish its function was to turn an atelic verb into a telic verb, shown by the fact that certain inherently telic verbs remain immune to augmentation with ro- (or similar preverbs). It can therefore be inferred to have previously been a marker of the perfective aspect, but this can no longer be said to be the case in Old Irish proper.

is in núall do·ngniat hó ru·maith fora naimtea remib

it is the cry that they make [unaugm.] when their enemies are/have been routed [augm.] before them

Is di-sin didiu fu·rráith Fiacc Find Dubthach 7 berrsi Pátricc 7 baitzisi. Du·bbert grád n-epscoip fair conic é epscop insin cita-ru·oirtned la Laigniu 7 du·bbert Pátricc cumtach du Fíacc
It is thereupon, then, that Fiacc the Fair took [unaugm.] the place of Dubthach, and Patrick tonsured [unaugm.] him and baptized [unaugm.] him. He conferred [unaugm.] the order of bishop upon him, so that he is the bishop who was first ordained [augm.] among the Leinstermen, and Patrick gave [unaugm.] a case to Fíacc.

c. early 8th century, Notes in the Book of Armagh, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, pp. 238-43: p. 141.14-16

(with the preterite) forms a non-narrative past tense (sometimes called the perfect, used to denote that an event is to be considered outside of the strictly chronological order)

air ní-ru·guigter gnímai Dé

for the works of God cannot be falsified

ní-ro·héla úait

(with subjunctive) used to change jussive subjunctive into a weaker expression of wish

ro- (“very”) + bec (“small”) → rubec (“very small”)

ro- (“very”) + már (“large”) → romár (“very large”)

ro- (“very”) + ocus (“near”) → ro-ocus (“very near”)

(with an adjective) indicates a high degree: very


ro-

ro- (“pre-”) + ràit (“speaking”) → ro-ràite (“previously mentioned”)

ro- (“pre-”) + suidhich (“arrange”) → ro-shuidhich (“to pre-arrange; to schedule”)

ro- (“very”) + mòr (“large”) → ro-mhòr (“huge; vast”)

ro- (“very”) + tioram (“dry”) → ro-thioram (“very dry; arid”)

ro- (“too”) + bruich (“cooked”) → ro-bhruich (“over-cooked”)

ro- (“too”) + meud (“many; much”) → ro-mheud (“too many; too much”)


mes-

mesenchyma


mes-

From Old French, from Proto-Germanic *missa- (“badly”). Cognates include English mis- and Dutch mis-.


mes-

From Old Occitan [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Germanic *missa- (“badly”). Cognates include French mé- and Dutch mis-.


mes-

Middle French: mes-

French: més-, French: mé-

From Frankish *mis-, from Proto-Germanic *missa- (“badly”). Cognates include English mis- and Dutch mis-.


actino-

From Ancient Greek, the stem of ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray”).


actino-

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray”).

e.g. actinolite, actinomycete

e.g. actinogonidial, actinostele, actinomorphic

(biology) radial geometry, particular radial symmetry

e.g. actinometer, actinochemistry, actinotherapy


actino-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀκτῖνος (aktînos, “ray”).

bor+

(biology) actino- (having a radial form)


amphi-

New Latin amphi- (from Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”))


amphi-

From Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”). Doublet of ambi-.

amphicontinental refers to both sides of a continent (but not in the middle), amphitropical refers to species that live north or south of the equator but not in equatorial regions; amphidisc refers to sponges which have discs on each end, amphicrania is a headache affecting both sides of the head.

Located on the opposite side of, or referring to two distinct sides or ends of a region or object.

amphinucleolus is a nucleolus that has both basophilic and oxyphilic components, amphiphobic is being both hydrophobic and lipophobic, amphithallic is being both homothallic and heterothallic

Either, both; having two distinct properties and able to function as either.

amphimixis is the union of a male gamete and a female gamete, amphidiploid is having a diploid set of chromosomes from each parent, amphisome is an autophagic vacuole formed by fusion of an autophagosome and an endosome.

Merging two forms, and/or the fusion or inheritance that results from the combination.

amphicribral is when the phloem surrounds the xylem, amphigynous refers to when the oogonial stalk is surrounded, amphiphyte is when a plant grows on the surrounding edges of a wetland.

amphiarthrosis is intermediate between synarthrosis and diarthrosis, amphilogy is ambiguous speech, amphigamous is having no distinct sexual organs

Intermediate between two properties or characteristics.

amphibiotic is when organisms live in water while young then on land as adults, amphidromous are when fish travel between fresh and salt water.


amphi-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀμφίς (amphís).


vell-

auðugur (“rich”) → vellauðugur (“very rich”)

ríkur (“rich”) → vellríkur (“very rich”)

heitur (“hot”) → vellheitur (“very hot”)

sjóða (“to boil”) → vellsjóða (“to boil intensely”)

(emphatic) very, intensely, immensely; adds emphasis


gervi-

imitation, artificial, synthetic, pseudo-


tvinn-

tvinnfágað fall

analytic function, complex analytic function, holomorphic function, regular analytic function

tvinnfágað mynstur

analytic structure, complex analytic structure, complex structure

tvinnfágað rúm

analytic space, complex analytic space, complex space

tvinnvíðátta

analytic manifold, complex analytic manifold, complex manifold

tvinntölugilt fall

complex function, complex-valued function

tvinntalnaslétta

Argand plane, complex number plane, Gaussian plane


նի-

From Proto-Armenian *ni-, from Proto-Indo-European *ni (“down”). See also նիստ (nist).


paedo-

(British spelling) alternative spelling of pedo- (“child”)


therio-

/ˈθɪəɹɪə(ʊ)/

Representing the combining form of Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon), diminutive of θήρ (thḗr, “wild beast”).

terio-

Forming compound words having the sense of "wild animal"


herpet-

From the Ancient Greek ἑρπετ- (herpet-), the stem of ἑρπετόν (herpetón, “serpent, creeping animal, reptile”), from ἕρπω (hérpō, “I creep”); compare herpet-².


herpet-

From the Ancient Greek ἑρπητ- (herpēt-), the stem of ἕρπης (hérpēs, “a creeping, shingles”), from ἕρπω (hérpō, “I creep”); compare herpet-¹.


stră-

Shows intensification of verb, superiority, age or remoteness of noun or adjective; also used to show passage or penetration from one side to another.


fiadh-

From or related to Old Irish fíad (“wilderness, wild animals”); related to fiadh (“deer”).


cyt-

cyt- (mutation mutation-radical)
gyt- (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyt- (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyt- (mutation mutation-aspirate)

cyt- + pwys (“pound, weight”) → cytbwys (“balanced”)

cyt- + cân (“song”) → cytgan (“chorus”)

cyt- + tras (“strain, pedigree”) → cytras (“akin, cognate”)


elin-

elin- + aika (“time”) → elinaika (“lifetime”)

elin- + taso (“level”) → elintaso (“standard of living”)

elin- + tila (“space, room”) → elintila (“lebensraum”)


stjúp-

From the Old Norse stjúp-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”). Cognate with the Old English stēop-, Dutch stief- and German stief-, Swedish styv-. More at step-.


poikilo-

From Ancient Greek ποικίλος (poikílos, “spotted, embroidered”).

poikilocapnic, poikilochlorophyllous, poikilothermic

poikiloblast, poikiloderma, poecilosclerid

(sciences) Variegated: streaked, spotted, or otherwise marked with a variety of colour.


Japano-

/d͡ʒəˈpænoʊ/


Nippo-

From Japanese 日本(にっぽん) (Nippon, “Japan”).

So, given their very challenging nature, Nippo-Vietnamese relations must be better analysed, and not merely by a simple monographic study of bilateral relations.

2008, Guy Faure, Laurent Schwab, Japan-Vietnam: A Relation Under Influences, page 4:


strepto-

From Ancient Greek στρεπτός (streptós, “twisted”) from στρέφειν (stréphein, “to twist”), from Proto-Indo-European *streb(h)- (“to wind, turn, twist”).


strepto-

→ Persian: استرپتوـ (esterepto-)

→ Romanian: strepto-

→ Turkish: strepto-

From Ancient Greek στρεπτός (streptós, “twisted”).


strepto-

Borrowed from French strepto-, from Ancient Greek στρεπτός (streptós, “twisted”). Compare Persian استرپتوـ (esterepto-).


argyr-

From the Ancient Greek ἄργῠρος (árguros, “silver, money”).


chylo-

From Ancient Greek χυλός (khulós, “juice of an animal”).


heort-

From the Ancient Greek ἑορτή (heortḗ, “feast”).

(rare, chiefly Christianity) (religious) feast


thaumato-

From Ancient Greek θαυματ- (thaumat-), combining form of θαῦμα (thaûma, “miracle”).

thaumatology


ergato-

From Ancient Greek ἐργάτης (ergátēs, “workman”).

der

ergatocracy

ergatomorphic

ergatogyne

ergatoid


adipo-

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin adeps.

(anatomy, medicine, usually) fat, as fat tissue or fat cells.

(anatomy, medicine) fat, as a form of lipid, either contained in such tissue, free/unbound, or carried in circulation by lipoproteins.


adipo-

(anatomy, medicine) adipo- (relating to fat)


franken-

Back-formation from Frankenstein. The prefix references the 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, in which the mad scientist Victor Frankenstein creates a monster out of various human body parts.

Indicating artificiality or a combination of disparate elements, often terrifying or unattractive; often denoting a GMO ("genetically modified organism") product.

Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus
Victor Frankenstein


επι-

Inherited from the Ancient Greek ἐπῐ- (epi-), a prefix derived from the preposition ἐπί (epí, “upon, on”).

επι- (epi-) + βλέπω (vlépo, “to see”) → επιβλέπω (epivlépo, “to oversee, to supervise”)

επι- (epi-) + δοκιμάζω (dokimázo, “to test”) → επιδοκιμάζω (epidokimázo, “to approve”)

επι- (epi-) + αναλαμβάνω (analamváno, “to take”) → επαναλαμβάνω (epanalamváno, “to repeat”)


porn-

Alternative form of porno- used before a vowel.


pali-

From Ancient Greek πάλι (páli), πάλιν (pálin, “again”).

palilalia


tra-

Inherited from Latin trāns (“across, beyond”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“through, throughout, over”). Doublet of tras- and trans-.


tra-

From Latin trāns (“across, beyond”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“through, throughout, over”). Doublet of trans-.


tra-

tra- (mutation mutation-radical)
dra- (mutation mutation-soft)
nhra- (mutation mutation-nasal)
thra- (mutation mutation-aspirate)

tra- + dwy (“two”) → tradwy (“in three days time”)

tra- + môr (“sea”) → tramor (“abroad”)

tra- + plith (“middle, midst”) → traphlith (“topsy-turvy, in confusion”)

tra- + pont (“bridge”) → traphont (“viaduct”)

tra- + chwant (“desire, lust”) → trachwant (“covetousness, greed”)

tra- + ffordd (“road”) → traffordd (“motorway”)


sem-

sēmēsus


coen-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek κοινός (koinós, “common”).


brady-

From Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow”).


typhl-

From the Ancient Greek τῠφλός (tuphlós, “blind”).


typhl-

From the Ancient Greek τῠφλόν (tuphlón, “cæcum”, “blind gut”), the neuter form of τῠφλός (tuphlós, “blind”), whence typhl-¹.

uder

perityphlitic

perityphlitis (medicine, chiefly historical) →


thanato-

Combining form of Ancient Greek θάνατος (thánatos, “death”).

死

forming compound words indicating "death"


thanato-

From Ancient Greek θάνατος (thánatos, “death”).


ferda-

From ferðar-, from genitive singular of ferð.

prefix used to create nouns pertaining to travels and journeys; e.g. ferdamann m ("traveller")


sphygm-

From the Ancient Greek σφυγμός (sphugmós, “pulse”), from σφύζω (sphúzō, “I beat”, “I throb”).

(medicine and physiology) pulse, pulsation (of blood delivered by the beating heart)


몰

몰— (canonical)
mol- (romanization)
沒 (hanja)

몰(沒) (mol, “lacking”) + 상식(常識) (sangsik, “common sense”) → 몰상식(沒常識) (molsangsik, “lack of common sense”)

the hanja entry at 沒 for Sino-Korean compounds of 몰


mela-

From Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “black, dark”).


cách

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cách.wav

dù có cố gắng cách mấy...

(in certain expression, often literary) Forming intensifiers preceding certain particles and quantifiers


cách

cách điện

cách nhiệt

cách âm


âm

-10° (âm 10 độ)
-10° (minus/negative 10 degrees [Celsius])


po-

po- + žádat → požádat (“to ask”)

po- + přemítat (“reflect on sth”) → popřemítat si (“reflect for some time”)

(as an imperfective verb) (often used with se or si) intensification: added to mean to do X during a certain time period (rather calmly, enjoying it)

po- + Balt + -í → Pobaltí (“the Baltics, Baltic states”)

po- + Dněstr + -í → Podněstří (“Transnistria, Pridnestrovie”)

po- + hranice + -í → pohraničí (“borderland, frontier”)

po- + moře + -an + -sko → Pomořansko (“Pomerania”)

po- + Rúr + -í → Porúří (“Ruhr district”)

po- + Rýn + -í → Porýní (“Rhineland”)

po- + voda + -í → povodí (“drainage basin”)


po-

vendi pogrande

la ponumera prezo

poiom

A prefix having a similar distributive meaning as the preposition po.


po-

From Proto-Italic *po, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó, zero-grade of *h₂epo (whence ab).


po-

Polish: po-

po- + karmić → pokarmić


po-

Inherited from Old Polish po-, from Proto-Slavic *po-.

po- + narzekać → ponarzekać

po- + nalepiać → ponalepiać

prepended to imperfective verbs to form iterative perfectives

po- + grzebać → pogrzebać

prepended to imperfective verbs to create semelfactive perfectives

po- + świat → poświata

po- + morze → Pomorze

po- + dół → Podole

po- + granica → pogranicze

po- + jezioro → pojezierze


po-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *po-, from *po, whence also comes the Serbo-Croatian preposition po.

perfective aspect
perfective aspect#English


po-

From Proto-Slavic *po-. Prefixed form of the preposition po.

po- + jẹ́sti (“to eat”) → pojẹ́sti (“to eat”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

po- + spáti (“to sleep”) → pospáti (“to sleep for a while”)

po- + gubīti (“to lose”) → pogubīti (“to lose one after another”)


Catalano-

Relating to Catalan culture, Catalan people or the Catalan language.


nguyên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 元 (“first; former”), from Literary Chinese 元 (yuán). The monetary sense is from modern Mandarin 元 (yuán), which was artificially made into a simplified form of 圓／圆 (yuán, viên). Compare Sino-Japanese 元 (gen, “yuan”) and native Japanese 元 (moto-, “former”).

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nguyên.wav

nguyên Chủ tịch nước…

nguyên Tổng bí thư…

giải nguyên

(historical) first place provincial imperial exam winner

khôi nguyên

(historical) first place imperial exam winner

nguyên niên

(historical) first year of an imperial era


pene-

Almost the thing or quality expressed by the root, as peneplain (almost a plain), peninsula (almost an island), penultimate (almost the last), penumbra (almost in shadow).


siêu

siêu máy tính

siêu văn bản

siêu nhân

Siêu Nhân


féin-

féin- (mutation mutation-radical)
fhéin- (lenition mutation)
bhféin- (eclipsis mutation)


hene-

hene-barrantys, self-confidence

hene-enney, self-knowledge

hene-ghraih, self-love

hene-ghraihagh, narcissistic


đức

Đức Khổng Tử/Phật/Giê-su Ki-tô/Chúa Trời/Giê-hô-va

Confucius/the Buddha/Jesus Christ/the Lord/Jehovah

Đức Mẹ/Bà

(chiefly capitalised) Used for respected figures


phản

Sino-Vietnamese word from 反 (“opposite; to betray”).

phản tác dụng

phản hạt

phản quác


kính

Sino-Vietnamese word from 敬 (“to respect”).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-kính.wav

Kính chào quý khách.

Kính mời ngài đến dự tiệc cưới của con chúng tôi.

You are cordially invited to our children's wedding.

Kính chúc ông bà mạnh khoẻ, sống lâu.

We wish you good health and a long life.

(honorific, before verbs) respectfully; cordially


danh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 名 (“name”).
See nhất for explanation of the initial.

danh hoạ

danh ca

danh hài

(before Chinese-origin syllables, only in fixed compounds) famous; well-known; renowned


trưởng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trưởng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 長. Doublet of trường.

trưởng thôn

trưởng nhóm


comh-

comh- (mutation mutation-radical)
chomh- (lenition mutation)
gcomh- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish com-, from Proto-Celtic *kom-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”). Compare Welsh cyf-, Latin com-.


thân

Sino-Vietnamese word from 親 (“close; pro-”).

thân Mĩ/Pháp/Nhật


fóta-

fóta- (mutation mutation-radical)
fhóta- (lenition mutation)
bhfóta- (eclipsis mutation)

From the combining form φωτ- (phōt-) of Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs, “light”).


bồ

Might be related to the prefixal element in bồ cào, bồ hóng, and bồ nhìn/bù nhìn.

bồ câu (“dove, pigeon”)

bồ nông (“pelican”)

bồ các (“Eurasian magpie”)

bồ cắt (“falcon”)

bồ cốc (“cormorant”)

bồ chao (“white-crested laughing-thrush”)

(non-productive) used to form birds' names


quarter-

A quarter-century is twenty-five years.

A quarter-day is one terminating a quarter of the year.

“When I say mind,” said the blood relation, “I refer to the quarter-teaspoonful of brain which you might possibly find in her head if you sank an artesian well.”

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

A quarter: either a fourth part, or a three-month term.


toàn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 全.
The expected reflex of the Middle Chinese form would be tuyền (cf. 緣 (MC ywen) > duyên, 川 (MC tsyhwen) > xuyên, 專 (MC tsywen) > chuyên); đen tuyền (“deep black”) is the singular case where its usage persists in all dialects. The now dominant form toàn is a Northern innovation, displaced the earlier common form tuyền. Aside from the aforementioned exception, the form tuyền was still used to some extent in the Southern dialects until the 20th century (both as a stand-alone morpheme and in compounds such as vẹn tuyền).
toàn (tŏàn) as a reading of 全 (MC dzjwen) is attested once, in quan tŏàn ſát (“supreme judicial officer”) in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary chiefly based on the Northern dialects, while tuyèn is attested thrice (once as header, twice in ſao᷄ tuyèn, an indirect predecessor of modern song toàn). In Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum (1838), a dictionary based chiefly on the Southern dialects, the form toàn has no entry, while tuyền is abundantly attested.
The Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651) has this about the similar sounding word tiền:
1651, Alexandre de Rhodes, Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum [Vietnamese-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary]:
[…] quia quædam Gubernatrix exempli cauſa habuit ab infantia nomen, tién^([sic]), quòd monetam ſignificat, non licet in domo illius, neque extra domum, eius domeſticis vti nomine, tièn, ſed debent dicere, tŏàn […]
 […] because a certain Governor, for example, had from her childhood the name tién^([sic]), which means "money", neither in her house nor outside of it, is it allowed for [other people] to use the name tièn, but they must say tŏàn […]

quote-book

[…] quia quædam Gubernatrix exempli cauſa habuit ab infantia nomen, tién^(􂃖sic􂃗), quòd monetam ſignificat, non licet in domo illius, neque extra domum, eius domeſticis vti nomine, tièn, ſed debent dicere, tŏàn […]

[…] because a certain Governor, for example, had from her childhood the name <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tién</i>^(􂃖sic􂃗), which means "money", neither in her house nor outside of it, is it allowed for 􂀿other people􂁀 to use the name tièn, but they must say tŏàn […]

toàn khu vực

toàn công ti

tuyền

originally common between all dialects, latter Southern Vietnam


aon-

aon- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aon- (eclipsis mutation)
haon- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-aon- (mutation prothesis-t)


lexico-

From Ancient Greek λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγειν (légein, “to speak”).


bain-

bain- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhain- (lenition mutation)
mbain- (eclipsis mutation)

bain- + inscne (“gender”) → baininscne (“feminine gender”)


bain-

bain- + tighearna (“lord”) → baintighearna (“lady”)


próta-

próta- (mutation mutation-radical)
phróta- (lenition mutation)
bpróta- (eclipsis mutation)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-).


asuin-

asuinrakennus

asuinpaikka

asuintila


नि

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ní, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ní, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ni (thus ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én). Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬌 (ni), German nieder, English nether, beneath.


ψευδο-

→ English: pseudo-

→ French: pseudo-

→ German: pseudo-

Greek: ψευδο- (psevdo-)

→ Irish: súid-


ψευδο-

ψευδο- (psevdo-) + μάρτυρας (mártyras, “witness”) → ψευδομάρτυρας (psevdomártyras, “false witness, perjurer”)

pseudo-, false, unauthentic, fake, counterfeit

ψευδο- (psevdo-) + προφήτης (profítis, “prophet”) → ψευδοπροφήτης (psevdoprofítis, “false prophet”)

ψευδο- (psevdo-) + πάτωμα (pátoma, “floor”) → ψευδοπάτωμα (psevdopátoma, “subfloor”)

ψευδό- (psevdó-) + τίτλος (títlos, “title”) → ψευδότιτλος (psevdótitlos, “half title”)

ψευδ- (psevd-) + άργυρος (árgyros, “silver”) → ψευδάργυρος (psevdárgyros, “zinc”)

(chemistry) isomeric, having similar properties


ríomh-

From ríomh (“enumeration, calculation”), from Old Irish rím, from Proto-Celtic *rīmā (“number”) (compare Welsh rhif).


magán

Superseded spelling of magán- (“private[ly]”).


visco-

(physics) relating to viscosity; viscous


theo-

From Latin theo- (“god”), combining form of theos (“god”); from Ancient Greek θεό- (theó-, “god”), combining form of θεός (theós, “god”).


theo-

From Ancient Greek θεό- (theó-, “god”), combining form of θεός (theós, “god”).


παρά-

παρα- παρα-#Greek


τηλ-

τηλαισθησία n (tilaisthisía)

τηλαυγής n (tilavgís)

τηλε- τηλε-#Greek

Alternative form of τηλε- (tile-) (before a vowel)


τηλέ-

Τηλέμαχος m (Tilémachos) (Telemachus)

τηλέμετρο n (tilémetro) (rangefinder)

τηλέτυπο n (tilétypo) (telex, teletype)

τηλέφωνο n (tiléfono) (telephone)

τηλε- τηλε-#Greek

identical form of τηλε- (tile-) with accent


bile-

From Proto-Germanic *bili- (prefix), *biliz (“gentle, kind, fitting”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰil- (“decent, good, harmonious, friendly”). Cognate with Old Saxon bili- (“uniform”), Old High German bili- (“suitable, proper, fit”), Ancient Greek φίλο- (phílo-, “friendly, kind, love of”). More at philosophy.

cog

bile- + witt (“mind, understanding, sense, sanity”) → bilewit (“merciful, kind”)

bile- + hwīt (“white”) → bilehwīt (“pure, honest, sincere”)


forth-

From Middle English forth-, from Old English forþ- (“forth, forward, further, away, continually”), from Proto-West Germanic *forþ, from Proto-Germanic *furþą (“forth, forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *prto-. More at forth.


forth-

English: forth-

From Old English forþ-, from Proto-Germanic *furþą (“forth”). More at forth.


príomh-

príomh- (mutation mutation-radical)
phríomh- (lenition mutation)
bpríomh- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish prím-, from prím (“first, primary”) (compare Scottish Gaelic prìomh-, Manx preeu-, Welsh prif-), from Latin prīmus.


pneumon-

Alternative form of pneumono- (before a vowel)


kimppa-

kimppakyyti

kimppasynttärit

kimppakiva


pneum-

Alternative form of pneumo- before a vowel


pneumat-

Alternative form of pneumato- before a vowel


αγριό-

αγριο- αγριο-#Greek


αγρι-

αγριο- αγριο-#Greek


αγριο-

From Ancient Greek ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild, fierce”).

der

αγριο- (agrio-) + κατσίκι (katsíki, “goat”) → αγριοκάτσικο (agriokátsiko, “wild goat”)

αγριο- (agrio-) + χόρτο (chórto, “plant”) → αγριόχορτο (agrióchorto, “weed”)

expressing: a wild, uncultivated form of its affix.

αγριο- (agrio-) + μιλώ (miló, “to speak”) → αγριομιλώ (agriomiló, “to speak harshly”)

expressing: wildness, roughness, unruliness, crudity


prìomh-

From Old Irish prím-, prím (“first, primary”) (compare Irish príomh-, Manx preeu-), from Latin prīmus.

primary, principal, first, prime, main, chief


prím-

Irish: príomh-

Manx: preeu-

Scottish Gaelic: prìomh-

prím- (mutation mutation-radical)
phrím- (mutation mutation-nasal)
or unchanged (mutation mutation-nasal)
prím- (mutation)

From prím (“first, primary”), from Latin prīmus.

foremost, chief, principal, prime (in quality), eminent


preeu-

preeu- (mutation mutation-radical)
phreeu- (lenition mutation)
breeu- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish prím- (compare Irish príomh-, Scottish Gaelic prìomh-), from prím (“first, primary”), from Latin prīmus.


magnet-

Partially from μᾰ́γνητ- (mágnēt-), the stem of the Ancient Greek μᾰ́γνης (mágnēs, “magnet”), and partially a combining form of the English magnet.


αερ-

αερο- αερο-#Greek


αερό-

αερο- αερο-#Greek


αερο-

αερο- (aero-) + θερμός (thermós, “warm”) → αερόθερμο (aeróthermo, “fan heater”)

αερο- (aero-) + μεταφέρω (metaféro, “transfer, bear”) → αερομεταφερόμενος (aerometaferómenos, “airborne”)

αερο- (aero-) + φρένο (fréno, “brake”) → αερόφρενο (aerófreno, “air brake”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected with the air, the atmosphere or the wind:

αερο- (aero-) + πλοίο (ploío, “ship”) → αερόπλοιο (aeróploio, “airship”)

αερο- (aero-) + γραμμή (grammí, “line”) → αερογραμμή (aerogrammí, “airline”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected with aviation; aero-:

αερο- (aero-) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, word”) → αερολογία (aerología, “drivel, nonsense”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected with airiness or emptiness:


অ-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अ- (a-). Doublet of অন- (on-).

অভাব (obhab), অসৎ (ośot)

a-, an-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, -less, mal-, mis-, non-, un-


আ-

Inherited from Sanskrit अ- (a-), with lengthening due to initial stress.


ornitho-

From Ancient Greek ὄρνιθ- (órnith-), the stem of ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”).


pachy-

From Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús, “thick”).


frilufts-

From fri + luft, used in compound words.


ceann-

ceann- (mutation mutation-radical)
cheann- (lenition mutation)
gceann- (eclipsis mutation)


veder-

In most cases the same as German preposition wider (“against, versus”).
In some compounds, rather wieder (“again”).
Possibly also weder (“either, neither, whether”).

Vedermöda, vederlägga och vedergälla är vedertagna ord som kan verka vederkvickande vid vederbörlig användning. Vedervärdig och vederstygglig är i ymnigt bruk, vilket knappast längre kan sägas om vederfara, vedervåga och vedermäle.


av-

From Old Norse af-, from Proto-Germanic *aba-.


av-

off, from, down (see adjective, adverb av, German ab-, Danish af-)


heli-

helico-

indirectly related through the root for spiral/helix


sheer-

sheer- (mutation mutation-radical)
heer- (lenition mutation)
after "yn" (lenition mutation)
çheer- (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish sír (“lasting, constant”) (compare Irish síor-, Scottish Gaelic sìor-).

continuous, endless, permanent, interminable, perpetual, ceaseless, persistent, lasting, continual, unending, constant


tessara-

From the Ancient Greek τέσσᾰρᾰ (téssara), the neuter plural and combining form of τέσσᾰρες (téssares, “four”); compare tetra-.


kül-

kül- + város (“city”) → külváros (“suburb”)

kül- + föld (“land”) → külföld (“foreign countries”)

(noun prefix) external, foreign, outside of something


by-

From Middle English by (“town”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse býr (“dwelling, town”), from Proto-Germanic *būwiz (“dwelling”). Cognate with Danish by (“town”). More at bower.

bylaw

(now mostly non-productive) Town or city.


by-

Partly from a combining form of by (“by, near, around”), and partly continuing Middle English bi-, by-, from Old English bī- (“by, near, around”), from Proto-Germanic *bi- (“by-”). Cognate with Dutch bij-, German bei-.

bystander, bypass

by-product, byform, by-path


by-

English: by-, be-

Scots: by-, be-

Inherited from Old English bī-, from bī (Middle English by); compare bi-.

A prefix forming nouns, often denoting adjacency, position, or relation.; near, around


medel-

See the noun medel. Originally an adjective, now extinct, lives on as a prefix.


irid-

From stem of Ancient Greek of ἶρις (îris, “the rainbow; colored circle, colored portion of the eye, something bent or curved”).


ga-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ga-
Old English: ġe-
Middle English: ȝe-, i-, y-
English: a-, y-, i- (obsolete)
Old Frisian: ge-, gi-, je-, ie-, e-, i-, a-
Saterland Frisian: ge-
West Frisian: ge-
Old Saxon: gi-, i-, ge-, ga-
Middle Low German: ge-
Low German: ge-, e-, je-
Old Dutch: gi-, ge-
Middle Dutch: ghe-, ge-, (West-Flanders) i-, y-
Dutch: ge-
Afrikaans: ge-
West Flemish: ge-, e-
Old High German: gi-, ga-, ki-, ka-
Middle High German: ge-
Alemannic German: g- or ge- (euphonic)
Bavarian: g-
German: ge-
Luxembourgish: ge-
Vilamovian: gy-
Yiddish: גע־ (ge-)

Old Norse: g- (non-productive)

⇒ Old Norse: gnógr, glíkr, greiðr, greiða, granni

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)

Vandalic: *ga-

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, near, by, along”). Cognate with Latin co-, con-, prefix forms of cum (“with”). The irregular change from expected **ha- to *ga- is probably due to the unstressed nature of this prefix.

der

Indicates association or togetherness; co-.

Indicates completeness or wholeness. In verbs, also indicates perfectivity (a finished action).


ga-

head

ga- (contemplative maga-, mag-, imperative pag-)

maga- (contemplative)
mag- (contemplative)
pag- (imperative)

Galuto ko og utan


ga-

Possibly related to gaya (“like; imitated”).

ga- + bahay (“house”) → gabahay (“as big as a house”)

ga- + bundok (“mountain”) → gabundok (“as big as a mountain”)

used to indicate of a similarly big size: as big as; as large as

ga- + nito (“this”) → ganito (“like this”)

ga- + niyan (“that”) → ganiyan (“like that”)

used to indicate similarity: like; similar to


ga-

ga- + -nu (“this, these”) → ganu (“these (class 6)”)

[[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_6|class 6]] pronominal concord

ga- + -kora (“to do”) → gakora (“they (class 6) do”)

they; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_6|class 6]] subject concord

ga- + -ha (“to give”) → gaha (“give them (class 6)”)

positive imperative form of -ga- (“them; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_6|class 6]] object concord”)


ga-

desctree

Old English: ġe-
Middle English: ȝe-, i-, y-
English: a-, y-, i- (obsolete)

desc

Old Frisian: ge-, gi-, je-, ie-, e-, i-, a-

Saterland Frisian: ge-

West Frisian: ge-

desctree

Old Saxon: gi-, i-, ge-, ga-
Middle Low German: ge-
Low German: ge-, e-, je-

Old Dutch: gi-, ge-
Middle Dutch: ghe-, ge-, (West-Flanders) i-, y-
Dutch: ge-
Afrikaans: ge-
West Flemish: ge-, e-

Old High German: gi-, ga-, ki-, ka-
Middle High German: ge-
Alemannic German: g- or ge- (euphonic)
Bavarian: g-
German: ge-
Luxembourgish: ge-
Vilamovian: gy-
Yiddish: גע־ (ge-)

used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfectivity

forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co-

forms nouns and verbs with the sense of "result" or "process"

past participles
past participle#English

forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs


tekno-

Internationalism (see English techno-), ultimately from Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē).


haza-

From haz, an older form of ház (“house, home”) + -a.

haza- + megy (“to go”) → hazamegy (“to go home”)

(verbal prefix) home (it indicates one's home or country)


bun-

(except of d, s, t) (triggers-lenition)
bun- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhun- (lenition mutation)
mbun- (eclipsis mutation)

basic, fundamental, primary, ultimate, original, base, elementary


bun-

bun- (mutation mutation-radical)
vun- (lenition mutation)
mun- (eclipsis mutation)


hopl-

From the Ancient Greek ὅπλον (hóplon, “weapon; piece of armour”); related to hoplite.


hopl-

From the Ancient Greek ὁπλή (hoplḗ, “hoof”).


magico-

Combining form of Latin magicus (“magic”).

panaceas, martial amulets, unguentum armarium, balsams, strange extracts, elixirs, and such-like magico-magnetical cures.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 2, member 4:


hermi-

Compare the verb herma (“to mimic”) and the noun hermir (“a simulator”).


athero-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ἀθάρη (athárē, “gruel”).

(medicine) arterial conditions that are characterised by gruel-like lesions


hippo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos).


dolicho-

New Latin, from Ancient Greek δολιχός (dolikhós)

Used to form taxonomic names, usually of genera; long-.


hylo-

hylo- + biologia → hylobiologia


dactylo-

New Latin dactylo- (from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”))


dactylo-

From Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).


mast-

From Ancient Greek μάσταξ (mástax, “jaws, what chews”).


mast-

From Ancient Greek μαστός (mastós, “breast”).

Relating to homologous mammary organs, such as udders.


ichno-

From Ancient Greek ἴχνος (íkhnos, “footprint”).


ichthyo-

From Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús, “fish”).


oneiro-

From Ancient Greek ὄνειρος (óneiros, “dream”).


kerato-

From Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras, “horn”).


mon-

ewü (first-person pronoun)
y- (first-person)
ü- (first-person)
u- (first-person)
w- (agent first-person transitive)
w- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
wi- (agent first-person transitive)
wi- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
küwü (dual first-person inclusive pronoun)
k- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
k- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
k- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
kü- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
kü- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ku- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ku- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ki- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ki- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
k- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kii- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ki- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
amödö (pronoun second-person)
ö- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ö- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ö- (patient second-person transitive)
ö- (possessive second-person)
ö- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
öy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
öy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
öy- (patient second-person transitive)
öy- (possessive second-person)
öy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ödh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ödh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ödh- (patient second-person transitive)
ödh- (possessive second-person)
ödh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
o- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
o- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
o- (patient second-person transitive)
o- (possessive second-person)
o- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
oy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
oy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
oy- (patient second-person transitive)
oy- (possessive second-person)
oy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
odh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
odh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
odh- (patient second-person transitive)
odh- (possessive second-person)
odh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
a- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
a- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
a- (patient second-person transitive)
a- (possessive second-person)
a- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ay- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ay- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ay- (patient second-person transitive)
ay- (possessive second-person)
ay- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
adh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
adh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
adh- (patient second-person transitive)
adh- (possessive second-person)
adh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
m- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
m- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
mi- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
mi- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
nña (dual exclusive first-person pronoun)
y- (dual exclusive first-person)
dh- (dual exclusive first-person)
ch- (dual exclusive first-person)
i- (dual exclusive first-person)
chö- (direct-object dual exclusive first-person postpositional)
n- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
n- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ni- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ni- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
tüwü (pronoun third-person)
y- (third-person)
dh- (third-person)
ch- (third-person)
i- (third-person)
chö- (direct-object postpositional third-person)
n- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
ni- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
tüwü (distant-past past pronoun)
kün- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kün- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kun- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kun- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kin- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kin- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ken- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ken- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
küm- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
küm- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kum- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kum- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kim- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kim- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kini- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kini- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
t- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
t- (possessive reflexive)
t- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tü- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tü- (possessive reflexive)
tü- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tu- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tu- (possessive reflexive)
tu- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
ti- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
ti- (possessive reflexive)
ti- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
te- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
te- (possessive reflexive)
te- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
öö- (agent patient reciprocal transitive)
öö- (agent-like intransitive patient-like reciprocal)
öö- (direct-object postpositional reciprocal)
mön- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mön- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
k- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
k- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)

Allomorph of mön- (first-person agent/second-person patient prefix) used for stems that begin with anything but j and have a first vowel o.


panto-

From Ancient Greek παντ- (pant-), combining form of πᾶς (pâs, “all”).


pterido-

From Ancient Greek πτέρις (ptéris, “fern”).


spondylo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek σπόνδυλος (spóndulos).

(biology, medicine) Vertebra; vertebral column (spine, spinal).


taxi-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis, “arrangement, ordering”).


taxi-

bor+

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis, “arrangement, ordering”)


K-

K-beauty, K-drama, K-pop

Korean; used to denote nouns relating to the (popular) culture of South Korea.


K-

Used to refer South Korean things or culture that have become popular abroad, especially by government and media for promotional purposes. Usually attached to English loans.

(sarcastic, neologism, Internet slang) Used ironically to refer to something undesirable about South Korea. [since 2020]


síor-

síor- (mutation mutation-radical)
shíor- (lenition mutation)
tsíor- (lenition mutation)

From síor (“eternal, perpetual; continual”), from Old Irish sír (“lasting, constant”) (compare Manx sheer-, Scottish Gaelic sìor-).

síorchaint

(act of) talking continually; never-ending talk

síoraí

eternal, perpetual; unceasing, continual; constant, persevering


wither-

From Middle English wither-, from Old English wiþer- (“again, against”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiþra-, from Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against, toward”), from Proto-Indo-European *wī-tero- (“further apart”), *wī- (“separate, alone”). Cognate with Low German wedder (“against”), Dutch weer (“again, back”), German wider (“against, contrary to”), wieder (“again”). More at with.

der

(now chiefly UK dialectal, Scotland) Prefix meaning: "against", "in opposition to"; "in return"; "counter-"; "contrary (to)"; "in the opposite direction (of or to)"; "backwards".


dí-

dí- (mutation mutation-radical)
dhí- (lenition mutation)
ndí- (eclipsis mutation)


dí-

From Proto-Celtic *dī-, from Proto-Indo-European *de; cognate with Latin dē-.


meán-

meán- (mutation mutation-radical)
mheán- (lenition mutation)


द्वि

head

द्वि • (dvi)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-. See द्व (dva) for more.


सु-

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀼- (su-), from Sanskrit सु- (su-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-. Also borrowed from Sanskrit सु- (su-) in many cases.

सु- (su-) + कर्म (karm, “deed”) → सुकर्म (sukarm, “a good deed”)


सु-

Devanagari script form of su- (“good”) ("pure" )


सु-

Pali: su-

→ Assamese: সু- (xu-)

→ Bengali: সু- (śu-)

→ Burmese: သု (su.)

→ Punjabi: ਸੁ- (su-)

→ Telugu: సు- (su-)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-
Sanskrit सु- (su-)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

etymon

सु- (su-) + गन्ध (gandha, “smell”) → सुगन्ध (sugandha, “good smell, perfume”)


ander-

From Proto-West Germanic *anþar, from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz (“other, back, in return”). Compare Old Norse endr- (“re-”).

der

anderġilde

denoting reversal or something done in return


för-

From Old Norse for-, fyr-, fir-, Proto-Germanic *fra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before, in front of”).

förort

förfader

förhud

förhistoria

förindustriell

fördom

förbeställa

fore-, pre-, before; related to German vor-, emphasis on 1st syllable, see also före-

en-, up, be-, an intensifier; related to German ver-, emphasis on 2nd syllable


trí-

From trí (“three”) (compare Manx tree-).


אנטי־

he-prefix

אַנְטִי־ • (anti-)

אַנְטִי־ (canonical)
anti- (romanization)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

אנטישמי

אנטי־חומר — anti-khomer — antimatter

אנטי גיבור — ánti gibór — antihero

כאתאיסטים ואנטי-מיליטריסטים, צמחונים ואנטי-אלכוהוליסטים, […]
k'ate'ístim v'anti-militarístim, tsimkhoním v'anti-alkoholístim, […]

2011 October 19, Dalia Karpel (דליה קרפל), “סיפורו המופלא של ההולנדי מהגליל, שעד יום מותו לא ידע שהוא יהודי”, (sipúr hamuflá shél haholándi meihagalíl, she'ád yóm motó ló yadá shehú y'hudí, “The amazing story of the Dutchman from the Galilee, who died never knowing that he was Jewish”), in Haaretz online

As atheists and anti-militarists, vegetarians and anti-alcoholists, […]

Anti-: forming words and compounds indicating antagonism, hostility, complementarity, reversal, and so on.


ημι-

From Ancient Greek ἥμισυς (hḗmisus, “half”).

ημι- (imi-) + σφαίρα (sfaíra, “sphere”) → ημισφαίριο (imisfaírio, “hemisphere”)

ημι- (imi-) + όροφος (órofos, “floor”) → ημιόροφος (imiórofos, “mezzanine”)

ημι- (imi-) + αστέρας (astéras, “star”) → ημιαστέρας (imiastéras, “quasar”)


ał-

ałkʼi

áłká

ałkééʼ

ałkʼijįʼ

ałchʼįʼ

ałhaa

ałhąąh

ałkʼiijééʼ


hi-

to eliminate or remove what is given in the root word


hi-

Borrowed from English he- as in "he-ass", "he-bear", "he-bitch", "he-goat", "he-wolf".


ji-

jino jipya

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ji class_((V))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix

ji- + mtu (“person”) → jitu (“giant”)

augmentative prefix used with monosyllabic stems, puts words in [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ji class_((V))]]


ji-

verb-initial form of -ji- (“oneself, -self; reflexive direct object”)

For a full table including other classes


ji-

Borrowed from English she- as in "she-ass", "she-bear", "she-bitch", "she-goat", "she-wolf", "She-Ra".


περί-

περι- περι-#Greek

identical form of περι- (peri-) with accent


περι-

→ English: peri-

περι- (peri-) + τειχίζω (teikhízō, “build a wall”) → περιτειχίζω (periteikhízō, “build a wall around”)

περι- (peri-) + τρέχω (trékhō, “run”) → περιτρέχω (peritrékhō, “run around”)


περι-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).

der

περι- (peri-) + γράφω (gráfo, “draw, write”) → περιγραφή (perigrafí, “describe”)

περι- (peri-) + φράζω (frázo, “enclose”) → περίφραξη (perífraxi, “fence”)


öko-

From Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”).


myko-

Derived from Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs).

der+

myko- + -logia → mykologia


lounais-

Combining form of lounainen (“southwesterly, southwestern”)


luoteis-

Combining form of luoteinen (“northwesterly, northwestern”)


kaakkois-

[ˈkɑ̝ːkːo̞i̯s̠-]

Combining form of kaakkoinen (“southeasterly, southeastern, southeast”)


koillis-

Combining form of koillinen (“northeastern, northeasterly, northeast”)


haja-

From Proto-Finnic *haja-, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sājan-, *sēaną (compare Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (saian), Swedish så).

hajalla

apart; dispersed, scattered, in pieces; smashed, broken; disassembled

hajalle

apart; dispersed; smashed; broken; disassembled; scattered; in pieces

hajanainen

scattered, dispersed; sporadic; incoherent

hajota

to disperse, scatter, break up, run in all directions

hajottaa

to scatter, disperse, break up, dissipate, drive off, send scurrying


nom-

Representing νομ- (nom-), the stem of the Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “law”).


RS-

(chemistry) both mirror-image forms of a stereocenter, part of a diastereoisomer, when used in a chemical formula or chemical name


(RS)-

(chemistry) both mirror-image forms of a stereocentre, part of a diastereoisomer


DL-

(chemistry) dextrolevo- or race- — both mirror-image forms of an enantiomer; a racemic mix


R-

* (stereochemistry): Abbreviation of Latin rectus (“right”)

(stereochemistry, chemistry) one of two mirror-image forms of a stereocenter, part of a diastereomer

chemical engineering
chemical engineering

(chemical engineering) the prefix indicating a codified refigerant


lævo-

(chemistry) Alternative spelling of levo-


rac-

(chemistry) Alternative form of race-; Denoting a racemic mix or racemate (before a vowel)


race-

(chemistry) Denoting a racemic mix or racemate of enantiomers.


yester-

From Middle English yester-, yister-, from Old English ġeostran-, ġiestran- (“previous day, prior day”), from Proto-Germanic *gistr- (“yesterday”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés (“yesterday”). Compare Dutch gisteren, German gestern (“yesterday”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (gistradagis, “tomorrow”), Latin hesternus (“of yesterday”), Ancient Greek χθές (khthés, “yesterday”), Sanskrit ह्यस् (hyás, “yesterday”). More at yesterday.

cog

(rare) Belonging to the day preceding the present; next before the present.


yester-

English: yester-

From Old English ġeostran-, from Proto-Germanic *gistr-.


tve-

From Old Norse tve-, tví-, from Proto-Germanic *twi-, *twī-.


kolmi-

kolme (“three”) + -i (old suffix used in compounds)


lýsi-

Forritið deilir skránni niður í marga búta (hver er oft um ¼ úr megabæti), býr til torrent-skrá sem inniheldur lýsigögn um bútana, skráarnafn og stærð, sem og upplýsingar um þann eða þá netþjóna sem vinna sem rekjarar.

Icelandic Web of Science: Hvernig virkar torrent? (“How do torrents work?””)

The application splits the file into segments—about one fourth of a megabyte—creates a torrent file containing metadata describing the segments, filename and size along with information about the trackers.


jiarg-

jiarg- (mutation mutation-radical)
yiarg- (lenition mutation)
n'yiarg- (eclipsis mutation)


frith-

frith- (mutation mutation-radical)
fhrith- (lenition mutation)
bhfrith- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish frith- (“counter-, beside, against”), from the verbal nouns of Old Irish verbs like fris·beir, fris·aicci, fris·indlea with the initial preverb fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).


frith-

Middle Irish: frith-

Irish: frith-

Scottish Gaelic: frith-

From Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).


frith-

frith (mutation mutation-radical)
fhrith (lenition mutation)


twiz-

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *twiʀ-, *tuʀ-, *tiʀ-

Old English: te-, ti-, tō-

Middle English: to-

English: to- (obsolete)

Old Frisian: te-, ti-, tō-

Saterland Frisian: tou-

West Frisian: ta-

Old Saxon: te-, ti-, tō

Middle Low German: to-, tô-

German Low German: to-

Old Dutch: *ti-, *tō

Middle Dutch: te-, toe-

Dutch: (obsolete) te-, toe-

Old High German: zi-, zir-, zar-, zur-

Middle High German: zer-, zur-, zu-

German: zer-, zu-

Yiddish: צע־ (tse-)

Gothic: 𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃- (twis-)

>? Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-)

From Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Cognates include Latin dis-, Ancient Greek δίς (dís) and Sanskrit द्वीह् (dvīh).


uz-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀ-
Old English: or-
Middle English: or-
English: or-
Old Frisian: or-
Saterland Frisian: uur-
West Frisian: oar-
Old Saxon: ur-, or-
Middle Low German: or-
German Low German: oor-
Old Dutch: ur-, or-
Middle Dutch: or-, oor-
Dutch: oor-
Old High German: ur-
Middle High German: ur-
German: ur-
→ English: ur-
→ Dutch: oer-
Yiddish: אור־ (ur-)

Old Norse: ør-

Swedish: ur-

Norwegian Bokmål: ur-

Norwegian Nynorsk: ur-

Danish: ur-

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃- (us-)

From Proto-Indo-European *ud-s- (“up, out”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“up, out”); or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-s- (“off, from”), related to Latin au-, Sanskrit अव- (ava-, “off, down”). Etymologically identical with Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).


uz-

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'on', 'onto', 'over', 'above' (like German auf- or Russian на- (na-)).


uz-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъz (Russian воз- (voz-), Polish wz-). Cognate with Lithuanian už.


uz-

From the adverb uz, which was only found in the fossilized idiom az gitmek, uz gitmek. Revitalized as a prefix during the Language Reform

uz- + görü (“sight”) → uzgörü (“foresight”)

uz- + iletişim (“communication”) → uziletişim (“telecommunication”)


ביו־

בִּיּוֹ־ (canonical)
biyo- (romanization)
bio- (romanization)


acra-

acra- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-acra- (eclipsis mutation)
hacra- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-acra- (mutation prothesis-t)

From Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros, “highest, at the extremity”).


mona-

mona- (mutation mutation-radical)
mhona- (lenition mutation)

From Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, only, sole, single”).


bith-

From Old Irish bith-, from bith (“world, existence”).

bioth-

before a broad vowel or consonant other than T


bith-

bith- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhith- (lenition mutation)
mbith- (eclipsis mutation)

(biology) Combining form of beatha (“life”): bio-


bith-

bith- (mutation mutation-radical)
bith- (mutation mutation-nasal)
mbith- (mutation)

fírinne apostolorum et omnium iustorum bith-ingabál mundo

the righteousness of the apostles and all just people is a perpetual reproach to the world


t-

Used together with the suffix -í to create feminine agent nouns.


t-

an t-athair

an tAthair

an tseachtain

an tSín

Marker of lenition of s after the definite article


t-

cislocative, indicating motion towards the speaker


t-

head

t- (class A infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)

do·goa (“s/he chooses”) + t- → dot·goa (“s/he chooses you”)

ní·ben (“s/he does not strike”) + t- → nít·ben (“s/he does not strike you”)

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


t-

an t-athair

an t-Athair

an t-seachdain

an t-Sìona


t-

Marks a noun as having a reflexive possessor, referring back to the same entity as another element in the clause.

Marks a postposition as having a reflexive object, referring back to the same entity as another element in the clause.

Marks a verb in a verb form that takes series II markers as having a reflexive argument, referring back to the same entity as another element in the clause.

Marks an unspecified person when obligatorily used with the adverbializers -e, -emje, and -ke, forming circumfixes t- -e, t- -emje, and t- -ke.

Marks a transitive verb as having a third-person patient/object with verb forms that take series II markers for a small group of verbs, namely those whose roots start with a consonantless open syllable ü or ö.


svär-

From Old Swedish svær, from Old Norse *svær, from Proto-Germanic *swehuraz, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros (“father-in-law”).

-in-law; related through marriage, derives from svåger


styv-

From Old Swedish stiūp-, stiūf-, from the Old Norse stjúp-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”).

der

step-; in family relations, represents incompleteness, sharing just one parent


пол-

полвторо́го

half past one (literally, “half of the second”)

полтре́тьего

half past two (literally, “half of the third”)

полчетвёртого

half past three (literally, “half of the fourth”)

полпя́того

half past four (literally, “half of the fifth”)

полшесто́го

half past five (literally, “half of the sixth”)

полседьмо́го

half past six (literally, “half of the seventh”)

полвосьмо́го

half past seven (literally, “half of the eighth”)

полдевя́того

half past eight (literally, “half of the ninth”)

полдеся́того

half past nine (literally, “half of the tenth”)

пол-оди́ннадцатого

half past ten (literally, “half of the eleventh”)

полдвена́дцатого

half past eleven (literally, “half of the twelfth”)

полтрина́дцатого

half past twelve (literally, “half of the thirteenth”)

(takes ordinal adjective in genitive case, produces compound nouns) half past


justitie-

justice, pertaining to law and law enforcement; compounds formed with justis


dà-

dà-chruthach

doubly formed, compounded of two forms, biformed


ärke-

ärke- + biskop (“bishop”) → ärkebiskop (“archbishop”)

arch-; describing seniority or superiority


gyneko-

gynaeco-, gyneco-; pertaining to woman and things female


fysio-

physio-; pertaining to nature, medicine and the human body


kata-

From Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).


kata-

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 片 (hata-)

Kunigami: 片 (hata-)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 片 (xaθa-)

Okinawan: 片 (kata-)

Okinoerabu: 片 (hata-)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 片 (kata-)

Tokunoshima: 片 (kata-)

Yoron: 片 (hata-)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 片 (kata-)

Yaeyama: 片 (kata-)

Yonaguni: 片 (kata-)

From Proto-Japonic *kata- (“one side or part of a pair”).


kata-

Old Japanese: 片 (kata-)

Japanese: 片 (kata-)

desctree

Proto-Ryukyuan: *kata-
Northern Ryukyuan:
Kikai: 片 (hata-)
Kunigami: 片 (hata-)
Northern Amami Ōshima: 片 (xaθa-)
Okinawan: 片 (kata-)
Okinoerabu: 片 (hata-)
Southern Amami Ōshima: 片 (kata-)
Tokunoshima: 片 (kata-)
Yoron: 片 (hata-)
Southern Ryukyuan:
Miyako: 片 (kata-)
Yaeyama: 片 (kata-)
Yonaguni: 片 (kata-)


kosmo-

cosmo-; pertaining to space and the universe


arkeo-

Extracted from Finnish arkeologia; ultimately a learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos).


arkeo-

archaeo-, archeo-; old, ancient, corresponding to Swedish adjective forn-


psyko-

Internationalism (see English psycho-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ).


psyko-

psycho-; pertaining to the mind and mental processes


jafn-

Ég veit ekki af hverju fólk borgar svona mikið fyrir fínan mat — mér finnst þetta alveg jafngott.

I don't know why people dish out so much cash for fancy food—this tastes just as good.


jafn-

Icelandic: jafn-

Norwegian Nynorsk: jam-


idir-

idir- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-idir- (eclipsis mutation)
hidir- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-idir- (mutation prothesis-t)


lexiko-

lexico-; pertaining to words, speech, dictionaries and encyclopedias


capno-

From Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”).


Berkeleio-

Are we entitled, therefore, to force this on the Catholic youth of Ireland, with or without its Berkeleio-Humeian developments, or its farther mystification of German verbiage; or shall we cut it out, and substitute for Locke, and Butler, and Hallam, and Macaulay, “Catholic” History, Metaphysics, and Sociology?

1868, Humphrey LloydJames MacIvorPaul Cullenet al., University Education in Ireland, page 7:


my-

(pre-SI metric prefix, metrology, obsolete) myria- A factor of a myriad (“10,000”).


my-

Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse, mussel, muscle”)


my-

-eusi (“dark”) → myeusi

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|mi class_((IV))]] adjective agreement prefix used before e


chole-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

(anatomy, medicine) Relating to bile pigments.

(anatomy, medicine) Relating to bile ducts.


chole-

chole- + cystografia → cholecystografia


anda-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *anda-
Old English: and-, an-, ond-, on-
English: an-, and-, on-, un-
Old Frisian: *and-, und-, ant-
Saterland Frisian: änt-
West Frisian: unt-, ûnt, ûnd
Old Saxon: and-
Middle Low German: ent-
German Low German: ent-
Old Dutch: ant-
Middle Dutch: ont-, ant-
Dutch: ont-
Afrikaans: ont-
Old High German: ant-, anta-, int-
Middle High German: ent-, -int-, ant-
German: ent-, emp-

Old Norse: and-

Icelandic: and-

Faroese: and-

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰- (anda-), 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-)

Vandalic: *and-

From pre-Germanic *h₂entó-, a combining form or allative formation from the Proto-Indo-European root noun *h₂énts. Cognate with Proto-Tocharian *ā́ntë (“in front of”).


anda-

Old English: and-, an-, ond-, on-

English: an-, and-, on-, un-

Old Frisian: *and-, und-, ant-

Saterland Frisian: änt-

West Frisian: unt-, ûnt, ûnd

Old Saxon: and-

Middle Low German: ent-

German Low German: ent-

Old Dutch: ant-

Middle Dutch: ont-, ant-

Dutch: ont-

Afrikaans: ont-

Old High German: ant-, anta-, int-

Middle High German: ent-, -int-, ant-

German: ent-, emp-


fra-

Proto-West Germanic: *fra-
Old English: for-, fer-, fær-, fier-
Middle English: for-, far-, fer-, vor-
English: for-
Scots: for-
Old Frisian: for-
Saterland Frisian: fer-
West Frisian: for-, fer-
Old Saxon: far-, fir-, for-
Middle Low German: vor-
Low German: for-, ver-
Old Dutch: far-, for-, fer-
Middle Dutch: ver-
Dutch: ver-
Old High German: far-, fir-
Middle High German: ver-
German: ver-
Yiddish: פֿאַר־ (far-)

Old Norse: for-, fyr-, fir-

Icelandic: for-

Norwegian: for-

Swedish: för-

Danish: for-

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰- (fra-)

From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before, in front of”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πρό- (pró-, “in front of”).


fra-

Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀 (fra-)

Northern Kurdish: ra- (preverb)

desctree

Old Persian: 𐎳𐎼 (f-r /fra-/)
Middle Persian: [script needed] (fra-)
Persian: فرـ (far-), Persian: فراـ (farâ-)

Parthian: [script needed] (fra-)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.


fra-

Old English: for-, fer-, fær-, fier-
Middle English: for-, far-, fer-, vor-
English: for-
Scots: for-

Old Frisian: for-

Saterland Frisian: fer-

West Frisian: for-, fer-

Old Saxon: far-, fir-, for-
Middle Low German: vor-
Low German: for-, ver-

Old Dutch: far-, for-, fer-

Middle Dutch: ver-
Dutch: ver-

Old High German: far-, fir-

Middle High German: ver-

German: ver-

Yiddish: פֿאַר־ (far-)

From Proto-Germanic *fra-, merging with *furi- and *firi-.

forms verbs with the sense of "away from" or "off of"

used as an intensifier for adjectives, indicating completeness or fullness


aedoe-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰδοῖα (aidoîa, “privy parts, pudenda”).

bor

The primitive penis — not to be confused with the aedoeagus — […]

1984, Prolegs, legs and wings of insects: Entomonograph, volume 5, page 83:


Græco-

1899: Homer Lyman Bartlett, Græco‐Roman festival, MDCCCXCIX


ȝe-

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of y-, a common Middle English prefix


引き

引き + 続く (tsuzuku) → 引き続く (hikitsuzuku)

引き + 出す (dasu) → 引き出す (hikidasu)

引き + 起こす (okosu) → 引き起こす (hikiokosu)

引き + 受ける (ukeru) → 引き受ける (hikiukeru)

引き + 寄せる (yoseru) → 引き寄せる (hikiyoseru)

used in compound verbs, as an intensifier


phylo-

From Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “tribe, genus, species”).

der

genus, species, when referring to living organisms


gi-

Apparently from an older form gina-. Compare Hiligaynon gina- and dialectal Tagalog ina- which also mark the perfective aspect in non-agent triggers.

Gikaon nako ang mangga (patient trigger)
I ate the mango (mango is focused)

Giadtoan nako ang merkado (locative trigger)

We went to the market (market is focused)

forms the complete aspect in all triggers except the active trigger


gi-

Middle Dutch: ghe-, ge-, (West-Flanders) i-, y-

Dutch: ge-

Afrikaans: ge-

West Flemish: ge-, e-

From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier.


gi-

Middle High German: ge-

Alemannic German: g- or ge- (euphonic)

Bavarian: g-

German: ge-

Luxembourgish: ge-

Vilamovian: gy-

Yiddish: גע־ (ge-)


gi-

Middle Low German: ge-

Low German: ge-, e-, je-

giboran (“born”)

gifundan (“found”)

gihētan (“called”)

githāht (“thought”)

gialdrod (“aged”)

gidōmian (“to doom”)

gibrengian (“to accomplish”)

gidēlian (“to distribute”)

gifāhan (“to catch”)

gifremmian (“to accomplish”)

gifregnan (“to experience”)

gifullian (“to fulfill”)

gigarwian (“to prepare”)

gigirnian (“to acquire”)

gihaldan (“to keep”)

gihalon (“to acquire”)

gihētan (“to promise”)

gihuggian (“to remember”)

gimanagfaldon (“to multiply”)

gibūr (“neighbour”)

gibrōthar (“brothers”)

gisunfadar (“father and son”)

giswestar (“siblings”)


gi-

I; first-person singular subject concord.


gi-

me; first-person singular object concord.


at-

From Middle English at-, et-, æt-, from Old English æt- (“at, near, toward, beyond, away”). Doublet of ad-. More at at.

inh

(obsolete, no longer productive) Prefix meaning at, close to, to, away, off.


at-

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'away,' or also 'open' (like Russian от- (ot-)).


at-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ot (“back, away, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eti (“beyond, over”). Cognate with Latvian at- (“away, open”), Proto-Slavic *otъ (“from”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “beyond, over”), Latin et (“and”).

atbėgti

atmesti

atvažiuoti

at- + vykti (“to go”) → atvykti (“to arrive”)

(in verbs) prefix indicating movement towards something (esp. speaker)

atbėgti

atlaužti

atidaryti

atvažiuoti

(in verbs) indicates the result of an action

atmesti

atidėti

atitraukti

atkurti

atstatyti

atnaujinti


at-

English: at-

Emphatic prefix meaning intensely or excessively


at-

atmorgan (“tomorrow”)

atsamna (“together”)


at-

at- (mutation mutation-radical)
hat- (mutation prothesis-h)

at- + hebu (“to speak, to say”) → ateb (“to answer”)

at- + tyfu (“to grow”) → atyfu (“to germinate”)

at- + ffurfio (“to form”) → atffurfio (“to reform, to regenerate”)

at- + cas (“hated, nasty”) → atgas (“hateful, detestable”)

affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word


at-

allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix)


hæmo-

(medicine) Alternative spelling of haemo-


again-

From Middle English agen-, ayen-, from Old English ongēan- (“towards, opposite, against, back, again, anew”). More at again.

(obsolete, no longer productive) Prefix meaning again, against, back, or in return.


far-

far- (mutation mutation-radical)
ar- (lenition mutation)
var- (eclipsis mutation)


far-

Middle Low German: vor-

Low German: for-, ver-

From Proto-Germanic *firi- (“around, across”), *fra- (“away from, off of, fully”), *furi- (“before, forth, forward”).

farbiodan (“to forbid, prohibit”)

farwerthan (“to perish, die”)

farswerian (“to forswear”)

forming verbs from verbs with various senses especially ‘wrongly, away from, astray, abstention, prohibition, perversion, destruction’

farbrekan (“to violate”)

farswindan (“to disappear”)

fargeƀan (“to forgive”)

used to create intensified adjectives and verbs from other adjectives and verbs, with the sense of completely or fully. Compare Modern English use of up

farwurht (“a very evil deed”)


missa-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *missa-
Old English: mis-
Middle English: mys-, mes-, mis-
English: mis-
Scots: mis-
Old Frisian: mis-
Saterland Frisian: mis-
West Frisian: mis-
Old Saxon: mis-
Middle Low German: mis-, misse-
German Low German: miss-
Old Dutch: mis-
Middle Dutch: mis-
Dutch: mis-
Afrikaans: mis-
Old High German: missa-, missi-
Middle High German: misse-
German: miss-, mis-
→ Vulgar Latin: *messa-
Old French: mes-
Middle French: mes-
French: més-, mé-
Occitan: mes-

Old Norse: mis-
Icelandic: mis-
Faroese: mis-
Norwegian Bokmål: mis-
Swedish: miss-
Danish: mis-

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰- (missa-)


missa-

Old English: mis-
Middle English: mys-, mes-, mis-
English: mis-
Scots: mis-

Old Frisian: mis-

Saterland Frisian: mis-

West Frisian: mis-

Old Saxon: mis-

Middle Low German: mis-, misse-

German Low German: miss-

Old Dutch: mis-
Middle Dutch: mis-
Dutch: mis-
Afrikaans: mis-

Old High German: missa-, missi-

Middle High German: misse-

German: miss-, mis-

→ Vulgar Latin: *messa-

Old French: mes-

Middle French: mes-

French: més-, mé-

Occitan: mes-


tricho-

From Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx, “hair”).


tricho-

From Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx, “hair”), (stem τριχ- (trikh-) due to Grassmann's law).


Há-

Dominantly derived from the adjective hár (“high, reaching high up”), occasionally derived from the term höð as in Háleikur.


Há-

Avestan: 𐬀- (a-) (only in some vowel-initial words)

Old Persian: 𐎠 (a /a-/)

q

contracted from <small>[Term?]</small> (/-ya-/)

Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾ /-ā-/), [Term?] (/ī/) (contracted from [Term?] (/-ya-/))

Yagnobi: а- (a-)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Há-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁é (“and then”).

the augment, an inseparable prefix used to form the past tense


Há-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Há-

Sanskrit: अ- (á-)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: अ- (a-)

Pali: a-

desctree

Proto-Iranian: *Há-
Avestan: 𐬀- (a-) (only in some vowel-initial words)
Old Persian: 𐎠 (a /a-/)
Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾ /-ā-/), [Term?] (/ī/) (contracted from [Term?] (/-ya-/))
Yagnobi: а- (a-)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁é (“and then”).


n̥-

Proto-Albanian: *a-

Albanian: e-

Proto-Armenian:

Old Armenian: ան- (an-) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *an- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *un- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *ə- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *a- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *ən- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *e(n)- (see there for further descendants)

Zero grade form of the sentence negative *ne, used with verbal adjectives and forming bahuvrihis.


センチ

Borrowed from French centi-, possibly via English centi-.


立て

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 立(た)てる (tateru).


sed-

*s(w)ēd, the ablative singular of Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”) lengthened under phrasal stress. Original form preserving the inherited /d/, which has been reinterpreted as hiatus-filler, but lost otherwise in all cases of long vowel preceding final /d/, such as other ablatives.
Doublet of sē as well as sed, where the vowel shortened (or never lengthened).

sēd- + itiō → sēditiō


idi-

Proto-West Germanic: *id-

Old English: ed-

Middle English: ed-

English: ed- (obsolete)

Old Frisian: et-

Old Saxon: ed-

Middle Low German: ed-

Low German: ett-

Old Dutch: *ed-, *et-

Middle Dutch: et-, at-, ad-

Dutch: et-

Old High German: id-, ida-

Middle High German: ite-

German: it- (obsolete)

Old Norse: ið-, iðja-

Icelandic: ið-

Swedish: id-

Gothic: 𐌹𐌳- (id-)

From an unstressed variety of Proto-Indo-European *éti. Cognate with Latin et.


ain-

ain- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ain- (eclipsis mutation)
hain- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-ain- (mutation prothesis-t)


ain-

ain- + teas (“heat”) → ain-teas (“inflammation”)

ain- + teth (“hot”) → ain-teth (“inflamed; scorching”)


reikni-

reikniaðgerð

algebraic operation, law of composition, operation

reiknigrind

abacus, calculating frame, counting frame

reikniregla

calculating rule, computing rule, rule of arithmetic

reiknivísi

calculus, differential and integral calculus


mion-

mion- (mutation mutation-radical)
mhion- (lenition mutation)

From mion (“small, tiny, fine, detailed”).


neu-

From Middle Irish nem- (compare Scottish Gaelic neo-, Irish neamh-).


opinto-

< opinnot; while the word is a plurale tantum, the singular form of such words is nevertheless used as the combining form.


ho-

head

ho- (before vowels oh-, imperative second-person plural)

oh- (before-vowel)
-li (before-consonant before-s before-vowel first-person singular)
sa- (before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person singular)
si- (before-back-vowel first-person singular)
a̱- (before-consonant first-person singular)
am- (before-vowel first-person singular)
ak- (before-consonant before-vowel first-person singular)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative singular)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative singular)
-li (before-consonant before-s before-vowel first-person medial singular)
sa- (before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person medial singular)
si- (before-back-vowel first-person medial singular)
-sa- (before-consonant first-person medial singular)
-sam- (before-vowel first-person medial singular)
ak- (before-consonant before-vowel first-person medial singular)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative medial singular)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative medial singular)
ī- (before-consonant before-s first-person paucal)
il- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
pi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person paucal)
pi̱- (before-consonant first-person paucal)
pim- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
kī- (before-consonant first-person paucal)
kil- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative paucal)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative paucal)
ī- (before-consonant before-s first-person plural)
il- (before-vowel first-person plural)
hapi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person plural)
hapi̱- (before-consonant first-person plural)
hapim- (before-vowel first-person plural)
kī- (before-consonant first-person plural)
kil- (before-vowel first-person plural)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative plural)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative plural)
is- (before-s second-person singular)
ish- (before-consonant before-vowel second-person singular)
chi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel second-person singular)
chi̱- (before-consonant second-person singular)
chim- (before-vowel second-person singular)
chik- (before-consonant before-vowel second-person singular)
has- (before-s plural second-person)
hash- (before-consonant before-vowel plural second-person)
hachi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel plural second-person)
hachi̱- (before-consonant plural second-person)
hachim- (before-vowel plural second-person)
hachik- (before-consonant before-vowel plural second-person)
ho- (before-consonant imperative plural second-person)
oh- (before-vowel imperative plural second-person)
i̱- (before-consonant third-person)
im- (before-vowel third-person)
ik- (before-consonant before-vowel third-person)

let you (all), do you (all), do ye

(obsolete) used in place of ordinary pronominal suffixes in the communication between in-laws, especially a man and his mother-in-law

used in place of ordinary pronominal suffixes in the communication between in-laws, especially a man and his mother-in-law
I̱ mintilih. → Ho mintilih. (traditional spelling)
I come with him.


ho-

forms plurals of adjectives
ofi chito → ofi hochito
big dog → big dogs


ho-

(before an okina followed by long vowel) Synonym of hoʻo-


ho-

indefinite deictic 3rd-person subject pronoun denoting space or area


αντί-

αντι- αντι-#Greek


ανθ-

αντι- αντι-#Greek

δασεία δασεία#Greek

form of αντι- (anti-) before combining forms that used to have δασεία f (daseía, “rough spirit”)


αντ-

αντι- αντι-#Greek

δασεία δασεία#Greek

form of αντι- (anti-) before combining forms begining with a vowel which did not have δασεία (daseía, “rough spirit”)


αντι-

anti-, counter- (expressing: opposition, prevention, the opposite)

αντι- (anti-) + ναύαρχος (návarchos, “admiral”) → αντιναύαρχος (antinávarchos, “vice-admiral”)


aeolo-

From Ancient Greek αἰόλος (aiólos, “changeful, lively”).


aeolo-

From Latin Aeolian “related to Aeolus” or “of or from the Aeolian Islands”, ultimately from Ancient Greek Αἴολος (Aíolos), a god of the winds.

(rare, now mainly historical) Used to form the names of musical instruments that use a vibrating reed.


ha-

ha-komangdi : to blunt something, to make it blunt (contrast he-komangdi : to dull something, to make it less sharp)

prefix indicating a relatively high degree of affectedness; contrast he-


ha-

used for forming wh questions eg. hara (where)


ha-

third person masculine agent pronominal prefix; he


ha-

Represents multiple homophonous thematic prefixes of position I, whose exact identification and etymology remain difficult. Young and Morgan (1987, 1992) identify 6 such prefixes. Their main divider is the perfective paradigm they select (∅-, yi- or yii-perfective).

haigééd

haasííd

haaʼnééh

hainitá

haalzheeh

(∅/si) for, after, search (related to -ka and -ká)

haatih

hadiisǫ́ǫ́s

(yii/yii) completeness, occurs with di- (see hadii-)


ha-

Alternative form of ho- when found immediately in pre-stem position.

halchííʼ

halneʼ


ha-

she does not, he does not; 3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) negative subject concord


ha-

a- (mutation mutation-radical)
ha- (mutation prothesis-h)


oor-

From Middle Dutch or-, oor-, from Old Dutch ur-, or-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Related to oer-.

A prefix with a variety of meanings, but originally meaning "out" or "original".


sēmi-

Proto-West Germanic: *sāmi-, *sām-

desctree

Old English: sām-
Middle English: sam-
English: sam

Old Saxon: sām-

Old Dutch: sām-

Old High German: sāmi-

From Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”). Cognate with Latin sēmi-, Ancient Greek ἡμι- (hēmi-).


tuz-

Proto-West Germanic: *tuʀ-, *toʀ-
Old English: tor-
Old High German: zur-

Old Norse: tor-

Icelandic: tor-

Faroese: tor-

Norwegian Nynorsk: tor-

Swedish: tor- (dialectal)

Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌶- (tuz-)

From Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-).


kei-

From kei (“boulder”) in the combination keihard (“rock-hard”), which was then interpreted as a general intensifying prefix.


анархо-

head

ана́рхо- • (anárxo-)

ана́рхо- (canonical)
anárxo- (romanization)

anarcho- (denoting anarchy or anarchism)


aur-

First productive in the 1575 coinage auripotent: representing aur-, the stem of the Latin aurum (“gold”).


aur-

First productive in the 1678 coinage aurist: representing aur-, the stem of the Latin auris (“ear”).


auriculo-

/ɔːˈɹɪk.jʊl.əʊ/

Formed from auricular + -o-; compare aur-.

The auriculo-ventricular orifice is an oblique slit[.]

1836, Robert Bentley Todd, editor, The Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology, 1st edition, volumes 1: A–DEA, page 330, column 2:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the auricle of the heart.

The first of these, the auriculo-temporal nerve, passes backwards, under the external pterygoid muscle, and then upwards between the mandible and the external meatus, underneath the parotid gland.

1881, St. George Jackson Mivart, “IX. The Cat's Nervous System and Organs of Sense”, in The Cat: An Introduction to the Study of Backboned Animals, Especially Mammals, 1st edition, John Murray, page 273:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the external ear; aural, auricular.


αρχ-

αρχ- (arch-) + άγγελος (ángelos, “angel”) → αρχάγγελος (archángelos, “archangel”)

αρχι- αρχι-#Greek


αρχί-

αρχι- αρχι-#Greek


Proto-Celtic: *in-, *ni-

Ancient Greek: ἐν- (en-), nasalized ἀ- (a-) (ἀδελφός (adelphós))

Latin: in-

French: in-, en-

Proto-Slavic: on-, vьn-, vъ-, u-

Czech: v-, u-, ú-, na-

Russian: в- (v-)


hiper-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”).

lbor

hiper- + tensió (“tension”) → hipertensió (“hypertension”)


hiper-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), English hyper-, French hyper-, German hyper-, Italian iper-, Spanish hiper-.


hiper-

From Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”), from *upo (“under, below”). Doublet of super.


hiper-

hiper- + łącze → hiperłącze


hiper-

Coordinate term: super-

hiper- + atividade → hiperatividade (“hyperactivity”)


hiper-

Borrowed from French hyper-, German hyper-.

hiper- + excitabilitate (“excitability”) → hiperexcitabilitate (“hyperexcitability”)


hiper-

hiper- + moderno (“modern”) → hipermoderno (“hypermodern”)


πρωτό-

πρωτο- πρωτο-#Greek


πρωτο-

πρωτ-

used before morphemes that begin with a vowel

πρωθ-

used before morphemes that begin with /h/


πρωτο-

From Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).

πρωθ-

used before morphemes that historically began with a vowel with a δασεία or rough breathing

πρωτο- (proto-) + βουλή (voulí, “will, desire”) → πρωτοβουλία (protovoulía, “initiative”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + γόνος (gónos, “offspring”) → πρωτόγονος (protógonos, “primitive”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + υπουργός (ypourgós, “minister”) → πρωθυπουργός (prothypourgós, “prime minister”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) → πρωτόκολλο (protókollo, “protocol”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + γνωρίζω (gnorízo, “to know”) → πρωτόγνωρος (protógnoros, “unprecedented”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + πόρος (póros, “resource”) → πρωτοπόρος (protopóros, “pioneer”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + τύπος (týpos, “type, form”) → πρωτότυπος (protótypos, “original, prototype”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + φαίνομαι (faínomai, “to appear, to be visible”) → πρωτοφανής (protofanís, “unprecedented”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + Μάιος (Máios, “May”) → Πρωτομαγιά (Protomagiá, “May Day”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + χρονιά (chroniá, “year”) → Πρωτοχρονιά (Protochroniá, “New Year's Day”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something that is the first:

πρωτο- (proto-) + βλέπω (vlépo, “to see”) → πρωτοβλέπω (protovlépo, “to first see”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + μιλώ (miló, “to speak”) → πρωτομιλώ (protomiló, “to first speak”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”) → πρωτομαθαίνω (protomathaíno, “to first learn”)

added before a verb to create another verb that indicates when it was first done:

πρωτο- (proto-) + χριστιανικός (christianikós, “Christian”) → πρωτοχριστιανικός (protochristianikós, “Early Christian”)

πρωτο- (proto-) + αττικός (attikós, “Attic”) → πρωτοαττικός (protoattikós, “Protoattic”)

added before a noun to create words that indicates something is the first phase of a period of history, language, etc; Proto-:


anthra-

(organic chemistry) derivatives of anthracene.


thalasso-

From Ancient Greek θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”).

thalasso- + therapy → thalassotherapy


xyr-

From the Ancient Greek ξυρόν (xurón, “razor”).