vor-

Either from Old Saxon far-, fura- or fur-, from Proto-West Germanic *fra-. Cognate with Dutch ver-, German ver-, and English for-. Used in the same way as Dutch er- and German er-

vorspreken (to promise) from spreken (to speak), vorgeven (to forgive)

modyfying verb-prefix, denoting amongst other things intent towards something or intensification

vordarven (to rot), vorlysen (to lose)

denotes an action with a negative result such as destruction, loss or spoilage

vorscriven (to make a mistake in writing) from scriven (to write)


auf-

aufnehmen (“to pick up”), aufstehen, aufwachsen

A separable prefix; similar to English up-

aufhören, aufgeben

aufmachen, aufschließen

aufschreiben (“to write down”), auftragen (“to put on, apply”)

aufwachsen, aufgeben, aufstehen


mit-

Alternative form of mito-, used before a vowel.


mit-

From mit (“with”). Compare Dutch mee-, mede-.

mit- + tanzen (“to dance”) → mittanzen (“to dance with others, to join others in dancing, to dance along”)

a prefix of nearly unlimited productivity, expressing that something is done together with others who do the same thing, sometimes equivalent to English co- or along.

mit- + Verschwörer (“conspirator”) → Mitverschwörer (“co-conspirator”)

mit- + Bürger (“citizen”) → Mitbürger (“fellow citizen”)


na-

na- + tamam (“complete”) → natamam (“incomplete”)

na- + ümid (“hope”) → naümid (“hopeless”)


na-

Prefixed to a traditional Chewa clan name to denote a woman belonging to that clan.


na-

a prefix, often used where English would use a phrasal verb with on

na- + představovat se (“present onself”) → napředstavovat se (“present oneself many times”)

(as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean a lot


na-

na- + dalus (“cleanliness”) → nadalus (“clean”)


na-

Polish: na-

na- + pisać → napisać

na- + łożyć → nałożyć

na- + mówić → namówić


na-

Inherited from Old Polish na-. Doublet of ana-.

na- + pisać → napisać

na- + łożyć → nałożyć

na- + mówić → namówić


na-

From Proto-Slavic *na-. Prefixed form of the preposition na.

na- + pisáti (“to write”) → napisáti (“to write”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

na- + líti (“to pour”) → nalíti (“to pour in”)

na- + krivīti (“to bend”) → nakrivīti (“to bend a little”)

na- + gníti (“to rot”) → nagníti (“to begin to rot”)

na- + cepīti (“to chop”) → nacepīti (“to chop enough of”)

na- + píti (“to drink”) → napíti (“to drink one's fill, get drunk”)


na-

na- + ochac → naochac

added to verbs to make them perfective, often meaning "to do X verb much or enough"


na-

used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with ma-


na-

(dialectal) used to form progressive aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-


na-

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ناـ (nâ-), from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

inh+

na- + ümit (“hope”) → naümit (“hopeless”)


u-

Typographical substitution for μ, in environments where the correct symbol is not available.

микро- микро-

(informal, proscribed) Alternative form of μ- as an abbreviation of micro-, mikro-, микро- etc.


u-

(subject marker for tense modifying pronouns) I


u-

u- + stoupit (“step”) → ustoupit (“yield”)

(inchoative)
(telicity)
added to mean a bit

u- + vidět (“see”) → uvidět (“catch sight out of”)

u- + lít (“pour”) → ulít (“pour off a little”)

u- + kašlat (“have a cough”) → ukašlat se (“die of coughing”)

u- + smát se (“laugh”) → usmát se (“die of laughing”)

u- + trápit se (“grieve”) → utrápit se (“die of grief”)

(u- + imperfective base + se) intensification: until exhaustion, expressing final stage of a process. (collocates with k smrti (“to death”))

u- + řeknout (“say once”) → uřeknout (“misspeak, say unintentionally once”)

(on perfective verbs) unintentionally, inadvertently, by mistake

u- + zvednout (“lift”) → uzvednout (“be able to lift”)

u- + nést (“carry”) → unést (“be able to carry”)

(root modality) [i.e., deontic + dynamic modality: ability, obligation, permission, readiness]

u- + šetřit (“to save”) → ušetřit (“to save up”)

ušetřit peníze.


u-

in-, un-, non-; (prefix meaning not, reversing the meaning)


u-

you singular (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)


u-

you, thou; second-person singular subject concord.


u-

Class 11 noun prefix; form of ulu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


u-

From Old Norse ú-, ó-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Doublet of a-.

an abbreviation of certain words beginning with "u"


u-

From Old Norse ú- or ó-, English un-, German un-. With the intensifying function probably influenced by ov-.

flaks → uflaks

luck → bad luck

vêr → uvêr
weather → severe weather

tid → utid
time → inconvenient time

used to create an undesired version of the following noun

tal → utal
number → huge number

used to strengthen/intensify the following noun


u-

u- + wiązać → uwiązać


u-

Inherited from Old Polish u-, from Proto-Slavic *u-.

u- + łatwy → ułatwiać

appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make

u- + bóść → ubóść

u- + lać → ulać

u- + iść → ujść

u- + ciągnąć → uciągnąć

u- + rzucić → urzucić

(rare) added to mean successfully, often without an imperfective counterpart


u-

From Proto-Slavic *u-. Prefixed form of the preposition u.

u- + branīti (“to defend”) → ubranīti (“to defend”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

u- + téči (“to run”) → utéči (“to run away, escape”)

u- + štẹ́ti (“to count”) → uštẹ́ti (“to miscount”)


u-

From Proto-Bantu *dʊ̀- and Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀-.

u- + -chafu (“dirty”) → uchafu (“dirtiness”)

u- + mtoto (“child”) → utoto (“childhood”)

u- + binafsi (“self”) → ubinafsi (“individualism”)

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] noun prefix, denoting natural objects, extensions, abstract qualities, or collections of small things.

u- + French France (“France”) → Ufaransa (“France”)

ulimi mrefu


u-

you, 2nd person singular subject concord

For a full table including other classes


u-

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́- and Proto-Bantu *dʊ́-.

For a full table including first and second person

هُنُ اُلِمِغُ بَحَرِ تِيْسِ ، اُنَ مَتُبَوِ نَمَغِ مَاسِ،

18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi, stanza 13:

This world is a troubled sea, it has corals and much wickedness;

Hunu ulimwengu baḥari tesi, una matumbawe na-mangi masi,

it, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|m class_((III))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] subject concord

verb-initial form of -u- (“it, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|m class_((III))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] object concord”)


u-

(transitive) Third person singular subject + third person duoplural object.


u-

ewü (first-person pronoun)
y- (first-person)
ü- (first-person)
u- (first-person)
w- (agent first-person transitive)
w- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
wi- (agent first-person transitive)
wi- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
küwü (dual first-person inclusive pronoun)
k- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
k- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
k- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
kü- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
kü- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ku- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ku- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ki- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ki- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
k- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kii- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ki- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
amödö (pronoun second-person)
ö- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ö- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ö- (patient second-person transitive)
ö- (possessive second-person)
ö- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
öy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
öy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
öy- (patient second-person transitive)
öy- (possessive second-person)
öy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ödh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ödh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ödh- (patient second-person transitive)
ödh- (possessive second-person)
ödh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
o- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
o- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
o- (patient second-person transitive)
o- (possessive second-person)
o- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
oy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
oy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
oy- (patient second-person transitive)
oy- (possessive second-person)
oy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
odh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
odh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
odh- (patient second-person transitive)
odh- (possessive second-person)
odh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
a- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
a- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
a- (patient second-person transitive)
a- (possessive second-person)
a- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ay- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ay- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ay- (patient second-person transitive)
ay- (possessive second-person)
ay- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
adh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
adh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
adh- (patient second-person transitive)
adh- (possessive second-person)
adh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
m- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
m- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
mi- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
mi- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
nña (dual exclusive first-person pronoun)
y- (dual exclusive first-person)
dh- (dual exclusive first-person)
ch- (dual exclusive first-person)
i- (dual exclusive first-person)
chö- (direct-object dual exclusive first-person postpositional)
n- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
n- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ni- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ni- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
tüwü (pronoun third-person)
y- (third-person)
dh- (third-person)
ch- (third-person)
i- (third-person)
chö- (direct-object postpositional third-person)
n- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
ni- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
tüwü (distant-past past pronoun)
kün- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kün- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kun- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kun- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kin- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kin- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ken- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ken- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
küm- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
küm- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kum- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kum- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kim- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kim- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kini- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kini- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
t- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
t- (possessive reflexive)
t- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tü- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tü- (possessive reflexive)
tü- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tu- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tu- (possessive reflexive)
tu- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
ti- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
ti- (possessive reflexive)
ti- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
te- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
te- (possessive reflexive)
te- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
öö- (agent patient reciprocal transitive)
öö- (agent-like intransitive patient-like reciprocal)
öö- (direct-object postpositional reciprocal)
mön- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mön- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
k- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
k- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)

Allomorph of y- (first-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants and have a first vowel u.


u-

(CY, SEY) abstract or instrument nominalizing prefix


u-

u- + kú (“to die”) → ukú (“death”)

(CY, SEY) non-gerundive nominalizing prefix


u-

From Proto-Bantu *ʊ́-. This noun class is marked simply with the class 1 augment and a null prefix.


u-

Contracted from earlier úlu-, from Proto-Bantu *dʊ́-dʊ̀-.


u-

Northern Ndebele: u-

Phuthi: u-

Swazi: u-

Xhosa: u-

Zulu: u-


nefro-

Internationalism (see English nephro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós).

(anatomy, medicine) Of or relating to kidneys, nephric, nephro-.


kiw-

ki- (“1st plural subject”) + w- (“duoplural object”)

(transitive) First person plural subject + third person duoplural object.


iw-

i- (“3rd plural subject”) + w- (“duoplural object”).

(transitive) Third person plural subject + third person duoplural object.


mąpi-

mą- (2nd duoplural subject) + pi- (inverse object).

(transitive) Second person plural subject + third person inverse object.


ipi-

i- (“1st/3rd plural subject”) + pi- (“inverse object”).

(transitive) First person plural subject + third person inverse object.

(transitive) Third person plural subject + third person inverse object.


mąw-

mą- (2nd duoplural subject) + w- (duoplural object).

(transitive) Second person plural subject + third person duoplural object.


mą-

(transitive) Second person plural subject + third person singular object.

(formative) Second person duoplural subject.


pę-

(formative) inverse number object prefix (on verbs with dual subjects). (Compare pi- allomorph.)


mąpęn-

mą- (2nd duoplural subject) + pę- (inverse object) + n- (dual subject).

(transitive) second person dual subject + third person inverse object.


ąn-

ą- (1st/3rd subject) + n- (dual subject).

(transitive) First person dual subject + third person singular object.

(transitive) Third person dual subject + third person singular object.

(transitive) Third person dual subject + third person duoplural object.


kąn-

ką- (“1st subject/3rd object duoplural”) + n- (“dual subject”)

(transitive) first person dual subject + third person duoplural object.


ąpęn-

ą- (1st/3rd subject) + pę- (inverse object) + n- (dual subject).

(transitive) First person dual subject + third person inverse object.

(transitive) Third person dual subject + third person inverse object.


mąn-

mą- (2nd duoplural subject) + n- (dual subject).

(transitive) second person dual subject + third person singular object.

(transitive) second person dual subject + third person plural object.


pi-

-li (before-consonant before-s before-vowel first-person singular)
sa- (before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person singular)
si- (before-back-vowel first-person singular)
a̱- (before-consonant first-person singular)
am- (before-vowel first-person singular)
ak- (before-consonant before-vowel first-person singular)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative singular)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative singular)
-li (before-consonant before-s before-vowel first-person medial singular)
sa- (before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person medial singular)
si- (before-back-vowel first-person medial singular)
-sa- (before-consonant first-person medial singular)
-sam- (before-vowel first-person medial singular)
ak- (before-consonant before-vowel first-person medial singular)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative medial singular)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative medial singular)
ī- (before-consonant before-s first-person paucal)
il- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
pi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person paucal)
pi̱- (before-consonant first-person paucal)
pim- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
kī- (before-consonant first-person paucal)
kil- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative paucal)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative paucal)
ī- (before-consonant before-s first-person plural)
il- (before-vowel first-person plural)
hapi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person plural)
hapi̱- (before-consonant first-person plural)
hapim- (before-vowel first-person plural)
kī- (before-consonant first-person plural)
kil- (before-vowel first-person plural)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative plural)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative plural)
is- (before-s second-person singular)
ish- (before-consonant before-vowel second-person singular)
chi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel second-person singular)
chi̱- (before-consonant second-person singular)
chim- (before-vowel second-person singular)
chik- (before-consonant before-vowel second-person singular)
has- (before-s plural second-person)
hash- (before-consonant before-vowel plural second-person)
hachi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel plural second-person)
hachi̱- (before-consonant plural second-person)
hachim- (before-vowel plural second-person)
hachik- (before-consonant before-vowel plural second-person)
ho- (before-consonant imperative plural second-person)
oh- (before-vowel imperative plural second-person)
i̱- (before-consonant third-person)
im- (before-vowel third-person)
ik- (before-consonant before-vowel third-person)

us (few)

the direct object of an active transitive verb

we (few)

the subject of a stative intransitive verb

our (we few's)


pi-

(transitive) first-person singular subject + third-person inverse number object


pi-

(formative) inverse number object prefix (on verbs with plural subjects) (compare the pę- allomorph)


mimo-

mimo- + jazda → mimojazdowy

avoidance, going around, going outside of


abba-

abba- + hagy (“to let, leave, allow”) → abbahagy (“to stop, cease, discontinue”)

Abbahagyta az iskolát.

(verbal prefix) Indicates an action that is no longer continued.


ku-

From Malay ku-, from ku, shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.


ku-

From ku, shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Kutahu.

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


ku-

you; second-person singular object concord.


ku-

Class 15 noun prefix; forms the infinitive of verbs.


ku-

1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-

Kufanya kazi ni muhimu ili kupata pesa.

Working is important in order to earn money.

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku class|ku class_((XV))]] noun prefix; used before verb stem with eventual object concord to form infinitive

Nataka kukisoma.

Ilisababisha watu kujifunza zaidi.

Watu wasiopungua kumi wanadaiwa kuuawa na wengine zaidi ya thelathini kujeruhiwa vibaya.

2023, “Waasi wa ADF wadaiwa kuwaua raia”, in DW:

At least ten people are claimed to have been killed and more than thirty others to have been seriously injured.

used after auxiliary verbs that do not require subject agreement and tense/aspect marking on the dependent verb

kitabu cha kufundishia

baada ya kipindi kupita

used after -a (including in the presense of a subject)

Nilisoma na kuandika.

used after na to replace elided subject agreement and tense/aspect marking

Kusafiri ni kuzuri sana.

mahali kuzuri

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku class|ku class_((XV))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku locative class|ku class_((XVII))]] adjective agreement prefix

verb-initial form of -ku- (“you, 2st person singular (or, if with suffix -ni, plural) object concord”)


ku-

Kutoa kunatokana na moyo.

Kuna watu wengi nchini wanaotaka amani.

There are many people in the country who want peace.

it, there; [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku class|ku class_((XV))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku locative class|ku class_((XVII))]] subject concord

verb-initial form of -ku- (“there, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku locative class|ku class_((XVII))]] object concord”)


ku-

(transitive) Second-person singular subject + third person duoplural object.


ku-

ku- + -nu (“this, these”) → kunu (“this (class 15)”)

[[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_15|class 15]] pronominal concord

ku- + -kora (“to do”) → kukora (“it (class 15) does”)

it; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_15|class 15]] subject concord

ku- + -ha (“to give”) → kuha (“give it (class 15)”)

positive imperative form of -ku- (“it; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_15|class 15]] object concord”)


ku-

Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel u.


համ-

Armenian: համ- (ham-)

Borrowed from various Iranian descendants of Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“same”): compare Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /ham-/), Persian همـ (ham-)․ In some cases contaminated with native prefixes inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- and *sm̥-. The same prefix is found in many terms wholly-borrowed from Iranian, e.g. համակ (hamak), համագունակ (hamagunak), հանգոյն (hangoyn), համակդեն (hamakden), հանդէս (handēs), համհարզ (hamharz). The form հոմ- (hom-) was adapted post-classically by the Hellenizing School based on Ancient Greek ὁμο- (homo-).

համ- (ham-) + բուն (bun, “nature”) → համաբնեայ (hamabneay, “of the same nature”)

համ- (ham-) + գունդ (gund, “group”) → համագունդ (hamagund, “in a united company, with all the company”)

համ- (ham-) + լսեմ (lsem, “to listen”) → համալսեմ (hamalsem, “to listen intently”)

համարձակ

համբառնամ ― hambaṙnam ― to elevate

համբերեմ


lip-

Alternative form of lipo- (before a vowel)


audio-

From the root audi of Latin audiō (“I hear; I listen”) + -o-.
Cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”), Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”) and Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “perceive, notice”) whence English aesthetic.


audio-

audio- + -graf → audiograf


ön-

From the ö- stem of a Proto-Finno-Ugric third-person singular pronoun (present-day ő), with the obsolete pronoun suffix -n.

ön- + életrajz (“biography”) → önéletrajz (“autobiography”)


ön-

ön- + yıldız (“star”) → önyıldız (“protostar”)

ön- + Cermence (“Germanic”) → Ön Cermence (“Proto-Germanic”)

ön- + görü (“sight”) → öngörü (“prediction”)

ön- + sezi (“sense, feeling”) → önsezi (“gut feeling”)


ön-

Cognates are found in certain other Cariban languages, but not in any languages of the family outside Venezuela. Compare Panare ën- accompanying a negation and Akawaio ön-, Tamanaku ën- accompanying an imperative.

Marks a negated transitive verb with a third-person object/patient, forming a negative circumfix with -'da.

Marks a transitive verb in admonitive mood with a third-person object/patient, forming an admonitive circumfix with -'no.

Marks a transitive verb in prohibitive mood with a third-person object/patient or with a first-person object/patient and second-person subject/agent, forming a prohibitive circumfix with -i.

Optionally marks a transitive verb in imperative, jussive, or rogative mood to lend it a sociative meaning, indicating an action to be performed with others at the speaker’s request, and forming a circumfix with -kö, -iye, or -'ñojo respectively.


toppen

Hon är en toppentjej

She's a great person ("great girl" literally, but the translation matches the tone)


polo-

From Proto-Meso-Melanesian *polo- "over".

A prefix used for numbers from six to nine.


ati-

Alternative spelling of at- used before words that start with t or d.


ati-

Proto-Brythonic: *ad-

Cornish: as-

Welsh: ad-

desctree

Old Irish: aith-, ath- (broad form)
Irish: ath-
Manx: aa-
Scottish Gaelic: ath-

From Proto-Indo-European *éti. Cognate with English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति- (áti-, “very”).


ati-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ati-

Sanskrit: अति (ati-) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *ati- (“trans-, beyond”)

Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (aⁱti-)

Old Persian: 𐎠𐎫𐎹 (a-t-y /ati-/)

From Proto-Indo-European *éti (“over, beyond”).


with-

From Middle English with-, from Old English wiþ- (“against, away”, prefix), from Proto-West Germanic *wiþi-, from Proto-Germanic *wiþi- (“counter-, anti-, gain-, with-”), related to Old English wiþ (“with, by, near, against, beside, at, through, for, in return, opposite, towards, to”, preposition). Cognate with Old Frisian with-, Old Saxon with-, Danish ved-, Swedish vid-, Faroese við-, Icelandic við-. Related also to English wither-, and Dutch weder- (“back”), German wider- (“against”), German wieder- (“again”). More at with.

cog

withfight, withstand, withset, withsay, withspeak

Prefix meaning "against", "in opposition to".

withbuy, withcall, withdraw, withdrive, withgive, withhold, withturn

Prefix meaning "back", "back around", "in reverse", "in return".

withbear, withgive, withgo, withhang, withsave, withseek

Prefix meaning "off", "out", "away", "from".

withgang, withjoin, withtake

Prefix meaning "with", "along with", "together (with)".


kon-

I ____ you


kon-

Alternative form of konti- (before a-stems, and replaces initial a)


kon-

From the Latin prefix con-, from cum (“with”).

ko-

when in front of a vowel and the letters gn, h


kon-

ko-

when in front of a vowel and the letters gnand h


platy-

From Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “flat”).

flat; especially, relatively flat but wide


pheno-

# From Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to bring to light, make appear; to come to light, appear”). Compare -phan in such words as tryptophan.
# From phenyl + -o-.

der

phenotype

phenol, phenobarbital

(organic chemistry) Derived from benzene or containing phenyl.


where-

of → whereof (“of which, of what, of whom”)

Which, what, whom: compounded with prepositions to form compound relative and interrogative pronouns.


herum-

herum- + gehen (“walk”) → herumgehen (“wander, walk without a destination”)


չ-

չ- (čʻ-) + սիրել (sirel, “to like”) → չսիրել (čʻsirel, “not to like”)

չ- (čʻ-) + գրեցի (grecʻi, “I wrote”) → չգրեցի (čʻgrecʻi, “I did not write”)

a negative particle appended to the verb to form the negative conjugation of all moods, except the imperative mood

չ- (čʻ-) + բերել (berel, “to bring”) → չբեր (čʻber, “non-bringing, barren”)

A negative prefix, appended to some verb roots


չ-

Armenian: չ- (čʻ-)

Աստուած

չաստուած

լուր

չլուր

երէց

չերէց


pa-

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'under' or 'for a short time' (like Lithuanian pa- or Russian по- (po-)).


pa-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó (“off, away”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *po (“after, by”); see there for more.

Comes along with po 'after', e.g. Grybšt pa-grybšt - grybšnis po grybšnio, bearing meanings 'after', 'definite', 'slight':

(with verbs expressing movement) Describes an action's movement under something; under-

(with verbs) Describes a briefly lasting action

(with verbs) Describes an action's smallness

(with verbs) Describes the ability or means to do something

(with verbs) Describes a meaning specific to the verb

(with nouns) Describes a place or thing that is under or near to


pa-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pa-, from Proto-Austronesian *pa-.


pa-

pa- + łęk → pałąk

(dated) affects the definition in various ways, mostly seen in inherited or borrowed words, no longer a produtive prefix


pa-

The prefix for noun class 16 denoting locatives (position at a place).


pa-

there, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Pa locative class|pa class_((XVI))]] subject concord

verb-initial form of -pa- (“there, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Pa locative class|pa class_((XVI))]] object concord”)


pa-

Contraction of pa- + -a- (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Pa locative class|pa class_((XVI))]] gnomic”).


pa-

From Proto-Philippine *pa-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pa-, from Proto-Austronesian *pa-.

pa- + punta (“destination”) → papunta (“be coming/ be going/ be arriving/ be on the way”)

pa- + tapos (“end”) → patapos (“be about to end”)

Patapos na ang pelikula.

adverbial prefix - indicates process of performing the action of the verb

Patapon naman 'to sa basurahan.

Could you please throw this to the trash can?

pa- + dala (“carry”) → padala (“remittance/ package [an object that is requested to be brought or sent]”)

pa- + piging (“a banquet”) → papiging (“a banquet that is organized by someone [usually followed by "ng organization" or "ni name of person"]”)

noun prefix - indicates an object that is ordered or requested to be processed according to the root word

Pa-Espanya ako.


pa-

numön (“to count”) → panumön (“to be counted”)

Used to form the (present infinitive and present tense) passive voice forms of verbs.


pa-

East Slavic:

Belarusian: па- (pa-)

Russian: па- (pa-)

Ukrainian: па- (pa-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: па- (pa-)

Bulgarian: па- (pa-)

Macedonian: па- (pa-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па-

Latin script: pa-

Slovene: pa-

West Slavic:

Czech: pa-

Polish: pa-

Slovak: pa-

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pa-

Upper Sorbian: pa-

Cognate with Lithuanian po-.
According to Rejzek (2006) the original meaning was "later, secondary" since the primary evidence for the Slavic words for step-children (*pasynъkъ, *padъťi, *pasьrbъ, *pastorъkъ) is inconclusive.

(Late Common-Slavic or post-Common-Slavic) false, pseudo-


iš-

(with verbs indicating motion) Describes an action's movement outward, as from the inside to the outside

(with verbs) Describes an action's movement outward, as spreading through a place, time, etc.

(with verbs) Describes some harm, damage or defacement

(with verbs) Describes a prolonged action or event's discontinuation

(with verbs) Describes actions or events of strong intensity

(with verbs) Describes actions or events of weak intensity

(with verbs) Describes that an action or event has some benefit

(with verbs) Describes the ability to see an action or event through to its end

(with reflexive verbs) Describes the ability of an action or event to be completed sufficiently

(with nouns) Describes particular things, such as the outcome or aftermath of an action or event

(with nouns) Describes something rendered, but sloppy, inadequate, undesirable or bad in general

(with nouns) Describes the later parts of times of the day

(with nouns) Describes abstract concepts related to the exit from somewhere

(with adjectives) Describes the abundance or merit of qualities that are connected with the exit from the inside

(with verbs, nouns, adjectives) Various meanings, generally specific to the nature of the word in question, can be derived


կ-

կ- (k-) + սիրել (sirel, “to like”) → կսիրեմ (ksirem, “I will like”)

կ- (k-) + ուտել (utel, “to eat”) → կուտեր (kuter, “he would have eaten”)

conditional mood
conditional mood#English

(Eastern Armenian) particle appended to the verb to form the future tenses of the conditional mood


ap-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi, *h₁opi.

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'around' or 'about' (like German um- or Russian об- (ob-)).


ap-

(with verbs or verbal nouns)
Movement around something; circum-

(with verbs or verbal nouns)
Action takes on many objects

Action sets something/someone apart from others

(with verbs or verbal nouns)
Smallness of an action

Outdoing, defeat or the conquer over someone/something

(with verbs or verbal nouns)
Unsuccessful result of an action

(with verbs or verbal nouns)
Significance of the end of an action

Abstract concepts connected to some action

(with nouns)
Place/thing around something

Person with a small/unimpressive amount of some quality

Possession of qualities connected with orientation or demeanor

In some dialects, describes the possession of incomplete qualities

(with verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions) Various meanings, generally specific to the nature of the word in question, can be derived


ap-

en apkass film


ap-

apansız


nu-

nuiraka : I am drinking


nu-

(with verbs indicating motion) describes an action's movement downward

(with verbs indicating motion) describes an action's movement into the distance

(with verbs) describes an improvement and advanced progress in the action

(with verbs) describes achievement through some action or event

(with verbs) describes an action or event's outspread over a surface

(with verbs) describes a type of perfective aspect in solitary events or actions


voll-

to do the action of the verb fully or thoroughly; to bring it to completion.


thrombo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Greek the Ancient Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos, “lump”, “piece”, “blood clot”, “milk curd”).

uder

(chiefly pathology and chemistry) thrombus

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


նախ-

նախ- (nax-) + բազուկ (bazuk, “arm”) → նախաբազուկ (naxabazuk, “forearm”)

նախ- (nax-) + պայման (payman, “condition”) → նախապայման (naxapayman, “precondition”)


klepto-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek κλέπτης (kléptēs, “thief”), κλέπτω (kléptō, “steal”), from Proto-Indo-European *klep- (“to steal”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌽 (hlifan, “to steal”), Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃 (hliftus, “thief”).


rück-

From Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.


api-

api- + -phobia → apiphobia (“the fear of bees”)

api- + puncture → apipuncture (“the sting of a bee, as a supposed therapy”)

Forming terms related to bees or honeybees.


api-

Alternative form of ap- (used before words that start with p or b.)


բաղ-

From the root of բաղեմ (bałem, “to join”).

բաղաձայն

բաղադրեմ

բաղդատեմ


baku

alternative form of baku- (“mutually, reciprocally, each other, one another”)


ամենա-

From Old Armenian ամենա- (amena-), combining form of ամէն (amēn).

ամենա- (amena-) + լավ (lav, “good”) → ամենալավ (amenalav, “best”)

ամենա- (amena-) + արագ (arag, “fast”) → ամենաարագ (amenaarag, “fastest”)

superlative degree
superlative degree#English

prefix, appended to adjectives for forming their superlative degree


ս-

փռեմ

սփռեմ

թափիմ

սթափիմ

to wake up, to be lively, renewed, to recover, to come to oneself again

Alternative form of զ- (z-), used before voiceless consonants.


ց-

ց- (cʻ-) + տեսություն (tesutʻyun, “seeing”) → ցտեսություն (cʻtesutʻyun, “till seeing, good bye”)


lepido-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λεπίς, λεπίδος (lepís, lepídos, “scale”).

lbor

λεπίς, λεπίδος


lepido-

λεπίς, λεπίδος


lepido-

λεπίς, λεπίδος


uile-

uile- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-uile- (eclipsis mutation)
huile- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-uile- (mutation prothesis-t)


poli-

From Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many, much”).


ἀρι-

Probably related to ᾰ̓ρείων (areíōn) ᾰ̓́ρῐστος (áristos)

(mostly early Epic and Lyric) strengthening prefix, generally with a sense of goodness, excellence


անդր-

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian անդր (andr).

learned borrowing

Կովկաս (Kovkas, “Caucasus”) + անդր- (andr-) → Անդրկովկաս (Andrkovkas, “Transcaucasia”)


levo-

dextro-

antonym(s) of “denoting a levorotatory form”

levorotatory

levofloxacin, levoglucose

(chemistry) Denoting a levorotatory form of an enantiomer.


dextro-

levo-

antonym(s) of “denoting a dextrorotatory form”

dextroelevation, dextroposition, dextrosinistral

dextroamphetamine, dextropropoxyphene

(chemistry) Denoting a dextrorotatory form of an enantiomer.


häive-

[ˈhæi̯ʋe̞ˌ(ʔ)]

stealth (designed to be invisible to radar)


մակ-

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian մակ (mak).

մակ- (mak-) + երիկամ (erikam, “kidney”) → մակերիկամ (makerikam, “adrenal gland”)

մակ- (mak-) + բայ (bay, “verb”) → մակբայ (makbay, “adverb”)


rhodo-

From Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”).


oþ-

From unstressed Proto-West Germanic *unþa-.

ōþwendan

ōþwindan

ōþberan

ōþlenġan

ōþīeċan

ōþrīdan

ōþstillan

perfective; completely; intensifying an action


tardo-

late (relating to the final stages of a historical period)


off-

From Middle English of-, from Old English of-, æf- (“off, away, down, un-”), from Proto-Germanic *aba- (“off, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”). Cognate with Dutch af- (“off, away, down”), German ab- (“off, from, down”), Latin ab- (“from, of”), Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-, “away from, without”). Doublet of apo- and ab-.


æ-

From Proto-West Germanic *ā- (“lacking, without”). Cognate with Old High German ā- (“without, un-”).

inh

without, lacking (usually forms nouns or adjectives)


geond-

Middle English: yond-

ġeondfaran

ġeondbrǣdan

ġeonddrenċan

beyond, exceeding; entirely; excessively

ġeondeardian

expressing duration or continuation; throughout, through

ġeondflōwan


regn-

From Proto-Germanic *raginą. Akin to Old Saxon regin-, Old High German ragin-, regin- (compound found in personal names), Old Norse ragn-, rǫgn-, regin (“the Powers (ie. the gods)”), Old English reġnian, rēnian (“to prepare, arrange, order”), Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (raginōn, “to rule”), 𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (ragineis, “ruler”), 𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽 (ragin, “ordinance, counsel”). More at riht.

reġnheard

reġnweard

reġnþēof

reġnmeld


utan-

From ūtan (“outside”), oblique case of ūta (“outside, exterior”). More at ūt-.

ūtanweard

ūtancymen

ūtacund

ūtanbordes


wiþ-

desc

Middle English: wid-, vid-, vith-, with-

English: with-

Scots: with-

From Proto-West Germanic *wiþi-, from Proto-Germanic *wiþi-, related to Old English wiþ (“against”). Cognate with Old Frisian with-, Old Saxon with-, Old Norse við-.

wiþhabban

wiþcēosan

wiþhogian

wiþfaran

wiþferian

wiþheardan

completely, fully, entirely (perfective prefix)


ut-

Used as an intensifier for certain adjectives.


ut-

Middle English: ut-, out-

English: out-

Scots: oot-

From Proto-Germanic *ūt-, from Proto-Germanic *ūt (“out”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“away; out; outwards; upwards”). Akin to Old Frisian ūt-, Old Norse út-, Gothic 𐌿𐍄- (ut-, “out”).


psico-

From Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”).


logo-

From Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos, “word, speech”).


logo-

Derived from Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos).

der+

logo- + terapia → logoterapia


ré-

Learned reborrowing of Latin re-. Compare re-, r-, the inherited forms.
Some verbs in ré- continue Old French res-, a combination of re- + es- (from Latin ex). Compare Romanian răs-, which might have a similar development.


ke-

From Malay ke-, from Old Malay ke-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika- (“prefix for ordinal numerals”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sika- (“prefix for ordinal numbers”).

inh

bulan kelima.

kedua buku.


ke-

From Malay ke-, from Old Malay ke-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.
According to Poedjosoedarmo (1982), the productivity of ke- is part of Javanese cognate Javanese ꦏ- (ka-) influence.

(noun, non-productive) having characteristics of

(verb, usuallly informal) to have condition or accident of


ke-

Indonesian: ke-

From Old Malay ke-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.

Bulan kelima.


ke-

Plains Algonquian:

Blackfoot: ko-, ki-, k-

Arapaho: he-

Cheyenne: né- (“your”)

Central Algonquian:

Cree: ki-, ᑭ- (ki-)

Menominee: kɛ-

Ojibwe: gi-

Fox: k-, kî-

Miami: ki- (“your”)

Eastern Algonquian:

Abenaki: k-

Malecite-Passamaquoddy: k-

Massachusett: ke-, ku-, k-

Mohegan-Pequot: ku-

Mahican: k- (“your”)

Unami: k-, ki-

From Proto-Algic *keʔ-, whence also Yurok k'e- (“your”) and Wiyot khu-, ku- (“your”), k- (“your”).

ki·piči (“your tooth”)


fram-

From fram (“forward, from, out of”). More at from.

framfær

framdōn

framānȳdan

framāstyrian

from, forth, away, out, out of (compare Latin ex-, dē)


अन-

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀡- (aṇa-), from Sanskrit अन्- (an-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”). Distant cognate with English un- and Latin in-.

inh+

अन- (an-) + कहा (kahā, “said”) → अनकहा (anakhā, “unsaid, unspoken”)


अन-

Alternative form of अ- (a-) used in front of vowels


अन-

A negating prefix. non-, un-, a-, an-, etc.


अन-

From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by laryngeal and a vowel: that is, in an open syllable of the n̥HV- form. Compare Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-).


अ-

Ashokan Prakrit:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi:

Marathi: अन- (an-)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi:

Hindi: अन- (an-)

Urdu: انـ (an-)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अ- (a-)

Urdu: اـ (a-)

→ Marathi: अ- (a-)

→ Nepali: अ- (a-), अन- (an-)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Compare Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).


अ-

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Há-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁é (“and then”). Cognate to Phrygian ε- (e-), Ancient Greek ἐ- (e-).

Used in the formation of imperfect, aorist and conditional tenses.


เหนือ

th-prefix

เหนือ • (nʉ̌ʉa)

From Proto-Tai *ʰnɯəᴬ (“upstream; above”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩮᩬᩥᩋ, Lao ເໜືອ (nư̄a), Lü ᦵᦐᦲ (ṅoe), Tai Dam ꪹꪘ, Shan ၼိူဝ် (nǒe), Tai Nüa ᥘᥫᥴ (lóe), Aiton ꩫိုဝ် (nüw), Ahom 𑜃𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (nüw), Zhuang nw, Nong Zhuang now, Zuojiang Zhuang nwa.

cog

Lü ᦵᦐᦲ (ṅoe)


mé-

mé- + faire → méfaire

Alternative form of més- used before consonants.


æfter-

Middle English: efter-, after-

English: after-

From æfter (“behind, after”). More at æfter.

æftergengel

æfterfylian, æfterfylġan

æftercnēoresu

æftersprecan

æfterhǣþa

æfterrynne

æfterspyrian

to track out, search for, inquire about, examine


par-

Borrowed from French par-, from Latin per-.

lernar (“to learn”) → parlernar (“to learn thoroughly, master”)

(used especially with verbal roots, denoting completeness or thoroughness)


par-

prefix forming agentive nouns from verbs with mar-


més-

Inherited from Middle French mes-, from Old French mes- (“badly, wrongly”), from Frankish *missa-, from Proto-Germanic *missa- (“divergent, amiss, astay”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey-t(h₂)- (“to swap, exchange”). Akin to Old English mis- (“mis-”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰- (missa-), Old High German missa- (“mis-”). More at mis-.

der

més- + estimer → mésestimer

mes-

until 18th century; was used before vowels as well as consonants


maxillo-

(anatomy) Of or relating to the maxilla (jaw).


sovra-

From Vulgar Latin *subrā, a variant of suprā either through intervocalic voicing or influenced by sub. Doublet of sopra- and sor-.


ا-

اـ (canonical)
a- (alternative)
अ- (Hindi)


ophid-

From Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis, “snake”).


myrmeco-

From Ancient Greek μύρμηκος (múrmēkos, “ant’s”), genitive of μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”). Doublet of the obsolete term mire.


þurh-

Middle English: þurh-, thurgh-, thurh-, thoru-, thrugh-, throu-

English: thorough-, through- (?)

Old English þurh, þuruh (“through”). More at þurh

through, over (with verbs of motion; compare Latin trans-)

thoroughly, completely; continually (with nouns, adjectives, adverbs; compare Latin per-)


forþ-

Middle English: forth-

English: forth-

forþgang

forth, forward; away; still, continuously

forþhealdan


wiþer-

Middle English: wither-

English: wither- (dialectal)

Scots: weather-, wother-, widder-

wiþercierran

wiþermāl

against, contrary, opposed to; anti-, counter-


niþer-

Middle English: neother-, nither-

English: nether-

niþerdǣl

below, beneath; situated in a lower position, lower

niþersettan

niþertorfian


æf-

ofþynċan (“to offend, to insult”) → æfþunca, æfþanca (“offense”)

æfgrynde

æfweard

æfwyrþ

æfwyrdla

æf- + wela (“wealth”) → æfwela (“decrease in wealth”)

absence, detriment, reduction; dis-, de-, un-


հեռուստա-

head

հեռուստա- • (heṙusta-)

hy-prefix

հեռուստա- • (heṙusta-)

Abstracted away from հեռուստատեսություն (heṙustatesutʻyun, “television”) or հեռուստացույց (heṙustacʻuycʻ, “TV set”).

հեռուստա- (heṙusta-) + էկրան (ēkran) → հեռուստաէկրան (heṙustaēkran, “TV screen”)

հեռուստա- (heṙusta-) + բանավեճ (banaveč) → հեռուստաբանավեճ (heṙustabanaveč, “televised debates”)

հեռուստա- (heṙusta-) + ալիք (alikʻ) → հեռուստաալիք (heṙustaalikʻ, “television channel”)

tele-, TV, relating to television or TV set


esa-

From Latin hexa-, from Ancient Greek ἑξα- (hexa-), from ἕξ (héx, “six”).


ガン

Onomatopoeic. The prefix is from the abbreviation of がんがん (gangan).

ガンギレ

(slang) (before a verbal noun) Used to intensify a verb.


methyl-

(organic chemistry) Used to form terms describing the attachment of a methyl group

methyl-

prefix used to form terms describing the attachment of a methyl group


seld-

seldsīene

seldcūþ

seldcyme


full-

desctree

Middle English: ful-, ffol-, fol-, full-, vol-
English: full-; (fulfil, fulfill)

From Proto-West Germanic *full-, *fulla- (“fully, completely”), related to Old English full (“full, complete”).

fulhār

fullcuman

fullġearwian

fullclǣne


manig-

English: mani-, manifold

maniġfealdan

maniġhīwe


fela-

felafeald

felaġeong


æt-

Middle English: at-, et-, æt-
English: at-

⇒ Middle English: atwite

English: twite, twit

ætbēon

ætbreġdan

ætclīþan

æteġian

ætealdod


tidar-

Originally genitive singular form of tid

(poetic, archaic) prefix used for creating some words related to time


ongean-

onġēanwiþerian

onġēanwinnende

onġēancyme

onġēanfealdan

onġēanhweorfan

onġēanlecgan


pentakis-

(mathematics) A variant of penta-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix.

(chemistry) A variant of penta-, used for substitutions of five complex rather than simple units: pentakis(phenylthio)pyridine, or to distinguish five simple substituents from a single polymer of five units


เอก

From Pali eka (“one”) or Sanskrit एक (eka, “one”).


octakis-

From Ancient Greek ὀκτάκις (oktákis, “eight times”).

bor

(mathematics) A variant of octo-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix: octakishexahedron

(chemistry) A variant of octo-, used for substitutions of eight complex rather than simple units: octakis(dimethylamino)tetraphosphonitrile

a solid figure contained by 48 scalene triangles


tris-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τρις (tris, “thrice”).

(chemistry, obsolete) A variant of tri- used to indicate that the component that does not take the prefix occurs three times in the compound: trisphosphuret of copper is PCu₃; trisbenzeneazoresorcinol, C₆H(OH)₂(N₂Ph)₃.

trisbenzene-azophenol, C₆H₂(N:NC₆H₅)₃OH

tristhio-dimethyl-benzaldehyde, {C₆H₃(CH₃)₂CHS}₃

(chemistry) A variant of tri-, used for substitutions of three complex rather than simple units, as in,


decakis-

(mathematics) A variant of deca-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix

(chemistry) A variant of deca-, used for substitutions of ten complex rather than simple units: decakis(dichloromethyl)biphenyl


heptakis-

From Ancient Greek ἑπτάκις (heptákis, “seven times”).

der

(mathematics) A variant of hepta-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix.

heptakis-(3-O-methyl-2,6-di-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin

(chemistry) A variant of hepta-, used for substitutions of seven complex rather than simple units.


hexakis-

From Ancient Greek ἑξάκις (hexákis, “six times”).

uder

a solid figure contained by 24 scalene triangles

(mathematics) A variant of hexa-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix.

(chemistry) A variant of hexa-, used for substitutions of six complex rather than simple units.


bis-

An occasional variant of bi- prefixed to roots beginning with a vowel, as in bisalternate

(chemistry, obsolete) A variant of di- used to indicate that the component that does not take the prefix occurs twice in the compound: a bisoxide is of the form B₂O (cf. dioxide for XO₂)

Bis (η⁶-arene) metal complexes have been made for many transition metals by the Al/AlCl₃ reduction method.

(mathematics, chemistry) A variant of di-, used for substitutions of two complex rather than simple units.


bis-

bis- + croma (“quaver”) → biscroma (“demisemiquaver”)

bis- + nonno (“grandfather”) → bisnonno (“great-grandfather”)


bis-

bis- + unto (“oily, greasy”) → bisunto (“very oily or greasy”)

used with adjectives or verbs to denote a generic pejorative connotation


alá-

alá- + becsül (“to value”) → alábecsül (“to undervalue, underestimate”)


тетра-

From combining form of Ancient Greek τέτταρες (téttares), τέσσαρες (téssares, “four”).


bel-

From Middle English bel (“fair, excellent"; in compounds "great-, grand-”), from Anglo-Norman bel, Old French bel (“beautiful, noble, honorable”).

der

belchild (“grandchild”)

beldame (“grandmother”)

belsire (“grandfather”)

(obsolete, no longer productive) A prefix equivalent to grand-


bel-

Back-formation from belső (“interior”). Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

hu-langref

bel- + város (“city”) → belváros (“city centre”)

(noun prefix) interior, internal, domestic


æg-

From ā (“ever”) + ġe- (collective and perfective prefix).

affix

ǣġhwā

ǣġhwæþer

ever; every, each, all, denotes universality (forms pronouns and adverbs)


eft-

eftcyme


-ule

From Latin -ulus, Latin -ula, Latin -ulum.


med-

medstrang

medmiċel

medium-sized, moderate, unimportant, poor

medtrum

medwīs

middle, mediocre, average (often carrying a negative connotation)


gain-

From Middle English gain- (prefix), from Old English geġn-, gēan- (“back, against, in return”, prefix), from Proto-West Germanic *gagin, from Proto-Germanic *gagin (“towards, against”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian juun- (“counter-”), West Frisian tsjin- (“counter-”), Dutch tegen- (“counter-”), German gegen- (“against, toward, at”), Icelandic gagn- (“through”). More at again.

inh

gainsay, gainstand, gainstay, gainstrive

Prefix meaning "against", "contrary to", "in opposition to", "counter-".

gainclap, gaingive, gainyield

Prefix denoting reciprocal action; "in return"; "counter-".

gainbuy, gaincover, gaintake

Prefix denoting restoration or a return to a previous state; "back again".

gainrising, gaincoming

Prefix denoting repetition; "over again"; "anew"; again-.


ymb-

Middle English: umbe-, umb-, um- (in part)

English: um- (in part)

From Proto-West Germanic *umbi (“around”). Akin to Old English ymb, ymbe (“around, about”).

ymbfær

ymbeardian

ymbeþanc

ymbhȳdig

ymbwlātian

ymbesprǣċ

ymbbǣtan


uþ-

From stressed Proto-West Germanic *unþa-.

ūþgenġe

ūþmǣte

ūþwita


fer-

From Old Norse fer-, from Proto-Germanic *feþur-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-, the zero-grade form of *kʷetwóres (“four”).


fer-

From Proto-Germanic *fer-, unstressed form of *firi- (“around, across”), *fra- (“away from, off of, fully”), *furi- (“before, forth, forward”). Akin to Old High German ver-, Gothic faír-.

unstressed form of Old English prefix for-


прек-

прекјуче прекјуче

прексутра прексутра

прексиноћ прексиноћ

преклане преклане

Forming compound words having the sense of something that comes right before or after something, such as: прекјуче, прексутра, прексиноћ, преклане.


нак-

накјуче накјуче

наксутра наксутра

Forming compound words having the sense of something that comes right before or after something that comes right before (or after, respectively) something, such as: накјуче, наксутра.


alag-

alag- + út (“road”) → alagút (“tunnel”)


hist-

histamine

Alternative form of histo- used before vowels.


hist-

Alternative form of histi- used before vowels.


wel-

English: well-

weldǣd

welboren

wellīcian

welhwǣr

well, good, well-; abundantly; very, exceedingly; every (added to nouns, verbs, adjectives and pronouns)


porno-

From πορν- (porn-), the stem of the Ancient Greek πόρνη (pórnē, “prostitute”). Sense 2 from porno(graphy) and porno(grapher), both ultimately also from πόρνη (pórnē, “prostitute”).

der

(now rarely productive) Relating to prostitutes or prostitution.

Relating to, or constituting, pornography.


elio-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”).


tév-

mis-, de-. The derived words are related to falsehood, confusion, mixing up things, etc.


xilo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ξύλον (xúlon, “wood”).


sundor-

From sundor. Cognate with Old Norse sundr-.


dune-

Middle English: dun-, doun-, down-

English: down-

From dūne, ablative dative form of dūn (“hill, down”).

dūnestīġende


crono-

From Ancient Greek Κρόνος (Krónos, “Cronus”).


crono-

Obsolete form of chrono- (“relating to time”).


crono-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).


crono-

From Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).


crono-

crono- + secante → cronosecante


hinder-

English: hinder-

From hinder (“behind, after”, adjective and adverb).

hindergenga

hinderweard

hinderġēap

hinderhōc

hinderþēostru


ær-

From Proto-Germanic *airi- (“before”), cognate with Old English ǣr (“ere, before”).


դժ-

բախտ

դժբախտ


դժ-

From Proto-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-. Compare Central Kurdish دِژ (dij, “against, opposed, counter; inimical, contrary, adverse”).

cog

դժմիտ


ապ-

ապ- (ap-) + օրենք (ōrenkʻ, “law”) → ապօրինի (apōrini, “illegal”)

ապ- (ap-) + երջանիկ (erǰanik, “happy”) → ապերջանիկ (aperǰanik, “unhappy”)

forming the opposites of adjectives; un-

ապա- (apa-) + կենտրոնանալ (kentronanal, “to concentrate”) → ապակենտրոնանալ (apakentronanal, “to deconcentrate”)

appended to verbs to denote reversal, cancellation; un-, dis-, de-


ապ-

Armenian: ապ- (ap-)

Of Iranian origin. Compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄y- /abē-/) and Classical Persian بیـ (bē-), both negative prefixes.

հարկ

ապահարկ

գովել

ապագովել ― apagovel ― to dispraise

appended to verbs to denote reversal, cancellation, un-, dis-, de-


foran-

From foran (“before, opposite”), from oblique case of fora, fore (“forepart, front”). Akin to Old English fora, fore (“before”).

foranbodiġ

foranlencten

forandæġ


cyne-

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of kine-


cyne-

desctree

Middle English: kine-, coin-, ken-, kene-, kin-, kym-, kyne-, cune-, cyne- (Early Middle English)
(English: kindom)
(Scots: kinrick)

From Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kuniz (“race, genealogy”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”).

der

cyne- + boren (“born”) → cyneboren (“of royal birth”)

cyne- + botl (“dwelling”) → cynebotl (“royal palace”)

cyne- + cynn (“family”) → cynecynn (“royal family”)

cyne- + ġierd (“staff”) → cyneġierd (“scepter”)

cyne- + helm (“helmet”) → cynehelm (“crown”)

cyne- + hof (“hall”) → cynehof (“king's court”)

cyne- + rīċe (“realm”) → cynerīċe (“kingdom”)

cyne- + setl (“seat”) → cynesetl (“throne”)


steop-

desc

Middle English: steop-, step-, stappe-, ste-

English: step-

Scots: step-

From Proto-West Germanic *steupa- (“bereft, pushed out”).
Akin to Old Frisian stiap-, Old High German stiof- (German stief-), Old Norse stjup- (Swedish styv-), Middle Low German stef-, Dutch stief-, Old English āstīepan (“to bereave, orphan”), bestīepan (“to deprive of children”).


fea-

From Proto-Germanic *fawaz (“small, few”), from *pau- (“smallness”). Akin to Old English fēawa (“few”), fēawe (“small, little”).

fēasceaft

fēalōg


lang-

Þú ert langbesti bróðir minn!

Rakel kom með langbesta svarið.

Langkorna hrísgrjón.


betweon-

From betwēonum (“between, near to both”).

betwīnforlētnes


micel-

miċeldōende

miċelǣte

miċelmōd

miċelhēafdede


middel-

From Old Norse meðal- and Middle Low German middel.


middan-

From on middan, from on + oblique (dative) case of midde (“middle”).

middanġeard

the world, universe, globe, mankind, middle-earth

middansumor


hund-

From Proto-West Germanic *hund-, apparently from a metathesis of numerals ending in Proto-Germanic *-tēhundą, placing the hund- at the fore. Akin to Old Saxon ant- (compare Dutch tachtig (“eighty”)).

hundeahtatiġ

prefix used at the beginning of numerals from 70 to 120


hund-

From Proto-Germanic *hundą (“hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”). Akin to Old English hund (“hundred”).

hundwelle

hundfrēa

hundwintre

of a hundred winters, aged 100 years, 100 years old


hund-

hundwealh


ang-

From Proto-West Germanic *angu-, from Proto-Germanic *anguz, related to Old English ange, enge.

angbrēost "tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, asthma"

angmōd

angnæġl

angset


ang-

From Proto-West Germanic *angu-, from Proto-Germanic *anguz, related to Old Saxon engi.

angseto "pimple, blister"


algo-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἄλγος (álgos).

algo- + -genic → algogenic


algo-

algo- + therapy → algotherapy


alo-

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.


alo-

From Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), ἁλός (halós, “salt”).


alo-

alomahtig "almighty"

alothioda "mankind"

alowaldand "almighty, ruling over everyone"

alowaldo "almighty, ruling over everyone"


alo-

alo- + -graf → alograf


alo-

From Ancient Greek ἀλλο- (allo-), combining form of ἄλλος (állos, “other”).


alo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀλλο- (allo-), combining form of ἄλλος (állos, “other”).


weas-

wēasġelimp


eormen-

From Proto-West Germanic *ermun-, *irmin-, from Proto-Germanic *ermunaz. Akin to Old Saxon irmin-, Icelandic jörmun-.

eormencynn

eormenlāf

greatness, universality; whole, immense, pan-


weden-

From Proto-Germanic *wōdīnaz (“insanity”).

wēdensēoc

wēdenheort

raving mad, crazy, insane, lunatic; madness

wēdenheortness


onweg-

Middle English: awei-


հակա-

From Old Armenian հակ (hak) + -ա- (-a-).


kerauno-

From Ancient Greek κεραυνός (keraunós, “lightning, thunderbolt”).


bashkë-

bashkë- + punoj (“I work”) → bashkëpunoj (“I cooperate; I collaborate”)


viszont-

Cognate of vissza (“back”); see more at viszont.

viszont- + szeret (“to love”) → viszontszeret (“to love back, to return the love one received”)

(verbal prefix) in return, repaying, reciprocating something

viszont- + lát (“to see”) → viszontlát (“to see again, to meet again”)


huszon-

twenty- (used to form cardinal numbers starting with twenty; only used in compound words)


ที่

From Proto-Tai *diːᴮ, possibly from Middle Chinese 地 (MC dijH). Cognate with Lao ທີ່ (thī), Northern Thai ᨴᩦ᩵, Lü ᦑᦲᧈ (tii¹), Shan တီႈ (tīi), Ahom 𑜄𑜣 (tī), Zhuang dih. Outside Tai-Kadai: compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *tiʔ ~ tiiʔ ~ tiəʔ (“that yonder”), Mon တေံ (teʔ, “that”), Khmer ទី (tii), Vietnamese thì (“then, which, to be”). Compare Malay di.

cog

ที่ปรึกษา

(creating a noun from a verb) the person who.

ที่เปิดขวด

(creating a noun from a verb) an object pertaining to which; that which; an object for; for the purpose of; equipment or gear for a purpose.

(creating a noun from a verb) a concept or idea pertaining to which.

(creating a noun from a verb) a place or location pertaining to which; a place to do something.

(creating a noun from a verb) an event, time, duration, or occurrence pertaining to which.

บทที่หนึ่ง

used with cardinal numbers to create ordinals. (Compare Chinese 第 (dì).)

used to indicate comparisons or ordering.


anfi-

amphi- (Note. Words are either of Greek or Latin derivation)


anemo-

From Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind”).


anemo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind”).


anemo-

anemo- + -gamia → anemogamia


vala-

hogy (“how”) → valahogy (“somehow”)

hol (“where”) → valahol (“somewhere”)

ki (“who”) → valaki (“someone”)

mikor (“when”) → valamikor (“sometime, at an unspecified time”)

interrogative pronoun
interrogative pronoun

(pronoun prefix) some- (attached to interrogative pronouns)


anto-

From Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).


anto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).


samod-

From samod (“together”) from Proto-Germanic *samaþa (“together”). Akin to Old High German samit (“together”).

samodfæst

samodcumende

samodherian

samodsīþian

samodwyrcende

samodsprǣċ

samodtang

samodswēġend

samodeard

samodġeflit


anglo-

anglo- + -fobia → anglofobia


anglo-

Anglo- (relating to England or the United Kingdom)

Anglo- (relating to the English language)


antropo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos).


antropo-

Internationalism (see English anthropo-).


antropo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, human”).


antropo-

From Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos).

antropo- + centrum → antropocentryzm


antropo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos).


brio-

brio- + -fag → briofag


criso-

From Ancient Greek χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”).


lito-

From Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


scia-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σκῐά (skiá, “shade”).


carcino-

From Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”).


glico-

From Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”).


filo-

filowīs (“very wise”)


filo-

filo- + -genia → filogenia


cito-

From Latin cytus, from Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos, “container, receptacle”).


cito-

From Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos, “vessel, container”).


morfo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μορφο- (morpho-) and -μορφος (-morphos), from μορφή (morphḗ, “form, shape”).


pato-

Derived from Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos).

der+

pato- + -logia → patologia

pato- + stream → patostream

used to describe dysfunctionality or negative social behavior in general


noso-

From Ancient Greek νοσο- (noso-, “disease”), combining form of νόσος (nósos, “disease”).

disease, sickness

2015, “noso-, nos-, nosero-, noser-, -nosia, -nosis, -noses, -nosus, nosema-”, in Robertson's words for a modern age: a dictionary of English vocabulary words derived primarily from Latin and Greek sources, presented individually and in family units, Senior Scribe Publications, retrieved 2015-03-25:


noso-

From Ancient Greek νόσος (nósos, “disease”).


ittio-

From Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús, “fish”).


ア-

From Classical Ainu アン-, of the same meaning.


xanto-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξᾰνθός (xanthós, “yellow”).

lbor

xantho- (word formation element that expresses the idea of yellow, blond)


calco-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”).


calco-

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


cromo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma).

bor+

(chemistry) chromo- (relating to chromium)


orto-

From Ancient Greek ὀρθο- (ortho-), combining form of ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright, erect”).


orto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀρθο- (ortho-), combining form of ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright”).


ciano-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κυάνεος (kuáneos, “dark blue”).


crio-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “cold, frost, ice”).


crio-

From Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “cold, frost, ice”).


termo-

From Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “warm, hot”).


termo-

Derived from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “warm, hot”).


termo-

Internationalism (see English thermo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós).


pedo-

From Ancient Greek παῖς (paîs, “child”).


pedo-

From Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon, “ground”).


galatto-

From Ancient Greek stem γάλακτ- (gálakt-) of γάλα (gála, “milk, milky sap, the Milky Way”).


ipno-

From Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).


mio-

From Ancient Greek μυός (muós, “muscle”).


mio-

From combining form of Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”).


fono-

From Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


fono-

fono- + -logia → fonologia


fono-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ).

bor+

fonologia


þri-

From Proto-Germanic *þri-, combining form of *þrīz (“three”).


þri-

Proto-West Germanic: *þri-

Old English: þri-

Old High German: drī-

Old Norse: þrí-

From pre-Germanic *tri-, combining form of Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


trico-

From Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx, “hair”).


piro-

From Ancient Greek πυρο- (puro-), combining form of πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


piro-

pirotecnia


piro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πυρο- (puro-), combining form of πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


rino-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós), genitive of ῥίς (rhís, “nose”).


rino-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós), genitive of ῥίς (rhís, “nose”).


rino-

Borrowed from French rhino-, from Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós), genitive of ῥίς (rhís, “nose”).


oto-

New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὠτ- (ōt-), the stem of οὖς (oûs, “ear”)


oto-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὠτ- (ōt-), the stem of οὖς (oûs, “ear”).


oto-

From Dutch auto-, from Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-).


oto-

From French auto-, from Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-).


tecno-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τεχνο- (tekhno-), combining form of τέχνη (tékhnē, “art, craft”).


tecno-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τεχνο- (tekhno-), from τέχνη (tékhnē, “art, craft”).


artro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “a joint”).


artro-

From Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “a joint”).


artro-

artro- + -logia → artrologia


artro-

(biology, anatomy) arthro- (referring to a joint or articulation)


karyo-

From Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “kernel”).


cino-

From Ancient Greek κυνός (kunós, “dog”).


cino-

Back-formation from cinese (“Chinese”), from Cina + -ese. Doublet of sino-.


condro-

From Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros, “grain; cartilage”).


aza-

Derived from shortening the word azote (“nitrogen”).

(organic chemistry) Used to form names of organic compounds where a carbon atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom.


alk-

(organic chemistry) Used to form classification names for classes of organic compounds which contain a carbon skeleton but no aromatic rings. See e.g. alkyl, alkane.


prop-

By false splitting from propionic or directly from French propionique. Ultimately from Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) and πίων (píōn, “fat”).

(organic chemistry) Denoting the presence of 3 carbon atoms in the parent chain when forming names of organic compounds.


eth-

From ethyl. Ultimately from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “ether”).

(organic chemistry) Used as a combining form to denote the presence of 2 carbon atoms in the parent chain when forming names of organic compounds.


but-

From butyl. Ultimately from Ancient Greek βούτυρος (boúturos, “butter”).

der

(organic chemistry) Denotes the presence of four carbon atoms in the parent chain when forming names of organic compounds.


é-

Inherited from Old French es-, from Latin ex-, ē-.

prefix indicating away, moving away from; sometimes used as an intensifier, for example in écru


é-

(disjunct prefix of position I); postpositional prefix meaning “about”, “concerning”; is often found in contraction with ná- (“around”, reversionary) as (b)éé-, where it converges in shape with -í (“against”)

postpositional prefix meaning “about”, “concerning”; is often found in contraction with ná- (“around”, reversionary) as (b)éé-, where it converges in shape with -í (“against”)
► Navajo terms prefixed with é- (postpositional)


é-

Irish: éa-

From Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

é- + trom (“heavy”) → étrum (“light”, literally “unheavy”)

é- + cubus (“conscience”) → écubus (“bad faith”, literally “non-conscience”)

é- + cosmail (“like, similar”) → écsamail (“dissimilar, different”)


körül-

néz (“to look”) → körülnéz (“to look around”)

ír (“to write”) → körülír (“to describe, to paraphrase, to circumscribe”)

(verbal prefix) circum-, around. It indicates an action around something (also figuratively).


ar-

Potassium permanganate oxidizes ac-tetrahydronaphtylamine to o-hydrocinnam-carboxylic acid (p. 245); ar-tetrahydronaphthylamine, however, because of the oxidation of its amided benzene nucleus, is changed to adipic acid together with oxalic acid (B. 22, 767): […]

1900, Edgar Fahs Smith (English translator), R. Anschütz (German editor), Victor von Richter's Organic Chemistry: or, Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds, Third American Edition, Volume II, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., page 393

ar-Tetrahydro-α-carbamidonaphthalene, C₁₁H₁₄ON₂, crystallized in square plates from alc., soften at 198° and melts at about 206° (quickly heated, at 212°).

1919 January 10, C. J. West, abstract of G. Schroeter and K. Thomas, “Transformation of tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) in the animal body”; in American Chemical Society, Chemical Abstracts, Volume 13, Number 1, page 43

1-Naphthylamine is reduced by sodium and isopentanol to ar'''-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine; the prefix ar- is the abbreviation of aromatic and indicates that the four hydrogen atoms are not in the ring containing the amino-group: […]

2006, Amit Arora, Aromatic Organic Chemistry, Discovery Publishing House, published 2007, →ISBN, page 173:

organic compounds
organic compounds#English

(organic chemistry) Forming classification names for classes of organic compounds that contain a carbon skeleton and one or more aromatic rings.


ar-

Shortened from area (because the function describes the area under a hyperbola), by analogy with arc-, the corresponding prefix for the circular trigonometric functions.

(mathematics, trigonometry) Used to form the names of inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions, and the symbols for these functions.


ar-

From Proto-Celtic *ɸare-. Prefix form of ar (“in front of”).


ar-

ar- (mutation mutation-radical)
har- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *ar-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

ar- + nofio (“to swim”) → arnofio (“to float”)

ar- + ysgrif (“writing”) → arysgrif (“inscription, epigraph”)

ar- + lliw (“colour”) → arlliw (“shade”)

ar- + môr (“sea”) → arfor (“coast”)


ar-

Breton: ar-

Cornish: ar-

Welsh: ar-


egybe-

From egy (“one”) + -be (illative suffix).

egybe- + ír (“to write”) → egybeír (“to write as one word”)


հ-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-, either via Proto-Iranian *hu- (“good”) or contaminated with it.

հ- (h-) + սկայ (skay, “giant”) → հսկայ (hskay, “giant”)

հ- (h-) + զօր (zōr, “power, might”) → հզօր (hzōr, “powerful, mighty”)

հ- (h-) + մուտ (mut, “entering, going in”) → հմուտ (hmut, “skilful, experienced”)

հ- (h-) + լու (lu, “the act of listening”) → հլու (hlu, “obedient”)

հ- (h-) + ուրախ (urax, “happy”) → խրախ (xrax, “happy”)


þrim-

From Proto-Germanic *þrim, dative form of *þrīz (“three”). Akin to Old English þrīe (“three”).

þrimfeald

þrimen


fiþer-

From Proto-Germanic *feþur- (“four”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres (“four”). Akin to Old English fēower (“four”).

fiþerfeald

fiþerrīċe


létre-

From the inflected noun létre, from lét (“being, existence”) + -re (“onto”, case suffix).

affix

hoz (“to bring”) → létrehoz (“to create, bring about, establish, found something”)

hív (“to invite”) → létrehív (“to create, initiate, originate something”) (literary)

jön (“to come”) → létrejön (“to be established, set up, to be arrived at, struck up”)

(verbal prefix) into being, into existence (only used with the following three verbs:)


austro-

From Latin Austria, a Latinization of Old High German Ostarrîchi.


austro-

austro-húngaro
Austro-Hungarian


kyber-

kyberrikollinen


butyro-

/ˈbjuːtɪɹəʊ/

Combining form of Latin būtȳrum (“butter”).


pót-

Back-formation from pótol by splitting the verb ending -ol. Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

hu-langref

pót- + kerék (“wheel”) → pótkerék (“spare tire”)

(noun prefix) spare, additional, supplementary, substitute


ավտո-

ավտոտնակ

ավտովարորդ


méga-

From Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “great, large, mighty”).


hectokilo-

(obsolete) In the metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 100,000. Symbol: hk


bati-

(Latin America) Bat-; belonging to or associated with Batman.


rhizo-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥίζα (rhíza, “root”).


dendr-

From Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”).

Used to form words concerning trees or branching


calli-

From Ancient Greek κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”).


callo-

Alternative form of calli- (“beautiful”)


archae-

From Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “ancient”, “primitive”), from ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “beginning”).

uder

ancient; antediluvian; archaic; old; prehistoric; primitive


speleo-

From Ancient Greek σπήλαιον (spḗlaion, “cave”).


carpo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).

(chiefly medicine) carpus (wrist) or hand.


carpo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “fruit”).


carpo-

(anatomy) forms terms concerning the bones of the wrist


carpo-

From Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “fruit”), through French carpo-.


chryso-

From Ancient Greek χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”).


ceno-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new, recent”).

Cenozoic


ceno-

From Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new, recent”).


ceno-

ceno- + geneza → cenogeneza


cerato-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras, “horn”).

bor+

(New Latin) kerato- (horned; horn-like).


centro-

centro- + africano → centroafricano (“Central African”)

centro- + europeo → centroeuropeo (“Central European”)


centro-

centro- + lewica → centrolewica


chemio-

chemo- (related to chemical substances or reactions)


tropo-

From Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “turn, way, manner, style”).

der

Characterized by or related to turning motion.


tropo-

From Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “turn, change, response”).


ciclo-

(chemistry) cyclo- (relating to or being a cyclic compound)


atmo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “vapor, smoke, steam”).


atmo-

From Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós, “vapor, smoke, steam”).


atmo-

atmo- + -metr → atmometr


anarcho-

Combining form of anarchist, anarchism + -o-.


anarcho-

anarcho- + indywidualizm → anarchoindywidualizm


cine-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō, “to move”). Compare kine-.


cine-

cine-; forms words relating to the cinema or cinematography


argento-

(chemistry, mineralogy) argento- (relating to or containing silver)


circon-

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin circum-.


bele-

bele- + szeret (“to love”) → beleszeret (“to fall in love with ……”)

bele- + mászik (“to climb”) → belemászik (“to climb in[to] ……”)


maxi-

Back-formation from maximum on the analogy of minimum and mini-, ultimately from Latin maximus (“large”).

Denotes a larger than usual version of an item.


clado-

From Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “shoot, branch”).


clado-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “shoot, branch”).


túl-

the derived terms of túl as an adverb and as a postposition

él (“to live”) → túlél (“to survive”)

(verbal prefix) over; beyond something, farther

súly (“weight”) → túlsúly (“overweight”)

excessive, excess, over- (greater than the usual)

túlvilág

túlóra

túlérzékeny

túlbuzgó


dex-

(in the names of some pharmaceutical drugs) Alternative form of dextro-; denoting a dextrorotatory form.


clino-

From Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō, “to lean”).


coleo-

(sciences) having the shape of a sheath or case


cef-

cefalosporanic acid
cefalosporanic acid#English

(pharmacology) Used to form names of cefalosporanic acid derivative used as antibiotics.


colpo-

From Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “any hollow space; womb”).


parthen-

From Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”).

uder

(botany and biology) absence of fertilisation, asexual reproduction


leuko-

From Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”).

leuko- + -emia → leukemia

leuko- + -penia → leukopenia


hemato-

hemato- + -fag → hematofag


hemato-

From Ancient Greek αἵματος (haímatos, “blood”).


cripto-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden, secret”).


cripto-

From Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden, secret”).


cripto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden, secret”).


анти-

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).


анти-

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-анти-.wav


carto-

forms terms relating to paper or card/cards


dattilo-

From Latin dactylo-, derived from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).


dermato-

dermal: dermis, but also often, broadly, skin or epidermis.


dermato-

Derived from Ancient Greek δέρματο- (dérmato-), combining form of δέρμα (dérma, “skin”).


dermato-

From Ancient Greek δέρματο- (dérmato-), combining form of δέρμα (dérma, “skin”).


dermato-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέρματο- (dérmato-).

lbor

dermato- + plastyka → dermatoplastyka


desmo-

From Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “band, connection”).


desmo-

desmo- (forms terms relating to bonds, adhesion or ligaments)


desmo-

desmo- + -logia → desmologia


dolico-

From Ancient Greek δολιχός (dolikhós, “long”).


etno-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos).


etno-

Internationalism (compare English ethno-); ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos).


etno-

Derived from Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos).

der+

etno- + -logia → etnologia


דו

head

דּוּ • (du-)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), originally in limited Rabbinic Hebrew expressions like דו פרצופין "two-faced".

משמעות (mashma'út, “meaning”) → דו משמעי (du-mashma'í, “ambiguous”)

חי (khai, “to live, alive”) → דו חי (du-khai, “amphibian”)

מין (min, “sex”) → דו מיני (du-miní, “bisexual”)

קומה (kumá, “floor, story”) → דו קומתי (du-kumatí, “two-story, double-decker”)

צד (tzad, “side”) → דו צדדי (du-tzdadí, “two-sided, bilateral”)


echino-

From combining form of Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos, “hedgehog”).

der

(chiefly zoology) Forming compound terms denoting something prickly or, specifically, indicating the sea urchin.


econo-

She bought the econo-brand groceries instead of the name brand ones.


Nilo-

Nilo-Saharan

Nilo-Hamitic

(linguistics) Of or pertaining to the Nile.


ró-

From Old Irish ro-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸro-, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognate of Welsh rhy-, Old Breton ro- (Breton re-); cognate of English fore, Latin prō. Compare Scottish Gaelic rò-.

(with adjective) very (in a negative way)


mí-

mí- (mutation mutation-radical)
mhí- (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish mí- (compare Scottish Gaelic mì-), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”). Cognate with English mis-, Latin minus (“lesser”), Ancient Greek μείων (meíōn, “less”).

bad, ill-, evil, dis-, mis-, mal-

un-, in-, dis-, mis-


mí-

Irish: mí-

Manx: mee-

Scottish Gaelic: mì-

mí- (mutation mutation-radical)
also mmí- after a proclitic (mutation mutation-radical)
ending in a vowel (mutation mutation-radical)
mí- (mutation mutation-nasal)

Possibly from mis (“less”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”).


emi-

From a- (“relative”) + mi- (“class 4 basic noun prefix”).


enantio-

/ɛˌnæntɪˈəʊ/

From the Ancient Greek ἐναντίος (enantíos, “opposite”).


Tibeto-

Tibeto-Burman

Tibeto-Buddhist

Tibeto-Himalayan


zwie-

From Old High German zwi-. Cognate with Old Norse tuī-, Old English twi-, Dutch twee-, Gothic *𐍄𐍅𐌹- (*twi-), Low German twi-, Latin bi-, Sanskrit dvi-.


eno-

From Ancient Greek οἶνος (oînos, “wine”).

oeno- (used to form terms related to grapes or wine)


eno-

Contraction of earlier éden, from Proto-Slavic *(j)edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”).


epato-

From the Ancient Greek ἠπᾰτ- (ēpat-), the stem of ἧπᾰρ (hêpar, “liver”).


erio-

From Ancient Greek ἔριον (érion, “wool”).

used to form terms relating to wool or other fibres


ergo-

ergo- + -nomia → ergonomia


erythro-

From Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “red”).

Used to form scientific terms meaning red, or showing a relationship to red blood cells.


eroto-

From Ancient Greek ἔρως, ἔρωτος (érōs, érōtos, “love”).

ἔρως, ἔρωτος

Used to form terms related to sexual desire.

éroto-

used to form terms related to sexual desire


eroto-

From Ancient Greek Ἔρωτος (Érōtos), genitive of Ἔρως (Érōs, “Eros”).


estesio-

esthesio- / aesthesio- (forming terms related to sensation or perception)


fanta-

used to form terms relating to fiction or to fantasy


phago-

From Byzantine Greek φᾰγ- (phag-), perfective stem of ἔφᾰγον (éphagon, “I ate, I devoured”), singular first-person aorist active indicative form (by suppletion) of ἐσθῐ́ω (esthíō, “to eat, devour, consume”).

(physiology) Of or pertaining to the phagocyte.


ober-

From Middle High German ober, from Old High German obar.


aden-

Alternative form of adeno-, used before vowels.


aden-

(before vowels) Alternative form of adeno-


feno-

feno- + -grafia → fenografia


fito-

From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).


fito-

fito- + biologia → fitobiologia


fito-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”), from φύω (phúō, “to generate, to cause to grow”).


fito-

From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”), from φύω (phúō, “to generate, to cause to grow”).


adeno-

From Ancient Greek ἀδήν (adḗn, “gland”).


adeno-

From Ancient Greek ἀδένος (adénos, “gland”).


nem-

Irish: neamh-

Manx: neu-

Scottish Gaelic: neo-


neamh-

From Middle Irish nem-, from Old Irish neph- (compare Scottish Gaelic neo-, Manx neu-).


⠰⠛ -ong, ⠰⠇ -ful, ⠰⠞ -ment, ⠰⠑ -ence, ⠰⠎ -ness, ⠰⠝ -tion, ⠰⠽ -ity

Marks various letter sequences that are common at the ends of words:


α ⠂⠁, β ⠂⠃, γ ⠂⠛, δ ⠂⠙, ε ⠂⠑, ζ ⠂⠵, η ⠂⠱, θ ⠂⠹, ι ⠂⠊, κ ⠂⠅, λ ⠂⠇, μ ⠂⠍, ν ⠂⠝, ξ ⠂⠭, ο ⠂⠕, π ⠂⠏, ρ ⠂⠗, σ ⠂⠎, τ ⠂⠞, υ ⠂⠥, φ ⠂⠋, χ ⠂⠯, ψ ⠂⠽, ω ⠂⠺

Marks non-Latin letters, such as the following for International Greek Braille:


⠐⠓ here, ⠐⠮ there, ⠐⠱ where, ⠐⠑ ever, ⠐⠳ ought, ⠐⠋ father, ⠐⠍ mother, ⠐⠝ name, ⠐⠡ character, ⠐⠟ question, ⠐⠅ know, ⠐⠇ lord, ⠐⠕ one, ⠐⠙ day, ⠐⠎ some, ⠐⠏ part, ⠐⠞ time, ⠐⠗ right, ⠐⠹ through, ⠐⠥ under, ⠐⠺ work, ⠐⠽ young


droch-

droch- (mutation mutation-radical)
dhroch- (lenition mutation)
ndroch- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish droch (“bad”), from Proto-Celtic *drukos. Cognates include Welsh drwg, Breton drog, Scottish Gaelic droch.


leath-

lying, turned, to one side; lopsided, tilted


fisio-

From Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis, “nature”).


flebo-

From Ancient Greek φλέψ (phléps, “vein”).


flebo-

flebo- + -grafia → flebografia


တ

တစောင်းကြည့်သည်

တလဲလဲ

တမတ်မတ်

အဆောတလျင် ― a.hcau:ta.lyang ― quickly (< ဆောလျင်)

တစိုးရိမ်ရိမ် ― ta.cui:rim-rim ― anxiously (< စိုးရိမ်)

prefixed to simple verb or to some compound one alternately for forming adverb


fuori-

fuori- + moda (“fashion”) → fuorimoda (“out of fashion”)

fuori- + misura (“size”) → fuorimisura (“outsized”)

used to form terms meaning outside of or beyond something


gallo-

gallo- + -fil → gallofil


fungi-

Borrowed from Latin fungi, the nominative plural of fungus.


galvano-

Synonym of electro-, particularly with regard to bioelectricity and some specific applications.


einzel-

Einzelfahrt


geronto-

From Ancient Greek γέρων (gérōn, “old man”).

Pertaining to old age or elderly people.


geronto-

geronto- (Forms terms related to old age or the elderly)


geronto-

geronto- + -filia → gerontofilia


igro-

From Ancient Greek ὑγρός (hugrós, “wet”, “moist”).


giro-

giro- + kompas → girokompas


glotto-

Learned borrowing from Attic Greek γλωττο- (glōtto-) from the Ancient Greek γλῶττα (glôtta, “tongue”), Attic form of γλῶσσα (glôssa).

lbor

glotto- + -phobia → glottophobia


glotto-

glotto- + -logia → glottologia


gonio-

From Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “angle”).

He had turn’d the same covetous Angles as the Welshman,– tho’ perhaps never as many, for Shelby seem’d seiz’d with Goniolatry, or the Worship of Angles, defining tracts of virgin Land by as many of these exhilarating Instrumental Sweeps, as possible.

1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 587:


gonio-

used to form terms relating to (the measurement of) angles


gono-

From Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “genitals”).

used to form terms relating to sexual reproduction


gono-

gono- + -cyt → gonocyt


gravi-

forms terms relating to weight, and thus to both gravity and pregnancy


grafo-

grafo- + -logia → grafologia


icono-

Equivalent to icon + -o-. From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn), as in terms such as εἰκονοκλάστης (eikonoklástēs).

Forms terms relating to images or to icons


icono-

forms terms relating to images or to icons


iatro-

From Ancient Greek ῑ̓ᾱτρο- (īātro-), combining form of ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).


iatro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).


iatro-

From Ancient Greek ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).


greco-

Learned borrowing from Latin Graecus, from Ancient Greek [Term?].

mitologia greco-romana


iero-

From Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”).


intro-

From Latin intro- (“inwards”), from intro (“inward, inwards”), q.v.

introverted: self-involved, turned within the self


intro-

forms words relating to in, into or inward


bucco-

From buccal, from Latin bucca (“mouth; cheek”).

(anatomy, medicine, dentistry) buccal; related to the cheek.

(anatomy, medicine, dentistry) (rarely; historically) oral; related to the mouth, especially the oral cavity.


quilo-

Borrowed from French kilo-, from Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi, “thousand”).

kilo- (SI prefix expressing 10³ of the base unit)


quilo-

From Ancient Greek χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip, edge”).

cheilo- (combining form used in scientific neologisms to indicate the lips or an edge)


quilo-

From Ancient Greek χυλός (khulós, “secretion, bile”).

chole- (combining form used in scientific neologisms to indicate bile)

quilopericardi

presence of bile in the pericardial fluid


ippo-

From Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos, “horse”).

hippo- (forming terms relating to horse)


ipso-

From Ancient Greek ὕψος (húpsos, “height, peak”).


leuco-

white, bright, clear, light grey, or pale


leuco-

Alternative spelling of leuko- (“white; colourless; leucocyte”)


leuco-

From Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”).


malaco-

From Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft”), the word that French mollusque (“mollusk”), originally from Latin mollis (“soft”) was meant to be a calque of.

(biology) Forms terms relating to molluscs.

malacoid ― soft-bodied


malaco-

From Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft”).


malaco-

(biology) forms terms relating to molluscs


meno-

From Ancient Greek μείς, μηνός (meís, mēnós, “month”).


éa-

From Old Irish é-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Related to Old English un- (modern English un-, Latin in-, Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), and Sanskrit अ- (a-).


tair-

tair- (mutation mutation-radical)
thair- (lenition mutation)


tar-

tar- (mutation mutation-radical)
thar- (lenition mutation)
dtar- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish tar (“over, across”). Related to thar.


tar-

tar- (mutation mutation-radical)
thar- (lenition mutation)


sous-

sousveillance, souterrain, sous-vide

sous-chef, sous-prefect, sous-lieutenant


sous-

From Latin sub, via Old French sus-, sous- (the spelling with s by analogy with the preposition sous < Latin subtus).


sen-

sen- + anmo (“soul”) → senanma (“soulless”)


полу-

Inherited from Old East Slavic полъ (polŭ), from Proto-Slavic *polъ (“half”).

inh+

полукру́г ― polukrúg ― semicircle

полумра́к

полуо́стров

полусо́н

полупроводни́к

полуавтома́т

(highly productive, takes nouns, produces compound nouns) semi-, demi-, half-

highly productive; produces compound nouns; highly productive; produces compound nouns

полко́мнаты

полпроце́нта

полведра́

полчаса́

пол-очка́

пол-Москвы́

полми́ра

полбеды́

полсу́ток

по́лдень

по́лночь

полу́дня

полу́ночи

(highly productive, takes nouns in genitive case, produces compound nouns) semi-, demi-, half- paired with пол- form

полушерстяно́й ― polušerstjanój ― half-woollen

полулега́льный ― polulegálʹnyj ― semi-legal

полуосвещённый

полувью́щийся ― poluvʹjúščijsja ― semi-curly

(takes adjective, produces compound adjective) semi-, demi-, half-

полузакры́ть

полулежа́ть

to lie reclined, to lie with the upper body raised

полуоде́ть

полусиде́ть

to sit reclined, to lie with the upper body raised

полуистле́ть

полускры́ть

полусгиба́ться

(productive, takes verbs, produces compound verbs) incompletely

productive; produces compound verbs; productive; produces compound verbs

полулёжа ― poluljóža ― in a semi-recumbent position, recumbently

полуси́дя

полушутя́

полутемно́

half-dark, semi-dark, with insufficient lighting

полувсерьёз

полунауга́д

(takes adverb, produces compound adverb) incompletely


полу-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *polъ (“half”).


oftalmo-

Internationalism (see English ophthalmo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós).


oftalmo-

From Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós, “eye”).


olig-

Alternative form of oligo-, used before a vowel.


olig-

Alternative form of oligo-, used before a vowel


oltre-

confine (“border”) + oltre- → oltreconfine (“abroad”)

umano (“human”) + oltre- → oltreumano (“superhuman”)

used to form terms with the meaning of "over" or "beyond."


oltr-

Alternative form of oltre- (used before a vowel)


ornito-

Derived from Ancient Greek ὄρνις (órnis).

der+

ornito- + -logia → ornitologia


narco-

From Ancient Greek ναρκόω (narkóō, “I put to sleep”); in terms relating to drugs, it is a back-formation from narcotics, which ultimately derives from the same source.

uder

Pertaining to stupor, sleep, or a state of unconsciousness.

narco-

pertaining to stupor, sleep, or a state of unconsciousness

Of or pertaining to narcotics or their trade and use.

narco-

of or pertaining to narcotics or their trade and use


narco-

narco- (of or pertaining to narcotics or their trade and use)

(rare) narco- (pertaining to stupor, sleep, or a state of unconsciousness)


narco-

(rare) pertaining to stupor, sleep, or a state of unconsciousness


oro-

From Ancient Greek ὄρος (óros, “mountain, high ground”), from ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmi, “to stir, stir up; to urge on, incite”) + -ος (-os, nominal suffix).


oro-

From Ancient Greek ὄρος (óros, “mountain”).


oro-

From Latin ōs (“mouth”, oblique stem ōr-).


oro-

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *oro-, from Proto-Tupian *orʲo-.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní oro-.

Nde orosaûsub.

exclusive first-person plural agent verbal prefix; we


oro-

oro- + -grafia → orografia


palin-

forms terms, of Greek origin, related to repetition or recurrence


palin-

forms terms, of Greek origin, related to repetition or recapitulation


simil-

(relational) imitation; fake, artificial


eto-

eto- + -logia → etologia


piezo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πιέζω (piézō, “to squeeze or press”).

bor

piezoelectricity or other effects of mechanical stress or pressure


plani-

From Latin planus. See plane (adjective).

planifolious

planimetry


plani-

used to form terms relating to plane figures


sapon-

From Latin sapo (“soap”) and -n- (since used before vowels).


sapo-

(chemistry) Used to form adjectives, nouns, and verbs used in the chemistry of soap-like materials


há-

Compare the Old English hóh (“heel”), hóhsinu (“sinew of the heel”) and Nynorsk håbinda. Compare the Icelandic hæll (“a heel”).

of or pertaining to the heel or articulations of the foot (articulationes pedis)


pneumo-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō
Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn)
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō)influ.
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥
Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)influ.
Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn)bor.
English pneumo-
From Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”).


pneumo-

From Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma, “air”).


pneumo-

→ Persian: پنوموـ (penomo-)

→ Romanian: pneumo-

→ Turkish: pnömo-

From Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”).


pneumo-

Borrowed from French pneumo-, from Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”).


gen-

From the Old Norse preposition gegn; compare with igen (“again”) and Norwegian Bokmål gjen-.


gen-

From Old Swedish gen (“back; against”), from the Old Norse preposition gegn, from Proto-Germanic *gagin. Cognate of German gegen and English again. Compare with igen (“again”), Danish gen- and Norwegian Bokmål gjen-.


glyco-

From Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”).


hidro-

From Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).


hidro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).


bréag-

bréag- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhréag- (lenition mutation)
mbréag- (eclipsis mutation)

bréag- + eolas (“information”) → bréageolas (“false information”)


contro-

controvert


os-

(non-productive) Against; facing; a combining prefix found in verbs of Latin origin.


os-

os- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-os- (eclipsis mutation)
hos- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-os- (mutation prothesis-t)


pauci-

From Latin paucī, form of paucus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”) (English few).

der

paucisymptomatic, paucispiral

(chiefly biology) Having or involving few.


bato-

bato- + -fobia → batofobia


scafo-

scapho- (shaped like the hull of a ship)


scato-

From Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr, “dung, feces”).


sapro-

From Ancient Greek σαπρός (saprós, “putrid”).


sapro-

forms terms relating to dead or decaying material


sito-

From Ancient Greek σῖτος (sîtos, “food”).


sismo-

from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós, “shaking, earthquake”).


sopr-

Alternative form of sopra-, used before some vowels


sopra-

Inherited from Latin supra-. Doublet of sovra- and more or less a of sor-.


sott-

Alternative form of sotto- (used before some vowels)


HDMS

(military, nautical) Initialism of His/Her Danish Majesty's Ship. a ship name prefix for a naval ship of the navy of Denmark

KDM

short for 'Kongelige Danske Marine', (Royal Danish Navy)


HNLMS

(military, nautical) Her Dutch Majesty's Ship

(military, nautical) His Dutch Majesty's Ship


HNMS

(military, nautical) His/Her Norwegian Majesty's Ship

(military, nautical) His/Her Dutch Majesty's Ship


spermato-

From Ancient Greek σπέρμα, σπέρματος (spérma, spérmatos, “seed”).

derived

σπέρμα, σπέρματος


steno-

From Ancient Greek στενός (stenós, “narrow”).


steno-

steno- + grafia → stenografia


stomato-

(international scientific vocabulary) mouth


GL

(astronomy) Misspelling of Gl., the prefix for Gliese catalog of nearby stars


fo-

fo- (mutation mutation-radical)
fho- (lenition mutation)
bhfo- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish fo- (“under, beneath; about, around”) (compare modern faoi), from Proto-Celtic *uɸo-, from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, up from under”).

der

sub-, under-, hypo-, secondary, subsidiary


fo-

fo- (mutation mutation-radical)
o- (lenition mutation)
vo- (eclipsis mutation)

From fo, from Old Irish fo (“under, beneath; towards, into, through; throughout, over; on, about, around”).


fo-

Irish: fo-

Manx: fo-

Scottish Gaelic: fo-

fo- (mutation mutation-radical)
ḟo- (mutation mutation-nasal)
fo- (mutation)

From Proto-Celtic *uɸo-. Prefix form of fo.


nữ

nữ công tố viên


tiền

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tiền.wav

kỉ Tiền Cambri

nhà/triều Tiền Lê

(history, of a dynasty) early (used to distinguish similarly named dynasties)


quyền

→ Tai Dam: ꪁꪫꪸꪙ

quyền Bộ trưởng Y tế

quyền Thủ tướng

(used to describe a temporarily appointed position) temporary; acting; interim


sự

Sino-Vietnamese word from 事 (“abstract thing”), from Literary Chinese 事. Per Chinese morphology, it's used as a suffix and is fossilized in borrowings. In Vietnamese, it became a prefix to conform to native morphology. Compare other verbal nominalizers such as Rade klei and Japanese 事 (koto). Also compare một cách (adverbializer).

vi-etym-sino

sự đời

sự sống còn

sự đau đớn


zne-

zne- + čistit (“to clean”) → znečistit (“to make unclean”)

a prefix indicating a detrimental action. (mis-, make un-)


stief-

From Middle Dutch stief-, stiep-, from Old Dutch *stiop-, from Proto-West Germanic *steupa-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“bereft, pushed out”).
Cognate with German stief-, English step-. The form with -f- arose through assimilation before the word vader (“father”); the generalization of this form may or may not have been reinforced by High German influence (where the -f- is regular). Compare the same in Middle Low German stêf-.

inh

step-; a prefix indicating the individual being referred to is related through the marriage of a parent


stief-

From Middle High German stief-, from Old High German stiof-, from Proto-West Germanic *steupa- (“bereft, pushed out”). Cognate with Dutch stief-, English step-.

step-; a prefix indicating the individual being referred to is related through the marriage of a parent.


frum-

From Old Norse frum-, from Proto-Germanic *frumô and cognate to Old English forma.


frum-

From Old Norse frum-, Proto-Germanic *frumô. Cognate with Old English forma.


tachi-

From Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “swift”).


teo-

Derived from Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god”).


teo-

From Ancient Greek θεό- (theó-, “god”), combining form of θεός (theós, “god”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁s-.


anxio-

affix

Clipping of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">anxiety</i>


cedr-

From the Latin cedrus (“cedar”), from the Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros, “cedar”).