zåmm-

zåmm- + hockn (“to sit”) → zåmmhockn (“to sit together”)

zåmm- + wohna (“to live, to reside”) → zåmmwohna (“to live together”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates togetherness and company; together

zåmm- + mischn (“to mix”) → zåmmmischn (“to mix together”)

zåmm- + pickn (“to glue”) → zåmmpickn (“to glue together”)

zåmm- + redn (“to talk”) → si zåmmredn (“to discuss a matter (literally, "to talk together")”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates combining, joining; together

zåmm- + passn (“to fit”) → zåmmpassn (“to fit together, to match”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates congruence; together

zåmm- + klaubn (“to pick up”) → zåmmklaubn (“to gather up”)

zåmm- + zöhn (“to count”) → zåmmzöhn (“to count up”)

zåmm- + schreibn (“to write”) → zåmmschreibn (“to write up, to compile”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates collecting, piling, heaping up:

zåmm- + scheißn (“to shit”) → zåmmscheißn (“to shit in large quantities”)

zåmm- + fressn (“to stuff oneself”) → zåmmfressn (“to eat in large quantities, to gorge on food”)

Indicates a large quantity of something; often derogatory

zåmm- + schreibn (“to write”) → zåmmschreibn (“to write up something of low quality, to dash off”)

zåmm- + schuastern (“to cobble”) → zåmmschuastern (“to cobble together”)

zåmm- + draman (“to dream”) → zåmmdraman (“to dream something up”)

zåmm- + redn (“to talk”) → zåmmredn (“to talk nonsense”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates incompetence, low quality, foolishness; usually derogatory

zåmm- + roin (“to roll”) → zåmmroin (“to roll up, to coil up, to curl up”)

zåmm- + foitn (“to fold”) → zåmmfoitn (“to fold up”)

zåmm- + schneidn (“to cut”) → zåmmschneidn (“to cut up”)

zåmm- + essn (“to eat”) → zåmmessn (“to eat up”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates reduction of size; up

zåmm- + foin (“to fall”) → zåmmfoin (“to fall down, to collapse”)

zåmm- + brecha (“to break”) → zåmmbrecha (“to break down, to collapse”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates destruction:

Indicates the collapse of a structure or a person; down

zåmm- + haun (“to beat”) → zåmmhaun (“to beat up a person”)

zåmm- + haun (“to beat”) → zåmmhaun (“to smash, to break an object”)

zåmm- + fiarn (“to drive someone”) → zåmmfiarn (“to drive over someone”)

zåmm- + scheißn (“to shit”) → zåmmscheißn (“to give someone shit, to bollock someone”)

Indicates a destructive motion against an object (literally only) or a person (both literally and figuratively)


sado-

From the name of the Marquis de Sade, initially used to form words like sadism and later extrapolated into a prefix.

sadomasochism, sadopopulism, sadostate, sadosociety, sadoasceticism, sadoreligion, sadospiritual


Basco-

The Basque, for example, foreign in origin both to French and Spanish, has indeed been altered through the adoption of a few words and a few locutions borrowed from these languages, by which it is surrounded, and, as it were, invested; but it evermore clings to the basis of its structure, the vital principle of its organism; and a Franco-Basque, or a Basco-Spanish, is not spoken, nowhere has ever been spoken.

1857, [Louis Ferdinand] Alfred Maury, “On the Distribution and Classification of Tongues,—Their Relation to the Geographical Distribution of Races; and on the Inductions Which May Be Drawn from These Relations”, in Indigenous Races of the Earth; or, New Chapters of Ethnological Enquiry; […], Subscriber’s Copy, Philadelphia, Pa.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott & Co.; London: [Nicholas] Trübner & Co., section II, page 35:

If to this be added the ‘Euscaratik Erderara Biurtzeco Iztegia,’ or Basco-Spanish dictionary, by the late D. Francisco de Aizquivel, of which two parts have already appeared at Tolosa, and the recent treatise on Basque proper names (‘Los Apellidos Vascongados’) by Irigoyen, there is a good chance for us Castilians to penetrate into the mysteries of a language which is said to be the same that Noah and his sons spoke within the Ark, and has hitherto been, and will most likely continue to be, a puzzle to European philologists.

1882 December 30, J[uan] F[acundo] Riaño, “[Continental Literature in 1882.] Spain.”, in The Athenæum: Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music, and the Drama, number 2879, London: […] John C. Francis. […], page 893, column 2:


uch-

uch- (mutation mutation-radical)
huch- (mutation prothesis-h)

From the comparative adjective uwch (“higher”).

Alternative form of uwch- (“super-, hyper-”)


uwch-

uwch- (mutation mutation-radical)
huwch- (mutation prothesis-h)

over-, hyper-, meta-, super, supra-, top-, ultra-


Lechito-

Lechito-Rani


Chukotko-

Chukotko-Kamchatkan


Corso-

Corso-Sardinian


nåch-

nåch- + geh (“to walk”) → nåchgeh (“to follow, to walk after”)

nåch- + rennan (“to run”) → nåchrenna (“to run after, to chase”)

nåch- + schaugn (“to look”) → nåchschaugn (“to follow with one's gaze”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates following or pursuit; after, follow

nåch- + soizn (“to salt”) → nåchsoizn (“to add salt”)

nåch- + wåchsn (“to grow”) → nåchwåchsn (“to regrow”)

nåch- + bliatn (“to bleed”) → nåchbliatn (“to have a secondary bleeding”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates repetition or continuation of a completed process; again, later, in addition

nåch- + fårbln (“to colour”) → nåchfårbln (“to recolour”)

nåch- + messn (“to measure”) → nåchmessn (“to remeasure”)

nåch- + zöhn (“to count”) → nåchzöhn (“to recount”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates revision; re-

nåch- + denkn (“to think”) → nåchdenkn (“to think about something, to reflect, to ponder, to contemplate”)

nåch- + schaugn (“to look”) → nåchschaugn (“to check (up) on, to inspect, to look up”)

nåch- + frågn (“to ask”) → nåchfrågn (“to ask again, to inquire, to request”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates a specific and purposeful activity

nåch- + baun (“to build”) → nåchbaun (“to build after”)

nåch- + måcha (“to do, to make”) → nåchmåcha (“to imitate, to copy”)

nåch- + kocha (“to cook”) → nåchkocha (“to copy or recreate a dish”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates copying and imitation; after

nåch- + Mittåg (“noon”) → Nåchmittåg (“afternoon”)

nåch- + Speis (“dish”) → Nåchspeis (“dessert”) (literally, "after dish")

nåch- + Gschmåckn (“dish”) → Nåchgschmåckn (“aftertaste”)

Noun prefix that indicates a later event, fact, circumstance; after


Phrygio-

Relating to Phrygia, the Phrygians or the Phrygian language.


Checheno-

the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic


auð-

From Proto-Germanic *auþuz (“easy”). Cognate with Old English īeþ-.

auð- + sýnn (“seen”) → auðsýnn (“easily seen”)


zlo-

zlo- + duch (“spirit”) → zloduch (“evil spirit, cacodemon”)

zlo- + mysl (“mind”) + -ný → zlomyslný (“malicious”)

zlo- + syn (“son”) → zlosyn (“villain”)

zlo- + řád (“order”) → zlořád (“vice”)

zlo- + volit (“to choose”) + -ný → zlovolný (“malevolent”)

zlo- + zvyk (“habit”) → zlozvyk (“vice”)


plyno-

plyno- + beton (“concrete”) → plynobeton (“gas concrete”)

plyno- + -fikace (“-ification”) → plynofikace (“gas installation”)

plyno- + jmout (“to grasp”) → plynojem (“gasholder”)

plyno- + -měr (“-meter”) → plynoměr (“gas meter”)

plyno- + -vod → plynovod (“gas pipeline”)


Aryo-

Aryo-Dravidian

Aryo-Indian


joa-

Alternative form of ja used with some stative verbs.


jing-

prefix that converts adjectives and verbs into abstract nouns


ning-

& future mo- (infinitive)
mu- (infinitive)

Ningkaon ko.


naga-

head

naga- (contemplative maga-, mag-, imperative pag-)

maga- (contemplative)
mag- (contemplative)
pag- (imperative)

Nagatuo ako sa Diyos Amahan, Makagagahom sa tanan...

I believe in God, the Father Almighty...

(formal, literary) Alternative form of nag-


ginn-

From Proto-Norse ᚷᛁᚾᛟ- (gino-), ᚷᛁᚾᛡ- (ginᴀ-).

ginn- + heilagr (“holy”) → ginnheilagr (“high holy, sacrosanct”)

(rare, Germanic paganism) great, holy, powerful


nag-

nag- (contemplative maga-, mag-, imperative pag-)

Compare mag-, the actor trigger prefix, and -in-, which marks the complete aspect of most verbal triggers.

Nagluto ko og utan

Nagluto ko og utan

inchoative aspect of mag-; signifies that the action has started, whether or not it has been completed or still in progress


nag-

Nagluto ako ng gulay.

Nagluluto ako ng gulay.

(with reduplication) progressive aspect of mag-


sama-

Proto-West Germanic: *sama-

Old English: sam-

Old Norse: sam-

Danish: sam-

Faroese: sam-

Icelandic: sam-

Norwegian: sam-

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰- (sama-)


χοα-

From Proto-Iranian *hwa- (“self-”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swa- (“self-”), from Proto-Indo-European *swe- (“self-”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self (reflexive pronoun)”). Compare Avestan 𐬓𐬀 (xᵛa, “self, oneself”), Old Persian 𐎢𐎺 (u-v /ʰuva/). Cognate of Sanskrit स्व (sva, “his/her own, of self”).


𑂬𑂹𑂩𑂲

head

𑂬𑂹𑂩𑂲 • (śrī́)


𑚧𑚶𑚤𑚯

𑚧𑚶𑚤𑚯 • (śrī́)


𑨮𑩇𑨫𑨁𑨊

𑨮𑩇𑨫𑨁𑨊 • (śrī́)


𑩿 𑪙𑩼𑩑𑩛

𑩿 𑪙𑩼𑩑𑩛 • (śrī́)


volcan-

(geology) pertaining to volcanos or volcanology.


šéf-

From šéf, from German Chef, from French chef, from Latin caput.

šéf- + kuchař (“cook”) → šéfkuchař (“chef”)

šéf- + lékař (“physician, doctor”) → šéflékař (“attending doctor”)

šéf- + redaktor (“editor”) → šéfredaktor (“editor in chief”)

šéf- + trenér (“coach, trainer”) → šéftrenér (“head coach”)


eteo-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐτεός (eteós, “true, original”).

lbor

Eteo-Tocharian is a good example of the influence of Greeks in Central Asia. Eteo-Tocharian was written in a modified Greek alphabet (Maricq 1958:398). This script is a manifestation of the Greek influence in Bactria, even after the Kushana subjugation of this area.

2010, Clyde Winters, “Greek Influence on Sanskrit Language”, in Journal of Eurasian Studies, volume 2, number 3, archived from the original on 2024-02-17:

Bái vocabulary, later Chinese borrowings excluded, can be divided into a Sino-Bái vocabulary, which shows a close resemblance to Chinese, and a Pre-Bái or Eteo-Bái vocabulary, which is not etymologizable into Chinese.

2015, Xun Gong, “How Old is the Chinese in Bái?”, in Recent Advances in Old Chinese Historical Phonology Workshop, archived from the original on 2021-03-05:

(linguistics) Denoting an ancient or ancestral language (or form of a language), dating from a time before it came into contact with another language; particularly one which had considerable influence, or which later displaced it entirely.


bronchi-

(anatomy) (combining form) relating to bronchi


agr-

“agr-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Alternative form of agri- or agro- (before a vowel).


eosin-

Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs), dawn, daybreak, morning red, goddess of the dawn (Ἠώς, Ēṓs)


cardi-

“cardi-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.


astr-

“astr-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Alternative form of astr- (before a vowel).


bam-

bambaşka

bembeyaz


vaaka-

Coordinate term: pysty-


tok-

toksnygg

Spelet är tokläskigt

(colloquial, intensifier) crazy (extremely)

Vi fick tokspringa för att komma fram i tid

We had to run like crazy to get there in time

(colloquial, intensifier) like crazy (with great intensity)


კონტრა-

head

კონტრა- • (ḳonṭra-)


კონტრ-

კონტრ- • (ḳonṭr-)


dún-

Lengthened from Middle Irish dun-, combining form of duine before a broad consonant.

dún- + bású (“killing”) → dúnbhású (“homicide”)

dún- + marú (“killing”) → dúnmharú (“murder”)

dún- + argain (“destruction”) → dúnorgain (“manslaughter”)

dún- + poll (“hole”) → dúnpholl (“manhole”)

Combining form of duine (“human, person”)


πεντα-

→ Catalan: penta-

→ English: penta-

→ Finnish: penta-

→ French: penta-

→ German: penta-

→ Hungarian: penta-

→ Italian: penta-

→ Polish: penta-

→ Portuguese: penta-

→ Romanian: penta-

→ Spanish: penta-


överljuds-

supersonic (faster than the speed of sound)


უკუ-

Derives words from nouns and verbal nouns, inverting the meaning and producing words with the senses of back-, backwards, in reverse.


ръко-

ръко- (rǎko-) + пис (pis) → ръкопи́с (rǎkopís)

ръко- (rǎko-) + пля́скам (pljáskam) → ръкопля́скам (rǎkopljáskam)

ръко- (rǎko-) + хва́тка (hvátka) → ръкохва́тка (rǎkohvátka)

hand-, manu- (the word ръка (rǎka, “hand”) used as a prefix)


deu-

deu- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddeu- (mutation mutation-soft)
neu- (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh deu, from Old Welsh dou, from Proto-Brythonic *dọw, from Proto-Celtic *duwo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Corresponds to dau m (“two”).

deu- + llawr (“floor”) → deulawr (“two-storey”)

deu- + pegwn (“pole”) → deubegwn (“bipolar”)

deu- + rhyw (“sex”) → deuryw (“bisexual, hermaphrodite”)


स्व-

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्व- (sva-), from स्व (sva, “its own”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swá, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

चालित (cālit, “driven”) + स्व- (sva-) → स्वचालित (svacālit, “automatic”)


თანა-

Derives words from nouns and verbal nouns, producing words with the senses of co- (com-/col-/cor-), together, mutually, jointly.


წინა-

Derives words from nouns and verbal nouns, producing words with the senses of pre-, fore-, ante-, advance or leading.


thorough-

A variant of through-, common in 16th-19th centuries, particularly where there is a perceived connection with thorough “thorough-”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000..

thoroughfare, thoroughgo, thoroughlane

thoroughgoingly, thoroughbreed, thoroughpaced

(non-productive) fully, completely; purely


lesbo-

lesbophobe is one who hates or has a negative perception of lesbians, lesbophilia is a fetishistic fascination (typically in non-lesbians) with lesbians and erotic contact between women, lesbosexual is someone who adopts the style associated with stereotypic lesbians


-ჯერ

ორჯერ ორჯერ#Georgian

სამჯერ სამჯერ#Georgian

produces adverbial words denoting multiplied by x, times x, like ორჯერ (orǯer, “twice, two times”) or სამჯერ (samǯer, “thrice, three times”).


कु-

कु- (ku-) + कर्म (karm, “deed”) → कुकर्म (kukarm, “misdeed”)

mal-, ill-, mis-; prefix for nouns that are bad, useless, or defective


कु-

According to Monier-Williams, of the same origin as कू (kū, “where”) as in कुत्र (kutra), ultimately formed from the interrogative pronoun stem *kʷ- as in *kʷos, *kʷis. See कु (ku).

कु- (ku-) + ख्याति (khyāti, “repute”) → कुख्याति (kukhyāti, “ill-repute”)

mal-, ill-, mis-; a prefix implying deterioration, depreciation, deficiency, want, littleness, hindrance, reproach, contempt, guilt


dwy-

dwy- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddwy- (mutation mutation-soft)
nwy- (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *dwī (feminine of *duwo), from Proto-Indo-European *dw-ih₂, feminine of *dwóh₁. Corresponds to dwy f (“two”).

dwy- + gwaith (“time”) → dwywaith (“twice”)

dwy- + awr (“hour”) → dwyawr (“(a period of) two hours”)

dwy- + ffordd (“way”) → dwyffordd (“reversible”)

dwy- + iaith (“language”) + -og → dwyieithog (“bilingual”)

dwy- + llaw (“hand”) → dwylo (“hands”)


stink-

From stinken (“to stink”). Likely back-formation from stinkfaul (“extremely lazy, slovenly”), possibly influenced by stock- and other scatological intensifier prefixes sau- and scheiß-. General use is only attested since the 1970s.

back-formation

stink- + sauer (“upset”) → stinksauer (“furious”)

stink- + normal (“normal”) → stinknormal (“completely normal, mundane”)

stink- + reich (“rich”) → stinkreich (“stinking rich”)

(slang) stinking, intensifies adjectives, usually with a pejorative or dismissive tone.


double-

(obsolete) In the metric system, multiplies the attached unit by two.


clor-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of cloro- (“containing chlorine”), used before a vowel


fflwor-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of fflworo- (“containing fluorine”), used before a vowel


fflworo-

(organic chemistry) fluoro- (containing fluorine)


ffeno-

(organic chemistry) pheno- (containing phenol)


анты-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Compare Polish anty- and Russian анти- (anti-).

анты- (anty-) + вае́нны (vajénny, “military, war”) → антывае́нны (antyvajénny, “anti-war”)

анты- (anty-) + рэлігі́йны (relihíjny, “religious”) → антырэлігі́йны (antyrelihíjny, “anti-religious”)


hap-

Cognates include Nootka hap- (“hair”), Nootka hapx̣- (“hair”).


sylff-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of sylffo- (“containing sulfur”), used before a vowel


sylffo-

(organic chemistry) sulfo- (containing sulfur)


hebdo-

From Ancient Greek ἕβδομος (hébdomos, “seventh”).

der

(obsolete) In the metric system, multiplies the attached unit by 10⁷.


ł-

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɬ (progressive suffix), from Proto-Na-Dene *ɬ (progressive suffix); cognate with Proto-Yeniseian *l (progressive suffix), Eyak *ɬ (progressive suffix), and Tlingit *n (progressive suffix). The same or a similar classifier prefix is found in all of the Athabaskan languages, as well as the more distantly related Eyak, Tlingit, and the Central Siberian Yeniseian languages (e.g., Ket, formerly Yenisei Ostyak).

inh

yibéézh

yiłbéézh

naʼniyęęsh

something flows about in a meandering fashion (naʼni-∅-yęęsh)

naʼniłhęęsh

he’s making it flow about in a meandering fashion (naʼni-ł-yęęsh)

siʼą́

a roundish object lies in position (-∅-ʼą́)

séłʼą́

I keep a roundish object in position (-ł-ʼą́)

valence-change prefix
valence-change prefix#English

the ł- classifier or valence-change prefix, a causative-transitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb; it often transitivizes an intransitive -∅- (unmarked) verb:


petit-

grand-; indicates a relationship of ancestry one generation younger than the noun: petite-fille (“granddaughter”), petit-neveu (“grandnephew”).


myötä-

[ˈmyø̞̯t̪æ-]

myötätunto

myötätuuli

myötäpäivään

myötäeläjä

Used to express favourability, agreeability etc.


ᚢᚾ-

desctree

Old Norse: ú-, ó-
Icelandic: ó-
Faroese: ó-
Norwegian Nynorsk: u-, o-
Old Swedish: ō-
Swedish: o-
Danish: u-
Norwegian Bokmål: u-

From Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


tebe-

tebe- + dirbti (“to work”) → tebedirbti (“to still work”)

tebe- + gyventi (“to live”) → tebegyventi (“to still live”)

prefix used with forms of verbs, adjectives or adverbs to indicate or emphasize the continuation of an action: still


ba cái

[ʔɓaː˧˧ kaːj˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ kaːj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ba cái.wav

ba (“three”) + cái (generic classifier). ba seems to occur in generalizing or dismissive expressions, like dăm ba (literally “five and three”) for example.

ba cái đồ nhôm nhựa

all that junk; junk and stuff; junk or whatever

Tao đéo cần biết ba cái đồ nữ trang của mày.

I don't give a fuck about your jewelry shit.

ba cái chuyện vặt vãnh

ba cái trò con nít

Lớn rồi, đừng có chơi ba cái trò con nít nữa.

You're a grown-ass man, quit screwing around like a kid.

Dẹp cha nó ba cái vụ Vũng Tàu với vũng ghe đi! Bộ thằng Hai Hùng để tao mặc quần đùi bộ đội xuống biển, xuống đến đâu sủi bong bóng ra đến đó hả. Dẹp! Cùng đi, cùng vô, cùng về.

1995, Chu Lai, Đi tìm dĩ vãng [Seeking the Past], Nhà xuất bản Hội Nhà văn:

To hell with all that Vũng Tàu shit! Does Hai Hùng really expect me to dive into the ocean in trunks and froth all over my mouth? Fuck that! We go in and go out, together!

all that/those; and stuff; and shit; or whatever (expressing uninterest, indifference or apathy about what is being mentioned)


თვით-

Internal formation the semantic development of თავი (tavi), თავისი (tavisi), თავისით (tavisit), თავისი თავით (tavisi tavit).

Produces nouns and adjectives with meanings roughly equivalent to English self-, which can imply either self-sufficiency that something or someone has the innate capability to do things on their own, permission or absence of restriction upon them by external factors in doing things their desired way, or evaluating themselves and their status or behavior without interference from the outside factors.


stephano-

From Ancient Greek στέφανος (stéphanos, “wreath”).


-coelous

From Ancient Greek κοῖλος (koîlos, “hollow”).


jumal-

Combining form of jumala in some compounds.


ci-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ. Doublet of cai and ci

cipanon (“tears”); cikiih (“urine”)

Citanduy; Ciliwung

Place-name prefix, denoting names of rivers.

Ciwidey; Cipete

Place-name prefix, originally denoting settlement built near rivers.


ndʑi-

(Kamnyu) your, their (second- or third-person dual possessive)


nɯ-

(Kamnyu) your, their (second- or third-person plural possessive)


îe-

Nheengatu: yu-

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *je-, from Proto-Tupian *we-.
Cognate with Guaraní je-.

— Marãpe nd'erenhemimi? Ereîpotápe nde 'u?
— Akaîgûá! Marãpe xe ri erepûá? Aîemĩngatu kó gûitupa...

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 32; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Why don't you hide? Do you want that he eats you?
— Ouch! Why do you hit me? I hide myself well lying here...

Tupã nheengabíreme Anhãga çupe ereye meeng-ete, cemiauçûbamo enhemoingôbo, çauçûpanhe, ymoétébonhe Tûpã nde monhãgára, nde pícıroána reroírômo, ymoété éima: Tupã nde rauçûba çuí eyepeábo

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Exortação antes da Abſoluição” (chapter 13), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n227/mode/1up Livro Sexto do Confessionário […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 112v:

When you transgress the word of God, you truly give yourself to the Devil, behaving as his slave, loving him in vain, honoring him in vain, detesting God your creator, your savior, not honoring him, distancing yourself from God's love for you.

Ayemonhâng[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 35:


knetter-

From knettergek (“raving mad”), from knetteren (“to crackle”).


ꯈꯡ

a verbal prefix indicating doing something suddenly


triple-

Three, or multipled by a factor of three.


savi-

From the same root as savas, savęs, and savo.

savi- + tarnas (“servant”) → savitarna (“self-service”)

savi- + gaila (“pity”) → savigaila (“self-pity”)

savi- + garbė (“honour”) → savigarba (“self-respect, self-esteem”)


غیرـ

→ Azerbaijani: qeyri-

→ Chagatai: غیر

Uyghur: غەيرى (gheyri)

Uzbek: gʻayri-

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ग़ैर- (ġair-)

Urdu: غَیرـ (ġair-)

→ Ottoman Turkish: غیر (gayr-i)

Turkish: gayri-

From غیر (ğeyr-e, “other than, unlike”). See there for more details.


ବେ-

Borrowed from Classical Persian بی (bē).


-ra-

In ancient Basque, this was a productive causative prefix, placed immediately before the root. Modern verbs including the suffix include eragin (“to cause”) and erantzi (“to undress”), from the same roots as egin (“to do”) and jantzi (“to dress”). This prefix is no longer productive, modern Basque uses -arazi as a causative suffix. This suffix is most likely the *-ra- causative of an unknown verb.


kā-

kā- + hea → kāhea (“to call, cry out”)


kā-

From a procliticisation of Proto-Polynesian *taa (“we (inclusive)”). For a similar formation, compare the Maori pronouns in Maori tā- (tātou, tāua). For a language which retains the Proto-Polynesian pronoun as an independent term, compare Tongan ta.


fluora-

IUPAC Commission of Nomenclature for Heterocyclic Compounds (1957)

Indicating a heterocyclic compound with fluorine substitution


gloeo-

Derived from Ancient Greek γλοιός (gloiós).

der+

gloeo- + vessel → gloeovessel

gloeo- + cystidium → gloeocystidium

(biology) Having the character of glue; sticky.


dè-

chargiér (“load”) + dè- → dèchargiér (“unload”)

Attaches to a verb to form its opposite counterpart.


enneakis-

(mathematics) A variant of ennea-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix.

(chemistry) A variant of ennea-, used for substitutions of nine complex rather than simple units.


è-

Attaches to verbs, often adding a privative sense.


ति-

तीन तीन#Hindi


somn-

From Latin somnus (“sleep, slumber”), from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos.


dictyo-

From Ancient Greek δίκτυον (díktuon, “net”).


aletho-

From Ancient Greek ἀλήθεια (alḗtheia, “truth”).


už-

užlipti

(with verbs expressing movement) describes an action's movement onto something

užeiti

(with verbs expressing movement) describes an action's movement into something

užaugti

indicates the result of a spontaneous and active action


dodec-

Alternative form of dodeca- used before a vowel.


heptadec-

Alternative form of heptadeca- used before a vowel.


hexadec-

Alternative form of hexadeca- used before a vowel.


tetradec-

Alternative form of tetradeca- used before a vowel.


nonadec-

Alternative form of nonadeca- used before a vowel.


pentadec-

Alternative form of pentadeca- used before a vowel.


tridec-

Alternative form of trideca- used before a vowel.


undec-

Alternative form of undeca- used before a vowel.


octadec-

Alternative form of octadeca- used before a vowel.


eicos-

Alternative form of eicosa- used before a vowel.


a³¹-

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (“noun prefix”) (STEDT). Compare Burmese အ- (a.-), Chinese 阿 (ā) and Tibetan ཨ- (a-).

inh

noun prefix for some kinship terms and derivations from verbs


a³¹-

Compare Old Burmese အ (a), Zaiwa a and Lashi a. Possibly also related with Nuosu ꀋ (ap). STEDT considers forms with zero-initial being derivations from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”).

not (negative prefix for non-imperative verbs)


takke-

From takkewijf, where the element takke- represents the noun attaque (“attack”). Unrelated to tak (“twig, branch”), although often associated with it, yielding alternate spellings where the prefix is rendered as takken- (e.g. takkeneind).

(mildly vulgar intensifier) damn, fucking


פֿיר־

head

פֿיר־ • (fir-)

Prefix form of פֿיר (fir) (etymology 3).

פֿיר־ (fir-) + ברענגען (brengen, “to bring”) → פֿירברענגען (firbrengen, “to bring forward”)

פֿאָר־ פֿאָר־#Yiddish

Alternative form of פֿאָר־ (for-): adverbial prefix generally with the sense of "before" or "in front of" or "higher"


yono-

Northern Ryukyuan: ゑん (wen) (Omoro Sōshi, 1531)

Kikai: いぃん (yin-)

Kunigami: ゆぬ (yunu-)

Northern Amami Ōshima: ゆん (yun-)

Okinawan: いぃぬ (yinu-), いぃん (yin-)

Okinoerabu: ゆぬ (yunu-)

Southern Amami Ōshima: いぃぬ (yinu-)

desc

⇒ Tokunoshima: いぬい (inui, “first birthday”) (< *yono-(p)i)

Yoron: ゆぬ (yunu-)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: ゆぬ (yunu-)

Yaeyama: ゆぬ (yunu-)

Yonaguni: どぅぬ (dunu-)

From Proto-Japonic *yə (“same”); the second mora is likely *no (“genitive marker”).


адна-

From адзін (adzin). Compare Russian, Ukrainian одно- (odno-).


brak-

(colloquial, intensifier) great or imposing


ким-

Ӯ ба ким-куҷо рафту пешоб кард.

Вай аз ким-чӣ норозӣ аст.

Ӯ гуфт, ки ким-кадом шахс ба ӯ 100 евро дод.

He said that some person or other gave him 100 euros.

Ü guft, ki kim-kadom šaxs ba ü 100 yevro dod.


ꯏ-

added to first member of a reduplicated verb


ἀγα-

From Proto-Hellenic *əga-, from Proto-Indo-European *m̥ǵh₂-, zero-grade prefix from *méǵh₂s (“big, great”).


טראַנס־

head

טראַנס־ • (trans-)

Likely from English trans-, ultimately from Latin trāns (“across, on the far side, beyond”).


odh-

ewü (first-person pronoun)
y- (first-person)
ü- (first-person)
u- (first-person)
w- (agent first-person transitive)
w- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
wi- (agent first-person transitive)
wi- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
küwü (dual first-person inclusive pronoun)
k- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
k- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
k- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
kü- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
kü- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ku- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ku- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ki- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ki- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
k- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kii- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ki- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
amödö (pronoun second-person)
ö- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ö- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ö- (patient second-person transitive)
ö- (possessive second-person)
ö- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
öy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
öy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
öy- (patient second-person transitive)
öy- (possessive second-person)
öy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ödh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ödh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ödh- (patient second-person transitive)
ödh- (possessive second-person)
ödh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
o- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
o- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
o- (patient second-person transitive)
o- (possessive second-person)
o- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
oy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
oy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
oy- (patient second-person transitive)
oy- (possessive second-person)
oy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
odh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
odh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
odh- (patient second-person transitive)
odh- (possessive second-person)
odh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
a- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
a- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
a- (patient second-person transitive)
a- (possessive second-person)
a- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ay- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ay- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ay- (patient second-person transitive)
ay- (possessive second-person)
ay- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
adh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
adh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
adh- (patient second-person transitive)
adh- (possessive second-person)
adh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
m- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
m- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
mi- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
mi- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
nña (dual exclusive first-person pronoun)
y- (dual exclusive first-person)
dh- (dual exclusive first-person)
ch- (dual exclusive first-person)
i- (dual exclusive first-person)
chö- (direct-object dual exclusive first-person postpositional)
n- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
n- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ni- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ni- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
tüwü (pronoun third-person)
y- (third-person)
dh- (third-person)
ch- (third-person)
i- (third-person)
chö- (direct-object postpositional third-person)
n- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
ni- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
tüwü (distant-past past pronoun)
kün- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kün- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kun- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kun- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kin- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kin- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ken- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ken- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
küm- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
küm- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kum- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kum- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kim- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kim- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kini- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kini- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
t- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
t- (possessive reflexive)
t- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tü- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tü- (possessive reflexive)
tü- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tu- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tu- (possessive reflexive)
tu- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
ti- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
ti- (possessive reflexive)
ti- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
te- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
te- (possessive reflexive)
te- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
öö- (agent patient reciprocal transitive)
öö- (agent-like intransitive patient-like reciprocal)
öö- (direct-object postpositional reciprocal)
mön- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mön- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
k- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
k- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)

(Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel o or u


adh-

(Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel a or e


ödh-

(Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel i, ö, or ü


dh-

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of y- (third-person prefix)


जूडियो

hi-prefix

जूडियो • (jūḍiyo) (Urdu spelling جُوڈِیو)


جوڈیو

ur-prefix

جُوڈِیو • (jūḍiyo) (Hindi spelling जूडियो)

جُوڈِیو (canonical)
jūḍiyo (romanization)
जूडियो (Hindi)


มิจฉา

th-prefix

มิจฉา • (mít-chǎa)

/mit̚˦˥.t͡ɕʰaː˩˩˦/


pemer-

singkat (“short; brief”) → pemersingkat (“shortener; abbreviator; abridger”)

used to form a agent noun that can cause or change


balwa-

Old English: bealu-

Old Saxon: balu-

Old Dutch: balo-

Old High German: balo-

⇒ Old High German: balorāt

Middle High German: balrāt

From *balu (“bad, evil”), possibly a calque of Late Latin male-, from male (“badly, wrongly”).


-phane

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -φανής (-phanḗs, “having a certain appearance”).


श्रीर

head

श्रीर • (śrīra)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śriHrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćriHrás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬍𐬭𐬀 (srīra). Doublet of श्रील (śrīlá) and श्री (śrī́).

inh+

honorific prefix appended to certain names to mean "sacred" or "holy"

used as a respectful title (like "Reverend") to the names of eminent persons as well as of celebrated works and sacred objects


nhe-

Ereîcuacûpe, nde angaipába amõ abarè çuî, cenotiâmonhe¿/ ſe diſſer que ſim./ […] Ereyabí etè Tûpã nheenga ndeangaipâba cuacûpa Anhãga çupè enhemeeng-etêbo: teûmè ang-iré emonã eicôbo.

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Preguntas gèraes pera o principio da Confiſsão” (chapter 1), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n227/mode/1up Livro Sexto do Confessionário […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 97v:

Did you hide your sins from some priest, being ashamed of them, indeed? / If he says yes: […] You greatly transgress the word of God when you hide your sins, truly yielding yourself to the Devil. Beware henceforth of acting in this manner.

peimo agime mara monhagape oreguaçebaba çupe Coartel nhemeega peimoagime apiabaiba oreçui pepigçiro Ixupenho Coartel nhemeẽgi

1645 August 19, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians' letters; 1), page 1:

Don't think that in war to those we encounter quarter is given [that is, that captives are not killed]. Don't think that evil men save you from us. To them only quarter is given.


проці-

From проці (próci, “against”). Compare Russian противо- (protivo-), Ukrainian проти- (proty-), Polish przeciw-, Czech proti-.

проці- (próci-) + маляры́йны (maljarýjny, “malarial; (relational) malaria”) → процімаляры́йны (procimaljarýjny, “anti-malarial”)

проці- (próci-) + та́нкавы (tánkavy, “(relational) tank”) → проціта́нкавы (procitánkavy, “antitank”)

anti- (designed to fight against something)

проці- (próci-) + наро́дны (naródny, “national; (relational) people”) → процінаро́дны (procinaródny, “antinational, antipopular”)

проці- (próci-) + ура́давы (urádavy, “government”) → проціўра́давы (prociŭrádavy, “anti-government”)

проці- (próci-) + зако́нны (zakónny, “law (relational)”) → процізако́нны (procizakónny, “anti-law; illegal”)

anti- (opposed to, goes against the principles of someone or something)

проці- (próci-) + ціск (cisk, “pressure”) → проціці́ск (procicísk, “counter-pressure”)


fjärr-

From fjärran. Compare Norwegian Nynorsk fjern-.

en fjärrkontroll

en fjärrskådare

fjärrtrafik

having to do with a (far) removed location (or occurring over a (long) distance, thinking about it differently); remote, long-distance, tele-, etc.


נאָכ־

Prefixed form of the preposition נאָך (nokh)


dalub-

Clipping of dalubhasa, from Malay jurubahasa, on the pattern of Malay juru-, from Javanese ꦗꦸꦫꦸ (juru), from Old Javanese juru.

dalub- + wika (“language”) → dalubwika (“linguist”)

dalub- + hayop (“animal”) → dalubhayop (“zoologist”)

to form nouns denoting a person who studies a particular discipline: -ist, -ian

dalub- + guro (“teacher”) → dalubguro (“professor”)

to make a person of something related to a much higher degree


maga-

head

maga- (inchoative naga-, nag-, ga-, imperative pag-)

naga- (inchoative)
nag- (inchoative)
ga- (inchoative)
pag- (imperative)

(formal, literary) Alternative form of mag-


nekto-

Combining form of nekton, from German Nekton which was coined in 1890 by Ernst Haeckel, from Ancient Greek νηκτόν (nēktón, “swimming”).


паў-

Inherited from Old East Slavic полъ (polŭ), from Proto-Slavic *polъ (“half”). Compare Polish pół-, Russian пол- (pol-), Ukrainian пів- (piv-).


wre-

Latin: re- (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: 𐌓𐌄- (re-)

wre- + *weidsō (“to look at, go see”) → *wreweidsō (“to check, revisit”)


dagi-

dagi- + haynayan (“biology”) → dagihaynayan (“electrobiology”)

dagi- + lusaw (“liquid”) → dagilusaw (“electrolyte”)

used to form nouns related to electricity: electro-


danum-

From Kapampangan danum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danum, from Proto-Austronesian *daNum.

danum- + sigwasan (“mechanics”) → danumsigwasan (“hydrodynamics”)

danum- + haynayan (“biology”) → danumhaynayan (“hydrobiology”)

used to form nouns related to water: hydro-


پورـ

From پور (pur, “son”). See there for more details.


نـ

یو موتور مونه.

(dialectal) a prefix used before personal endings or definite direct object marker (e) to link a pronoun that ends in certain vowels

(dialectal) a prefix used before personal endings or definite direct object marker (e) to link a word that ends in certain vowels


بسـ

From Middle Persian ws (/was/), from Proto-Iranian *was- (“to want, wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *weḱ- (“to wish”). In origin, the same as بس (“enough, only; many”).


زیرـ

From زیر (“under; bottom part”). See there for further details.


همـ

همـ (ham-) + کلاس (kelâs, “class”) → همکلاس (hamkelâs, “classmate”)

همـ (ham-) + سایه (sâye, “shadow, shade”) → همسایه (hamsâye, “neighbor”)

همـ (ham-) + وطن (vatan, “fatherland, nation”) → هموطن (hamvatan, “compatriot”)


دژـ

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”).


ضدـ

From ضد (zedd-e, “against”). See there for more details.

ضدـ + آب (âb) → ضدآب (zedd-e-âb, “waterproof”)

ضدـ + انقلاب (enqelâb) → ضدانقلاب (zedd-e-enqelâb, “counter-revolutionary, counterrevolutionary”)

ضدـ + تانک (tânk) → ضدتانک (zedd-e-tânk, “anti-tank, antitank”)

ضدـ + تروریسم (terorism) → ضدتروریسم (zedd-e-terorism, “anti-terrorism, antiterrorism”)

ضدـ + یخ (yax) → ضدیخ (zedd-e-yax, “anti-freeze, antifreeze”)


میـ

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hmy /hamē/).

inh

میـ (mi-) + کردم (kardam, “I did”) = میکردم (mi-kardam, “I used to do; I was doing”)

a non-combining prefix used in the present and the imperfect tenses


بیـ

head

بیـ or بیـ • (bê-, bi- or transliteration needed)

بیـ (canonical)
bê- (romanization)
bi- (romanization)
transliteration needed (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: bi-

→ Bengali: বে- (be-)

→ Chagatai: بی

Uyghur: بىـ (bi-)

Uzbek: be-

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बे- (be-)

Urdu: بے (be-)

→ Marathi: बे- (be-)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੇ- (be-)

Shahmukhi script: بے (be)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بی (bi-)

Turkish: bi-

→ Ushojo: بے (be-)

From بی (“without”), earlier ابی (abê), from Middle Persian [script needed] (apě), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Compare Old Armenian ապա- (apa-), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

بیـ + گناه (gonâh, “sin”) → بیگناه (bê-gonâh, “innocent”, literally “sinless”)

-less (sometimes also translated as un-, in-; see example below)


بـ

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bʾ /bē/, “out, away, forth”, also preverbal particle of unclear additional meanings), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe.
In Classical Persian the prefix did not indicate the subjunctive, but had diverse and generally vague meanings depending on the context. The development into a subjunctive marker went hand in hand with the displacement of the simple present by the durative present in می (mi-). Thereby be- became more and more associated with the subjunctive position and was ultimately grammaticalised in this function. The use of simple present for the subjunctive is now literary, while its use for the indicative is archaic/poetic.

میخوام پانکراستو بخورم.

واضح است که لوکاشنکو باید برود.

2020, “ماکرون: لوکاشنکو باید برود [Macron: Lukashenko must go]”, in Euronews Persian:

marks the present subjunctive of most verbs

این را ببین.

راحت بخواب.

(archaic) Adds an emphatic sense to a verb in the simple past.


то-

to- (romanization)
spelling تا (Persian)

From то (to, “until”). Phono-semantic matching of Russian до- (do-, “pre-”).

psm

то- (to-) + синф (sinf, “class”) → тосинфӣ (tosinfi, “preclass”)

то- (to-) + инқилоб (inqilob, “revolution”) → тоинқилобӣ (toyinqilobi, “prerevolutionary”)

то- (to-) + ҷанг (jang, “war”) → тоҷангӣ (tojangi, “prewar, antebellum”)

то- (to-) + таърих (taʾrix, “history”) → тотаърихӣ (totaʾrixi, “prehistoric”)

то- (to-) + мактаб (maktab, “school”) → томактабӣ (tomaktabi, “preschool”)

то- (to-) + шӯравӣ (šüravi, “soviet”) → тошӯравӣ (tošüravi, “pre-Soviet”)


východo-

východo- + český (“Bohemian”) → východočeský (“East Bohemian”)

východo- + moravský (“Moravian”) → východomoravský (“East Moravian”)

východo- + slovanský (“Slavic”) → východoslovanský (“East Slavic”)

východo- + evropský (“European”) → východoevropský (“Eastern European”)

východo- + asijský (“Asian”) → východoasijský (“East Asian”)


ιστο-

Prefixed formation from Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “web, tissue”).


amo-

calli (“house”) → amocal (“your (pl.) house”)

(personal prefix, possessive) Used to form the second-person plural possessive of nouns: your (pl)


ἐρι-

(chiefly Epic and Lyric) intensifying prefix: very, greatly


som-

sōmcuc (“half-alive”)


physo-

From Ancient Greek φῦσα (phûsa, “bladder”) or from φῡσᾰ́ω (phūsáō, “to blow, to puff”).

A combining form meaning “bladder,” used in the formation of compound words.


phobo-

From Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).


acetabulo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from acetabulum (which see for more).

(anatomy, medicine) acetabulum; acetabular.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


las-

Contracted from leath is (“the side that is”)

prefixed to adverbs of stationary location to indicate location on the side indicated


syndesmo-

From Ancient Greek σύνδεσμος (súndesmos, “binding, fastening, ligament”).


हथ-

हथ- (hath-) + कड़ी (kaṛī, “link; fetter”) → हथकड़ी (hathkaṛī, “handcuff”)

हाथ हाथ#Hindi

हथ- (hath-) + नाल (nāl, “pipe; barrel (of a firearm)”) → हथनाल (hathnāl, “small cannon carried on an elephant”)

हाथी हाथी#Hindi

Combining form of हाथी (hāthī, “elephant”).


De-

De- + Shawna → DeShawna

De- + Angelo → DeAngelo

De- + Andre → DeAndre

(US, African-American Vernacular, anthroponymy) Unisex prefix used in African-American given names.


νεο-

→ Catalan: neo-

→ Dutch: neo-

→ English: neo-

→ Finnish: neo-

→ German: neo-

→ Hungarian: neo-

→ Indonesian: neo-

→ Irish: neo-

→ Italian: neo-

→ Norwegian Bokmål: neo-

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: neo-

→ Polish: neo-

→ Portuguese: neo-

→ Spanish: neo-

→ Swedish: neo-

→ Translingual: neo-


X-

Back-formation from X-burguer, from English cheeseburger.

X- + salada (“salad”) → X-salada (“burger with salad”)

X- + tudo (“everything”) → X-tudo (“burger with everything”)

(informal, Brazil, cooking) Combined with a relevant filling to form the name of a burger or other food item.


wë-

môwjic + wë- → wëmôwjic


pô-

pô- + kazac → pôkazac

forms perfective verbs, often iterative in nature


wù-

wù- + twôrzëc → wùtwôrzëc


fracto-

Borrowed from French fracto-, from Latin frāctus (“broken”).

fracto- + emission → fractoemission (“the generation of charge through the breakup of rock particles”)

Forming terms relating to the fracture or breaking of something.


pelvi-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin pēlvis (“basin”).

pelvimeter

pelviureteric


juveno-

Borrowed from Latin iuvenis, juvenis (“young; youth”).

Forming terms relating to youth or young people.


rôz-

rôz- + ozac → rôzozac


dô-

dô- + ozac → dôozac

forms perfective verbs, often meaning "all the way", "entirely", or "to the end"


(o)uxs-

desc

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*uts-</i>

Old Irish: uss- (merged with *uts-)

as seen in <i class="Latn mention" lang="xce">usaketuz</i> etc.

Celtiberian: us- (as seen in usaketuz etc.)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewp- (“up”).


teː

Proto-North Iroquoian: *te

Mohawk: te-

Cayuga: de-


nauto-

Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek ναυτικός (nautikós).


fest-

From the adjective fest, from Middle High German vest, from Old High German festi, from Proto-West Germanic *fast, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz.

separable verbal prefix that signifies an action that results in the object being in a firm, tightened, fastened, or attached state


naki-

used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with maki-


przë-

przë- + ãkrac → przëãkrac

przë- + baczic → przëbaczic


przê-

przê- + baczic → przêbaczic

przê- + jyc → przêjc

added to verbs to mean across, through, trans-, per-


wô-

wô- + baczic → wôbaczic

prefix indicating a perfective verb, sometimes with a semantic shift


Russio-

Mr. Tchoubinof, employed in foreign affairs in St. Petersburg, and a Georgian by birth, has edited a Georgio-Russio-French Dictionary,²⁸ infinitely richer than vocabularies we previously possessed.

1842, E. Roer, “Report made by J. Mohl in the General Meeting of the Asiatic Society of Paris, 31st May, 1841 […], translated from the French”, in Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (New Series), volume 11, number 125, Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, page 431:


nakiki-

used to form progressive aspect of verbs prefixed with maki-


git-

git- + lapi (“affix”) → gitlapi (“infix”)

git- + tuldok (“period, dot, point”) → gituldok (“midpoint”)

git- + lawas (“corpse, body”) → gitlawas (“centrosome”)

used to form nouns denoting its position in the middle or center


mai-

mai- + balik (“return”) → maibalik (“to be able to return something”)

mai- + sugod (“rush”) → maisugod (“to be able to rush something or someone”)

mai- + tama (“correct”) → maitama (“to be able to correct something or someone”)

used to form verbs that indicates capability to do something; used only in i- prefixed verbs


dī-

Proto-Brythonic: *di-

Middle Welsh: di-

Welsh: di-

Old Irish: dí-


ζά-

Rarely as preposition ζά (zá), corresponding to διά (diá).

Aeolic form of δια- (dia-, “intensifying prefix”)


mani-

From many; and also continuing Middle English mani-, mæni-, maniȝ- (also moni-, moniȝ-), from Old English maniġ-, meniġ-, maneġ- (“many-, multi-”), from Proto-West Germanic *managa-, *manīga- (“many-, multi-”), from Proto-Germanic *managaz (“many”). Cognate with Old Frisian manich-, monich- (“many-”), Old Dutch manag- (“many-”), Old Saxon manag- (“many-”), Old High German manag- (“many-”), modern German manch- (“many-, some-”).

manicoloured, manifaceted, manifold, manisided, maniverse

Alternative spelling of many used in combination with nouns to form other nouns and adjectives


wôd-

wôd- + jyć → wôdjyc

indicates repetition of some process; re-

wôd- + dac → wôddać

indicates returning an action to someone; back


अठ-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haštā́
Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa)
Prakrit 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞 (aṭṭha)
Apabhramsa अट्ठ (aṭṭha)
Old Hindi अठ (aṭha)
Hindi अठ- (aṭh-)From Old Hindi अठ (aṭha), from Apabhramsa अट्ठ (aṭṭha), from Prakrit 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞 (aṭṭha), from Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.


पन-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-
Sanskrit पा (pā)
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Sanskrit -अन (-ana)
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-iHyas
Sanskrit -ईय (-īya)
Sanskrit -अनीय (-anīya)
Sanskrit पानीय (pānīya)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅 (pāṇīa)
Sauraseni Apabhramsa पाणिअ (pāṇia)
Old Hindi पांनी (pāṃnī)
Hindi पन- (pan-)
Inherited from Sanskrit पानीय (pānīya); see पानी (pānī) for more.

पानी पानी#Hindi


πεντακόσι-

From πεντακόσιοι (pentakósioi, “five hundred”).


spongio-

From Ancient Greek σπογγιά (spongiá, “sponge”).

der

Relating to sponges or a spongy substance.


अपि-

See अपि (api). Cognate to English by- and Ancient Greek ἐπῐ- (epi-).

अपि- (api-) + कर्ण (karṇa, “ear”) → अपिकर्ण (apikarṇa, “ears-region”)


ⲣ-

ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ#Coptic

(Sahidic, Lycopolitan, Akhmimic) nominal state of ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire), forming verbs derived from nouns or adjectives.


caec-

(biology, medicine) Alternative form of caeco-


нє-

negation prefix: un-, non-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-, mis-


prīkš-

From the unmetathesised form of prīška (“front”). Akin to Latvian priekš-.


pamba-

feto (“to complain, to scold”) > pambafeto (“having the habit of complaining or scolding; a complainer, scolder”)

gara (“to tease”) > pambagara (“having the habit of teasing, a teaser”)

Used to form an adjective or noun that denoting a habit.

(very rare) Used to form a common agent noun, e.g. picker, sprinkler, etc.


вецей-

From вецей (vecej). Compare Slovak viac-.


kato-

From Ancient Greek κάτω (kátō, “downwards, below”).


noci-

From Latin noceo (“hurt”). First used in nociception.

(physiology) Relating to pain and its perception.


molybdo-

combining form of molybdenum, used to indicate that a substance or compound contains molybdenum