i-

Contracted from earlier ili-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.


i-

Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.


i-

Alternative form of in-, used before l, m and n.


i-

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́- and Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

For a full table including first and second person

هُيُوِ دُنِيَ اِيْنَ غُرُرِ ، دِيَ زَتَتَسِ هُزَدَمَيِْ،

R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249

This world is deceitful, why follow its ways?

Huyui dunia ina ghururi? ndia za-tatasi huzandamaye?

Ilikuwa kiasi cha saa moja-unusu ya usiku[…]

1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:

It was about half past seven in the night […]

it, they; [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|mi class_((IV))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((IX))]] subject concord

verb-initial form of -i- (“it, them; [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|mi class_((IV))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((IX))]] object concord”)


i-

i- + bili (“buy”) → ibili (“to buy something for someone”)

Ibili mo ako ng saging.

benefactive trigger: to perform the action of the verb for someone or something (expresses various kinds of actions)

i- + tapon (“throw”) → itapon (“to throw”)

Itapon mo iyan sa basurahan.

object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing (expresses various kinds of actions)

i- + sulat (“write”) → isulat (“to use something for writing”)

Isulat mo ng listahan ang lapis.

instrumental trigger: to use something for a certain purpose (expresses various kinds of actions)


i-

(transitive) First person plural subject + third person singular object.

(transitive) Second person singular subject + third person inverse number object.

(transitive) Third person singular subject + third person inverse number object.

(transitive) Third person plural subject + third person singular object.

(formative) Third person plural subject.


i-

ewü (first-person pronoun)
y- (first-person)
ü- (first-person)
u- (first-person)
w- (agent first-person transitive)
w- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
wi- (agent first-person transitive)
wi- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
küwü (dual first-person inclusive pronoun)
k- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
k- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
k- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
kü- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
kü- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ku- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ku- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ki- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ki- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
k- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kii- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ki- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
amödö (pronoun second-person)
ö- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ö- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ö- (patient second-person transitive)
ö- (possessive second-person)
ö- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
öy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
öy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
öy- (patient second-person transitive)
öy- (possessive second-person)
öy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ödh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ödh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ödh- (patient second-person transitive)
ödh- (possessive second-person)
ödh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
o- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
o- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
o- (patient second-person transitive)
o- (possessive second-person)
o- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
oy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
oy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
oy- (patient second-person transitive)
oy- (possessive second-person)
oy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
odh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
odh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
odh- (patient second-person transitive)
odh- (possessive second-person)
odh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
a- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
a- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
a- (patient second-person transitive)
a- (possessive second-person)
a- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ay- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ay- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ay- (patient second-person transitive)
ay- (possessive second-person)
ay- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
adh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
adh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
adh- (patient second-person transitive)
adh- (possessive second-person)
adh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
m- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
m- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
mi- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
mi- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
nña (dual exclusive first-person pronoun)
y- (dual exclusive first-person)
dh- (dual exclusive first-person)
ch- (dual exclusive first-person)
i- (dual exclusive first-person)
chö- (direct-object dual exclusive first-person postpositional)
n- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
n- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ni- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ni- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
tüwü (pronoun third-person)
y- (third-person)
dh- (third-person)
ch- (third-person)
i- (third-person)
chö- (direct-object postpositional third-person)
n- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
ni- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
tüwü (distant-past past pronoun)
kün- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kün- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kun- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kun- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kin- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kin- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ken- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ken- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
küm- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
küm- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kum- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kum- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kim- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kim- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kini- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kini- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
t- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
t- (possessive reflexive)
t- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tü- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tü- (possessive reflexive)
tü- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tu- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tu- (possessive reflexive)
tu- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
ti- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
ti- (possessive reflexive)
ti- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
te- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
te- (possessive reflexive)
te- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
öö- (agent patient reciprocal transitive)
öö- (agent-like intransitive patient-like reciprocal)
öö- (direct-object postpositional reciprocal)
mön- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mön- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
k- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
k- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)

(Caura River dialect) allomorph of y- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants

(Cunucunuma River dialect) allomorph of dh- (third-person prefix) used for non-deictic stems that begin with a consonant

forms part of the circumfix allomorphs of various adverbializers, i- -jai, i- -'da, and i- -emje, used for stems that begin with two consonants


i-

abstract or instrument nominalizing prefix

ù- in Southeast Yorùbá and some Central Yorùbá dialects such as Èkìtì and Ìjẹ̀ṣà


i-

u- in Southeast Yorùbá and some Central Yorùbá dialects such as Èkìtì and Ìjẹ̀ṣà


i-

Contracted from earlier íli-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


of-

From Proto-Germanic *aba- (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”). Cognate with Old Saxon af-, Old Norse af-, Gothic 𐌰𐍆- (af-), English off-; and with Latin ab-, Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-).


of-

English: off-

Scots: aff-, af-

From Old English of-, af-, and Old Norse af-.


of-

desctree

Middle English: of-, offe-, ove-, hove-, ho-, o-, af-, ave-
English: off-
Scots: aff-, af-

From Proto-Germanic *aba- (“away, away from”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”). Cognate with Old Saxon af-, Old Norse af-, Gothic 𐌰𐍆- (af-), Old High German ab; and with Latin ab-, Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-).

ofgān

ofmunan

ofġiefan

ofdæle

ofēhtan

ofdrincan

ofclipian


allo-

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (English else).

alloresponse is an alloimmune response, alloreaction is an immune response to an alloantigen, alloresponsive is that generates an alloresponse

(biology, medicine) Nonself; nonself but of the same species. Used as an antonym to auto-.

(immunology) Alloimmunity; (biology, medicine, transplantation) transplantation of cells or tissues from one person to another.

alloalbumin is any of a group of genetically-related albumins found in blood serum, allomorph is any of the different crystalline forms of a substance, alloidentical is being of the identical allotype

(chemistry, biology) An arbitrary member of a heterogenous-but-interrelated group.

allogeneous is from a nonself donor of the same species, allorecognition is the ability of an individual organism to distinguish its own tissues from those of another, alloimmunity is immunity against cells from another organism

allonomous is controlled by an external stimulus, allochory is the passive dispersal of seeds by means of external agents, allogenic is having an external cause or source

External, outside, or from a separate location.

allohaploid is having a single set of unpaired chromosomes derived from two different species, allopolyploid is having multiple complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species, allohexaploid is having six complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species

(genetics) Hybridization of multiple species.

allolactose is an isomer of the sugar lactose, allocholane is the isomer of cholane 5α-cholane, allobetulin is a naturally-occurring isomer of betulin

(chemistry) Isomeric; especially, of amino acids having two chiral centres, the second diastereoisomer to be discovered or synthesized.

(chemistry) a diastereomer having the same configuration on four neighboring chiral carbon atoms as carbohydrate allose.

allolalia is any speech disorder resulting from cerebral damage, allochromasia is a defect in colour vision, allorhythmia is an irregular pattern of the heartbeat

Different, distinct, or other with respect to the root.

(pathology) Abnormal, defective with respect to the root.

allophone is a person whose mother tongue is one other than that spoken by the majority, alloparent is an adult animal or person involved in parent-like behaviour towards an individual that is not his or her offspring, allophane is an amorphous hydrous aluminium silicate clay mineral named for "having a deceptive reaction in the blowpipe flame in old mineralogical testing"

allohistorical is relating to alternate history as a genre, alloplasm is cytoplasm that has been modified to form cilia or flagella, allobar is an area where the atmospheric pressure changes

alloprotein is a synthetic protein (especially one that contains an amino acid that is not found in nature), allopurinol is a synthetic drug which inhibits uric acid formation

(chemistry, pharmacology) Synthetic, artificial.

allosome is a sex chromosome that differs from an ordinary autosome in form or size, allonym is a book published under the name of a person other than its true author, allocolonial is between members of different colonies

allophony is variation in the phonetic realizations of a phoneme, allocher is any of two or more alternative hand signs for a chereme in a sign language, allograph is a variant form of a letter (or other grapheme)

(linguistics) Alternative, variant in form.

Variety, heterogeneity.
Alternative, variant in form.

allochromatic is having a colour that is due to the presence of impurities, allochromatic is having properties that are due to the presence of impurities or to radiation damage, allostratigraphy is the study and classification of rock strata by features causing as unconformities and discontinuities in the rock record

(chemistry, mineralogy) Impure in composition.

Variety, heterogeneity.
Impure in composition.

allopelagic is that lives at a variety of depths, allochronic is occurring in different geologic time periods, allocentric is of a tourist: tending to be adventurous and preferring novel and unfamiliar experiences

allosuck is to suckle from a female who is not one's own mother, allocare is care given to an infant by an animal that is not the infant's parent, allofather is a male alloparent

(ethology) Alloparenting: parenting behaviours between animals who are not parent and child.

alloromantic is someone who experiences romantic attraction, alloerotic is having erotic desire of or attraction to another person of any sex, allonormativity is the assumption that all human beings are allosexual or alloromantic

(LGBT) Not asexual; attracted to others.


allo-

allo- + -graf → allograf


to-

From Middle English to-, from Old English tō-, te- (“apart, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *tuʀ-, *twiʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz- (“apart, in two”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwis- (“two-ways, in twain”).

inh

tocrack is to crack, togrind is to grind or break to pieces, torend is to rend to pieces

(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.

(no longer productive) Parting: forming verbs that involve cleaving, breaking, or sundering.

tobeat is to beat excessively, topinch is to pinch severely, toquake is to quake or tremble exceedingly, toruffle is to ruffle excessively

(no longer productive) To do excessively.

tobruise is to completely beat or batter, toreave is to remove completely, torob is to steal completely, toshend is to ruin completely

tolug is to pull about, towind is to whirl around


to-

today as a current day or date, tonight as the nighttime of the current day, tosol as the current sol (Martian day)

Used in various ways to indicate temporality:

Current, the current form of the suffixed time. Forming nouns.

today as on the current day or date, tomorrow as on the day after the present day, tomorn as on the morning

On (this) time, which is a fixed point in time. Forming adverbs.

today as the day which is currently happening, tonight as during the evening of today, toyear as during the year

During the suffixed time. Forming adverbs.

today as current and up to date, together as coherent and well-organized

Of, as characteristic of the suffixed time period. Forming adverbs and adjectives.

tomorrow as at some point in the future, tofall as the end or decline, together as at the same time, in the same place

At, at the suffixed time. Forming an unfixed point in time, rather than a duration.

to-bread is an extra loaf added by bakers to every dozen, to-name is a name added to another name

to-draw is a resort to which one is drawn, tofall is a shed or building with a roof formed in a single slope with the top resting against the wall, together is to gather into one place or thing


to-

English: to-

From to (“in the direction of”), from Old English tō.

Affixed to verbs and verb inflections to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension.

Affixed to adjectives, adverbs and prepositions to impart a sense of approach, extension and/or proximity.

(rare) Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension.


to-

English: to-

From Old English tō-, te- (“apart, asunder”).

Appended to verbs and nouns to impart a sense of separation and/or departure.

Appended to verbs and nouns to intensify or emphasise the meaning.


to-

From Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Cognate with Old Frisian ti-, te-, Old Saxon te-, Old High German zi-, zir-, zar-, zur- (German zer-), Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-), and with Latin dis-.

tefeallan, tōfeallan

titwǣman, tōtwǣman

tetorfian, tōtorfian

verbal prefix with a sense of "in pieces, apart, asunder", or with intensive force

tōtalu

tōsprǣċ

used to form substantives from other nouns


to-

prefix used to create verbs and associated verbal nouns


to-

tōdōn (“to add; to close”)

tōheftian (“to fix”)

tōhlinon (“to lean against”)

tōhnēgian (“to neigh towards”)

tōrūnon (“to whisper”)

tōsprekan (“to speak with, discuss, talk to”)

tōstōtan (“to push, thrust”)

tōward (“future”)

tōwardes (“near”)

tōwardig (“near”)

tōwendian (“to turn towards”)

Creates words with a sense of ‘towards, to, against’


to-

tobawa (“to be brought”)

marks the impersonal passive of transitive verbs

tole'e (“to urinate”)

forms verbs expressing involuntary action


to-

Brythonic:

Old Breton: to-

Middle Breton: do-, de-

Cornish: de-

Old Welsh: di-

Middle Welsh: dy-

Welsh: dy-

Old Irish: to-, do-, do-

Middle Irish: do-

Unknown. Dunkel gives two suggestions, either Proto-Indo-European *tó (“to, towards”), but there are no clear cognates, or PIE *tó (“then”), compare Hittite 𒋫 (ta-, “then”, connective particle). Matasović's derivation from PIE *tó- (pronoun) is plausible neither semantically nor morphologically, because the stem *tó- was otherwise completely replaced by *só- in Celtic.

m+

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme


new-

newborn

newfound

newcreate

newmodel


ptero-

From Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing, feather”).

uder

e.g. pterosaur, pterophorid, pterochorous, pterygoid

e.g. pterography, pterophyte


ur-

From German ur-, originally from Old High German ir-, ur- (“thoroughly”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”), from Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd (same meaning). Cognate with Dutch oer-, English or-.

Some stories reach deeper, into the most primal and profound truths. They mirror, in new and original ways, the Ur-myth, the act of creation itself.

2003, John Adcox, 'Can Fantasy be Myth? Mythopoeia and The Lord of the Rings', The Newsletter of the Mythic Imagination Institutehttp://www.mythicjourneys.org/passages/septoct2003/newsletterp8.html

Lebanon ultimately remains hostage to the regional ur-conflict over Palestine.

2007, Max Rodenbeck, ‘Lebanon's Agony’, New York Review of Books, volume 54, number 11:

Forming words with the sense of “proto-, primitive, original”.

ur-

forming words with the sense of 'primitive'


ur-

From Middle High German ur-, from Old High German ur-, ir- (“thoroughly”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”).

ur- + Woid (“forest”) → Urwoid (“primeval forest”)

ur- + Knoi (“bang”) → Urknoi (“Big Bang”)

ur- + Opa (“grandfather”) → Uropa (“great-grandfather”)

ur- + Großtant (“great-aunt”) → Urgroßtant (“great-great-aunt”)

great-; indicates an additional generation of separation between relatives

ur- + oid (“old”) → uroid (“ancient”)

ur- + teier (“expensive”) → urteier (“very expensive”)

ur- + klaa (“small”) → urklaa (“very small, tiny”)

(chiefly East Central Bavarian, Vienna) very; used to intensify adjectives


ur-

→ English: ur-

→ Dutch: oer-

From Middle High German ur-, from Old High German ur-, ir- (“thoroughly”), from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”).

ur- + Schrei (“scream”) → Urschrei (“primal scream”)

ur- + Wald (“forest”) → Urwald (“primeval forest”)

ur- + alt (“old”) → uralt (“ancient”)

ur- + gemütlich (“cosy”) → urgemütlich (“very cosy”)

(especially Austria) very; used to intensify adjectives


ur-

ur- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ur- (eclipsis mutation)
hur- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-ur- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of for- (“over, superior, super-; outer, external; great, extreme”)


ur-

exceedingly, extremely, very (in adjectives)


ur-

Middle High German: ur-

desctree

German: ur-
→ English: ur-
→ Dutch: oer-

Yiddish: אור־ (ur-)


ur-

aboriginal, primeval, proto-, original (with general connotations of old)

Han är urgammal

Hon är urfånig


seri

Indonesian: seri, sri


hexaprismo-

(chemistry) having twelve atoms, bound into a hexagonal prism


hexahedro-

(chemistry) having eight atoms, bound into a hexahedron (cube)


föl-

föl- + megy (“to walk”) → fölmegy (“to walk up”)

(verbal prefix) Alternative form of fel-, originally indicating actions with upward direction.


le-

esik (“to fall”) → leesik (“to fall down”)

ül (“to sit”) → leül (“to sit down”)

néz (“to look”) → lenéz (“to look down at (someone/something); to look down on (someone), to hold someone in contempt”)

vezet (“to drive”) → levezet (“to drive down to (a town, a destination); to deduce something”)

beszél (“to talk”) → lebeszél (“to dissuade”)

(verbal prefix) Indicates actions with downward direction, either figuratively or literally.

zár (“to lock”) → lezár (“to lock up”)

fordít (“to translate”) → lefordít (“to (completely, thoroughly) translate”)

vezet (“to lead”) → levezet (“to conduct (a meeting, a trial, etc.)”)

fizet (“to pay”) → lefizet (“to pay off; to bribe”)

beszél (“to talk”) → lebeszél (“to exhaust (something, usually one's phone credit) by talking”)

vásárol (“to buy”) → levásárol (“to claim (a coupon, etc.) and use up”)

dolgozik (“to work”) → ledolgoz (“to work off (extra pounds); to work until one has the necessary amount of work hours because of substitutions, shift changes, holidays, etc.”)

ül (“to sit”) → leül (“to convert financial penalty into time spent in jail instead of paying”)

(verbal prefix) Indicates the repeated or continuous performance of an action until something's depleted, exhausted, etc.


le-

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


le-

-ül

eaglet; bear cub; dad, daddy; grandma; kid, kiddie; Sam, Sammy; imp, demon; ice cube; lukewarmness

morpheme indicates young or offspring, e.g. kvilül, berül, ; suffix that can show endearment or affection (often combining the idea of diminutiveness), e.g. fatül, lemotül, cilül, Samül, diabül, gladül, vamül

fat (“father”) → lefat (“grandfather”)

gudik (“good”) → legudik (“excellent”)


el-

elveni (“come out”), eltiri (“pull out, draw out”), elĵeti (“throw out”)

eltrinki (“to drink up, drink all of something”), eluzi (“to use up, wear out”), ellerni (“to learn all the way, to master”)

all the way, to a significant degree of completion, up


el-

megy (“to go, to walk”) → elmegy (“to go away”)

vet (“to throw, to cast”) → elvet (“to dismiss, to rule out, to throw out (a plan or a possible solution)”)

néz (“to look”) → elnéz (“to excuse, to forgive, to look the other way”)

(verbal prefix) indicates actions whose direction is pointing away from the speaker, either literally or figuratively

ír (“to write”) → elír (“to misspell”)

számol (“to calculate”) → elszámol (“to miscalculate”)

néz (“to look”) → elnéz (“to overlook”)

(verbal prefix) indicates the unsuccessful or inaccurate completion of an action

lop (“to steal something”) → ellop (“to steal something from someone”)

zár (“to lock”) → elzár (“to lock away, to store something securely”)

(verbal prefix) indicates separation, deprivation, etc.

alszik (“to sleep”) → elalszik (“to fall asleep”)

éget (“to burn”) → eléget (“to burn away, to destroy completely by burning”)

játszik (“to act”) → eljátszik (“to act out”)

fogy (“to decrease, to diminish (in size, quantity, etc.)”) → elfogy (“to get used up”)

(verbal prefix) indicates completeness or perfection

áll (“to stand”) → eláll (“of food: to remain fresh, not to get spoiled”)

van (“to be, to exist”) → elvan (“to entertain/amuse oneself”)

néz (“to look”) → elnéz (“to observe something, to watch”)

játszik (“to play”) → eljátszik (“to play for a long time”)

(verbal prefix) indicates continuity over a long period of time


el-

From Proto-West Germanic *ali-, *allja-, from Proto-Germanic *ali- ~ *alja-, combining form of *aljaz (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos. Cognate with Old Saxon eli-, Old High German eli-, and Old Norse alja-.


nor-

(organic chemistry) A compound derived from another by removal of a radical, especially by removal of methyl or methylene.


mero-

Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part, portion”), from μείρομαι (meíromai, “I take”).


mero-

From Ancient Greek μηρός (mērós, “thigh”).

meralgia; merocele


pentaprismo-

(chemistry) compounds having ten atoms bound into a pentagonal prism


pan-

Used to form higher clades with one main member.


pan-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πᾰν- (pan-), combining form of πᾶς (pâs, “all, every”).

pancarditis is inflammation of all three layers of the heart, panophthalmitis is the inflammation of all coats of the eye, panplegia is paralysis of all four extremities

panallergenic is relating to all (or most) allergens, panbacterial is relating to all (or most) types of bacteria, panhypopituitarism is a form of hypopituitarism affecting most of the pituitary hormones

Most, nearly all, effectively all in quantity.

pancaspase is involving or relating to all (or most) caspases, pangender is encompassing or including all genders, panlingual is involving or encompassing all languages

Encompassing, including all, or involving all.

pancolonoscopy is colonoscopy of the entire colon, pangastritis is inflammation of the entire stomach lining, pangenomic is relating to the whole of a genome

Entire, whole; the entirety of the root object or category.

pangeometry is a generalized geometry in any number of dimensions, panphobia is the fear of everything, theopanism is the belief that the universe emanates from God

Universal, everything, all that can be imagined.

Pan-Africanism is a sociopolitical movement seeking to unify native Africans and those of African heritage into a global community, pan-Indianism is a movement promoting unity among different American Indian groups in the Americas regardless of tribal or local affiliations, pan-nationalism is nationalism that transcends traditional (historical) national identities or boundaries (such as borders) in order to create a single, unified identity

Unification of a social group; the political movement to unify said group.

pancontinental is across all continents, pan-Covid is covering all strains of the COVID-19 virus, pancultural is across all cultures

Spanning the entirety of a set which may not be countable; its members may not be clearly distinguished from each other.

panarctic is throughout the Arctic, pancolitis is a very severe form of ulcerative colitis that spreads throughout the large intestine from cecum to rectum, panfandom is occurring throughout or encompassing all of fandom

Throughout an area indicated by the root.

Pan-Asian is covering or representing all of Asia; pan-Palestinian is covering or representing Palestinians in the West Bank, Gaza and the diaspora; Pan-Anglican is belonging to, or representing, the whole Church of England

Representing or covering a given social group.

panallergen is any of a class of ubiquitous allergenic substances; pannecrosis is widespread necrosis, especially of neurons

Ubiquitous, widespread. The root indicates what is widespread rather than the area in which it is widespread.

panenteroviral is relating to all enteroviruses, Panhellenic is of or relating to all Greece or all the Greeks, panneural is relating to all nerves, panphilia is a state of loving or accepting all things

pancurious is exhibiting a state of uncertainty about one's pansexual or panromantic status; panphobia is fear, dislike, or hatred of pansexual people and/or pansexuality


pan-

pan- + takop (“a cover”) → pantakop (“an instrument used to cover something”)

Instrumentative case of the noun - a tool or an instrument that is used to perform the action expressed by the root


pan-

Internationalism (see English pan-), ultimately from Ancient Greek πᾰν- (pan-).


pan-

From Ancient Greek πᾶν (pân), neuter form of πᾶς (pâs, “all, every”).


pan-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek πᾶν (pân).


pan-

pan- + digma (“war”) → pandigma (“meant for war”)

pan- + diwa (“gist”) → pandiwa (“verb”)

pan- + lasa (“flavor”) → panlasa (“taste”)

pan- + samantala (“while”) → pansamantala (“temporary”)

pan- + sampalataya (“belief”) → pananampalataya (“faith”)

pan- + takip (“cover”) → pantakip (“an instrument used to cover something”)

pan- + talo (“defeat”) → panalo (“victory”)

Alternative form of pang-, if the root starts with alveolar consonants, such as ⟨d⟩, ⟨l⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨r⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨t⟩, which sometimes gets nasally assimilated to the prefix ending when starts with alveolar consonants, ⟨s⟩, ⟨t⟩, or ⟨d⟩.


auro-

(medicine, rare) Alternative form of aur- (“ear; sound; noise”)


plumb-

(chemistry) Alternative form of plumbo-; used before a vowel.


stann-

(chemistry) Alternative form of stanno- used before a vowel.


αν-

form of privative of α- (a-) before vowels


α-

Inherited from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

α- (a-) + βάσιμος (vásimos, “reliable”) → αβάσιμος (avásimos, “unreliable”)

ά- (á-) + μέτρο (métro, “measure”) → άμετρος (ámetros, “countless”)

αν- (an-) + αλάτι (aláti, “salt”) → ανάλατος (análatos, “unsalted”)

a-, an-, in-, un-, -less (Τhe alpha privative, privative a, alpha privativum, indicating an opposite or lacking sense)


idro-

From Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).


Fitz-

From Anglo-Norman fitz, from Old French fiz (modern fils), from Latin fīlius (“son”).

(used in A surnames) Son of; especially used for the illegitimate sons of royalty.


keski-

keski- (nominative singular)
keskeä (partitive singular)
keskellä (adessive singular)
keskeltä (ablative singular)
keskelle (allative singular)
keskitse (prolative singular)
keskenään (essive singular)
kesken (instructive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *keski, from Proto-Finno-Permic *keske. Cognates include Estonian kesk- and Moksha кеска (keska, “waist”).

Veikko oli keskipituinen mies.

Keski-Eurooppa

Keskilänsi

keskipainoinen

keskitulo

keskiviikko


keski-

From Proto-Finnic *keski-. Cognates include Finnish keski- and Estonian kesk-.


oxal-

(chemistry) derived from, or related to oxalic acid


oxalo-

(organic chemistry) derived from, or related to oxalic acid

(organic chemistry) containing the radical -CO-COOH derived from oxalic acid by removal of a hydroxyl


oxi-

From Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”).


sodio-

(obsolete, chemistry) compound of sodium


bathy-

From Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús, “deep”).


areo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀραιός (araiós).


areo-

areo- + -grafia → areografia


cloro-

From Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “pale green”).


cloro-

(organic chemistry) chloro- (chlorine, green)


Inver-

From Scottish Gaelic inbhir (“river mouth, confluence”), from Old Irish *in(d)ber, from Proto-Celtic *endo-ber-o (“carrying in”), from *endo (“in”), from Proto-Indo-European *en-do-, from *h₁én. Analagous to Welsh aber (“river mouth, confluence”), from Old Welsh oper, aper, from Proto-Brythonic.


hiero-

From Ancient Greek prefix ἱερο- (hiero-), from ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”).

(chiefly Eastern Orthodoxy) Denoting a man of a title such as a monk who is also a clergyman (e.g. hieromonk, hierodeacon, hieromartyr).


hiero-

hiero- + glif → hieroglif


dar-

dar- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddar- (mutation mutation-soft)
nar- (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *do-are-, corresponding to dy- (“to, together”) + ar- (“on; near”).

dar- + llith (“reading”) → darlith (“lecture”)

dar- + lledu (“to spread, to broaden”) → darlledu (“to broadcast”)

dar- + cludo (“to carry, to transport”) → dargludo (“to conduct (electricity)”)


macro-

From French, from Latin, from Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”).

macronucleus

macrobiotics

macroinstruction

(augmentative) intensely, extremely, or exceptional

macrosociology, macroanatomy, macrobenthos

great in scope or scale, to analyse at a high level, or existing in such a frame of reference

macronutrient, macrodose


macro-

From Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”).


macro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μακρο- (makro-, “long, large”).


juxta-

(non-productive or restricted in use) Near to, alongside, next to.


myo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”).

der

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


разо-

Alternative form of раз- (raz-) (used before certain consonant clusters)


م

From Proto-Semitic. Sometimes thought to be derived from the pronouns present in Arabic مَا (mā), Hebrew מה (mā, “what”), and مَن (man), מי (mī, “who”), so that, for example, مُدَرِّس (mudarris, “teacher”) is originally من يُدَرِّس (man yudarris, “he who teaches”). Compare also Arabic مَكْتُوب (maktūb) versus Hebrew כתוב (kāṯūḇ), both meaning “written”, with prefix in Arabic, but without in Hebrew.

خَبَزَ (ḵabaza, “to bake”) → مَخْبِز (maḵbiz, “bakery”, literally “place of making bread”)

دَرَسَ (darasa, “to study”) → مَدْرَسَة (madrasa, “school”, literally “place of studying”)


م

فَتَحَ (fataḥa, “to open”) → مِفْتَاح (miftāḥ, “key”, literally “instrument for opening”)

وَزَنَ (wazana, “to weigh”) → مِيزَان (mīzān, “scales”, literally “instrument of weighing”)

a prefix used to create instrument nouns


م

دَرَّسَ (darrasa, “to teach”) → مُدَرِّسٌ (mudarrisun, “teacher”)

اِسْتَشْفَى (istašfā, “to seek a cure”) → مُسْتَشْفًى (mustašfan, “hospital”, literally “place where cure is sought”)

verb form II
Appendix:Arabic verbs#Form II

verb form I
Appendix:Arabic verbs#Form I

a prefix that forms part of the pattern for participles from verb form II upwards, as well as all four-root verbs, i. e. all participles that are not from verb form I


sulfa-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of sulfonamides used as antiinfectives.


sulphureo-

(obsolete) Used as a combining form to indicate sulphureous and some other property


chilo-

From Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi, “one thousand”).


ana-

From Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-), from ἀνά (aná, “on, up, above, throughout”). Doublet of on-.

e.g. anafront, anagogy, anaglyph

e.g. anabaptist, anataxis, anastatic

e.g. anagram, anaplasia, anaphase

e.g. analysis, analyte, anatomy

e.g. anachronism, anamodernism, anatoxin

e.g. anacolpate, anaporate, anaseismic

e.g. anagen, anagenesis, anabranch

to grow or change in place; functionally similar


ana-

From English ana-, from Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-), from ἀνά (aná, “on, up, above, throughout”).

e.g. anatomi

e.g. analogi


ana-

ana- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ana- (eclipsis mutation)
hana- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-ana- (mutation prothesis-t)

an-

used before a vowel in Munster; used in all positions in Connacht and Ulster


ana-

ana- (almost always words of Greek origin)

(chemistry) ana- (derived from naphthalene or quinoline)


ana-

anawerpan "to throw upon"

Forming verbs and adjectives from participles and nouns, with various senses of on, upon, to, there, thither.

anagiboran "inborn"

in, into; prefix used to intensify an action or to denote origin or initiation


ana-

Derived from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ- (ana-). Doublet of na-.

ana- + faza → anafaza


ana-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ana-
Old English: an-, on-
Middle English: on-
English: on-, an-, a-
Old Frisian: an-
Saterland Frisian: an-
West Frisian: oan-
Old Saxon: ana-
Middle Low German: ane-
German Low German: an-
Old Dutch: ana-
Middle Dutch:
Dutch: aan-
Old High German: ana-
Middle High German:
German: an-

Old Norse: á-

Icelandic: á-

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰- (ana-)

From pre-Germanic *h₂enh̥́₂-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-).


ana-

Old English: an-, on-

Middle English: on-

English: on-, an-, a-

Old Frisian: an-

Saterland Frisian: an-

West Frisian: oan-

Old Saxon: ana-

Middle Low German: ane-

German Low German: an-

Old Dutch: ana-

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: aan-

Old High German: ana-

Middle High German:

German: an-


ana-

Oscan: ανα- (ana-)

Umbrian: 𐌀𐌍- (an-), an-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná) and Proto-Germanic *an.


peri-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”). Cognate to for via Proto-Indo-European.

der

peri- + meter → perimeter

peri- + helion → perihelion

peri- + apocalyptic → peri-apocalyptic

peri- + natal → perinatal


peri-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péri. Doublet of peri.


peri-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).


peri-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).


salpingo-

From New Latin salpinx (“the salpinx”) + -o-, from Ancient Greek σᾰ́λπῐγξ (sálpinx, “a war-trumpet”).

bor

(anatomy) salpingeal: salpinx: Of or pertaining to a Fallopian tube or a Eustachian tube.

syringo-

also semantically related to tubes of various kinds


cà

Meaningless, occasionally intensifying prefix used in certain nouns and adjectives


cà

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cà.wav


photo-

From the combining form φωτω- (phōtō-) of Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs, “light”).

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation


불

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 孛.
Possibly cognate with Old Japanese 火 (pi₂) (< Proto-Japonic *poy), as well as compounding form 火 (po) and eastern Old Japanese 火 (pu). Compare Middle Korean 븕다〮 (Yale: pùlk-tá, “to be red”, whence modern 붉다 (bukda)), which is believed to be derived from the word at some earlier stage of the language (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 180).
In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 블〮 (Yale: púl).

okm-l

whence modern <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">붉다</i> (bukda)


불

불— (canonical)
bul- (romanization)
不 (hanja)

불(不) (bul) + 가능(可能) (ganeung, “possibility”) → 불가능(不可能) (bulganeung, “impossibility”)

the hanja entry at 不 for Sino-Korean compounds of 불


sin-

From Proto-West Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Indo-European *sem-. Cognate with Old Frisian sin-, Old Saxon sin-, Old High German sin-, Old Norse sí-. Related to Old English sinnan (“to meditate on, care about, heed”).


sin-

From Proto-West Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Indo-European *sem-.


sin-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek, from σύν (sún, “with, in company with, together with”).


sin-

Old English: sin-, sine-

Old Frisian: sin-

Old Saxon: sin-

Old Dutch: sino-

Middle Dutch: sine-, sin-

Dutch: zene-

Old High German: sin-

From Proto-Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Indo-European *sem-.


sin-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sin-
Old English: sin-, sine-
Old Frisian: sin-
Old Saxon: sin-
Old Dutch: sino-
Middle Dutch: sine-, sin-
Dutch: zene-
Old High German: sin-

Old Norse: sí-

Icelandic: sí-, sí

⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (sinteins)


phlebo-

From Ancient Greek φλέψ (phléps, “vein”).


해

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 契 (Yale: hóy).
In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄒᆡ〮 (Yale: hóy).


phyto-

From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).

An automatic list of all pages on Wiktionary starting with phyto


myxo-

From Latin, from Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa, “mucus”).


robo-

From robot (borrowed from Czech and Slovak robota.)


telo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τέλος (télos, “end”). Compare teleo-.


Sino-

From Medieval Latin Sina (“China”) and Late Latin Sīnae (“the Southern Chinese; Southern China”), from Ancient Greek Σῖναι (Sînai), of uncertain etymology but likely from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna, “China”), possibly via Arabic صِين (Ṣīn, “China; the Chinese”) and usually held to ultimately derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”). See "Names of China" on Wikipedia.

der

In the 1970s, Sino-Soviet rivalry also spread to Africa and the Middle East.

He's a Sino-Kadazan: half Han, half Kadazan.

A combining form relating to China or the Chinese, in those terms' various senses.

չին-

Of or relating to China, the Chinese, or Chinese culture (prefix form)


남

남— (canonical)
nam- (romanization)
男 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 男 (“man”), from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nàm).

Coordinate term: 여(女) (yeo-, “woman; female”)

남고딩

(before nouns referring to people) man, male


빗

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 빗 (Yale: pis).

ko-etym-native

빗대다.

a prefix that adds the meaning of slope (in front of some verbs).

빗나가다.

a prefix that adds the meaning of wrong to some verbs.

빗금

a prefix that adds the meaning of slope ( in front of some nouns).


supra-

Learned borrowing from Latin suprā- (“above, over, beyond”).

lbor

Above, over, on top; (anatomy, medicine) superior

(augmentative) Intensely, extremely, or exceptional


supra-

Italian: sopra-

→ English: supra-

→ Italian: supra-


infra-

Internationalism (see English infra-), ultimately from Latin infra.


syl-

Greek συλ-, variant of the Greek prefix σύν (syn); used instead of syn- before an L


stereo-

From Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”).

der

stereophonic

stereopsis, stereoblind

(specifically) Relating to the binocular contribution to three-dimensional vision.

stereo-

stereotype


stereo-

From Ancient Greek στερεο- (stereo-), combining form of στερεός (stereós, “firm, solid”).


stereo-

stereo- + -gnozja → stereognozja


normo-

(chiefly biology) A normal (standard) level of something, as opposed to corresponding terms beginning with hyper- and hypo-.


물

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 믈〮 (Yale: múl), from Old Korean 勿 (*mul), an element that apparently means “water” in ancient first-millennium place names in southern Korea. Ancient northern Korean toponyms tend to use Goguryeo 買 (*me) for “water”, which now only survives in certain words such as 미나리 (minari).
Possible cognate with Proto-Tungusic *mū, Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), Manchu ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke), Mongolian мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Japanese 水 (mizu, “water”).


des-

From Middle English des-, dis-, from Old French des-, from Latin dis-.

Obsolete form of dis-. (reversal of sense of succeeding word)

(organic chemistry) A removal of a group from a molecule.


des-

From Spanish des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

des- + agertu (“to appear”) → desagertu (“to disappear”)

dis-; expresses separation, reversal, or negation.


des-

Inherited from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Doublet of dis-, which was borrowed.

des- + fer (“to do”) → desfer (“to undo”)

indicates the negation of a verb; dis-, un-


des-

Borrowed from English dis-, French dés-, Italian dis-, Spanish des-. Compare dis-, from the same origin. Decision no. 251, Progreso IV.

io-bor

des- + honoro (“honor”) → deshonoro (“dishonor”)

Expresses the opposite of the root word.


des-

French: dé-, dés-


des-

French: dé-, dés-

Norman: dê-, d's-

→ English: des-


des-

From Old Galician-Portuguese des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

des- + ligar (“to turn on”) → desligar (“to turn off”)

un-; de-; dis- (forms verbs indicating the reversal of the prefixed verb)

des- + amor (“love”) → desamor (“disdain”)

un- (forms nouns indicating the lack or opposite of the prefixed noun)


des-

Inherited from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

des- + face (“to do”) → desface (“to undo”)


des-

Inherited from Old Spanish des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Doublet of dis-, which was borrowed.

des- + colgar (“to hang up (a phone)”) → descolgar (“to pick up (a phone)”)


al-

From Middle English al-, from Old English eal-, eall- (“all-”). More at all.

(no longer productive) Alternative form of all-


al-

alwetend


al-

al- + veni (“to come”) → alveni (“to arrive”)

al- + porti (“to carry”) → alporti (“to bring”)

al- + kuri (“to run”) → alkuri (“to run to”)

al- + esti (“to be”) → alesti (“to be present”)

denotes a physical approach in any direction

al- + konduki (“to lead”) → alkonduki (“to bring”)

al- + rigardi (“to look”) → alrigardi (“to look at”)

al- + paroli (“to speak”) → alparoli (“to address”)

denotes the direction or purpose of a movement or physical action

al- + mezuri (“to measure”) → almezuri (“to adjust”)

al- + propra (“own”) → alproprigi (“to assimilate”)

al- + fari (“to do”) → alfari (“to adapt”)

al- + ĝusta (“correct”) → alĝustigi (“to correct”)

al- + doni (“to give”) → aldoni (“to add”)

al- + diri (“to talk”) → aldiri (“to add”)

al- + meti (“to place”) → almeti (“to apply”)


al-

From Proto-Uralic *ëla. Cognates include Finnish ala-.

építmény (“structure”) → alépítmény (“substructure”)

világ (“world”) → alvilág (“underworld”)

elnök (“president”) → alelnök (“vice president”)

vice, deputy (used with a rank of a person in office)


al-

Euphonic alteration of ad-, assimilating the D into the initial L of the word the prefix is applied to. See also ac-, af-, ag-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-.


al-

From Proto-Germanic *ala-, cognate with Old English æl-. The spelling all- is influenced by the adjective allr (“all, whole”).

used as an intensive in front of adjectives and adverbs; very, extremely


te-

Indefinite animate object: someone; somebody; everyone; people.

Indefinite animate possessor: someone's; somebody's.


te-

From Middle Dutch te-, from Old Dutch *ti-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-. Compare German zer-.

tekappen (“to hew into pieces”)

terijten (“to rip apart”)

tesplitsen (“to split into pieces”)

(obsolete, no longer productive) Created verbs with a sense of ‘in pieces, apart, asunder’, or with intensive force.


te-

tedirbie (“let him work”)

teaugie (“let it grow”)


te-

From Old Dutch *ti-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-.

Creates verbs with a sense of ‘in pieces, apart, asunder’, or with intensive force.


te-

From Proto-North Iroquoian *te, ultimately from Proto-Iroquoian *teː.

dualic prefix
with nouns, indicates two of something

dualic prefix
forms superlatives with aonhá’a


te-

From Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-.

tebrekan (“to break apart”)

tebrestan (“to tear up”)

tedēlian (“to separate”)

tefallan (“to decay”)

tefaran (“to decay, to consume”)

tegangan (“to dissolve”)

teglīdan (“to glide away”)

tekīnan (“to dissolve”)

tekliovan (“to tear apart”)

telātan (“to disperse”)

telōsian (“to resolve”)

teskrīdan (“to dissolve”)

teslahan (“to destroy”)

tesprengian (“to smash”)

testōrian (“to destroy”)

testōtan (“to pound”)

teswingan (“to disperse”)

tewerpan (“to disperse, to destroy”)

Creates verbs with a sense of ‘apart, in piece, asunder’, or with intensive force.


te-

Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel e.


노

노— (canonical)
no- (romanization)
老 (hanja)

노(老) (no-) + 부모(父母) (bumo, “parents”) → 노부모(老父母) (nobumo, “one's old parents”)

the hanja entry at 老 for Sino-Korean compounds of 노


ylä-

head

ylä- (comparative ylempi, superlative ylin)

ylempi (comparative)
ylin (superlative)
ylä- (nominative singular)
ylhäällä (singular superessive)
ylhäältä (delative singular)
ylhäälle (singular sublative)
ylös (lative singular)
yleensä (illative singular)
yllä (adessive singular)
yltä (ablative singular)
ylle (allative singular)
yli (prolative singular)
ylitse (prolative singular)
ylen (instructive singular)

ala-

antonym(s) of “upper, superior, high, higher”

From Proto-Finnic *ülä, from Proto-Uralic *wilä, *wülä. Cognate with Erzya вель- (veľ-) in велькс (veľks, “sheet; upside”), вельтямс (veľťams, “to cover”). Some of the inflected forms, like yleensä, ylen and ylös exhibit a variant yle-; this variant goes back to at least Proto-Finnic (Proto-Finnic *üle-).


ylä-

From Proto-Finnic *ülä-. Cognates include Finnish ylä- and Veps ülä-.


pū

From Proto-Polynesian *puqu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun.

(Mangaia) A prefix somewhat equitable to flora


radio-

e.g. radiotherapy, radioactinium, radiolucent

e.g. radiotelemetry, radioacoustics, radiotelegraph

e.g. radiobicipital

radiosymmetrical


radio-

Ultimately from French radio-. Akin to Italian radio- and Spanish radio-.


radio-

radio- + -grafia → radiografia


tòng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 從. Compare Japanese 従 (ju-, “junior ranking for 位”).

cog

junior ranking for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">位</i>

(history) "junior" ranking for phẩm (“courtier rank”), e.g. chánh nhất phẩm (“senior rank 1”), tòng nhất phẩm (“junior rank 1”), chánh nhị phẩm (“senior rank 2”), tòng nhị phẩm (“junior rank 2”), etc.


tái

tái chiếm


pää-

main, head, prime, primary, principal, leading


고

고— (canonical)
go- (romanization)
高 (hanja)

고(高) (go) + 퀄 (kwol, from English quality) → 고퀄 (gokwol, “high-quality”)

고(高) (go) + 혈압(血壓) (hyeorap, “blood pressure”) → 고혈압(高血壓) (gohyeorap, “elevated blood pressure”)


고

고— (canonical)
go- (romanization)
古 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 古 (“old, ancient”).

ko-etym-sino

the hanja entry at 故 for Sino-Korean compounds of 고

고(古) (go) + 서적(書籍) (seojeok, “books and documents”) → 고서적(古書籍) (goseojeok, “premodern books and documents”)


웃-

Of native Korean origin. From 우 (u) + ㅅ (-s-).

웃목

the corner of a heated floor that is farther from the fireplace

(adjectival, adverbial) upper, up-, super-


메

Delabialized from 뫼 (moe, “mountain”). See there for more.


왜

왜— (canonical)
wae- (romanization)
倭 (hanja)

왜간장

brewed soy sauce (literally, “Japanese soy sauce”)

왜된장

miso (literally, “Japanese fermented soybean paste”)


dé-

* Partially inherited from Middle French des-, from Old French des-, from a conflation of Latin dis- (“apart”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwís) and Late Latin dē ex = dē- (“from”) + ex- (“out”); Compare the neological borrowing dis-.
* Partially borrowed from Latin dē- (“from”) in some cases; compare the inherited form de-.

used to make antonyms (similar to English prefixes un-, dis-)


dé-

dé- (mutation mutation-radical)
dhé- (lenition mutation)
ndé- (eclipsis mutation)


لا

From Proto-Semitic *lā. Compare Hebrew לֹא (lo), which, in older texts, is used in the negative imperative and the negative existential indicative.

ar:لا النافية للجنس

لَاسُلْطَوِيّ (lāsulṭawiyy)

لَاسِلْكِيّ (lāsilkiyy)

لَامُبَالَاة (lāmubālāh)

لَافَقَارِيَّات (lāfaqāriyyāt)

لَامَرْكَزِيَّة (lāmarkaziyya)


mì-

mì- (mutation mutation-radical)
mhì- (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish mí- (compare Irish mí-), from Proto-Indo-European *mei- (“to change”). Cognate with English mis-, Latin minus (“lesser”), Ancient Greek μείων (meíōn, “less”).

un-, non-


halo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls, “sea, salt”).


halo-

(chemistry) Forming names of chemical compounds which contain one or more halogen atoms.


halo-

halo- + -gen → halogen


halo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls, “salt”).


ao-

her ______

its ______

third person feminine/neuter singular possessive prefix


socio-

From Latin socius (“associated, allied; partner, companion, ally”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-yo- (“companion”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).

der

So we at this point want to encourage everyone to have principled relationships, and to understand where their relationship fits in terms of socio-impact. We want heterosexuals to understand their privilege in relation to lesbians but not to across the board say we're not going to work with you unless you're a lesbian.

1980 December 27, Lee Swinslow, quoting Krissy Keeler, “Wallflower: Moving With Their Politics”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 23, page 10:


do-

do- + studovat → dostudovat

do- + hořet → dohořet

do- + cestovat → docestovat

do- + dělat → dodělat

do- + vařit → dovařit

do- + kouřit → dokouřit

do- + číst → dočíst

a prefix, usually indicating a destination or a completed action or state


do-

do- (mutation mutation-radical)
dho- (lenition mutation)
ndo- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish do-, du-, from Proto-Celtic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.


do-

From Proto-Celtic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.


do-

do- (mutation mutation-radical)
do- (mutation mutation-nasal)
ndo- (mutation)


do-

do- + mówić → domówić

appended to verbs to indicate completion

do- + sypać → sypać

appended to verbs to indicate addition or furthering a previous process

do- + ić → dojć

appended to verbs to indicate addition or approaching a goal


do-

Inherited from Old Polish do, from Proto-Slavic *do-.

do- + kończyć → dokończyć

do- + lać → dolać

do- + iść → dojść


do-

From Proto-Slavic *do-. Prefixed form of the preposition do.

do- + zídati (“to build”) → dozídati (“to finish building”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

do- + téči (“to run”) → dotéči (“to catch up with”)

do- + líti (“to pour”) → dolíti (“to add by pouring”)


hepato-

From Ancient Greek ἠπᾰτ- (ēpat-), the stem of ἧπᾰρ (hêpar, “liver”); compare hepar.


pneumono-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō
Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn)
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō)influ.
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥
Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)influ.
Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn)bor.
English pneumono-
From Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”).


cardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).

(anatomy) Relating to the cardia of the stomach.


cardio-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).


cardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā, “heart”), through French cardio-.


cardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā, “heart”).

cardio- + vascular → cardiovascular

cardio-; forms words pertaining to the heart


rhino-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós), genitive of ῥίς (rhís, “nose”)


rhino-

→ Persian: رینوـ (rino-)

→ Romanian: rino-

→ Turkish: rino-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós), genitive of ῥίς (rhís, “nose”).


angio-

From Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel, urn, pot”), itself from Ancient Greek ἄγγος (ángos, “vessel”).

uder

vessel; relating to blood vessels, lymph vessels, or both.

verisuoni-

relating to blood vessels or lymph vessels


angio-

(anatomy, medicine) angio- (relating to blood vessels or lymph vessels)


angio-

angio- + -grafia → angiografia


angio-

From Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel, urn”).


ban-

ban- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhan- (lenition mutation)
mban- (eclipsis mutation)

ban- + ab (“abbot”) → ban-ab (“abbess”)

ban- + draíodóir (“magician”) → bandraíodóir (“enchantress”)

ban- + stiúrthóir (“director; conductor”) → banstiúrthóir (“directress, directrix; conductress”)

A prefix appended to words to make a female form, similar to -ette or -ess in English

bain-

used before a slender consonant or vowel


ban-

Middle Irish: ban-

Irish: ban-

Scottish Gaelic: ban-

ban- (mutation mutation-radical)
ban- (mutation mutation-nasal)
mban- (mutation)

From Proto-Celtic *bano-. Related to ben (“woman”).

ban- + éces (“poet”) → banéces (“poetess”)

ban- + airchinnech (“leader, superior”) → banairchinnech (“female leader, superior”)

A prefix appended to words to make a female counterpart, similar to -ette or -ess in English.


ban-

ban- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhan- (lenition mutation)

ban- + actair (“actor”) → ban-actair (“actress”)

ban- + ìmpire (“emperor”) → ban-ìmpire (“empress”)

ban- + prionnsa (“prince”) → bana-phrionnsa (“princess”)

A prefix appended to words to make a female form, similar to -ette or -ess in English.


seismo-

From Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós, “earthquake”).


sino-

Alternative letter-case form of Sino- (“China”).


sino-

From Medieval Latin Sina (“China”), from Latin Sinae (“the Southern Chinese; Southern China”), from Ancient Greek Σῖναι (Sînai), q.v.


sino-

From Medieval Latin Sina (“China”), from Latin Sinae (“the Southern Chinese; Southern China”), from Ancient Greek Σῖναι (Sînai), q.v. Doublet of cino-.


sino-

Relações sino-nipónicas


seana-

seana-ghille

seana-mhaighdeann

seana-chrìonta

A prefix appended to words to signify something old, although the adjective sean is usually used instead of the prefix


pluri-

From Latin pluri-, combining form of plūris, from plūs, from Old Latin *plous, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“many”). Related to plenty, plural (via Latin) and fele, full (via PIE).


재

재— (canonical)
jae- (romanization)
再 (hanja)

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.


megalo-

From Ancient Greek μεγάλος (megálos), further Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas).


megalo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μεγάλος (megálos), from μέγας (mégas).


leas-

Cognate to Welsh llys-, Breton lez-, Manx lhiass-.

leasathair, leasmháthair

leasrí, leasuachtarán

leasainm


iar-

iar- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-iar- (eclipsis mutation)
hiar- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-iar- (mutation prothesis-t)


ἀρχι-

ᾰ̓ρχῐ- (canonical)
arkhi- (romanization)

Greek: αρχι- (archi-)

→ French: archi-

→ Italian: arci-

→ Portuguese: arqui-

→ Russian: архи- (arxi-), арци- (arci-)

→ Romanian: arhi-

→ Spanish: arqui-

→ English: archi-

→ Latin: archi-

→ Dutch: aarts-

→ German: erz-

→ Old English: ærce-

English: arch-

→ Old Norse: erki-

Danish: ærke-

Norwegian: erke-

Swedish: ärke-

Icelandic: erki-

Faroese: erki-

From ἄρχω (árkhō, “begin, rule”) or ἀρχός (arkhós, “leader”).

denotes primary importance or authority.


건

건— (canonical)
geon- (romanization)
乾 (hanja)

건포도(乾葡萄)


참

First attested in the Seokbong cheonjamun (石峰千字文 / 석봉천자문), 1583, as Middle Korean ᄎᆞᆷ (Yale: chom). From Old Korean 眞音 (*CHOm).

ko-etym-native

(Non-productive) Used in words referring to plants or animals that are thought to be a generic or prototypical example, such as 참새 (cham-sae, “sparrow”) (literally "true bird") or 참나무 (cham-namu, “oak tree”) (literally "true tree").


peloro-

Latin Pelorus. Derived from the Greek for ‘monster’.

(sciences) A morpheme term pertaining to monsters, in the popular sense of "something huge".


들

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 드릏〮 (Yale: tùlúh), and subsequently as 듫〯 (Yale: tǔlh), the contracted form.


τηλε-

tele- (relating to communication at a distance, television, telephony, etc)


prae-

(archaic, technical, or pedantic) Alternative form of pre-


prae-

Italian: pre-

Old Occitan:

Catalan: pre-

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: pre-

Portuguese: pre-

Old Spanish:

Spanish: pre-

→ English: pre-

→ French: pré-

→ German: prä-

→ Norwegian: pre-

→ Portuguese: pré-

→ Romanian: pre-

From Proto-Italic *prai-, from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front of”). Related to prae (“before”).

der

indicating very high degree, e.g., praepotens


반

반— (canonical)
ban- (romanization)
半 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 半, from the Middle Korean reading 반〯 (Yale: pǎn).

반자동(半自動) (banjadong, “semiautomatic”)

반세기(半世紀) (bansegi, “half-century”)

the hanja entry at 半 for Sino-Korean compounds of 반


반

반— (canonical)
ban- (romanization)
反 (hanja)

the hanja entry at 反 for Sino-Korean compounds of 반

반비례(反比例) (banbirye, “inverse proportion”)

반정부(反政府) (banjeongbu, “antigovernment”)


복

복— (canonical)
bok- (romanization)
複 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 複, from the Middle Korean reading 복〮 (Yale: pwók).

복수 (複數)
plural number

복굴절 (複屈折)

복모음 (複母音)
diphthong

복소수 (複素數)

the hanja entry at 複 for Sino-Korean compounds of 복


myöhäis-

[ˈmyø̞̯ɦæi̯s̠-]

myöhäisilta

myöhäislatina


calci-

(chemistry) Related to calcium or its compounds.

(pharmacology) Used to form names of vitamin D analogs/derivatives.


täys-

täysistunto


ont-

From Dutch ont-, from Middle Dutch ont-, from Old Dutch ant-, from Proto-Germanic *andi-, *anda-, *and-.

un-, de-; forms verbs meaning to negate, remove or separate.


ont-

From Dutch ont-, from Middle Dutch ont-, from Old Dutch int-, from Proto-Germanic *in-.

Forms inchoative verbs, indicating that a process is beginning.


ont-

From Middle Dutch ont-, from Old Dutch ant-, from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *andi-, *anda-, *and-.


ont-

From Middle Dutch ont-, from Old Dutch int-, from Proto-Germanic *in-.


ont-

Dutch: ont-

From Old Dutch ant-, from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *andi-, *anda-, *and-.


ont-

Dutch: ont-

From Old Dutch int-, from Proto-Germanic *in-.


ot-

From ὠτ- (ōt-), the stem of the Ancient Greek οὖς (oûs, “ear”).


ot-

prefix attached to words relating to the head or heart


ot-

Alternative form of o- (Combining form of ogi (“bread”))


ot-

From Proto-Cariban *ôte-; cognate to Apalaí ot-, Trió ët-, Wayana ët-, Hixkaryana os-, Waiwai et-, Akawaio è-, s-, Macushi es-, Pemon es-, Ye'kwana öt-.

Converts a transitive verb into an intransitive verb with an agent-like argument, variously with reflexive, reciprocal, or passive meaning.


ot-

allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix).


irto-

From *irta, from Proto-Finnic *irta, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Lithuanian irti (“to fall apart, to separate”)).

cog

irtoperuna 5 €/kg


itse-

Levitä itseruskettavaa voidetta iholle.

Spread some self-tanning lotion on the skin.


yli-

yliarvioida

yliluonnollinen

yliaistillinen

Vanhemmat voivat olla ylihuolehtivaisia lastensa suhteen.

Parents can be overly protective of their children.

ylikomisario


yli-

From yli (“over”). Akin to Finnish yli-.


ali-

An unofficial extension of the correlatives, based on the adjective alia (other).

(neologism, nonstandard, proscribed) other-, else- (correlative prefix)


ali-

Probably a truncation of alius (“other”).

some- (turns interrogative pronouns into indefinite pronouns)


eksa-

eksa- + metr → eksametr


anthropo-

/ˌænθɹəˈpɒ-/

/ˌænθɹəpoʊ-/

/ˌænθɹoʊpə-/

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, human”).


anthropo-

From Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human”).


perus-

basic, elemental, elementary, fundamental

basic, rudimentary, normal, typical, average


ympäri-

ympärileikkaus

ympäripurjehdus


kauko-

head

kauko- (comparative kauempi, superlative kauin)

kauempi (comparative)
kauin (superlative)
kauko- (nominative singular)
kaukaa (partitive singular)
kauaa (partitive singular)
kauas (lative singular)
kaukana (essive singular)
kauaksi (singular translative)
kauan (instructive singular)

From the stem *kauka, from Proto-Finnic *kauka-, likely borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-. Alternative theory suggests Proto-Finno-Ugric *kawka, ultimately from the same Indo-European root, but comparisons to possible cognates in other Uralic languages, such as Erzya кувака (kuvaka), have been disputed. Cognate to Estonian kauge and Votic kauka.


liki-

liki- (nominative singular)
liki (lative singular)
likellä (adessive singular)
likeltä (ablative singular)
likelle (allative singular)
likitse (prolative singular)

From Proto-Finnic *liki, from Proto-Finno-Permic *like. Cognates include Estonian ligi, Ingrian liki, Votic litši and Northern Sami lahka.


lähi-

lähi- (comparative lähempi, superlative lähin)

lähempi (comparative)
lähin (superlative)
lähi- (nominative singular)
lähes (lative singular)
lähellä (adessive singular)
läheltä (ablative singular)
lähelle (allative singular)
lähitse (prolative singular)
läsnä (essive singular)
lähekkäin (singular situative)
lähetysten (oppositive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *lähe- (compare Estonian läheda (adjective), Livonian ležgõl (adverb), Livvi ľähekkäh (adverb) and Votic lʹähe (adverb)), from Proto-Uralic *läse (compare Eastern Mari лишне (ĺišńe), Tundra Nenets ет’ (yet’) and possibly Hungarian le-).

lähitulevaisuus


poikki-

poikki- (nominative singular)
pois (lative singular)
poikki (lative singular)
poissa (inessive singular)
poikitse (prolative singular)
poikittain (singular situative)
poikin (instructive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *poikki. Related to Karelian poikki and Votic põittši.


seka-

seka- (nominative singular)
seassa (inessive singular)
seasta (elative singular)
sekaan (illative singular)
sekaisin (distributive temporal)

From Proto-Finnic *seka, possibly from Proto-Uralic *sekä (“inside, interior”), thus "among" (also see seassa) and later "mixed". The word has (presumably original) front vowels in Võro but back vowels elsewhere.


seka-

From Proto-Finnic *sëka. Cognates include Finnish seka- and Estonian sega-.


etä-

etä- (nominative singular)
etäällä (singular superessive)
etäältä (delative singular)
etäälle (singular sublative)
etänä (essive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *etä, possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *ečkä, *ečä. Cognate with Moksha ичкозе (ičkoźe, “far”).

etäoppiminen

etäsukukieli

etäkokous

etätyö

etäopettaja

distant, remote, long-distance, far-off, remote, tele-, e-


ulko-

ulko- (comparative ulompi, superlative uloin)

ulompi (comparative)
uloin (superlative)
ulko- (nominative singular)
ulkoa (partitive singular)
ulos (lative singular)
ulolla (adessive singular)
ulolta (ablative singular)
ulolle (allative singular)
ulkona (essive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *ulko, from Proto-Finno-Permic *ulka. Cognates include Northern Sami olgu, Ume Sami ulks and Komi-Zyrian ылавны (ylavny).

ulkopinta

ulkopuoli

ulkopolitiikka

ulkokiinalainen

overseas (living outside one's own country)

ulkogrilli


sisä-

sisä- (nominative singular)
sisässä (inessive singular)
sisästä (elative singular)
sisään (illative singular)
sisällä (adessive singular)
sisältä (ablative singular)
sisälle (allative singular)
sisäkkäin (singular situative)
sisätysten (oppositive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *sicä, from Proto-Finno-Permic *śićä. Cognate with Moksha сезем (śeźem).

inner, internal, interior, inward; indoor; inland


sisä-

From Proto-Finnic *sicä-. Cognates include Finnish sisä-.


ala-

Derives nouns from verbs, meaning where or when the action takes place.


ala-

From Proto-Finnic *ala, from Proto-Uralic *ëla. Cognate with Finnish ala- and Hungarian alatt.


ala-

ala- (comparative alempi, superlative alin)

alempi (comparative)
alin (superlative)
ala- (nominative singular)
alhaalla (singular superessive)
alhaalta (delative singular)
alhaalle (singular sublative)
alas (lative singular)
alla (adessive singular)
alta (ablative singular)
alle (allative singular)
ali (prolative singular)
alitse (prolative singular)
allekkain (singular situative)
alakkain (singular situative)
alatusten (oppositive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *ala, from Proto-Uralic *ëla. Cognate with Estonian ala-, Erzya ало (alo) and Hungarian alatt.


ala-

From Proto-Finnic *ala, from Proto-Uralic *ëla. Akin to Finnish ala- and Estonian ala-.


ala-

alahwīt

alajung

alaefni


ala-

Proto-West Germanic: *ala-

desctree

Old English: æl-, eal-, eall-, al-
Middle English: all-, al-
English: all-, al-
Scots: a'-, aw- au-

Old Norse: al-


vasta-

vasta- (nominative singular)
vastassa (inessive singular)
vastaan (illative singular)
vastakkain (singular situative)
vastatusten (oppositive singular)
vasten (instructive singular)
vastoin (instructive plural)

[ˈʋɑ̝s̠tɑ̝-]

From Proto-Finnic *vasta, from Proto-Finno-Permic *wasta (“a place opposite or across”). Related to Estonian vast, Karelian vasta, Livonian vastõ, Livvi vastah, Veps vast, Võro vasta, Votic vassõ, Northern Sami vuostá (“towards, against”), Erzya васта (vasta, “spouse”), вастомс (vastoms, “to meet”), Moksha васта (vasta, “spot, place”) and probably Eastern Mari ваштареш (vaštareš, “against”).

cog

counter-, anti- (expressing opposition or contrast)

new-, freshly, just, recently (expressing that something took place recently)


vasta-

From Proto-Finnic *vasta-. Cognates include Finnish vasta-.


ik-

let him/her/it/them...

Chipotaat ikanompoli'!

the 3rd-person subject of a hortative verb

he/she/it doesn't, they don't...

Chihollo.

Ikchihollo.

He/She/It doesn't love you. They don't love you.

Hilha.

Ikhi'lho.

he/she/it isn't, they aren't...

Chichokma.

Ikchichokmo.

used as part of the negation of stative verbs


ik-

-li (before-consonant before-s before-vowel first-person singular)
sa- (before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person singular)
si- (before-back-vowel first-person singular)
a̱- (before-consonant first-person singular)
am- (before-vowel first-person singular)
ak- (before-consonant before-vowel first-person singular)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative singular)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative singular)
-li (before-consonant before-s before-vowel first-person medial singular)
sa- (before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person medial singular)
si- (before-back-vowel first-person medial singular)
-sa- (before-consonant first-person medial singular)
-sam- (before-vowel first-person medial singular)
ak- (before-consonant before-vowel first-person medial singular)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative medial singular)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative medial singular)
ī- (before-consonant before-s first-person paucal)
il- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
pi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person paucal)
pi̱- (before-consonant first-person paucal)
pim- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
kī- (before-consonant first-person paucal)
kil- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative paucal)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative paucal)
ī- (before-consonant before-s first-person plural)
il- (before-vowel first-person plural)
hapi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person plural)
hapi̱- (before-consonant first-person plural)
hapim- (before-vowel first-person plural)
kī- (before-consonant first-person plural)
kil- (before-vowel first-person plural)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative plural)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative plural)
is- (before-s second-person singular)
ish- (before-consonant before-vowel second-person singular)
chi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel second-person singular)
chi̱- (before-consonant second-person singular)
chim- (before-vowel second-person singular)
chik- (before-consonant before-vowel second-person singular)
has- (before-s plural second-person)
hash- (before-consonant before-vowel plural second-person)
hachi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel plural second-person)
hachi̱- (before-consonant plural second-person)
hachim- (before-vowel plural second-person)
hachik- (before-consonant before-vowel plural second-person)
ho- (before-consonant imperative plural second-person)
oh- (before-vowel imperative plural second-person)
i̱- (before-consonant third-person)
im- (before-vowel third-person)
ik- (before-consonant before-vowel third-person)

let him, let her, let it, let them

he doesn't, she doesn't, it doesn't, they don't

the subject of a negative active transitive verb

the subject of a negative active intransitive verb

Sahohchafoh

Iksahohchafoh

used as part of the negation of stative intransitive verbs

sokko (“thick”) → iksokko (“thin”)


nyky-

From Proto-Finnic *nükü, from Proto-Finno-Permic *nikɜ, *nükɜ. Also related to nyt (“now”), Erzya ней (ńej, “now”) and Komi-Zyrian нин (ńin, “already”).


nyky-

From Proto-Finnic *nükü-. Cognates include Finnish nyky-.


työläis-

[ˈt̪yø̞̯læi̯s̠-]

työläisarmeija

työläiskaupunginosa

working-class area, working-class neighborhood

työläiskortteli

Combining form of työläinen (“worker”); workers'


תלת

head

תְּלַת • (t'lát-)

תְּלַת (canonical)
t'lát- (romanization)

From Aramaic תלת, which is cognate with Hebrew שָׁלוֹשׁ (shalósh, “three”).

אופן (ofán, “wheel”) → תלת אופן (t'lat-ofán, “three-wheeler, tricycle”)

קומה (komá, “story, floor”) → תלת קומתי (t'lat-komatí, “three-story”)

ממד (memád, “dimension”) → תלת ממד (t'lat-memád, “three-dimensional”)


חד

he-prefix

חַד • (ẖad-)

From Aramaic חד above, which is cognate with Hebrew אֶחָד (eẖád, “one”).

משמעות (mashma'út, “meaning”) → חד משמעי (ẖad-mashma'í, “unambiguous”)

הורה (horé, “parent”) → חד הורי (ẖad-horí, “single-parent”)

פעם (pá'am, “time, instance”) → חד פעמי (ẖad-p'amí, “one-time, single-use, disposable”)

צד (tzad, “side”) → חד צדדי (ẖad-tzdadí, “one-sided, unilateral”)


bronch-

(medicine) bronchus, relating to the trachea, or airways to the lungs.


피

피— (canonical)
pi- (romanization)
被 (hanja)

피실험자 (被實驗者)

피지배국 (被支配國)

-ed, -ee (marks the passive recipient of an action)

the hanja entry at 被 for Sino-Korean compounds of 피


부

부— (canonical)
bu- (romanization)
不 (hanja)


polydeoxyribo-

Used to form various polymers of deoxyribonucleotides and their derivatives


polydeoxy-

various polymers of deoxynucleotides and their derivatives


polymorpho-

(chiefly medicine, physiology) polymorphous


omphalo-

From international scientific vocabulary, from a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalós, “navel”); compare also the synonymous prefix at umbilico- § Etymology; as explained at ὀμφαλός § Etymology, all of these words are cognates ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root.


polyribo-

Forming the names of polyribonucleotides and derived words


ensi-

See ensi. The variant enta- is found in some derivations; this variation goes back to Proto-Finnic (*enta).


ensi-

From Proto-Finnic *enci-. Cognate with Finnish ensi-.


독

독— (canonical)
dok- (romanization)
獨 (hanja)

독(獨) (dok) + 무대(舞臺) (mudae, “stage”) → 독무대(獨舞臺) (dongmudae, “having the stage to oneself”)

the hanja entry at 獨 for Sino-Korean compounds of 독


procto-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek πρωκτός (prōktós, “anus”).

Dealing with the rectum and anus; anorectal; sometimes also the distal colon.


holo-

half- hemi-

(antonym(s) of “whole”): demi-, semi-; antonym(s) of “half”

From Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”).


holo-

Derived from Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos).

holo- + -grafia → holografia


gyn-

cyn- (mutation mutation-radical)
gyn- (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyn- (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyn- (mutation mutation-aspirate)


gyno-

From Ancient Greek γυνή (gunḗ, “woman, female”).

derived

Of or pertaining to the female reproductive system.


بی

بی تو نیرم


vara-

varakengät

vararengas

varasuunnitelma

varaventtiili

varalaskupaikka

extra, spare, contingency, safety, emergency, backup, reserve, standby

varapresidentti

varajäsen

varakuvernööri

varaprofessori

varapuolustaja

vice, deputy, lieutenant, assistant, (sports) substitute, second-string


vara-

signifies being spare, extra or of or pertaining to an emergency

varamaður

an alternate, a deputy, a substitute, a stand-in

varasjóður

reserve fund, segregated reserve, reserve

Category of Icelandic terms prefixed with vara-


보리

First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 보리 (Yale: pwòlì). Cho Hang-bum believes that the prefix is from a reference to barley as an inferior or an "approximate" rice.

ko-etym-native

(archaic) an imperfect attempt at (something)

보리동갑


ed-

From Middle English ed-, from Old English ed- (“again, re-”), from Proto-West Germanic *id-, from Proto-Germanic *idi-, *idi, *ida (“back, backwards, again”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Cognate with Dutch et-, German dialectal it- (“again, back”), Icelandic ið- (“again, back”), Gothic 𐌹𐌳- (id-, “again, back”), Welsh ad-, Welsh ed- (“again, back”), Latin et (“and”), Latin at (“but, moreover”).

eddish, eddy, edgrow, edgrowth, ednew, edquicken

(obsolete, no longer productive) A prefix of Old English origin meaning "again", "back", "anew", equivalent to re-.


ed-

Middle English: ed-

English: ed-

From Proto-West Germanic *id-, from Proto-Germanic *idi- (“back, backwards, again”). Akin to Old Saxon idug-, Old High German id-, ida-, dialectal German it-, Old Norse ið-, Gothic 𐌹𐌳- (id-).


ed-

From Proto-West Germanic *id-, from Proto-Germanic *idi- (“back, backwards, again”). Related to idug-.

edwindan "to hurl, precipitate"

forming words with sense of "against", "backwards"


ἀν-

From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by laryngeal and a vowel: that is, in an open syllable of the n̥HV- form.

Alternative form of ἀ- (a-) used before a vowel.


ἀ-

> Greek: α- (a-) (inherited)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: a-

Pontic Greek: α- (a-)

→ Laz: ა- -ე (a- -e)

From Proto-Hellenic *ə-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. The form ἀν- (an-) appears when followed by a laryngeal and a vowel: that is, in an open syllable of the n̥HV- form. Akin to νη- (nē-), νᾱ- (nā-) and νω- (nō-), which are closed-syllable reflexes of the n̥h₁C-, n̥h₂C-, n̥h₃C- forms, respectively.
Cognate with Old English and English un-, Latin in-, Sanskrit अ- (a-), Old Irish in-, an-, Armenian ան- (an-), and Albanian e-.

alpha privativum
alpha privativum#English

The alpha privativum, used to make words that have a sense opposite to the word (or stem) to which the prefix is attached. It is also known as privative a and alpha privative; a-, ab-, an-, anti-, contra-, de-, dis-, ex-, il-, im-, in-, ob-, ne-, non-, not, un-

νω- — before a Proto-Indo-European laryngeal and consonant


ἀ-

The alpha intensivum, used to strengthen the force of compounds.


ἀ-

alpha euphonicum
alpha euphonicum#English

The alpha euphonicum, used to soften pronunciation before two consonants.


로

로— (canonical)
ro- (romanization)
老 (hanja)

North Korea standard form of 노(老) (no-, “old; aged”).


윗-

Of native Korean origin. From 위 (wi, “up”) + ㅅ (-s-, genitive suffix).


スーパー

ja-pos

スーパー • (sūpā-)

From English super, super-, from Latin super, super- (literally “over, over-”).


급

급— (canonical)
geup- (romanization)
急 (hanja)

the hanja entry at 急 for Sino-Korean compounds of 급


tachy-

From Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “swift”).


tachy-

From Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “rapid”).


δι-

Alternative form of δῐᾰ- (dia-), before a vowel.


δι-

δι- (canonical)
δί- (canonical)
di- (romanization)
dí- (romanization)

δις δις#Greek

Alternative form of δισ- (dis-) from δις (dis, “twice, having two of, etc.”)

δισ-

διά διά#Greek

Alternative form of δια- (dia-) from διά (diá)


tân

Tân Dòng sông ly biệt

Romance in the Rain (literally, “New River of Farewell”)

Tân Thiết quyền tiểu tử

used in the titles of modern serialized East Asian works of fiction to mean "this series is a reboot/remake/reimagining, or it tells a brand new story arc"


matr-

matronym


patr-

patronym


ori-

oricând

oricine

oriunde

oricum

oricât

oricare

prefixed to question words, meaning "any"


សហ

From Pali saha or Sanskrit सह (saha, “together with, in concert, conjointly, in common”).

bor

(in words of Indic origin) united, together, in conjunction with, accompanied by, unity, community, commonality


brepho-

From Ancient Greek βρέφος (bréphos, “baby”).

Symptoms appeared, during last winter, of the Brephomania or Fever of Rejuvenescence which took possession of many persons of both sexes, well on towards their grand climacteric.

a. 1835, “Moral Epidemics” (essay), in The Cabinet: A Series of Essays Moral and Literary, Volume I, Bell & Bradfute (1835), page 233

The Doctor and I do not wish it to be understood by this that we are advocates for the resumption of brephophagy in our own country […]

1875, Edward Rae, The Land of the North Wind, J Murray, page 266:


راج

راجـ (canonical)
rāj- (romanization)
-राज (Hindi)

From Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, sovereign, prince”).

uder

راجکر راجکر#Urdu

راجدوت راجدوت#Urdu

راجبھاشا راجبھاشا#Urdu

راجنیتی راجنیتی#Urdu

A prefix which forms a large number of compound words and carries an adjectival meaning of the king or of the state (e.g., راجکر (rāj-kar) royal tribute, tax, راجدوت (rāj-dūt) royal emissary, ambassador, راجبھاشا (rāj-bhāṣā) national language, راجنیتی (rāj-nīti) politics), etc.


ventri-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin venter (“stomach”).

abdomino-

largely synonymous although sometimes coordinate in usage, under the bipedal/nonbipedal distinction


mikkihiiri-

mikkihiiriraha


viher-

Shortened from viherä, older form of the adjective vihreä (“green”).


agri-

Originally from Latin ager, agrī (“field”), re-inforced by English agriculture (itself deriving from the original Latin root). Doublet of acre.


dermo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma, “skin”); compare dermis § Etymology.

dermal: dermis, but also often, broadly, skin or epidermis.


dermo-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέρμο- (dérmo-).

lbor

dermo- + -graf → dermograf


중

중— (canonical)
jung- (romanization)
重 (hanja)

the hanja entry at 重 for Sino-Korean compounds of 중

중(重) (jung) + 공업(工業) (gong'eop, “industry”) → 중공업(重工業) (junggong'eop, “heavy industry”)

중(重) (jung) + 환자(患者) (hwanja, “patient”) → 중환자(重患者) (junghwanja, “critical patient”)


명

명— (canonical)
myeong- (romanization)
名 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 名, from the Middle Korean reading 며ᇰ (Yale: myèng).

명배우 (名俳優)

명탐정 (名探偵)

the hanja entry at 名 for Sino-Korean compounds of 명


no-

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'from'.


no-

From Old Irish no-, from Proto-Indo-European *nū, cognate with Sanskrit नु (nu, “now”) and Hittite 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”).

Used to support prototonic verb forms where no deuterotonic forms exist (imperfect, past subjunctive, conditional) and to support infixed object pronouns, including the relative pronoun that has no form except for a mutation on the following consonant


no-

From Proto-Indo-European *nū, cognate with Sanskrit नु (nu, “now”) and Hittite 𒉡 (nu, “now, and”).

Má nudub·feil i n‑ellug coirp Críst, adib cland Abrache amal ṡodin, et it sib ata chomarpi Abracham.

If you pl are in the union of the body of Christ, you are Abraham’s children in that case, and it is you who are Abraham’s heirs.

Is hed inso no·guidimm.

Is airi am cimbid-se hóre no·pridchim in rúin sin.

It is for that reason that I am a captive, because I preach that mystery.


no-

Inherited from Chagatai ناـ, from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

no- + tamom (“complete, perfect”) → notamom (“incomplete, imperfect”)

no- + umid (“hope”) → noumid (“hopeless”)


ó-

From Old Norse ó-, ú-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). In Faroese this changed very early from ú- to ó-.
Cognate with Old English un- (English un-), Old Saxon un-, Dutch on-, Old High German un- (German un-), Swedish o-, Norwegian u, and Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), ἀν- (an-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.


ó-

From Old Norse ó-, ú-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). In Icelandic this changed very early from ú- to ó-.
Cognate with Old English un- (English un-), Old Saxon un-, Dutch on-, Old High German un- (German un-), Swedish o-, Norwegian u, and Gothic 𐌿𐌽- (un-). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), ἀν- (an-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.

ó- + friður (“peace”) → ófriður (“war”)

ó- + heppni (“luck”) → óheppni (“bad luck”)

ó- + þekkur (“well-behaved”) → óþekkur (“naughty”)

ó- + happ (“a stroke of luck”) → óhapp (“accident”)

ó- + samlína (“collinear”) → ósamlína (“noncollinear”)


onto-

from Ancient Greek ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “I am”).


onto-

onto- + -logia → ontologia


sur-

From Middle English sur-, from Old French sur-, sour-, sor-, soure-, a syncopic form of the Latin super. Doublet of super-, over-, and hyper-.

surreach, surrebutter, surreine, surreined, surrejoinder, surreply, surreverently, surroyal

(not currently productive) A syncopic variant of super-.


sur-

Inherited from Old French sur-, sour-, from syncopation of Latin super-. Doublet of super-.

over- (excessive; excessively; too much)


sur-

English: sur-

Borrowed from Old French sur-, from Latin super-. Compare over-.


sur-

French: sur-

desctree

→ Middle English: sur-, ser-, sewr-, sor-, sour-, sure-, syr-
English: sur-

→ Italian: sor-


תת

head

תַּת • (tat)


da-

Coordinate term: d- (deci-)

(SI prefix, metrology) deca- (“×10¹”); Alternative form of dk- (“deka-”)


da-

Thematic prefix, referring to death.
► Navajo verbs with disjunct prefix da-.

bidziil ― he is / they two are strong

dabidziil ― they (three or more) are strong

kin áshłaa

Distributive plural marker, indicating that three or more subjects, objects or events are involved individually in the action denoted by the verb. In addition to verbs, it may also pluralize nouns, pronouns or postpositions. This prefix marks the boundary between disjunct (outer) and conjunct (inner) prefixes.


da-

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


da-

Danit'ada?


llys-

llys- (mutation mutation-radical)
lys- (mutation mutation-soft)

Perhaps from the same root as lled (“part, partially”) and lled- (“part, partially”) or possibly lled (“challenge to a witness”). Cognate with Cornish les-.

llys- + merch (“daughter”) → llysferch (“stepdaughter”)

llys- + tad (“father”) → llystad (“stepfather, stepdad”)

llys- + enw (“name”) → llysenw (“nickname”)

llys- + perl (“pearl”) → llysberl (“false pearl”)


υπο-

ύφ-

before vowels which used to have a rough breathing

υπο- (ypo-) + σαχάριος (sachários, “Saharan”) → υποσαχάριος (yposachários, “sub-Saharan”)

υπο- (ypo-) + στιγμή (stigmí, “point”) → υποστιγμή (ypostigmí, “comma”, literally “lower point”)

indicating a lower or downward position or movement


all-

From Middle English all- (also al-), from Old English eall-, eal- (“all-”). Cognate with Dutch al-, German all-, Swedish all-. More at all.

all- + knowing → all-knowing

all- + loving → all-loving

all- + seeing → all-seeing

all- + powerful → all-powerful

all- + important → all-important

Indicates complete power or authority in an area.

vše-

to indicate complete power or authority in an area

all- + around → all-around

all- + over → all-over

all- + India → all-India = union-level scope

all- + Union → all-Union = union-level scope

Indicates that a term applies in a general manner.

vše-

to indicate that a term applies in a general manner


all-

located beneath, at the bottom, nether, sub-


all-

allgóður

contemporary meaning, synonym sæmilegur; decent

allvel

contemporary meaning, synonym þolanlega, sæmilega; reasonably

enginn er allheimskur ef þegja má

no one is completely stupid if they can hold their silence; see silence is golden

Ekki allfáir viðskiptavinir.


all-

From Proto-Germanic *ala-, spelling due to influence of allr (“all”).


all-

all- (mutation mutation-radical)
hall- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Celtic *alyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos. Cognate with Old English el-, Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos).

all- + morio (“to travel by sea”) → allforio (“to export”)

all- + plyg (“folded”) → allblyg (“extrovert”)

all- + pwn (“load, burden”) → allbwn (“output”)

all- + tud (“people, nation”) → alltud (“stranger; exile”)

all- + ffôn (“phone”) → allffon (“allophone”)


ipsi-

From Ancient Greek ὕψι (húpsi, “on high”).


tizen-

tizen- + hat (“six”) → tizenhat (“sixteen”)


אַר־

אַר־ • (ar-)


gegn-

Middle English: ȝeyn-, gayn-, gain-

English: gain-

From Proto-West Germanic *gagin, from Proto-Germanic *gagin (“back, in return”). Compare Old Norse gegn.

inh

gēanryne

gēanþingian

ġeġncwide


có

vi-prefix

[固]], 古, 故, 𣎏. Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.">có

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-có.wav

From Proto-Vietic *kɔːʔ (“to have”). Cognate with Muong cỏ.

Mày không biết phải không?
Tao có biết!
You don't know, do you?
I do know, okay?

Em bị mất vở! Em có làm bài thầy ơi!

I lost my workbook! I swear I did the assignment!

(before verbs, for emphasis or intensification) do; does

Bạn có biết chúng ta chỉ sử dụng 10% não bộ?
Có, và đó là chuyện nhảm nhí.
Did you know we only use 10% of our brain?
Yes, and that's utter nonsense.

Anh có định đi chơi đâu không?

(before verbs, in questions (generally ending in không), not before có itself) do


παρα-

→ English: para-

Greek: παρα- (para-)


παρα-

expressing: proximity, position or movement

expressing: opposition, contravention, difference


porta-

(biology, medicine) Alternative form of porto- (“portal vein”)


maalais-

[ˈmɑ̝ːlɑ̝i̯s̠-]

Combining form of maalainen (“rural, rustic”)


her-

From southern Middle Dutch her- (“re-, again”). Of uncertain origin, but mostly considered a borrowing from Old French re- or specifically its northern variant er-, from Latin re-. In certain contexts this prefix touched on the native Middle Dutch her- (“here, over”) as in hercōmen (“come over”); see German her- below. Compare the attested phrase wēder herhebben (“to get back”), where her- can be interpreted in both ways. The h-spelling was also reinforced by hypercorrection due to the phoneme's frailness in southern dialects. In some cases this also affected the unrelated prefixes er-, oor-, which see.

her- + laden (“to load”) → herladen (“to reload”)


her-

(stressed) Separable verbal prefix that indicates a movement towards the speaker.

(unstressed) Adverbial prefix that indicates a movement towards the speaker.


cleido-

From Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “a key; the collarbone”) + -o-.

af

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the clavicle.


under-

From Middle English under-, from Old English under-, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”) and *n̥tér (“inside”). For more, see under.

թեր-

under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently

e.g. underground, underneath, underpass

e.g. understand, undergo, underbear, undertake

(figurative) To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path

e.g. underadditive, underage, underbound

e.g. underapply, underbill, underawe

Deficient, below what is correct, insufficient

e.g. undersecretary, underling, underclass


under-

From Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *nter- (“between, among”), akin to Old English under (“under, beneath”), Old High German untar (“between, among”), Latin inter (“between, among”). More at inter-.

cog

understandan

to understand (originally 'to stand between', 'be near to both sides')

underscēotan


under-

From Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *ndhero- (“lower”), akin to Old English under (“between, among, in the presence of”), Old High German untar (“under”), Latin infra (“below, beneath”).

underling


야

야— (canonical)
ya- (romanization)
冶 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 冶 (“(of a woman's look) seductive”).

ko-etym-sino

야 (ya) + 짤 (jjal, “(Internet slang) pic, photo”) → 야짤 (yajjal, “porn photo”)

야 (ya) + 겜 (gem, “(Internet slang) video game”) → 야겜 (yagem, “porn game”)

the hanja entry at 冶 for Sino-Korean compounds of 야


elektro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber”).


elektro-

→ Indonesian: elektro

Ultimately from Latin electrum (“amber; electrum”), from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber; electrum”).


elektro-

Internationalism (see English electro-), ultimately from Latin electrum.


elektro-

From Latin electrum, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber”) (a natural resin, which - when rubbed - produces static electricity).


elektro-

elektro- + narzędzie → elektronarzędzie


trito-

From Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos, “third (of three or more)”).


mikro-

mikro- + procesor → mikroprocesor

mikro- + metr → mikrometr


mikro-

Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós).


mikro-

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”).


mikro-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μικρο- (mikro-).


eko-

eko- + -logia → ekologia


eko-

ekolog, ekosystem

ekobrott


xéno-

From Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “foreign, of a stranger”).


démo-

From Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “people”).


αρχι-

From Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-), from Ancient Greek ἄρχω (árkhō, “to lead”).

αρχι- (archi-) + επίσκοπος (epískopos, “bishop”) → αρχιεπίσκοπος (archiepískopos, “archbishop”)

αρχι- (archi-) + μάνδρα (mándra, “sheepfold, sheep pen - ecclesiastical 'flock' sense”) → αρχιμανδρίτης (archimandrítis, “archimandrite, dean”)

αρχι- (archi-) + διάκονος (diákonos, “deacon”) → αρχιδιάκονος (archidiákonos, “archdeacon”)

αρχι- (archi-) + στρατηγός (stratigós, “general”) → αρχιστράτηγος (archistrátigos, “generalissimo”)

αρχι- (archi-) + μουσικός (mousikós, “musician”) → αρχιμουσικός (archimousikós, “conductor, maestro”)

added before a noun to create words that indicate first rank, primacy or leadership; arch-:

αρχι- (archi-) + μήνας (mínas, “month”) → αρχιμηνιά (archiminiá, “calends”)

αρχι- (archi-) + χρονιά (chroniá, “year”) → αρχιχρονιά (archichroniá, “New Year's Day”)

added before a noun to create words that indicate the start or beginning:

αρχι- (archi-) + τεχνίτης (technítis, “craftsman”) → αρχιτεχνίτης (architechnítis, “master craftsman”)

added before a noun to create words that indicate mastery or skillful performance; arch-:

αρχι- (archi-) + ψεύτης (pséftis, “liar”) → αρχιψεύτης (archipséftis, “big liar”)

αρχι- (archi-) + τεμπέλης (tempélis, “lazy”) → αρχιτεμπέλης (architempélis, “very lazy”)

αρχι- (archi-) + μαλάκας (malákas, “asshole, wanker”) → αρχιμαλάκας (archimalákas, “big asshole”)

added before a noun to create words that indicate great intensity or high degree:


aðal-

Inherited from Old Norse aðall, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *aþalaz. Related to Icelandic aðall (“nobility”).

aðal- + áhrif (“effect”) ⇒ aðaláhrif (“main effect”)

aðal- + bygging (“building”) ⇒ aðalbygging (“main building”)

aðal- + áhugamál (“interest, field of interest; hobbyhorse; hobby”) ⇒ aðaláhugamál (“main interest”)

aðal- + fag (“subject; field of subject”) ⇒ aðalfag (“major”)


kryo-

Internationalism (see English cryo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos).


haplo-

Combining form from Ancient Greek ἁπλόος (haplóos, “single, simple”).

haplodepletion, haplodiploid, haplosis

(genetics) Haploid: having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

haplography is misspelling a word by omitting a repeated letter (e.g. mispell) is the omission of a repeated syllable, haplology; a haplosegment is a segment of a millipede body that has half as many legs as the diplosegment parts of the body.

Un-duplicating: where there was two identical copies, deleting the redundant copy. Analogy to haploid in genetics.

haploceratid, haplodont, haplostele

haploscope, haploid, haplometrosis

haploperox, haploxeralf, haploxeroll

(soil science) Haplic: soil that is typical of its kind.


haplo-

haplo- + faza → haplofaza


пра-

пра- (pra-) + дзед (dzjed, “grandfather”) → прадзед (pradzjed, “great-grandfather”)

пра- (pra-) + славянскі (slavjanski, “Slavic”) → праславянскі (praslavjanski, “Proto-Slavic”)