zvi-

From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


alt.

For the "prefix", the alt.* hierarchy was one of the largest sections of the online discussion system Usenet. In contrast to the "mainstream" hierarchies, such as comp.* which related specifically to computing, alt.* was the "alternative" hierarchy where opinions were shared on a wide range of miscellaneous subjects.

You've got your own newsgroup, alt.total-loser.

1999, "Weird Al" Yankovic (lyrics and music), “It's All About the Pentiums”, in Sean Combs (music), Running with Scissors:

I was trying to say...Danny boy left the room during your hat sentence. He's gone back to alt.elitist.impatient-arrogant-farts-with-nsoh

1999 December 21, Christiana, “Scripts available anywhere?”, in alt.fan.eddie-izzard (Usenet):

If you're only interested in a socialist love-in, perhaps you should go to alt.bliss.ninnies?

2001 October 15, Rev. J. Thaddius, “The War Against Dissent (Simon Haupt)”, in alt.anarchism (Usenet):

Indicates a newsgroup, as used in fictional or hypothetical newsgroup names.


liɬ-

bək̓ʷ čələp ɬəliɬʔatxʷ

You folks will have all (that) with you.

by what route; located where; by what means.


gʷ-

if, maybe, might (inflectional subjunctive prefix expressing doubt or events contrary to fact)


bə-

bəʔaʔitəb sixʷ

additional, another (of nouns)

inflectional additive prefix appearing on any lexical category functioning as predicate or complement


алко-

Abbreviation of алкого́ль (alkogólʹ, “alcohol”).


алко-

Abbreviation of алкого́ль (alkohólʹ, “alcohol”).


tsean-

Lenited form of sean- (after an and, in some dialects, after any l or n).


ʔac-

denotes the center, typically of something round or enveloping (always bound to a lexical suffix)


αὐτο-

Greek: αυτο- (afto-)

→ English: auto-

From αὐτός (autós, “himself/herself/oneself”).


ʔadᶻq-

lexical prefix referring to the action of meeting


nam-

dam- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddam- (mutation mutation-soft)
nam- (mutation mutation-nasal)


ddym-

dym- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddym- (mutation mutation-soft)
nym- (mutation mutation-nasal)


dym-

Proto-Celtic *do-ambi-, from *do- + *ambi-, equivalent to dy- (“to, together”) + am- (“around”).

dym- + chwêl (“turn”) → dymchwel (“to overturn, to overthrow, to demolish”)

dym- + uno (“to wish, to desire”) → dymuno (“to wish”)


καλλί-

κᾰλλί- (canonical)
kallí- (romanization)


καλλι-

κᾰλλῐ- (canonical)
kalli- (romanization)

Referring to the beauty of the attached word root.


espondilo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σπόνδυλος (spóndulos, “vertebra”).


espondilo-

From Ancient Greek σπόνδυλος (spóndulos, “vertebra”).


thë-

Cognate with Munsee thíi- (“cold”), Malecite-Passamaquoddy tki- (“cold”), Penobscot tkə̀- (“cold”), Ojibwe dak- (“cold”)


immun-

immuno- (relating to the immune systems and processes in a living organism)


អគ្គ

km-prefix

អគ្គ • (ʼakkĕəʼ)

ឯកអគ្គ

first, foremost, best, topmost, chief; older; upper; of high rank, noble, supreme


ゆるふわ

[jɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɸɯ̟β̞a̠]

2013-08-13, “晴れのちメアリージェーンにて”, はりー (lyrics):

わたしのアイドル ア◯シのジュンと 炭酸草食系ゆるふわの
何だったけ誰だったけ まぁいいや 足して割ったような イケメン発見

watashi no aidoru A◯shi no Jun to tanso sōshokukei yurufuwa no
nan datta ke dare datta ke mā ii ya tashite watta yō na ikemen hakken

soft and gentle, typically in a feminine way


wó-

wó- + awáčhiŋ (“to think about something”) → wóawačhiŋ (“a thought, plan, idea”)

wó- + olé (“to look for something”) → wóle (“to look for things”)

most verbs beginning with o contract wa- into wó


ἐξ-

Alternative form of ἐκ- (ek-) (used before vowels) = Combining form of ἐξ (ex)


uudis-

uusi (“new”) + -is(e)-; mostly through literary use.


annulo-

(anatomy, medicine) Relating to an annulus (ring).


annulo-

Classical compound in New Latin, from annulus.


ran-

A prefix, conveying a movement towards something.


ʔəs-

condition or state exists (verbal inflectional prefix of stative aspect)


ʔəsgʷə-

compound prefix consisting of ʔəs- and gʷ-


ʔəxʷ-

compound prefix consisting of ʔəs- and dxʷ-


ʔəxʷs-

compound prefix consisting of ʔəs-dxʷ-s-


mbo-

mbohéra


mbo-

Forms factitive verbs from nouns and adjectives


sèk-

From Proto-Algonquian *axkw (“so far, to completion”).

inh

certain length, certain distance, certain height, to completion


tetrakaideka-

From Ancient Greek τεσσᾰρεσκαίδεκᾰ (tessareskaídeka, “fourteen”), from τέσσᾰρες (téssares, “four”) + καί (kaí, “and”) + δέκᾰ (déka, “ten”).

bor

τεσσᾰρεσκαίδεκᾰ


rajta-

csíp (“to pinch”) → rajtacsíp (“to catch [red-handed]”)

felejt (“to forget”) → rajtafelejt (“to leave something on [e.g. the cooker] out of forgetfulness”)

kap (“to grab, to catch”) → rajtakap (“to catch [red-handed]”)

üt (“to hit”) → rajtaüt (“to ambush, to raid”)

veszt (“to lose”) → rajtaveszt (“to come to grief, to come off badly”)

the other compounds below are mostly uncommon today

(verbal prefix, rare) on it (often figuratively)


pytte-

From pytt (small boy), compare putte with the same meaning. As for the prefixal usage, compare jätte-.

pytte- + liten (“small”) → pytteliten (“teeny, weeny”)

pytte- + mun (“mouth”) → pyttemun (“tiny mouth”)


𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂-

(spatial) before, forth, forward; forth-


Mac-

A patronymic used to form common Irish and Scottish names, similar to the English -son.


벡

벡— (canonical)
bek- (romanization)
白 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 白 (“white”). Cognate with Korean 백 (baek).

벡몰레


ᄂᆞ단-

This word has no clear internal etymology and may preserve an old Koreanic root for "right-side" that was displaced by modern Korean 오른 (oreun), which was derived from the adjective 옳다 (olta, “to be correct”).


und-

Partly a loan from Middle Low German ent-, unt-, from Proto-Germanic *andi- (cf. German ent-), and partly an abbreviation of Old Norse undan, from Proto-Germanic *undanē (“down under”).

Inseparable verb prefix indicating removing something from the object, from, away from, off.


суе-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sujь (“futile”).

inh+

глас (glas, “voice”) → суегла́сие (sueglásie, “idle talk”)

вя́ра (vjára, “faith”) → суеве́рие (suevérie, “superstition”)


суе-

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic соуѥ- (suje-), calque of Ancient Greek ματαιο- (mataio-). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *sujь (“futile”).


निर्-

निर्- (nir-) + जलित (jalit, “hydrated”) → निर्जलित (nirjalit, “dehydrated”)


निर्-

Combining form of निस्- (nis-), before vowels and voiced consonants


mâ-

dzìh mâyĭnggă


pap-

From pap (“cardboard”), conceived as an artificial material of poor quality, in opposition to the genuine biological relationship. The prefix was introduced in the 1960s to replace the older sted-.

(informal) step- (a prefix indicating the individual being referred to is related through the marriage of a parent)


Saharo-

the Saharo-Arabian Region


sted-

Older stif-, from Old Danish stiup-, styp-, stib-, from Old Norse stjúp-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“bereft, step-”), cognate with Swedish styv-, English step-, German stief-. In modern Danish influenced by the noun sted (“place, stead”) (virtually = "instead").


riikin-

Swedish (pertaining to the Kingdom of Sweden)


led-

lled- (mutation mutation-radical)
led- (mutation mutation-soft)


lled-

lled- + rhith (“illusion; phantom”) → lledrith (“magic; apparition”)

lled- + gorwedd (“to lie (down)”) → lled-orwedd (“to recline”)

lled- + dargludydd (“conductor”) → lled-ddargludydd (“semiconductor”)


hammer-

hammerfed, hammerlækker


palo-

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w-. Latin paucus (“few, little”), pauper (“poor”), paulus (“small”), parvus (“small”), Old Armenian փոքր (pʻokʻr) and Old English fēaw (English few). However only Ancient Greek φαῦλος (phaûlos) has the exact meaning, suggesting that probably both words have a common substrate origin and are not related to the PIE root.

(derogatory) a prefix signifying crummy old..., devil of a..., big old...


ανθρωπό-

ανθρωπο- ανθρωπο-#Greek

Alternative form of ανθρωπο- (anthropo-)


ανθρωπο-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνθρωπo- (anthrōpo-), from ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man”). For scientific, contemporary terms Learned borrowing from translingual anthropo-.


ureido-

(chemistry) Containing the univalent radical NH₂CONH–


bere-

From beer (“bear”) + -e-. Words formed with this prefix thus have a connotation of “like a bear”; e.g. beresterk can be interpreted as meaning “strong as a bear”. The prefix however is used beyond contexts where this comparison makes obvious sense, e.g. berekoud (literally “as cold as a bear”), bere-interessant (literally “as interesting as a bear”) and beregeil (literally “as horny as a bear”) have no immediately obvious relation to the animal anymore.

Beresnel

Beresterk

(informal) Intensifying adjectival prefix.


cam-

cam- (mutation mutation-radical)
gam- (mutation mutation-soft)
ngham- (mutation mutation-nasal)
cham- (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cam (“crooked; incorrect; unjust”).

cam- + gosod (“to place”) → camosod (“to misplace”)

cam- + trin (“to treat, handle”) → cam-drin (“to mistreat, abuse”)

cam- + syniad (“idea, concept”) → camsyniad (“error, mistake, misconception”)


odo-

From Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “road, path, way”).


gíga-

From Ancient Greek γίγας (gígas, “giant”).


pedr-

pedr- (mutation mutation-radical)
bedr- (mutation mutation-soft)
mhedr- (mutation mutation-nasal)
phedr- (mutation mutation-aspirate)

pedr- + ongl (“angle”) → pedrongl (“quadrilateral, square”)

pedr- + rhannu (“to divide, to share”) → pedrannu (“to quarter”)

pedr- + sill (“syllale”) → pedrsill (“tetrasyllabic”)


bedry-

pedry- (mutation mutation-radical)
bedry- (mutation mutation-soft)
mhedry- (mutation mutation-nasal)
phedry- (mutation mutation-aspirate)


pedry-

pedry- + ban (“corner”) → pedryban (“four corners; tetrastich”)

pedry- + dydd (“day”) → pedrydydd (“fourth day; quartan”)

pedry- + llaw (“hand”) → pedrylaw (“dextrous, adroit”)

pedry- + llef (“shout, cry”) → pedrylef (“eloquent, sonorous”)


ceimi-

ceimi- (mutation mutation-radical)
cheimi- (lenition mutation)
gceimi- (eclipsis mutation)


elementaari-

elementaarikoulu

(as modifier) elementary (elating to the basic, essential or fundamental part of something)

elementaaririkki

(chemistry, as modifier) elementary (of or pertaining to chemical elements)


neph-

desctree

Middle Irish: nem-
Irish: neamh-
Manx: neu-
Scottish Gaelic: neo-

neph- (mutation mutation-radical)
also nneph- after a proclitic (mutation mutation-radical)
ending in a vowel (mutation mutation-radical)
neph- (mutation mutation-nasal)

.i. a n-dliged n-ísin neph-accomoil in[n]a teora lit[er] i [n-]oen-sil[laib]

i.e. that law of not joining three letters in one syllable

"Do·géna nephthecht dia cungid. Ní thaibrea th'anmain forru," ol sí.

c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 323:

You shall not go seek them. You wouldn't give your life for them," she said.


pơrơ-

pơrơ- + taih (“to hit”) → pơrơtaih (“to hit each other”)


𑀅𑀡𑀼-

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अणु-</i>

Inherited from Sanskrit अनु- (ánu-). Cognate with Pali anu-.


fjǫl-

Icelandic: fjöl-

⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: fjølment


tvær-

From the adjective tvær in the original sense “transverse, cross”.


farmako-

From Ancient Greek φάρμακον (phármakon, “drug”).

der

pharmaco- (of or relating to medication)


farmako-

From Ancient Greek φάρμακον (phármakon).

farmako- + dynamika → farmakodynamika


oy-

oy- + oma (“to get dry”) → oyoma (“you get dry”)

Form used before a verb beginning with a vowel (that is not -a- or subjunctive -e-) of o-


oy-

ewü (first-person pronoun)
y- (first-person)
ü- (first-person)
u- (first-person)
w- (agent first-person transitive)
w- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
wi- (agent first-person transitive)
wi- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
küwü (dual first-person inclusive pronoun)
k- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
k- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
k- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
kü- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
kü- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ku- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ku- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ki- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ki- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
k- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kii- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ki- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
amödö (pronoun second-person)
ö- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ö- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ö- (patient second-person transitive)
ö- (possessive second-person)
ö- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
öy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
öy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
öy- (patient second-person transitive)
öy- (possessive second-person)
öy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ödh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ödh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ödh- (patient second-person transitive)
ödh- (possessive second-person)
ödh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
o- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
o- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
o- (patient second-person transitive)
o- (possessive second-person)
o- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
oy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
oy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
oy- (patient second-person transitive)
oy- (possessive second-person)
oy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
odh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
odh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
odh- (patient second-person transitive)
odh- (possessive second-person)
odh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
a- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
a- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
a- (patient second-person transitive)
a- (possessive second-person)
a- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ay- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ay- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ay- (patient second-person transitive)
ay- (possessive second-person)
ay- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
adh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
adh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
adh- (patient second-person transitive)
adh- (possessive second-person)
adh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
m- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
m- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
mi- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
mi- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
nña (dual exclusive first-person pronoun)
y- (dual exclusive first-person)
dh- (dual exclusive first-person)
ch- (dual exclusive first-person)
i- (dual exclusive first-person)
chö- (direct-object dual exclusive first-person postpositional)
n- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
n- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ni- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ni- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
tüwü (pronoun third-person)
y- (third-person)
dh- (third-person)
ch- (third-person)
i- (third-person)
chö- (direct-object postpositional third-person)
n- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
ni- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
tüwü (distant-past past pronoun)
kün- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kün- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kun- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kun- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kin- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kin- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ken- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ken- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
küm- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
küm- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kum- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kum- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kim- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kim- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kini- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kini- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
t- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
t- (possessive reflexive)
t- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tü- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tü- (possessive reflexive)
tü- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tu- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tu- (possessive reflexive)
tu- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
ti- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
ti- (possessive reflexive)
ti- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
te- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
te- (possessive reflexive)
te- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
öö- (agent patient reciprocal transitive)
öö- (agent-like intransitive patient-like reciprocal)
öö- (direct-object postpositional reciprocal)
mön- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mön- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
k- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
k- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)

(Caura River dialect) allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel o or u


निस्-

head

निस्- • (nís)

From नि- (ni-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ní, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ní, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ni (thus ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én). Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬌 (ni), German nieder, English nether, beneath, Old Church Slavonic нищь (ništĭ, “poor”).


cét-

Irish: céad

Manx: kied

Scottish Gaelic: ciad

cét- (mutation mutation-radical)
chét- (lenition mutation)
cét- (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Old Irish cét-, from Proto-Celtic *kentus (“first”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to begin”).


cét-

ceta- (pretonic)
cét- (mutation mutation-radical)
chét- (mutation mutation-nasal)
cét- (mutation)

desctree

Middle Irish: cét-
Irish: céad
Manx: kied
Scottish Gaelic: ciad

A conflation of two prefixes.
* The usual prefix meaning "first" is essentially a prefixed stem form of Proto-Celtic *kentus (“first”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to begin”). See also the related cétnae (“first”).
* A different prefix meaning "with", attested in only two or so word families, is from Proto-Celtic *kanta, derives from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”), and is cognate with Welsh gan (“with”) and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against, downwards”).

cog

cét- (“first”) + cin (“crime”) → cétchin (“first crime”)

cét- (“first”) + aín (“fast”) → cétaín (“Wednesday”, literally “first fasting”)

cét- (“first”) + id- (“it”) (relative) + do·rigni (“who have done”) → cetid·deirgni (“who have done it first”)

cét- (“first”) + ro·chreti (“who had believed”) → ceta·ruchreti (“who had first believed”)

cét- (“with”) + buith (“being”) → cétbaid (“feeling”)

cét- (“with”) + lúud (“moving”) → cétluth (“cohabitation”)

cét- (“with”) + ·bí (“is, exists”) (habitual conjunct) → ceta·bí (“feels”, literally “exist with”)


ceta-

ceta- (mutation mutation-radical)
cheta- (mutation mutation-nasal)
ceta- (mutation)


as-

Assimilated form of ab- + before -s-, from Latin ab (“of, off, from, away”).

assail, assoil, assault, assoil, assemble, assent


as-

as- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-as- (mutation)


as-

Unknown. By surface analysis, as (“carcass”) or as (“one of the Æsir”). The common prefix for Æsir gods is asa- however (see asagud and asatro).

Vi hade askul på vattenlandet

Hästen sprang assnabbt

Vi har astråkigt


krydder-

From Middle Low German krǖder, a plural of krūt (“vegetables, spices”) (hence Danish krudt). Compare also German Kräuter, plural of Kraut, also used to form compounds.


ako-

her ______

someone’s ______

third person feminine/indefinite singular possessive prefix


bdello-

From Ancient Greek βδέλλα (bdélla, “leech”).


सं-

Combining form of सम्- (sam-), before consonants


सम्-

Borrowed from Sanskrit सम्- (sam-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sam-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sam-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *som- (“together, wholly”).

der

सम्- (sam-) + पूर्ण (pūrṇ, “full”) → संपूर्ण (sampūrṇ, “complete”)


सम्-

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sam-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sam-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *som- (“together, wholly”). Compare Middle Persian hm (ham-), Persian همـ (ham-) and Ancient Greek σύν (sún, “with, in company with, together with”) (whence English syn-). Compare also English same, some.

cog

with, together with, along with, together, altogether


pecilo-

From Ancient Greek ποικίλος (poikílos, “multi-colored”).

der

(sciences, by extension) of various aspects or kinds


acanto-

From Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”).


arcy-

arch-, as relatnig to the highest position

over-, hyper-, beyond intensifier prefix


arcy-

arcy- + biskup → arcybiskup

arcy- + banalny → arcybanalny


pramu-

Back-formation from pramugari, from Javanese ꦥꦿꦩꦸꦒꦫꦶ (pramugari). Equivalent to pra- + *mugara.


निष्-

head

निष्- • (niṣ-)

Combining form of निस् (nis), before the consonants क, ख, प and फ


styk-

From Old Norse stjúk- and stýk-, a form of Old Norse stjúp-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa-. Cognates include English step-, Icelandic stjúp and Swedish styv-. Doublet of ste-.


tipp-

With familial designations, used to denote a removal of one generation


tipp-

tipp- + oldefar (“great-grandfather”) → tippoldefar (“great-great-grandfather”)

tipp- + tipp- + oldemor (“great-grandmother”) → tipp-tipp-oldemor (“great-great-great-grandmother”)

tipp- + tipp- + tipp- + oldemor (“great-grandmother”) → tipp-tipp-tipp-oldemor (“great-great-great-great-grandmother”)

With familial designations, used to denote a removal of one generation: great-


olde-

From the first part of Middle Low German e.g. oldervater, oldevater.

olde- + mor (“mother”) → oldemor (“great-grandmother”)

olde- + born (“children”) → oldeborn (“great-grandchildren”)

olde- + onkel (“uncle”) → oldeonkel (“great-granduncle”)

olde- + grandonkel (“granduncle”) → oldegrandonkel (“great-granduncle”)

With familial relations, used to denote a removal, usually up three generations or back.


fönn-

fönn- + marad (“to stay”) → fönnmarad (“to survive, remain; to float (on the surface)”)

(verbal prefix) Alternative form of fenn-: up, above


félbe-

From fél (“half”) + -be (“in”, case suffix), literally “in half”.

affix

félbe- + hagy (“to let, leave, allow”) → félbehagy (“to stop, cease, discontinue”)

(verbal prefix) It indicates an action that is left unfinished.


széjjel-

Lexicalization of szél (“edge, side”) + -l (ablative suffix): *szélel > széllel > széllyel > széjjel.

szét-

synonymous with and more common than széjjel-

esik (“to fall”) → széjjelesik (“to fall apart”)

néz (“to look”) → széjjelnéz (“to look around/about”)

fut (“to run”) → széjjelfut (“to run into every direction, scatter”)

(verbal prefix) into every direction (from somewhere)


libro-

Borrowed from Latin liber (“book”, stem libr-).


dino-

From Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “terrible, awesome, mighty, fearfully great”).

der

dinosaur, dinoceratan, dinopid

(biology) Used for presumably fearfully large or dangerous animals or animal parts.


dino-

From Ancient Greek δίνη (dínē, “whirling, rotation”).

scotodinia, dinic, dinophobia


lii-

head

lii- (before vowels il-, class I first-person plural)

Cognate with Choctaw ī- and Choctaw ii- (alternative spelling).

we (subject of an active transitive or active intransitive verb)


ilii-

ilii- (before vowels il-, class I first-person plural)


mbë-

From earlier ëmbër-/ëmbë- (attested in Buzuku). found in mbështjell. ultimately, from n- (“in”) + për- (“trans”).


tuʀ-

Old English: tor-

Old High German: zur-

tore

Middle English: tor, tore, toor (reinforced by Old Norse tor-)


cruro-

(anatomy) Relating to a limb or a hiatus


skë-

a combination of Latin dis- and Proto-Albanian *ka-, from Proto-Indo-European *ko-.


lë-

from the transitive verb lë, or from Proto-Albanian *lV-.


paki-

Pakitapon naman ito sa basurahan.

adverbial prefix - Request someone to perform the action of the verb


ha·-

categorizing prefix for land, soil, countryside


chang-

classifier for number of times, the number of times something has been done


ʔudəgʷ-

(morpheme always bound to a lexical suffix) middle


mbarë

From mbar (“I bring (back), return”) (from Proto-Albanian *en-bara; further related to Albanian mbart (“I bear, carry”), mbaroj (“I finish, complete, end, fulfill, comply”), mbaj (“I carry, hold”)).
Orel disagrees with Meyer; proposed it as a tabooistically used loanword for Latin impar (“uneven, unequal”).

mbarëpopullor, mbarëshoqëror

all-, whole- (as a prefix; for adjectives and nouns)


dil-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of vasodilators.


nara-

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese nara (“man, male, person”), from Sanskrit नर (nára), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnáras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnáras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr.


guan-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of guanidine derivatives used as antihypertensives.


այսր-

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian այսր (aysr).


פֿאָרויס

head

פֿאָרויס • (foroys)


trop-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of atropine derivatives.


बिन-

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘪𑘲𑘜 (vīṇa), 𑘪𑘲𑘡 (vīna), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀡𑀸 (viṇā), from Sanskrit विना (vínā). Doublet of विना (vinā). Cognate with Hindustani بِنَا (binā) / बिना (binā), Kachchi વિણ- (viṇa-), Mewari वना (vanā), Punjabi ਬਿਨ (bin) / بِن (bin).

बिनपाण्याची हजामत

severe criticism (literally, “shaving without water”)


gab-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of gabamimetic agents.


отъ-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ-; see *otъ for further information.

отъ- (otŭ-) + ходити (xoditi, “to go”) → ѿходити (otxoditi, “to go away”)


nal-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of opioid receptor antagonists or agonists related to normorphine.


въ-

From Proto-Slavic *vъ(n)-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. The /n/ persists in вънити (vŭniti). See also Proto-Slavic *vъ(n).

вън- (vŭn-) + -ити (-iti, “to go”) → вънити (vŭniti, “to go in, to enter”)

in, into (describing an action of moving inside of something)


imm-

Irish: im-

From Proto-Celtic *ambi-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi.

imm- (“around”) + soïd (“to turn”) → imm·soí (“to turn around”)

imm- (“around”) + téit (“to go”) → imm·tét (“to go around”)

imm- + aigid (“drive”) → imm·aig (“drive [someone else] around”)

imm- + beirid (“to carry”) → imm·beir (“to play”, literally “carry around”)

imm- (“very”) + ecal (“fearful”) → immecal (“very fearful”)

imm- (“very”) + lobur (“sick person”) → imlobor (“a very sick person”)

intensive prefix for adjectives and nouns: very, super-


sal-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of salicylic acid derivatives.


salazo-

From sal- (“salicylic acid derivative”) + azo-.

af

(pharmacology) Used to form names of phenylazosalicylic acid derivatives.


thi-

(pharmacology) Alternative form of thio-.


nab-

cannabinoid receptor
cannabinoid receptor#English

(pharmacology) Used to form names of cannabinoid receptor agonists.


io-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of iodine-containing contrast media.


io-

it/her ____ (patient)

It/she ____ it/her


az-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of azo-.

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of aza-.


imme-

Alternative form of imm- used in relative verb forms


sucr-

(biochemistry) Alternative form of sucro-.


metho-

From methyl + -o-. Ultimately from Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu, “wine”).


sucro-

sucrose, sucroacid


cort-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of corticosteroids except prednisolone derivatives.


fos-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of phosphorous derivatives of various pharmacological categories.


агро-

From агроно́м (agronóm), itself from Ancient Greek ἀγρονόμος (agronómos), compound of ἀγρός (agrós, “field”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”); influenced by French agronomie.

forming compound words with the meaning "agronomic"


estr-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of estrogens.


estro-

estrogen


उद्-

Devanagari script form of ud- (“out of”)


उद्-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-
Proto-Indo-Aryan *ud-
Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ud-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-, from Proto-Indo-European *úd.


gest-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of steroids, progestogens.


mito-

# From Ancient Greek μίτος (mítos, “thread of the warp”).
# From mitosis.

der

mitoplast

mitoclastic, mitodepressive, mitogenetic

(pharmacology) Used to form names of nucleotoxic agents used as antineoplastics.


ming-

& future mo- (infinitive)
mu- (infinitive)

Probably from a portmanteau of mu- (itself from Proto-Philippine *-um-) and the original perfect infix -in-. Compare similar developments in Ilocano -imm-, and archaic Tagalog -ungm-.

Mingkaon ko.


H'

H'Ê-Wa

H'Mari

H'Rut

H'Êsther

H'Maryam Niê

H'Hen Niê


Y-

It's been claimed that this prefix was derived from the first letter of the Roman transliteration of the tetragammaton, YHWH, which reflects the adoption of Evangelicalism among the Rade.

Y-Adam

Y-Abraham

Y-Yôsuê

Y-Samuel

Y-Êsra

Y-Nêhêmi
Nehemiah

Y-Yôp

Y-Êsai

Y-Yêrêmi

Y-Êsêkiêl
Ezekiel

Y-Đaniel

Y-Ôsê

Y-Yôel

Y-Amôs

Y-Apđia

Y-Yôna
Jonah

Y-Mika
Micah

Y-Nahum
Nahum

Y-Haƀakuk
Habakkuk

Y-Sôphôni
Zephaniah

Y-Agê
Haggai

Y-Sakari
Zechariah; Zachary

Y-Malaki
Malachi

Y-Markôs

Y-Luk

Y-Yôhan

Y-Timôthê

Y-Tit

Y-Philêmôn

Y-Yakơ

Y-Pêtrôs

Y-Yut


gly-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of antihyperglycemics.


gli-

# From glio-.
# Contraction of antihyperglycemic.

Alternative form of glio- when used before a vowel.


nate-

From Old Norse hnata, genitive plural of hnot f (“nut”).

(non-standard since 2012) prefixal of nòt (“nut”)


arte-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of artemisinin-related compounds used as antimalarial agents.


ox-

(chemistry) Alternative form of oxo-, used before vowels.


nifur-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of 5-nitrofuran derivatives.


𐕎𐕒𐕡-

𐕎𐕒𐕡- (nu-, “not”) + 𐔱𐔰 (ba, “do”) + -𐔰 (-a, dative suffix) + 𐔵𐕒𐕡 (zu, “I”) → 𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔱𐔰𐔰𐔵𐕒𐕡 (nubaazu, “I do not do”)


pitheco-

From Ancient Greek πίθηκος (píthēkos, “ape, monkey”).


rifa-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of rifamycin derivatives used as antibiotics.


V-

internal combustion engine
internal combustion engine#English

(automotive, engineering) Referring to an internal combustion engine piston cylinder configuration, where the cylinders are aligned in a V-like shape, in which there is an acute angle between the cylinders, and the bottom of the cylinder, where the crank is, is the bottom of the V, and the top of the cylinder is where the fuel, intake and exhaust ports are located.

W-

like the V-, but with an additional cylinder row up the centre

Y-

like the V-, but with an additional cylinder row down the centre

T-

like the H-, but with an additional cylinder row up the centre


V-

Vietnamese; used to denote nouns relating to the (popular) culture of Vietnam.


կենս-

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian կենս- (kens-), a combining form of կեանք (keankʻ, “life”).


vin-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of vinca alkaloids.


uʀ-

desctree

Old English: or-
Middle English: or-
English: or-

Old Frisian: or-

Saterland Frisian: uur-

West Frisian: oar-

Old Saxon: ur-, or-

Middle Low German: or-

German Low German: oor-

Old Dutch: ur-, or-

Middle Dutch: or-, oor-

Dutch: oor-

Old High German: ur-
Middle High German: ur-
German: ur-
→ English: ur-
→ Dutch: oer-
Yiddish: אור־ (ur-)

Old English: ar-, ā-, ǣ-

Middle English: a-

English: a-

Old Saxon: ā-

Middle Low German: er-

German Low German: er-

Old Dutch: ir-, ā-

Middle Dutch: er-

Dutch: er-

Old High German: ir-, er-, ā-

Middle High German: er-, ir-, re-

German: er-

→ Swedish: er-


forē-

Old English: fore-

Middle English: fore-, for-

English: fore-

Old Frisian: fore-

Saterland Frisian: foar-

Old Saxon: fora-

German Low German: vör-

Old High German: fora-

German: vor-

From Proto-Germanic *furai-. Corresponds to the preposition and adverb *forē (“before”).


sulfonio-

Used to describe a molecule with a sulfur onium component.


lengimu-

First-person singular adjective concord.


lengim-

First-person singular adjective concord; form of lengimu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


azpi-

azpi- + titulu (“title”) → azpititulu (“subtitle”)

azpi- + egitura (“structure”) → azpiegitura (“infrastructure”)


steppe-

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of step-


phospha-

(chemistry, in combination) indicating that phosphorus substitutes for another atom in the molecule name it prefixes.


pteryg-

Alternative form of pterygo-, before a vowel.


ĉirkaŭ-

ĉirkaŭ- + iri (“to go”) → ĉirkaŭiri (“to circumvent”)

ĉirkaŭ- + kolo (“neck”) → ĉirkaŭkolo (“collar”)

ĉirkaŭ- + mano (“hand”) → ĉirkaŭmano (“bracelet”)

ĉirkaŭ- + premi (“to squeeze”) → ĉirkaŭpremi (“to hug”)

ĉirkaŭ- + preni (“to take”) → ĉirkaŭpreni (“to embrace”)

ĉirkaŭ- + mordi (“to bite”) → ĉirkaŭmordi (“to gnaw”)

ĉirkaŭ- + tranĉi (“to cut”) → ĉirkaŭtranĉi (“to trim”)

ĉirkaŭ- + skribi (“to write”) → ĉirkaŭskribi (“to circumscribe”)

denotes the surrounding or envelopment of something.


ख़ुश-

hi-prefix

ख़ुश- • (xuś-)


wz-

Polish: wz-

wz- + mnożyć → wzmnożyć

emphasizes the beginning, intensification, or bringing into effect of what the base verb means:

wz- + mawiać → wzmawiać

wz- + ić → wzić


wz-

Inherited from Old Polish wz-. Cognate with Lithuanian už (“within, instead of, in return for”), Latvian uz (“on, to”).

cog

wz- + budzić (“to wake”) → wzbudzić (“to arouse, evoke”)

wz- + dychać (“to breathe”) → wzdychać (“to sigh”)

wz- + pomnieć (“to remember”) → wspomnieć (“to reminisce”)

wz- + piąć → wspiąć się

wz- + chodzić → wschodzić


magán-

Lexicalization of maga (“oneself”) + -n (adverb-forming suffix).

af

magán

superseded spelling or misspelling when written separately


ifrat-

güclü (“strong”) + ifrat- → ifratgüclü (“superstrong”)

tənzimləmə (“regulation”) + ifrat- → ifrattənzimləmə (“overshoot”)

yükləmə (“load”) + ifrat- → ifratyükləmə (“overload”)


külön-

külön- + ír (“to write”) → különír (“to write separately”)


faka-

From Proto-Polynesian *faka-. Cognates include Hawaiian haʻa- and Samoan fa'a-.

adverbial number
adverbial number#English

Used to create an adverbial number from a cardinal number.

Used to create a noun describing the characteristic of the prefixed word.

Used to create a stative verb showing similarity to the prefixed word.

Used to create a causative transitive verb from an intransitive or stative verb.


occipit-

(anatomy) Alternative form of occipito-, used before a vowel.


eredo-

From erede (“heir”), eredità (“inheritance”).


a·-

(categorizing prefix) land, soil, countryside


salping-

(anatomy) Alternative form of salpingo- before a vowel.


stern-

(anatomy) Alternative form of sterno-, used before a vowel.


Georgio-

Mr. Tchoubinof, employed in foreign affairs in St. Petersburg, and a Georgian by birth, has edited a Georgio-Russio-French Dictionary,²⁸ infinitely richer than vocabularies we previously possessed.

1842, E. Roer, “Report made by J. Mohl in the General Meeting of the Asiatic Society of Paris, 31st May, 1841 […], translated from the French”, in Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (New Series), volume 11, number 125, Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, page 431:


istio-

From Ancient Greek ἱστίον (histíon, “tissue”).


ta·-

Categorizing prefix for varieties of tubers


do·-

Categorizing prefix for types of birds and things related to birds


aN-

derivational prefix forming intransitive verbs from nouns and other roots

inflectional prefix forming the semi-transitive of transitive verbs


a'-

From Middle English all- (also al-), from Old English eall-, eal- (“all-”).

Indicates complete power or authority in an area.

Indicates that a term applies in a general manner.


bersi-

From ber- + se-, influenced by Minangkabau basi-.
Berse- > bersi-


كهرو

head

كَهْرُو • (kahrū)

كَهْرُو (canonical)
kahrū (romanization)

Extracted from كَهْرُبَاء (kahrubāʔ). Compare English electro-, Russian электро- (elektro-), Greek ηλεκτρο- (ilektro-), as well as their cognates in other languages.


אָפּ־

אָפּ־ • (op-)

From Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German aba, ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab. Cognate with German ab-.

A verbal complement indicating the completion of an action.


उ-

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀉- (u-), from Sanskrit उद्- (ud-, “above, upwards”). Doublet of उत्- (ut-).


ekzo-

Derived from Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō, “outer; external”).

der

ekzo- + citozo (“cytosis”) → ekzocitozo (“exocytosis”)

ekzo- + nukleazo (“nuclease”) → ekzonukleazo (“exonuclease”)


một cách

[mok̚˨˩ʔ kat̚˦˧˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-một cách.wav

một cách ngu xuẩn

(slightly formal) adverbializes adjectives; in a ... way/manner/fashion; -ly


niz-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ, from Proto-Indo-European *nei-ǵʰ-? (Derksen) or *ni- (“down”).


öno-

From Ancient Greek οἶνος (oînos, “wine”).


ἐπ-

Alternative form of ἐπῐ- (epi-), used before a vowel with smooth breathing.


ви-

ви- (vy-) + ходи́ти impf (xodýty, “to go”) → вихо́дити impf (vyxódyty, “to go out”)

(used with verbs) out, ex- (describing an action of moving outside from inside)

ви́- (vý-) + пи́ти impf (pýty, “to drink”) → ви́пити pf (výpyty, “to drink up”)

(used with verbs) indicates completion or fulfilment


tubo-

eustachian tubes
Eustachian tube#English

(anatomy) tube: any of various tubes (such as the fallopian tubes or the eustachian tubes).

myringo-

eardrum, an adjacent structure, otologically intertwined with eustachian tubes


jɔ̃³¹

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Burmese ယင်း (yang:, “that”), Lhao Vo yao꞉, Zaiwa yang, Lashi nyang꞉ and Longchuan Achang ȵ̊aŋ³¹.

ŋai³⁵ na̠³¹ jɔ̃³¹ ta³¹

a³¹ pai⁵¹ jɔ̃³¹ va⁵⁵

prefix of inalienable possession, e.g. kinship; one's


ⵙⵙ-

From Proto-Berber *ss- (“causative prefix”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *s- (“causative prefix”). Cognate with Kabyle ss- (see ssired).

inh

From a transitive verb: ⵙⵙ- (ss-) + ⵇⵇⵏ (qqn, “to close”) → ⵙⵙⵇⵇⵏ (ssqqn, “to attach”)

From a noun: ⵙⵙ- (ss-) + ⵓⵏⴼⵙ (unfs, “breath”) → ⵙⵙⵓⵏⴼⵙ (ssunfs, “to breathe”)

From a passive verb: ⵙⵙ- (ss-) + ⵏⵡ (nw, “to be cooked”) → ⵙⵙⵏⵡ (ssnw, “to cook”)

From an intransitive verb: ⵙⵙ- (ss-) + ⵖⵓⵙ (ɣus, “intransitive verb for burning”) → ⵙⵙⵖⵓⵙ (ssɣus, “transitive verb for burning”)

causative prefix, creating active transitive verbs from either already transitive verbs, nouns, passive verbs, or intransitive verbs


uusio-

Extracted from the word uusiopaperi (“recycled paper”), which is analyzable as uusio- + paperi.


carotico-

From Ancient Greek κᾰρωτῐκός (karōtikós, “stupefying, soporific”), related to carotid.

der

(anatomy) Of or relating to the carotid artery.


ἐν-

Prefixed form of the preposition ἐν (en).


ἐν-

From Proto-Indo-European *ím, accusative case of *éy (“that”).

Appears in medial/proximal place/source/destination demostratives


wez-

wez- + brać → wezbrać

alternative form of wz-, used before some voiced consonant clusters


ws-

Polish: ws-

alternative form of wz-, used before voiceless consonants


ws-

ws- + pomagać → wspomagać


tetracosa-

Pseudo-loan from Ancient Greek, as if formed from τετρα- (tetra-) + εἴκοσι (eíkosi) by analogy with docosa-. However, Ancient Greek τετρακόσιοι (tetrakósioi) actually means “four hundred”, not “twenty-four”. The Ancient Greek word for “twenty-four” is εἰκοσιτέσσαρες (eikositéssares).


sticho-

From Ancient Greek στίχος (stíkhos, “line, row, verse”).

Concerning rows or lines, such as lines of poetry.


ⴰⵎ-

From Proto-Berber *am-, from *a- (“noun-forming prefix”) + *m- (“instumental prefix”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔa- and *m-. Cognate with Arabic مِـ (mi-) and Hausa ma-. By surface analysis, ⴰ- (a-) + ⵎ- (m-).

af

nominal prefix forming instrumental nouns and noun-adjectives


aḍḍha-

→ Khmer: អឌ្ឍ (ʼatthĕəʼ)

→ Khmer: អឌ្ឍគោល (ʼatthĕəʼ kool)

Inherited from Sanskrit अर्ध (ardha, “half-”).


mylo-

From Ancient Greek μῠ́λη (múlē, “mill; molar tooth”) + -o-.

af

mylohyoid

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the molars.


meio-

From Ancient Greek μεῖον (meîon, “less”).

meio- + -cardia (“heart condition”) → meiocardia (“maximum decrease in volume of the heart cavity”)

meio- + Ancient Greek πράσσειν (prássein, “to do”) → meiopragia (“reduction in the functional activity of an organ”)

meio- + Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) → meiotterismo (“reduction of wings in the development of insects”)

used in scientific and medical terms to indicate diminution


𒉆-

Prefix used to form abstract and collective nouns.


ⵎ-

From Proto-Berber *m-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *m-. Compare Arabic مَا (mā).

(no longer productive) noun-forming prefix


rhyncho-

From Ancient Greek ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos, “snout”).


ⴰ-

From Proto-Berber *a-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔa-.


素っ

prefixes nouns, adjectives for intensification


sika-

sika (“pig, swine”), probably through words like sikaruma (“very ugly”, literally “pig-ugly”)

Se on sikahyvä.

(Helsinki) extremely, totally, very, really, super (used as an intensifier in compound terms)


pszeudo-

From Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, lying”).


súid-

From English pseudo-, from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, lying”).


äly-

Probably a shortening of älyttömän (“ridiculously, extremely”).

Älyhyvää keittoa.

extremely, totally, very, really (used as an intensifier in compound terms)


взаємо-

inter-, co- (together, mutually, jointly)


sphen-

sphenethmoid

Alternative form of spheno-, used before a vowel.


thyr-

thyrasthenia

Alternative form of thyro-, used before a vowel.


wś-

wś- + ciec → wściec

variation of wz-, used before voiceless palatal consonant


inn-

From the word inn (“in, inside, into”), from Old Norse inn (“in, into”), from Proto-Germanic *inn (“in, into”), from *in (“in, into”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

innblid, innfornøyd, innful

(forms verbs with the sense of a large extent; throughout)


δεκα-

δεκα- (deka-) + λίτρο (lítro, “litre”) → δεκάλιτρο (dekálitro, “decalitre, 10 litres”)


bilde-

From bilde (“picture, photo”), from Old Norse bilæti, from Middle Low German bilede, bilde, belede, belde, from Old Saxon bilithi, from Proto-West Germanic *biliþī, from *biliþu (“equalness, likeness”) + (*ī (“-ness, -th”), from Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“-th”), from Proto-Indo-European *-i-h₂, from *-h₂), from *bil (“equal”) + *-iþu (“-ness”), from Proto-Germanic *-iþō, from Proto-Indo-European *-iteh₂, *-teh₂, from Proto-Germanic *bilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰi-ló-s, from *bʰey- (“bee”).


rept-

From Latin rept-, past participle stem of rēpere "to crawl, creep."


Brito-

Back-formation from Britain, British or Briton.

Automatically generated listed of words beginning with

(rare) A combining form relating to Great Britain or, by extension, the United Kingdom.

(rare) A combining form relating to the British people, culture, or livestock.


ދިހަ

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀤𑀲 (dasa), from Sanskrit दश (daśa).


stu-

stu- + łeb → stułbia

added to mean "one hundred of" or imply the object somehow is related to the numeral one hundred


ស្វ័យ

km-prefix

ស្វ័យ • (svay)

ស្វ័យចល័ត


អ-

អរូប

អសប្បាយ

អមត

(in compound of Indic origin) in-, un-, a- / an-, non-, without, lack of


гіпер-

From Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”). Compare Russian гипер- (giper-).


багато-

many-, multi-, poly- (pertaining to many)


кібер-

Analyzable as a clipping of кіберне́тика (kibernétyka).

clipping

кіберне́тика


jugulo-

From jugular (“relating to the jugular vein”).

internal jugular vein
internal jugular vein

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein, especially the internal jugular vein.


すめら

天皇

the Emperor/Empress Regnant (literally, “imperial man”)

天皇/皇尊

His/Her Majesty the Emperor/Empress Regnant (literally, “imperial august thing”)

神日本磐余彦天皇 ― Kan'yamato Iwarebiko no Sumeramikoto ― His Majesty, Lord Iware of Divine Yamato

始馭天下之天皇

His Majesty, the First Ruler of the Land

皇御国

His/Her Majesty's empire (literally, “imperial august land”)

皇御軍

His/Her Majesty's military (literally, “imperial august fighters”)


ڤڠـ

From Proto-Malayic *pAŋ-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋ-, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋ-.

ڤڠـ + سلامت → ڤڽلامت (“rescuer”)

actor, instrument, or someone characterized by the root.


catur-

From Malay catur, from Sanskrit चतुर् (catur), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


après-

(informal, humorous) Used to describe an event, phenomenon, etc. that occurs after a specified activity; after-.


새-

Believed to be from the Middle Korean verb ᄉᆡ다〮 (Yale: sòy-tá, “to be sour”), which was already sometimes used for intensifying effect in the fifteenth century. Hence related to 시다 (sida, “to be sour”).

ruby

􂀿具􂁀(구)􂀿本􂁀(본)􂀿寬􂁀(관)

具(구)本(본)寬(관)

lang

具(구)本(본)寬(관)

새 (sae-, “deep”) + 까맣다 (kkamata, “black”) → 새까맣다 (saekkamata, “pitch-black”)

(of colors) deep, strong, vivid (used before adjectives beginning with an obstruent followed by a yang-vowel)

샛 — before sonorants followed by a yang-vowel

시 — before obstruents followed by a yin-vowel

싯 — before sonorants followed by a yin-vowel


ʻū-

ʻū- + hōloʻa (“to dispense”) → ʻūhōloʻa (“dispenser”)

Indicates the cause or instrument of an action.


𑂃-

PIE word
 *n̥-
Inherited from Sanskrit अ- (a-).


въс-

Alternative form of въз- (vŭz-) (before voiceless consonants)


въз-

въз- (vŭz-) + вратити (vratiti, “to turn”) → възвратити (vŭzvratiti, “to return”)


сѫ-

сѫ- (sǫ-) + nominal form of сѣсти (sěsti, “to sit”) → сѫсѣдъ (sǫsědŭ, “neighbor”)

com-, con- (forms nouns denoting a connection or link)


съ-

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-, from *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom. The /n/ persists in сънѧти, from ѧти (“to take”). Compare the analogous loss of -n- in въ- (vŭ-).
Not to be confused with Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

съ- (sŭ-) + поустити (pustiti) → съпоустити (sŭpustiti)

съ- (sŭ-) + знати (znati) → съзнати (sŭznati)

съ- (sŭ-) + ломити (lomiti) → съломити (sŭlomiti)

съ- (sŭ-) + коупити (kupiti) → съкоупити (sŭkupiti)

Prepended to verbs, usually forming a perfective from an imperfective verb.

съ- (sŭ-) + лити impf (liti, “to pour”) → сълити pf (sŭliti, “to pour into one place”)

(used with verbs) (describing an action moving from a single position or many positions into another single position)

съ- (sŭ-) + ходити (xoditi, “to go”) → съходити (sŭxoditi, “to go down”)

(used with verbs) down (describing a downward action)

(used with verbs) off, from off (describing an action of removing oneself to another location)


вꙑ-

вꙑ- (vy-) + ити (iti, “to go”) → вꙑити (vyiti, “to go out”)

вꙑ- (vy-) + гонити (goniti, “to chase”) → вꙑгонити (vygoniti, “to chase away”)

вꙑ- (vy-) + нести (nesti, “to bring, to carry”) → вꙑнести (vynesti, “to bring out”)

вꙑ- (vy-) + врѣщи (vrěšti, “to toss, to cast”) → вꙑврѣщи (vyvrěšti, “to throw away”)

(used with verbs) out, out from (describing an action of moving outside from inside)


оу-

оу- (u-) + тещи (tešti, “to run”) → оутещи (utešti, “to run away, escape”)

оу- (u-) + бости (bosti) → оубости (ubosti)

оу- (u-) + говорити impf (govoriti, “to say”) → оуговорити pf (ugovoriti, “to persuade”)

оу- (u-) + знати impf (znati, “to know”) → оузнати pf (uznati, “to get to know”)


míkró-

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”).


슴

Short for 가슴 (gaseum, “breast, boobs”). Originated from the Internet to bypass keyword filtering and/or type in quickly. Or possibly derived from 슴가 (seumga, “boobs”)

(Internet slang, vulgar) A prefix attached to some nouns to make additional semantic relation with woman's breast. Chiefly used in sexual contexts.


prea-

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic прѣ- (prě-), from Proto-Slavic *per-.

bor+

prea- + mări (“to enlarge”) → preamări (“to glorify”)

prefix added to adjectives or verbs to indicate exaggeration; over-


Libyco-

Libyco-Berber; Libyco-Egyptian


엿-

Compare the obsolete verb 엿〯— (Yale: yěs-).

Attached to some verbs to convey the meaning of “secretly; stealthily; in secret”.


sots-

Inherited from Latin subtus, which gives the archaic preposition sots, nowadays replaced by sota.

sots- + director (“director”) → sotsdirector (“subdirector”)


얼-

Attached to some nouns to mean “slight, approximate, incomplete, insufficient”.

Attached to verbs and the noun form of some verbs to mean “slightly, incomplete, indistinctly”.


찰-

The sense of "sticky" could be an extension of the meaning of the future determiner form of 차다 (chada, “to attach, to put on”).

Attached to certain nouns to denote “sticky”, “glutinous”, “gluey”, etc.

Attached to certain nouns to denote “extreme”, “severe”, “excessive”, etc.


막-

See the entry at 막 (mak, “rough, careless, of low quality”).


អតិ

km-prefix

អតិ • (ʼaʼte)


짓-

Prefix attached to verbs, denoting "carelessly, recklessly"

Prefix attached to nouns, denoting "extreme, excessive"


𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖱

head

𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖱 • (śrī́)


শ্ৰী

শ্ৰী • (sri)


শ্ৰী

শ্ৰী • (śrī́)


ಶ್ರೀ

ಶ್ರೀ • (śrī)


ಶ್ರೀ

ಶ್ರೀ • (śrī́)


ᬰ᭄ᬭᬷ

ᬰ᭄ᬭᬷ • (śrī́)


ཤྲཱི

ཤྲཱི • (shrī)


𑌶𑍍𑌰𑍀

𑌶𑍍𑌰𑍀 • (śrī́)


𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀻

𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀻 • (śrī́)


ศฺรี

ศฺรี • (śrī́)


ꦯꦿꦷ

ꦯꦿꦷ • (śrī́)


શ્રી

શ્રી • (śrī-)

Borrowed from Sanskrit श्री (śrī), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śriHrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćriHrás (“beautiful, splendid”).


શ્રી

head

શ્રી • (śrī́)


শ্রী

শ্রী • (sri)

bn-prefix

শ্রী • (sri)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit শ্রী (śrī), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śriHrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćriHrás (“beautiful, splendid”). Doublet of শ্রেয় (śreẏo, “better, superior”), শ্রেষ্ঠ (sreśṭho, “best, excellent”), and অশ্লীল (oslil, “ugly, nasty, indecent”).

dbt

শ্রীকৃষ্ণ


শ্রী

head

শ্রী • (śrī́)


ၐြီ

ၐြီ • (śrī́)


ឝ្រី

ឝ្រី • (śrī́)


natr-

Alternative form of natro- (before a vowel)


ずぶ

zubu- (romanization)
ずぶ (hiragana historical)


𑂥𑂵-

Borrowed from Classical Persian بی (bē).


ইঙ্গ-

ইঙ্গ- • (iṅgô-)

Shortening of ইংরেজ (iṅrej), influenced by English Anglo-.


wiþra-

desctree

Old English: wiþer-, wider-
Middle English: wither-
English: wither- (dialectal)
Scots: weather-, wother-, widder-

Old Frisian: wither-

Saterland Frisian: wier-

West Frisian: wjer-, wer-

Old Saxon: withar-

Middle Low German: wedder-

German Low German: weer-

Old Dutch: wither-

Middle Dutch: weder-

Dutch: weer-, weder-

Old High German: widar-

Middle High German: wider-

German: wider-, wieder-


Picto-

A combining form relating to Pictland (prehistoric northern and eastern Scotland) or Pictish people (Picts).


intestino-

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from intestine + -o-.

Coordinate term: gastro-

Near-synonyms: enter-, entero-

intestinointestinal

intestinovesical

(biology, medicine) Of or relating to an intestine.


episio-

From Ancient Greek ἐπίσιον (epísion, “pubic region”).

der

(medicine) Refers to the vulvar or perineal area in relation to the surgical procedures episiotomy, episiorrhaphy, or episioplasty.


Normanno-

I ſhall only beg leave to obſerve by the way, that before the diſtinction of Dano-Saxon, and Normanno-Saxon, there were doubtleſs ſeveral Dialects, or Proprieties of Speech introduced by thoſe ſeveral Nations, of the Saxons, Angli, and Jutæ, or Geatæ, who took Poſſeſſion of the Iſland, and of thoſe other Colonies that were called. out of Germany; […]

1715, Elizabeth Elstob, “Of the Dialects”, in The Rudiments of Grammar for the English-Saxon Tongue, First Given in English: […], London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer: And Sold by J. Bowyer […], and C. King […], page 65:

This most eminent representative of the Normanno-Sicilian school of falconry […]

1990, Christopher Harper-Bill, Ruth Harvey, The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood III, page 82:

The Normanno-Russian Great Princes of Kijev, as well as the Volga Bulgarians, were the vassals of the Xazars.

1995, Karl Heinrich Menges, The Turkic Languages and Peoples, page 30:

Normandy, the Normans, or the Norman language.


į-

See the preposition į. Corresponds to English in-, Latvian ie-.

į- + eiti (“to go”) → įeiti (“to go into, enter”)

in, into, towards; indicates directionality

į- + motė (“mother”) → įmotė (“step-mother”)

indicates a family member who does not share a blood relation; step-, foster


うな

una- (romanization)
うな (hiragana historical)

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉


អនុ

km-prefix

អនុ • (ʼaʼnuʼ)

(in Indic compounds) sub-, vice-, smaller, lower (in rank)


ato-

International System of Units
International System of Units

atto-: in the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁻¹⁸. Symbol: a


까막

From 까맣다 (kkamata, “pitch black”) + 악 (-ak, “diminutive ending”).


pero-

From Ancient Greek πηρός (pērós, “maimed”).

(medicine) indicates a congenital anomaly characterized by the lack of a body part


ttwa-

ttwa- + aru (“to write”) → ttwaru (“to be written”)

ttwa- + enɣ (“to kill”) → ttwanɣ (“to be killed”)

Forms passive counterparts to transitive verbs.


fillo-

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”).


እነ-

head

እነ- • (ʾənnä-)

Possibly related to Ge'ez እላ (ʾəla, “who”).

(non-productive) Forms plural pronouns from their masculine singular equivalents.


የ-

Used to indicate a possessor of an object; of, -'s

Used to indicate the intention of an object; (used) for

Used to indicate the time required for an action; of, -'s

Used to indicate the time in which an action is performed; during

Used to indicate the material from which an object is created; of, -en

Used to form compounds denoting a location where a goods is sold.

Occasionally used before an adjective to form an adverb; -ly


ψαρο-

Inherited from Byzantine Greek ψαρο- (psaro-). From ψάρ(ι) (psár(i), “fish”) + -ο- (-o-).

ψαρο- (psaro-) + ντουφέκι (ntouféki, “rifle”) → ψαροντούφεκο (psarontoúfeko, “speargun”)

ψαρό- (psaró-) + βάρκα (várka, “small boat, barca”) → ψαρόβαρκα (psaróvarka, “small fishihng boat”)

ψαρο- (psaro-) + κόκαλο (kókalo, “bone”) → ψαροκόκαλο (psarokókalo, “fishbone”)

ψαρ- (psar-) + αγορά (agorá, “market”) → ψαραγορά (psaragorá, “fishmarket”)


ψαρο-

From ψαρ(ός) (psar(ós), “with gray, grayish hair”) + -ο- (-o-).


god-

godparent, godmother, godfather, godchild, godkid, goddaughter, godson, godsibling, godbrother, godsister, godgrandparent, godgrandmother, godgrandfather, godgrandchild, godgranddaughter, godgrandson, godaunt, goduncle, godniece, godnephew


vic-

Back-formation from vico (“row, sequence”).

bf

vic- + prezidento (“president”) → vicprezidento (“vice president”)

vic- + reĝo (“king”) → vicreĝo (“viceroy”)

(politics) vice, in place of; subordinate to.

vic- + filo (“son”) → vicfilo (“stepson”)


סמי־

he-prefix

סמי־ • (sémi-)

שכפול סמי־קונסרבטיבי

פיזיקה סמי־קלאסית

התנהלות סמי־אנרכיסטי


baku-

→ Indonesian: baku

mutually, reciprocally, each other, one another


baku-

ciom (“to kiss”) > bakuciom (“to kiss (each other)”)

poló (“to hug”) > bakupoló (“to hug (each other)”)

cari (“to search”) > bakucari (“to search (intensively)”)


ill-

From Old Swedish ill- (“evil”). Attested since end of the 13th century. Related to illa.

ill- + vilja (“will”) → illvilja (“ill-will”)

ill- + grön (“green”) → illgrön (“very green”)

ill- + tjut (“shriek; howl”) → illtjut (“loud shriek”)


nebe-

From the particle nèbe (“not anymore, no longer”).

nebe- + norė́ti (“to want”) → nebenorė́ti (“to not want anymore”)

nebe- + verkiù (“I am crying”) → nebeverkiù (“I am not crying anymore”)

Used on all verb forms to indicate that the action no longer occurs.


æl-

Middle English: all-, al-

English: all-, al-

Scots: a'-, aw- au-

From Proto-West Germanic *ala-, from Proto-Germanic *ala- (“all, whole”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“other, beyond”), related to Proto-Germanic *allaz (“all”), which comes from *h₂elnós.

der

æl- + gylden (“golden”) → ælgylden (“made of pure gold”)

æl- + miht (“power”) → ælmiht (“omnipotence”)

æl- + mihtiġ (“powerful”) → ælmihtiġ (“all-powerful”)

æl- + nīewe (“new”) → ælnīewe (“brand new”)

æl- + mierca (“dark”) → ælmierca (“black person”)

æl- + fela (“many”) → ælfela (“very many”)


æl-

From Proto-Germanic *alja- ~ *ali-, combining form of *aljaz (“other”).


gaga-

gaga- + butil (“grain”) → gagabutil (“as small as a grain”)

used to indicate of a similarly small size: as small as; as tiny as


betweox-

betweox- + āworpen (“thrown out”) + -nes (“-ness”) → betweoxāworpennes (“interjection”)

betweox- + āleged (“laid down”) + -nes (“-ness”) → betweoxālegednes (“interposition, interjection”)

betweox- + blinnan (“stop”) + -nes (“-ness”) → betweoxblinnes (“intermission”)

betweox- + forlǣtan (“let, leave”) + -nes (“-ness”) → betweoxforlǣtnes (“intermission”)


kjerne-

From the noun kjerne (“core, nucleus”), from Old Norse kjarni, from Proto-Germanic *kernô (“core, kernel”), of *kurną (“corn, grain”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm (“grain”), possibly of *ǵr̥h₂-nós (“matured, grown old”), of both *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, mature”) and *-nóm (creates verbal adjectives from roots.).

kjernefysikk, kjernekjemi, kjernevåpen

nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, nuclear weapons

nuclear (pertaining to the nucleus of an atom)

kjerneenergiverk, kjernereaksjon

nuclear (involving energy released by nuclear reactions, such as fission, fusion and radioactive decay)

kjernebrensel

of or related to the production of nuclear energy

kjernvåpen

which utilizes the energy or explosive power of nuclear fission


Angel-

Ultimately related to the plural noun Engle (“the English,” originally “the Angles”), possibly from an unattested singular form *Angul or *Angel, related to Angel (“Anglia”), the Angles' original homeland in continental Europe, or else from a root common to all these terms. Similar prefixes exist for other peoples, in words like Wendelsǣ (“the Mediterranean,” literally “the Vandal-sea”) and Swēoland (“Sweden,” literally “Swede-land”).


ശ്രീ

head

ശ്രീ • (śrī́)


histero-

From Ancient Greek ὑστέρα (hustéra, “womb”).


आ-

Borrowed from Sanskrit आ- (ā-), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”). Distant cognate with English at and Latin ad- (whence French a-).

आ- (ā-) + प्रवास (pravās, “migration, emigration”) → आप्रवास (āpravās, “immigration”)

(non-productive) a prefix found in many Sanskrit learned borrowings, meaning "towards", "near", or "up to"; ad-, in-

आ- (ā-) + जीवन (jīvan, “life”) → आजीवन (ājīvan, “for life, lifelong”)


आ-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Sanskrit आ- (ā-)
From the postposition/preposition आ (ā).


doppel-

"It helps when she's doing non-Susany stuff, like bowling and getting close with Lucy, but she was an extroverted doppel-Susan away from the lanes."

2019 August 12, Dan Shive, El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Monday, Aug 12, 2019:

Indicating remarkable similarity to, or duplication of, the referenced person or object.


doppel-

From doppel in compounds; compare doppelt.

doppel- + Bett (“bed”) → Doppelbett (“double bed”)

doppel- + Beschluss (“decision”) → Doppelbeschluss (“double-track decision”)

doppel- + Spitze (“leadership”) → Doppelspitze (“dual leadership”)

Indicates a doubling of the following noun; double-.


maN-

Proto-Philippine: *maN-

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: mang-

Pangasinan: mang-

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: mang-

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: mang-

Bisayan

Cebuano: mang-

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *maN-

Proto-Malayic: *mAN-

Minangkabau: mang-

Malay: meng-

Indonesian: meng-

Old Javanese: (m)aN-

South Sulawesi

Makasar: aN-


홀-

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean ᄒᆞ올 (Yale: howol), from unattested earlier *ᄒᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: *howol), preserved in ᄒᆞᄫᆞᅀᅡ (Yale: hoWoza, “by oneself; alone”).
In Middle Korean, this was a noun meaning "being alone; being single"; the noun use survives in fossilized form in 홀로 (hollo, “alone; by oneself”), which incorporates the noun particle 로 (-ro, “by, with”), but is otherwise obsolete.


Allerwelts-

Allerwelts- + Name (“name”) → Allerweltsname

Allerwelts- + Geschmack (“taste”) → Allerweltsgeschmack (“basic taste”)

Allerwelts- + Wort (“word”) → Allerweltswort

(sometimes derogatory) Used to indicate something basic or banal; basic, everyday


що-

head

що- • (ščo-)

що- (ščo-) + ра́нку (ránku) → щора́нку (ščoránku, “every morning, each morning”)

що- (ščo-) + дня (dnja) → щодня́ (ščodnjá, “every day, each day”)

що- (ščo-) + ти́жня (týžnja) → щоти́жня (ščotýžnja, “every week, each week”)

Forms adverbs and adjectives denoting occurrence in each of a given time period

день (denʹ, “day”) → щоде́нний (ščodénnyj, “daily”)

мі́сяць (mísjacʹ, “month”) → щомі́сячний (ščomísjačnyj, “monthly”)

рік (rik, “year”) → щорі́чний (ščoríčnyj, “annual, yearly”)


aktyno-

mikoza + aktyno- → aktynomikoza


akusto-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀκουστῐκός (akoustikós).

lbor

optyka + akusto- → akustooptyka


akwa-

kultura + akwa- → akwakultura


kseno-

kseno- + -filia → ksenofilia


purba-

From Malay purba (“ancient”), from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva). Doublet of purwa.


purwa-

From Javanese ꦥꦸꦂꦮ (purwa, “ancient, beginning”), from Old Javanese pūrwa (“beginning, front, eastern”), from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva). Doublet of purba.


ⲗⲉϥ-

From Demotic rmt jw.f (“one who”), from Egyptian rmṯ jw.f (“a person – he …”).

(Fayyumic) forms agent nouns from verbs; one who …, one that …


asta-

From Malay asta, from Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭa), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.


daktilo-

From New Latin dactylo-, from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).


dasa-

From Malay dasa, from Sanskrit दश (dáśa), from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Doublet of deka-.


oksy-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús).


oksy-

oksy- + -biont → anoksybiont


kortyko-

kortyko- + -tropina → kortykotropina


þjóð-

From Proto-Germanic *þiudijaz. Cognate with Old English þēod- (e.g. in þēodcyning, corresponding to Old Norse þjóðkonungr).


Colombo-

the savannas of Colombo-Venezuelan llanos


Sudano-

Sudano-Sahelian

Sudano-Guinean


Osco-

the Osco-Umbrian group of dialects

the Osco-Latin alphabet


Tataro-

[…] the Muslim socialist regiment, aided by the Tataro-Bashkir battalion sent from Moscow […]

1980, Alexandre A. Bennigsen, S. Enders Wimbush, Muslim National Communism in the Soviet Union, page 143:


Ugando-

the Ugando-Sudan frontier

By June 1998, the Congolese people started openly complaining that the Ugando-Rwandan forces that helped Kabila remove Mobutu were not conducting themselves as pan-Africanists, but were rather behaving like occupation forces […]

2000, Yaa-Lengi M. Ngemi, Genocide in the Congo (Zaire), page 70:


kontr-

kontr- + wywiad → kontrwywiad


awio-

awio- + -fon → awiofon


asteno-

asteno- + sfera → astenosfera


baty-

baty- + -metr → batymetr


chrysto-

chrysto- + -logia → chrystologia


chalko-

chalko- + -grafia → chalkografia


daktylo-

daktylo- + -grafia → daktylografia


choreo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek χορεία (khoreía).

choreo- + -graphy → choreography

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


choreo-

choreo- + -grafia → choreologia


diafano-

From Ancient Greek διαφανής (diaphanḗs).

diafano- + -metr → diafanometr


egzo-

egzo- + biologia → egzobiologia


arytmo-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀριθμό- (arithmó-).

lbor

arytmo- + -graf → arytmograf


encefalo-

From Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos).

encefalo- + -gram → encefalogram


gineko-

gineko- + -logia → ginekologia


ftyzjo-

ftyzjo- + -logia → ftyzjologia


granulo-

granulo- + -cyt → granulocyt


grawi-

grawi- + -metr → grawimetr


gliko-

gliko- + -gen → glikogen


galakto-

galakto- + -grafia → galaktografia


gloso-

gloso- + -grafia → glosografia


fizjo-

fizjo- + geografia → fizjogeografia

fizjo- + terapia → fizjoterapia


higro-

higro- + -fobia → higrofobia


hilo-

hilo- + biologia → hilobiologia


hipso-

hipso- + -metria → hipsometria


heks-

heks- + -gen → heksogen


żyro-

żyro- + kompas → żyrokompas


galwano-

Internationalism; compare English galvano-.

galwano- + plastyka → galwanoplastyka


franko-

Internationalism; compare English Franco-.

franko- + -fobia → frankofobia


hali-

hali- + -metr → halimetr


hali-

it does not, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ji class_((V))]] negative subject concord

For a full table including first and second person


പുനഃ-

പുനഃപ്രവേശനം പുനഃപ്രവേശനം


fa-

fa- + abo (“to be wounded”) → faabo (“to wound (someone)”)

fa- + gei (“to be dead”) → fagei (“to kill”)

fa- + kou (“to break (intr.)”) → fokou (“to break (tr.)”)

fa- + dadi (“to become”) → fadadi (“to cause to become”)

fa- + milinga (“to think of, love”) → femilinga (“to make (someone) think of”)

derives causatives from intransitive and transitive verbs

fa- + carita (“story”) → facarita (“to tell (a story)”)

fa- + galeng (“to scold, berate”) → fagaleng (“to scold, berate each other”)

fa- + ruju (“to thump”) → foruju (“to thump each other”)


hipno-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὕπνο- (húpno-).

hipno- + -pedia → hipnopedia

hipno- + -logia → hipnologia


hipno-

hipno- + -logia → hipnologia

hipno- + terapia → hipnoterapia


hipno-

hipno- + -logia → hipnologia

hipno- + terapia → hipnoterapia


mefe-

Possibly related to Ternate maku-; note the irregular form mofu-.

mefe- + kerekiri (“to tickle”) → mefekerekiri (“to tickle each other”)

mefe- + isi (“to kiss”) → mefeisi (“to kiss each other”)

mefe- + mete (“to follow”) → mofumete (“to go together, accompany each other”)


fala-

Compared by Collins to Asilulu pala-, also a habitual prefix.

fala- + bori (“to sharpen”) → folobori (“to sharpen (likely of a continuous nature)”)

fala- + jejela (“a broom”) → felejela (“to sweep”)

fala- + udu (“to blow”) → foloudu (“to smoke (cigarettes, etc.)”)

derives verbs of continuous/habitual activity


vastin-

vastinsivut


yltiö-

yltiö- + positiivinen (“positive”) → yltiöpositiivinen (“overtly positive”)


sapta-

From Sanskrit सप्त, सप्तन् (sapta, saptan, “seven”), from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥. Doublet of hepta-.

bor

सप्त, सप्तन्


kuasi-

From Dutch quasi-, kwasi-, from Latin quasi (“as if”).


manca-

Clipping of mancanegara (“foreign country; international”), from Javanese ꦩꦚ꧀ꦕꦤꦒꦫ (mancanagara, “outer provinces; overseas”), from Old Javanese mañcanagara, from Sanskrit मञ्च (mañca, “throne”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”).


nawa-

From Malay nawa, from Sanskrit नव, नवन् (nava, navan, “nine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


staphylo-

From Ancient Greek σταφυλή (staphulḗ, “bunch of grapes”).

der

pertaining to a microorganism cluster with a grape-like arrangement


অন-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अन- (ana-). Doublet of অ- (o-).

lbor

অনভিজ্ঞ (onbhijno), অনুর্বর (onurbor)

a-, an-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, -less, mal-, mis-, non-, un-; when prefixed by a word that begins with a vowel


অন্

অনভিজ্ঞ (onbhijno), অনুর্বর (onurbor)


проти-

From про́ти (próty, “against”). Compare Russian противо- (protivo-), Belarusian проці- (próci-), Polish przeciw-, Czech proti-.

проти- (proty-) + отру́та (otrúta, “poison”) → протиотру́та (protyotrúta, “antidote”, literally “anti-poison”)

проти- (proty-) + та́нковий (tánkovyj, “tank (attributive)”) → протита́нковий (protytánkovyj, “antitank”)

проти- (proty-) + ді́яти (díjaty, “to act”) → протиді́яти (protydíjaty, “to counteract”)


letzt-

Letztgeborener


ikapag-

[ʔɪ.xɐˈpaɡ̚]

ikapag- + aral (“study”) → ikapag-aral (“to be the reason for studying”) (from mag-aral)

ikapag- + hirap (“poor”) → ikapaghirap (“to be the reason for becoming poor”) (from maghirap)

used to form verbs with causative focus, denoting the reason for doing something (for mag- verbs)


അ-

distal demonstrative marker; e.g. അവൻ (avaṉ, “he (proximal)”).


അ-

അ- (a-) + പൂർണ്ണം (pūṟṇṇaṁ, “complete”) → അപൂർണ്ണം (apūṟṇṇaṁ, “incomplete”)


ⲁ-

From Egyptian ỉrỉ (“to make, to do”) or Egyptian ỉrj (“to make, to do”).D4

(Sahidic, Akhmimic, Bohairic, Fayyumic) verbal prefix of perfect, pluperfect and aorist tenses


ⲁ⸗

(Sahidic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan, Fayyumic, Bohairic) verbal prefix of perfect, pluperfect and aorist tenses


নও-

From Classical Persian نو (naw), which is from Middle Persian 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nōg), from Old Persian 𐎴𐎺 (n-v), from Proto-Iranian *náwah, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *néwos (compare Greek νέος (néos), Russian но́вый (nóvyj), Italian nuovo and English new). Doublet of নয়া (noẏa) and নওয়ালি (noōẇali).


пʼ-

иф пʼӈафӄху пʼрывур итть = Heᵢ said that hisᵢ friends had come. (Amur)

яӈ пʼӈафӄхун пʼрывур итнд = Heᵢ said that hisᵢ friends had come. (Sakhalin)

(Amur, Sakhalin, possessive, reflexive) With nouns, marks reflexive possession. Can correspond to my, your, their (own), etc. depending on the antecedent.

(Amur, Sakhalin, reflexive) With verbs, marks reflexivity. Can correspond to myself, yourself, themselves, etc. depending on the antecedent.


kriminal-

Borrowed from Latin criminalis (“criminal”), attested since 1610.


pā-

Prefix to many bases, with general meaning of “in the nature of, having the quality of.”


ciné-

From Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō, “to move”).


ciné-

(film, relational) cinematography; cine-


arthr-

Alternative form of arthro- (before a vowel)


angi-

Alternative form of angio- (before a vowel)


mys-

English: mis-

Scots: mis-

From Old English mis-, from Proto-West Germanic *missa-, from Proto-Germanic *missa-. Reinforced by Old French mes-, ultimately from the same Proto-Germanic source.
While forms in -y- are definitely partly attributable to a desire to avoid the confusion of minims, they may have been encouraged by association with words such as mysterie.


prefrontaali-

Combining form of prefrontaalinen (“prefrontal”)


wak-

I ____ (patient)

She/It ____ me


wak-

I ____ (patient)

She/It ____ me


testiculo-

From New Latin, among many such combining forms.


sklero-

sklero- + -oza → skleroza


iakeni-

We two (not you) _____


tewa-

We all (incl. you) ____ (agent)


teni-

Me and you _______

first person dual inclusive agent pronominal prefix


seni-

you two ______ (agent)

you two ______ (patient)


seni-

both of your’s ______


luki-

luku ja kirjoitus. Originally in lukihäiriö, shortened from luku- ja kirjoitushäiriö

Pertaining to dyslexia or reading or writing ability in general.


p͛-

Orthographic borrowing from Medieval Latin p͛-, an abbreviation of prae- (whence English pre-).

obor

(siglum, obsolete) Scribal abbreviation of pre-.


p͛-

(Medieval Latin) Scribal abbreviation of prae-.


പുനർ-

പുനരാരംഭം പുനരാരംഭം


പരി-

പരി- (pari-) + പാലനം (pālanaṁ, “protection, care”) → പരിപാലനം (paripālanaṁ, “maintenance”)


iakwa-

We (not you) ______

first person plural exclusive agent pronominal prefix


sewa-

you (p) ______ (agent)

you (p) ______ (patient)


sewa-

your (p) ______


konti-

They (f.) ______

third person feminine plural agent pronominal prefix


rati-

third person masculine plural agent pronominal prefix


keni-

I ______ you two

We two ______ you

We two ______ you two


ꝓ-

Orthographic borrowing from Medieval Latin ꝓ-, an abbreviation of pro- (whence English pro-).

⸿Here begynneth a deuout treatyſe in Englyſſhe / called the Pylgrimage of perfection: very ꝓfitable foꝛ all chꝛiſten people to rede: and in eſpeciall / to all relygious ꝑſons moche neceſſary.

1526, [William Bonde], […] [T]he Pylgrimage of Perfection: […], London: […] Richarde Pynson […], →OCLC, title page:

(obsolete) Scribal abbreviation of pro-.


ꝓ-

(Medieval Latin) Scribal abbreviation of pro-.


rao-

his ______

third person masculine singular possessive prefix


iesa-

She/someone ____ you

They ____ you


khe-

I ____ her/someone

I ____ them


rak-

He ____ me


onkwa-

our (pl.) ______


ia-

He ____ you


onkeni-

Both of our’s ______


arki-

Borrowed from English archi-, French archi-, Italian arci-, Portuguese arqui-, Spanish arqui-, all ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-).

arki- + anjelo (“angel”) → arkianjelo (“archangel”)

arki- + duko (“duke”) → arkiduko (“archduke”)

arki- + episkopo (“bishop”) → arkiepiskopo (“archbishop”)


iako-

She/it ___ (patient)

She/it ____ it/s.o.

She/it ____ them


ionkeni-

first person dual patient pronominal prefix


sang-

From clipping of isa (“one”) + -ng. Compare Malay se-.

sang- + ayon (“affirming”) → sang-ayon (“affirmative”)

sang- + katutak (“multitude”) → sangkatutak (“numerous”)

forms nouns or adjectives to denote wholeness


san-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sam- (“together”).

(before dental and velar consonants (t, d, k, g)) denotes a combination or joining of elements: together, co-, con-, syn-

są́-

before resonant consonants (r, l, m, n, j, v)


san-

alternative form of sang-, with roots that begin with ⟨d⟩, ⟨l⟩, ⟨r⟩, ⟨s⟩, ⟨t⟩


shako-

He ____ her/someone

He ____ them


ionkwa-

we ______

first person plural patient pronominal prefix


roti-

third person masculine dual/plural patient pronominal prefix


ioti-

third person feminine/indefinite/neuter dual/plural patient pronominal prefix


icosi-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”).


tova-

száll (“to fly”) → tovaszáll (“to fly away”)


vesiculo-

vesicula (vesicle) (cutaneous or mucosal); blister.

(loosely, catachrestically) vesico-: vesica (bladder).


tak-

You ____ me


tak-

akkwetak hinšušte takíššetekne

I don't know what it was that made me sick

ekwáttin takéṭina


vattu-

An archaic form of vatten (“water”) still used in certain compounds, from vatten + -u-.


efn-

Middle English: even-, euen-

English: even-

From the adjective efn, descended from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz.

efn- + eald (“old”) → efneald (“of the same age”)

efn- + gōd (“good”) → efngōd (“just as good”)

efn- + niht (“night”) → efnniht (“equinox”)

efn- + heorte (“heart”) → efnheorte (“harmony, concord”)

efn- + cempa (“soldier”) → efncempa (“fellow soldier”)

efn- + þrōwian (“to suffer”) → efnþrōwian (“to sympathize”)

efn- + wyrċan (“to work”) → efnwyrċan (“to work together, cooperate”)

efn- + wyrhta (“worker”) → efnwyrhta (“co-worker”)


popo-

popo- + jít → popojít


shonkwa-

He ____ us


poza-

poza- + maciczny → pozamaciczny


houbit-

Middle High German: houbet-

German: haupt-

From Proto-West Germanic *haubida- (“main”), derived from the noun *haubid (“head”) (Old High German houbit). Cognate with Old Saxon hōvid-, Old Frisian hāved-, and Old English hēafod-.

houbit- + burg (“city”) → houbitburg (“capital”)

houbit- + man (“man”) → houbitman (“captain”)

houbit- + sunta (“sin”) → houbitsunta (“deadly sin”)


hovid-

German Low German: höövd-

From Proto-West Germanic *haubida- (“main”), derived from the noun *haubid (“head”) (Old Saxon hōvid). Cognate with Old Frisian hāved-, Old English hēafod-, and Old High German houbit-.

hōvid- + stedi (“city”) → hōvidstedi (“capital”)


heafod-

Middle English: heed

English: head

From Proto-West Germanic *haubida- (“main”), derived from the noun *haubid (“head”) (Old English hēafod). Cognate with Old Frisian hāved-, Old Saxon hōvid-, Old Dutch hōvit-, and Old High German houbit-.

hēafod- + burg (“city”) → hēafodburg (“capital”)

hēafod- + ċiriċe (“church”) → hēafodċiriċe (“cathedral”)

hēafod- + mann (“person”) → hēafodmann (“captain”)

hēafod- + synn (“sin”) → hēafodsynn (“deadly sin”)

hēafod- + weġ (“road”) → hēafodweġ (“main road”)


haubida-

desctree

Old English: hēafod-
Middle English: heed
English: head

Old Frisian: hāved-

West Frisian: haad-

Old Saxon: hōvid-, hōƀid-
German Low German: höövd-

Old Dutch: hōvit-

Middle Dutch: hôvet-

Dutch: hoofd-

Old High German: houbit-

Middle High German: houbet-

German: haupt-


haved-

West Frisian: haad-

From Proto-West Germanic *haubida- (“main”), derived from the noun *haubid (“head”) (Old Frisian hāved). Cognate with Old English hēafod-, Old Saxon hōvid-, Old Dutch hōvit-, and Old High German houbit-.


hovit-

Middle Dutch: hôvet-

Dutch: hoofd-

From Proto-West Germanic *haubida- (“main”), derived from the noun *haubid (“head”) (Old Dutch hōvit). Cognate with Old High German houbit-, Old Saxon hōvid-, Old Frisian hāved-, and Old English hēafod-.


phanero-

From Ancient Greek φανερός (phanerós, “visible, manifest”).


aoti-

their ______

third person feminine/indefinite/neuter dual/plural possessive prefix


shonkeni-

He ____ us two


raoti-

their (m) ______

third person masculine dual/plural possessive prefix


שטיפֿ־

From Middle High German stief-, from Old High German stiof-, from Proto-West Germanic *steupa-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“bereft, pushed out”). Cognate with German stief-.


stégo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στέγος (stégos, “roof”).


ichtyo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús, “fish”).


दुष्-

head

दुष्- • (duṣ-)


takeni-

you ____ us two

you two ____ me

you two ____ us two


takwa-

you (sg) ____ us (pl.)

you (sg) ____ us two

you two ____ us (pl.)

you (pl) ____ me

you (pl) ____ us two

you (pl) ____ us all (pl)


від-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ-; see *otъ for further information.


ionk-

She/someone ______ me

They ______ me


𐕊𐔴-

𐕊𐔴- (č̣e-, “out”) + 𐔱𐕒𐕄𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎 (boḳesun, “to lead”) → 𐕊𐔴𐔱𐕒𐕄𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎 (č̣eboḳesun, “to thrust out”)

preverb giving the meaning out, away or toward


ronwa-

She/Someone ______ him

They ______ him


tshitewa-

We (incl. you) ______ him


tshisewa-

You (pl) ______ him


iakhi-

we (excl) ____ her/someone

we (excl) ____ them


konwa-

She/someone ______ her/it

They ______ her/it


най-

From Proto-Slavic *naj-. From parts *na and particle *i. Approximates to prefix *nad-. Compare Russian наи- (nai-), Polish naj-, Serbo-Croatian naj-, Slovak naj- Slovene naj-, Czech nej-, Macedonian нај- (naj-), Bulgarian най- (naj-).

най- (naj-) + більший (bilʹšyj) → найбі́льший (najbílʹšyj)

най- (naj-) + новіший (novišyj) → найновіший (najnovišyj)

най- (naj-) + нижчий (nyžčyj) → найнижчий (najnyžčyj)

prefix added to the comparative form of adjectives and adverbs to form the superlative form


grotten-

* Possibly from dialectal Krotte (“toad”) + -n-. Compare hunde-, from Hund (“dog”).
* Alternatively from Grotte (“grotto”) + -n-. Compare Italian grottesco (“grotesque”), from grotta (“cave, grotto”).

grotten- + schlecht (“bad”) → grottenschlecht (“awful”)

grotten- + doof → grottendoof

(informal) Intensifies adjectives that denote undesirable qualities.


hō-

(before an okina followed by a short vowel, or before long vowels) Synonym of hoʻo-


hoʻ-

emi (“cheap”) → hoʻēmi (“cheapen, diminish”)

(prevocalic, occurs before and lengthens the initial vowels a, e and sometimes i) Synonym of hoʻo-

occurs before and lengthens the initial vowels a; e and sometimes i; occurs before and lengthens the initial vowels a; e and sometimes i


teʔ

Northern Iroquoian:

Mohawk: te-


vari-

From New Latin, from Latin varius (“various, diverse”).


vari-

From Proto-Oceanic *paʀi-, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *paʀi-.


dag-

desc

Irish: dea-, deagh- (superseded), deá- (Cois Fharraige)

Scottish Gaelic: deagh


finno-

Finno- (Relating to Finland or the Finnish)


japano-

Japano- (Relating to Japan or the Japanese)


méro-

From Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”).


génio-

From Ancient Greek γένειον (géneion, “chin”).


mnémo-

From Ancient Greek μνήμη (mnḗmē, “memory”).


hystéro-

From Ancient Greek ὑστέρα (hustéra, “womb”).


quint-

Learned borrowing from Latin quīntus (“fifth”).


อติ

th-prefix

อติ • (à-dtì)

/ʔa˨˩.tiʔ˨˩/


อภิ

อภิ • (à-pí)

/ʔa˨˩.pʰiʔ˦˥/

Borrowed from Pali abhi-. Compare Lao ອະພິ (ʼa phi).


integro-

an integro-differential equation

(mathematics) Of or pertaining to integration


twa-

We all (including you) _______

first person inclusive plural agent pronominal prefix


séléno-

From Ancient Greek σελήνη (selḗnē, “moon”).


Turkmeno-

the Turkmeno-Khorassan mountains


ö'-

allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix)


o'-

allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix).


öt-

From Proto-Cariban *ôte-; cognate to Apalaí ot-, Kari'na ot-, Trió ët-, Wayana ët-, Hixkaryana os-, Waiwai et-, Akawaio è-, s-, Macushi es-, Pemon es-.

Converts a transitive verb into an intransitive verb with an agent-like argument, variously with reflexive, reciprocal, or passive meaning.


野良

野良イヌ


yakni-

Us two (not you) _______

first person exclusive dual agent pronominal prefix


yukni-

_______ us two

first person dual patient pronominal prefix


yakwa-

We (not you) _______

first person exclusive plural agent pronominal prefix


sni-

you two _______

second person dual agent pronominal prefix

_______ you two

second person dual patient pronominal prefix


sni-

you two _______

_______ you two


yukwa-

_______ us

first person plural patient pronominal prefix


tni-

Me and you _______

first person inclusive dual agent pronominal prefix


iontat-

She/someone ______ her/someone


ionkhi-

She/someone ______ us

They ______ us


iethi-

Me and you ______ her/someone

We all (incl. you) ______ her/someone

Me and you ______ them

We all (incl. you) ______ them


ietshi-

She/Someone ______ you two

She/Someone ______ you all

They ______ you two

They ______ you all


ö-

Marks a noun as having a second-person possessor.

Marks a postposition as having a second-person object.

Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person patient/object when the agent/subject is of third person with verb forms that take series I markers.

Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person patient/object when the agent/subject is unspecified with verb forms that take series II markers.

Marks an intransitive verb with patient-like argument as having a second-person argument/subject with verb forms that take series I markers and on all intransitive verbs with verb forms that take series II markers.

Marks a verb form derived with n- and -dü or -'jüdü as having a second-person agent/subject.


tü-

Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a w or that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel other than u or i.


ü-

Allomorph of y- (first-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants and have a first vowel other than u.


kü-

Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel other than u or i.


shakwa-

We all (not you) ______ him


tshiseni-

We (not you) ____ him


shakeni-

We two (not you) ______ him


tshiteni-

me and you ____ him


shakoti-

They (m) ______ her/someone

They (m) ______ them


ay-

ay- + oma (“to get dry”) → ayoma (“he/she gets dry”)

Form used before a verb beginning with a vowel (that is not -a- or subjunctive -e-) of a-


ay-

(Caura River dialect) allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel a or e


chö-

allomorph of y- (third-person prefix) used for postposition stems that begin with a consonant j, n, w, or y


öy-

(Caura River dialect) allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a vowel i, ö, or ü


küm-

Allomorph of kün- (distant past third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with j and have a first vowel other than u or i.


kim-

Allomorph of kün- (distant past third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with j and have a first vowel i.


möni-

Allomorph of mön- (first-person agent/second-person patient prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants.


möm-

Allomorph of mön- (first-person agent/second-person patient prefix) used for stems that begin with j.


kini-

Allomorph of kün- (distant past third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants.


mön-

Marks a transitive verb as having a first-person or first-person-dual-exclusive agent/subject and a second-person patient/object.


kün-

Marks a transitive verb in a distant past tense (perfective -i or imperfective -akö) as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.

Marks an intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument in a distant past tense (perfective -i or imperfective -akö) as having a third-person argument/subject.


öö-

Marks a noun, and specifically a kinship term, as having a reciprocal possessor: each other’s.

Marks a postposition as having a reciprocal object: each other.


plati-

From Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús). Doublet of chato and prato.

platy- (flat - forming scientific terms)


öni-

allomorph of ön- (negative/sociative irrealis prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants.


öm-

allomorph of ön- (negative/sociative irrealis prefix) used for stems that begin with m or j.


𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸-

𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸- (nut-, negator) + 𐔱𐔼𐕂𐔰𐔺 (bic̣ay, “corruption”) → 𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸𐔱𐔼𐕂𐔰𐔺 (nutbic̣ay, “without corruption”)


umbilico-

From international scientific vocabulary, from a New Latin combining form, from Classical Latin umbilicus; compare also the synonymous prefix at omphalo- § Etymology; as explained at ὀμφαλός § Etymology, all of these words are cognates ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root.

umbilicoplacental

umbilicoplasty

Of or relating to the umbilicus (navel).


𗱢-

Downward directional indicative verbal prefix.


𗈪-

Upward directional indicative verbal prefix.

𗡄𘒑𗈪𘒑𘃡

𗹦𗗙𗥦𗈪𗉘𘟣


𗋚-

𗋚𘙎

Departing or outside-wards directional indicative verbal prefix.


𘙌-

Approaching or inside-wards directional indicative verbal prefix.


ψευδό-

ψευδο- ψευδο-#Greek


ψευδ-

French: pseud-

Greek: ψευδ- (psevd-)


ψευδ-

Inherited from Ancient Greek ψευδ- (pseud-)

ψευδο- ψευδο-#Greek

Alternative form of ψευδο- (psevdo-), before a vowel.


พันธ

Borrowed from Sanskrit बन्ध (bandha) or Pali bandha.

พันธะ พันธะ#Thai


μεσ-

μεσ- (mes-) + -ώροφος (-órofos, “-floor”) → μεσώροφος (mesórofos, “mezzanine, entresol, literally: middle floor”)

μεσο- μεσο-#Greek

Alternative form of μεσο- (meso-) before a vowel


troglo-

From Ancient Greek τρώγλη (trṓglē, “cave”).


arsch-

arsch- + kalt (“cold”) → arschkalt (“bitterly cold”)

arsch- + Ruhe (“silence”) → Arschruhe (“dead silence, indisturbable silence”)

(vulgar, informal) Intensifies nouns and adjectives.


affen-

Affe (“ape”) + -n-. Compare hunde-, sau-.

affen- + Hitze (“heat”) → Affenhitze (“extreme heat”)

affen- + Zahn (“high speed”) → Affenzahn (“breakneck speed”)

(informal, sometimes derogatory) Intensifies nouns and adjectives.


นิร

นิร • (ní-rá)


ûn-

From Old Frisian un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-. Cognates include Saterland Frisian uun- and English un-.

Used to form nouns denoting a lack of the prefixed noun; un-

Used to form adjectives meaning the lack of the characteristic of the suffixed adjective; un-


magkaka-

magkaka- + salubong (“encounter”) → magkakasalubong (“will meet unexpectedly”)

prefix for contemplative aspect of verbs with actor focus and causative mood: will occur involuntarily or unexpectedly

magkaka- + kotse (“car”) → magkakakotse (“will get a car”)

prefix for contemplative aspect of verbs with actor focus and causative mood: will come to have or possess


nagka-

Prefix for completed aspects of verbs with actor focus and causative mood: to have occurred involuntarily or unexpectedly

nagka- + salubong (“encounter”) → nagkasalubong (“to have met unexpectedly”)

Prefix for completed aspects of verbs with actor focus and causative mood: to have come to have or possess

nagka- + kotse (“car”) → nagkakotse (“to have gotten a car”)


nagkaka-

nagkaka- + salubong (“encounter”) → nagkakasalubong (“meeting unexpectedly”)

prefix for progressive aspect of verbs with actor focus and causative mood: occurring involuntarily or unexpectedly

nagkaka- + kotse (“car”) → nagkakakotse (“getting a car”)

Prefix for progressive aspect of verbs with actor focus and causative mood: coming to have or possess


অগা

Structurally, by Bengali suffixation of অগ (og) + -আ (-a). অগ (og) here derives from Sanskrit अज्ञ (ajña) [অজ্ঞ (ôggõ)]. Alternatively, it may have derived from Bengali অঘা (ogha).


অঘা-

Structurally, by Bengali suffixation of অগ (og) + -আ (-a). অগ (og) here derives from Sanskrit अज्ञ (ajña) [অজ্ঞ (ôggõ)]. Alternatively, by Bengali suffixation of অঘ (ogh) + -আ (-a). Here, অঘ (ogh) derives from Sanskrit अघ (agha).


অঘা

Structurally, by Bengali suffixation of অঘ (ogh) + -আ (-a). Here, অঘ (ogh) derives from Sanskrit अघ (agha). (See also: অগা)


yliääni-

From yli- (“over, past”) + ääni (“sound, voice”). Calque of English hypersonic.


mucoso-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from mucosus.

(medicine, uncommon) mucosal: referring to a mucosa (i.e., a mucous membrane).


nephr-

Alternative form of nephro- (before a vowel)


υπερ-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὑπερ- (huper-); often used as a calque of translingual hyper- or a semantic loan of French ultra-, French trans-, English super-, English over-, German über- and other similar prefixes.

lbor

υπερ- (yper-) + ηχητικός (ichitikós, “sonic”) → υπερηχητικός (yperichitikós, “supersonic”)

υπερ- (yper-) + ιώδης (iódis, “violet”) → υπεριώδης (yperiódis, “ultraviolet”)

υπέρ- (ypér-) + λαμπρός (lamprós, “bright”) → υπέρλαμπρος (ypérlampros, “superbright”)

υπέρ- (ypér-) + τάση (tási, “tension”) → υπέρταση (ypértasi, “hypertension”)

υπερ- (yper-) + ωκεάνιος (okeánios, “oceanic”) → υπερωκεάνιος (yperokeánios, “transoceanic”)

hyper-, super-, ultra-, trans- (often in semanic loans and calques)


υπερ-

From French per- in the chemical sense, under the paretymological influence of ὑπερ- (huper-).

υπερ- (yper-) + ανθρακικός (anthrakikós, “carbonate”) → υπερανθρακικός (yperanthrakikós, “percarbonate”)

υπερ- (yper-) + οξείδιο (oxeídio, “oxide”) → υπεροξείδιο (yperoxeídio, “peroxide”)

(inorganic chemistry) forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of oxygen or highest oxidation state of the central atom in a compound


ψιλο-

ψιλ(ός) (psil(ós), “thin”) + -ο- (-o-, interfix).

af

ψιλο- (psilo-) + κόβω (kóvo, “I cut”) → ψιλοκόβω (psilokóvo, “I cut thinly”)

ψιλο- (psilo-) + φλούδα f (floúda, “rind”) → ψιλόφλουδος (psilófloudos, “with thin rind”) (especially for fruit)

prefix denoting that the second combining form...

ψιλο- (psilo-) + δουλειά f (douleiá, “work”) → ψιλοδουλειά (psilodouleiá)

ψιλο- (psilo-) + πράγματα n pl (prágmata, “things”) → ψιλοπράγματα (psiloprágmata, “unimportant things”)


sk-

You ____ me


pooli-

Combining form of pooli (“half”). Akin to Finnish puoli-.


pakiki-

From reduplication of paki- on the second syllable.

sama (“inclusion”) = pakiki- + sama → pakikisama (“act of maintaning relationships”)

damay (“implication”) = pakiki- + damay → pakikiramay (“act of giving condolence”)

baka (“battle of two minds”) = pakiki- + baka → pakikibaka (“act of participating in battle”)

apid (“concubinage”) = pakiki- + apid → pakikiapid (“adultery; fornication”)

pakiusap (“request”) > pakiki- + usap (“conversation”) → pakikiusap (“act of requesting”)

pakialam (“concern”) > pakiki- + alam (“understanding”) → pakikialam (“act of meddling”)

used to form nouns referring to the habit or repetitive act of doing what the root refers to


h-

na h-aibhnichean

gu h-àlainn

cho h-àrd ri craobh


pääly-

From pääl- + -u. Compare päälys, päällys.

päälykerros

päälyhousut

(dialectal) Alternative form of päällys- (“top, toplayer, over-”)-


alu-

alukerros

aluhousut

alupatja

(dialectal) Alternative form of alus- (“underlay, base, under”)-


alu-

From ali- + -u. Akin to dialectal Finnish alu-.


tre-

Middle Irish: tri-, tré-

Irish: tré-

Prefixed form of tri (“through”). Its pretonic form tremi- arose under the influence of rem- (“pre-, before”).


labim-

From labi + -m- (compound enclitic interfix).

labim- + pito (“seven”) → labimpito (“seventeen”)

Alternative form of labing-: cardinal prefix, denoting excess over the count of ten, if the next stem in the compound starts with the letter ⟨b⟩ or ⟨p⟩

labing-

default prefix for compound with next stem starting with a vowel.

labin- — for compound with next stem starting with the letter ⟨d⟩


labin-

From labi + -n- (compound enclitic interfix).

labin- + dalawa (“two”) → labindalawa (“twelve”)

labin- + tatlo (“three”) → labintatlo (“fourteen”)

labin- + lima (“five”) → labinlima (“fifteen”)

labin- + siyam (“nine”) → labinsiyam (“nineteen”)

Alternative form of labing-: cardinal prefix, denoting excess over the count of ten


labing-

From labi (“excess”) + -ng- (compound enclitic interfix). labing-isa would literally mean 1 excess from 10, with 10 implied.

labing- + isa (“one”) → labing-isa (“eleven”)

labing- + apat (“four”) → labing-apat (“fourteen”)

labing- + anim (“six”) → labing-anim (“sixteen”)

labing- + walo (“eight”) → labingwalo (“eighteen”)

Cardinal prefix, denoting excess over the count of ten, if the next stem in the compound starts with a vowel or ⟨w⟩.

labim- — for compound with next stem starting with the letter ⟨b⟩


rem-

The prefix counterpart to the preposition ré (“before”).

rem- + téit (“to go”) → remi·tét (“to go before, precede”)

rem- + as·beir (“to say”) → remi·epir (“to say, mention beforehand”)

rem- + suidigud (“position”) → remsuidigud (“preposition”)


ai̯-

ai̯- + büst → ai̯büst

ai̯- + lümĕt → ai̯lümĕt

ai̯- + bezăt → ai̯bezăt


rachi-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from New Latin rachis, from Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, ridge”).


ψυχ-

psukh- (romanization)
ψῡχ- (alternative)

ψυχ- (psukh-) + ἀγωγός (agōgós, “leading, escorting”) → ψῡχᾰγωγός (psūkhagōgós, “leading souls -to Hades-”)

alternative form of ψῡχο- (psūkho-), used before a vowel


ψυχ-

ψυχ- (psych-) + ιατρική (iatrikí, “medicine”) → ψυχιατρική (psychiatrikí, “psychiatry”)

ψυχο- ψυχο-#Greek

alternative form of ψυχο- (psycho-) when followed by vowel


éroto-

From Ancient Greek ἔρως, ἔρωτος (érōs, érōtos, “love”).

ἔρως, ἔρωτος


ސިރީ

head

ސިރީ • (sirī-)

honorific prefix used in the names of sultans and kings


bonna-

From bonne, a south Swedish dialectal form of bonde (“farmer”), interfixed with -a-.

(colloquial) relating to farmers or farming

bonnig

associated with (stereotyped views of) the countryside and countryfolk


cervici-

Of or relating to the neck or cervical vertebrae.


ഉൾ-

From ഉള്ള് (uḷḷŭ).

ഉൾക്കണ്ണ് (uḷkkaṇṇŭ), ഉൾക്കരുത്ത് (uḷkkaruttŭ), ഉൾക്കാമ്പ് (uḷkkāmpŭ), ഉൾക്കാഴ്ച (uḷkkāḻca), ഉൾപ്പൊരുൾ (uḷpporuḷ), ഉൾപ്പോര് (uḷppōrŭ)

ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുക (uḷkkoḷḷuka), ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തുക (uḷppeṭuttuka)

Coordinate term: അക- (aka-)


maroco-

Moroccan; a combining form relating to Morocco


വി-

വി- (vi-) + ഫലം (phalaṁ, “fruit, result”) → വിഫലം (viphalaṁ, “fruitless, useless”)

Prefix to express division, distinction, distribution, arrangement, order, opposition, or deliberation.


mapang-

mapang- + akit → mapang-akit (“attractive”)

mapang- + lustay → mapanlustay (“wasteful”)

used to form adjectives: characteristic of; causing; tending to


dk-

Coordinate term: d- (deci-)

(SI prefix, metrology) deka- (“×10¹”); Alternative form of da- (“deca-”)


ஶ்ரீ

ஶ்ரீ • (śrī́)


ஶ்ரீ

ஶ்ரீ • (śrī)

Borrowed from Sanskrit श्री (śrī). Doublet of திரு (tiru).

(honorific) holy, sacred, respected; Shri


vrål-

Hon är vrålsnygg


அ-

distal demonstrative marker; e.g. அவன் "he (distal)".


அ-

அசைவம் அசைவம்

un-; e.g. சைவம் "veg food" > அசைவம் "non-veg food".


ta̱i

From Chinese 第 (MC dejH). Compare Zhuang daih.

ta̱i ết

cần ta̱i hả


liv-

From liv (“body”), likely inspired by similar usage of German Leib.

liv- + läkare (“physician”) → livläkare (“court physician”)

liv- + rustkammare (“armoury”) → livrustkammare (“royal armoury”)

pertaining to a princely or royal person

liv- + rätt (“dish”) → livrätt (“favorite dish”)


امـ

امروز

امشب

امسال

(unproductive) to-, this (used before certain words of time)


hæmat-

Alternative form of haemato- (before a vowel)


hemat-

Alternative spelling of hemato- (before a vowel)


miko-

Derived from Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs).

der+

miko- + -logia → mikologia


кілька-

From кі́лька (kílʹka, “a few, several”).

Prefix denoting 'a few' or 'several': pluri-


tuna-

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese tuna (“deficient, failing, lacking”), from Sanskrit तुन्न (tunna, “struck, hurt”).


al·lo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos).

bor+

al·lo- + -trop → al·lòtrop


దుస్-

Borrowed from Sanskrit दुस्- (dus-); from Proto-Indo-Aryan *duš-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.