glutar-

(chemistry) glutaric; pertaining to glutaric acid and related chemicals


auxo-

From Latin auxi, perfect stem of augeo (“enlarge”).


alkeis-

The combining form of otherwise rarely used alkeinen, from alkeet (“rudiment”) + -inen.

alkeiskoulu

basic, elemental, fundamental, rudimentary

alkeishiukkanen

(physics) elementary (relating to a subatomic particle)


apu-

apumoottori

aputyöntekijä

apuhenkilökunta

auxiliary, assistant, assisting, ancillary


bekas

Indonesian: bekas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bekas. Cognate with Javanese bekas and Tagalog bakas.

Bekas Perdana Menteri


agraari-

[ˈɑ̝ɡrɑ̝ːri-]

Combining form of agraarinen (“agrarian”)


bar-

bar- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhar- (lenition mutation)
mbar- (eclipsis mutation)


daon-

daon- (mutation mutation-radical)
dhaon- (lenition mutation)
ndaon- (eclipsis mutation)

From daon, daonna, from Middle Irish dóen, a synonym of duine (“person”).


bary-

From Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús, “heavy”).


bary-

bary- + -metria → barymetria


cephal-

Alternative form of cephalo- (before a vowel)


pred-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of prednisone and prednisolone derivatives.


pred-

From Proto-Slavic *perdъ-. Prefixed form of the preposition pred.

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

pred- + grẹ́ti (“to heat”) → predgrẹ́ti (“to preheat”)


back-

From Middle English bak-, bac-, apheretic form of abak, aback (“aback”, adverb). See also aback.

Situated, located, or toward the rear; backward or in reverse; in return; again.

backfriend


μακρό-

μακρο- μακρο-#Greek

identical form of μακρο- (makro-) with accent


μακρο-

(medicine) macro- (enlarged, pathological overdevelopment)


stra-

From Latin extrā (“outside of, beyond”).

stra- + ricco (“rich”) → straricco (“filthy rich”)

prefix used to indicate excessiveness, exaggeration


kuolin-

kuolla (“to die”) + -in (instrumental suffix) >

suffix

kuolinaika

kuolinilmoitus

kuolinpesä

estate (the property of a deceased person)

kuolinpäivä

kuolinselvitys

inquest (official document stating the result of a formal investigation into the cause of a death)

kuolinsyy

kuolinvuode


ś-

ś- + ciąć → ściąć

alternative form of z-, used before voiceless palatal consonants


mee-

mee- (mutation mutation-radical)
vee- (lenition mutation)


stór-

stór- + -höfðun (“-cephaly”) ⇒ stórhöfðun (“macrocephaly”)

stór- + sameind (“a molecule”) ⇒ stórsameind (“a macromolecule”)


ა-

ა- (a-) + ბგარ- (bgar-, “to cry”) → აბგარს (abgars, “he cries by targeting a determined person”)

forms indirect transitive verbs expressing « action taken by targeting determined other person(s) »

ა- (a-) + ჭკომ- (ç̌ǩom-, “to eat”) → აჭკომენ (aç̌ǩomen, “he can eat or he eats involuntarily”)

ა- (a-) + გ- (g-, “to encounter”) → ნაგენ (nagen, “he encounters somebody unexpectedly”)


azido-

(organic chemistry) Having an azide group (N⁻=N⁺=N-)as a substituent

(organic chemistry) Based on an azo compound (-N=N-)


ekto-

ekto- + geneza → ektogeneza


ënner-

Cognate with English under-, German unter-


bismuto-

(mineralogy) Used to name minerals in which an element of another mineral is replaced by bismuth


bario-

(mineralogy) Used to form the names of minerals in which an element has been replaced by barium


arseno-

(organic chemistry, mineralogy) Used to name compounds and minerals in which an element is replaced by arsenic.

arseno-

used to name compounds and minerals in which an element is replaced by arsenic


arseno-

(organic chemistry, mineralogy) arseno- (used to name compounds and minerals in which an element is replaced by arsenic)


ef-

Alternative form of ex- (combining with f-initial words).


even-

From Middle English even-, efen-, from Old English efn- (“equal, fellow-, co-”), from Proto-West Germanic *ebna- (“like-, level, equal-”, prefix/combining form), from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz (“equal, even”); same as Old English efn (“equal, even, level”). More at even. Cognate with Scots evin- (“equal-”), Old Frisian ivin-, evn- (“even-”), Dutch even-, Old High German eban- (“even-”).

inh

even-toed, even-numbered, Even-even nucleus

even-down, even-tempered, even-toned

(no longer productive) Uniform, evenly in quantity.

evennight, evenmete, evenold

(no longer productive) Prefix meaning equally, similarly, same.

even-bishop, even-christian, even-servant

(rare, dialectal or no longer productive) Prefix occurring mostly in older terms, bearing the meaning of equal in rank, joint, co-, fellow-.


トランス

[to̞ɾã̠ɰ̃sɨ]


plusquam-

From Classical Latin plūs (“more”) + quam (“than”); compare plusquamperfect and plusquamperfection.

plusquam-clerical, plusquam-Lovecraft, plusquam-plebeian, plusquam-thucydidëan

(chiefly forming nonce words) more than; beyond (in degree)


páirt-

páirt- (mutation mutation-radical)
pháirt- (lenition mutation)
bpáirt- (eclipsis mutation)


prano-

faith healing (by the laying on of hands)


天竺

ja-pos

天(てん)竺(じく) • (Tenjiku) ^(←てんぢく (tendiku-)?)

天竺 (canonical)
Tenjiku (romanization)
tendiku- (romanization)
てんぢく (hiragana historical)

/tendiku/ → /tend͡ʑiku/
From Middle Chinese 天竺 (MC then trjuwk), a transcription from either of the following:
* Old Persian *Hind-uka ("people living beyond the Indus") an alternative of *Hinduš (“Indus, people of the Indus”)
* Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu, “the country of the Indus river, India (later, after Herodotus)”)
First mentioned in the 後漢書 (Gokansho, “Book of the Later Han”), in volume 88, the 西域伝 (Saiiki Den, “Treatise on the Western Regions”).

[tẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑikɯ̟]

天竺織: → a kind of thick woven cloth featuring various designs of birds

天竺楽: → those pieces of 雅楽 originating from India

天竺茄子: → alternate for 朝鮮朝顔: the devil's trumpet

天竺豆: → alternate for 八升豆

the velvet bean, Mucuna pruriens; Indian bean

the fasciculatum variety of Capsicum annuum

天竺様: → a style of Buddhist temple architecture imported from the Southern Song Dynasty during the Kamakura period


πρό-

πρό- (pró-) + θέμα (théma, “stem”) → πρόθεμα (próthema, “prefix”)

Alternative form of προ- (pro-) (before)


προ-

Greek: προ- (pro-)

Examples: πρόδομος (pródomos), προάστειον (proásteion), πρόθυρον (próthuron), προπύλαια (propúlaia)

Examples: πρόεδρος (próedros), προεδρία (proedría), προάγων (proágōn), πρόλογος (prólogos), προοίμιον (prooímion), προπάτωρ (propátōr)

Examples: πρόμαντις (prómantis), πρόξενος (próxenos)

Examples: πρόχειρος (prókheiros), πρόθυμος (próthumos), πρόφρων (próphrōn)

Examples: προθέλυμνος (prothélumnos), πρόρριζος (prórrhizos)

Examples: πρόμοιρος (prómoiros), πρόωρος (próōros)

Examples: πρόπας (própas), πρόπαρ (própar), προπάροιθε (propároithe), πρόκακος (prókakos), πρόπαλαι (própalai)

Examples: προβαίνω (probaínō), προβάλλω (probállō), προτίθημι (protíthēmi), προκινδυνεύω (prokinduneúō), προμάχομαι (promákhomai)

(with substantives)
(denotes position before or in front)
(with substantives)
(denotes priority of rank, order)
(with substantives)
(denotes standing in another's place)
(with substantives)
(with adjectives)
(denotes proximity, readiness)
(with adjectives)
(denotes a coming forth)
(with adjectives)
(denotes prematureness)
(with adjectives)
(denotes intensity)
(with adjectives)
(with verbs)
(of place) before, forwards

Examples: προέλκω (proélkō), προφέρω (prophérō), προγράφω (prográphō), προειπεῖν (proeipeîn), προκεῖμαι (prokeîmai)

Examples: προδίδωμι (prodídōmi), προΐημι (proḯēmi)

Examples: προαιροῦμαι (proairoûmai), προτιμάω (protimáō)

Examples: προαισθάνομαι (proaisthánomai), προγίγνομαι (progígnomai), προκαταλαμβάνω (prokatalambánō), προνοέω (pronoéō), προοράω (prooráō)

(with verbs)
before, beforehand, of foresight


προ-

προ- (pro-) + ειδοποιώ (eidopoió, “to inform”) → προειδοποιώ (proeidopoió, “to forewarn”)

προ- (pro-) + γιαγιά (giagiá, “grandmother”) → προγιαγιά (progiagiá, “great-grandmother”)

προ- (pro-) + τελευταίος (teleftaíos, “last, ultimate”) → προτελευταίος (proteleftaíos, “before the last, penultimate”)

προ- (pro-) + φυλάσσω (fylásso, “keep safe”) → προφυλάσσω (profylásso, “protect”)

προ- (pro-) + προγιαγιά (progiagiá, “great-grandmother”) → προπρογιαγιά (proprogiagiá, “great great-grandmother”)

προ- (pro-) + προτελευταίος (proteleftaíos, “before the last, penultimate”) → προπροτελευταίος (proproteleftaíos, “second before last, antepenultimate”)
and learnedly, with αντι- (anti-): αντιπροτελευταίος (antiproteleftaíos)

(only colloquially, in repetition) before the one before


aleuro-

From Ancient Greek ἄλευρον (áleuron, “flour”).


zeréck-

A prefix indicating backwards movement, or return to some former state


nevro-

From Ancient Greek νευρο- (neuro-), combining form of νεῦρον (neûron).


ym-

ym- (mutation mutation-radical)
hym- (mutation prothesis-h)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Cornish om-, Latin amb- (“around, about”), ambi- (“both”), English um-, umb- (“around, about”), Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”).

cog

ym- + golchi (“wash”) → ymolchi (“wash oneself, have a wash”)

ym- + uno (“to unite”) → ymuno (“to join”)

ym- + diswyddo (“dismiss, discharge”) → ymddiswyddo (“resign”)

ym- + gweld (“to see”) → ymweld (“to visit”)

ym- + lladd (“to kill”) → ymladd (“to fight”)

ym- + holi (“ask”) → ymholi (“to inquire”)


palato-

palatoplegia, palatodental

(anatomy, phonetics) Of or pertaining to the palate.


palato-

From palato (“palate”, “roof of the mouth”).

(anatomy) palato-; pertaining to the palate

(linguistics, phonetics) palato-; articulated on the palate


kine-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō, “to move”).


kine-

(English: kindom)

(Scots: kinrick)

Inherited from Old English cyne-, from Proto-West Germanic *kuni-, from Proto-Germanic *kuniz (“race”).


λογό-

λογο- λογο-#Greek

identical form of λογο- (logo-) with accent


λογ-

λογο- λογο-#Greek

Alternative form of λογο- (logo-) (before a vowel)


glycero-

(organic chemistry) Derived from glycerol


𐌿𐌽-

From Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


𐌲𐌰-

From Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm. Germanic cognates see there.

In verbs, indicates perfectivity (a finished action).

Indicates togetherness or association: co-


𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂-

From Proto-Germanic *firi-, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognate with English for-, Dutch ver- and German ver-.

Verbal prefix with intensifying meaning.


𐍆𐍂𐌰-

From Proto-Germanic *fra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-. Cognate with 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂- (fair-), German ver- and English for-.

Verbal prefix indicating separation, destruction, loss, or change; in some cases marks perfectivity.


𐌳𐌹𐍃-

From Proto-Germanic *twiz-, and doublet of 𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃- (twis-). Since the form lacks the expected effects of Grimm's law, it has often been conjectured to have been borrowed from or influenced by Latin dis-; however it doesn't normally appear appended to roots borrowed from Latin, but instead shows correspondences with other Germanic terms prefixed with *twiz-. The voiced onset can thus be explained as irregular lenition due to the unstressed syllable. The exact details, however, are unclear. Cognate to German zer-.

𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-) + 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 (wilwan, “to plunder, rob”) → 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 (diswilwan, “to plunder completely, spoil”),

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


gor-

From Proto-Brythonic *gwor-, from Proto-Celtic *uɸor-, from Proto-Indo-European *upér. Cognate with Welsh gor- and Breton gour-.


gor-

gor- (mutation mutation-radical)
or- (mutation mutation-soft)
ngor- (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwor-, from Proto-Celtic *uɸor-, from Proto-Indo-European *upér. Cognate with Cornish gor-, Breton gour- and English over-.

gor- + tew (“fat”) → gordew (“obese”)

gor- + actif (“active”) → goractif (“hyperactive”)

gor- + cyffwrdd (“to touch”) → gorgyffwrdd (“to overlap”)

gor- + gyrru (“to drive”) → goryrru (“to speed”)


pycno-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυκνός (puknós, “dense, compact, thick”).


odonto-

New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth”)


odonto-

From Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth”).


răs-

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic раз- (raz-), from Proto-Slavic *orz-, with some cases possibly based on Latin re- + ex-; compare res- and French ré-.

bor+

indicates that the action of a verb is repeated or goes back to the preceding situation


vesico-

Coordinate term: cholecysto- (gallbladder)

bladder, as:
(usually, especially) urinary bladder.

(loosely, catachrestically) vesiculo-: vesicle (cutaneous or mucosal); blister.


vesico-

From Latin vēsīca (“bladder”). Doublet of bexiga.

(anatomy, medicine) vesico- (relating to the urinary bladder)


Egypto-

Egypto-Coptic grammar


Sahelo-

the Sahelo-Sudanian region


luteo-

(chemistry) orange-yellow; brownish yellow

(physiology) Relating to the corpus luteum


síci-

síci- (mutation mutation-radical)
shíci- (lenition mutation)
tsíci- (lenition mutation)

From Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”).


fíli-

fíli- (mutation mutation-radical)
fhíli- (lenition mutation)
bhfíli- (eclipsis mutation)


antrapa-

antrapa- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-antrapa- (eclipsis mutation)
hantrapa- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, human”).


hipi-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “underneath”).


andra-

andra- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-andra- (eclipsis mutation)
handra- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Ancient Greek ἀνδρός (andrós), genitive of ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man, husband”).


betovergroot-

From bet- (“better”) + overgroot (“great-grand-”).


sh-

Orel derives the prefix from the same root as ith (“behind”), namely Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs, through Proto-Albanian *eś-.


덧-

Compare the adverbs 더 (deo, “more”), 다 (da, “all”).

in addition, repeated, double, re-, overlapping


vertebro-

Holonyms: rachi-, spino-

Comeronym: myelo- (spinal cord)


pola-

From Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many, much”), from Proto-Indo-European *polh₁ús (“much, many”).


nemato-

From Ancient Greek νῆματος (nêmatos, “thread”).


amfa-

amfa- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-amfa- (eclipsis mutation)
hamfa- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-amfa- (mutation prothesis-t)

From Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”).


artra-

artra- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-artra- (eclipsis mutation)
hartra- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-artra- (mutation prothesis-t)

From Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “a joint”).


hipir-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”).


ύπ-

identical form of υπ- (yp-) with accent see υπο- (ypo-)


υπ-

Alternative form of υπο- (ypo-) before vowels

υφ-

before vowels which used to have a rough breathing


υφ-

υφ- (canonical)
ύφ- (canonical)
yf- (romanization)
ýf- (romanization)

form of of υπο- (ypo-) (before vowels which used to receive the ancient rough breathing)


cíti-

cíti- (mutation mutation-radical)
chíti- (lenition mutation)
gcíti- (eclipsis mutation)

From Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos, “container, receptacle”).


sobre-

Inherited from Latin super-. Doublet of super-.


Siculo-

[…] much Siculo-Arabic poetry is clearly lost, perhaps irremediably […]

1987, María Rosa Menocal, The Arabic role in medieval literary history, page 133:

Relating to Sicily or the Sicilian people, language, or culture.

(historical) Relating to the Siculian people, language or culture.


podo-

Pertaining to a foot or a footlike part.


basi-

(anatomy, botany) Positioned at the base; forming a base

(chemistry, biology) Relating to bases (substances with pH greater than 7)


pata-

pata- (mutation mutation-radical)
phata- (lenition mutation)
bpata- (eclipsis mutation)


carcana-

carcana- (mutation mutation-radical)
charcana- (lenition mutation)
gcarcana- (eclipsis mutation)


oll-

oll- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-oll- (eclipsis mutation)
holl- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-oll- (mutation prothesis-t)

From oll (“great; huge, vast, immense”).


pari-

Javanese: ꦥꦿꦶ- (pri-)

→ Indonesian: pari- (learned)


onta-

onta- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-onta- (eclipsis mutation)
honta- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-onta- (mutation prothesis-t)


aera-

aera- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aera- (eclipsis mutation)
haera- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-aera- (mutation prothesis-t)


tromba-

tromba- (mutation mutation-radical)
thromba- (lenition mutation)
dtromba- (eclipsis mutation)

From trombas (“thrombus”), from Ancient Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos, “lump”).


hyalo-

From Ancient Greek ὕαλος (húalos, “glass”).


plagio-

/ˈpleɪdʒɪəʊ/

From Late Latin plagio-, from Ancient Greek πλάγιος (plágios, “oblique”).


plagio-

From Ancient Greek πλάγιος (plágios, “oblique”).


temporo-

(anatomy) temporal: temples
(anatomy) temporal lobe of the brain

temporal: temples
temporal lobe of the brain

temporospatial


sean-

sean- (mutation mutation-radical)
shean- (lenition mutation)
tsean- (lenition mutation)

old, aged; senior; mature; long-established, old-fashioned; (of calendar) old style


oisté-

oisté- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-oisté- (eclipsis mutation)
hoisté- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-oisté- (mutation prothesis-t)


soch-

soch- (mutation mutation-radical)
shoch- (lenition mutation)
tsoch- (lenition mutation)

soch- + -patach (“-pathic”) → sochapatach (“sociopathic”)

soch- + cultúrtha (“cultural”) → soch-chultúrtha (“sociocultural”)


hipo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”).


hipo-

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”).


hipo-

hipo- + alergiczny → hipoalergiczny


dios-

dios- (mutation mutation-radical)
dhios- (lenition mutation)
ndios- (eclipsis mutation)

From New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-).


mór-

mór- (mutation mutation-radical)
mhór- (lenition mutation)


micri-

(obsolete) In the metric system, multiplies the attached unit by 10⁻¹⁴.


micri-

micri- (mutation mutation-radical)
mhicri- (lenition mutation)


cítea-

cítea- (mutation mutation-radical)
chítea- (lenition mutation)
gcítea- (eclipsis mutation)


blasta-

blasta- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhlasta- (lenition mutation)
mblasta- (eclipsis mutation)

From Ancient Greek βλαστός (blastós, “a germ, bud, sprout, shoot”), from βλαστάνειν (blastánein, “to bud, sprout, grow”).


umb-

From Proto-Finnic *umpi, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”). Cognate with Finnish umpi-.


ard-

ard- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ard- (eclipsis mutation)
hard- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-ard- (mutation prothesis-t)

aird-

used before slender consonants and vowels


eip-

eip- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-eip- (eclipsis mutation)
heip- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-eip- (mutation prothesis-t)


eipea-

eipea- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-eipea- (eclipsis mutation)
heipea- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-eipea- (mutation prothesis-t)


eipi-

eipi- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-eipi- (eclipsis mutation)
heipi- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-eipi- (mutation prothesis-t)


tais-

tais- (mutation mutation-radical)
thais- (lenition mutation)
dtais- (eclipsis mutation)


eo-

eo- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-eo- (eclipsis mutation)
heo- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-. Doublet of so-.


eo-

eo- + -cen → eocen


frontaali-

Combining form of frontaalinen (“frontal”).


makro-

makro- + molekula → makromolekula


makro-

From Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”).


makro-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μακρο- (makro-).


eisi-

eisi- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-eisi- (eclipsis mutation)
heisi- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-eisi- (mutation prothesis-t)


dactilo-

From Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).


lacht-

From lacht (“milk yield”) or Latin lac, lactis (“milk”).


tírea-

tírea- (mutation mutation-radical)
thírea- (lenition mutation)
dtírea- (eclipsis mutation)


tíri-

tíri- (mutation mutation-radical)
thíri- (lenition mutation)
dtíri- (eclipsis mutation)


iada-

iada- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-iada- (eclipsis mutation)
hiada- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-iada- (mutation prothesis-t)


arqui-

From Latin archi-, from Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “first, chief”), from ἄρχω (árkhō, “to begin, to lead, to rule”).


arqui-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “first, chief”), from ἄρχω (árkhō, “to begin, to lead, to rule”).


syto-

Internationalism (see English cyto-), ultimately from Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos).


frea-

frēabeorht

frēahræd

frēafætt

an intensifying prefix meaning "very", "extremely", "exceedingly"


бе-

be- (romanization)
spelling بی (Persian)

Inherited from Classical Persian بی (bē)


ful-

English: full-; (fulfil, fulfill)

Inherited from Old English ful-, full-, from Proto-West Germanic *fulla-, from *full (“full”, see ful).

(largely unproductive) full, fully, perfectly


ful-

fulöl

(colloquial) of low or lesser quality (due to simpler or cheaper preparation or the like)

fulparkera


ekso-

Internationalism (see English exo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō).


ekso-

From Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō, “outer; external”).


aéro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀέρος (aéros), the genitive singular of ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).


spektro-

Internationalism (see English spectro-).


spektro-

From Latin spectrum, related to spektrum.


gnáth-

gnáth- (mutation mutation-radical)
ghnáth- (lenition mutation)
ngnáth- (eclipsis mutation)


syano-

Internationalism (see English cyano-), ultimately from Ancient Greek κυάνεος (kuáneos).


phyllo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”).


dez-

dez- + infekce → dezinfekce

dez- + interpretace → dezinterpretace


dez-

From Latin dis- and dē. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French des-.


dez-

aktywować + dez- → dezaktywować


dez-

Variant of des- (from Latin dis-), modeled partly after French des- in some cases.

Form of des- used before words that begin with voiced consonants and vowels


métro-

From Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure, rule”).


métro-

From Latin mātrīx, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”).

(by extension) related to metropolis or city


voor-

Ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *forē-. Cognate with English fore-.

denotes primarily that something is before or in front of another thing or higher in a hierarchy


sterno-

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the sternum.


praseo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πράσιος (prásios, “leek-green, green”), from Ancient Greek πράσον (práson, “leek”).


neas-

From neasa (“nearer, nearest”); compare neas (“near, close”).


teirmi-

teirmi- (mutation mutation-radical)
theirmi- (lenition mutation)
dteirmi- (eclipsis mutation)

From Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “warm, hot”).


alla-

alla- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-alla- (eclipsis mutation)
halla- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”).


isi-

isi- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-isi- (eclipsis mutation)
hisi- (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”).


saccharo-

From Latin saccharum, ultimately from the same source as sugar.


péri-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).


trypano-

Compare to Ancient Greek τρυπώ (trupṓ, “drill”).


branchio-

From Ancient Greek βράγχιον (bránkhion, “gill”).


after-

From after (adverb and preposition), and also continuing Middle English after-, efter-, æfter-, from Old English æfter- (“after, behind, against”). Cognate with Scots efter-, West Frisian efter-, Dutch achter-, German after-, Swedish efter-. More at after.

inh

after- + deal → afterdeal

after- + tale → aftertale

(rare or no longer productive) With contrary, subordinate, or remote effect, denoting hindrance, setback, inferiority, etc.

after- + deck → afterdeck

after- + limb → after-limb

after- + ship → after-ship

With adverbial or adjectival effect, forming compound words indicating something that comes afterwards in spacial position.

after- + glow → afterglow

after- + shock → aftershock

after- + thought → afterthought

With prepositional effect, forming compound words denoting something which follows the second element of the compound, and is less intense or significant.

after- + birth → afterbirth

after- + life → afterlife

after- + noon → afternoon

With prepositional effect, forming compound words denoting follows and is a result of the second element of the compound.


after-

Aftermieter

(no longer productive) after-, sub-, second (expressing that something comes after another thing)

Afterklaue

Afterbildung

Afterlehre

(no longer productive) pseudo-, spurious (expressing that something is false or fake)


chondro-

Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros, “grain; cartilage”).

uder

Describing something relating to grains or having a granular structure.

Describing something composed of cartilage.


chondro-

chondro- + -blast → chondroblast


bata-

bata- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhata- (lenition mutation)
mbata- (eclipsis mutation)


histi-

From Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “web, tissue”).


hola-

From Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”).


თან-

Prefixed to certain words to give the senses of close realtionship or being with something.


つけ

tsuke- (romanization)
tuke- (romanization)
つけ (hiragana historical)

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 付(つ)ける (tsukeru, “attach; affix”).

付け麺

cold Chinese noodles accompanied by soup for dipping

付け下げ

method of patterning traditional Japanese clothing


shi-

my, me (often indicates primary or inalienable possession, in opposition to she-. See for example abeʼ, shibeʼ)


shi-

Shikilwi ma wiki

(personal) you, second-person subject subjunctive marker.


kut-

Wat een kutvoorbeeld is dit.

Wat een kutweer.

(somewhat vulgar) fucking, damned, stupid, shitty


kanker-

(intensifier, exceptionally vulgar, chiefly Netherlands) fucking, motherfucking; intensifying prefix with negative connotations.

(intensifier, extremely vulgar, chiefly Netherlands) Generic intensifying prefix.


tering-

Gast, wat een teringzooi.

‘Bakkes dicht, vuile teringlijster!

2010 March 2, “Hard vloeken in een zacht taaltje”, in nu.nl, nu.nl:


heipti-

From Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”).


seacht-

seacht- (mutation mutation-radical)
sheacht- (lenition mutation)
tseacht- (lenition mutation)


tré-

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish tre-, from Proto-Celtic *trei.


physico-

natural; having or relating to or depending upon natural causes


recto-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, indirectly from Latin rectum by the same path whence also English rectum (which see).

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


stylo-

stylography

stylohyoid

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the styloid process of the temporal bone.


réamh-

Old Irish remi-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrīsamos, superlative of *ɸrīs (“before”). Cognate with Latin primus.


aa-

From Middle High German ane-. Cognate with German an-.

aa- + binde (“to tie up”) → aabinde (“to tie to (something)”)

aa- + stoo (“to stand”) → aastoo (“to queue up”)

Forms (mostly) verbs, originally with the sense of ‘on’.


dú-

dú- (mutation mutation-radical)
dhú- (lenition mutation)
ndú- (eclipsis mutation)


αγιό-

αγιο- αγιο-#Greek


αγιο-

From Ancient Greek ἅγιος (hágios, “holy, saint”).

der

αγιο- (agio-) + γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) → αγιογραφία (agiografía, “hagiography”)

αγιο- (agio-) + -ποιώ (-poió, “verbal ending”) → αγιοποιώ (agiopoió, “to sanctify, to make a saint”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected to saints:

αγιο- (agio-) + κλήμα (klíma, “vine”) → αγιόκλημα (agióklima, “honeysuckle”)

αγιο- (agio-) + -ότητα (-ótita, “noun ending”) → αγιότητα (agiótita, “holiness”)

αγιο- (agio-) + πολίτης (polítis, “citizen”) → αγιοπολίτης (agiopolítis, “resident of Jerusalem”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected to churches and holiness:


eitni-

eitni- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-eitni- (eclipsis mutation)
heitni- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-eitni- (mutation prothesis-t)


bibli-

bibli- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhibli- (lenition mutation)
mbibli- (eclipsis mutation)

From Ancient Greek βιβλίον (biblíon, “small book”).


éici-

éici- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-éici- (eclipsis mutation)
héici- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-éici- (mutation prothesis-t)

From Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house, household”).


stannoso-

(chemistry) Denoting relation to, or connection with, certain stannous compounds.


నిశ్

head

నిశ్ • (niś)

నిర్ నిర్#Telugu

A negative prefix, altered from నిర్ (nir) in accordance with the rules of Sandhi.


ద్వి

ద్వి • (dvi)


అప-

A prefix used to denote away from, ill, evil. Equivalent to English ab-.


cróna-

cróna- (mutation mutation-radical)
chróna- (lenition mutation)
gcróna- (eclipsis mutation)


purpureo-

purple; used to designate certain brilliant purple-red compounds of cobaltic chloride and ammonia, similar to the roseocobaltic compounds


cluas-

cluas- (mutation mutation-radical)
chluas- (lenition mutation)
gcluas- (eclipsis mutation)


achtana-

achtana- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-achtana- (eclipsis mutation)
hachtana- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-achtana- (mutation prothesis-t)

From Ancient Greek ἀκτῑ́ς (aktī́s, “ray, beam”).


clos-

clos- (mutation mutation-radical)
chlos- (lenition mutation)
gclos- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish clos (“hearing”) (compare cluas (“ear”), clois (“hear”)).


deindri-

deindri- (mutation mutation-radical)
dheindri- (lenition mutation)
ndeindri- (eclipsis mutation)


morfa-

morfa- (mutation mutation-radical)
mhorfa- (lenition mutation)

From Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “form”).


pailé-

pailé- (mutation mutation-radical)
phailé- (lenition mutation)
bpailé- (eclipsis mutation)

From Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós, “old”).


అను-

కోటాను కోట్లు
కోటాను కోట్లు#Telugu

A prefix like the Latin con, or sub, or re as కోటాను కోట్లు (kōṭānu kōṭlu, “crores upon crores”).


దుః

దుశ్ దుశ్#Telugu

దుస్ దుస్#Telugu

A negative prefix. Bad, evil, wicked. In compounds it changes into దుశ్ (duś) or దుస్ (dus) according to the rules of Sandhi.


diphy-

From Ancient Greek διφυ- (diphu-), from διφυής (diphuḗs, “double”).

diphyodont ― having two sets of teeth

diphygenic ― having two modes of embryonic development


pyo-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek πύον (púon, “pus”), from Proto-Indo-European *puH-; compare Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “stinks, rots”), Ancient Greek πύθω (púthō, “to rot”), Gothic 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fuls, “foul”), Old English ful (“foul”).


အ

Verb prefix indicating the third person: he, she, it, they

Noun prefix indicating the third person possessive: his, her, its, their


withar-

witharkērian (“to turn against”)

witharstandan (“to resist”)

against, contrary, opposed to (compare Lat. anti-, counter-)


undar-

From Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥tér (“between, among”).

inh

undarniman "to interrupt"

undartwisk "between"

undargangan "to intervene"


undar-

From Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”).

undarhuggian "to understand"

undarsōkian "to examine"

undarfaran "to go under, steal in"

undarfindan "to find out"

undarwerpan "to subdue"


ფსევდო-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, lying”).


శ్రీ

head

శ్రీ • (śrī́)


квази-

Ultimately from Latin quasi. In many formations, appears as part of a borrowing of a Russian (cf. Russian ква́зи- (kvázi-)) or Western European term.


Austro-

From Latin Austria, a Latinization of Old High German Ostarrîchi.


Belgo-

the Belgo-Dutch frontier

Belgian; of or pertaining to Belgium or its people.


Fenno-

From Latin Fennus + -o-. Doublet of Finno-.


Finno-

From Latin Finnus + -o-. Doublet of Fenno-.

of or pertaining to Finland, the Finnish language, or Finns


mer-

From Middle English mere-, from Old English mere-, from Proto-Germanic *mari-, from Proto-Germanic *mari (“sea”). More at mere.

mercow, mermaid, merman, merswine, mersnake

sea; marine; applied to beings that are fully or partly sea-creatures.


mer-

merlady, merfolk, merwife, mermonster

(fantasy) Of, pertaining to, or associated with the realm of mermaids and mermen.


mer-

Alternative form of mero- (“part, partial”) used before a vowel


nether-

From Middle English nither-, neother-, from Old English niþer- (prefix), from niþer (“below, beneath, down, downwards, lower, in an inferior position”). Cognate with Dutch neder-, neer- (“down”), German nieder- (“down”). More at nether.

nethergarment, netherling, netherlook, nethermind, netherverse, netherworld

netherman


philo-

From combining form of Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “beloved, dear”), φιλέω (philéō, “to love”), of unknown origin.


𒉡

𒃻𒈾𒈨𒉡𒈬𒁕𒀀𒌇
nig̃₂ na-me nu-mu-da-a-tuku
/nig name numu'dâtuku/
I owe you nothing
(literally, “you don't have anything with me”)


spheno-

From Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”).

sphenogram

sphenomastoid

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the sphenoid bone.


tesamna-

From te- + samna. Akin to German zusammen.

tesamnabrengian "to collect, bring together"

tesamnalesan "to gather"


మాజీ-

head

మాజీ- • (mājī-)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ماضی (māzī), from Arabic مَاضِي (māḍī). Compare Kannada ಮಾಜಿ (māji), Hindustani माज़ी (māzī) / مَاضِی (māzī), Tamil மாஜி (māji), Marathi माजी (mājī), Gujarati માજી (mājī).

der

Arabic مَاضِي (māḍī)


వి

విఖ్యాతి విఖ్యాతి

వియోగము వియోగము

A particle and prefix, implying intensity, muchness separation as in విఖ్యాతి, వియోగము.


atom-

From the noun atom (“atom”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible, uncut, undivided”), both from ἀ- (a-, “not, without”), from Proto-Hellenic *ə- (“un-, not; without, lacking”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) + and from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut, hew, wound, butcher”), from Proto-Indo-European *tm̥-n-h₁-, from *temh₁- (“to cut”).

atomforskning, atomteori

(obsolete) nuclear, atomic (of or relating to atoms; composed of atoms)

atommedisin, atompille

atombrensel

(obsolete) nuclear (involving energy released by nuclear reactions, such as fission, fusion and radioactive decay)

of or related to the production of nuclear energy

atomkanon, atomvåpen, atomkraftverk, atomfly, atomubåt

nuclear cannon, nuclear weapons, nuclear power plants, nuclear aircraft, nuclear submarine

which utilizes the energy or explosive power of nuclear fission

atombiprodukt

which is the result of the production of nuclear energy

atomkrig

(obsolete) nuclear (relating to a weapon that derives its force from rapid release of energy through nuclear reactions)


たて

All semantically derived from stem noun form tate of verb 立てる (tateru, “to stand something up, to set something up”), from verb 立つ (tatsu, “to stand, to be established, to be situated”).

立, 立て: prefixed to a person or role: the head or lead in a group; prefixed to a verb: an intensifier


atrop-

En route to abyssomicin C, we prepared and characterized its stable conformational isomer atrop-abyssomicin C...


Cymro-

The root of the Cornish language was the same as that of the Welsh language, but largely amalgamated with the Saxon; […] Every vestige of this old Cymro-Saxon jargon has however past away, except it be indeed the use of a few pronouns decidedly Saxon.

1838 March, Sylvanus Urban (pseudonym), review of The Parochial History of Cornwall, in The Gentleman’s Magazine, volume IX, page 274

They moved to Rhydlewis, just to the west of Llandysul, where he spent what appears to have been a poor (his mother was expelled from chapel for not paying her dues) and unhappy childhood, falling foul of the Cymrophobic education system of the time.

2004, Jim Perrin, Travels with the Flea... and Other Eccentric Journeys, →ISBN:

Formerly Mr Driscoll held court at that bastion of Welsh nationalism, The Cayo Arms, on Cardiff’s Cathedral Road, where he could be consulted on any matter concerning Cymro-Irish relations as long as an element of rugby football was included in the conversation.

2010 July 15, Graham Henry, “Irish 'consul' holds court at new HQ”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Western Mail:

From B.C. 390, to B.C. 900, is the fall and rise of the Etrurian or Tyrrhenian empire, of the establishment of the Cymro-Gallic empire in Northern Italy, and of the Etrurian domination in Rome

1862, Britannicus (pseudonym), “Vindication of the mosaic ethnology of Europe”, in The Cambrian Journal, page 149:

And as for the physical type or types, the light complexion is very unlike that of the earlier British or Iberian race, though we cannot say that the ruling Cymro-Gaelic stocks were not fair.

1907, John Beddoe, Joseph Hamberly Rowe, “The Ethnology of West Yorkshire”, in The Yorkshire Archæological Journal, volume 19, page 32:

Some people derive Berwick from the Cymro-Teutonic compound Aber-wick. This sounds most reasonable, Aber signifying the mouth of a river, while some of the Saxons whom Ida gathered into one kingdom certainly then or later had a "wick" or town here. The Celts would naturally have emphasized the penultimate and made it Aberwick [...]

1909, A. G. Bradley, The Romance of Northumberland, page 137:


emp-

Assimilation of ent- before f-. In Middle High German, assimilated and non-assimilated forms were used interchangeably; compare enphinden alongside entvinden. Eventually, the form emp- became standardised in three verb stems. Compare the similar assimilation -ntb- → -mp- in empor, Wimper, and Himper (archaic variant of Himbeere).

Alternative form of ent-, only used in empfangen, empfehlen, empfinden, and derivatives of these.


oftailmi-

oftailmi- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-oftailmi- (eclipsis mutation)
hoftailmi- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-oftailmi- (mutation prothesis-t)

From Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós, “eye”).


colo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin colon, whence also English colon.


Cambro-

[T]hough a good Cambro-Briton as I hope, and properly Zealous for my Countrys Glory, I have lived too long in England not to laugh when reading of Madog and Fadog and Cywrgie […].

1795 November 19, Hester Lynch Piozzi, Thraliana:

History proves that for centuries the Anglo-Saxons fought, formed treaties, intermarried with the Cymbric race [...] They even themselves passed through intermixture out of the properly Anglo-Saxon into the Cambro-Saxon phase, constituting in fact a new race.

1868, Thomas Nicholas, The Pedigree of the English People, page 442:

In present-day Colloquial Welsh borrowed nouns retain noun plurals in the exact shape that they occur in Cambro-English; for example (in north-western areas): [kondəktərs] 'conductors', loris 'lorries'.

1993, Martin John Ball, James Fife, The Celtic Languages, →ISBN, page 311:


quer-

Separable prefix, that denotes a physical diagonal direction of the verb.


cran-

cran-apple cobbler

cran-grape juice


zó-

From Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion, “animal”).

zó- + eolaíocht (“science”) → zó-eolaíocht (“zoology”)

zó- + planctón (“plankton”) → zóplanctón (“zooplankton”)

zó- + spór (“spore”) → zóspór (“zoospore”)


acantho-

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos, “thorn plant”), from ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”).


acantho-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos, “thorn plant”), from ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”).


macra-

macra- (mutation mutation-radical)
mhacra- (lenition mutation)

From Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”), from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós.


acanth-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos, “thorn plant”), from ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”).


nekro-

Internationalism (see English necro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”).


nekro-

From Ancient Greek νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”).


liti-

From Ancient Greek λῐ́θος (líthos, “stone”).


tétra-

From Ancient Greek τετρα- (tetra-, “four”).


he-

Indicating a male, usually of an animal.


he-

he-komangdi: to dull something, to make it less sharp (contrast ha-komangdi: to blunt something, to make it blunt)

prefix indicating a relatively low degree of affectedness; contrast ha-


he-

his/her/its; third person singular pronoun added to a noun to show its possessor


he-

e- (mutation mutation-radical)
he- (mutation prothesis-h)


ischio-

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “ischium”).


სა-

Derives purpose adjectives, that is, terms expressing what is something used for or applied to.: -ing, of


θεο-

θεο- (theo-) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, word”) → θεολογία (theología, “theology”)

θεο- (theo-) + σέβομαι (sévomai, “to respect”) → θεοσεβής (theosevís, “devout”)

θεο- (theo-) + γνώση (gnósi, “knowledge”) → θεογνωσία (theognosía, “knowledge of God”)

θεο- (theo-) + κράτος (krátos, “state”) → θεοκρατία (theokratía, “theocracy”)

θεο- (theo-) + μισώ (misó, “hate, despise”) → θεομίσητος (theomísitos, “godforsaken, hated by God”)

θεο- (theo-) + φαίνομαι (faínomai, “appear”) → Θεοφάνια (Theofánia, “the Epiphany of Jesus”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected God or religion; theo-:

θεο- (theo-) + βαρέλι (varéli, “barrel”) → θεοβάρελο (theovárelo, “large barrel”)

θεο- (theo-) + κουφός (koufós, “deaf”) → θεόκουφος (theókoufos, “extremely deaf, profoundly deaf”)

θεο- (theo-) + τρελός (trelós, “crazy, mad”) → θεότρελος (theótrelos, “extremely mad, as mad as a hatter”)

θεο- (theo-) + φτωχός (ftochós, “poor”) → θεόφτωχος (theóftochos, “extremely poor”)

(figuratively, colloquial) added before a noun or adjective or verb to create words that indicate the quality is present to a high degree (with adjectives) or that it is very large (with nouns):


θεό-

identical form of θεο- (theo-) with accent


angegin-

angeginbrengian (“to confer”)

angeginian (“to meet, encounter”)

angeginwerpan (“to throw against”)

forming words with the sense of 'opposite, against or back'


irmin-

desc

>? East Central German: Emmis (Erzgebirgisch)

From Proto-West Germanic *ermun, from Proto-Germanic *ermunaz. Cognate with Old Saxon irmin- and Old Norse jǫrmun-.

a prefix denoting a sense of greatness, whole, strong


irmin-

From Proto-West Germanic *ermun, from Proto-Germanic *ermunaz, *irmin-, *ermin-. Akin to Old English eormen-, Icelandic jörmun-, Old High German irmin-.

Irminsul The great pillar of the Saxons

irminthioda "people", "folk"


ie-

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'in', 'into' (like German ein- or Russian в- (v-)). With color terms, it expresses a weakened, less clear hue: sarkans (“red”), iesarkans (“reddish, a little red”).


ie-

she ______

she ______ it/her


ie-

Alternative form of i- (translocative prefix)


reuze-

From reus (“giant”). Compare the cognate German riesen-, and Swedish jätte- which is formed similarly.

een reuzehuis

reuzegezellig

(added to an adjective) very, extremely, hugely


neifri-

From Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”).

der

(medicine) nephro-, nephric, of or relating to kidneys


teleo-

From Ancient Greek τέλειος (téleios), from τέλος (télos, “end”).


panca-

From panca, from Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

Coordinate term: lima


abdomin-

Alternative form of abdomino- (before a vowel).


abdomino-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin abdomen, which see.

Near-synonym: coelo-

ventral

largely synonymous although sometimes coordinate in usage, under the bipedal/nonbipedal distinction


abdomino-

abdomin-; abdomino- (relating to the abdomen)


ceirbri-

ceirbri- (mutation mutation-radical)
cheirbri- (lenition mutation)
gceirbri- (eclipsis mutation)


nje-

Wón nježěła.

Wóna njejo how.


opper-

From Middle Dutch opper-, upper-, comparative of op, up.


ítalo-

ítalo-brasileiro


priekš-

Usually found on verbs and nouns with the meaning 'before', 'ahead of', 'preceding' (like German vor- or Russian пред- (pred-)).


diper-

Jalan itu telah diperlebar oleh mereka.


peng-

Inherited from Malay peng-, from Proto-Malayic *pAŋ-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋ-, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋ-.

peng- + tulis → penulis (“writer”)

actor, instrument, or someone characterized by the root.

pem-

before initials of /b/, /p/, /v/ or /f/ will remove initial /p/ even before consonant clusters

pen-

before initials of /d/, and /t/, will remove initial /t/

peny-

before initials of /s/, will remove initial /s/

pe-

before initials of /l/, /m/, /n/, /ɲ/ ⟨ny⟩, /ŋ/ ⟨ng⟩, /r/, /w/ and /y/

peng- + diam (“silent”) → pendiam (“quiet (of person)”)


peng-

From Proto-Malayic *pAŋ-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋ-, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋ-. Compare Tagalog pang-.

peng- + selamat → penyelamat (“rescuer”)


juru-

Indonesian: juru

Borrowed from Javanese ꦗꦸꦫꦸ (juru, “expert”), from Old Javanese juru (“head, leader, chief; tradesman”).

juru- + jual (“to sell”) → jurujual (“salesperson”)

juru- + wang (“money”) → juruwang (“cashier”)

juru- + elektrik (“electric”) → juruelektrik (“electrician”)

juru- + terbang (“to fly”) → juruterbang (“airline/aeroplane pilot”)

juru- + rawat (“to treat”) → jururawat (“nurse”)

Denotes a worker, a skilled person, a professional, or a person who belongs to a job or a profession which requires training or skill characterised by the root word.


memper-

Mereka sedang memperlebar jalan itu.


kau-

From Malay kau-, from kau, shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.


kau-

From kau, shortened form of engkau, from Proto-Malayic *kau(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kahu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu.

Siapa yang kautanya?

Alternative form of kau when used in the passive voice.

kau-

informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger


kau-

From Proto-Polynesian *kau. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻau and Samoan ʻau.

Forms compounds denoting a group of people.

Forms compounds denoting a handle of something.


miss-

From Middle High German mis-, misse-, from Old High German missa-, from Proto-Germanic *missa- (“wrongly, badly”).

inh

Misserfolg, missverständlich, missachten

Same functions and meanings as the English prefix mis-; a nominal, adjectival and inseparable verbal prefix that negates the meaning or expresses the opposite of its stem or indicates that something isn't being done correctly or isn't correct or good.


ber-

base (verb)
base (noun)
base (adjective)
base (numeral)

Inherited from Malay ber-, from Classical Malay ber-, from Old Malay bar-,
* from earlier Old Malay mar-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.
* comparable to Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”).

ncog

ber- + pikir (“to think”) → berpikir (“thinking”)

ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)

(intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs

ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)

(intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs

ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)

(intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self.

ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)

ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)

ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)

ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)

ber- + sepatu (“shoes”) → bersepatu (“to wear shoes”)

to use [base], to wear [base], to travel by [base]

ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)

ber- + tinju (“boxing, hit”) → bertinju (“to hit each other”)

ber- + teman (“friend”) → berteman (“to be friends with each other”)

(intransitive, reciprocal) to do [base] in reciprocal situation.

ber- + jam (“hour”) → berjam-jam (“hours”)

ber- + meter (“metre”) → bermeter-meter (“metres”)

ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)

ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)

(intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs

bel- only used in the word ajar and unjur

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“in group of three”)

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga-tiga (“three at a time, three by three”)

(acting) in a number of groups of [base] at a time


ber-

Indonesian: ber-

North Moluccan Malay: ba-

ber- + fikir (“to think”) → berfikir (“thinking”)

ber- + renang (“to swim”) → berenang (“swimming”)

ber- + ubah (“to change”) → berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)

ber- + hias (“dressing”) → berhias (“self-dressing”)

ber- + terima (“to accept”) → berterima (“to be accepted”)

ber- + atap (“roof”) → beratap (“roofed”)

ber- + baju (“clothes”) → berbaju (“clothed”)

ber- + adik (“younger sibling”) → beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)

ber- + telur (“egg”) → bertelur (“to produce egg”)

ber- + kasut (“shoes”) → berkasut (“to wear shoes”)

ber- + tani (“farming”) → bertani (“to farm”)

ber- + lawan (“fighting”) → berlawan (“to fight each other”)

ber- + kawan (“friend”) → berkawan (“to be friends with each other”)

ber- + gembira (“happy”) → bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)

ber- + sedih (“sad”) → bersedih (“to be in sadness”)

bel- only used in the words ajar and unjur

ber- + tiga (“three”) → bertiga (“triple”)


meng-

Inherited from Malay meng-, from Proto-Malayic *mAN-, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *maN-, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *maN-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-.

mengatur (“to arrange; arranges; arranging”)

membaca (“to read; reads; reading”)

mencabut (“to remove; removes; removing”)

menderma (“to donate; donates; donating”)

mengelak (“to avoid; avoids; avoiding”)

memahami (“to understand; understands; understanding”)

memfitnah (“to lie; lies; lying (about someone)”)

menggali (“to dig; digs; digging”)

menghantar (“to deliver; delivers; delivering”)

mengikat (“to tie; ties; tying”)

menjolok (“to poke; pokes; poking”)

mengira (“to count; counts; counting”)

melamar (“to propose; proposes; proposing”)

memakan (“to eat; eats; eating”)

menyanyi (“to sing; sings; singing”)

mengolah (“to edit; edits; editing”)

memukul (“to hit; hits; hitting”)

merawat (“to treat; treats; treating”)

menyapu (“to sweep; sweep; sweeping”)

menambah (“to add; adds; adding”)

mengurus (“to manage; manages; managing”)

mengebom (“to bomb; bombs; bombing”)

transitive agent focus, frequently but erroneously called "active voice", for AVO word order.

membatu (“to become a stone”)

intransitive verbal prefix of a nominal root

menyupir (“to become a supir (“driver”), to drive”)

to function as the root, or to become similar as the root

merokok (“to consume a cigarette, to smoke”)

melaut (“to go toward sea, to sail”)

intransitive verbal prefix of a adjectival root


meng-

From Proto-Malayic *mAN-, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *maN-, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *maN-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-.

meng- + karang (“composition”) → mengarang (“to compose”)

Agent focus or active voice marker of a verb.

meng- + aum (“roar”) → mengaum (“to roar”)

meng- + rumput (“grass”) → merumput (“to cut grass”)

Throwing away, searching for, or collecting something.

meng- + tepi (“side”) → menepi (“to go to the side”)

meng- + bukit (“hill”) → membukit (“to appear like a hill”)

meng- + bujang (“single”) → membujang (“to be single”)

meng- + putih (“white”) → memutih (“to whiten, to become white”)


ódónta-

ódónta- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ódónta- (eclipsis mutation)
hódónta- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Ancient Greek ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (odoús, odóntos, “tooth”).

der

ὀδούς, ὀδόντος


hémato-

Representing the combining form of Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).


paléo-

From Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós, “old”).


mu-

ming- (perfect)
mi- (perfect)
ni- (perfect)


mu-

you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)


mu-

you, second-person plural subject concord.

Augmentless form of umu- (“class 1 or 3 noun prefix”)

class 1 or 3 concord prefix for adjectives


mu-

mu- + -ua (“to kill”) + -ji (nominalizing suffix) → muuaji (“killer”)

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/ and /w/


mu-

muhindi

mu- + -ungana (“to join together”) + -o (nominalizing suffix) → muungano (“union”)

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|m class_((III))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/, /w/, and occasionally /h/


mu-

you, 2nd person plural subject concord used before /u/ and /w/

verb-initial form of -mu- (“her, him; 3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) object concord used before /u/ and /w/”)

For a full table including other classes


mu-

therein, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Mu locative class|mu class_((XVIII))]] subject concord used before /u/ and /w/

For a full table including first and second person


mu-

mu- + -kora (“to do”) → mukora (“you all do”)

you, you all; 2nd person plural subject concord


antho-

From Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).

(botany) Forms words relating to flowers


grian-

grian- (mutation mutation-radical)
ghrian- (lenition mutation)
ngrian- (eclipsis mutation)


bruth-

bruth- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhruth- (lenition mutation)
mbruth- (eclipsis mutation)


aiz-

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'under', 'toward' or 'away,' or also 'closed' (like Russian за- (za-) or по- (po-)).


ion-

ion- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ion- (eclipsis mutation)
hion- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-ion- (mutation prothesis-t)


uas-

uas- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-uas- (eclipsis mutation)
huas- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-uas- (mutation prothesis-t)


metz-

Nimetzitak ka teupan yalua

(personal) you, second-person singular object marker.


metzin-

Yaja te metzinpalewij

(personal) you, second-person plural object marker.


tech-

Object prefix for verbs; it indicates that the object is first-person plural; us.


tech-

Tunoya techmachtij Nawat

(personal) us, first-person plural object marker.


ايک-

From ايک, from Sanskrit एक (eka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *óykos, *óynos, *óywos.


să-

From să, shortened form of ĕsă, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.


س-

From س, shortened form of اسا, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

as big as

as long as

as beautiful as

used to form the comparative of adjectives


kin-

Nikintajtanilij su kinekituyat yawit

(personal) them, third-person plural object marker.


kin-

ewü (first-person pronoun)
y- (first-person)
ü- (first-person)
u- (first-person)
w- (agent first-person transitive)
w- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
wi- (agent first-person transitive)
wi- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
küwü (dual first-person inclusive pronoun)
k- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
k- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
k- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
kü- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
kü- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ku- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ku- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ki- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ki- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
k- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kii- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ki- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
amödö (pronoun second-person)
ö- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ö- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ö- (patient second-person transitive)
ö- (possessive second-person)
ö- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
öy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
öy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
öy- (patient second-person transitive)
öy- (possessive second-person)
öy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ödh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ödh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ödh- (patient second-person transitive)
ödh- (possessive second-person)
ödh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
o- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
o- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
o- (patient second-person transitive)
o- (possessive second-person)
o- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
oy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
oy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
oy- (patient second-person transitive)
oy- (possessive second-person)
oy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
odh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
odh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
odh- (patient second-person transitive)
odh- (possessive second-person)
odh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
a- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
a- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
a- (patient second-person transitive)
a- (possessive second-person)
a- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ay- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ay- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ay- (patient second-person transitive)
ay- (possessive second-person)
ay- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
adh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
adh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
adh- (patient second-person transitive)
adh- (possessive second-person)
adh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
m- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
m- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
mi- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
mi- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
nña (dual exclusive first-person pronoun)
y- (dual exclusive first-person)
dh- (dual exclusive first-person)
ch- (dual exclusive first-person)
i- (dual exclusive first-person)
chö- (direct-object dual exclusive first-person postpositional)
n- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
n- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ni- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ni- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
tüwü (pronoun third-person)
y- (third-person)
dh- (third-person)
ch- (third-person)
i- (third-person)
chö- (direct-object postpositional third-person)
n- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
ni- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
tüwü (distant-past past pronoun)
kün- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kün- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kun- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kun- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kin- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kin- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ken- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ken- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
küm- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
küm- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kum- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kum- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kim- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kim- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kini- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kini- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
t- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
t- (possessive reflexive)
t- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tü- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tü- (possessive reflexive)
tü- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tu- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tu- (possessive reflexive)
tu- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
ti- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
ti- (possessive reflexive)
ti- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
te- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
te- (possessive reflexive)
te- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
öö- (agent patient reciprocal transitive)
öö- (agent-like intransitive patient-like reciprocal)
öö- (direct-object postpositional reciprocal)
mön- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mön- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
k- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
k- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)

Allomorph of kün- (distant past third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with i or y.


pharyngo-

From New Latin pharynx, from Ancient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”), akin to modern Greek φάρυγγας (fáryngas, “pharynx”).


panchă-

(1924-1972) Obsolete spelling of panca-.


ڤنچاـ

From ڤنچا, from Sanskrit पञ्चन् (pañcan), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

Coordinate term: ليم (lima)


cen-

An intentional conflation of the Ancient Greek roots καινός (kainós, “new”, “recent”) and κοινός (koinós, “common”). See also ceno- § Usage notes.


sa-

From sa, shortened form of asa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.


sa-

head

sa- (before a/o si-, class II first-person singular)

-li (before-consonant before-s before-vowel first-person singular)
sa- (before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person singular)
si- (before-back-vowel first-person singular)
a̱- (before-consonant first-person singular)
am- (before-vowel first-person singular)
ak- (before-consonant before-vowel first-person singular)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative singular)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative singular)
-li (before-consonant before-s before-vowel first-person medial singular)
sa- (before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person medial singular)
si- (before-back-vowel first-person medial singular)
-sa- (before-consonant first-person medial singular)
-sam- (before-vowel first-person medial singular)
ak- (before-consonant before-vowel first-person medial singular)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative medial singular)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative medial singular)
ī- (before-consonant before-s first-person paucal)
il- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
pi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person paucal)
pi̱- (before-consonant first-person paucal)
pim- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
kī- (before-consonant first-person paucal)
kil- (before-vowel first-person paucal)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative paucal)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative paucal)
ī- (before-consonant before-s first-person plural)
il- (before-vowel first-person plural)
hapi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel first-person plural)
hapi̱- (before-consonant first-person plural)
hapim- (before-vowel first-person plural)
kī- (before-consonant first-person plural)
kil- (before-vowel first-person plural)
n (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative plural)
a (before-consonant before-vowel first-person imperative plural)
is- (before-s second-person singular)
ish- (before-consonant before-vowel second-person singular)
chi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel second-person singular)
chi̱- (before-consonant second-person singular)
chim- (before-vowel second-person singular)
chik- (before-consonant before-vowel second-person singular)
has- (before-s plural second-person)
hash- (before-consonant before-vowel plural second-person)
hachi- (before-back-vowel before-consonant before-front-vowel plural second-person)
hachi̱- (before-consonant plural second-person)
hachim- (before-vowel plural second-person)
hachik- (before-consonant before-vowel plural second-person)
ho- (before-consonant imperative plural second-person)
oh- (before-vowel imperative plural second-person)
i̱- (before-consonant third-person)
im- (before-vowel third-person)
ik- (before-consonant before-vowel third-person)

me

the direct object of an active transitive verb

I

the subject of a stative intransitive verb

my


sa-

Usually found on verbs or nouns, originally a generic meaning of 'togetherness', now sometimes only a marker of perfective aspect (compare Russian с- (s-), со- (so-)).


sa-

From sa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.


sa-

you ______ (patient)


sa-

your ______

second person singular possessive prefix


sa-

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.


sa-

sa- + puso (“heart”) → sapuso (“act of having put to heart”)

sa- + ilalim (“below”) → sailalim (“act of undergoing”)

sa- + malamig (“cold”) → samalamig (“cold beverage”)

sa- + inyo (“yours”) → sainyo (“act of signing off or used to close a letter; yours truly”)

sa- + makatuwid (“to be able to straighten”) → samakatwid (“therefore”)

sa- + makalawa (“twice”) → samakalawa (“day after tomorrow”)

sa- + una (“first”) → sauna (“of the old generation”)

forms terms to denote a method or means to a purpose

sa- + pusa (“cat”) → may sa-pusa (“resembling a cat”)

sa- + pagong (“turtle”) → may sa-pagong (“resembling a turtle”)

(may—) forms terms denoting possession of quality or characteristic


sa-

sa- + basa (“read”) → sababasa (“suddenly read”)

Nahihimbing ako'y sababasa siya nang malakas na aking ikinagising.

I was sleeping then they suddenly read aloud that I woke up from.

(with reduplicated root, CVr-) forms terms to denote suddenness of the action: suddenly; unexpectedly; without notice


pār-

usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'over', 'above', 'to the other side' (like Latin trans, German über- or Russian пере- (pere-))


amelo-

(anatomy, dentistry) involving tooth enamel


amelo-

(anatomy, dentistry) amelo- (relating to tooth enamel)


ni-

& future mo- (infinitive)
mu- (infinitive)

Nikaon ko.


ni-

Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person singular: I.


ni-

I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)


ni-

They both (m) ____


ni-

Same as the word nid, from Old Norse níð.


ni-

Doublet of nid. From Old Norse níð, from Proto-Germanic *nīþą.

Used as an intensifier, especially in verbs


ni-

From earlier *niwi-, before a regular sound change in which non-word-initial *w was lost before fully unstressed *i. The same sound change occurred to ǣ (“law”) ← *ǣi ← *āwi, sǣ (“sea”) ← *sǣi ← *sāwi, and glī (“joy”) ← *gliwi. It must have also occurred to nīewe (“new”) in the nominative singular, producing *nī ← *niwi, but its *w was restored by analogy with its inflected forms, which had a following *j instead of *i.


ni-

Niaw nimumachtia Nawat

(personal) I, first-person singular subject marker.


ni-

igdje ili nigdje.

itko ili nitko.

ikad ili nikad.

Prefix prepended to pronouns to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“no, not”).

Bio sam tu ali nisam bio tamo.

Prefix prepended to copula verb biti in present tense to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“not”).


ni-

ninakupenda

نِيَضِهِرِشِ يَغُ مَقَالِ ، اَبَيُ مُيُوْنِ نِقُصُدِيِ

R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249

Let me set forth the plan which I have in my heart.

Niyaḍihirishe yangu maqali, ambayo moyoni niquṣudiye.

verb-initial form of -ni- (“me, 1st person singular object concord”)


ni-

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.


ni-

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

you, you all; second-person plural object concord.


ni-

di- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddi- (mutation mutation-soft)
ni- (mutation mutation-nasal)


ni-

Allomorph of n- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant.


ni-

Northern Ndebele: li-

Phuthi: li-

Swazi: ni-

Xhosa: ni-

Zulu: ni-


ni-

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ні- (ni-)

Russian: ни- (ni-)

Ukrainian: ні- (ni-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ни- (ni-)

Bulgarian: ни́- (ní-)

Macedonian: ни- (ni-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ни̏-

Latin script: nȉ-

Slovene: ni-

West Slavic:

Czech: ni-

Polish: ni-

Slovak: ni-

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ni-

Upper Sorbian: ni-

Negating prefix applied specifically on pronouns, most certainly of the same origin as Proto-Slavic *ni (“neither, not even”).


ni-

Proto-Georgian-Zan:

Old Georgian: ნი- (ni-)

q

see Proto-Georgian-Zan <i class="Latn mention" lang="ccs-gzn-pro">*niḳel-</i>

> Zan: *ni- (see Proto-Georgian-Zan *niḳel-)

Svan: ნი- (ni-)

word-forming prefix of uncertain function, now unproductive in daughter languages


cros-

cros- (mutation mutation-radical)
chros- (lenition mutation)
gcros- (eclipsis mutation)


oseano-

[ˈo̞s̠e̞ˌɑ̝no̞-]


umbi-

From Proto-West Germanic *umbi (“around”). Akin to Old English ymb-, ymbe- (“around, about”).

umbifārd (“detour”)

umbigangan "to go around"

umbihwervan "to surround"

umbibigevan (“to surround”)

umbifāhan (“to take over”)

umbigengil (“walker”)

umbilōkon "to look, to consider"


nyah-

Nyahpecut


dus-

(perhaps) Armenian:

Old Armenian: տ- (t-)

Balto-Slavic:

desc

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *dъždžь (“rainstorm, rain”) (< *dus-dyu- (“bad sky”), from *dyu- (“sky, day”))

Proto-Celtic: *dus- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *tuz- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *dus- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *duš- (see there for further descendants)

(perhaps) Italic:

Latin: dis-

Possibly from *dews- (“lack”). De Vaan instead suggests a derivation from the root of *dwóh₁ (“two”) with sense development from "into two" > "apart" > "bad".


dus-

Ancient Greek: δυσ- (dus-)


dus-

Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: dy-

Welsh: dy-

Goidelic:

Old Irish: do-, du-

Irish: do-


su-

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *hu-
Old Breton: ho-, hu-
Breton: he-
Middle Cornish: he-, hy-
Old Welsh: hi-, hu-
Middle Welsh: hy-, hu-
Welsh: hy-

Old Irish: so-

Irish: so-

Manx: so-

Scottish Gaelic: so-

Gaulish: su-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”).


su-

Comes along with a preposition su as a meaning together.


Proto-Celtic: *su- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *su-

Lithuanian: su-

Proto-Slavic: *sъ-

Proto-Hellenic: *ehu- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hsu- (see there for further descendants)

q

→ Old Armenian: հ- (h-) (or inherited and contaminated with the Iranian)

Possible metathesis of *h₁wes- (“good”), or perhaps related to *h₁es- (“to be”).
Hittite 𒀀𒀸𒋗𒍑 (āššuš, “good”) and possibly Epic Greek ἠΰς (ēǘs, id.) provide strong evidence for a u-stem adjective *h₁óh₁s-u-s, gen.sg. *h₁h₁s-éw-s, which would point to a reduplicated root *h₁es-. Since Proto-Indo-European apparently did not allow geminate clusters, the weak stem would have simplified to *h₁s-éw-; this could be the source of the combining form *h₁su-, with which it would be identical in the zero-grade.


fisici-

fisici- (mutation mutation-radical)
fhisici- (lenition mutation)
bhfisici- (eclipsis mutation)


postero-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin posterior.

dorso-

same direction in bipeds; homologous direction in nonbipedal animals


glott-

glott- + -onym → glottonym

Alternative form of glotto- (before a vowel)


کو-

From کو, shortened form of اکو, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.


ամ-

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-. Also found in the wholly-inherited ամ-ուսին (am-usin).


prek-

Forms words having the sense of something that comes right before or after something, such as: prekjuče, preksutra, preksinoć, preklane.


μονό-

μονο- μονο-#Greek

identical form of μονο- (mono-) with accent


πολύ-

πολυ- πολυ-#Greek

identical form of πολυ- (poly-) with accent


μον-

μονο- μονο-#Greek

Alternative form of μονο- (mono-) (before a vowel)


μονο-

and see numeral prefixes on Wikipedia as first combining forms with -ψήφιος


πολυ-

From Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”).


th-

th- + old → thold

th- + art → thart

th- + other → thother


th-

the (written with elision before a vowel)


sain-

sain- (mutation mutation-radical)
shain- (lenition mutation)
tsain- (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish sain (“different, distinct, separate; peculiar, special”).

inh

special, particular, specific, characteristic


micr-

Alternative form of micro- (before a vowel)


արտ-

Armenian: արտ- (art-)

Probably from արտ (art, “cornfield”). For the semantic association “outdoors” : “cornfield” compare Lithuanian lauke (“outside”) from laukas (“field”), Old Irish immaig (“outside”) from mag (“field”), Serbo-Croatian споља from поље.

արտաբերեմ

արտաշնչեմ


pie-

From earlier prie-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *prei, from Proto-Indo-European *prey. Cognate with Lithuanian priẽ (“at, with, to”), príe- (“at, with, to”), Old Prussian prei (“at, with, to”) and Proto-Slavic *pri (“at, with, by”).

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning "to", "to the front", or "joining", "adding", "in addition" (like Russian при- (pri-)).


mac-

mac- (mutation mutation-radical)
vac- (lenition mutation)


general-

general (Including or involving every part or member of a given or implied entity, whole etc.)


general-

general- + direktör → generaldirektör

head, main (holding the highest position in a hierarchy)

general- + repetition (“rehearsal”) → generalrepetition (“dress rehearsal”)

general- + församling (“assembly”) → generalförsamling (“general assembly”)

general- + strejk (“strike”) → generalstrejk (“general strike”)


antero-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin anterior.

(anatomy, dentistry) anterior; front; forward


vähimmäis-

[ˈʋæɦimːæi̯s̠-]

Combining form of vähimmäinen (“minimum, least”)


ک-

From Proto-Malayic *kA-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.


ngi-

I; first-person singular subject concord.


ngi-

me; first-person singular object concord.


ngi-

Northern Ndebele: ngi-

Phuthi: gi-

Swazi: ngi-

Xhosa: ndi- (?)

Zulu: ngi-


lu-

A prefix used to form diminutive nouns or to describe something as evil.


utshw-

Class 14 full noun prefix; form of ubu- used before stems beginning with a.


abe-

Class 2 noun prefix, used by some nouns.


ili-

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


ili-

Archaic form of i- (literally “class 5 full noun prefix”).


ulu-

Archaic form of u- (literally “class 11 full noun prefix”).


ezin-

From a- (“relative”) + zin- (“class 10 basic noun prefix”).


ezim-

Class 8 and 10 adjective concord; form of ezin- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.


izi-

From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


izi-

Class 10 noun prefix, used when preceding a consonant n, m, or l.


engimu-

First-person singular adjective concord.


engimu-

From a- (“relative”) + ngi- (“first person singular”) + mu- (“class 1 basic noun prefix”).


eniba-

From a- (“relative”) + ni- (“second person plural”) + ba- (“class 2 basic noun prefix”).


engi-

From a- (“relative”) + ngi- (“first person singular”).


eni-

From a- (“relative”) + ni- (“second person plural”).


eni-

Old Irish: in-


esiba-

From a- (“relative”) + si- (“first person plural”) + ba- (“class 2 basic noun prefix”).


izim-

Class 10 noun prefix; form of izin- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.


olu-

From a- (“relative”) + lu- (“class 11 basic noun prefix”).


olu-

From a- (“relative”) + lu- (“class 11 subject prefix”).


bu-

bu- + -nu (“this, these”) → bunu (“this, these (class 14)”)

[[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_14|class 14]] pronominal concord

bu- + -kora (“to do”) → bukora (“it (class 14) does, they (class 14 do”)

it, they; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_14|class 14]] subject concord

bu- + -ha (“to give”) → buha (“give it (class 14), give them (class 14)”)

positive imperative form of -bu- (“it, them; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_14|class 14]] object concord”)


uku-

Class 15 noun prefix; forms the infinitive of verbs.


ama-

From a- (“relative”) + ma- (“class 6 basic noun prefix”).


la-

He ______

He ______ it/her


la-

Contraction of li- + -a- (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ji class_((V))]] gnomic”).


kwa-

I ____ you (pl.)


kwa-

Contraction of ku- + -a- (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku class|ku class_((XV/XVII))]] gnomic”).


obu-

obu- + strona → obustronny


obu-

From a- (“relative”) + bu- (“class 14 basic noun prefix”).


obu-

From a- (“relative”) + bu- (“class 14 subject prefix”).


eli-

From Proto-Germanic *ali-, *alji-, *aljaz (“other”). Cognate with Proto-Norse ᚨᛚᛃᚨ- (alja-).

elilendi "foreign country"

elithioda "foreign people"

elithiodig "foreign"

ellior "elsewhere"


eli-

From a- (“relative”) + li- (“class 5 basic noun prefix”).


eli-

From a- (“relative”) + li- (“class 5 subject prefix”).


omu-

Second-person singular adjective concord.


omu-

From a- (“relative”) + u- (“second person singular”) + mu- (“class 1 basic noun prefix”).


omu-

From a- (“relative”) + mu- (“class 1 basic noun prefix”).


omu-

From a- (“relative”) + mu- (“class 3 basic noun prefix”).


oku-

From a- (“relative”) + ku- (“class 15 basic noun prefix”).


oku-

From a- (“relative”) + ku- (“class 15 subject prefix”).


oku-

From a- (“relative”) + ku- (“class 17 basic noun prefix”).


oku-

From a- (“relative”) + ku- (“class 17 subject prefix”).


aba-

From a- (“relative”) + ba- (“class 2 basic noun prefix”).


aba-

From a- (“relative”) + ba- (“class 2 subject prefix”).


aba-

Old English: æf-, af-, of-

Old Norse: af-

Faroese: av-

Icelandic: af-

Swedish: av-

Danish: af-

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆- (af-)

From pre-Germanic *h₂epó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.


ezi-

From a- (“relative”) + zi- (“class 8 subject prefix”).


ezi-

From a- (“relative”) + zi- (“class 10 subject prefix”).


yi-

they; class 4 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.


yi-

he, she, it; class 9 subject concord; form of i- used when another prefix precedes.


wu-

From a conflation of the preposition wu (“at”), from Proto-Slavic *u, and the Proto-Slavic prefix *vy-.

used to mark the perfective aspect of a verb


wu-

you, thou; second-person singular subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.


wu-

he, she, it; class 3 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.


wu-

Northern Ndebele: wu-

Swazi: wu-

Xhosa: wu-

Zulu: wu-

Second-person singular subject concord; form of *u- used when another prefix precedes.


engim-

First-person singular adjective concord; form of engimu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


om-

From Old Norse um (“about, concerning”).

om- + male (“paint”) → ommale (“repaint”)

om- + klassificere (“classify”) → omklassificere (“reclassify”)

om- + bestemme (sig) (“decide”) → ombestemme (sig) (“change one's mind”)


om-

Het kind omklemde haar moeder.

The child clamped herself around her mother.

denotes that the action encloses or surrounds the object


om-

Second-person singular adjective concord; form of omu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


om-

Class 1 adjective concord; form of omu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


om-

Class 3 adjective concord; form of omu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


om-

om- + ring (“ring”) → omringa (“surround”)

om- + slingra (“slither”) → omslingra (“entwine”)

om- + skära (“cut”) → omskära (“circumcise (of which it is a calque)”)

om- + tala (“speak”) → omtalad (“talked about”)

om- + klassificera (“classify”) → omklassificera (“reclassify”)


zi-

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.


zi-

Taa zenye nuru kali, moja kwa juu mwisho wa ngazi, na moja kwa chini mwanzo wa ngazi zilimmulika Kasim Hakimu Marjani[…]

1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:

Lamps shining with an intense light, one on top at the end of the stairs and one below at the beginning of the stairs, illuminated Kasim Hakimu Marjani […]

they; [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((X))]] subject concord

verb-initial form of -zi- (“them, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((X))]] object concord”)


zi-

zi- + -nu (“this, these”) → zinu (“these (class 10)”)

[[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_10|class 10]] pronominal concord

zi- + -kora (“to do”) → zikora (“they (class 10) do”)

they; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_10|class 10]] subject concord

zi- + -ha (“to give”) → ziha (“give them (class 10)”)

positive imperative form of -zi- (“them; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_10|class 10]] object concord”)


zi-

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Class 10 simple noun prefix, used when preceding a consonant n, m, or l.


ya-

it, they; [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ma class_((VI))]] subject concord

verb-initial form of -ya- (“them, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ma class_((VI))]] object concord”)


ya-

Contraction of i- + -a- (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|mi class_((IV))]] and [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((IX))]] gnomic”).

i-

Contraction of ya- + -a- (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ma class_((VI))]] gnomic”).


ba-

A prefix indicating ethnic or geographical origin or, less often, someone's trade.


ba-

Postpositional prefix occurring in conjunction with di- in themes related to exhaustion, completion
► Navajo terms prefixed with ba- (postpositional)


ba-

roko (“cigarate”) > baroko (“to smoke”)

Verb-deriving suffix
Used to form a verb from another word.

panas (“hot”) > bapanas (“to become hot”)

Used to form a verb that has the meaning of 'to become or get'.

jatong (“to fall”) > bajatong (“to fall (on purpose)”)

Used to form the voluntariness of an verb.

poló (“to hug”) > bapoló (“to hug (each other)”)

Verb-deriving suffix
Used to form a reciprocal verb.

ganti (“to change”) > baganti (“to change (one's own clothing)”)

Verb-deriving suffix
Used to form a reflexive verb.

cek (“to check”) > bacék (“to check”)

Used to intensify a verb, sometimes with the purpose of making it more 'intransitive'.

asap (“smoke”) > baasap (“smoking, smoky”)

Used to form an adjective that has the meaning of 'having a (property of) or related to'.

Cina (“China; Chinese”) > bacina (“somewhat Chinese”)

(sometimes with the base word reduplicated) Used to form an adjective that has the meaning of 'having a similiar characteristic of'.

Used to form a number that has the meaning of 'each of'.

(rough translation, with the base word reduplicated) Used to form a number that has the meaning of 'each of' and "togetherness".


ba-

A clitic added to the plural forms of nouns that are identical to the singular forms in order to mark plurality explicitly.

Added to the plural forms of some nouns that do have distinct plural forms in order to express that various individuals are meant.


ba-

ba- + -kora (“to do”) → bakora (“they do”)


zim-

Class 10 simple noun prefix; form of zin- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.


tshw-

Class 14 simple noun prefix; form of bu- used before stems beginning with a.


zin-

From Proto-Bantu *jí-ǹ-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


tsh-

You ____ him


derb-

Irish: dearbh-

From derb (“sure, certain, fixed, determinate”).

(with adjective) surely, really, truly; used as intensifier

(with substantive) sure, certain, reliable; genuine; own, special; used with a set of kinship words, with which it forms stable compounds


dearbh-

dearbh- (mutation mutation-radical)
dhearbh- (lenition mutation)
ndearbh- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish derb-, from derb (“sure, certain, fixed, determinate”).


li-

third person singular masculine agent marker


li-

you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.


li-

you, you all; second-person plural object concord.


li-

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


li-

مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،

Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?

Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?

it, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ji class_((V))]] subject concord

verb-initial form of -li- (“it, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ji class_((V))]] object concord”)


li-

li- + -nu (“this, these”) → linu (“this (class 5)”)

[[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_5|class 5]] pronominal concord

li- + -kora (“to do”) → likora (“it (class 5) does”)

it; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_5|class 5]] subject concord

li- + -ha (“to give”) → liha (“give it (class 5)”)

positive imperative form of -li- (“it; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_5|class 5]] object concord”)


li-

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


si-

head

si- (except before a/o sa-, class II first-person singular)

me

the direct object of an active transitive verb

I

the subject of a stative intransitive verb

my


si-

First-person plural inclusive subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.


si-

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

we; first-person plural subject concord.


si-

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.


si-

I do not, 1st person singular negative subject concord


si-

simi (first-person negative singular)
siye (first-person negative singular)
sio (first-person negative plural)
siwe (negative second-person singular)
siye (negative second-person singular)
sinyi (negative plural second-person)
sio (negative plural second-person)
siye (class-1 class-2 negative singular third-person)
sio (class-1 class-2 negative plural third-person)
sio (class-3 class-4 negative singular third-person)
siyo (class-3 class-4 negative plural third-person)
silo (class-5 class-6 negative singular third-person)
siyo (class-5 class-6 negative plural third-person)
sicho (class-7 class-8 negative singular third-person)
sivyo (class-7 class-8 negative plural third-person)
siyo (class-10 class-9 negative singular third-person)
sizo (class-10 class-9 negative plural third-person)
sio (class-11 negative singular third-person)
siko (class-15 class-17 negative singular third-person)
sipo (class-16 negative singular third-person)
simo (class-18 negative singular third-person)
For a full table (negative)

the negative emphatic copula or negative focusing copula: expresses "it is not" with an inflected object


si-

Northern Ndebele: si-

Phuthi: si-

Swazi: si-

Xhosa: si-

Zulu: si-


wa-

wa- + pȟóštaŋ (“to put something on one's head”) → wapȟóštaŋ (“hat”)

wa- + oyúspa (“to seize, grab, hold on to, arrest”) → wawóyuspa (“policeman”)


wa-

they; class 6 subject concord; form of a- used when another prefix precedes.


wa-

watoto wazuri

mtu (“person”) → watu (“people”)

Mwingereza (“English person”) → Waingereza (“English people”)

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|wa class_((II))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting plurals of [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]


wa-

they, 3rd person plural ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|wa class_((II))]]) subject concord

verb-initial form of -wa- (“them (3rd person plural ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|wa class_((II))]]) object concord) or you (2nd person plural object concord)”)


wa-

Contraction of u- + -a- (“2nd person singular, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|m class_((III))]], and [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] gnomic”).

u-

Contraction of wa- + -a- (“3rd person plural ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|wa class_((II))]]) gnomic”).


m-

From Proto-Afroasiatic *m- (nominal prefix).

forms masculine abstract nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /ˈmiCCiC/

forms agent nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /ˈmaCCaC/ or /mVCˈCiCVw/ if masculine and /maCˈCaːCit/ or /mVCˈCiCwVt/ if feminine

forms instrumental nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /ˈmaCCaC/ or /mVCˈCiCVw/ if masculine and /maCˈCaːCit/ or /mVCˈCiCwVt/ if feminine

forms passive nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /miˈCuːCiC/ if masculine and /miˈCuCCit/ if feminine

forms nouns from other nouns with no apparent change in meaning, with the resulting root structure unchanged but for the addition of /ma-/ and the loss of final -w in masculine nouns


m-

you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)


m-

him, her, it; class 1 object concord; form of mu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


m-

m- (class A infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


m-

mtoto mzuri

mnyama mnono

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mostly people

m- + Kenya → Mkenya (“person from Kenya”)

m- + zee (“old”) → mzee (“old person”)

Forms the name of somebody who does something, has a certain characteristic, or is from a certain place.


m-

mti mrefu

mfano mzuri

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|m class_((III))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mostly plants and inanimate natural things

m- + chungwa (“orange”) → mchungwa (“orange tree”)

Forms the name of a plant from its fruit.

ulimi mrefu

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] adjective agreement prefix


m-

verb-initial form of -m- (“her, him; 3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) object concord”)


m-

therein, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Mu locative class|mu class_((XVIII))]] subject concord


m-

From Proto-Bantu *n-, labialized before labial consonants.

mvua mbaya

ubavu (“rib, side”) → mbavu (“ribs, sides”)

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((IX/X))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, including for plurals of some [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] nouns, used before labial consonants


m-

Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person agent/subject.

Marks an intransitive verb with agent-like argument as having a second-person argument/subject.


m-

Class 1 simple noun prefix; form of mu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


m-

Class 3 simple noun prefix; form of mu- used before stems of more than one syllable.


m-

Class 9 simple noun prefix; form of n- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.


mi-

Inherited from Middle French mi (“middle”), from Old French mi, mie (“middle”), from earlier *miei (compare lit, liet < *lieit), from Latin medius (adjective), medium (noun).

inh+

à mi-chemin

à mi-voix

in a low voice (literally, “in a half-voice”)

mi-amer


mi-

my; first person singular possessive marker, used with some kinship terms and some words for body parts


mi-

miti mirefu

mfano (“example”) → mifano (“examples”)

muhindi (“maize plant”) → mihindi (“maize plants”)

mwili (“body”) → miili (“bodies”)

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|mi class_((IV))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting plurals of [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|m class_((III))]]


mi-

Allomorph of m- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant.


ma-

Non-productive prefix without a specific meaning.


ma-

ma- + linig (“to clean”) → malinig (“clean”)

Used to form adjectives indicating a quality

ma- + dumog (“wet”) → madumog (“to become wet”)

Object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix

ma- + tapos (“finish”) → matapos (“to be able to finish something”)

Natapos kong basahon an libro kasubanggi.

I was able to finish reading the book last night.

Object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something

ma- + pasa (“broken, break”) → mapasa (“to break something unintentionally”)

pasa (“broken, break”) + -on → pasaon (“to break something on purpose”)
Pinasa ko an salming. ― I broke the mirror on purpose.

Napasa ko an salming. ― I unintentionally broke the mirror. Compare it when used with the suffix -on

Object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally


ma-

Cognate to the set of prefixes found in Arabic: مُ (mu) for agentive participles, مَ (ma) for locatives, and مِ (mi) for instrumentals.

Used to form nouns of place (locative nouns).


ma-

jicho (“eye”) → macho (“eyes”)

jambo (“thing”) → mambo (“things”)

chungwa (“orange”) → machungwa (“oranges”)

jitu (“giant”) → majitu (“giants”)

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ma class_((VI))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mass nouns and plurals of a variety of classes

forms plurals of [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ji class_((V))]] nouns

ugomvi (“quarrel”) → magomvi (“quarrels”)

forms plurals of some [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] nouns

ma- + rafiki (“friend”) → marafiki (“group of friends”)

forms collectives of [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((IX))]] nouns

maji machafu


ma-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-, from Proto-Austronesian *ma- (stative prefix). Compare may (existential marker).

inh

ma- + linis (“cleanliness”) → malinis (“clean”)

used to form adjectives indicating a quality

ma- + ligo (“bath”) → maligo (“to take a bath; to bathe”)

actor III trigger infinitive verb prefix

ma- + basa (“wet”) → mabasa (“to become wet”)

object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix

Natapos kong basahin ang libro kagabi.

object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something

ma- + basag (“break, crack”) → mabasag (“to break something unintentionally”)

Nabasag ko ang salamin.

I unintentionally broke the mirror. Compare it when used with the suffix -in:

basag (“break, crack”) + -in → basagin (“to break something on purpose”)

Binasag ko ang salamin.

object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally


ma-

From Proto-Austronesian *ma- (future prefix).

used to form contemplative aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-


ma-

Used to form adjectives and adverbs; characterized by; abundant in


ma-

marks certain verbal aspects
indicates prolonged duration

ma- + kokehe (“to cough”) → makokehe (“to cough repeatedly”)

marks certain verbal aspects
indicates repeated action

marks certain verbal aspects
indicates habitual action

indicates an action undertaken by multiple subjects


ma-

ma- + doto (“to teach”) → madoto (“to learn”)

ma- + hodo (“to pour”) → mahodo (“to bathe”)

ma- + ngadi (“to clothe (another)”) → mangadi (“to put on clothes, to don”)


ma-

ma- + gei (“to be dead”) → magei (“to die”)

ma- + dadi (“to become”) → madadi (“to be, exist”)


ma-

ma- + minye (“one”) → maminye (“once”)

ma- + unge (“three”) → maunge (“thrice”)


ma-

From a clipping of makhe (“hortative marker”).

Masihambe!

let, may; gives a verb a hortative force.


ma-

From a clipping of make (“hortative marker”).

Masihambe!


ma-

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 真 (ma-)

Kunigami: 真 (ma-)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 真 (ma-)

Okinawan: 真 (ma-)

Okinoerabu: 真 (ma-)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 真 (ma-)

Tokunoshima: 真 (ma-)

Yoron: 真 (ma-)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 真 (ma-)

Yaeyama: 真 (ma-)

Yonaguni: 真 (ma-)

From Proto-Japonic *ma (“reality, truth”).


ma-

Philippine

Tagalog: ma-

Gorontalo: mo-

South Sulawesi

Buginese: ma-

Celebic

Wolio: ma-

Affix forming adjectives and stative verbs


cố

Sino-Vietnamese word from 故. Doublet of cụ and cớ.

cố Tổng Bí thư Trường Chinh
the late General Secretary Trường Chinh


αιγο-

From αίγα f (aíga, “goat”), from Ancient Greek αἴξ (aíx, “goat”).

αιγο- (aigo-) + βοσκός (voskós, “shepherd”) → αιγοβοσκός (aigovoskós, “goatherd”)


je-

Eropu'akáke jehasa asy oúva ndéve.

Bear (the passing by) the pain that comes onto you.

Ore jeguata ha'e puku.

forms the nominalized infinitive of a verb

Mávapepa ojehai ko ñe'ẽpoty?