пра-

From the Proto-Slavic *pro- prefix, from Proto-Slavic *pro. See also пра (pra).

пра- (pra-) + ісці impf (isci) + to go pf (“to go through, to pass by”) → прайсці (prajsci)

пра- (pra-) + ступа́ць impf (stupácʹ, “to tread, step”) → праступа́ць pf (prastupácʹ, “to exude, ooze (in a metaphorical sense)”)

(used with verbs) through, past (describing an action of passing through a space or an object)

пра- (pra-) + са́ліць impf (sálicʹ, “to grease, apply oil onto something”) → праса́ліць pf (prasálicʹ, “to cover something with oil completely”)

(used with verbs) describing an action of covering a whole object

пра- (pra-) + пусціць pf (puscicʹ, “to let”) → прапусціць pf (prapuscicʹ, “to let pass through”)

(used with verbs) describing an action of passing by an entity and moving further from an entity

пра- (pra-) + штудзі́раваць impf (študzíravacʹ, “to study (in a form of researching)”) → праштудзі́раваць pf (praštudzíravacʹ, “to study thoroughly”)

(used with verbs) describing an action that entails completeness, exhaustiveness, or accuracy

пра- (pra-) + вішчаць impf (viščacʹ, “to squeal”) → правішчаць pf (praviščacʹ, “to squeal (momentarily for a short time)”)

(used with verbs) describing a momentary action with a short duration

пра- (pra-) + чака́ць impf (čakácʹ, “to wait”) → прачака́ць pf (pračakácʹ, “to wait (for a while, for some time)”)

пра- (pra-) + працава́ць impf (pracavácʹ, “to work”) → прапрацава́ць pf (prapracavácʹ, “to work (for a while, for some time)”)

пра- (pra-) + сядзе́ць impf (sjadzjécʹ, “to sit”) → прасе́дзець pf (prasjédzjecʹ, “to sit (for a while, for some time)”)

(used with verbs) describing an action that lasts for a certain period of time

пра- (pra-) + па́сці impf (pásci, “to fall”) (figuratively) → прапа́сці pf (prapásci, “to get lost”)

(used with verbs) describing an action that describes losses, expenses, wasting, or forgetting

пра- (pra-) + між (miž, “between”) + -ак (-ak) → праме́жак (pramjéžak, “interval”)

(used with nouns) describing a state of being that is located between two entities or among more than two entities


пра-

пра- (pra-) + дядо (djado, “grandfather”) → прадядо (pradjado, “great-grandfather”)

пра- (pra-) + славянски (slavjanski, “Slavic”) → праславянски (praslavjanski, “Proto-Slavic”)


пра-

пра- (pra-) + дед (ded, “grandfather”) → пра́дед (práded, “great-grandfather”)

great (when used with ancestors and descendants)

пра- (pra-) + славя́нский (slavjánskij, “Slavic”) → праславя́нский (praslavjánskij, “Proto-Slavic”)

пра- (pra-) + восточнославя́нский (vostočnoslavjánskij, “East Slavic”) → правосточнославя́нский (pravostočnoslavjánskij, “Old East Slavic”) (relational)


пра-

пра- (pra-) + дід (did, “grandfather”) → прадід (pradid, “great-grandfather”)

пра- (pra-) + слов'янський (slovʺjansʹkyj, “Slavic”) → праслов'янський (praslovʺjansʹkyj, “Proto-Slavic”)


sala-

sala- + ampuja (“shooter”) → sala-ampuja (“sniper”, literally “secret shooter”)

sala- + kari (“rock”) → salakari (“sunken rock, (figuratively) pitfall”)

sala- + kieli (“language”) → salakieli (“code, cipher, argot”, literally “secret language”)

sala- + kuljettaa (“to transport”) → salakuljettaa (“to smuggle”, literally “to transport secretly”)

sala- + kuunnella (“to listen”) → salakuunnella (“to eavesdrop, bug, wiretap”, literally “to listen secretly”)

sala- + liitto (“alliance, league”) → salaliitto (“conspiracy”, literally “secret alliance/league”)

sala- + murha (“murder”) → salamurha (“assassination”, literally “secret murder”)

sala- + nimi (“name”) → salanimi (“assumed name, pen name, pseudonym, stage name”, literally “secret name”)

sala- + oja (“ditch”) → salaoja (“subsurface drain”, literally “secret ditch”)

sala- + poliisi (“police officer”) → salapoliisi (“detective”, literally “secret police officer”)

sala- + sana (“word”) → salasana (“password”, literally “secret word”)

sala- + seura (“society, club”) → salaseura (“secret society”)


ap

From fab, soft mutation of mab (“son”). Cognate with Breton prefix ab- and more distantly Irish and Scottish Gaelic mac.


organo-

(chemistry, forms adjectives and nouns, sometimes hyphenated) compounds in which an organic group is attached to an inorganic element or grouping


myco-

From Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom or other fungus”) + -o-.

af

mycology, mycosis


dwi-

(chemistry, dated) A designation prefix for undiscovered chemical elements lying two periods under a known element in the periodic table. (For example, rhenium was called dwi-manganese before its discovery in 1925.)


dwi-

From Malay dwi-, from dwi, from Sanskrit द्वि (dvi), from द्व (dvá), from Proto-Indo-European *dwó, *dwóh₁.


dwi-

From dwi, from Sanskrit द्वि (dvi), from द्व (dvá), from Proto-Indo-European *dwó, *dwóh₁.


dwi-

Proto-Armenian:

Old Armenian: երկի- (erki-)

Proto-Germanic: *twi- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *dwi-

Ancient Greek: δι- (di-)

Greek: δι- (di-), δί- (dí-)

Proto-Italic: *dwi-

Latin: bi-, du-

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwi-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dwi-

Sanskrit: द्वि (dvi-, “two”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *dwi-

q

Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬌 (duui, “two”) (as a prefix in some words e.g., 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬛𐬍 (duuidī, “different, various; doubt”)), 𐬠𐬌 (bi, “two- (as prefix)”) (e.g., 𐬠𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬭 (biaiiar, “two-day”))

Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬎𐬌 (uui, “two”) (don't mix up with 𐬬𐬍 (vī, “separate, apart, asunder, through”))

*dwoy-

Proto-Albanian: *duaigā

Albanian: degë

Zero grade form of the numeral *dwóh₁ (“two”).


omni-

omniprésent.

omnivore.


eu-

New Latin, from Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well, good”)

Used to form taxonomic names corresponding to English vernacular names beginning with true


eu-

From Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well, good”).


eu-

From Ancient Greek εὖ (eû). Doublet of z-.

eu- + -fonia → eufonia


hypo-

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”).


hypo-

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”). Doublet of sub-.
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)der.
English hypo-

etymon

(chemistry) Designating oxoacid and oxyanions with a low amount of oxygen.

(music, of a mode) Having a range which extends from a perfect fourth below the tonic to a perfect fifth above.


hypo-

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”). Compare sub-.


ultra-

Greater than normal quantity or importance, as in ultrasecret.

свръх

greater than normal quantity or importance

Beyond, on the far side of, as in ultraviolet.

In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra-wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, page 19:

Excessively, to an extreme, as in ultramicroscopic, ultra-careful.

(augmentative) intensely, extremely, or exceptional


ultra-

ultra- + fialový → ultrafialový


ultra-

[ˈultˢʁ̥ɑˈ-]

[ˈultˢʁ̥ɑˌ-]

ultralyd, ultraviolet

ultra- (beyond, on the far side of; beyond, outside of)

ultralet, ultrakort, ultramoderne, ultratynd

(informal) ultra- (greater than normal quantity or importance, excessively, to an extreme)


ultra-

Internationalism (see English ultra-), ultimately from Latin ultrā.


crypto-

From Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden, secret”).


crypto-

crypto- + crystalline → cryptocrystalline (“whose crystalline nature only becomes apparent at high levels of magnification”)

crypto- + zoology → cryptozoology (“the study of animals whose existence has not been proven”)

crypto- + fascist → cryptofascist

crypto- + -lect → cryptolect (“a secret language”)

crypto- + function → cryptofunction

crypto- + variable → cryptovariable

Relating to cryptography, the study of secret communication.

crypto- + asset → cryptoasset

crypto- + collectible → cryptocollectible


be-

From Middle English be-, bi-, from Old English be- (“be-”), from Proto-Germanic *bi- (“be-”), from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near, by”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at, near”). See by.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian bi- (“be-”), West Frisian be- (“be-”), Dutch be- (“be-”), German Low German be- (“be-”), German be- (“be-”), Danish be- (“be-”), Swedish be- (“be-”). More at by.

beleaguer, bestand, beset, besit

(rare or no longer productive) By, near, next to, around, close to.

begather, belay, belook, bestir, belive, besmell, bewrap

(rare or no longer productive) Around; about.

bewrite, betalk, betell, belie, bemoan, bemourn, bewail, beknow, besing, bespeak

(rare or no longer productive) About, regarding, concerning, over.

beclothe, becall, besee, behold, befall, bedo, beshine, besmile, betone

(rare or no longer productive) On, upon, at, to, in contact with something.

becut, bedeal, betake, bego, behead, belimb, benim, bereave, besleeve, betrunk

(rare or no longer productive) Off, away, over, across

bebreak, begladden, belabour, behate, besmirch, bedazzle

(rare or no longer productive) As an intensifier; i.e. thoroughly, excessively; completely; utterly.

belave, belick, bescatter, bekiss

(rare or no longer productive) All around; about; abundantly; all over.

becalm, bedark, befree, befriend, bedim, beken, benight, benothing, bewet, besmooth, bestrange

(rare or no longer productive) Forming verbs derived from nouns or adjectives, usually with the sense of "to make, become, or cause to be".

besequined, befeathered, beclawed, bewebbed, betasseled, beloved

Similarly, one could argue that if these be-tattooed yogic folk were really so spiritual, they wouldn't feel the need to inform everyone else of this or remind themselves of it, via the medium of the tattoo.

2010 October 17, Hadley Freeman, “Tattoos: what makes one spiritual and another Katona-esque?”, in The Guardian:

(archaic or informal) Used to intensify adjectives meaning "adorned with something", often those with the suffix -ed.


be-

From Dutch be-, from Middle Dutch be-, from Old Dutch bi-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-.

Used to indicate that a verb is acting on a direct object (making an intransitive verb into a transitive verb). Always unstressed.

pyle op die diere skiet → die diere met pyle beskiet

Used to change the direct object of a transitive verb, so that what was previously expressed as an optional prepositional object becomes the direct object and vice versa. Always unstressed.


be-

From Middle Low German be-, from Old Saxon bi-.

hår ("hair") → behåret ("hairy")

hjerte ("heart") → behjertet ("hearty, brave")

Forms adjectives from nouns, with the sense "having noun".

svanger ("pregnant") → besvangre ("impregnate")

rolig ("calm") → berolige ("calm, soothe")

Forms verbs from adjectives, with the sense "making" (adjective); -ify.

tvivle → betvivle ("doubt")

kæmpe → bekæmpe ("fight")

Prepends to verbs, having no effect save making the verb transitive


be-

From Middle Dutch be-, bi-, from Old Dutch bi-, be-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-, from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near, by”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at, near”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian be- (“be-”), West Frisian be- (“be-”), English be-, German Low German be- (“be-”), German be- (“be-”), Swedish be- (“be-”).

huizen op een land bouwen → een land met huizen bebouwen


be-

From Middle High German be-, from Old High German bi-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.

inseparable verbal prefix that signifies working on something or change of state

inseparable verbal prefix that signifies touching the object

inseparable verbal prefix that signifies discussing or mentioning the object


be-

be- + megy (“to go”) → bemegy (“to go into”)

(verbal prefix) in (it indicates actions with inward direction)


be-

From Middle Dutch be-, bi-, from Old Dutch bi-, be-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-.

Inseparable verbal prefix that signifies working on something or change of state.

Inseparable verbal prefix that signifies touching the object.

Inseparable verbal prefix that signifies discussing or mentioning the object.


be-

From Middle High German and Old High German bi-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-, from *bi.


be-

Dutch: be-

Limburgish: be-

From Old Dutch bi-, be-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-.

A verb prefix with a variety of meanings.


be-

From Old Saxon bi-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-. Cognate to bî (“by”).

vallen (to fall) → bevallen (befall, afflict)

bischop besingen – to ordain someone as bishop while chanting

singen (to sing) → besingen (to sing about something; to sing for the merit of something)

Makes an intransitive verb transitive or denotes that the action is targeted at something or accompanying something.

sitten (to sit) → besitten (to sit on top of; to own; to climb onto something; to acquire)

Denotes on top, onto, often used to create figurative meanings.

bûwen (to build) → bebûwen (to build too close to something else; to besiege)


be-

his, her (indicates secondary or alienable possession, in opposition to bi-. See for example akʼah, beʼakʼah)


be-

desctree

Middle English: bi-, be-, by-, b- (in certain words)
English: be-
Scots: be-

An unstressed form of bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi-.

verbs with the sense "around, throughout";

transitive verbs from intransitive verbs, adjectives and nouns

a productive prefix usually used to form verbs and adjectives, especially:


be-

same as German be-, often found in German loanwords, primarily verbs and words based on verbs


be-

be- + efubika (“to cover oneself”) → beefubika (“they cover themselves”)

Form used before a verb beginning with the letter e of ba-


be-

Inherited from Chagatai بی, from Classical Persian بیـ (bē-).


be-

Used to make an indirect object a direct object.

Implies causing or conferring the meaning of the radical.


be-

not; negates the existence of an action or state conveyed by a verb or adjective, in practice chiefly used as negation in the present or future.


be-

Class 2 simple noun prefix, used with nouns whose full prefix is abe-.


cortico-

cortex, usually the adrenal cortex or the cerebral cortex.


or-

From Middle English or-, from Old English or- (“or-”), from Proto-West Germanic *oʀ-, *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”), from Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”). Cognate with West Frisian oar-, Dutch oor-/oer-, German ur-, Gothic 𐌿𐍃- (us-). Identical with Old English ā- (“a-”), and the German borrowing English ur-. More at a-.

ordalian, ordeal, orlay, ort

(no longer productive) From the outset; original; out; out of; without.


or-

From Old Dutch ur-, or-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-.

A prefix with a variety of meanings, but originally meaning "out" or "original".


or-

Middle English: or-

English: or-

From Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”), from unstressed Proto-Indo-European *uss-, from *uds- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old High German ur-, ir-, ar-, er-. More at out.


or-

gor- (mutation mutation-radical)
or- (mutation mutation-soft)
ngor- (mutation mutation-nasal)


entre-

entredonner

(chiefly verbal prefix) reciprocally; to each other


entre-

entreferir


entre-

entre- + pôr (“to put”) → entrepor (“to put between”)

entre- + cena (“scene”) → entrecena (“interval between scenes”)

entre- + cortar (“to cut”) → entrecortar (“to cut in a grid”)

entre- + laçar (“to enlace”) → entrelaçar (“to interweave”)

entre- + abrir (“to open”) → entreabrir (“to open slightly”)

entre- + ver (“to see”) → entrever (“to catch a glimpse of”)


entre-

Inherited from Latin inter-. Doublet of inter-.


physio-

From Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis, “nature”).


δια-

Prefixing form of the preposition διά (diá).

δια- (dia-) + βαίνω (baínō) → διαβαίνω (diabaínō, “step across, pass over”)

δια- (dia-) + σκεδάννῡμι (skedánnūmi) → διασκεδάννῡμι (diaskedánnūmi, “scatter, disperse”)

in different directions
of separation: asunder, apart

δια- (dia-) + φωνέω (phōnéō) → διαφωνέω (diaphōnéō, “be dissonant, disagree”)

δια- (dia-) + ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnízomai) → διαγωνίζομαι (diagōnízomai, “contend, struggle against”)

δια- (dia-) + ᾄδω (ā́idō) → διᾴδω (diā́idō, “contend in singing”)

in different directions
of mutual relation: one with another

δια- (dia-) + πέμπω (pémpō) → διαπέμπω (diapémpō, “send off in different directions, send to and fro”)

δια- (dia-) + πρέπω (prépō) → διαπρέπω (diaprépō, “appear prominent, strike the eye”)

δια- (dia-) + μάχομαι (mákhomai) → διαμάχομαι (diamákhomai, “fight it out”)

δια- (dia-) + γαληνίζω (galēnízō) → διαγαληνίζω (diagalēnízō, “make quite calm”)

to add strength: thoroughly, out and out

δια- (dia-) + λευκός (leukós) → διάλευκος (diáleukos, “somewhat white”)


Italo-

Italo- + -phile → Italophile

Italo- + Austrian → Italo-Austrian


ovo-

This being just at the height of the culte de la mayonnaise then sweeping Belgium, oversize exhibits of the ovoöleaginous emulsion were to be encountered at every hand.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, p. 611: [cf. oleaginous]


ter-

base (verb)
base (adjective)
base (adverb)

From Malay ter-, from Classical Malay ter-, from Proto-Malayic *tAr-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-, from Proto-Austronesian *taʀ-.

ter- + tidur (“sleep”) → tertidur (“(accidentally) slept”)

accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb

ter- + jatuh (“fall”) → terjatuh (“(suddenly) fall”)

momentane aspect of the passive intransitive verb

ter- + letak (“to place”) → terletak (“have been placed”)

ter- + sangka (“to suspect”) → tersangka (“to be suspected”)

ter- + sangka (“to suspect”) → tersangka (“suspect”)

(law) noun derivative from perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb

ter- + beli (“to buy”) → terbeli (“to be able to buy”)

ter- + besar (“big”) → terbesar (“biggest”)

ter- + panjang (“long”) → terpanjang (“longest”)

used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs.


ter-

PIE word
 *dwís
Inherited from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

ter- + brääke (“to break”) → terbrääke (“to break in two”)

(inseperable verbal prefix) asunder, to pieces, to bits, in two


ter-

From Classical Malay ter-, from Proto-Malayic *tAr-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-, from Proto-Austronesian *taʀ-.


schizo-

From Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”). Doublet of shit and shite.


af-

From Old Norse af-. Compare German ab-, Swedish av-.

tabuisere (“to taboo”) -> aftabuisere (“to detaboo”)

klassificere (“classify, make classified (secret)”) -> afklassificere (“declassify, make unclassified”)

militarisere (“militarize”) -> afmilitarisere (“demilitarize”)

mystificere (“mystify”) -> afmystificere (“demystify”)

rive (“rip”) -> afrive (“rip off”)

skrælle (“peel”) -> afskrælle


af-

From Old Norse af-, from Proto-Germanic *aba-.


af-

ofcuman, afcuman


af-

From Proto-Germanic *aba-. Cognate with Old Norse æf-.


af-

From Proto-Germanic *aba-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).

inh

afgevan/afgeƀan (“to give up, surrender”)

Forming verbs and adjectives with the sense of "off", "away", "from", "out of", "away from"

afbrekan (“break down, pluck”)

afheldian (“go down, end”)


af-

af- (mutation mutation-radical)
haf- (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *aβ̃-, from Proto-Celtic *am-, allophonic variant of *an- before *b and *ɸ.

af- + glân (“clean; honest”) → aflan (“corrupt, evil”)

af- + llwyddiannus (“successful”) → aflwyddiannus (“unsuccessful”)

af- + rhwydd (“easy”) → afrwydd (“difficult”)

af- + iechyd (“health”) → afiechyd (“sickness, illness”)

not, un-, non-, an-, dis-, negative prefix


huvud-

Huvud (“head”) used as a prefix. Compare similar prefixal use with Danish hoved-, Norwegian Bokmål hoved-, Norwegian Nynorsk hovud-, English head (the adjective), German haupt- and Dutch hoofd-.


iz-

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'out', 'out of' (like German aus- or Russian из- (iz-)).


iz-

From Proto-Slavic *jьz-. Prefixed form of the preposition iz.

iz- + sušīti (“to dry”) → izsušīti (“to dry”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

iz- + líti (“to pour”) → izlíti (“to pour out”)

iz- + prosīti (“to ask”) → izprosīti (“to get by asking”)


l-

(chemistry) deprecated notation for levorotatory (versus modern notation, (−)).


l-

Produced from an earlier combination of the two classifiers ł- + d-.

néíłtsááh

náltsááh

valence-change prefix
valence-change prefix#English

the l- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, and occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ł- classifier


hin-

Adverbial and separable verbal prefix that indicates a movement away from the speaker


hin-

alternative form of hing-, if the stem starts with the letter ⟨d⟩, ⟨l⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨t⟩.


sve-

Prefix prepended to adjectives to create an adjective of a more general meaning. (sve (“all”)).


bes-

before; used to form words meaning "two times"


bes-

Alternative form of bez-; used before voiceless consonants

-less, prefix prepended to adjectives to create an adjective denoting a deprivation of a feature


vele-

Prefix prepended to adjectives to create an adjective denoting an intensified feature, generally meaning well, very or highly.


za-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za-. Prefixed form of the preposition za.

za- + jít → zajít

Zašel za strom.

Slunce zašlo za mraky.

behind, off (out of the field of vision) (used with the preposition za)

za- + hnout → zahnout

za- + bodnout → zabodnout

za- + milovat (“to love”) → zamilovat se (“fall in love”)

Nikdy se nechci zamilovat.

za- + krýt → zakrýt

za- + balit → zabalit

za- + růst → zarůst

za- + malovat → zamalovat

za- + stínit → zastínit

Ulice se zalidnily.

covering by carrying out another activity, cover over, block

za- + plavat → zaplavat si

Chci si jít zaplavat.

za- + tančit → zatančit si

za- + kouřit → zakouřit si

activity carried out with pleasure (with reflexive si)

za- + poslouchat → zaposlouchat se

Zaposlouchal se do hudby.

za- + číst → začíst se

za- + myslet → zamyslet se

Nad otázkou se hluboce zamyslel.

immerse in, full devotion to an activity

za- + hodit → zahodit

za- + bít → zabít

za- + střelit → zastřelit

za- + dýchat (“to breathe”) → zadýchat se (“to get out of breath”)

Zadýchám se, když běžím nahoru po schodech.

za- + stoupit → zastoupit

za- + měnit (“to change”) → zaměnit (“to mix up, to swap”)

Jo, je dobré to trochu zaměnit.

za- + topit → zatopit

za- + pálit → zapálit

(inchoative usage) to begin (not a common usage)

Zakarpatsko (“Transcarpathia”)

Zakavkazsko (“Transcaucasia”)


za-

Polish: za-

za- + ślepy → zaślepić


za-

Inherited from Old Polish za-, from Proto-Slavic *za-.

za- + kryć → zakryć

forms perfective semelfactive verbs, usually indicating a thorough or irreversible action


za-

Prefix prepended to adjectives to create an adjective denoting a finished action.


za-

From Proto-Slavic *za-. Prefixed form of the preposition za.

za- + čutīti (“to feel”) → začutīti (“to feel”)

za- + īti (“to go”) → zaíti (“to set (of the sun)”)

za- + brésti (“to wade”) → zabrésti (“to wade into”)

za- + díhati (“to breathe”) → zadíhati (“to start to breathe”)

za- + īti (“to go”) → zaíti (“to go astray”)

za- + kọ̑ckati (“to play dice”) → zakọ̑ckati (“to gamble away”)

za- + govorīti (“to speak”) → zagovorīti (“to talk for a long time/too long”)

za- + mésti (“to snow”) → zamésti (“to snow in, to cover in snow”)


za-

mjêszkac + za- → zamjêszkac

ochac + za- → zaochac

forms perfective verbs with an inchoative meaning


za-

Contraction of zi- + -a- (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((X))]] gnomic”).


gynaeco-

From Ancient Greek γυναικός (gunaikós), genitive of γυνή (gunḗ).


gamo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos).

e.g. gamomania, gamophobia

e.g. gamodeme, gamogenesis, gamophyte

e.g. gamopetalous, gamosepalous, gamophyllous


euro-

euro- + biurokrata → eurobiurokrata


euro-

Euro- (pertaining to the European Union)


euro-

Euro- (forms words relating to Europe and the European Union)


euro-

Euro- (forms words relating to European Union)

(Spain) relating to Eurovision (e.g. eurovisivo, eurofan eurodrama)


ramm-

From Old Norse rammr (“powerful, strong of body, mighty of capability; bitter of taste”), from Proto-Germanic *rammaz (“strong, overbearing”). Sometimes spelled ramr, as in hamramr.

aukinn → rammaukinn

efldur → rammefldur

dýr → ramdýr

íslenskur → rammíslenskur

pólitískur → rammpólitískur

skakkur → rammskakkur

an emphatic prefix meaning extremely or strongly


war-

From the 1983 movie WarGames, which featured war-dialing.

Relating to gaining access to network resources, such as Wi-Fi, by locating and exploiting unprotected access addresses.


高麗

Goguryeo
Goryeo
Koma clan
Man'yōshū
ja:高麗 (曖昧さ回避)

⟨ko₂ma⟩ → */koma/ → /koma/
From Old Japanese. As phonetic evidence, appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
May be a Baekje ethnonym.
Alternatively, may be a Goguryeo word or name, given the history of the Koma clan, Goguryeo migrants to Eastern Honshū during the 660s.

indicates something that was originally imported from the Korean Peninsula

高麗人

a person from the Goguryeo or Goryeo kingdoms on the Korean peninsula

高麗楽, 狛楽

a kind of traditional court music originally imported via the Korean Peninsula

高麗錦, 狛錦

a kind of lace originally imported via the Korean Peninsula

高麗剣, 狛剣

a kind of sword originally imported via the Korean Peninsula


petro-

* From Latin petra (“stone, rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “stone, rock”).
* Clipping of petroleum.

der

(neologism) oil export, sometimes as a source of funding


petro-

* From Latin petra (“stone, rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “stone, rock”).


zer-

more common; except when provided with emphatic stress

Middle High German zer-, ze-, zu-
Assumed to be fused from er- and an old prefix ze-, already denoting an aspect of dissolvement and asunderness. The latter is probably cognate with Middle Low German to- of the same meaning. All are ultimately from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís, thus further cognate with Latin dis- as in English dissolve.

(inseparable verbal prefix) asunder, to pieces, to bits


ent-

Steviol is ent-13-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid.


ent-

From Old High German ant-, from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *andi-, *anþi-, representative of a combining form of "and".
Cognate with Middle Dutch ont- (Dutch ont-), Old English and-, ond- (English un-), Old Norse and- (Swedish an-), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-), Danish und-.

Inseparable verb prefix indicating removing something from the object, from, away from, off.

Inseparable verb prefix indicating a conversion to the opposite, a reversion.

Inseparable verb prefix indicating the beginning of something.

In the nomenclature of organic chemistry (natural compounds), a sterochemical descriptor prefix (before entire compound name) meaning enantiomer.


C-

Chinese; used to denote nouns relating to the (popular) culture of China.


D-

From d-glyceraldehyde, old name of (+)-glyceraldehyde.

(chemistry) one of two mirror-image forms of an isomer (enantiomer) derived from (R)-glyceraldehyde. Written in small caps.


D-

From deca-/deka-. From French SI metric system origins. From Latin decas, from Ancient Greek δέκα (déka, “10”).

Coordinate term: d- (deci-)

(metrology) Nonstandard form of da- (“deca-”).


D-

D‐ (canonical)
di maineoseu (romanization)

오늘은 여행 D‐2야.
Oneur-eun yeohaeng dimaineoseu‐i-ya.
It is 2 days before the trip today.


muurahais-

[ˈmuːrɑ̝ɦɑ̝i̯s̠-]

Combining form of muurahainen; formic, ant


she-

hun

the prefix she- for a female animal or a woman


she-

You ____ her/someone

You ____ them

pronominal prefix for a first person singular agent and a third person feminine/indefinite patient


she-

my, me (indicates secondary or alienable possession, in opposition to shi-. See for example abeʼ, sheʼabeʼ)


pysty-

Coordinate term: vaaka-


cross-

From Middle English cros-, crosse- (“relating to a cross, forming a cross, in the shape of a cross or x”), from the noun (see cross) and also from across.

e.g. crossbody, crossbuck, cross-stitch

Shaped like a cross or X; crossing lines.

e.g. crossbedding, crossband, crossmember

. See visuals for difference between crossband and crossbuck.

e.g. crossfeed as the process of blending the left and right channels of a stereo recording, crossfader, cross-link

Moving from one side to the other; across.

(figurative) Moving from one track or state to another.

e.g. crosstown, cross-cousin, cross-ratio

e.g. crossfield, cross-city. When used for a rectangular space, this movement is typically diagonal, such as in crossbelt and crosscourt.

e.g. crossflow, cross-beat, cross-vote

Moving or acting against, opposing, contrary.

e.g. cross-passage, cross-tunnel, crossfire

Located in between. Often, but not necessarily, forming an H-shaped structure.

e.g. crossbreak, crosspost, crosscurrent

The room was a cross-mixture of voices.
"Come in Kelly 4.[…]"
"Come in Stanhope.[…]"
"Evans 9. Confirm.[…]"

1967 May, William F. Nolan, George Clayton Johnson, Logan's Run, Bantam, published 1976, →ISBN, page 14:

More than one, often in indicating applicability to several domains that are usually separate.

Involving two or more at the same time; coincident.

e.g. crossdate, crossvalidated, crosscovariance

Comparing two sources of information, often to verify their contents.

e.g. crossbreed, cross-pollinate, crosslinear

To combine two entities to create a hybrid.

e.g. crosslingual, cross-browser, crossfunctional, cross-cultural

e.g. crosstalk, crossrepression, crosscalibration, cross-progress

Mutual exchange or influence, where both entities are affected in the same way. Mutuality.

tras-

expressing mutuality or exchange; switch

e.g. crossregulation, crossfeed, crossprotection

To crossfeed as to supply one fuel tank of an aircraft with fuel from another. To crossregulate is when one metabolic pathway is regulated by the enzymes in another pathway. These are one-way influences, whereas the previous sense of mutuality has symmetric two-way influences; e.g. crossrepression is mutual repression of interacting systems.

One entity affecting a similar entity, such as to transfer of one property from one entity to the other.

e.g. cross-tune, cross-birth, cross-live


haemato-

Representing the combining form of Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

Back in the late ’90s, when vampirism became fashionable owing to the international popularity of the novel Dracula … A subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange had apparently been reserved for the use of hæmatophages, as they were then known

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, p. 801: [compare -phage]


نا

Turkish: na-

ناـ + تمام (tamâm, “complete, perfect”) → ناتمام (nâtamâm, “incomplete, imperfect”)

ناـ + امید (ümid, “hope”) → ناامید (nâümid, “hopeless”)


نا

ناـ (canonical)
nā- (romanization)
ना- (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ناـ (nā-).

bor+

ناـ (nā-) + پاک (pāk, “clean”) → ناپاک (nāpāk, “unclean”)

ناـ (nā-) + ممکن (“possible”) → ناممکن (“impossible”)


نا

Inherited from Chagatai ناـ, from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

ناـ (na-) + تامام (tamam, “complete, perfect”) → ناتامام (natamam, “incomplete, imperfect”)

ناـ (na-) + ئۈمىد (ümid, “hope”) → نائۈمىد (na'ümid, “hopeless”)


aller-

Det er det allersørgeligste, jeg nogensinde har hørt.

That is the very saddest thing I have ever heard.

Intensifying prefix for superlatives: very; of them all


aller-

From Middle Dutch aller-, alder-, the genitive plural of alle (“all”). The prefix thus literally translates to "of all", yielding adjectives such as allerergst (from ergst (“worst”)) which literally translates to "the worst of all". Words formed this way are thus effectively univerbations.

Zijn allergrootste verdriet was dat zijn zoon de zaak niet wilde overnemen.

The greatest of all his sorrows was that his son did not want to take over the business.


aller-

From aller, the genitive form of alle (“all”), from Middle High German al, from Old High German al, from Proto-Germanic *allaz. Compare English all-, English alder-.

aller- + erste (“first”) → allererste (“very first”)

aller- + größte Stadt (“the biggest city”) → allergrößte Stadt (“the very biggest city / the biggest city of them all”)

aller- + meist (“most”) → allermeist (“almost all”)

aller- + herzlichst (“most cordially”) → allerherzlichst (literally “all-most-cordially”)

Ich will aber mal die allerallerbeste Ritterin werden.

1988, Cornelia Funke, Igraine Ohnefurcht, page 84:


över-

From Old Swedish yver, from Old Norse yfir.


pika-

pika- (nominative singular)
pikaa (partitive singular)
piakkoin (singular temporal)
pikana (essive singular)
pian (instructive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *pika (compare Estonian pea, Karelian pika, Livonian pigā, Veps piga, Votic pigaa), possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *fiką (compare Danish fige, Swedish fika (“to strive (for)”)).

pikainen

pikajuna

pikanuudeli

summary (performed speedily and without formal ceremony)


sonder-

From Proto-Germanic *sundraz (“separate, isolated, alone”).


ត្រី

km-prefix

ត្រី • (trəy)

tri-, three, triple (prefix used in words of Indic origin)


n-

(organic chemistry) normal-form of a functional group (or molecule), being the long-chain form (unbranched chain)


n-

(prefixed to nouns, used before consonants) my

(prefixed to verbs, used before consonants) I (exclusive we)


n-

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne.

Used to negate the pronoun or adverb which follows it, yielding the same part of speech


n-

forms intransitive or reflexive verbs from existing verbs


n-

Alternative form of m- (noun-forming prefix) before labial consonants


n-

I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)


n-

From Arabic نَ (na, first-person plural imperfect prefix). The use also for the first-person singular is found in Maghrebi Arabic dialects.

inh

n- + kiteb (“he wrote”) → nikteb (“I write”)

First-person prefix in the imperfect conjugation


n-

l-

from assimilation to following consonants


n-

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


n-

nguo nzuri

ulimi (“tongue”) → ndimi (“tongues”)

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((IX/X))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting animals and miscellaneous nouns as well as their plurals, and plurals of some [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] nouns


n-

n- + -kora (“to do”) → nkora (“I do”)

n- + -ha (“to give”) → mpa (“give me”)

positive imperative form of -n- (“me; 1st person singular object concord”)


n-

Cognate to prefixes analyzed as object nominalizers, switching nominalized forms from nouns of action to nouns referring to the patient argument. The Caura River form has a rather different scope of use.

Marks that (person markers on) a derivation from a transitive verb refer to the agent argument of the verb rather than the patient argument; used with verbs adverbialized with -e or nominalized with -dü or -'jüdü.


n-

ewü (first-person pronoun)
y- (first-person)
ü- (first-person)
u- (first-person)
w- (agent first-person transitive)
w- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
wi- (agent first-person transitive)
wi- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
küwü (dual first-person inclusive pronoun)
k- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
k- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
k- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
kü- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
kü- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ku- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ku- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ki- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ki- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
k- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kii- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ki- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
amödö (pronoun second-person)
ö- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ö- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ö- (patient second-person transitive)
ö- (possessive second-person)
ö- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
öy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
öy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
öy- (patient second-person transitive)
öy- (possessive second-person)
öy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ödh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ödh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ödh- (patient second-person transitive)
ödh- (possessive second-person)
ödh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
o- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
o- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
o- (patient second-person transitive)
o- (possessive second-person)
o- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
oy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
oy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
oy- (patient second-person transitive)
oy- (possessive second-person)
oy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
odh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
odh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
odh- (patient second-person transitive)
odh- (possessive second-person)
odh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
a- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
a- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
a- (patient second-person transitive)
a- (possessive second-person)
a- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ay- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ay- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ay- (patient second-person transitive)
ay- (possessive second-person)
ay- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
adh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
adh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
adh- (patient second-person transitive)
adh- (possessive second-person)
adh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
m- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
m- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
mi- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
mi- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
nña (dual exclusive first-person pronoun)
y- (dual exclusive first-person)
dh- (dual exclusive first-person)
ch- (dual exclusive first-person)
i- (dual exclusive first-person)
chö- (direct-object dual exclusive first-person postpositional)
n- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
n- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ni- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ni- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
tüwü (pronoun third-person)
y- (third-person)
dh- (third-person)
ch- (third-person)
i- (third-person)
chö- (direct-object postpositional third-person)
n- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
ni- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
tüwü (distant-past past pronoun)
kün- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kün- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kun- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kun- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kin- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kin- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ken- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ken- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
küm- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
küm- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kum- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kum- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kim- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kim- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kini- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kini- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
t- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
t- (possessive reflexive)
t- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tü- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tü- (possessive reflexive)
tü- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tu- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tu- (possessive reflexive)
tu- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
ti- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
ti- (possessive reflexive)
ti- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
te- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
te- (possessive reflexive)
te- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
öö- (agent patient reciprocal transitive)
öö- (agent-like intransitive patient-like reciprocal)
öö- (direct-object postpositional reciprocal)
mön- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mön- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
k- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
k- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)

Marks a nonderived transitive verb as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.

Marks a nonderived intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument as having a third-person argument/subject.


örlogs-

See örlig (“war”), from Old Norse ørlǫg, from Proto-Germanic *uzlagą. Cognate Dutch oorlog (“war”).


idio-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek ἴδιος (ídios, “own, personal, distinct”).

der

idio-

individuality, peculiarity or separateness


keino-

keinokuitu

keinosilkki


keitto-

keittosuola

keittokirja


온

Contracted from Middle Korean 오ᄋᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: wòón), 오온〮 (Yale: wòwón), from unattested *오ᄫᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: *wòWón), from pre-Middle Korean . Compare Yukjin Korean 오분 (obun, “whole, entire”), preserving the lost */p/.
Originally equivalent to the adnominal form of 오ᄋᆞᆯ〮다〮 (Yale: wòól-tá, “to become whole”), from pre-Middle Korean wòpól-, but the verb is obsolete in modern Korean and the etymology is not transparent.


둘-

Probably the yin-vowel form of 돌 (dol-, “stony, sterile”).


entomo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἔντομον (éntomon, “insect”).


entomo-

From Ancient Greek ἔντομος (éntomos, “dissected”).


entomo-

entomo- + -fag → entomofag


entomo-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔντομος (éntomos, “dissected”).


Luso-

From Latin Lūsitānia (“Ancient Roman province comprising most of modern Portugal and part of Spain”).

uder

Relating to Portugal or the Portuguese people, language, or culture.


맨

First attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean ᄆᆡᆫ (Yale: mòyn). Most likely a yang-vowel ablaut variant of 믠 (Yale: mùyn), whence modern 민 (min-, “bare; naked; unadorned”). See there for more.

ruby

􂀿具􂁀(구)􂀿本􂁀(본)􂀿寬􂁀(관)

具(구)本(본)寬(관)

lang

具(구)本(본)寬(관)


avo-

From Proto-Finnic *avoi. Related to avata and avoin.

avopäinen

bare (without clothing in a part of body)


thia-

Used to form the names of chemical compounds containing sulfur, especially where a sulfur atom replaces an oxygen atom in an analogous compound


δυσ-

From Proto-Indo-European *dus-. Cognate to Proto-Germanic *tuz- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”) (English tore).


apulais-

Combining form of apulainen; associate, deputy, vice-, under-


chromato-

From Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”).


chromato-

chromato- + -grafia → chromatografia


cyklo-

cyklo- + -gram → cyklogram


ofer-

Middle English: over-

English: over-

From Proto-Germanic *uber. See ofer (“over”).

used to form nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions having intensive force, or with a sense of "going over, above"


vähä-

vähä-älyinen

vähärasvainen

low-, having little, having less (signifying low quantity or content)

Vähä-Aasia

minor, lesser (signifying small size, especially in names)


před-

Předjordánsko

Předlitavsko


bắc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北 (“north”). Compare bấc (as in gió bấc (“northern wind”)).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bắc.wav

Bắc Ai-len


immuno-

Relating to the immune systems and processes in a living organism.


ný-

new-, denoting actions or happenings occurring newly, or recently


höfuð-

höfuðhlutur

the upper part of the body, antonym; fótahlutur

lítill höfuðburður að (to do little honour, credit)

Svo líst mér sem lítill höfuðburður muni mér að þessu barnfóstri

Höfuðlaus herra

höfuðlaus m or f, höfuðlaust n (with out a leader or master)


hapto-

(chemistry, biology) attachment or binding; adhesion


laparo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek λαπάρα (lapára, “flank”), from λαπαρός (laparós, “slack, weak, hollow”).


laparo-

From Ancient Greek λαπάρα (lapára, “flank”), from λαπαρός (laparós, “slack, weak, hollow”).


авиа-

Abbreviation of авиа́ция (aviácija, “aviation”).


електро-

Internationalism, ultimately from Latin ēlectrum (“amber”), from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber”).


електро-

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-електро-.wav


chiro-

From New Latin chiro-, from Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”).

chireme; chirogram


chiro-

Borrowed from New Latin chiro-, from Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”).


chiro-

chiro- + -graf → chirograf


bur-

From Old English burh (“fortified place”).

Placename prefix, indicated site of a fortified place.


а-

ажвлара

(definite) article, attached to Abaza words, denoting definiteness.

Акъва атранспорт

(possessive prefix) its, belonging to a non-human object


а-

аҳаирплан иҧыруеит

ашəҟəыҩҩцәа Аҟәаҟа ицеит

(definite) article, attached to Abkhaz words, denoting definiteness.

сагеит

(3rd person singular inanimate pronoun) it, used as the subject in transitive verbs

Аҟәа атранспорт

(3rd person singular inanimate possessive prefix) its, belonging to non-human 3rd-person singular

адырра

аҧсшәа аҳəара

аиааира

the infinitive form of a verb, denoting there is no definite subject. See also -ра


а-

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) when immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”).

а- (a-) + теи́зъм (teízǎm) → атеи́зъм (ateízǎm)

а- (a-) + типи́чен (tipíčen) → атипи́чен (atipíčen)

а- (a-) + мора́лен (morálen) → амора́лен (amorálen)

а- (a-) + полити́чен (politíčen) → аполити́чен (apolitíčen)

a-; the privative a, a prefix expressing negation or absence.


а-

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Doublet of не.

а- + со̏ција̄лан → а̏соција̄лан

а- + симѐтрија → асимѐтрија

а- + brahija → абрахија

Prefix prepended to words to denote a negation, deprivation or absence of a property denoted by base word.


а-

(definite) article, attached to Ubykh words, denoting definiteness.

pronominal prefix of the 3rd person in verbs, subjects, subjects of action, direct and indirect objects in the plural and singular.


अप-

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo. Cognate with Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (apa, “away”), Avestan 𐬀𐬞𐬀 (apa), Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu), Latin ab (“from”), Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”), Proto-Slavic *po.


𒀀𒀊𒉺

a-ap-pa (romanization)
āppa (romanization)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó, the same preposition/prefix that gave Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “from; because of”) and Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu, “from”), Sanskrit अप (apa, “away, off”), Latin ab (“from”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (a-p /apa/, “away”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆 (af, “of”), Old English æf (“of”), Proto-Slavic *po.


L-

From l-glyceraldehyde, old name of (−)-glyceraldehyde.

(chemistry) one of two mirror-image forms of an isomer (enantiomer) derived from (S)-glyceraldehyde. Written in small caps.


öndvegis-

From öndvegis (“of a seat or place of honour”) the genitive of öndvegi (“a seat or place of honour”).

Þetta er öndvegisbjór.


겹

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆲ (Yale: kolp).

ko-etym-native

쌓이다 (ssaida, “to pile up”) → 겹쌓이다 (gyeopssaida, “to pile up repeatedly”)

저고리 (jeogori, “jeogori”) → 겹저고리 (gyeopjeogori, “double jeogori”)

a prefix that adds a meaning of overlapping or repetition


umpi-

From Proto-Finnic *umpi, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”), which was perhaps already borrowed into Proto-Finno-Saamic (compare Northern Sami oppa (“whole; quite a”)). Alternatively possibly related to Komi-Zyrian об (ob).

der

umpikuja

dead-end (alley) (literally, “closed/solid alley”)

umpihullu

umpihumalainen

umpikännissä

When prefixed to an adjective or adverb, indicates that the quality described by the adjective or adverb is total.


umpi-

Indicates that a noun is closed or solid.


up-

From Middle English up-, from Old English ūp- (“up-”), from ūp (“up, from above”). Cognate with Dutch op- (“up-”), German auf- (“up-”). More at up.

Over time the engine's power was uprated.

The uptake of tickets increased dramatically after the favorable review.

Used to indicate higher position or direction, literally or figuratively.


up-

Middle English: up-

English: up-


hoofd-

From Middle Dutch hôvet-, from Old Dutch hōvit-, from Proto-West Germanic *haubida- (“main”), derived from the noun *haubid (“head”) (whence Dutch hoofd). Cognate with German haupt- and Old English hēafod-.


𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹

From Proto-Iranian *Habí, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰi (compare Sanskrit अभि (abhí, “towards, over, upon”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”).
Compare Latin ambi-, Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “for, about, around”), Old High German umbi (“around”), Old Irish imb (“around”).


bin-

Alternative form of bi- (sometimes used before a vowel)


samo-

samo- + chodzić → samochód

samo- + lubić → samolubny

samo- + czynny → samoczynny

samo- + chodzić → samochód


dam-

head

dam- (class B & C infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)


dam-

dam- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddam- (mutation mutation-soft)
nam- (mutation mutation-nasal)

Proto-Celtic *do-ambi-, from *do- + *ambi-, equivalent to dy- (“to, together”) + am- (“around”).

dam- + cylchu (“to circle, to surround”) → damgylchu (“to encompass, to surround”)

dam- + amcanu (“to estimate”) → damcanu (“to conjecture, to speculate”)


peroxy-

(chemistry) Used to name compounds containing the divalent peroxy -O-O- radical

perossi-

prefix used to name compounds containing the divalent peroxy -O-O- radical


tetrakis-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τετράκις (tetrákis, “four times”).

bor

(mathematics) Synonym of tetra- used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix.

tetrakisazobenzine

(chemistry, obsolete) Synonym of tetra- used before vowels.

tetrakis-(trichloromethyl)-benzene, benzene with four trichloromethyl groups attached

tetrakis-hydroxymethyl~phosphonium chloride

tetrakis(methylthio)methane, (MeS)₄C

tetrakis(p-dimethylaminophenyl)hydrazine

(chemistry) Synonym of tetra- used for substitutions of four complex rather than simple units, as in


down-

From Middle English down-, doun-, dun-, from Old English dūne- (“down-”), from dūne (“down, downward”). More at down.

Those bonds have been downrated.

The end of the ride was a long coast downhill.

Lower position or direction, literally or figuratively.

I tried to downplay the importance of the scandal.


anthro-

(nonstandard) Alternative form of anthropo-


spectro-

spektro-

forming words relating to optical spectra


abs-

Alternative form of ab-; away from; from; outside of.


aniso-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek ἄνισος (ánisos, “unequal”), equivalent to an- + iso-.

uder

unequal; not the same; not the selfsame: forming compounds words; often formed to contrast with similar words in iso-).


aniso-

From Ancient Greek ἄνισος (ánisos, “unequal”).


hyps-

From Ancient Greek ὕψος (húpsos, “height”).


hyps-

From Ancient Greek ὕψι (húpsi, “aloft, on high, on the high seas”).


hypso-

hypsarrhythmia is the electroencephalographic features of random high-voltage slow waves and spikes seen in patients with infantile spasms, hypsodont is describing teeth that have tall crowns, hypsicephalic is having a high (tall) forehead

hypsophobia is fear of heights, hypsophyll is any of the flower parts derived from high leaves, including petals, sepals, tepals, and bracts, hypsophonous is having a high voice

hypsochromic is of a change in the position of a spectral band, to a higher frequency, Hypsibema is a species thought to have walked on erect toes.


hypso-

hypsography is the measurement of altitude or depth versus area, hypsometer is an instrument that measures altitude indirectly by measuring the boiling point of water (which varies with atmospheric pressure), hypsometry is the measurement of elevation relative to sea level.

Altitude or elevation; aloft, from on high.


erki-

Icelandic: erki-

Norwegian Nynorsk: erke-

From Latin archi-, through Old English ærce-.


arci-

Borrowed from Medieval Latin arci-, from Latin archi-, from Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-), from ἄρχω (árkhō, “to begin, to lead, to rule, to govern”).

arci- + biskup → arcibiskup


arci-

desctree

Old English: arċe-, ærċe-, erċe-
Middle English: arche-
English: arch-

Old Frisian: erze-, arse-

West Frisian: aarts-

Old Saxon: erci-

Middle High German: erse-, ertze-

Old Dutch: arci-

Middle Dutch: aerts-, erts-

Dutch: aarts-

Old High German: erzi-, arzi-

Middle High German: erze-, erz-

German: erz-


foto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φωτο- (phōto-), from φῶς (phôs, “light”).


foto-

Derived from Ancient Greek φωτο- (phōto-), from φῶς (phôs, “light”).


foto-

From Ancient Greek φωτο- (phōto-), from φῶς (phôs, “light”).


foto-

Internationalism (see English photo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs).


foto-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs, “light”).


foto-

From the combining form φωτω- (phōtō-) of Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs).


foto-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φωτω (phōtō).

lbor

foto- + -graf → fotograf


foto-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek φωτός (phōtós), from φῶς (phôs, “light”).


foto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φωτο- (phōto-), from φῶς (phôs, “light”) (genitive singular φωτός (phōtós)).


श्री

head

श्री • (śrī-)

mr-prefix

श्री • (śrī-)

Inherited from Old Marathi श्री (śrī), from Sanskrit श्री (śrī).


श्री

ne-prefix

श्री • (śrī-)


श्री

head

श्री • (śrī)

→ Assamese: শ্রী

→ Bengali: শ্রী (sri)

→ Burmese: သီရိ (siri.)

→ Gujarati: શ્રી (śrī)

→ Hindi: श्री (śrī)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: śrī
> Javanese: ꦱꦿꦶ (sri) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬰ᭄ᬭᬶ (sri)

Indonesian: sri

→ Kannada: ಶ್ರೀ (śrī)

→ Khmer: ស្រី (srəy), សិរី (serəy)

→ Malay: seri

→ Malayalam: ശ്രീ (śrī)

→ Nepali: श्री (śrī)

→ Old Marathi: श्री (śrī)

Marathi: श्री (śrī)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀼 (tiru)
Malayalam: തിരു (tiru)
Tamil: திரு (tiru)

→ Odia: ଶ୍ରୀ (śri)

→ Punjabi: شری (śrī), ਸ਼੍ਰੀ (śrī)

→ Sinhalese: ශ්රී (śrī)

→ Tamil: ஶ்ரீ (śrī)

→ Telugu: శ్రీ (śrī)

→ Thai: ศรี (sǐi)

→ Urdu: سری (srī)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śriHrás with apocopation, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćriHrás. Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬍𐬭𐬀 (srīra). Doublet of श्रील (śrīlá) and श्रीर (śrīrá)

inh+

e.g. श्रीदुर्गा (śrī-durgā), श्रीराम (śrī-rāma)

honorific prefix appended to certain names to mean "sacred" or "holy"

e.g. श्रीजयदेव (śrī-jayadeva)

used as a respectful title (like "Reverend") to the names of eminent persons as well as of celebrated works and sacred objects


tví-

From Old Norse, from Proto-Germanic *twi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-, a zero-grade form of *dwóh₁ (“two”).


tví-

Icelandic: tví-

Faroese: tví-

Norwegian Nynorsk: tvi-

Swedish: tve-

Danish: tve-

Norwegian Bokmål: tve-

From Proto-Germanic *twi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-, a zero-grade form of *dwóh₁ (“two”). See also Old English twī-.


anaali-

[ˈɑ̝nɑ̝ːli-]


onycho-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux).

(anatomy, medicine) Nail: Relating to fingernails, toenails, or homologous structures such as claws or hooves.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


onycho-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux).


Mc-

A patronymic used to form common Irish and Scottish names, similar to the English -son.

Mc- + shit → McShit

Mc- + stupid → McStupid

"Nyah-nyah!" they all shouted. "Your name's not McCloy! You're Gerald McBoing Boing, the noise-making boy!'

1950 Gerald McBoing Boing (cartoon short)

His body is lean.
His feet aren't clean.
His mouth is real mean
When he's on the scene,
But all the time you hear the women really yellin' his name: Filthy McNasty.

1968 Eddie Jefferson "Filthy McNasty" (lyrics for a 1961 instrumental of the same name by Horace Silver)

Alternatively, one may make the example a bit sharper by discussing a being, call him 'McStupid', that always knows who he is, but knows nothing else.

2005, Daniel J. Hill, Divinity and Maximal Greatness, Routledge, →ISBN, page 44:

I bet Thomas McSmart-arse makes some dumb comment about my nose-ring.

2006, Brigid Lowry, Guitar Highway Rose, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 29:

And when she's not at the Law Review office, she's out with her goddamn Law Review friends. Goddamn Art McAsshole and goddamn Lisa Von- Bitchypants and the worst — the very worst — is that goddamn Charlotte Sidwell.

2007, Martha Kimes, Ivy Briefs: True Tales of a Neurotic Law Student, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 173:

(often derogatory) Used in combination with a non-name descriptive word to form mock names.

Coordinate term: (Apple) i-

Mc- + griddle → McGriddle

Mc- + muffin → McMuffin

Mc- + rib → McRib

Mc- + café → McCafé

(business) Used to form the name of McDonald's products.

Mc- + car → McCar

Mc- + church → McChurch

Mc- + job → McJob

Mc- + mansion → McMansion

Sesame Street is "McEducation." Like things served by the golden arches, Sesame Street has at once elevated the dregs and lowered the quality to mediocrity

1983 Wallace Marx, "It's Not How Long You Make It," New York Magazine, Vol. 16, No. 50 (19 Dec 1983), p11

Two years of hard work wiped out by one of your 2 minute McSessions!

1995 Christopher Lloyd, Linda Morris & Vic Rauseo, "Dark Victory," Frasier, Season 2, Episode 24 (aired 23rd May 1995), spoken by Niles Crane (played by David Hyde Pierce)

Some of the techniques have been imported from the United States, but Britain's tight political and media village is now the European market leader in this kind of McPolitics.

2003, Anthony Wright, British politics: a very short introduction, Oxford University Press, page 35:

(by extension, derogatory) Indicating a lack of depth or worth, by association with McDonald's.

Mc- + nuke → McNuke

(by extension, derogatory, humorous) Indicating an increase in availability or an increase in consumerism causing items to be more readily available.


AH

(US, military, aviation) prefix for attack helicopter, helicopter gunship designations


ideo-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “form, semblance”).


cyno-

New Latin, from Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn, “dog”).

Used to form names for taxa whose members resemble dogs in some way


cyno-

Combining form of Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn, “dog”). Cf. cynic.


pharmaco-

From Ancient Greek φάρμακον (phármakon, “drug”).


dendro-

From Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”).


dendro-

dendro- + -logia → dendrologia


tropho-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”).

bor

(biology, medicine, zoology) nourish; nourishment.


ri-

Borrowed from Italian ri-. Possibly reinforced by the unrelated ri (“young, new”)


ri-

From Italian ri-, English re-. Was originally re-, but was changed to ri- due to the confusion with words that naturally start with re.

Prefix used with verbal roots to mean repetition; re-, again


ri-

From Latin re-. The prefix ri- is inherited from Latin, while the variant re- is borrowed from Latin.


ri-

I ____ him

pronominal prefix for a first person singular agent and a third person singular masculine patient


百萬

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵¹/

/pei²⁴ væ̃⁴⁴/

/paʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ uɑŋ²⁴²/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ bueŋ¹¹/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ buaŋ¹¹/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵¹/

/pei²⁴ væ̃⁴⁴/

/paʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ uɑŋ²⁴²/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ bueŋ¹¹/

/peʔ²⁻⁴ buaŋ¹¹/


morpho-

Representing combining form of Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “form”).


dés-

Inherited from Middle French des-, from Old French des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

désarmer (“to disarm”)

désordre (“disorder”)

(variant of dé- before a vowel sound) dis-, de-


rá-

rá- + beszél (“to speak”) → rábeszél (“to talk someone into doing something”)


fel-

fel- + megy (“to walk”) → felmegy (“to walk up”)

(verbal prefix) up (indicates actions with upward direction)


vissza-

vissza- + megy (“to go”) → visszamegy (“to go back”)


szét-

szét- + esik (“to fall”) → szétesik (“to fall apart”)

szét- + néz (“to look”) → szétnéz (“to look around/about”)


át-

át- + megy (“to go”) → átmegy (“to go across”)


össze-

össze- + rak (“to place”) → összerak (“to assemble, to put together”)


oda-

oda- + talál (“to find”) → odatalál (“to find one's way to”)


ide-

ide- + ír (“to write”) → ideír (“to write here”)


kas-

Derived from the noun kös (“pile, heap of fish”).

webofscience

Icelandic Web of Science: Hvað er þetta 'kas' þegar konur eru kasólettar? (“What does the kas in kasólettur mean?”)

used in specific compounds, often denoting something pile-like, spherical or pertaining to a heap of fish


van-

giving the sense of wrong, bad; mis-, dys-, mal-


van-

From Old Norse van-, from Proto-Germanic *wanaz (“lacking, deficient”). Compare Old Norse vanr (“lacking, wanting”).


van-

Icelandic: van-

Faroese: van-

Norwegian Nynorsk: van-

Norwegian Bokmål: van-

Swedish: van-

Danish: van-

From vanr (“what is lacking”), from Proto-Germanic *wanaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to leave, abandon”). See also modern English wan-.


van-

From Old Norse van-, from Proto-Germanic *wanaz (“lacking, deficient”). Cognate with English wan-.


přede-

Alternative form of před-; before something; akin to pre-


wider-

From Middle High German wider-, from Old High German widar-, from Proto-West Germanic *wiþra-, equivalent to German wider and wieder. Doublet of wieder-. Cognate with Dutch weer-, English wither-.


polu-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *polъ (“half”).


ความ

From Proto-Tai *ɣwaːmᴬ (“matter”). Cognate with Lao ຄວາມ (khuām), Northern Thai ᨤ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lü ᦩᦱᧄ (xwaam), Shan ၵႂၢမ်း (kwáam), Zhuang vamz.

a prefix to convert a verb or adjective into an abstract noun.


gyógy-

Back-formation from gyógyít and gyógyul, created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

hu-langref

curative, medicinal, remedial, therapeutic, officinal (used in compound words and derivations only)


sam-

Inherited from Old Norse sam- (“together, con-”).


sam-

Inherited from Old Norse sam- (“together, con-”). Related to the adjective samur.


sam-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sam- (“together”).

(before bilabial stops (p, b)) denotes a combination or joining of elements: together, co-, con-, syn-

sán-

before dental and velar consonants (t, d, k, g)

są́-

before resonant consonants (r, l, m, n, j, v)


sam-

Inherited from Old Norse sam- (“together, con-”). Related to samme.


sam-

Inherited from Old Norse sam- (“together, con-”). Related to same.


sam-

Middle English: sam-

English: sam

From Proto-West Germanic *sām-, a variant of Proto-West Germanic *sāmi-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi-, from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi-. Cognate with Old Saxon sām-, Old High German sāmi-. Compare English semi-.

(figuratively) partially; incompletely, imperfectly


sam-

From Proto-West Germanic *sam, from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”), Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, together”). Compare Old English samen (“together”), Old English same (“manner, similitude”).

der

samheort

union, combination, agreement; together, con-


sam-

Icelandic: sam-

Faroese: sam-

Norwegian Nynorsk: sam-

Norwegian Bokmål: sam-

Swedish: sam-

Danish: sam-

From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.


sam-

Alternative form of sang-, with roots that begin with ⟨b⟩ or ⟨p⟩


sam-

East Baltic:

Lithuanian: sam-

Latvian: so-

West Baltic:

Old Prussian: sen-

Proto-Slavic: *sǫ- (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *som-, from *sem- (“together, one”).


sam-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sam-

Sanskrit: सम्- (sam-)

Proto-Iranian: *ham- (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *som-, from *sem-.


sero-

combining form of serum now often used in reference to HIV or other viruses in the blood


kven-

Compare kvenmaður (“a woman”) and kvenna (“of women”), the genitive plural of kona (“a woman”).


sou-

Inherited from Old Czech sú-, from Proto-Slavic *sǫ-.

com-, con-, co- (a prefix denoting a connection or link)


fjöl-

From the Old Norse fjǫl-, from Proto-Germanic *felu, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (the Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek πολύς (polús), Latin plus (“more”), Ossetian фыр (fyr, “much”), Old Irish il, from whence the Welsh lliaws). Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu), Old High German filu (“many”) (from which the German viel came), Old Saxon filo and filu (from which veel (“much”) came), English fele (Old English fela (“many, much”)). This adjective or prefix has been lost in English and modern Danish but is frequent in Icelandic; especially as a prefix in poetry but never as an independent adjective.

fjölmenna

to crowd, meet in crowds; to become peopled


ykkös-

Combining form of ykkönen: priority, first class, preferred, prime, first


esikois-

esikoispoika

Combining form of esikoinen (“firstborn”)


fimbul-

From the Old Norse fimbul- inturn from the Proto-Germanic *fimfilaz. Compare Old English fifel ("mighty, giant, great"), German Fimmel (“an iron wedge”) (whence Czech fimol), Swedish fimmelstång (“the handle of a sledgehammer”).


fimbul-

From Proto-Germanic *fimfilaz, doublet of fífl-. Cognate with Old English fifel (“mighty, giant, great”).

(rare, Germanic paganism) mighty, great (with a sense of finality)


ker-

Now stands in for a thud. Originally Scots, possibly continuing Scottish Gaelic car (“somewhat”), cognate with Irish cor, English char, Dutch keer (“time, turn, occasion”), German Kehre (“turn, bight, bend”), Greek γύρος (gýros, “bout, whirl”), gyre. Early uses were often collocated with went.

[The book] has suspense, pathos, bravery, and the bad guys get it in the end with a big KERWHAM! http://www.amazon.com/review/R3TF8Z741367CL

(often humorous) Used to form various onomatopoeias imitating the effect or sound of a heavy object falling.


myel-

From Ancient Greek μυελός (muelós, “marrow”).


sidero-

From Latin sīdus, sideris, ("constellation").

Related to stars or constellations, as sidereal relationships.


sidero-

From Ancient Greek σίδηρος (sídēros, “iron”).

Related to iron or steel, as in siderosis (fibrosis caused by iron deposits)


myelo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek μυελός (muelós, “marrow”).

myelosuppression; myelodysplasia

(anatomy, biology, medicine) Bone marrow.

myelomeningocele; myelomeningitis

(anatomy, biology, medicine) Spinal cord.


南蛮

From Middle Chinese compound 南蠻 (nom mæn, “southern barbarian”). Compare modern Mandarin 南蠻／南蛮 (Nánmán).
In Japan, this originally referred to the inhabitants of Southeast Asia, particularly the islands of modern-day Philippines and Indonesia. When the Portuguese and Spanish first made contact in Japan, they came from their colonies in Southeast Asia, and were consequently given the same label of nanban. This usage was initially distinct from the separate label 紅毛 (kōmō, “red hair”) used for the Dutch. Over time, this distinction became less important, and the term nanban was used to refer to westerners in general. See also 蛮人(ばんじん) (banjin), 蕃人(ばんじん) (banjin), Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng), Hokkien 番仔 (hoan-á), Mandarin 番子 (fānzi), Mandarin 蠻人／蛮人 (mánrén), Mandarin 蠻子／蛮子 (mánzi).

zh-l

南蠻／南蛮 (Nánmán)

南蛮辛子

南蛮辛子 なんばんがらし

南蛮煙管

南蛮煙管 なんばんぎせる

南蛮人

a westerner, a foreigner of European descent

南蛮繁縷

南蛮繁縷 なんばんはこべ


brachio-

New Latin brachio- from Latin bracchium (“limb, branch, arm”)


lisä-

lisäaika

lisäansio

lisähermo

lisätalousarvio

extra, supplemental, additional, accessory


vale-

valeuutiset

valehuippu

valeraskaus

valekuva

valetieto

valepuku

valetiede


patu

Old Japanese: 初 (patu)

Japanese: 初 (hatsu)

desctree

Proto-Ryukyuan: *patu
Northern Ryukyuan:
Kikai: 初 (patsu)
Kunigami: 初 (phachī)
Northern Amami Ōshima: 初 (hatsï)
Okinawan: 初 (hatsi, hachi)
Okinoerabu: 初 (hachi)
Southern Amami Ōshima: 初 (hatï)
Tokunoshima: 初 (hatsï)
Yoron: 初 (pachi)
Southern Ryukyuan:
Miyako: 初 (patsï)
Yaeyama: 初 (patsï)
Yonaguni: 初 (hachi)

Possibly related to 端 (pata, “edge”); compare 始む (pazimu, “to begin”), in turn considered to be a derivation from 端 (pa, pasi, “edge”).


fi-

fi- + fama (“famous”) → fifama (“infamous”)

shameful, immoral, corrupt, dissolute, dirty, slutty


fi-

fi- + co (“to see”) → fico (“to look at, keep an eye on”)

a prefix of generally unknown function
indicates active involvement

fi- + teng (“to say”) → fiteng (“to say (to someone)”)

derives transitive verbs from intransitive verbs

fi- + am (“to eat (tr.)”) → fiam (“to eat (intr.)”)

derives intransitive verbs from transitive verbs

fi- + toga (“to pull up (an anchor)”) → fitoga (“to withdraw (a machete, etc.)”)

a prefix of generally unknown function
extends the root semantically


fi-

Alternative form of fa- (derivational prefix) when preceded by a root-initial i


kontra-

kontra- + intuitiv → kontraintuitiv

kontra- + anke → kontraanke


kontra-

double (in music, of an instrument, sounding an octave lower)


kontra-

(music) contra- (a deeper voice, both human and instrument)


kontra-

kontra- + pas → kontrapas


entero-

From New Latin entero-, combining form from Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”).

der

(medicine) relating specifically to the small intestine.


entero-

entero- + bakteria → enterobakteria


entero-

From Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”).


dasy-

From Ancient Greek δασύς (dasús, “hairy”).

hairy, shaggy, dense, used in compound words


arkki-

Internationalism (see English arch-), ultimately from Latin archi-.


turbo-

From turbine, from Latin turbo (“spinning top”).


การ

From Pali kāra (“deed; service; act of mercy or worship; homage; noun suffix”) and Sanskrit कार (kāra, “making; producing; performing; action; etc.”). Cognate with Lao ການ (kān), Lü ᦂᦱᧃ (k̇aan).

bor

prefixed to nouns to form noun derivatives, meaning “affairs of.; matters of .; -ery; -y”.

prefixed to action verbs to form abstract nouns, meaning “act of .; -ing”.


hekto-

Borrowed from French hecto-, from Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón).


hekto-

hekto- + -graf → hektograf


mili-

From Dutch milli-, from French milli-, from Latin mille (“thousand”).


mili-

milli- (SI prefix multiplying the unit by 10⁻³)


mą̀ku-

related by marriage (in-law relationship)


غیر

Turkish: gayri-

Borrowed from Persian غیرـ (ğeyr-e-), from Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr) + Persian ezafe.

(an adverbial prefix forming negative adjectives) not, un-, non-, in-


غیر

غَیرـ (canonical)
ġair- (romanization)
ग़ैर- (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian غیرـ (ğayr-i)


بین

بَینـ (canonical)
bain- (romanization)
बैन- (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بین (bayn), from Arabic بَيْن (bayn).


ná-

From Old Norse ná, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz. Cognate with Old Saxon nāh, Dutch na, Old High German nāh (German nah and nahe); Swedish nära, Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐍈 (nēƕ); Old English nēah (English nigh).


XP

Combination of prefix P and prefix modifier X.

(aviation, military, obsolete, US) eXperimental, Pursuit, fighter (prefix)


agyon-

From agy (“brain”) + -on (superessive suffix), literally “on [the] brain”.

affix

agyon- + lő (“to shoot”) → agyonlő (“to shoot dead”)

agyon- + üt (“to hit”) → agyonüt (“to strike dead”)

(verbal prefix) Attached to verbs to indicate a deadly physical force: to death.

agyon- + un (“to be bored of”) → agyonunja magát (“to be bored to death”)

agyon- + dicsér (“to praise”) → agyondicsér (“to praise to the skies”)

(verbal prefix, informal) Attached to verbs to express exaggeration: to an excessive degree.


hálf-

Ég er hálfsmeykur við hann.

Ég kem klukkan hálfsjö.


etho-

ethogram; ethospecies

Relating to essential character and behavior patterns.


탈

탈— (canonical)
tal- (romanization)
脫 (hanja)

탈(脫) (tal) + 원전(原電) (wonjeon, “nuclear power plant”) → 탈원전(脫原電) (tarwonjeon, “phasing out nuclear power plants”)

the hanja entry at 脫 for Sino-Korean compounds of 탈


dá-

Það er dágóður spölur að fara héðan og upp á Esjuna.

It's a pretty long way from here to Esjan.

Ég vinn alla daga vikunnar í búðinni. Maður fær dágóðan pening þar.

I work every day of the week at the store. They pay fairly well there.


býsna-

Icelandic: býsna

Býsnavel.


erz-

From Middle High German erz-, erze-, from Old High German erzi-, from Late Latin archi-, from Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-).

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


pohjois-

Pohjois-Amerikka

Pohjois-Irlanti

pohjoistuuli

Combining form of pohjoinen (“north”); north, northern


ان

انـ (canonical)
an- (romanization)
अन- (Hindi)

Inherited from Sanskrit अन- (ana-).
Compare Middle Persian ʾn (an-).

ان + کہا (kahā, “said”) → انکہا (ankahā, “unsaid, unspoken”)

A negating prefix. non-, un-, a-, an-, etc.


ochl-

From Ancient Greek ὄχλος (ókhlos, “mob”).


enter-

From French entre, from Latin inter. Doublet of inter-.

entermewer, enterclose, enterfere

(obsolete) Between, in the process of, intermediate; inter-.


enter-

New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”).

enterally, enteralgia, enterectomy

Alternative form of entero- Before a vowel.


エロ

⇒ Chinese: 工口 (gōngkǒu)

エロ画像

エロ本


มหา

th-prefix

มหา • (má-hǎa)

From Pali mahā (“grand; great”); perhaps via Old Khmer mahā°, mhā° (“grand; great”). Compare Modern Khmer មហា (mĕəʼhaa), Burmese မဟာ (ma.ha).


ການ

From Pali kāra (“deed; service; act of mercy or worship; homage”), Pali -kāra (“maker, worker”) and Sanskrit कार (kāra, “making; producing; performing; action; etc.”). Cognate with Thai การ (gaan), Lü ᦂᦱᧃ (k̇aan).

bor

(as a prefix) forming nouns from action verbs

(as a prefix) forming nouns designating a sphere of activity


oer-

Petjo: oer (archaic)

Borrowed from German ur-, cognate with the native Dutch oor-, as in oordeel, oorkonde.

ur-, proto-: primordial, primeval, original

Hij is oerdom.

(intensifier) very, intensely, extremely


ekstra-

[ˈɛɡ̊stˢʁ̥ɑ-]

[ɛɡ̊stˢʁ̥ɑˈ-]

From Latin extrā (“outside of, beyond”).


ekstra-

ekstrapaljon

(colloquial) particularly, particularly much


ekstra-

From Latin extra (“outside, except, beyond”, adverb and preposition).


ekstra-

ekstra- + nowoczesny → ekstranowoczesny


mechano-

involving the use of machines or mechanisms


cata-

From Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).


cata-

From Latin cata-, from Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “under”).


aarts-

From Middle Dutch aerts-, from Old French arche-, from Vulgar Latin arci-, from Classical Latin archi-. Similar sound evolution as to how French roche (“rock”) became Dutch rots (“rock”) and as to how French torche (“torch”) became Dutch toorts (“torch”).


great-

From Middle English gret- (“great-”), from gret (“great”). More at great.

great-uncle (an uncle of one's mother or father)

great-grandfather (the father of one's grandfather)

great-great-grandfather (a grandfather of one's grandfather)

great-great-great-grandfather, etc.

(informal) fourth-great-granduncle, etc. (same as great-great-great-great-granduncle)

(informal) fourth-great-grandfather, etc. (same as great-great-great-great-grandfather)

With familial designations, used to denote a removal of one generation


félre-

félre- + ért (“to understand”) → félreért (“to misunderstand”)

félre- + áll (“to stand”) → félreáll (“to step aside”)


hystero-

From Ancient Greek ὑστέρᾱ (hustérā, “the womb”).


hystero-

From Ancient Greek ὕστερος (hústeros, “higher, outer”).


ellen-

ellen- + áll (“to stand”) → ellenáll (“to resist”)


újjá-

újjá- + születik (“to be born”) → újjászületik (“to be reborn”)


rhin-

(used before a vowel) Alternative form of rhino-.


elő-

elő- + fizet (“to pay”) → előfizet (“to subscribe”)

(verbal prefix) in front of, to the front, forward (in space) or before, in advance (in time)

elő- + szó (“word”) → előszó (“foreword”)


쇠-

쇠 (soe-, “of a cow”) + 고기 (gogi, “meat”) → 쇠고기 (soegogi, “beef”, literally “meat of a cow”)


쇠-

From Middle Korean 쇠〮 (swóy).
First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 쇠〮비름〮 (Yale: swóypìlúm), from 쇠〮 (swóy-, “small”) + 비름〮 (pìlúm, “amaranth”).


and-

From Old English and-, ond- (“against, back”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *and-, *anda-, *andi- (“across, opposite, against, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth”).
Cognate with Dutch ont-, German ant-, ent-, emp-, Icelandic and-, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-), Latin ante (“before”), Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).


and-

From Old Norse and-, from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“face, front”).


and-

From Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *andi-, representive of a combining form of and (“and”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch ont- (Dutch ont-), Old High German ant- (German ant-, ent-), Old Norse and- (Icelandic and- (“against, anti-, opposed to, in the face of”), Swedish an-), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-).

cog

andsaca

andswaru

andweard

andlang

andweorc

andleofen


and-

Icelandic: and-

Norwegian Nynorsk: and-

Norwegian Bokmål: and-

From Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“face, forehead, front”).

inh

and- + vitni (“testimony”) → andvitni (“contradictory testimony”)

denotes whatever is opposite, against, towards


and-

andsako (“enemy, adversary”)

andswor "answer"

andward "present time"


kinesi-

From Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “movement, motion”).

uder

movement, especially the movement of human body parts.


항

항— (canonical)
hang- (romanization)
抗 (hanja)

항균 (抗菌)

항암 (抗癌)

the hanja entry at 抗 for Sino-Korean compounds of 항


kripto-

From Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden, secret”).

der

(sciences) crypto- (hidden, invisible, secret)


so-

so- (mutation mutation-radical)
sho- (lenition mutation)
tso- (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish so, su, from Proto-Celtic *su-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-. Cognate with Welsh hy-, Ancient Greek εὖ (eû), Sanskrit सु- (su-). Doublet of eo-.


so-

so- + gola (“throat”) → soggolare (“to fit with a wimple”)

so- + reggere (“to bear; to hold”) → sorreggere (“to support, sustain”)

so- + friggere (“to fry”) → soffriggere (“to fry slowly with moderate heat”)

so- + bollire (“to boil”) → sobbollire (“to simmer”)

so- + fermare (“to stop”) → soffermare (“to linger”)

used in the formation of verbs where the root action is attenuated


phyco-

From combining form of Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed”).


dimethylimidazol-

(chemistry) Dimethylimidazole, within a larger chemical formula


benz-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of benzo-.


hozzá-

hozzá- + ír (“to write”) → hozzáír (“to add by writing”)


agro-

Derived from Ancient Greek ἀγρός (agrós).

der+

agro- + biologia → agrobiologia


민

From Middle Korean 믠 (Yale: mùy-n), the past adnominal form of 믜다〮 (Yale: mùy-tá, “(of hair) to fall off, etc.”). 맨 (maen) is originally an ablaut variant.

ruby

􂀿具􂁀(구)􂀿本􂁀(본)􂀿寬􂁀(관)

具(구)本(본)寬(관)

lang

具(구)本(본)寬(관)


proteo-

Derived from New Latin Prōteus, from Ancient Greek Πρωτεύς (Prōteús, “Proteus, a sea god who could change his shape at will”)


หมู่

Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ᩵, Thai หมู่ (mùu), Lao ໝູ່ (mū), Lü ᦖᦴᧈ (ṁuu¹), Shan မူႇ (mùu), Ahom 𑜉𑜥 (mū).

cog

Lü ᦖᦴᧈ (ṁuu¹)


pře-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *per-, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

pře- + dělat → předělat

pře- + počítat → přepočítat

pře- + cenit → přecenit

pře- + hlasovat → přehlasovat

out- (surpassing, exceeding; to surpass, to exceed)

pře- + počítat → přepočítat

pře- + pěkný → přepěkný


ath-

ath- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ath- (eclipsis mutation)
hath- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-ath- (mutation prothesis-t)

From Old Irish aith-, ath-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-.


ath-

ath- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ath- (mutation)


half-

From Middle English half-, from Old English healf-, from Proto-Germanic *halba- (“half-”), from *halbaz (“half”). Cognate with Dutch half- (“half-”), German halb- (“half-”), Swedish halv- (“half-”), Icelandic hálf- (“half-”). More at half.

Used before brother, sister, uncle, aunt, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is related only through one parent, grandparent, and so forth, rather than two.


տ-

From *տի- (*ti-), from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁. Cognate with Latin dē (“from, without”), as in dē-bilis (“without strength, incapable”). See also տիեզերք (tiezerkʻ).

գեղ

տգեղ

հաճ

տհաճ

քնեմ

տքնեմ


fir-

fear-teagaisg (“teacher”) → fir-teagaisg (“teachers”)


fear-

fear- (mutation mutation-radical)
fhear- (lenition mutation)
bhfear- (eclipsis mutation)


fear-

fear-treòrachaidh


ենթա-

Armenian: ենթա- (entʻa-)

Adapted by the Hellenizing School from ընդ (ənd) + -ա- (-a-). The spelling ընթա- (əntʻa-) reflects an intermediate form.


վերա-

From Old Armenian վերա- (vera-), from վեր (ver) + -ա- (-a-).


mnathan-

bean-teagaisg

mnathan-teagaisg


luchd-

neach-deasachaidh

luchd-deasachaidh


bean-

bean-stiùiread


pot-

Form of pod- obtained by phonetic devoicing of final /d/ to the following unvoiced obstruent.


nade-

a prefix, sometimes used instead of nad- in front of a consonant


nade-

brać → nadebrać

alternative form of nad-, used before certain consonant clusters


ode-

a prefix, sometimes used instead of od- in front of a consonant


ode-

ode- + brać → odebrać

alternative form of od-, used before certain consonant clusters


pode-

pode- + słać → podesłać

alternative form of pod-, used before certain consonant clusters


roze-

a prefix, sometimes used instead of roz- in front of a consonant


roze-

roze- + brać → rozebrać

alternative form of roz-, used before certain consonant clusters


při-

a prefix, usually expressing the idea of something getting closer to something else

Přikarpatsko — Circumcarpathia


ze-

ze- + psuć → zepsuć

ze- + mdleć → zemdleć

alternative form of z-, used before certain consonant clusters


ve-

There is some disagreement on origin of this prefix:
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“out, away”). Compare Latin au-, Sanskrit अव (áva), Old Irish úa (“from, of”).
* From Proto-Italic *s(w)ē-, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”), whence also Latin sē- (“separately; without”), sē (“oneself”), sed (“but”).
* By reanalysis of the contracted form of vehemēns (“very eager, furious”), vēmēns, as vē- and mēns (“mind”).

Used to indicate a fault of excess or deficiency, too much, too little


ան-

From Middle Armenian ան- (an-), from Old Armenian ան- (an-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Cognate with English un-.

ան- (an-) + արցունք (arcʻunkʻ, “tear”) → անարցունք (anarcʻunkʻ, “tearless”)

ան- (an-) + օժիտ (ōžit, “dowry”) → անօժիտ (anōžit, “without a dowry, portionless”)

ան- (an-) + համաչափ (hamačʻapʻ, “symmetrical”) → անհամաչափ (anhamačʻapʻ, “asymmetric”)

ան- (an-) + համաձայն (hamajayn, “concordant”) → անհամաձայն (anhamajayn, “discordant”)

forming the opposites of adjectives, un-, dis-, a-


ան-

Armenian: ան- (an-)

From Old Armenian ան- (an-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


ան-

Middle Armenian: ան- (an-)

Armenian: ան- (an-)

ան- (an-) + տուն (tun, “home”) → անտուն (antun, “homeless”)

ան- (an-) + յոյս (yoys, “hope”) → անյոյս (anyoys, “hopeless”)

ան- (an-) + ազատ (azat, “free”) → անազատ (anazat, “unfree”)

a privative prefix, without, -less, un-, dis-


ան-

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on, onto”).


v-

from Proto-Albanian *au̯e-, from Proto-Indo-European *-ou̯o-. See vë, cognate with Sanskrit अव (ava, “off, down”).


v-

From Proto-Slavic *vъ-. Prefixed form of the preposition v.

v- + plúti (“to sail”) → vplúti (“to sail into”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

v- + státi (“to stand”) → vstáti (“to stand up”)


nad-

nad- + chodzić → nadchodzić


nad-

nad- + ludzki → nadludzki

nad- + Wisła → nadwiślański


nad-

From Proto-Slavic *nadъ-. Prefixed form of the preposition nad.

nad- + živẹ́ti (“to live”) → nadživẹ́ti (“to outlive”)

nad- + gradīti (“to build”) → nadgradīti (“to build onto”)


nad-

dad- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddad- (mutation mutation-soft)
nad- (mutation mutation-nasal)


vy-

perfective aspect
perfective aspect#English

a prefix, often indicating the perfective aspect

vy- + truchlit (“grieve”) → vytruchlit se (“have enough time to grieve”)

vy- + lyžovat (“ski”) → vylyžovat se (“do a lot of skiing”)

(as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean very much, with more or less positive result


vy-

vyumba

vitu vyema

form of vi- used before a vowel in certain words

[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ki-vi class|vi class_((VIII))]] noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix

Ni vyema kuwashukuru.

vy- + -ema (“nice”) → vyema (“nicely”)

Forms adverbs of manner from declinable adjectives.


vy-

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вꙑ- (vy-)

Old Ruthenian: вы- (vy-)

Belarusian: вы- (vy-)

Ukrainian: ви- (vy-)

Russian: вы- (vy-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вꙑ- (vy-)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰹ- (vy-)

West Slavic:

Czech: vy-

Polabian: voi-

Polish: wy-

Old Slovak: vy-

Pannonian Rusyn: ви- (vi-)

Slovak: vy-

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wë-

Slovincian: wë-

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wu-

Lower Sorbian: wu-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ū́, from Proto-Indo-European *úd. The *y < *ū is a result of Winter's law.
Judging by the dictionaries, there is no attested Baltic cognates and adverb/preposition **vy.


pod-

pod- + kładać → podkładać


pod-

pod- + broda → podbródek

added to nouns and adjectives, usually meaning under-, sub-

pod- + iść → podejść

pod- + ciąć → podciąć

added to verbs to mean up to or up, approaching a state

pod- + ciągnąć → podciągnąć

pod- + szyć → podszyć


pod-

Related to pȍd (“below, under”), from Proto-Slavic *podъ.

under- and sub- (a prefix inherited from Common Slavic).


pod-

From Proto-Slavic *podъ-. Prefixed form of the preposition pod.

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

pod- + kopáti (“to dig”) → podkopáti (“to undermine”)


roz-

roz- + jít → rozejít se

Rozešli se u stanice metra.

roz- + házet → rozházet

Papíry rozházel po místnosti.

He scattered the papers around the room.

apart, movement away, move in different directions

roz- + měnit → rozměnit

Mohl byste mi rozměnit pětistovku?

roz- + lepit → rozlepit

Obálka se rozlepila.

roz- + vázat → rozvázat

Rozvážu vám jen nohy.

reversal or undoing (returning to a previous state)

roz- + smát se → rozesmát se

Rozesmála se.

roz- + mluvit → rozmluvit se

Rozmluvil se o jeho zesnulém otci.

(ingressive usage) (+ intransitive reflexive verb) sudden beginning of an action

(causative usage) (+ transitive non-reflexive verb) causative meaning


roz-

Polish: roz-

indicates dissolution or undoing a process, dis-

roz- + paść → rozpaść się

roz- + mawiać → rozmawiać


roz-

Inherited from Old Polish roz-. Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orz-.

roz- + wiązać → rozwiązać

roz- + pęd → rozpęd

roz- + ruch → rozruch

roz- + grzać → rozgrzać

indicates acceleration or an increase in intensity

roz- + paść → rozpaść się

roz- + śmiać → roześmiać się

added to verbs to indicate the beginning of a process


od-

a prefix, usually indicating movement away, detachment or separation


od-

From Proto-Celtic *ud-, from Proto-Indo-European *úd.

Alternative form of uss- found before stops


od-

od- + ić → odejć

od- + sypać → odsypać

indicates repetition of some process; re-

od- + dać → oddać

indicates returning an action to someone; back


od-

Inherited from Old Polish od-, from Proto-Slavic *otъ-. Compare Old English ed-.

od- + łączyć → odłączyć

od- + budować → odbudować

od- + dzwonić → oddzwonić

od- + iść → odejść


od-

From Proto-Slavic *otъ-. Prefixed form of the preposition od.

od- + īti (“to go”) → odíti (“to go away”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

od- + večẹ̑rjati (“to dine”) → odvečẹ̑rjati (“to finish dinner”)

od- + igráti (“to play”) → odigráti (“to play to the end”)

od- + vẹ́zati (“to tie”) → odvẹ́zati (“to untie”)

od- + pisáti (“to write”) → odpisáti (“to write back”)


od-

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of odh-


obe-

a prefix, sometimes used instead of ob- in front of a consonant


obe-

obe- + znać → obeznać

alternative form of ob-, used before certain consonant clusters


kiinto-

kiint + -o, from the same root as kiinteä and kiinni.


se-

a prefix, sometimes used instead of s- in front of a consonant


se-

From Malay se-, from Classical Malay se-, from se, shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

selembar

seperempat

se- + tinggi (“height”) → setinggi (“as tall as”)

adjectival equative: same, sharing [base], having the same [base]

se- + dunia (“world”) → sedunia (“whole world”)


se-

*s(w)ēd, the ablative singular of Proto-Indo-European *s(w)é (“self”) lengthened under phrasal stress. Note there's no hard evidence for a /w/ in Italic, which is likely taken from the possessive pronoun in other branches. The original meaning was "per se, by itself", whence "however, but" as conjunction and "without, away" as preposition, parallel to English only (“but”).
Doublet of sē as well as sed (q.v.), where the vowel shortened proclitically (or never lengthened). Cf. the semantically close vē-, which might also be a doublet with loss of /s/. Further related to suus (“one's own”).

claudō (“to close, shut, confine”) → sēclūdō (“to shut off”)

dūcō (“to lead”) → sēdūcō (“to lead away or astray, separate from”)

cūra (“care, worry”) → sēcūrus (“free from care, easy; careless”)

cor (“heart as the seat of vitality”) → socors (“lacking in vitality or alertness, sluggish, inactive, dull”)

(in a privative sense) without, lacking, wanting, -less


se-

From sex before voiced consonants with voicing assimilation (*segz-) followed by regular elision with compensatory lenthening, for which cf. āla, vēlum.

sex + decem (“ten”) → sēdecim (“sixteen”)

sex → sēnī (“six each”)


se-

From se, shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa. Compare Tagalog sang-.

sebesar

sepanjang

secantik

used to form the comparative of adjectives


se-

Used on nouns to indicate that the noun referred to is in its entirety.


se-

Coalescence of sa- with the Proto-Bantu copula *-dɪ̀.

Form of sa- used in copulative constructions.


z-

Coordinate term: Z-

(SI prefix) Abbreviation of zepto- (“10⁻²¹”).


z-

From Early Proto-Albanian *dis- > *diš- > *dš- > *tš- > s- before unvoiced phonemes, z- before voiced phonemes. It is mainly connected with the formation of verbs.


z-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz-, prefix form of *jьz.

used to form the perfect aspect of verbs


z-

Polish: z-

Silesian: z-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”).


z-

Polish: z-

Silesian: z-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“with”).

attached to verbs to form verbs denoting getting something together


z-

Polish: z-

Silesian: z-

forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones


z-

Inherited from Old Polish z-. Doublet of eu-.

z- + część + -e → szczęście

z- + pokój → spokój


z-

Inherited from Old Polish z-. Doublet of ko-, kon-, and syn-.

z- + brać → zebrać

z- + prowadzić → sprowadzić

z- + pisać → spisać

z- + grać → zgrać

z- + szyć → zszyć

z- + łączyć → złączyć

z- + jazda → zjazd

z- + nosić → znosić

z- + iść → zejść


z-

Inherited from Old Polish z-. Doublet of eks-.

z- + decydować → zdecydować

z- + dzielać → zdzielać

z- + denerwować → zdenerwować

z- + gnieść → zgnieść

z- + hańbić → zhańbić

z- + irytować → zirytować

z- + jeść → zjeść

z- + łamać → złamać

z- + martwić → zmartwić

z- + niszczyć → zniszczyć

z- + orientować → zorientować

z- + ranić → zranić

z- + robić → zrobić

z- + szokować → zszokować

z- + wiedzić → zwiedzić

used before vowels or voiced consonants, sibilants (s, sz, z, ż), as well as h and semivowels (j, ł) to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect.

z- + jąć (“take”) → zdjąć (“take off”)

z- + rwać (“tear”) → zerwać (“tear off”)

z- + pod (“under”) → spód (“bottom”), spod (“from under”)


z-

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n). Prefixed form of the preposition z.

z- + budīti (“to wake”) → zbudīti (“to wake”)

z- + téči (“to run”) → stéči (“to run away”)

z- + lẹ́sti (“to climb”) → zlẹ́sti (“to climb up”)

z- + varīti (“to weld”) → zvarīti (“to weld together”)


vze-

a prefix, sometimes used instead of vz- in front of a consonant


herauf-

A prefix, conveying a movement on something.


herein-

From herein (“inwards (toward the speaker)”).

A verbal prefix indicating movement inwards towards the speaker


auseinander-

a prefix bearing the meaning asunder or apart


herunter-

a prefix; down-(?) (towards the speaker)


aus-

A prefixed variation of the preposition aus. Compare English out-.


durch-

A prefixed variation of the preposition durch.


wieder-

wieder- prefix somewhat similar to re- (canonical)

Adverb wieder used as particle in verb compounds.

wiederkäuen, wiederwählen

Something happens again, a state, fact exists anew

wiederaufbauen, wiederaufnehmen, wiedereinführen, wiedereröffnen, wiederherstellen

Something is restored after a certain period of interruption

wiederfinden, wiedergeben, wiederkommen

Something that someone had, is put back or returned

wiedergrüßen, wiederhauen, wiederlieben

An action is reciprocated or rewarded with the same or a similar action


nej-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *naj-. From parts *na and particle *i. Approximates to prefix *nad-.

used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs; similar to most and -est, as in nejdelší—the longest


fort-

Used in a number of German loan-words, from the German prefix fort-, related to English forth.

forthwith, continued, further; e.g. fortgå, fortplanta, fortsätta, fortvara


zu-

From Middle High German zuo-, from Old High German zuo-, from Proto-Germanic *tō (“to”).


nach-

Formed from the preposition nach (“past, after”).

indicates a later action as in nacharbeiten, nachbessern

indicates following or pursuit of someone or something, as in nachgehen, nachfahren

indicates repetition or succession, as in nachfüllen, nachkaufen

to check something nachzählen, nachprüfen

to improve something, as in nachfärben (“redye”), nachhelfen (“give extra help; private lessons”)

indicates the exact copying of something as in nachmachen, nachdrucken (“reprint”), nachahmen, nachbeten

indicates a purposeful action, as in nachdenken, nachforschen


vz-

vz- + kalīti (“to germinate”) → vzkalīti (“to germinate”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:

vz- + letẹ́ti (“to fly”) → vzletẹ́ti (“to fly up”)

vz- + tlẹ́ti (“to glow”) → vztlẹ́ti (“to begin to glow”)


bei-

From bei, from Middle High German bī, from Old High German bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi. Compare Dutch bij- and English by-.

(with nouns) temporally concurrent or physically present


heraus-

Compound of the prefixes her- + aus-, or rather simply heraus in compounds.

A prefix, conveying a movement out of something.


ein-

Middle High German īn-, a variation (like ein (“indicating motion into something”) as in waldein) of the preposition in, from Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. Compare English in-.

generally indicating (concrete or abstract/metaphorical) motion into something


ein-

ein- + Bein (“leg”) + -ig → einbeinig (“one-legged”)


ein-

Ein-

a forliður for Icelandic personal names; Einar, Einbjörn, Einvarður


vor-

From Middle High German vor-, vore-, from Old High German fora-, furi-, from Proto-West Germanic *forē-. Cognate with English fore-.

pre- (denotes primarily that something is before or in front of another thing or higher in a hierarchy)


vor-

(chiefly Southern or Kent) Alternative form of for-