leges-

leg- (prefix to form the superlative of adjectives) + -es (adjective-forming suffix)

af

zöld (“green”) → zöldebb (“greener”) → legzöldebb (“greenest”) → legeslegzöldebb (“the very greenest”)

(exaggerative-forming prefix) the very ……-est. Used with superlative adjectives to create the exaggerated form.


uɸer-

Old Irish: for-

Irish: for-

Proto-Brythonic: *gwor-

Breton: guor-

Cornish: gor-

Welsh: gor-

Gaulish: Vercingetorix (personal name)

From Proto-Indo-European *upér. Cognate with English over, Latin super.


𐌱𐌹-

From Proto-Germanic *bi-; cognate with English be-. See also 𐌱𐌹 (bi).

A general prefix adding transitivity to verbs

A prefix, added to verbs regardless of transitivity, forming transitive verbs with a sense of 'throughout', 'adjacency', 'enclosure', and sometimes indicating perfectivity


μητρι-

μητρο- μητρο-#Greek


μητρ-

μητρο- μητρο-#Greek


νεκρό-

νεκρο- νεκρο-#Greek


πατρο-

πατρο- (patro-) + γραμμή (grammí, “line”) → πατρογραμμικός (patrogrammikós, “patrilineal”)

πατρο- (patro-) + -κτονία (-ktonía, “-cide”) → πατροκτονία (patroktonía, “patricide”)

πατρο- (patro-) + παράδοση (parádosi, “tradition”) → πατροπαράδοτος (patroparádotos, “traditional, long-established”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to fathers and, by, extension, ancestors; patri-:


μητρο-

μητρο- (mitro-) + -κτονία (-ktonía, “-cide”) → μητροκτονία (mitroktonía, “matricide”)

μητρο- (mitro-) + πόλη (póli, “city, town”) → μητρόπολη (mitrópoli, “metropolis, chief cathedral”)

μητρο- (mitro-) + -αρχία (-archía, “-archy”) → μητριαρχία (mitriarchía, “matriarchy”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to mothers; matri-:

μητρο- (mitro-) + κήλη (kíli, “hernia”) → μητροκήλη (mitrokíli, “metrocele”)

μητρο- (mitro-) + άλγος (álgos, “pain”) → μητραλγία (mitralgía, “pain in the womb”)

μητρο- (mitro-) + μανία (manía, “mania”) → μητρομανία (mitromanía, “nymphomania”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to a woman's womb; matri-:


เพลิด

th-prefix

เพลิด • (plə̂ət)

อย่างเพลิดเพลิน

เพลิน เพลิน#Thai


νεκρο-

From Ancient Greek νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”).

νεκρο- (nekro-) + ανάσταση (anástasi, “revival”) → νεκρανάσταση (nekranástasi, “resurrection”)

νεκρο- (nekro-) + γεννάω (gennáo, “to give birth”) → νεκρογενής (nekrogenís, “stillborn”)

νεκρο- (nekro-) + θάβω (thávo, “to bury”) → νεκροθάφτης (nekrotháftis, “grave digger, sexton”)

νεκρο- (nekro-) + κεφαλή (kefalí, “head”) → νεκροκεφαλή (nekrokefalí, “death's head, skull and crossbones”)

νεκρο- (nekro-) + μαντεία (manteía, “divination”) → νεκρομαντεία (nekromanteía, “necromancy”)

νεκρο- (nekro-) + τάφος (táfos, “grave”) → νεκροταφείο (nekrotafeío, “graveyard, cemetery”)

νεκρο- (nekro-) + τομή (tomí, “incision, cut”) → νεκροτομή (nekrotomí, “autopsy, post-mortem examination”)

νεκρο- (nekro-) + φέρω (féro, “to bring, to bear”) → νεκροφόρα (nekrofóra, “hearse”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to death or dying; necro-:


νεκρ-

νεκρο- νεκρο-#Greek


εἰσ-

εἰσ- (eis-) + ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to go”) → εἰσέρχομαι (eisérkhomai, “to enter”)


köβ̃-

Breton: kev-, kem

Old Cornish: com-

Cornish: kev-, kes-

Old Welsh: com-, cim-, cem-

Middle Welsh: kyf-, kyn-

Welsh: cyf-, cyn-, cym-, cy-


헛-

Equivalent to 허(虛) (heo, “emptiness”) + ㅅ (-s-, compound infix).


ορθ-

ορθο- ορθο-#Greek


ορθό-

ορθο- ορθο-#Greek


Ευρω-

ευρω- ευρω-#Greek

Alternative form of ευρω- (evro-) for proper nouns


ευρω-

ευρω- (evro-) + αριστερά (aristerá, “left”) → ευρωαριστερά (evroaristerá, “European left politicians”)

ευρω- (evro-) + λίγκα (lígka, “league”) → ευρωλίγκα (evrolígka, “Euroleague”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to the continent of Europe; Euro-:

ευρω- (evro-) + βουλευτής (vouleftís, “Member of Parliament, MP”) → ευρωβουλευτής (evrovouleftís, “Member of the European Parliament, MEP”)

ευρω- (evro-) + κοινοβούλιο (koinovoúlio, “parliament”) → ευρωκοινοβούλιο (evrokoinovoúlio, “European Parliament”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to the European Union; Euro-:

ευρω- (evro-) + ζώνη (zóni, “belt, zone”) → Ευρωζώνη (Evrozóni, “Eurozone”)

ευρω- (evro-) + ομόλογο (omólogo, “bond”) → ευρωομόλογο (evroomólogo, “Eurobond”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to the Euro currency; Euro-:


ομο-

ομο- (omo-) + χρόνος (chrónos, “time, year”) → ομόχρονος (omóchronos, “simultaneous”)

ομο- (omo-) + βρόντος (vróntos, “crash, thunder”) → ομοβροντία (omovrontía, “fusillade, volley”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that denote something done simultaneously:

ομο- (omo-) + φύλο (fýlo, “gender, sex”) → ομοφυλόφιλος (omofylófilos, “homosexual”)

ομο- (omo-) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reason”) → ομόλογος (omólogos, “counterpart”)

ομο- (omo-) + είδος (eídos, “kind, type”) → ομοειδής (omoeidís, “uniform”)

ομο- (omo-) + ουσία (ousía, “essence, substance”) → ομοούσιος (omooúsios, “consubstantial”)

ομο- (omo-) + φωνή (foní, “voice”) → ομοφωνία (omofonía, “unanimity”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that denote something which has the same essence or derivation as another thing; homo-:


ορθο-

ορθο- (ortho-) + πτερό (pteró, “wing”) → ορθόπτερο (orthóptero, “orthopteran”)

ορθο- (ortho-) + δόντι (dónti, “tooth”) → ορθοδοντικός (orthodontikós, “orthodontic”)

ορθο- (ortho-) + παιδί (paidí, “child”) → ορθοπαιδική (orthopaidikí, “orthopedics”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that denote something done is upright; ortho-:

ορθο- (ortho-) + -γραφία (-grafía, “-graphy”) → ορθογραφία (orthografía, “spelling”)

ορθο- (ortho-) + δόξα (dóxa, “glory, opinion”) → ορθόδοξος (orthódoxos, “orthodox”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that denote something done is right or proper; ortho-:

ορθο- (ortho-) + κόλον (kólon, “colon”) → ορθοκολικός (orthokolikós, “colorectal”)

(medicine) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that denote something related to the rectum:


נעווראָ־

head

נעווראָ־ • (nevro-)


arce-

Middle English: arche-

English: arch-


σκυλ-

σκυλο- σκυλο-#Greek


σκυλό-

σκυλο- σκυλο-#Greek


σκυλο-

σκυλο- (skylo-) + λέγω (légo, “ancient sense - to collect, to gather”) → σκυλολόι (skylolói, “pack of dogs”)

σκυλο- (skylo-) + τροφή (trofí, “food, feed”) → σκυλοτροφή (skylotrofí, “dog food”)

σκυλο- (skylo-) + σπίτι (spíti, “house”) → σκυλόσπιτο (skylóspito, “doghouse”)

σκυλο- (skylo-) + καβγάς (kavgás, “fight”) → σκυλοκαβγάς (skylokavgás, “dog fight”)

σκυλο- (skylo-) + ψάρι (psári, “fish”) → σκυλόψαρο (skylópsaro, “dog fish”)

σκυλο- (skylo-) + ζωή (zoḯ, “life”) → σκυλοζωή (skylozoḯ, “dog's life”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to dogs:

σκυλο- (skylo-) + μούρη (moúri, “face”) → σκυλομούρης (skylomoúris, “dog-faced man, ugly man”)

σκυλο- (skylo-) + -άδικο (-ádiko, “place”) → σκυλάδικο (skyládiko, “bad quality nightclub”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something deformed or ugly:

σκυλο- (skylo-) + βαριέμαι (variémai, “to be bored”) → σκυλοβαριέμαι (skylovariémai, “to be extremely bored”)

σκυλο- (skylo-) + βρίζω (vrízo, “to insult”) → σκυλοβρίζω (skylovrízo, “to insult mercilessly”)

σκυλο- (skylo-) + μετανιώνω (metanióno, “to regret”) → σκυλομετανιώνω (skylometanióno, “to regret bitterly”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something negative to a high degree:


díní-

Unknown. Probably the combination of various lexical or aspectual di- and ni- prefixes of disparate meanings ("oral", "noise", "color", "legs", inceptive, static, neuter...). The high tone is an especially striking feature of this prefix complex.
It seems that the two prefixes di- and ni- when combined together are prone to receiving a high tone, in a fashion similar to yíní-. Compare:
* imperfective nishdaah "I sit down"/ future dínéeshdaał "I will sit down", where the di- prefix of the future mode in contact with the lexical ni- prefix triggers a high tone.
* imperfective nishkaad "I drive them into it" / imperfective díníshkaad "I start to drive them along", where the inceptive di- triggers a high tone.
Young (2000) analyses díní- as a prolongative prefix complex, composed of inceptive di- and terminative ni-. He also proposes that the complex may originally derive from di- + yíní- (directive) in neuter perfective verbs (see below).


ἑξα-

English: hexa-

Hungarian: hexa-

Latin: hexa-

Forming compound words with the sense of "six"


κωλ-

κωλο- κωλο-#Greek

(colloquial, chiefly vulgar) Alternative form of κωλο- (kolo-)


claon-

claon- (mutation mutation-radical)
chlaon- (lenition mutation)
gclaon- (eclipsis mutation)

From Old Irish cláen (“uneven, crooked, sloping”).

claonfhód

sloping sod; sod turned against slope of hill


ⲙⲛⲧ-

From Demotic mt (“speech, matter”), from Egyptian md-d:t-A2 (mdwt, “words, speech, matter”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mdwt</i>

(Sahidic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan) denominative prefix forming abstract nouns


ɸare-

Proto-Brythonic: *ar-

Breton: ar-

Welsh: ar-

Old Irish: ar-


etar-

Similarly to eter, from Proto-Celtic *enter.


uɸo-

Brythonic: *gwo-
Welsh: go-

desctree

Old Irish: fo-, fu-
Irish: fo-
Manx: fo-
Scottish Gaelic: fo-

Gaulish: uo-

From Proto-Indo-European *upo ("below").


ess-

Irish: eas-

Scottish Gaelic: eas-

From Proto-Celtic *exs-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”).

ess- (“out”) + beirid (“to bring, carry”) → as·beir (“to say”, literally “bring out”)

ess- (“out”) + renaid (“to sell”) → as·ren (“pay (off)”, literally “sell out”)

ess- (“out”) + éirge (“rising”) → esséirge (“resurrection”, literally “rising out”)

ess- (“non-”) + carae (“friend”) → escarae (“enemy”, literally “non-friend”)

ess- (“non-”) + báe (“benefit, utility”) → esbae (“uselessness”)

ess- (“-less”) + recht (“law”) → eisrecht (“outlaw”, literally “lawless, i.e. not protected under the law”)

ess- (“-less”) + tol (“desire”) → etal (“pure, sinless”, literally “without desire”)


ⲛ-

From Demotic nꜣ, from Egyptian n:A (nꜣ).

inh

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nꜣ</i>

genitive marker for linking at least two nouns or proper nouns in the absolute state with a definite or indefinite article.


ϯ-

(Sahidic, Bohairic, Fayyumic) Nominal state of ϯ (ti, “to give”).


υστερ-

υστερο- υστερο-#Greek


υστερό-

υστερο- υστερο-#Greek


υστερο-

From Ancient Greek ὕστερος (hústeros, “later, subsequent”).

der

υστερο- (ystero-) + βουλή (voulí, “will, desire”) → υστεροβουλία (ysterovoulía, “ulterior motive”)

υστερο- (ystero-) + γραφή (grafí, “writing”) → υστερόγραφο (ysterógrafo, “postscript”)

υστερο- (ystero-) + φήμη (fími, “reputation”) → υστεροφημία (ysterofimía, “posthumous fame”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that denote something is after or subsequent; post-:

υστερο- (ystero-) + Βυζάντιο (Vyzántio, “Byzantium”) → υστεροβυζαντίνος (ysterovyzantínos, “Late Byzantine i.e. 1081-1453”)

υστερο- (ystero-) + Λατινικά (Latiniká, “Latin”) → Υστερολατινικά (Ysterolatiniká, “Late Latin i.e. 200-500 AD”)

(history) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that denote a latter or last period of some era:


υστερο-

From Ancient Greek ὑστέρα (hustéra, “womb”).

υστερο- (ystero-) + εκτομή (ektomí, “excision”) → υστερεκτομή (ysterektomí, “hysterectomy”)

υστερο- (ystero-) + τοκετός (toketós, “birth”) → υστεροτοκία (ysterotokía, “expelling of the placenta”)

(medicine) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that denote something related to the womb:


øko-

eco-, also short form of økologi and økologisk, økonomi and økonomisk.


ҳ-

Ари ҳабуп.

Аҟәаҟа ҳцеит.


meath-

meath- (mutation mutation-radical)
mheath- (lenition mutation)


gwo-

Welsh: go-


ictio-

From Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús, “fish”).


ictio-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús, “fish”).


teno-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek τένων (ténōn).

tenodesis

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


anteiso-

(organic chemistry) (of an aliphatic compound, especially a fatty acid) Having a branch on the antepenultimate carbon atom of a chain


kuto-

kutokuja

Waliamua kutonipa nafasi.

Ujinga utokana na kutosoma vitabu.

Stupidity is caused by not reading books.

1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-


bʊ̀-

Bangi-Ntomba:

Lingala (C30B): bo-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): bu-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): ubu-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): u-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): u-

Shona (S10): u-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Northern Ndebele (S44): bu-, extended ubu-

Phuthi (S404): bu-

Swazi (S43): bu-

Xhosa (S41): bu-, extended ubu-

Zulu (S42): bu-, extended ubu-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): bo-

Tswana (S31): bo-

Tsonga (S53): vu-


mɪ̀-

Bangi-Ntomba:

Lingala (C30B): mi-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): mi-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): imi-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): mi-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): mi-

Shona (S10): mi-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Northern Ndebele (S44): mi-, extended imi-

Phuthi (S404): mi-

Swazi (S43): imi-

Xhosa (S41): mi-, extended imi-

Zulu (S42): mi-, extended imi-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): me-

Tswana (S31): me-

Tsonga (S53): mi-

Venda (S20): mi-


mà-

Bangi-Ntomba:

Lingala (C30B): ma-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ma-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): ama-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): ma-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): ma-

Shona (S10): ma-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Northern Ndebele (S44): ma-, extended ama-

Phuthi (S404): ema-

Swazi (S43): ema-

Xhosa (S41): ma-, extended ama-

Zulu (S42): ma-, extended ama-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): ma-

Tswana (S31): ma-

Tsonga (S53): ma-

Venda (S20): ma-


bà-

Bangi-Ntomba:

Lingala (C30B): ba-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ba-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): aba-

Tooro (J12): aba-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): wa-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): a-

Shona (S10): va-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Northern Ndebele (S44): ba-, extended aba-

Phuthi (S404): eba-

Swazi (S43): ba-

Xhosa (S41): ba-, extended aba-

Zulu (S42): ba-, extended aba-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): ba-

Tswana (S31): ba-

Tsonga (S53): va-

Venda (S20): vha-


kɪ̀-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ki-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): iki-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): ki-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): chi-

Shona (S10): chi-

Njila:

Herero (R30): otji-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Phuthi (S404): si-

Swazi (S43): si-

Xhosa (S41): si-, extended isi-

Zulu (S42): si-, extended isi-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): se-

Tswana (S31): se-

Tsonga (S53): xi-

Venda (S20): tshi-


kʊ̀-

Northeast Bantu:

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): -ku-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ku-

Southern Bantu:

desctree

Nguni: *kú-
Northern Ndebele: ku-
Phuthi: ku-
Swazi: ku-
Xhosa: ku-
Zulu: ku-


kʊ̀-

Bangi-Ntomba:

Lingala (C30B): ko-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ku-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): uku-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): ku-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): ku-

Shona (S10): ku-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Northern Ndebele (S44): ku-, extended uku-

Phuthi (S404): ku-

Swazi (S43): ku-

Xhosa (S41): ku-, extended uku-

Zulu (S42): ku-, extended uku-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): ho-

Tswana (S31): go-

Tsonga (S53): ku-

Venda (S20): u-


kʊ̀-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): ku-

Shona (S10): ku-

Northeast Bantu:

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): ku-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Xhosa (S41): ku-, extended uku-

Zulu (S42): ku-, extended uku-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): ho-

Tswana (S31): go-


mʊ̀-

B30 Group:

Pinji (B304): no-

Tsogo (B31): nò-

Viya (B301): nò-

Vove: nù-

Bole: bò-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): mu-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): mu-

Tooro (J12): mu-

Kilimanjaro Bantu:

Mashami: mu-

Mochi (E622A): mu-

Rombo (E623): mu-

Taita (E74): mu-

Lega (Shabunda): mu-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): m-

Rufiji-Ruvuma:

Makonde (P23): mu-

Matuumbi: mu-

Yao (P21): mu-

Southern Bantu:

Inhambane:

Tonga: mu-

Nguni:

Northern Ndebele (S44): li-

Phuthi (S404): li-

Swazi (S43): ni-

Xhosa (S41): ni-

Zulu (S42): ni-

Sotho-Tswana:

Northern Sotho (S32): le

Southern Sotho: le

Tswana (S31): le

Tsonga (S53): mi-

Venda (S20): ni-

Western Savannah:

Gciriku (K332): mu-, mw-

Herero (R30): mu-

Kwangali (K33): mu-

Luvale (K14): mu-

Luyana (K31): mu-

Mbukushu (K333): mu-

Ndonga (R22): mu-

Umbundu (R11): vu-, u-

Yeyi (R41): ni-


mʊ̀-

Bangi-Ntomba:

Lingala (C30B): mo-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): mu-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): umu-

Tooro (J12): omu-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): m-, mw-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): mu-

Shona (S10): mu-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Northern Ndebele (S44): mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-

Phuthi (S404): mu-

Swazi (S43): umu-, um-

Xhosa (S41): m-, extended um-

Zulu (S42): mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): mo-

Tswana (S31): mo-

Tsonga (S53): mu-

Venda (S20): mu-


mʊ̀-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): mu-

Tooro (J12): -mu-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Swazi (S43): mu-, m-

Zulu (S42): mu-, m-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): mo-


mʊ̀-

Bangi-Ntomba:

Lingala (C30B): mo-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): mu-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): umu-

Tooro (J12): omu-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): m-, mw-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): mu-

Shona (S10): mu-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Phuthi (S404): mu-

Swazi (S43): umu-, um-

Xhosa (S41): m-, extended um-

Zulu (S42): mu-, m-, extended umu-, um-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): mo-

Tswana (S31): mo-

Tsonga (S53): mu-

Venda (S20): mu-


mʊ̀-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): mu-

Shona (S10): mu-

Southern Bantu:

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): mo-

Tswana (S31): mo-


pà-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): aha-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): pa-

Shona (S10): pa-

Southern Bantu:

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): fa-

Tswana (S31): fa-


bì-

Bangi-Ntomba:

Lingala (C30B): bi-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): bi-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): ibi-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): vi-

Kikuyu–Kamba:

Kikuyu (E51): ci-/i-


kà-

Central-Western Bantu

Njila:

Kimbundu (H21): ka-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ka-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): aka-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): ka-

Shona (S10): ka-


dʊ̀-

Bangi-Ntomba:

Lingala (C30B): lo-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): lu-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): uru-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): u-

Shona (S10): ru-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Swazi (S43): lu-

Xhosa (S41): lu-, extended ulu-, contracts to u-

Zulu (S42): lu-, extended ulu-, contracts to u-

Sotho-Tswana:

Tswana (S31): lo-


tʊ̀-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): tu-

Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): utu-

Tooro (J12): otu-

Nyasa:

Chichewa (N31): ti-

Shona (S10): tu-


tʊ̀-

Northeast Bantu:

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): tu-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Tooro (J12): tu-


drømme-

dream, ideal (as the first part of a compound word).


menge-

form of meng-, before monosyllabic roots.


meny-

From prefix meng-. Prefix meng- before initials of /s/ will cause fusion with transformation of meng- into meny- and elision of initial /s/.

Form of prefix meng- before initials of /s/.


mem-

From prefix meng-. Prefix meng- before initials of /b/, /p/ or /f/ except before prefix per- will cause fusion with transformation of meng- into mem- and initial elision of /p/.

Form of prefix meng- before initial /b/, /p/ or /f/ except before prefix per-.


jätte-

From jätte (“giant”). Compare Norwegian Bokmål kjempe-, Norwegian Nynorsk kjempe-, Danish kæmpe-, Dutch reuze- and German riesen-, all deriving from their respective word for ”giant”.

ett jätteäpple

jätte- + stor (“big”) → jättestor (“enormous”)

jätte- + liten (“small”) → jätteliten (“tiny”)

Hon sprang ett jättelopp och vann enkelt!

(colloquial, intensifier) very, super-, monster


ʊ́-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Swazi (S43): u-

Zulu (S42): u-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): o-


ʊ̀-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni: *u-
Northern Ndebele: u-
Phuthi: u-
Swazi: u-
Xhosa: u-
Zulu: u-


bá-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ba-

Tooro (J12): ba-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni: *bá-
Northern Ndebele: ba-
Phuthi: ba-
Swazi: ba-
Xhosa: ba-
Zulu: ba-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): ba-


bá-

Northern Ndebele: ba-

Phuthi: ba-

Swazi: ba-

Xhosa: ba-

Zulu: ba-


bá-

Northern Ndebele: ba-, be-

Phuthi: ba-, be-

Swazi: ba-, be-

Xhosa: ba-

Zulu: ba-


bá-

Northern Ndebele: ba-, be-

Phuthi: ba-, be-

Swazi: ba-, be-

Xhosa: ba-

Zulu: ba-


gʊ́-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): gu-

Tooro (J12): gu-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Northern Ndebele (S44): u-, wu-

Swazi (S43): u-, wu-

Xhosa (S41): u-, wu-

Zulu (S42): u-, wu-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): o-


ǹ-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): n-

Tooro (J12): en-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Zulu (S42): n-, extended in-


ǹ-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): n-

Tooro (J12): en-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Zunda:

qual

Zulu (S42): zin-, extended izin- (prefixed with the pronominal/verbal concord)


ǹ-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): n-

Tooro (J12): n-


bí-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): bi-

Tooro (J12): bi-


ká-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ka-

Tooro (J12): ka-


à-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): a-

Tooro (J12): a-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Swazi (S43): a-

Zulu (S42): a-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): a-


gá-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ga-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni: *á-
Zulu: a-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): a-


dɪ́-

Northeast Bantu:

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): li-

Tooro (J12): li-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): li-, -li-

Southern Bantu:

desctree

Nguni: *lí-
Phuthi: li-
Swazi: li-
Xhosa: li-
Zulu: li-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): le-


dʊ́-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): lu-

Tooro (J12): ru-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni: *lú-
Northern Ndebele: lu-
Swazi: lu-
Xhosa: lu-
Zulu: lu-


gɪ́-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): gi-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni: *í-
Northern Ndebele: i-
Phuthi: i-
Swazi: i-
Xhosa: i-
Zulu: i-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): e-


jɪ́-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): e-

Tooro (J12): e-

Southern Bantu:

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): e-


bʊ́-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): bu-

Tooro (J12): bu-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni: *bú-
Northern Ndebele: bu-
Phuthi: bu-
Swazi: bu-
Xhosa: bu-
Zulu: bu-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): bo-


tʊ́-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): tu-

Tooro (J12): -tu-


tʊ́-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Tooro (J12): tu-


jí-

Chichewa (N31): zi-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): zi-

Tooro (J12): zi-

Shona (S10): zvi-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Northern Ndebele (S44): zi-

Phuthi (S404): ti-

Swazi (S43): ti-

Xhosa (S41): zi-

Zulu (S42): zi-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): di-


kɪ́-

Northeast Bantu:

Thagiicu:

Kikuyu (E51): kĩ-/gĩ-

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): ki-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ki-

Tooro (J12): ki-

Southern Bantu:

Nguni: *sí-
Northern Ndebele: si-
Phuthi: si-
Swazi: si-
Xhosa: si-
Zulu: si-

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): se-


kʊ́-

Northeast Bantu:

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): ku-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Luganda (J15): ku-

Tooro (J12): ku-

Southern Bantu:

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): ho-


kʊ́-

Northeast Bantu:

Northeast Coast Bantu:

Swahili (G42): ku-, -ku-

Southern Bantu:

Sotho-Tswana:

Sotho (S33): ho-


pá-

Great Lakes Bantu:

Tooro (J12): ha-


bakteriyo-

/bɑːktɛɾɪjoːˈ/


𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃-

From Proto-Germanic *twiz-. Doublet of 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-).

𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽#Gothic

𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍃 𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍃#Gothic

Prefix - occurring only in 𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (twisstandan) and the related 𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍃 (twisstass) - indicating separation from something.


mirmeco-

From Ancient Greek μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”).


mar-

From martensite, patterned after maraging, from blend of martensite + aging.

(steel-making) Relating to the production of martensite grains in steel.


mar-

prefix indicating active voice with transitive verbs with par-


old-

From Middle Low German olt, old, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz. Cognate with English old, Dutch oud, and German alt. The adjective exists in the Scandinavian languages only in the comparative and superlative, cf. ældre, ældst.

oldtid, oldsag

oldengelsk, oldnordisk


uma-

úma- (canonical class-1a)
ṓma- (class-2a plural)

Forms compound nouns from a verb and an adverb (which may be a locative noun).


leuk-

Alternative form of leuko- before a vowel.


ptil-

Representing the Ancient Greek πτῐ́λον (ptílon, “feather”, “down”).

der

ptiline


ptilo-

Representing the Ancient Greek πτῐ́λον (ptílon, “feather”, “down”). Compare the English -ptile, the French ptil-, and the New Latin ptilo-.

ptilogenesis, ptilolite, ptilopaedic

down, feather; also, more loosely, downy, feathery, penniform, plumiform


ptilo-

Ptilocercus, Ptilopaedēs


oxa-

(organic chemistry) Used to name compounds in which a carbon atom (typically a methylene group) has been replaced by one of oxygen


tw-

we (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)


tw-

tw- + oma (“to get dry”) → twoma (“we get dry”)

Form used before a verb beginning with a vowel of tu-


tu-

inflectional prefix applied to any lexical category functioning as predicate or complement to indicate past tense


tu-

For a full table including other classes


tu-

verb-initial form of -tu- (“us, 1st person plural object concord”)


tu-

tu- + -kora (“to do”) → tukora (“we do”)

tu- + -ha (“to give”) → tuha (“give us”)

positive imperative form of -tu- (“us; 1st person plural object concord”)


tu-

tu- + -nu (“this, these”) → tunu (“these (class 13)”)

[[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_13|class 13]] pronominal concord

tu- + -kora (“to do”) → tukora (“they (class 13) do”)

they; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_13|class 13]] subject concord

tu- + -ha (“to give”) → tuha (“give them (class 13)”)

positive imperative form of -tu- (“them; [[Appendix:Tooro_noun_classes#Class_13|class 13]] object concord”)


tu-

ewü (first-person pronoun)
y- (first-person)
ü- (first-person)
u- (first-person)
w- (agent first-person transitive)
w- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
wi- (agent first-person transitive)
wi- (agent-like first-person intransitive)
küwü (dual first-person inclusive pronoun)
k- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
k- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
k- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
k- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
kü- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
kü- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
kü- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ku- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ku- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ku- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
ki- (agent-like dual first-person inclusive intransitive patient-like)
ki- (direct-object dual first-person inclusive postpositional)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive patient transitive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive possessive)
ki- (dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument)
k- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kii- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ki- (agent dual first-person inclusive series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
amödö (pronoun second-person)
ö- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ö- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ö- (patient second-person transitive)
ö- (possessive second-person)
ö- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
öy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
öy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
öy- (patient second-person transitive)
öy- (possessive second-person)
öy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ödh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ödh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ödh- (patient second-person transitive)
ödh- (possessive second-person)
ödh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
o- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
o- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
o- (patient second-person transitive)
o- (possessive second-person)
o- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
oy- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
oy- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
oy- (patient second-person transitive)
oy- (possessive second-person)
oy- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
odh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
odh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
odh- (patient second-person transitive)
odh- (possessive second-person)
odh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
a- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
a- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
a- (patient second-person transitive)
a- (possessive second-person)
a- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
ay- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
ay- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
ay- (patient second-person transitive)
ay- (possessive second-person)
ay- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
adh- (direct-object postpositional second-person)
adh- (intransitive patient-like second-person)
adh- (patient second-person transitive)
adh- (possessive second-person)
adh- (second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
m- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
m- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
mi- (agent second-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
mi- (agent-like intransitive second-person series-ii-verb-argument)
nña (dual exclusive first-person pronoun)
y- (dual exclusive first-person)
dh- (dual exclusive first-person)
ch- (dual exclusive first-person)
i- (dual exclusive first-person)
chö- (direct-object dual exclusive first-person postpositional)
n- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
n- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ni- (agent dual exclusive first-person series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ni- (agent-like dual exclusive first-person intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
tüwü (pronoun third-person)
y- (third-person)
dh- (third-person)
ch- (third-person)
i- (third-person)
chö- (direct-object postpositional third-person)
n- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (patient series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
n- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
ni- (agent series-ii-verb-argument third-person transitive)
ni- (agent-like intransitive patient-like series-ii-verb-argument third-person)
tüwü (distant-past past pronoun)
kün- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kün- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kun- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kun- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kin- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kin- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
ken- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
ken- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
küm- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
küm- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kum- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kum- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kim- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kim- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
kini- (agent distant-past past patient series-ii-verb-argument transitive)
kini- (agent-like distant-past intransitive past patient-like series-ii-verb-argument)
t- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
t- (possessive reflexive)
t- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tü- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tü- (possessive reflexive)
tü- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
tu- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
tu- (possessive reflexive)
tu- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
ti- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
ti- (possessive reflexive)
ti- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
te- (direct-object postpositional reflexive)
te- (possessive reflexive)
te- (reflexive series-ii-verb-argument)
öö- (agent patient reciprocal transitive)
öö- (agent-like intransitive patient-like reciprocal)
öö- (direct-object postpositional reciprocal)
mön- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mön- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
man- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
mon- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möm- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
möni- (agent dual exclusive first-person object-second-person patient transitive)
k- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
k- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
kü- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ku- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)
ki- (agent object-dual object-exclusive object-first-person patient second-person transitive)

Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel u.


typo-

Borrowed from Latin typo-, from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos).

typo- + -sphere → typosphere (“the community of typewriter enthusiasts”)

typo- + -meter → typometer (“a ruler used to measure typography”)

Forming terms relating to typing or typography.

typo- + -logy → typology

typo- + -nym → typonym

typo- + chronology → typochronology

Forming terms relating to types (in various senses).


bora-

(organic chemistry) Describing any compound in which a carbon atom (or a >CH group) has been replaced by one of boron


avio-

avio- + truppa (“troop”) → aviotruppa (“airborne troop”)

avio- + trasportare (“to carry, transport”) → aviotrasportare (“to transport by air”)

denoting connection to aircraft and aerial navigation in general; aero-


oxaza-

(organic chemistry) Used to name compounds in which two carbon atoms have been replaced by one of oxygen and one of nitrogen


vacci-

vacci- + -cide → vaccicide


splanchno-

From Ancient Greek σπλάγχνα (splánkhna, “viscera”).


augne-

used as the first part of compound words relating to the eye.


nech-

Object prefix for verbs; it indicates that the object is first-person singular; me


nech-

Nechilwij ma niaw ka tiankis

(personal) me, first-person singular object marker.


пона-

покупа́ть (pokupátʹ, “to buy”) → накупа́ть книг (nakupátʹ knig, “to buy a quantity of books, a lot of books”) → понакупа́ть книг (ponakupátʹ knig, “to buy a quantity of books, to buy an excessive amount of books”)

Япо́нские телеви́зоры бы́ли понатыканы по всей тюрьме́

There were Japanese TV sets all over the prison

Japónskije televízory býli ponatykany po vsej tjurʹmé

Про филосо́фские кни́ги он слыха́л, но ему́ и не сни́лось что по э́той части сто́лько понапи́сано

He had heard of philosophical books, but had not imagined there had been so much written about it

Pro filosófskije knígi on slyxál, no jemú i ne snílosʹ što po étoj časti stólʹko ponapísano

(used with verbs) a quantity of, a lot of

Понакупа́ют маши́н (и стоят в про́бках, и броса́ют где попа́ло)
Ponakupájut mašín (i stojat v próbkax, i brosájut gde popálo)
they buy a lot of cars (and then get stuck in traffic jams and leave them where they are)

Понаехали тут!

They flocked here in large numbers (for no point)

(derogatory, colloquial, productive, used with verbs) to indicate pointless action


scapho-

From Ancient Greek σκᾰ́φη (skáphē, “boat”).


osmo-

From Ancient Greek ὠσμός (ōsmós, “push”), from ὠθέω (ōthéō).


osmo-

From Ancient Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ, “smell”).


Αϊ-

Preceding word, always hyphened, for masculine names of Saints. From Αγι (Agi) < Άγιο- (Ágio-) < Άγιος (“Saint”), adjective άγιος (ágios, “holy”).

Αϊ-Βασίλης

Αϊ-Γιώργης

Άγιος Άγιος#Greek

(colloquial, familiar) Alternative form of Άγιος, hyphenated, as 1st combining form for

Άγιος Άγιος#Greek

their church, or the region, neighborhood around it, or a toponym


sclero-

From Ancient Greek σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”).


vasculo-

From New Latin vasculāris, from Latin vasculum.

Vessel: Relating to blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, or both.


antó-

antó- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-antó- (eclipsis mutation)
hantó- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-antó- (mutation prothesis-t)

From Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).


ee-

From Middle English y-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

Used to form the past participle of verbs.


esophago-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos, “oesophagus”).

(anatomy) esophagus (oesophagus); esophageal (oesophageal).


viti-

Borrowed from Latin vītis (“grapevine”). Doublet of vit.


viti-

Borrowed from Latin vītis (“grapevine”). Doublet of vide.


religio-

[ɹəˈɫɪ.d͡ʒi.oʊ̯]

affix

Clipping of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">religion</i>


fuŝ-

fuŝ- + paroli (“speak”) → fuŝparoli (“speak (a language) poorly and without effort”)

(colloquial) in a botched, bungled, or ill-conceived manner.

fuŝ- + verko (“artwork”) → fuŝverko (“botched artwork, bungled artwork, ill-conceived artwork”)

(colloquial) botched, bungled, ill-conceived, ruined.


somato-

From Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”). Compare soma.


bronto-

Ancient Greek βροντή (brontḗ, “thunder”)


πρωθ-

πρωτο- πρωτο-#Greek


πρωτ-

πρωτο- πρωτο-#Greek


balneo-

balneo- + terapia → balneoterapia


lyso-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λύσις (lúsis, “a loosening”).


glio-

# From glia + -o-.
# From Ancient Greek γλία (glía, “glue”).

glioblastoma, gliomyoma

gliosome, gliocyte, gliosis

gliobacterium

gliode


elasto-

elasto- + -metr → elastometr


υδρό-

υδρο- υδρο-#Greek


υδρ-

υδρο- υδρο-#Greek


υδρο-

From Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).

υδρ-

used before morphemes that begin with a vowel

υδρο- (ydro-) + βίος (víos, “life”) → υδρόβιος (ydróvios, “aquatic”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + αυλός (avlós, “pipe”) → υδραυλικός (ydravlikós, “hydraulic, plumber”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + φίλος (fílos, “friend”) → υδρόφιλος (ydrófilos, “water-loving, hydrophilic”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + πτερύγιο (pterýgio, “flap, flipper”) → υδροπτέρυγο (ydroptérygo, “hydrofoil”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + λήψομαι (lípsomai, “to receive”) → υδροληψία (ydrolipsía, “water supply”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + θεραπεία (therapeía, “therapy”) → υδροθεραπεία (ydrotherapeía, “hydrotherapy”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + άργυρος (árgyros, “silver”) → υδράργυρος (ydrárgyros, “mercury”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + γόνος (gónos, “progeny, offspring”) → υδρογόνο (ydrogóno, “hydrogen”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to water; hydro-:

υδρο- (ydro-) + χλώριο (chlório, “chlorine”) → υδροχλώριο (ydrochlório, “hydrogen chloride”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + θείο (theío, “sulfur”) → υδρόθειο (ydrótheio, “hydrogen sulfide”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + λύση (lýsi, “solution”) → υδρόλυση (ydrólysi, “hydrolysis”)

(chemistry) added before a noun or adjective to create words for chemical element compounds with hydrogen or, more rarely, water:


ακριβο-

ακριβο- (akrivo-) + γιος (gios, “son”) → ακριβογιός (akrivogiós, “precious son”)

expressing: expensiveness, high value, (and figuratively) preciousness, importance

ακριβο- (akrivo-) + δίκαιος (díkaios, “just, fair”) → ακριβοδίκαιος (akrivodíkaios, “scrupulously fair”)

expressing: accuracy, care, meticulousness


sten-

Ultimately an intensifier related to sten (“stone”), as in calling someone "stone-deaf," with parallels in Icelandic such as stein óður (“stone mad”). Compare German sten-, Icelandic stein-.


sten-

very, exceedingly, profoundly (intensifier, in some words)


dento-

Combining form of Latin dens (tooth) with -o-, after the pattern of Greek combining words


regio-

regio- + -centrism → regiocentrism


νω-

From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by the laryngeal *h₃ and a consonant (i.e. *n̥h₃C-).


να-

From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by the laryngeal *h₂ and a consonant (i.e. *n̥h₂C-).


νη-

* From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by the laryngeal *h₁ and a consonant (i.e. *n̥h₁C-), which yielded Proto-Hellenic *nē-
* In Attic–Ionic, also derived from sequences of *n̥- followed by *h₂ and a consonant (i.e. *n̥h₂C-), which yielded Proto-Hellenic *nā- and νᾱ- (nā-) in other dialects


porto-

The daily shower is the most treasured part of my day. Last summer I went three months without one: it's kind of hard to keep yourself clean when you've got a porto-catheter and bandages protruding from your chest, or an i.v. implanted in your arm.

1989 April 15, Richard F. Tremblay, “Two Days”, in Gay Community News, page 8:


synapto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συνάπτω (sunáptō, “to conjoin, to connect”).


καρα-

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قره (kara, “black”).

καρα- (kara-) + πουτάνα (poutána, “prostitute”) → καραπουτάνα (karapoutána)

καρα- (kara-) + γύφτος (gýftos, “gypsy”) → καράγυφτος (karágyftos)

indicating and reinforcing negative or abusive attributes

καρα- (kara-) + μπογιά (bogiá, “paint”) → καραμπογιά (karampogiá, “black paint”)

καρα- (kara-) + κράζω (krázo, “to croak, to caw”) → καρακάξα (karakáxa, “magpie”)


sympatho-

sympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system


crico-

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the cricoid cartilage.


ub-

Class 14 full noun prefix; form of ubu- used before stems beginning with o.


ími-

Northern Ndebele: imi-

Phuthi: mi-

Swazi: imi-

Xhosa: imi-

Zulu: imi-


áma-

Northern Ndebele: ama-

Phuthi: ema-

Swazi: ema-

Xhosa: ama-

Zulu: ama-


iin-

Class 10 noun prefix; form of izin- used before stems of more than one syllable.


ísi-

Northern Ndebele: isi-

Phuthi: si-

Swazi: si-

Xhosa: isi-

Zulu: isi-


ín-

Northern Ndebele: in-

Phuthi: i-

Swazi: in-

Xhosa: in-

Zulu: in-


ába-

Northern Ndebele: aba-

Phuthi: eba-

Swazi: ba-

Xhosa: aba-

Zulu: aba-


iim-

Class 10 full noun prefix; form of izin- used before stems of more than one syllable beginning with a labial consonant.


tim-

Class 10 noun prefix; form of tin- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.


íli-

Northern Ndebele: ili-, i-

Phuthi: li-

Swazi: li-

Xhosa: ili-, i-

Zulu: ili-, i-

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.


úlu-

Northern Ndebele: u-

Phuhi: (merges into class 5 li-)

Swazi: lu-

Xhosa: ulu-, u-

Zulu: ulu-, u-


úbu-

Northern Ndebele: ubu-

Phuthi: bu-

Swazi: bu-

Xhosa: ubu-

Zulu: ubu-


καρά-

καρά- (kará-) + γύφτος (gýftos, “gypsy”) → καράγυφτος (karágyftos)

καρα- καρα-#Greek


ní-

Northern Ndebele: li-

Phuthi: li-

Swazi: ni-

Xhosa: ni-

Zulu: ni-


úku-

Northern Ndebele: uku-

Phuthi: ku-

Swazi: ku-

Xhosa: uku-

Zulu: uku-

Class 15 noun prefix; forms the infinitive of verbs.


úku-

Xhosa: uku-

Zulu: uku-


ngí-

Northern Ndebele: ngi-

Phuthi: gi-

Swazi: ngi-

Xhosa: ndi- (?)

Zulu: ngi-


lí-

Phuthi: li-

Swazi: li-

Xhosa: li-

Zulu: li-


ukw-

Class 15 full noun prefix; form of uku- used before stems beginning with a vowel.


ukw-

Class 17 full noun prefix; form of uku- used before stems beginning with a vowel.


bú-

Northern Ndebele: bu-

Phuthi: bu-

Swazi: bu-

Xhosa: bu-

Zulu: bu-


wú-

Northern Ndebele: wu-

Swazi: wu-

Xhosa: wu-

Zulu: wu-

Class 3 subject concord; form of *ú- used when another prefix precedes.


mú-

Northern Ndebele: mu-, m-

Phuthi: mu-

Swazi: mu-, m-

Xhosa: m-

Zulu: mu-, m-


úmu-

Northern Ndebele: umu-, um-

Phuthi: mu-

Swazi: umu-, um-

Xhosa: um-

Zulu: umu-, um-


úmu-

Northern Ndebele: umu-, um-

Phuthi: mu-

Swazi: umu-, um-

Xhosa: um-

Zulu: umu-, um-


lú-

Northern Ndebele: lu-

Swazi: lu-

Xhosa: lu-

Zulu: lu-


baryo-

Clipping of baryon. From Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús, “heavy”).


lwá-

Northern Ndebele: lwa-

Swazi: lwa-, lwe-

Xhosa: lwa-

Zulu: lwa-


sá-

Northern Ndebele: sa-

Phuthi: sa-, se-

Swazi: sa-, se-

Xhosa: sa-

Zulu: sa-


lá-

Northern Ndebele: la-, le-

Phuthi: la-, le-

Swazi: la-, le-

Xhosa: la-

Zulu: la-


ú-

Northern Ndebele: u-

Phuthi: u-

Swazi: u-

Xhosa: u-

Zulu: u-


ú-

Northern Ndebele: u-

Phuthi: u-

Swazi: u-

Xhosa: u-

Zulu: u-


ú-

Icelandic: ó-

Faroese: ó-

Norwegian Nynorsk: u-, o-

Old Swedish: ō-

Swedish: o-

Danish: u-

Norwegian Bokmål: u-

Inherited from Proto-Norse ᚢᚾ- (un-), from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Cognates include Middle High German un-, Old English un-, Latin in- and Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).


í-

Northern Ndebele: i-

Phuthi: i-

Swazi: i-

Xhosa: i-

Zulu: i-


í-

Northern Ndebele: i-

Phuthi: i-

Swazi: i-

Xhosa: i-

Zulu: i-


í-

(disjunct prefix of position I); postpositional prefix meaning “against”; it is often found in contraction with ná- (“around”, reversionary) as (b)éé-, where it converges in shape with -é (“about”)

postpositional prefix meaning “against”; it is often found in contraction with ná- (“around”, reversionary) as (b)éé-, where it converges in shape with -é (“about”)
► Navajo terms prefixed with í- (postpositional)


sí-

Northern Ndebele: si-

Phuthi: si-

Swazi: si-

Xhosa: si-

Zulu: si-

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.


sí-

Northern Ndebele: si-

Phuthi: si-

Swazi: si-

Xhosa: si-

Zulu: si-


kwá-

Northern Ndebele: kwa-

Phuthi: kwa-, kwe-

Swazi: kwa-, kwe-

Xhosa: kwa-

Zulu: kwa-


kwá-

Zulu: kwa-


yí-

Northern Ndebele: yi-

Phuthi: yi-

Swazi: yi-

Xhosa: yi-

Zulu: yi-

Class 4 subject concord; form of *í- used when another prefix precedes.


yí-

Northern Ndebele: yi-

Phuthi: yi-

Swazi: yi-

Xhosa: yi-

Zulu: yi-

Class 9 subject concord; form of *í- used when another prefix precedes.


á-

Zulu: a-

Class 1 subject concord, used in the subjunctive and potential mood.


á-

Northern Ndebele: a-

Phuthi: a-

Swazi: a-

Xhosa: a-

Zulu: a-


á-

Northern Ndebele: a-, e-

Phuthi: a-, e-

Swazi: a-, e-

Xhosa: a-

Zulu: a-


yá-

Northern Ndebele: ya-

Phuthi: ya-, ye-

Swazi: ya-, ye-

Xhosa: ya-

Zulu: ya-


yá-

Northern Ndebele: ya-

Phuthi: ya-, ye-

Swazi: ya-, ye-

Xhosa: ya-

Zulu: ya-


kú-

Northern Ndebele: ku-

Phuthi: ku-

Swazi: ku-

Xhosa: ku-

Zulu: ku-


kú-

Northern Ndebele: ku-

Phuthi: ku-

Swazi: ku-

Xhosa: ku-

Zulu: ku-


kú-

Northern Ndebele: ku-

Phuthi: ku-

Swazi: ku-

Xhosa: ku-

Zulu: ku-


wá-

Northern Ndebele: wa-

Phuthi: wa-, we-

Swazi: wa-, we-

Xhosa: wa-

Zulu: wa-


wá-

Northern Ndebele: wa-, we-

Phuthi: wa-, we-

Swazi: wa-, we-

Xhosa: wa-

Zulu: wa-


wá-

Northern Ndebele: wa-

Phuthi: wa-

Swazi: wa-

Xhosa: wa-

Zulu: wa-

Class 6 subject concord; form of *á- used when another prefix precedes.


ndi-

ndimi (first-person singular)
ndiye (first-person singular)
ndisi (first-person plural)
ndio (first-person plural)
ndiwe (second-person singular)
ndiye (second-person singular)
ndinyi (plural second-person)
ndio (plural second-person)
ndiye (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
ndio (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
ndio (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
ndiyo (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
ndilo (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
ndiyo (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
ndicho (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
ndivyo (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
ndiyo (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
ndizo (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
ndio (class-11 singular third-person)
ndiko (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
ndipo (class-16 singular third-person)
ndimo (class-18 singular third-person)
For a full table

the emphatic copula or focusing copula: expresses "it is" with an inflected object


ndi-

I; first-person singular subject concord.


ndi-

me; first-person singular object concord.


eba-

From Proto-Finnic *epä. Cognate to Finnish epä-.

eba- + aus (“honest”) → ebaaus (“dishonest”)

eba- + selge (“clear”) → ebaselge (“unclear”)


vestibulo-

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the vestibule.


𐌰𐌽𐌳-

Verbal prefix signifying an action "against" or "toward".


Syro-

the Syro-Libyan confederation


daih

head

daih (Sawndip forms 大 or 太, 1957–1982 spelling daiƅ)

daih cibcaet


hinauf-

A prefix, conveying a movement upwards (toward the top)


yond-

a prefix meaning beyond; across; through; over; ultra-


eicosa-

From Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”).


bleno-

From Ancient Greek βλέννα (blénna, “pus, mucus”).

uder

used to form terms relating to pus or mucus


xenna-

From Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa, “nine”), for the ninth order of 10³, and the letter x, as the third term in a series running backwards through the alphabet (after zetta- and yotta-). The final a conforms to the final vowel of the SI series from mega- upwards.

The SI prefixes above are not the only extreme ones. Others such as xenno (x) (10⁻²⁷) and xenna (X) (10²⁷), or vendeko (v) (10⁻³³) and vendeka (V) (10³³) exist, and can help simplify the expression of extreme numbers.

1994, IPC Magazines, New Scientist, volume 144, page 81:

If we try to calculate the mass of earth it comes to 6 xennagrams which is nothing but 6x10²⁴ kilograms or 6x10²⁷ gms.

1997, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Science Reporter, volume 34, page 23:

But that's nothing: our universe is about 0.8 Xm (Xennametres, billions of billions of billions of metres) in diameter.

2015, Claude Phipps, No Wonder You Wonder!: Great Inventions and Scientific Mysteries, Springer, page 62:

(informal) Synonym of ronna- (used before an official prefix existed). Symbol: X


belone-

From Ancient Greek βελόνη (belónē, “needle”).

belone- (forms terms relating to needles)


экс-

эксмини́стр ― eksminístr ― ex-minster

экспрезиде́нт ― eksprezidént ― ex-president

экскоро́ль ― ekskorólʹ ― ex-king

экспремье́р

эксчемпио́н ― eksčempión ― ex-champion

эксрекордсме́н

эксдикта́тор ― eksdiktátor ― ex-dictator

(productive, in journalistic style, occasional or colloquial, takes nouns, produces nouns) ex- (former)

productive; occasional or colloquial; produces nouns; productive; occasional or colloquial; produces nouns

экстерриториа́льный

(unproductive, takes adjective, produces adjective) extra- (out of; outside)

unproductive; produces adjective; unproductive; produces adjective


через-

Adjectival and nominal prefix, used in specialized terminology, slightly productive: trans-, cross-

через- (čerez-) + борозда́ (borozdá, “furrow”) + -ый (-yj) → черезборо́здый (čerezborózdyj, “in alternating furrows”)

через- (čerez-) + ряд (rjad, “row, line”) + -ный (-nyj) → черезря́дный (čerezrjádnyj, “in alternating rows”)

через- (čerez-) + зерно́ (zernó, “seed, grain”) + -ица (-ica) → череззе́рница (čerezzérnica, “partial absence of seeds (in some spikelets of ears of grain)”)

Adjectival and nominal prefix, used in specialized terminology, slightly productive: alternating


semio-

semiochemistry


ब-

Borrowed from Classical Persian به (ba) and possibly با (bâ, “with”).


pers-

Combining form of perse (in some compounds, such as persläpi, persnetto)


ボン

(only used in compounds, used in phrases borrowed from French) good


𐌼𐌹𐌸-

See 𐌼𐌹𐌸 (miþ, “with”). Compare German mit-.

Verbal prefix indicating that the prefixed action is performed together, similar to co-. Verbs with this prefix frequently govern the dative case.


spleno-

From Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “spleen”).
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn)der.
English spleno-


lopho-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λόφος (lóphos, “crest”).

lophodont teeth

The lophodont pattern can be seen particularly clearly in the elephant. Apart from the tusks [...] the elephant's teeth are reduced to a few enormous molars, each bearing numerous enamel ridges.

1987, M.B.V. Roberts, T.J. King, Biology: A Functional Approach. Student's Manual, page 88:

[Any] of the varieties above mentioned [...] may have one or more of its rays forked or branched like a tuft. The spicule is then said to be monolophous, dilophous, trilophous, or tetralophous according to the number of rays so affected.

1964, Francis Bather, A Treatise on Zoology: The porifera and coelentera. Part 3, page 134:


prod-

prōd- + eō → prōdeō

prōd- + esse → prōdesse

prōd- + agō → prōdigō


tephro-

From Ancient Greek τεφρός (tephrós, “ash-coloured”).


jǫrmun-

Icelandic: jörmun-

From Proto-Germanic *ermunaz, cognate with Old Saxon irmin- and Old English eormen-.


g-

Contraction of ec. From Middle Irish oc, ac, ic, from Old Irish oc, occ

Used before vowels in the formation of the present participle.


hunde-

(informal) Intensifies adjectives denoting undesirable states.


hunde-

Hund (“dog”) + -e-. Compare grotten-, sau-.

hunde- + müde (“tired”) → hundemüde (“incredibly tired”)

Intensifies adjectives that denote undesirable qualities.

hunde- + Wetter (“weather”) → Hundewetter (“terrible weather”)

Intensifies nouns, giving them a negative quality.


skide-

Skidegodt, Egon!

Damn good, Egon! (catchphrase of the character Benny from Olsenbanden)


बहु-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बहु (bahu).

lbor

(not productive) very, many, multi-, poly-


प्र-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-).

प्र- (pra-) + देश (deś, “country”) → प्रदेश (pradeś, “province, region”)

(productive) forward, onward; leading to

प्र- (pra-) + दान (dān, “gift”) → प्रदान (pradān, “gifting”)

प्र- (pra-) + बल (bal, “strength”) → प्रबल (prabal, “strong”)


प्र-

→ Bengali: প্র- (pro-) (learned)

→ Hindi: प्र- (pra-) (learned)

→ Old Javanese: pra-

→ Indonesian: pra- (learned)

→ Malay: pra- (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.


麥克

/maɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵/

/maɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵/

From English Mc- or Mac-, from Irish mac (“son”).


lorte-

Jeg gad ikke høre på hans lortesange.

I did not want to listen to his shitty songs.

Han boede i et lortehus i udkanten af byen.

He lived in a crappy house in the outskirts of the city.


noto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νότος (nótos) "south".


noto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νῶτον (nôton) "back (part of body)".


quiro-

Borrowed from New Latin chiro-, from Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”).


четверо-

[t͡ɕɪtvʲɪrə]


pisse-

Han er pissesur.

Jeg er pisseligeglad.

De var alle sammen pissegrimme.


vir-

From Old High German fora-, from Proto-Germanic *furai. Cognate with German vor-, English fore-.


dub-

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


zurecht-

/t͡suːˈʁɛçt/

From Middle High German ze rehte. Modern usage first attested in Luther's writings.

Adverbial and separable verbal prefix indicating an improvement or a correction.

zurecht- + biegen (“to bend”) → zurechtbiegen (“to bend into shape”)

Adverbial and separable verbal prefix indicating putting something into desired place or shape


közbe-

Lexicalization of köz (“gap, interval”) + -be (“in”, case suffix).

affix

közbe- + jön (“to come”) → közbejön (“to intervene, to come up”)


helico-

heli-

indirectly related through the root for spiral/helix


dat-

head

dat- (class B & C infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)

Alternative form of dot- (“thee, you (singular object pronoun)”)


dat-

dat- (mutation mutation-radical)
ddat- (mutation mutation-soft)
nat- (mutation mutation-nasal)

dat- + plygu (“to fold”) → datblygu (“to unfold, to develop”)

dat- + cuddio (“to hide”) → datguddio (“to reveal”)

dat- + drysu (“to entangle, to confuse”) → datrys (“to disentangle, to solve”)

dat- + canu (“to sign”) → datgan (“to announce, to declare”)


роз-

ро́з- • (róz-)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orz-. Doublet of раз- (raz-), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.

разыска́ть (razyskátʹ, “to search for”) → ро́зыск (rózysk, “search”)

разыгра́ть (razygrátʹ, “to perform”) → ро́зыгрыш (rózygryš, “(sports) competition”)

разня́ть (raznjátʹ, “to separate, to pull apart”) → рознь (roznʹ, “discord, strife”) (compare also ро́зно (rózno, “separately, apart (obsolete)”))

раз- (raz-) + deverbal from гове́ть (govétʹ, “to prepare for Communion by fasting”) → ро́зговенье (rózgovenʹje, “first day after a fast”)

разда́ть (razdátʹ, “to distribute”) → ро́зданный (rózdannyj, “distributed”, past passive participle)

Stressed equivalent of раз- (raz-). Found primarily in deverbal nouns and past passive participles.


роз-

Inherited from Old Ruthenian роз- (roz-), from Old East Slavic роз- (roz-), from Proto-Slavic *orz-.

inh+

Inherited from Old Ruthenian роз- (roz-)

роз- (roz-) + моро́зити impf (morózyty, “to freeze”) → розморо́зити pf (rozmorózyty, “to unfreeze”)

роз- (roz-) + учи́тися impf (učýtysja, “to learn (how to)”) → розучи́тися pf (rozučýtysja, “to forget how to, to loose the skill of”)

роз- (roz-) + люби́ти impf (ljubýty, “to love”) → розлюби́ти pf (rozljubýty, “to fall out of love, to grow indifferent to”)

(used with verbs) dis-, un-, de- (indicates reverse action or undoing)

dis-, un-, de- (indicates reverse action or undoing)

роз- (roz-) + бі́гти impf (bíhty, “to run”) + -ся (-sja) → розбі́гтися pf (rozbíhtysja, “to scatter, to run away, to flee, to diverge, to branch off”)

роз- (roz-) + брести́ impf (brestý, “to stroll, to wander”) + -ся (-sja) → розбрести́ся pf (rozbrestýsja, “to wander off, to wander away, to leave”)

роз- (roz-) + -кида́ти impf (-kydáty, “to throw”) → розкида́ти impf (rozkydáty, “to throw around, to scatter”)

роз- (roz-) + ві́яти impf (víjaty, “to blow gently”) → розві́яти pf (rozvíjaty, “to blow away, to blow around, to dispel”)

роз- (roz-) + ляка́ти impf (ljakáty, “to scare”) → розляка́ти pf (rozljakáty, “to scare away”)

(used with verbs) away, around (in different directions; to various places)

away, around (in different directions; to various places)

роз- (roz-) + ду́ти impf (dúty, “to blow”) → розду́ти pf (rozdúty, “to inflate, to blow up, to exaggerate”)

роз- (roz-) + рости́ impf (rostý, “to grow, to increase”) + -ся (-sja) → розрости́ся pf (rozrostýsja, “to expand, to spread”)

роз- (roz-) + ї́сти impf (jísty, “to eat”) + -ся (-sja) → роз'ї́стися pf (rozʺjístysja, “to get fat, to put on weight”)

роз- (roz-) + роби́ти impf (robýty, “to do, to make”) → розроби́ти pf (rozrobýty, “to develop, to design, to devise”)

(used with verbs) indicates increase in extent, volume, size or scope

indicates increase in extent, volume, size or scope

роз- (roz-) + дава́ти impf (daváty, “to give”) → роздава́ти impf (rozdaváty, “to give away, to distribute, to dispense, to deal out, pass out”)

роз- (roz-) + ложи́ти impf (ložýty, “to put, to lay”) → розложи́ти pf (rozložýty, “to put (in separate locations), to arrange, to sort”)

роз- (roz-) + ли́ти impf (lýty, “to pour”) → розли́ти pf (rozlýty, “to pour out, to serve (drinks, liquid foods), to bottle”)

роз- (roz-) + стели́ти impf (stelýty, “to spread, to lay”) → розстели́ти pf (rozstelýty, “to spread out, to lay out”)

(used with verbs) indicates distribution

роз- (roz-) + сади́ти impf (sadýty, “to seat, to plant”) → розсади́ти pf (rozsadýty, “to seat/plant separately (so that they are no longer seated or planted together)”)

роз- (roz-) + су́нути impf or pf (súnuty, “to shove, to push”) → розсу́нути pf (rozsúnuty, “to spread (apart), to push/draw/pull apart”)

роз- (roz-) + йти impf (jty, “to go”) + -ся (-sja) → розійти́ся pf (rozijtýsja, “to part with, to part ways, to break up, to disagree, to differ”)

(used with verbs;) apart (separately; away from one another/each other)

apart (separately; away from one another/each other)

роз- (roz-) + писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to write”) → розписа́ти pf (rozpysáty, “to paint, to decorate (by painting)”)

роз- (roz-) + ши́ти impf (šýty, “to sew”) → розши́ти pf (rozšýty, “to embroider”)

(used with verbs) indicates spread over the surface of the specified object

indicates spread over the surface of the specified object

роз- (roz-) + руба́ти impf (rubáty, “to chop”) → розруба́ти pf (rozrubáty, “to chop in (half, two, etc.), to chop to/into (pieces, bits, etc.)”)

роз- (roz-) + па́сти pf (pásty, “to fall”) + -ся (-sja) → розпа́стися pf (rozpástysja, “to fall apart, to break up (into), to disintegrate”)

роз- (roz-) + пиля́ти impf (pyljáty, “to saw”) → розпиля́ти pf (rozpyljáty, “to saw apart, to saw in (half, two, etc.)”)

роз- (roz-) + міня́ти impf (minjáty, “to change”) → розміня́ти pf (rozminjáty, “to break (money into smaller units)”)

(used with verbs) apart, up (indicates division into two or more parts)

apart, up (indicates division into two or more parts)

роз- (roz-) + вари́ти impf (varýty, “to boil”) → розвари́ти pf (rozvarýty, “to boil until very soft, to boil into (mush, puree, etc.), to overboil, to overcook”)

роз- (roz-) + те́рти impf (térty, “to rub”) → розте́рти pf (roztérty, “to grind to/into (dust, powder, pulp, etc.)”)

роз- (roz-) + м'яти impf (mʺjaty, “to knead, to squeeze”) + -ати (-aty) → розмина́ти impf (rozmynáty, “to mash, to puree, to stretch (by squeezing)”)

роз- (roz-) + кача́ти impf (kačáty, “to roll”) → розкача́ти pf (rozkačáty, “to roll out, to roll into (to shape by rolling)”)

(used with verbs) indicates reduction into a finer or less dense substance, or alteration of the original shape due to some form of pressure

роз- (roz-) + би́ти impf (býty, “to beat, to hit”) → розби́ти pf (rozbýty, “to crack (open) (an egg, nut), to split open (forehead, lip)”)

роз- (roz-) + рі́зати impf (rízaty, “to cut”) → розрі́зати pf (rozrízaty, “to cut open”)

роз- (roz-) + копа́ти impf (kopáty, “to dig”) → розкопа́ти pf (rozkopáty, “to dig up, to excavate”)

(used with verbs) open (indicates uncovering or opening)

роз- (roz-) + пізна́ти pf (piznáty, “to learn, to cognize”) → розпізна́ти pf (rozpiznáty, “to recognize, to identify, to discern”)

роз- (roz-) + гле́діти impf (hlédity, “to look at”) → розгле́діти pf (rozhlédity, “to make out, to discern (visually)”)

роз- (roz-) + болі́ти impf (bolíty, “to hurt, to ache”) + -ся (-sja) → розболі́тися pf (rozbolítysja, “to start hurting/aching”)

роз- (roz-) + червоні́ти impf (červoníty, “to turn red, to redden”) + -ся (-sja) → розчервоні́тися pf (rozčervonítysja, “to turn very red”)

роз- (roz-) + пали́ти impf (palýty, “to burn”) → розпали́ти pf (rozpalýty, “to light, to ignite, to incite”)

роз- (roz-) + (archaic) вереди́ти impf (veredýty, “to hurt”) → розвереди́ти pf (rozveredýty, “to disturb (wounds), to stir up. to agitate”)

(used with verbs) indicates sudden or gradual transition into the state or further intensification of the state

роз- (roz-) + ду́мати impf (dúmaty, “to think”) + -увати (-uvaty) → розду́мувати impf (rozdúmuvaty, “to ponder, to muse, to consider, to hesitate”)

роз- (roz-) + пита́ти impf (pytáty, “to ask”) → розпита́ти pf (rozpytáty, “to ask (many questions), to interrogate”)

роз- (roz-) + гля́нути pf (hljánuty, “to glance at, to give a look”) → розгля́нути pf (rozhljánuty, “to examine, to look into, to review, to consider”)

(used with verbs) indicates thoroughness

роз- (roz-) + кра́сти impf (krásty, “to lose”) → розкра́сти pf (rozkrásty, “to steal all (of) the”)

роз- (roz-) + прода́ти pf (prodáty, “to saw”) → розпрода́ти pf (rozprodáty, “to sell out”)

роз- (roz-) + хапа́ти impf (xapáty, “to grasp, to grab”) → розхапа́ти pf (rozxapáty, “to take all (of) the”)

роз- (roz-) + ши́рити impf (šýryty, “to widen, to expand”) → розши́рити pf (rozšýryty)

роз- (roz-) + діли́ти impf (dilýty, “to split, to divide”) → розділи́ти pf (rozdilýty)

роз- (roz-) + двої́ти impf (dvojíty, “to split in two”) → роздво́їти pf (rozdvójity)

роз- (roz-) + криши́тися impf (kryšýtysja, “to crumble”) → розкриши́тися pf (rozkryšýtysja)

роз- (roz-) + люти́ти impf (ljutýty, “to anger, to enrage”) → розлюти́ти pf (rozljutýty)

(used with verbs) forms perfectives from verbs that match роз- (roz-) semantically with no further change in meaning

роз- (roz-) + збро́я impf (zbrója, “arms, weapon, weapons”) + -ити (-yty) → роззбро́їти pf (rozzbrójity, “to disarm, to unarm”)

forms nouns and verbs:
dis-, un-, non- (the reverse action)

роз- (roz-) + повсю́ди impf (povsjúdy, “everywhere”) + -ити (-yty) → розповсю́дити pf (rozpovsjúdyty, “to spread, to distribute, to disseminate”)

роз- (roz-) + діл m (dil, “valley, bottom”) + -я (-ja) → роздо́лля n (rozdóllja, “expanse, freedom, liberty”)

роз- (roz-) + доро́га f (doróha, “road”) + -я (-ja) → роздорі́жжя n (rozdorížžja, “crossroads, intersection”)

forms nouns and verbs:
branching, expanse


atlanto-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin Atlas; for more details, compare also Atlantic § Etymology, Atlas § Etymology, and atlas § Etymology.


duš-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duṣ-

Sanskrit: दुष्- (duṣ-), दुस्- (dus-)

Proto-Iranian: *duš- (see there for further descendants)


duš-

Central Iranian

Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), 𐬛𐬎𐬲- (duž-)

Northestern Iranian:

Khotanese: [script needed] (duṣ-)

Sogdo-Bactrian:

Bactrian: λρου- (lrou-), δρου- (drou-)

Northwestern Iranian:

Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: دژ- (dij-)

Northern Kurdish: dij-, duj-

Southern Kurdish: دژ- (dij-), دش- (diş-)

Proto-Medo-Parthian:

Parthian: (/duž-, dōž-; diž-/)

Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫋 (dwj), 𐫅𐫏𐫋 (dyj)

Proto-Zaza-Gorani:

Gurani: دژ- (diž-), دژە- (diža-)

Zazaki: diş-, dış (deš-)

Southwestern Iranian:

Old Persian: 𐎯𐏁- (duš-)

Middle Persian: (/duš-/)

Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫢 (dwš)

desc

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwš)

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭣𐭥𐭱 (dʿš)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.


多羅

Borrowed from Manchu ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ (doroi), from ᡩᠣᡵᠣ (doro, “road”), in turn from Chinese 道路 (dàolù, “road”).

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

(historical) a prefix added to ranks of nobility in the Qing dynasty


παιδ-

παιδο- παιδο-#Greek


παιδό-

παιδο- παιδο-#Greek


παιδο-

παιδο- (paido-) + ιατρός (iatrós, “doctor”) → παιδίατρος (paidíatros, “paediatrician”)

παιδο- (paido-) + τόπος (tópos, “place”) → παιδότοπος (paidótopos, “playground”)

παιδο- (paido-) + -κτονία (-ktonía, “-cide”) → παιδοκτονία (paidoktonía, “infanticide”)

παιδο- (paido-) + -λογία (-logía, “-logy”) → παιδολογία (paidología, “paedology”)

παιδο- (paido-) + -φιλος (-filos, “-phile”) → παιδόφιλος (paidófilos, “paedophile”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicate something related to children:


үҙ-

From Proto-Turkic *ȫŕ (“self; inside; core”).
See үҙ (üź) for more.

self-; of, by, in or with oneself or itself


नष्ट-

head

नष्ट- • (naṣṭa-)


ἀντι-

→ English: anti-

Greek: αντι- (anti-)


బే-

A negative prefix which denotes un-, in-, an-; without.


plesio-

From Ancient Greek πλησίον (plēsíon, “near”).


lombo-

lombo- + sacrale (“pertaining to the sacrum”) → lombosacrale (“lumbosacral”)

(anatomy) related to the lower back or loin; lumbo-


nidder-

From the adverb down, downwards. Compare German nieder-, English nether-.


uewer-

From Middle High German ober-, from Old High German obaro. Cognate with German ober-.


niewen-

From Middle High German neben. Cognate with German neben-.


आत्म-

आत्मा आत्मा#Hindi


psammo-

From Ancient Greek ψάμμος (psámmos, “sand”).


steupa-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *steupa-
Old English: stēop-, stēp-
Middle English: steop-, step-, stappe-, ste-
English: step-
Scots: step-
Old Frisian: stiāp-
Saterland Frisian: stäif- (possibly from Low German)
West Frisian: styp-, styf-
Old Saxon: *stiop-
Middle Low German: stiep-, stip-, stêf-, stîf-
German Low German: steev-, steef-
Old Dutch: *stiop-
Middle Dutch: stiep-, stippe-, stief-
Dutch: stief-
Afrikaans: stief-
Old High German: stiof-
Middle High German: stief-
German: stief-

Old Norse: stjúp-

Icelandic: stjúp-

Faroese: stjúk- (?)

Norwegian: styk- (< stjúk-, stýk-)

Swedish: styv- (possibly merged with Low German)

Danish: stiv-, stif-, sted- (through reinterpretation)

From *steupaz (“pushed away; cut off; abandoned; deserted; orphaned”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to push”).


steupa-

desctree

Old English: stēop-, stēp-
Middle English: steop-, step-, stappe-, ste-
English: step-
Scots: step-

Old Frisian: stiāp-

Saterland Frisian: stäif- (possibly from Low German)

West Frisian: styp-, styf-

Old Saxon: *stiop-

desc

Middle Low German: stiep-, stip-, stêf-, stîf-

German Low German: steev-, steef-

Old Dutch: *stiop-

Middle Dutch: stiep-, stippe-, stief-

Dutch: stief-

Afrikaans: stief-

Old High German: stiof-

Middle High German: stief-

German: stief-


ombro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄμβρος (ómbros).


Lal.

(astronomy) Abbreviation of Lalande. Abbreviated prefix for stars under Lalande designations


Lal.

(astronomy) abbreviated prefix for stars under Lalande designations


𐌐𐌏𐌓-

From Proto-Italic *por-, from Proto-Indo-European *pr-. Cognate with por-.


kai-

(added to verbs) A person that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun.


nepho-

From Ancient Greek νέφος (néphos, “cloud”).


శ్రీమతి

head

శ్రీమతి • (śrīmati)

A prefix used before the proper name of married women to denote respect.


dyw-

(Standard Cornish) Prefix to derive the dual form of feminine nouns.


xipho-

(anatomy) Relating to the xiphoid process (bottom of sternum).


skabs-

Combining form of skab (“closet”). Probably abstracted from skabsbøsse (“closeted gay man”). Compare English in the closet.

skabsjøde (“closeted Jew”), skabssocialdemokrat (“closeted social democrat”)


mag-

mag- + lev(itation) → maglev

mag- + slip → magslip

mag- + tape → magtape


mag-

mag- (verb-forming suffix, inchoative naga-, nag-, ga-, contemplative maga-, mag-, imperative paga-, pag-)

naga- (inchoative)
nag- (inchoative)
ga- (inchoative)
maga- (contemplative)
mag- (contemplative)
paga- (imperative)
pag- (imperative)

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *maʀ-. See Tagalog mag-.

Coordinate term: mo-

Magluto sila arong orasa.

actor trigger verb prefix, infinitive form

durative action, action or state continuing in time; see Imperfective aspect

Imperfective aspect
imperfective aspect#English

Wala siya magsulti

Gusto ko mag-ilis

Magdoktor siya

Magluto ko


mag-

mag- + CV- + balaod (“law”) → magbabalaod (“lawmaker”)

mag- + CV- + sibya (“broadcast”) → magsisibya (“radio broadcaster”)

mag- + CV- + kulit (“carve”) → magkukulit (“sculptor”)

(with partial (CV) reduplication) forms agent nouns, indicating one who does on a regular basis; -er

mag- + -Vl- + bantay (“keep watch”) → magbalantay (“watchman”)

mag- + -Vl- + himo (“create”) → maghilimo (“producer”)

(uncommon, with -Vl- insertion) forms agent nouns, same as above; -er


mag-

From Proto-Austronesian *maʀ-. Compare Malay ber-.

Magluluto ako ng pagkain.

actor trigger verb prefix, used to express:

Nagplanong magdoktor si Mary noong 1987.

Mary planned to become a doctor in 1987.

Hindi siya marunong mag-Ingles.

He doesn't know how to speak (use) English.

Mag-amerikana ka at malamig sa labas.

Mag-usap muna tayo.

Magsisisigaw ang mga bata kapag ginawa mo iyan.

The children would be screaming so much once you do that.

(with CV reduplication): an action that will be done repeatedly, continually, or intensely

Magkikita-kita tayo sa susunod na linggo.

(with root word reduplication): a reciprocal action involving three or more doers

Maglakad-lakad si Pedro sa mall.

(with root word reduplication): an action to be done occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then, or here and there

Magpa-Pasko na bukas!

Maghahating-gabi na.

verb prefix with no trigger/focus used to express being, occurrence, or existence

mag- + ama (“father”) → mag-ama (“father and child”)

mag- + asawa (“spouse”) → mag-asawa (“married couple”)

noun prefix used to indicate:
relationship between two persons

mag- + CV- + ina (“mother”) → mag-iina (“mother and children”)

mag- + CV- + kapatid (“sibling”) → magkakapatid (“brothers and sisters, siblings”)

(with CV reduplication): relationship among three or more persons

mag- + CV- + saka (“farming”) → magsasaka (“farmer”)

mag- + CV- + nakaw (“stealing”) → magnanakaw (“thief, robber”)

noun prefix used to indicate:
(with CV reduplication): occupation

noun prefix used to indicate:
occupation


urethro-

/jəˈɹiːθɹoʊ-/

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek οὐρήθρα (ourḗthra, “the passage for urine”).


बा-

Borrowed from Classical Persian با (bā).


ग़ैर-

Borrowed from Classical Persian غیرـ (ğayr-i-), from Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr).


कम-

Borrowed from Classical Persian کم (kam, “few, little”). See also कम (kam).

कम- (kam-) + ज़ोर (zor, “strength”) → कमज़ोर (kamzor, “weak”)


अनु-

अनु- (anu-) + सार (sār) → अनुसार (anusār)


अनु-

Devanagari script form of anu- (“subordinate to”)


अनु-

→ Hindi: अनु- (anu-)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀡𑀼- (aṇu-)

Pali: anu-

Combining form of अनु (ánu), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ánu (“after; following”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬎 (anu, “after; corresponding to”) and Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /anuv/). See adverb and preposition अनु (anu).


πετρό-

πετρο- πετρο-#Greek


πετρο-

πετρο- (petro-) + πέρδικα (pérdika, “partridge”) → πετροπέρδικα (petropérdika, “rock partridge”)

πετρο- (petro-) + γκάζι (gkázi, “gas”) → πετρογκάζ (petrogkáz, “bottled fuel gas”)

expressing a connection with oil or petroleum


nge-

Borrowed from Betawi nge-, from Javanese nge-.


nge-

Inherited from Old Javanese (m)aN-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-.


νανό-

νανο- νανο-#Greek


νανο-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos, “dwarf”).

νανο- (nano-) + κύκνος (kýknos, “swan”) → νανόκυκνος (nanókyknos, “Bewick's swan”)


dẫn

dẫn nhiệt/điện

chất dẫn điện

chất bán dẫn


चौ-

चार चार#Hindi


χαλκο-

χαλκ- (chalk-) + ορυχείο (orycheío, “mine”) → χαλκωρυχείο (chalkorycheío, “copper mine”)

expressing: made of or connected with copper

χαλκό- (chalkó-) + χρώμα (chróma, “colour”) → χαλκόχρωμος (chalkóchromos, “copper coloured”, adjective)

χαλκο- (chalko-) + πράσινος (prásinos, “green”) → χαλκοπράσινος (chalkoprásinos, “oxidised copper green coloured”)


кара-

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قره (kara, “black, dark”).

bor+

караман

карасмрт


myso-

From Ancient Greek μύσος (músos, “uncleanness”).


amnio-

From Ancient Greek ἀμνίον (amníon, “caul, membrane around the fetus”).


dipso-

From Ancient Greek δίψα (dípsa, “thirst”).


phó

phó chủ tịch


phragmo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φραγμός (phragmós).


gnatho-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γνάθος (gnáthos).


occipito-

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the occiput.


synchro-

Analyzable as syn- + chrono-, from Ancient Greek σύν (sún)+χρόνος (khrónos)


anthraco-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from New Latin anthracites, from Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax), whence also Latin anthrax, whence English anthrax (because the black eschars of that disease are named for their resemblance to coals).

anthrax

etymologically related but semantically never overlapping; no anthraco-derived English terms have reference to anthrax

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of anthra- (for derivatives of anthracene).


horo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “time, hour”).


cholecysto-

(medicine) Relating to the gall bladder.


dodéca-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δώδεκα (dṓdeka, “twelve”).


stër-

Originally possibly Vulgar Latin, from Latin extra, whence the synonymous Romanian stră-, regularly reflected in the archaic form shtër-. The modern form in s- might have arose by influence of Proto-Slavic *stàrъ (“old”), especially given sense 3, which is indeed also attested in Romanian, as for example in stră-bunic (“great-grandfather”), but not in other Romance cognates.

stër- + i madh (“big”) → i stërmadh (“very big”)

stër- + dhëmb (“tooth”) → stërdhëmb (“crooked tooth”)

stër- + qokë (“brood hen”) → stërqokë (“jackdaw”)

stër- + gjysh (“grandfather”) → stërgjysh (“great-grandfather”)

augments kinship terms by one generation. great-


ϫⲓⲛ-

(Bohairic) Used to form gerunds, a type of verbal nouns, from verbs.


ⲣⲉⲙ-

ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ#Coptic

(Bohairic) man of, person of (nominal form of ⲣⲱⲙⲓ (rōmi))


ⲙⲉⲧ-

From Demotic mt (“speech, matter”), from Egyptian md-d:t-A2 (mdwt, “words, speech, matter”).

inh

(Bohairic, Fayyumic) denominative prefix forming abstract nouns


ⲣⲉϥ-

From Demotic rmt jw.f (“one who”), from Egyptian rmṯ jw.f (“a person – he …”).

(Akhmimic, Bohairic, Lycopolitan, Sahidic) forms agent nouns from verbs; one who …, one that …


えせ

えせ (canonical)
エセ (canonical)
ese- (romanization)
えせ (hiragana historical)

エセ関西弁


πυρ-

πυρο- πυρο-#Greek


πυρί-

πυρο- πυρο-#Greek


πυρό-

πυρο- πυρο-#Greek


πύρ-

πυρο- πυρο-#Greek


हम-

Borrowed from Classical Persian هم (ham, “also; too”).

bor+

हम- (ham-) + शक्ल (śakl, “face, appearance”) → हमशक्ल (hamśakl, “doppelgänger”)

हम- (ham-) + दर्द (dard, “pain”) → हमदर्दी (hamdardī, “empathy”)

हम- (ham-) + सफ़र (safar, “journey”) → हमसफ़र (hamsafar, “partner in journey”)


πυρο-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυρο- (puro-), from πῦρ n (pûr) [modern, formal πυρ (pyr, “fire”)] + interfix -ο-.
The form πυρι- (pyri-), from the ancient dative singular πυρί (purí).

lbor

πυρο (pyro) + -μανής (-manís, “maniac”) → πυρομανής (pyromanís, “pyromaniac”)

πυρό- (pyró-) + -λυση (-lysi, “chemical breakdown”) → πυρόλυση (pyrólysi, “pyrolysis”)

πυρί- (pyrí-) + -μαχος (-machos, “resisting”) → πυρίμαχος (pyrímachos, “fireproof”)

πυρ- (pyr-) + -πολώ (-poló) → πυρπολώ (pyrpoló, “set fire to”)

πύρ- (pýr-) + -αρχος (-archos, “-arch”) → πύραρχος (pýrarchos, “fire colonel”)

expressing a connection with fire or flame(s), or the colours produced


ϫⲉⲙ-

(Bohairic) Added to verbs to signify finding.


ⲉⲣ-

ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ#Coptic

(Sahidic, Bohairic) Nominal state of ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire), ⲓⲣⲓ (iri), forming verbs derived from nouns or adjectives.

(Bohairic) Prefixed before verbs borrowed from Greek.


ϣ-

(Bohairic) Added to verbs to signify can or to be able to.


ϭⲓ-

(Sahidic, Bohairic, Fayyumic) Prefix formed from the nominal state of ϭⲓ (ci) indicating taking


πυρι-

πυρο- πυρο-#Greek


chống

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

From Proto-Vietic *coːŋʔ.
Semantically, compare 撐／撑 (chēng), such as 撐拒／撑拒 with chống cự and 俯臥撐／俯卧撑 (fǔwòchēng) with chống đẩy.

chủ nghĩa chống tư bản

chủ nghĩa chống cộng


ϣⲉⲡ-

(Bohairic) Added to verbs to signify receival.


utriculo-

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the utricle.


antar-

From Sanskrit अन्तर् (antar, “within, between, amongst”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”). Doublet of inter-.

der

antarbenua

antarkota

antarbangsa


anheim-

separable verb prefix that indicates movement to someone’s area of control


yhdys-

yhdyshenkilö

yhdyskunta

yhdyskäytävä

yhdyssana

Yhdysvallat

yhdysviiva

Indicated unity or connection, English translations vary.


entgegen-

/ɛntˈɡeːɡən/

[ʔɛntˈɡeːɡŋ̩]

From entgegen. Can also be analyzed as the adverb entgegen forming compounds.

Separable verb prefix that indicates movement towards or against something.


heksa-

Internationalism (see English hexa-), ultimately from Latin hexa-.


heksa-

From Latin hexa-, from Ancient Greek ἑξα- (hexa-), from ἕξ (héx, “six”).


heksa-

heksa- + -metr → heksamtr


empor-

From empor. Can also be analyzed as empor (adverb) forming compounds.

empor- + kommen (“arrive”) → emporkommen (“ascent”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates movement to the top of something.


χρυσ-

χρυσό- χρυσό-#Greek


χρυσό-

From Ancient Greek χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”).

χρυσό- (chrysó-) + μαλλιά (malliá, “hair”) → χρυσόμαλλος (chrysómallos, “golden haired”)

χρυσό- (chrysó-) + ορυχείο (orycheío, “mine”) → χρυσωρυχείο (chrysorycheío, “gold mine”)

χρυσό- (chrysó-) + κόκκινος (kókkinos, “red”) → χρυσοκόκκινος (chrysokókkinos, “golden-red”)


χρυσο-

χρυσό- χρυσό-#Greek


mùng

ngày mùng một Tết

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of mồng


isco-

From Ancient Greek ἴσχο- (ískho-), derived from ἴσχω (ískhō, “I restrain, hold”).


arithmo-

From Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number, counting, arithmetic”).


stibo-

From stibio-, itself derived from Latin stibium (“antimony”).


cholangio-

From Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel”).


摩訶

摩訶 (canonical)
摩訶 (canonical)
maka- (romanization)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kūkai
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra
ja:大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経
ja:弘法大師

From Middle Chinese 摩訶 (MC ma xa), in turn a borrowing from Sanskrit महा (mahā), itself the combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”).
First cited in Japanese to the 824 Buddhist text 大日経開題 (Dainichikyō Kaidai), a commentary written by 弘法大師 (Kōbō Daishi, also known as Kūkai) on the 大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経 (Dai Birushana Jōbutsu Jinben Kaji Kyō, “Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra”).

(Buddhism) great, excellent (used as an epithet on the names of people or things)


uba-

Old High German: ob-, oba-

Old Norse: of-

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆- (uf-)


kʷetwr̥-

head

*kʷ(e)twr̥- (before cons.) or *kʷ(e)tur- (before vow.) or *kʷ(e)tru- (with metathesis)

kʷtwr̥- (canonical)
kʷtur- (canonical)
kʷtru- (canonical)

Proto-Germanic: *feþur-

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: τετρα- (tetra-)

Italic:

Latin: quadr-, quadri-, quadru-

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čatwr̥-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćatwr̥-

Sanskrit: चतुर्- (catur-)


feþur-

Old English: fiþer-

Old Norse: fer-

Icelandic: fer-

Danish: fjer-

Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍂- (fidur-)

From pre-Germanic *kʷétwr̥-, probably resegmented as *kʷétur-, combining form of Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


ন-

From Sanskrit न (na, “not”). Compare Chittagonian ন (no).

কৰা; নকৰা

মাৰা; নামাৰা

লিখা; নিলিখা

উৰা; নুৰা

ঠেলা; নেঠেলা

লৈ; নলৈ

কোৱা; নোকোৱা

not (as negative prefix used before verbs.)


ξανα-

re- (used before both nouns and verbs to indicate repetition)


にせ

にせ (canonical)
ニセ (canonical)
nise- (romanization)


ニセ

ニセ (canonical)
にせ (canonical)
nise- (romanization)


hand-

hand when used as the first part of compound words.


sucho-

Of or relating to crocodiles (used in the construction of taxonomic names)


zói-

Alternative form of zó- (“zoo-”) (used before a slender consonant)


pliúrai-

Alternative form of pliúra- used before slender (palatalised) consonants.


Copto-

Copto-Arabic; Copto-Greek


achtan-

achtan- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-achtan- (eclipsis mutation)
hachtan- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-achtan- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of achtana-, used before a vowel.


achtanai-

achtanai- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-achtanai- (eclipsis mutation)
hachtanai- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-achtanai- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of achtana-, used before a slender consonant.


acant-

acant- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-acant- (eclipsis mutation)
hacant- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-acant- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of acanta-, used before a vowel.


adanai-

adanai- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-adanai- (eclipsis mutation)
hadanai- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-adanai- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of adana-, used before a slender consonant.


afanai-

afanai- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-afanai- (eclipsis mutation)
hafanai- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-afanai- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of afana-, used before a slender consonant.


afan-

afan- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-afan- (eclipsis mutation)
hafan- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-afan- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of afana-, used before a vowel.


acantai-

acantai- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-acantai- (eclipsis mutation)
hacantai- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-acantai- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of acanta-, used before a slender consonant.


adan-

adan- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-adan- (eclipsis mutation)
hadan- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-adan- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of adana-, used before a vowel.


acrai-

acrai- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-acrai- (eclipsis mutation)
hacrai- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-acrai- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of acra-, used before a slender consonant.


aldai-

aldai- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aldai- (eclipsis mutation)
haldai- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-aldai- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of alda-, used before a slender consonant.


ald-

ald- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ald- (eclipsis mutation)
hald- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-ald- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of alda-, used before a vowel.


apai-

apai- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-apai- (eclipsis mutation)
hapai- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-apai- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of apa-, used before a slender consonant.


amfai-

amfai- (mutation mutation-radical)
n-amfai- (eclipsis mutation)
hamfai- (mutation prothesis-h)
t-amfai- (mutation prothesis-t)

Alternative form of amfa-, used before a slender consonant.


bioth-

bioth- (mutation mutation-radical)
bhioth- (lenition mutation)
mbioth- (eclipsis mutation)

Alternative form of bith-, used before a broad vowel or consonant other than T.


eil-

eil- (mutation mutation-radical)
heil- (mutation prothesis-h)

eil- + gradd (“degree, grade”) → eilradd (“secondary, second-rate”)

eil- + cylch (“circle, cycle”) → eilgylch (“recycled”)

eil- + twym (“warm”) → eildwym (“reheated”)


ail-

ail- (mutation mutation-radical)
hail- (mutation prothesis-h)

ail- + creu (“to create”) → ail-greu (“to recreate”)

ail- + cylchu (“to circle”) → ailgylchu (“to recycle”)

ail- + gwerthusiad (“appraisal”) → ailwerthusiad (“reappraisal”)


nipo-

From Japanese 日本 (Nippon), native name for Japan.

nipo-brasileiro
Japanese Brazilian


𐍄𐌿𐌶-

From Proto-Germanic *tuz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-.

dys-; Verbal prefix indicating negativity or difficulty.


ud-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ud-

Sanskrit: उद्- (ud-, pref.)

q

Proto-Iranian: *uj-, *uc- (< *udᶻ-, *utˢ-, generalized from the position before dentals)

Central Iranian:

Avestan: 𐬎𐬯- (us-), 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)

desc

→ Iranian Persian: اس- (os-, “prefix as "ex-" in English”) (revived prefix)

Northeastern Iranian:

Proto-Scythian::

Proto-Ossetic::

Ossetian::

Digor Ossetian: ӕс- (æs-), с- (s-)

Iron Ossetian: ус- (us-), ис- (is-)

Proto-Saka-Wakhi::

Old Khotanese: 𑀉𑀬𑀲- (uyasa- /uys-/)

Late Khotanese: 𑀅𑀬𑀲- (ayasa- /ays-/), 𑀇𑀬𑀲- (iyasa- /iys-/), 𑀏𑀬𑀲- (eyasa- /eys-/)

Wakhi: (/zə-, zü-, z-/)

Arabic script: زو-, زوْ-, ز-

Cyrillic script: зә-, зу- (zu-), з- (z-)

Latin script: zə-, zü-, z-

Sogdo-Bactrian:

Bactrian: ασ- (as- /as-, *əs-/)

Khwarezmian: اس- (ʾs- /*as-, *əs-/), س- (s- /*sə/)

Sogdian: (/əs-, s-, əz-, z-/)

Sogdian script: [script needed] (ʾs-), [script needed] (s-), [script needed] (ʾz-), [script needed] (z-)

Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘- (ʾs-), 𐫘- (s-), 𐫀𐫉- (ʾz-), 𐫉- (z-)

Syriac script: ܐܣ- (ʾs-), ܣ- (s-), ܐܙ- (ʾz-), ܙ- (z-)

Southeastern Iranian:

Yidgha: ز- (zə-)

Northwestern Iranian:

Kurdish: /zi-/

Central Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)

Northern Kurdish: zi-

Southern Kurdish: ز- (zi- /zi-/)

Proto-Medo-Parthian:

Parthian: (/iz-, is-/)

Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉- (ʿz-), 𐫙𐫘- (ʿs-)

Zazaki: zi-, zu-

Southwestern Iranian:

Old Persian: 𐎢𐎿- (u-s- /us-/), 𐎢𐏀- (u-z- /uz-/), 𐎢𐎭- (u-d- /ud-/)

Middle Persian: (/uz-/)

Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫉- (ʾwz-)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwz-), [Book Pahlavi needed] (tr=ʾwc-)

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭥𐭦- (ʾwz-)

Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮀𐮅𐮆- (ʾwz-), 𐮀𐮅𐮏- (ʾwc-)

Pazend script: 𐬎𐬰- (uz-)

From Proto-Indo-European *úd (“out, outward”).


ud-

Sanskrit: उद्- (ud-)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud- (“up, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“out, away”).


ud-

desc

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*(o)uxs-</i>

Old Irish: uss- (merged with *(o)uxs-)


leictrea-

Alternative form of leictri- (“electro-”), used before a broad consonant.


leictr-

Alternative form of leictri- (“electro-”), used before a vowel.


cựu

cựu cầu thủ bóng đá


undervass-

underwater, adjective as used in compound words.


どす

どす (canonical)
ドス (canonical)
dosu- (romanization)


Gréag-

Gréag- (mutation mutation-radical)
Ghréag- (lenition mutation)
nGréag- (eclipsis mutation)


ηλεκτρ-

ηλεκτρο- ηλεκτρο-#Greek


քառա-

head

քառա- • (kʻaṙa-)

hy-prefix

քառա- • (kʻaṙa-)

From Old Armenian քառա- (kʻaṙa-), from քառ (kʻaṙ) + -ա- (-a-).


ste-

Apparently from Low German stef-, but compare also with etymology at English step- and at “stedbarn” in Den Danske Ordbog.


ste-

Apparently from Low German stef-, and as above.


méso-

From Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, “middle”).


па-

дуб (dub, “oak”) → па́дуб (pádub, “holly”)

труба́ (trubá, “pipe”) → па́трубок (pátrubok, “nozzle”)

дочь (dočʹ, “daughter”) → па́дчерица (pádčerica, “stepdaughter”)

сын (syn, “son”) → па́сынок (pásynok, “stepson”)


Đại

Đại Việt

Đại Anh

Đại Minh

Đại Học

Great Learning (one of the Four Books of Confucianism)


pơ-

pơ- + mơnơi (“to take a bath”) → pơmơnơi (“to bathe someone else”)


真っ

prefixes nouns, adjectives or adjectival nouns for intensification; really; truly; totally; completely


beath-

beath- (mutation mutation-radical)
bheath- (lenition mutation)
mbeath- (eclipsis mutation)


în-

Inherited from Latin in-, a prefixation of in (“in, into”); see în.


stam-

stam- + celle (“cell”) → stamcelle (“stem cell”)

stam- + far (“father”) → stamfar (“male progenitor”)

stam- + opløsning (“solution (homogenous mixture)”) → stamopløsning (“a solution that is used as an ingredient in more complex mixtures or which is diluted”)

something that other things come or are derived from

stam- + kunde (“customer”) → stamkunde (“regular customer”)

stam- + publikum (“audience”) → stampublikum (“constant audience, the set of people who attend regularly”)

denoting people that are always present; that are a firm element of a group etc.

stam- + hotel (“hotel”) → stamhotel (“a hotel that someone visits frequently”)

stam- + sofa (“sofa”) → stamsofa (“a sofa that someone ordinarily uses”)


stam-

used to form derivatives of the noun and verb stamme


ธัญ

From Pali dhañña (“unhusked rice”), from Sanskrit धान्य (dhānya).


donn-

donn- (mutation mutation-radical)
dhonn- (lenition mutation)
ndonn- (eclipsis mutation)


uun-

From Old Frisian un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-. Cognates include West Frisian ûn- and German un-.

Used to form nouns denoting a lack of the prefixed noun; un-

Used to form adjectives meaning the lack of the characteristic of the suffixed adjective; un-


𐌿𐍂-

Alternative form of 𐌿𐍃- (us-) (when prefixed to a word with initial r-)


𐌰𐍄-

The preposition 𐌰𐍄 (at) used as a prefix, from Proto-Germanic *at, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd; compare Old English æt-, Latin ad-.

Verbal prefix indicating presence, proximity, or intention/action towards/at something. Sometimes indicates perfectivity.


ปฏิ

ยาปฏิชีวนะ


hypho-

(inorganic chemistry) a relatively open boron structure


klado-

(inorganic chemistry) a very open boron structure


nido-

(inorganic chemistry) a nestlike boron structure

a nest-like structure
a nestlike boron structure


antiprismo-

(chemistry) eight atoms bound into a rectangular antiprism


placo-

From (combining form of) Ancient Greek πλάξ (pláx, “plate, tablet”).

uder

(chiefly paleontology) Provided with or relating to a flat plate or plates.


թերա-

From Old Armenian թերա- (tʻera-), from թեր (tʻer) + -ա- (-a-).


թեր-

pen-, under-, defective, incomplete, faulty


գերա-

From Old Armenian գերա- (gera-), from գեր (ger) + -ա- (-a-).


𐌿𐍆-

From Proto-Germanic *uba-; equivalent to 𐌿𐍆 (uf) used as a prefix.

Verbal prefix indicating location underneath or an action/movement forth from below or outwards from within; often yields aspectually perfective verbs.


कुत्ते-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kútas?
Maharastri Prakrit 𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (kutta)
Marathi कुत्ते- (kutte-)From Maharastri Prakrit 𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (kutta), possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kútas.

etymon

कुत्रा कुत्रा#Marathi


うす

usu- (romanization)
うす (hiragana historical)


વિણ-

From Sanskrit विना (vinā). Cognate to Gujarati વણ- (vaṇa-).

વિણલિખ્યો
viṇlikhyo
unwritten


mồng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 孟 (SV: mạnh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mạnh</i>

vi-etym-sino

Ngày mồng 2 tháng 9 năm 1945, lần đầu tiên tôi trông thấy Hồ Chủ tịch. Đó là một ngày lịch sử. Ngày hôm ấy, đứng trước rất đông quần chúng hoan hô nhiệt liệt, Hồ Chủ tịch trang nghiêm đọc bản Tuyên ngôn Độc lập của nước Việt Nam dân chủ cộng hoà.

1948, Trần Dân Tiên, Những mẩu chuyện về đời hoạt động của Hồ Chủ tịch [Anecdotes from the Life and Work of President Hồ]:

On September 2, 1945, I first saw President Hồ. It was a historical day, when President Hồ, standing in front of a great crowd of happily cheering people, solemnly read the Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

(Northern Vietnam) Used in front of the ten native base numerals (một, hai, ba, bốn, năm, sáu, bảy, tám, chín, mười) to denote one of the first ten days of a month, itself optionally prefixed by ngày


azla-

azla- + baba (“father”) → azlababa (“fathers”)

azla- + slodzi (“soldier”) → azlaslodzi (“soldiers”)


ϥⲁⲓ-

(Bohairic) Prefix formed from the nominal state of ϥⲁⲓ (fai) indicating carrying.


opistho-

to the back, pointing or bending backwards


allanto-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form; more at allantoid § Etymology and allantois § Etymology.


zelf-

From Middle Dutch self, from Old Dutch self, *selvo, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *selbʰ- (“one's own”), from *s(w)e- (“separate, apart”). Compare Low German sulv, West Frisian self, English self, German selbst, selber, Danish selv. More at self.


ankylo-

e.g. ankylosaurus, ankylosis

e.g. ankylothecodont, ankylose, ankylurethria, ankyloblepharon

e.g. ankylotic, ankyloglossia


amm-

Breton: am-

Cornish: am-

Welsh: am-


appendico-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from appendix.

Relating to an appendix, especially to the vermiform appendix


arteriolo-

(anatomy, pathology) relating to the arterioles


ann-

Breton: an-

Middle Welsh: an-

Welsh: an-

From Proto-Celtic *ande-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰe.


upa-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *upa-

Sanskrit: उप- (upa-)

Proto-Iranian: *upa-

Avestan: 𐬎𐬞𐬀- (upa-)

Old Persian: 𐎢𐎱 (u-p /upa-/)


אויס־

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אויס־ • (oys-)

A prefixed variation of the preposition אויס (oys).


diri

From Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).


QV

Initialism of queen+valley.; from Valley of the Queens.

Valley of the Queens
Valley of the Queens#English

(Egyptology) Prefix code for sites in the Valley of the Queens


بىـ

Inherited from Chagatai بی, from Classical Persian بیـ (bē-).


ปริ

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ปริ • (bpà-rí)

(elegant) around, about; round, circular; encompassing, encircling.


ընթա-

ընթա- • (əntʻa-)

xcl-prefix

ընթա- • (əntʻa-)


հարա-

Ultimately from Old Armenian յար (yar, “near, joined”), which was used post-classicaly as a prefix meaning “always” and in calques corresponding to Ancient Greek παρά (pará).

հարականջային ― harakanǰayin ― parotid

հարակարծություն

հարածածան


տար-

Armenian: տար- (tar-), տարա- (tara-)

An Iranian borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥Hás. Attested also as an adjective տար (tar, “distant”).


Mme.

Mrs. (“prenominal titular prefix for a married woman”) (missus) Abbreviation of madame.


ika-

7 (pito)

Attached to a numerical symbol to denote an ordinal number.


ika-

ika- + dalawa (“two”) → ikalawa (“second”)

ika- + lima (“five”) → ikalima (“five o'clock”)


ika-

ika- + galit (“anger”) → ikagalit (“to cause one's anger”)

ika- + galak (“delight”) → ikagalak (“to cause one's gladness”)


បញ

a form of បំ (bɑm), a causative prefix for verbs, similar to English en-. It makes the verb transitive and adds a meaning like make, to lead, to direct.


បំ

(causative) a causative prefix for verbs, similar to English en-. It makes the verb transitive, extended and it adds a meaning like make, to lead, to direct.


су-

су́- (canonical)
су- (canonical)
sú- (romanization)
su- (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sǫ-. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic сѫ- (sǫ-). From either Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“one, same”) or Proto-Indo-European *ḱom (“with”). Further cognate with Old Prussian san-, sen, Lithuanian sán-, są́-, Latvian suo- (the latter three being nominal prefixes), along with Old Lithuanian sa-, sù-, Sanskrit सम् (sam), स (sa), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨- (ham-), 𐬵𐬀- (ha-), Ancient Greek ὁμοῦ (homoû, “together with”), ἅμα (háma, “together with”), ἁ- (ha-, “with”), Latin semel (“once”).
Etymologically identical to the verbal prefix с- (s-), from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-. The difference in development is because of the looser juncture between early Proto-Slavic verbs and preverbs: thus, preverbal *sun was subject to Slavic Auslautgesetze. A similar situation is found in modern German. Not to be confused with Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.
A similar or equivalent prefix appears in a few words in Old Church Slavonic as соу- (sou-), with no trace of a nasal vowel, e.g. соугоубь (sugubĭ, “double”), with the root of -гиба́ть (-gibátʹ, “to bend”); compare Russian сугу́бый (sugúbyj, “strict, pure, (originally) double”). Some linguists believe this to be a distinct suffix, while Vasmer sees (in this case at least) assimilation from earlier *sǫ-, as above.

cog

су- (su-) + nominal form (with o-vocalism, Proto-Slavic -ǫ-) corresponding to -прячь (-prjačʹ, “to yoke, to join”) (root пряг- (prjag-)) → супру́г (suprúg, “husband”)

су- (su-) + nominal form of сесть (sestʹ, “to sit”) (root сед- (sed-), Old East Slavic сѣд- (sěd-)) → Old East Slavic сусѣдъ (susědŭ, “neighbor”) → Russian сосе́д (soséd, “neighbor”) (with change of prefix vowel, influenced by со- (so-))

су- (su-) + порос- (poros-, “pig”) (compare порося́ (porosjá), поросёнок (porosjónok)) + -ость (-ostʹ) → супоро́сость (suporósostʹ, “pregnancy (in a pig)”)

com-, con- (forms nouns denoting a connection or link)


ⲁⲧϣ-

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ⲁⲧϣ- • (atš-) m (ⲁⲧ̀ϣ)

(Bohairic) Added to verbs to signify to not be able to.