koniec i kropka

Literally, “[that's the] end and full stop”.

(colloquial, idiomatic) and that's that, so much for


i już

Literally, “and [that's] already [that]”.


i kropka

Literally, “and [that's the] full stop”.


i cześć

/iˈt͡ʂɛɕt͡ɕ/


i koniec kropka

Literally, “and [that's the] end full stop”.


aldaa

Possibly from a root al-?, hence al + -d + -aa.

Ko aldaa e ella

O aldaa e gere.

expresses the lack of a quality or characteristic: there is not, is not, no


żeby tak powiedzieć

by tak powiedzieć
by tak powiedzieć#Polish


łatwo mówić

łatwo powiedzieć
łatwo powiedzieć#Polish


żeby nie powiedzieć

/ˈʐɛ.bɘ ɲɛ pɔˈvjɛ.d͡ʑɛt͡ɕ/


by nie powiedzieć

/bɘ ɲɛ pɔˈvjɛ.d͡ʑɛt͡ɕ/

żeby nie powiedzieć
żeby nie powiedzieć#Polish


nie powiem, żeby

/ɲɛ pɔvjɛmˌ ˈʐɛ.bɘ/


powiedzmy sobie

used by the speaker that the listener might not like the following information but should accept it; here's the deal, let's be honest


powiem więcej

to add to that, on top of that, what's more


że tak powiem

Literally, “that I will say it like that”.

(idiomatic) if you will; so to speak, as it were


nikt mi nie powie, że

(idiomatic) used to express emphatic certainty; nobody can tell me


nie powiem, by

nie powiem, żeby
nie powiem, żeby#Polish


łatwo powiedzieć

easier said than done
easier said than done


töwa'kö

Likely derived from wa'kö (“the same as, equal to”).


'ika nga

tl-head

'ikâ ngâ or 'ikà ngâ (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ ᜅ)

'ikâ ngâ (canonical)
'ikà ngâ (canonical)
ᜁᜃ ᜅ (Baybayin)

/ʔiˌkaʔ ˈŋaʔ/

[ʔɪˌxaʔ ˈŋaʔ]

/ˌʔikaʔ ˈŋaʔ/

[ˌʔiː.xɐʔ ˈŋaʔ]

[ʔɪˌxaː ˈŋaʔ]

[ˌʔiː.xaː ˈŋaʔ]

'Ika nga, “Life doesn't come with a manual,” kanya-kanyang diskarte iyan!

As the saying goes, “Life doesn't come with a manual,” each one has their own ways!

used before or after a proverb, adage or cliché: as the saying goes


જી

Inherited from Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “long live”), imperative of जीवति (jīvati). Cognate with Assamese জীউ (ziu), Bengali জী (ji), Hindi जी (jī), Punjabi ਜੀ (jī).

inh+

ગાંધી જી ― gā̃dhī jī ― Gandhi

the honorific particle, usually appended to names (of any gender) and titles

જી હા

જી ના

(formal) used to show politeness in agreement or disagreement


ika nga

tl-head

ikâ ngâ or ikà ngâ (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ ᜅ)

ikâ ngâ (canonical)
ikà ngâ (canonical)
ᜁᜃ ᜅ (Baybayin)

/ʔiˌkaʔ ˈŋaʔ/

[ʔɪˌxaʔ ˈŋaʔ]

/ˌʔikaʔ ˈŋaʔ/

[ˌʔiː.xɐʔ ˈŋaʔ]

[ʔɪˌxaː ˈŋaʔ]

[ˌʔiː.xaː ˈŋaʔ]


'ka mo

From 'ka + mo with the first element from wika. Compare 'ika mo.

Ano 'ka mo?

'Ka mo kanina, "Uulan mamaya." Kaya't dapat huwag na tayo umalis.

You said a while ago, "It will rain later." Therefore, we should not leave.


нехай

head

неха́й • (nexáj)

Inherited from Old Ruthenian нехай (nexaj, “let”), the second person singular imperative of Old Ruthenian нехати (nexati, “to leave be, to let go, to abandon”). Cognate with Czech nechť, Polish niech, Serbo-Croatian neka, Bulgarian не́ка (néka).

cog

Неха́й щасти́ть!

Good luck! (literally, “May one get lucky!”)

Стра́ху неха́й не зна́ю я!


ka̠⁵⁵

ŋai³⁵ na̠³¹ ma³¹tʰa³¹ sŭ.pɛ̠³¹ jaŋ³¹ kʰau³¹ la³¹ vŭ. ka̠³¹.

My motorbike was stolen. (lit. "By somebody stole my motor.")

njɔ̠̃³¹ na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ ɣəi⁵⁵ xɛʔ⁵⁵ xɛʔ⁵⁵ ai⁵⁵ kă̠.laŋ³¹.

verb plural marker denoting plural subject (≥ 3)

kɛ̠ʔ⁵⁵

imperative form of ka̠⁵⁵, from ka̠⁵⁵ + ɛʔ⁵⁵


ka̠⁵⁵

ja̠m⁵⁵ mɛ̃⁵⁵ sam⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵⁵li⁵¹ ka̠⁵⁵ pa³¹ a³⁵.

(used after amount) about, approximately


ဧဝံ

ဧဝမ္ပိ သိက္ခာ ဧကာ သညာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ၊ သိက္ခာ ဧကာ သညာ နိရုဇ္ဈတိ။ အယမ္ပိ သိက္ခာတိ ဘဂဝါ အဝေါစ။

c. 50 BC, ဆဋ္ဌသင်္ဂီတိပိဋကံ သုတ္တန္တပိဋကေ ဒီဃနိကာယေ သီလက္ခန္ဓဝဂ္ဂပါဋိ [Sixth Council Tipitaka: Sutta Pitaka: Digha Nikaya: Silakkhandha-vagga], published 2010, page 171 (၁၇၁):

'Thus also is it that through training one idea, one sort of consciousness, arises; and through training another passes away. This is the training I spoke of', said the Exalted One.

evampi sikkhā ekā saññā uppajjati sikkhā ekā saññā nirujjhati. ayampi sikkhāti bhagavā avoca.


wanaa

Taa hoola o sabo o wanaa koolniiɗo.

Don't believe him, he is not trustworthy.

Mi ɗalii o golle sabo o wanaa jiɗɗo golle.

I fired him because he doesn't like to work.

Gorko o yankirii sabo o wi'ii wanaa Laamɗo tomni ƴuwoonde.

That fellow blasphemed because he said it wasn't God that made it rain.

Si wanaa mi yarna na'i hannden fu ɗi tampan.

If I don't water the cows today, they will be stressed.

Miɗo anndi ɓe fuu, si wanaa tummbiiɗo hakkunde Ali e Muusa oon.

I know all of them, except the one between Ali and Muusa.


inna rzecz

(idiomatic) (that's) another story, different story, separate issue, other thing


podobnież

/pɔˈdɔb.ɲɛʂ/


coś niecoś

/t͡sɔɕ ˈɲɛ.t͡sɔɕ/


дъэ

From Byzantine Greek δέν (dén). Cognates include Greek δεν (den), δε (de).


𐰀

Cognate with Turkish ey (“vocative particle”).

𐰋𐰏𐰠𐰼𐰢:𐰀

a vocative particle, used for direct address; O, oh, hey


йох

From Byzantine Greek ὄχι (ókhi), from Ancient Greek οὐχί (oukhí). Cognates include Greek όχι (óchi).
Probably also influenced by Urum йох (from Proto-Turkic *yōk).


ꂯ

an interrogative particle used for rhetorical or emphatic purposes.


człecze

/ˈt͡ʂwɛ.t͡ʂɛ/

/ˈt͡ʂɫɛ.t͡ʂɛ/


człeku

(literary) used with a male speaker to express outrage or to emphasize one's statement


też człowiek

used to remind someone that something shouldn't suffer and also has needs


przećsie

/ˈpr̝ɛt͡ɕɕɛ/


przecię

/ˈpr̝ɛt͡ɕɛ̃/


przedcię

/ˈpr̝ɛtt͡ɕɛ̃/

/ˈpʂɛtt͡ɕɛ̃/


przedcie

/ˈpr̝ɛtt͡ɕɛ/


przećcie

/ˈpr̝ɛt͡ɕt͡ɕɛ/

/ˈpʂɛt͡ɕt͡ɕɛ/


przećsię

/ˈpr̝ɛt͡ɕɕɛ̃/

/ˈpʂɛt͡ɕɕɛ̃/


przećcię

/ˈpr̝ɛt͡ɕt͡ɕɛ̃/

/ˈpʂɛt͡ɕt͡ɕɛ̃/


przedsięż

/ˈpr̝ɛtɕɛ̃ʂ/


włącznie

od 1 do 10 włącznie

od poniedziałku do piątku włącznie

inclusive (including the extremes as well as the area between)


siłą rzeczy

/ˈɕi.wɔw̃ ˈʐɛ.t͡ʂɘ/

Literally, “by [the] force of things”. Calque of French par la force des choses.

cal

Near-synonyms: ex definitione, par excellence, z definicji, z natury rzeczy, z założenia

(idiomatic) necessarily, by necessity, logically, inevitably, perforce


bo nie

(colloquial, idiomatic) because I said so, just because (the listener does not need to understand the reasons)


stety

Back-formation from niestety (“unfortunately”).


किस्

head

किस् • (kís)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kís ~ čís, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬨 (cim), 𐬐𐬆𐬨 (kəm). According to Mayrhofer, किस् (kis) is either an archaism or a Prakritism.


nie ma jak

(idiomatic) there is nothing like (what is being discussed is, according to the speaker, the best)


эйй

From Proto-Samic *i-, from Proto-Uralic negative verb stem *e- ~ *ä- ~ *a-. Cognates include Finnish ei, Northern Sami ii and Skolt Sami ij.

эйй шӯрр пэ̄ҏҏт

small house (literally, “not big house”)

эйй ко̄ммьтэсь ёгк


nie owijając w bawełnę

not to put too fine a point on it
not to put too fine a point on it

(colloquial, idiomatic) not to put too fine a point on it (used to inform that what one wants to say will be communicated directly in blunt terms as it is necessary to know everything about the subject under discussion)


ܟܠܝ

ܟܠܝܼ • (kullī)

ܟܠܝܼ ܟܹܐ ܡܲܚܸܒ ܟܠܘܼܟ݂

first-person singular form of ܟܠ (kul); all of me


ᬳᬚᬶ

Borrowed from Old Javanese aji (“value; holy writ, scripture, sacred text; authoritative text; sacred formula”).


으느

See main entry. Compare eastern dialectal 으 (-eu).

Hamgyong and Yukjin form of 은 (-eun, “topical marker”)


mɨ

ta ni tʰao mɨ fuu kõã kë a kure.

I am going back out to the forest to look for something to eat.

yuri pë kããɨ mɨ huokema.

a verbal particle placed before verbs of movement, indicating movement with a specific intent


ñeva

7. Tassā dvemāsiko gabbho lohitañ ñeva pagghari
tad'assā mātā kupitā mayhaṃ ñātī samānayi.

c. 50 BC, Petavatthu; republished in Prof. Minayeff, Petavatthu, London: Pali Text Society, 1888, page 6:

7. When her unborn child was two months old, just blood flowed forth. Then her angry mother brought her kin to me.


níosa

níosa dheise

Munster form of níos (comparative particle)


-ܢ

From Aramaic ־ַן (-an); cognate to Hebrew ־ֵנוּ (-énu) and Arabic ـنَا (-nā).

ܐܸܠܲܢ

ܥܲܡܲܢ

attached to prepositions to indicate the plural 1st person; us

ܒܪܵܬܲܢ

attached to nouns to indicate possession by a male or masculine noun in the 1st person; our

attached to progressive verbs to indicate an action being directed to the plural 1st person

attached to passive and past participles to indicate an action being directed to the plural 1st person


-ܝ

From Aramaic ־ִי (-ī); cognate to Hebrew ־ִי (-í) and Arabic ـِي (-ī)

ܐܸܠܝܼ

ܥܲܡܝܼ

attached to prepositions to indicate object in the 1st person; me

ܒܪܵܬܝܼ

attached to nouns to indicate possession by the 1st person; my

attached to progressive verbs to indicate an action being directed to the 1st person

attached to passive and past participles to indicate an action being directed to the 1st person


-ܘܟܘܢ

aii-particle

-ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ • (-āwḵōn)

-ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (canonical)
-āwḵōn (romanization)

From Aramaic ־ְכוֹן (-ḵōn); cognate to Hebrew ־ְכֶם (-khem), Hebrew ־ְכֶן (-khén), Arabic ـكُمْ (-kum) and ـكُنَّ (-kunna).

ܐܸܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ

ܥܲܡܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ

attached to prepositions to indicate the plural 2nd person; you

ܒܪܵܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ

attached to nouns to indicate possession by the plural 2nd person; your

attached to progressive verbs to indicate an action being directed to the plural 2nd person

attached to passive and past participles to indicate an action being directed to the plural 2nd person


-ܟܝ

-ܵܟ݂ܝ • (-āḵ)

From Aramaic ־ִיךְ (-īḵ); cognate to Hebrew ־ֵךְ (-'ékh) and Arabic ـكِ (-ki).

ܐܸܠܵܟ݂ܝ

ܥܲܡܵܟ݂ܝ

attached to prepositions to indicate a female or feminine object in the 2nd person; you, thee

ܒܪܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ

attached to nouns to indicate possession by a female or feminine noun in the 2nd person; your, thy

ܐܵܢܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܬܲܢܘܼܝܵܟ݂ܝ ܛܸܒܹ̈ܐ

attached to progressive verbs to indicate an action being directed to a female or feminine noun in the 2nd person

ܗ݇ܘܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܐ݇ܡܝܼܪܵܟ݂ܝ

wē lēh mīrāḵ

attached to passive and past participles to indicate an action being directed to a female or feminine noun in the 2nd person


-ܘܟ

-ܘܼܟ݂ • (-ūḵ)

From Aramaic ־ָך (-āḵ); cognate to Hebrew ־ךָ (-khá) and Arabic ـكَ (-ka).

ܐܸܠܘܼܟ݂

ܥܲܡܘܼܟ݂

attached to prepositions to indicate a male or masculine object in the 2nd person; you, thee

ܒܪܵܬܘܼܟ݂

attached to nouns to indicate possession by a male or masculine noun in the 2nd person; your, thy

ܐܵܢܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܬܲܢܘܼܝܘܼܟ݂ ܛܸܒܹ̈ܐ

attached to progressive verbs to indicate an action being directed to a male or masculine noun in the 2nd person

ܗ݇ܘܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ ܐ݇ܡܝܼܪܬܘܼܟ݂

attached to passive and past participles to indicate an action being directed to a male or masculine noun in the 2nd person


فيم

ar-particle

فِيمَ • (fīma)

compound

فِي (fī) + مَا (mā)


علام

ar-particle

عَلَامَ • (ʕalāma)

عَلَامَ (canonical)
ʕalāma (romanization)

compound

عَلَى (ʕalā) + مَا (mā)


إلام

ar-particle

إِلَامَ • (ʔilāma)

إِلَامَ (canonical)
ʔilāma (romanization)

compound

إِلَى (ʔilā) + مَا (mā)

إلامَ أشارَتِ الحَيَواناتُ الَّتي قُدِّمَت ذَبيحَةً تَحتَ الشَّريعَة؟

What did the animals that were offered as sacrifice under the law refer to?


لعلما

ar-con

لَعَلَّمَا • (laʕallamā)

لَعَلَّمَا (canonical)
laʕallamā (romanization)

af

لَعَلَّ (laʕalla) + مَا (mā)


ليتما

ar-particle

لَيْتَمَا • (laytamā)

لَيْتَمَا (canonical)
laytamā (romanization)

if only, I wish, would (would God) that...; expresses an unattainable wish


ꦠꦤ꧀

(literary) not (common expression of negation)


czë

interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question;


mōno

Phonological reduction of możno with compensatory lengthening due to frequency of length.


możno

(intransitive) denotes uncertainty; maybe

(intransitive) used for suggestions; maybe


-ܘܗܝ

aii-particle

-ܘܼܗܝ • (-ūh)

ܒܢܵܬܘܼ̈ܗܝ

attached to nouns to indicate (usually) plural possession by a male or masculine noun in the 3rd person; his, its


-ܘܗ

-ܘܿܗ̇ • (-ōh)

ܒܢܘܿܢ̈ܘܿܗ̇

attached to nouns to indicate (usually) plural possession by a female or feminine noun in the 3rd person; her, its


wżdy

Polish: wżdy

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьsьda. First attested in 1415.

Kv virzuczenyv wszdi (itaque) tego zlego obiczaya vstawyami

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 97:

(attested in Masovia) clearly, obviously, naturally; namely; at least; indeed

Baczy tv zakamyanyenye nyevyernego Iudascha, yze przepvsczyl sobye nogy vmyvacz a vschakosch szye nye chczyal vszmyerzycz, alye vzdy myslyl, yako by mogl Iesucrista dacz Zydom v rące kv vmączenyv

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 534:


wżdy

(archaic, contrastive) reinforces a fact that should be known to the listener; after all, in the end


-лиэ

Арнууйаалиэ... арнууйаадиэлэ тэрикэлльэл.

1997, Agafya Shadrina, “1. Арнууйаадиэ”, in Iku Nagasaki, editor, Материалы по языку юкагиров Верхней Колымы [Materials from the language of the Upper Kolyma Yukaghirs], Tachikawa, published 2015, page 1:

A wolverine... she married a little wolverine.


thửa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 所 (SV: sở).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sở</i>

vi-etym-sino

(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Indicates abstract qualities materialized by the orator in speech or writing.

Tân biên truyền kỳ mạn lục (新編傳奇漫錄)
鄭見其人。(官太守体所㝵意。)
Trịnh kiến kỳ nhân (Quan Thái thú thấy thửa người ấy)
Trịnh saw that person.

(obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 所 or 其.


kį•

Proto-Catawba: [Term?]

Catawba: kį

desctree

Proto-Siouan: *-kį
Pre-Mandan: [Term?]
Mandan: -ki (subordination marker)
Proto-Mississippi-Valley: [Term?]
Proto-Dakota: [Term?]
Lakota: kį, ki (definite article; subordination marker)
Proto-Ohio-Valley: [Term?]
Proto-Biloxi-Ofo: [Term?]
Biloxi: ḳiⁿhiⁿ


ściśle mówiąc

(idiomatic) strictly speaking, technically, stricto sensu


niych

forms the third person imperative in the singular and plural; let, may

expresses optative meaning; had better, may


cé gur

head

cé gur (triggers lenition in the past/conditional, present/future form before a vowel cé gurb, past/conditional form before a vowel cé gurbh)

in the past (triggers-lenition)
conditional (triggers-lenition)
form before a vowel cé gurb (future present)

cé gur maith leis tae

cé gur mhaith leis tae

although/though/even though... was/would be


no chyba

(colloquial) confirmation particle expressing that the speaker sees the confirmation as obvious; well yeah, duh


chëba

expresses confidence but not certainty; probably; I think, I guess


dlôtegò

Univerbation of dlô + tegò. Compare Polish dlatego and Slovincian dlotêwo.


jakbë

Univerbation of jak + bë. Compare Polish jakby.


òczëwisce

From òczëwisti + -e. Compare Polish oczywiście.


ôczywiście

/wɔt͡ʂɪˈviɕt͡ɕɛ/

Inherited from Old Polish oczywiście. By surface analysis, ôczywisty + -ie.


uszywiście

Blend of uszy (“ears”) + oczywiście, replacing the start of the second term, oczy (“eyes”), with a word for ears. First attested in 2002.

Bezalkoholowe? Uszywiście...

2002 November 28, Marcin Glinski, “dych ...”, in pl.rec.hihot (Usenet), archived from the original on 2023-08-18:

Wszystko moim zdaniem uszywiście.

2002 February 28, Miroo (usun USUNTO z adresu!), “Pasy, dzieci, samochody i takie tam.”, in pl.soc.prawo (Usenet), archived from the original on 2023-08-18:

uszywiście ze ma :)

2024 November 4, insane, “jaki stabilizator?”, in pl.misc.elektronika (Usenet), archived from the original on 2023-08-18:


-ᄁᆞ지

From Middle Korean ᄭᆞ자ᇰ〮 (skòcáng). Cognate to Korean 까지 (-kkaji).


ܬܟܠܐ

aii-particle

ܬܵܟܠܵܐ • (tāklā)

Root
 ܬ ܟ ܠ (t k l)
 0 terms
Probably the third person feminine active participle of ܬܵܟܹܠ (tākēl, “to trust”).

ܬܵܟܠܵܐ ܕܗ݇ܘܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ ܠܟܸܣܠܝܼ ܬܸܡܵܠ!

ܬܵܟܠܵܐ ܕܥܲܕܠܵܐ ܝܠܝܼܦ ܠܝܼ ܗܵܕܲܟ݂ ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ.


ܝܐ

ܝܵܐ ܐܵܫܘܿܪ...

ܕܵܐܟ݂ܝܼ ܝܘܵܬܝ ܝܵܐ ܚܲܒܝܼܒ݂ܬܝܼ؟

dāḵī ìwāt yā ḥabīḇtī?

ܝܵܐ ܒܲܪ ܟܲܠܒ݂ܵܐ!

O; hey; you; vocative particle preceding a noun used in direct address


ᄭᆞ자ᇰ

head

ᄭᆞ자ᇰ〮 (skòcáng)

ᄭᆞ자ᇰ〮 (canonical)
skòcáng (romanization)

desc

Jeju: ᄁᆞ지 (-kkawji), 꺼정 (-kkeojeong), ᄁᆞ장 (-kkawjang)

Korean: 까지 (-kkaji), 껏 (-kkeot)

ㅅ (-s, “genitive marker”) + ᄀᆞ자ᇰ〮 (kòcáng, “very, extremely”)


a' bhòn

used with words denoting a unit of time in the past to indicate one unit further away from the present; see derived terms


д’

* Contraction of the particle да (da, “to; let, may”).
* Contraction of the conjunction да (da, “if”).

(poetic, colloquial, before a vowel) Apocopic form of да (da): to; let, may


ќ’

ќ’ одам

(poetic, colloquial, before a vowel) Apocopic form of ќе (ḱe).


nádi

Univerbation of Portuguese não há-de (“there won't be”).

univerbation

Êle nádi vai

Nôs nádi falâ

negative future tense particle; will not, won't


vetëm

vetëm ti

Vetëm shko!


а так

head

а так • (a tak) (а та́к)

Актёрская игра́ не о́чень. А так я с ней согла́сна.

The acting isn't great. Other than that, I agree with her.

Aktjórskaja igrá ne óčenʹ. A tak ja s nej soglásna.

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see а (a), так (tak).


наўрад ці

наўра́д ці • (naŭrád ci)

наўра́д ці (canonical)
naŭrád ci (romanization)

hardly, unlikely, hardly likely (used to express doubt about the veracity of some statement)


ïa

Da ka jingpyrsad U Blei la ai ïa u thah

1891, “Job 37:10”, in Ka Baibl (Khasi Bible):

Bad ki blei jong ki kin long jingriam ïa phi.

1891, “Nongbishar 2:3”, in Ka Baibl (Khasi Bible):

And their gods shall be a snare unto you.

Ïa ki bynriew baroh la kha laitluid bad ki ïaryngkat ha ka burom bad ki hok.

2012, Meghalaya Peoples Human Rights Council, Jinis 1, Ka Jingpynbna-ïar Satlak ïa ki Hok Longbriew Manbriew:

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

accusative and dative marker, to, for, concerning, of


very yes

Compound of very + yes. Popularized by Strong Bad Email, an animated Internet cartoon associated with Homestar Runner.

Computer over? Virus = very yes? That's not a good prize!

2004 November 15, Michael Chapman; Matthew Chapman, “Strong Bad Email #118: virus”, in Homestar Runner, spoken by Strong Bad:

(Internet, slang) Exaggerated form of yes.


ezetz

Ezetz erantzun nion.

I answered negatively. (literally, “I answered that not.”)

Form of ez (“no, not”) used as the object of a verb.

ez

Ezetz, ez dela egia!


льо

Откога се е, мила моя майно льо, зора зазорила…

1848, “Откак се е, мила моя майно льо (Otkak se e, mila moja majno ljo) [Since when, O dear mother]”:

Otkoga se e, mila moja majno ljo, zora zazorila…

(dialect or poetic, postpositive) Vocative particle, used by the speaker to address the antecedent; O.


kapewu

From kapować (“to understand”) + French vous (“you”, polite second-person pronoun), modeled after French constructions like parlez-vous.

af

Nie bój się, on twardy, nic mu nie będzie. Swoich żałuj, kapewu?

1959, Tadeusz Konwicki, Dziura w niebie:

Don't worry, he's a tough one, he'll be fine. Pity your own, got it?


kapiszi

Borrowed from Italian capisci. See also kapować.

To najsłodsza osoba pod słońcem i masz być dla niej dżentelmenem, kapiszi, głąbie? Bo jak nie, to won mi stąd.

2023 January 3, Mad Bartnicka, Syn wiosny, e-bookowo, →ISBN:

She's the sweetest person under the sun and you're supposed to be a gentleman to her, got it, you dumbass?


tytułem

A teraz, również tytułem wstępu, kilka słów o pewnym rękopisie.

And now, also by way of introduction, a few words about a certain manuscript.

the speaker names the category of objects to which the thing in question belongs


nu că

Nu că nu mă simțeam bine în oraș, dar tot aș fi vrut acasă.

It’s not that I wasn’t feeling good out on the town, but I still would’ve rather gone home.

(introducing affirmations followed by an adversative sentence) it’s not that…


ani w ząb

(colloquial, idiomatic) used to communicate a lack of understanding even, at all; not a thing


ni w ząb

(colloquial, idiomatic) Alternative form of ani w ząb


dalibóg

desctree

Polish: dalibóg
→ Kashubian: dôlëbóg (calque)

Silesian: dalibōg

→ Old Ruthenian: далибогъ (daliboh) (calque)
Ukrainian: далебі́ (dalebí)
Belarusian: далібог (dalibóh)

Univerbation of da + li + Bóg, literally “may God give”. First attested in 1427.

univ

My, dalibog, gothowysmy szye oczisczycz thrzemy slachcziczi y dwyema kaplanoma, czso s namy ten czali dzen bili..., yszesmy tego... nie uczinili

1861 [1427], Pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi, volume III, Biblioteka Warszawska, page 40:

We, forsooth, were ready to cleanse ourselves with the help of three noblemen and two capons that were with us all day […] , and we didn't do this.


dalibóg

→ Kashubian: dôlëbóg (calque)

Inherited from Old Polish dalibóg. By surface analysis, univerbation of da + li + Bóg, literally “may God give”.


តស់

តស់ញ៉ាំបាយ

(colloquial) well, let's go, come on, let's


po mojemu

(colloquial, idiomatic) for my money, if you ask me, in my opinion, in my view, methinks (the way I see it; the way I see things; to my way of thinking)


według mnie

(idiomatic) for my money, if you ask me, in my opinion, in my view, methinks (the way I see it; the way I see things; to my way of thinking)


jasna sprawa

(colloquial, idiomatic) clearly, obviously, sure thing (used to assure that one does not doubt the truthfulness of what is being said)


na moje oko

Literally, “on my eye”, or more loosely translated as “according to my eye”.

lit

(colloquial, idiomatic) on the face of it, to all appearances


jwnꜣ

E9:W-n:A-A2 enclitic (canonical)
ɂsingularOrFEqualsFemRoot (singular)

Demotic: jn, ꜣn, ꜥn

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲛ (en)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲛ (en)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)

(Late Egyptian) accompanies bn to negate an adverbial or nominal sentence, following after the negated element


jakżeż to

/ˈjaɡ.ʐɛʂ tɔ/

(colloquial) Alternative form of jakże to


няхай

head

няха́й • (njaxáj)

няха́й (canonical)
njaxáj (romanization)

Inherited from Old Ruthenian нехай (nexaj, “let”), the second person singular imperative of Old Ruthenian нехати (nexati, “to leave be, to let go, to abandon”). Compare Czech nechť, Polish niechaj, Serbo-Croatian neka, Ukrainian неха́й (nexáj).

cog

Няха́й ву́чыцца, калі́ хоча.

Няха́й бу́дзе так.

Няха́й бу́дзе, што бу́дзе


ʈʰ-

uʈʰa ʈʰ-ero
Uʈʰa is angry.

Alternative form of ʈʰi (“to be”); added to vowel-initial predicate adjectives.


ma się rozumieć

(colloquial, idiomatic) it stands to reason (used to indicate that the truthfulness of what is being said by the speaker should not be doubted by anyone)


najpewniej

absolutely, certainly, definitely, for sure, sure


mɛd

Komi:

Komi-Permyak: мед (med)

Komi-Yazva: мед (med)

Komi-Zyrian: мед (med)

Old Komi: 𐍜𐍔𐍓 (med)

Udmurt: мед (med)

Used to form the optative mood of a verb: let, may


няўжо

head

няўжо́ • (njaŭžó)

няўжо́ (canonical)
njaŭžó (romanization)

Univerbation of ня (nja) + ужо (užó). Cognate with Russian неуже́ли (neužéli) and Ukrainian невже́ (nevžé).

няўжо́ гэ́та пра́ўда?


z tej strony

(colloquial, idiomatic, telephony) used by the speaker to introduce themselves on the telephone; speaking


မွာဲ

From Proto-Karen [Term?]. Cognates include S'gaw Karen မ့ၢ် (may̱).


န့ၢ်

န့ၢ် • (nay̱)

From Proto-Karen [Term?]. Compare Eastern Pwo ဏါင်း (náiɴ).

စီၤစ့ဒိၣ်တၢ်ဂ့ၤန့ၢ်ဒံးအပါလီၤ.

Saw Say is more handsome than his father..

saw̄ say doh̀ ta̱ ghaȳnay̱deë ʼa pah law̄ .

comparative degree
comparative degree#English

(postverbal marker) used to indicate comparative degree; often used together with ဒံး (deë)


ni mniej, ni więcej

(idiomatic) no more no less (used to introduce certain information to which the speaker wishes to draw particular attention)


co się tyczy

/t͡sɔ ɕɛ ˈtɘ.t͡ʂɘ/

(idiomatic) apropos, speaking of (regarding or concerning) [with genitive ‘apropos what’]


ot i

(colloquial, idiomatic) just, only (used when the speaker considers the given topic as average, common, or trivial)


byle do

Byle do wtorku, a potem już można odpoczywać.

Just wait till Tuesday, and then you can finally rest.

used to express the hope that what we consider good will begin when the thing in question begins


ot co

(colloquial, idiomatic) that's what (the speaker informs that what they have said adequately reflects what they think about the subject, even though it was said in a blunt way, and that nothing more needs to be said about it


tak jakby

introduces doubt from the speaker; kinda, like, as though


ale ale

(colloquial, idiomatic) but, but, but (the speaker does not want to talk about what was mentioned, because they want to say something important that they have not thought of so far)


yepé

Kunhamukú upaka, usasemu-putari yepé, ti mayé

The girl woke up and, although she wanted to scream, she couldn't

(of a verb) indicates the action was uselessly done or that a downside exists; uselessly; to no success; in vain; although

Aé puranga yepé

(of a predicate nominal) indicates a implicit adversative clause

indicates a "frustrative" aspect:
indicates a implicit adversative clause

indicates something was achieved with difficulty; notwithstanding; nevertheless; in the end


lôgo

Vôs lôgo olâ

Quim lôgo dâ?

Nos tudo vai passeâ; vos vêm nam vêm? Ai! Iou lôgo vai.

We're all going out; are you coming? I'm coming.


że ho ho

(colloquial, idiomatic, postpositive) the feature of the phenomenon or object described by the speaker is, according to them, very intense


że się tak wyrażę

Literally, “that I will say it like that”.

lit

(idiomatic, literary) if you will; so to speak, as it were


co to, to nie

/t͡sɔ tɔˌ tɔ ɲɛ/

(idiomatic) no, not (used to show strong disagreement with what was said earlier)


i tak, i nie

(idiomatic) yes and no (indicating there is no simple “yes” or “no” answer)


może by

(idiomatic) why not (used to introduce a proposal)


nie i nie

Prosiliśmy ją, ale ta tylko nie i nie.

We were asking her, but she was only saying “no and no”.

(idiomatic) used to cite someone else's firm and repeated refusal to do something


jak by nie było

any way one slices it
any way one slices it

(colloquial, idiomatic) any way one slices it; no matter what (regardless of any or most possible adverse circumstances)


nie to nie

Nie to nie, przecież się nie będę prosił.

No means no, I'm not going to ask you over and over again.

(idiomatic) no means no, it is what it is (the speaker, despite wanting things to be different, accepts that they are not as they would like them to be)


dlaczego by nie

/dlaˈt͡ʂɛ.ɡɔ bɘ ɲɛ/

(idiomatic) Alternative form of dlaczego nie


czemu nie

/ˈt͡ʂɛ.mu ɲɛ/

(colloquial, idiomatic) why not (used to introduce a proposal)


czemu by nie

/ˈt͡ʂɛ.mu bɘ ɲɛ/

(colloquial, idiomatic) Alternative form of czemu nie


ܗܘܬ

aii-particle

ܗ݇ܘܵܬ݇ • (wā)

From a variant of Aramaic הֲוָת (hăwāṯ, literally “she was”); see also ܗܵܘܹܐ (hāwē, “to be, exist, happen”).

der

ܒܸܟܬ݂ܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܘܵܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܬ݇

bikṯāḇā ìwān wā

a verbal prefix placed after the definite or indefinite present

(auxiliary, used with the continuous present tense) Used to express imperfect continuous past tense

ܟܹܐ ܟܵܬ݂ܒ݂ܵܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܬ݇

kē kāṯḇān wā

(auxiliary, used with ܟܹܐ (kē)) Used to express imperfect simple past tense

ܟܬܝܼܒ݂ ܗ݇ܘܵܬ݇ ܠܝܼ

(auxiliary, used with the simple past tense) Used to express anterior past tense

ܒܸܬ ܟܵܬ݂ܒ݂ܵܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܬ݇

ܒܸܬ ܗܵܘܝܵܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܬ݇ ܟܬ݂ܝܼܒ݂ܬܵܐ

(auxiliary, used with ܒܸܬ (bit)) Used to express conditional mood


jak by nie patrzeć

Literally, “whatever [way] you look [at it]”.


dlaczego nie

/dlaˈt͡ʂɛ.ɡɔ ɲɛ/


nie wiedzieć czemu

/ɲɛ ˈvjɛ.d͡ʑɛt͡ɕ ˈt͡ʂɛ.mu/

(idiomatic) for some reason (used to express uncertainty for the cause or justification of some event or happening)


jakim prawem

Literally, “by what right”. Compare French de quel droit.

(idiomatic) in a situation where something unfavorable is happening, the speaker expresses their indignation, asking on what basis it is happening, as they believe it is groundless


-ܝܕܝ

head

-ܰܝܕ݂ܝ • (-ayḏi)

Probably from a merging of the final vowel of nouns with ܕܝܕ݂ܝ (diḏi, “mine, my”).

ܒܱܪܬ݂ܱܝܕ݂ܝ

attached to nouns to indicate possession by the 1st person; my


-더라도

아무리 목석 같은 사내더라도 눈물 한 방울쯤이야 흘리겠지.

No matter how hard a man is, he will probably shed at least one tear.

Amuri mokseok gateun sanae-deorado nunmul han bang'ul-jjeum-iya heulli-get-ji.


𲋄

𱎤偻漯色時𦙟𬚌
Boong rầu luâ̱y slắc slì te̱ ké

Nôm form of boong (“pluralizing particle for pronouns”).


tym bardziej że

(idiomatic) Alternative form of tym bardziej


и то правда

и то пра́вда

и то пра́вда • (i to právda)

и то пра́вда (canonical)
i to právda (romanization)

И то пра́вда, безопа́сность должна́ стоя́ть на пе́рвом ме́сте.

I to právda, bezopásnostʹ dolžná stojátʹ na pérvom méste.

(colloquial, in response to someone) (and) that's true


и то

(colloquial) Used as an emphatic particle.

— Иду́т сюда́. — И то иду́т.
— Idút sjudá. — I to idút.
— They're coming here. — They really are.

И то, э́то бы́ли мы.


-ssaa

until, up to; forms the terminative case


ဒံး

From Proto-Karen [Term?]. Cognate with Eastern Pwo ဍာ် (dài), Pa'o Karen ဒေ့ꩻ (déʔ).

Used to indicate continuation of a situation: still


takoż

Inherited from Old Polish takoż. By surface analysis, tako + -ż.


甲若

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

(Xiamen Hokkien, used in rhetorical questions to indicate the actual extent is far greater) be much more than


też mi

Też mi wskazówka! (said ironically)

expresses that the speaker does not think something is a true representative of that group


ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ

Affixed ꦲꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ (imbang) + ꦠ- (ta-), inherited from Old Javanese timbaṅ (“match, the equal of”).


disin

Borrowed from Spanish dicen, third-person plural present indicative of decir.

Nalunod disin sa ilog.

indicates something said by another person or group: so they say; according to people; according to an aforementioned person


أثاري

head

أثاري • (ʔatāri or ʔaṯāri)

ʔatāri (romanization)
ʔaṯāri (romanization)

See the etymology at North Levantine Arabic تاري (tāri).

قعدت أدور فين موقف أحمد، أثاريه موقف ورا البيت

I went looking where Ahmad Parked, apparently he was parking behind the house

ɡaʕadt ʔadawwir fēn muwaggif ʔaḥmad, ʔatārī muwaggif wara al-bēt

أثاريك فاهم

So...it looks like you already understand


zōwizō

Borrowed from German sowieso. Compare Kashubian zówizó


nie to że

(colloquial) not that (used to indicate that the following clause is not true and that this negatively impacts the importance of the preceding clause)


නු

කන්නු ඛ්වජ්ජ සමණං වා බ්රාහ්මණං වා පයිරුපාසෙය්යාම යන්නො පයිරුපාසතො චිත්තං පසීදෙය්යා!"ති

2006, The First Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Dīgha-Nikāya (I), page 82:

Indeed now which ascetic or Brahmin should we visit today who, for us visiting him, will soothe the heart?

kannu khvajja samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā payirupāseyyāma yanno payirupāsato cittaṃ pasīdeyyā!"ti


nyns

ny

used before all verb forms but only before forms of bos that start with a consonant


niemalem

⇒ Polish: niemal

Moie wem nogi poruszili se sø, nemalem wilili sø se poszcza moia (paene effusi sunt gressus mei)

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 72, 2:

(attested in Lesser Poland) almost, nearly


மன்

affix indicative of future tense
ellipsis

affix indicative of future tense
greatness, abundance

affix indicative of future tense
change or transformation

affix indicative of future tense
prosperity

affix indicative of future tense
what is past and gone

affix indicative of future tense
permanence


że też

Near-synonym: i pomyśleć, że

Że też nie pomyślałam o tym wcześniej!

Że też pociąg może tak stanąć...

I'd have never believed a train could stop just like this...

Że też trafiło akurat na ten dzień...

And it just had to be that day, of all days...

(idiomatic) to think that (used to show that the speaker is surprised that what was mentioned turned out to be possible)


przynamniej

Polish: przynajmniej

Silesian: przinojmnij

Univerbation of przy + namniej. First attested in the end of the 15th century.

etydate

Tedy gych mynistrovye... povynny szą nyemocznego navyedzyczi przynamnyey yeden raz [w tydzień] (semel in hebdomada)

1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI, Krakow, page 719:

(attested in Lesser Poland) at least (at the least; at a minimum or lower limit)

Saltem przymannyey

1901 [End of the 15th century], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, page 312:


przënômni

Univerbation of przë + nômni. Compare Polish przynajmniej and Slovincian przënomjé.

(focus) at least (at the least; at a minimum or lower limit)


przinojmnij

Inherited from Old Polish przynamniej. By surface analysis, univerbation of przi + nojmnij.


ᠯᠤᠭ ᠠ

Classical Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠭᠠ (lug-a)

Khamnigan Mongol: лугаа (lugaa)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠯᠤᠭᠠ (lug-a)

Cyrillic script: лугаа (lugaa)


’ව

8. පමාදං අප්පමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතො 28
පඤ්ඤාපාසාදමාරුය්හ අසොකො සොකිනිං පජං
පබ්බතට්ඨො’ව භුම්මට්ඨෙ ධීරො බාලෙ අවෙක්ඛති.

c. 50 BC, The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:

8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence, 28
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below.

8. Pamādaṃ appamādena yadā nudati paṇḍito 28
Paññāpāsādamāruyha asoko sokiniṃ pajaṃ
Pabbataṭṭho'va bhummaṭṭhe dhīro bāle avekkhati.


चन

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


бү

Inherited from Middle Mongol ᠪᠤᠤ (pww /buu/) / ꡎꡟ (bu /buu/). Cognate with Kalmyk бү (bü), Khamnigan Mongol бү (bü), бүү (büü), Mongolian бүү (büü).

inh+

Forms the negative polarity of verbs in optative moods.


бү

Inherited from Written Oirat [Term?], from Middle Mongol ᠪᠤᠤ (pww /buu/) / ꡎꡟ (bu /buu/). Cognate with Buryat бү (bü), Khamnigan Mongol бү (bü), бүү (büü), Mongolian бүү (büü).

(obsolete) Forms the negative polarity of verbs in optative moods.


бү

From Middle Mongol ᠪᠤᠤ (buu). Cognates include Mongolian бүү (büü) and Buryat бү (bü).

Forms the negative polarity of verbs in optative moods: not


තු

8. ප්රමාදමප්රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතඃ
ප්රඥාප්රසාදමාරුහ්ය ත්වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්රජාම්
පර්වතස්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්ෂතෙ

(Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:

8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below.

8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
Prajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām
Parvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate


ꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦠ

head

ꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦠ (dènta)

Inherited from Old Javanese denta (“passive prefix”), de + -nta (“you”).


z górą

Near-synonyms: ponad, przeszło

Jak przetrwały wbrew chrześcijaństwu, skoro herby w Europie są z górą dwakroć młodsze niż ono?

How did they survive against Christianity when coats of arms in Europe are upwards of two times younger than it?

(idiomatic) upwards of (used to indicate that the difference between the actual number and the one given is large)


nünane

allomorph of dünane (“then, so”) used after words that end in nö or dü


düüjöökö

expresses a hypothesis: it seems, perhaps, I think, I suppose


chünane

allomorph of dünane (“then, so”) used after words that end in i


ജി

ഗാന്ധി ജി
gāndhi ji
Gandhi

the honorific particle, usually appended to names (of any gender) and titles


corôz

Borrowed from Polish coraz. By surface analysis, univerbation of co + rôz.

surf

used with comparatives to show a growing rate of change; more and more, increasingly, ever


corŏz

Borrowed from Polish coraz. By surface analysis, univerbation of co + rŏz.


jedinie

From jediny + -ie. Compare Polish jedynie.


нібито

head

ні́́бито • (ní́byto)

ні́́бито (canonical)
ní́byto (romanization)

Univerbation of ні́́би (ní́by) + то (to).

univerbation

as if, allegedly, seemingly, it seems (like)


එව

සෙය්යථාපි නාම ජරසාලාය ගොපානසියො ඔලුග්ගවිලුග්ගා භවන්ති, එවමෙවස්සු මෙ ඵාසුළියො ඔලුග්ගවිලුග්ගා භවන්ති තායෙවප්පාහාරතාය.

2006, The Fourth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Majjhimanikāya (I), page 192:

Truly, just as in a decrepit outhouse the rafters are crumbling, my ribs were just that way, they were crumbling from just this fasting.

Seyyathāpi nāma jarasālāya gopānasiyo oluggaviluggā bhavanti, evamevassu me phāsuḷiyo oluggaviluggā bhavanti tāyevappāhāratāya.


czasym

Instrumental singular of czas. Compare Polish czasem.


czasã

Instrumental singular of czas. Compare Slovincian czasã and Polish czasem.


casém

(Masuria, Warmia) Alternative form of czasem


tʃø³⁵

Possibly cognate with Burmese စေ့ (ce., “to come to specified time”). Compare Lhao Vo joe”, Zaiwa zhe, Lashi ju” and Luxi Achang tɕuɛ⁵¹.

cog

jɔ̃³¹ a³¹kʰu⁵⁵ tʃø³¹ mau³¹sau³¹ ɣu³⁵ a³¹.


`kare

(Guyana, Suriname) indicates that the speaker is incredulous at something the person addressed says or thinks; what, you really think …?!; just imagine!


waty

Compare Trió wah, Yao (South America) ouati.

used to form questions or polite requests: won’t you…?


prawdę powiedziawszy

(idiomatic) Alternative form of prawdę mówiąc


Bogiem a prawdą

Literally, “by God and the truth”. The remnant of the phrase klnę się Bogiem, kierując się prawdą (I swear to God, guided by the truth).

(colloquial, idiomatic) frankly speaking, to tell the truth, in truth, in all honesty, to be honest


po prawdzie

(colloquial, idiomatic) used to say that what the speaker is talking about is true and that it is more important than what was said before; in truth; actually


między Bogiem a prawdą

(colloquial, idiomatic, nonstandard, proscribed) Alternative form of Bogiem a prawdą


bẹẹ ni

From bẹ́ẹ̀ (“like that”) + ni (“it is”), literally “it is like that”

compound

Bẹ́ẹ̀ ni, mo fẹ́ akàn méjì yẹn


ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ

head

ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ • (tahẽc’)

sat-part

ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ • (tahẽc’)

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱾

ᱤᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱥᱤᱥᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱾

I once wanted to become an astrophysicist.

iñ mit’ ôktô re esṭrôphijisisṭ teyar sanăñ kan tahẽc’ .


tylko i wyłącznie

(emphatic) only, just (not something else)


遮若

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

/t͡sia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nã²²/

(Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien, used in rhetorical questions to indicate the actual extent is far greater) be much more than


juści

(obsolete, now regional) Alternative form of jużci


jużci

Polish: jużci

From już + -ci. First attested in the 15th century.

Poskoczmy, yvz mamy Iesusa v rąku, *yvzsczy yąth

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 663:

particle emphasizing imminent completion, reaching the end of an activity; already

Ach, myly lvdze, zazyce my ale svecze, yvscy ydze dvsza *krevim potem

1949, “Skarga umierającego. Woronczak Jerzy, Skarga umierającego. Ze studiów nad rękopisem nr 2 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu”, in Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Sobótk, page 65:

particle emphasizing the imminent occurrence or existence of an action; here now

Yvszczy gych szchecz szyeczono, gyescze na them malo

1462-1463, Wiersz o zabiciu Andrzeja Tęczyńskiego, line 19:

particle emphasizing achievement of a certain quantitative level; already


ܩܝ

Related to Classical Syriac ܟܲܝ (kay, “interrogative enclitic, rhetorical and/or expressing uncertainty”) with the same meaning as the first meaning of the usage of this term as a particle. Also found in Turoyo ܩܰܝ (qai).

cog

ܩܲܝ ܚܡܵܪܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ ܕܠܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ ܒܸܦܪܵܡܝܼ؟

Why-, are you a donkey that you aren’t understanding me?

ܠܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ ܒܵܒܹܗ ܩܲܝ؟ ܣܓ݂ܝܼ ܪܲܒܝܼ ܠܹܗ ܐܲܢ݇ܬ

Why, aren’t you his father? You go educate him.

ܠܵܐ ܩܸܡ ܐܵܡܪܸܢ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ ܩܲܝ ܬܸܡܵܠܝ؟

ܠܲܝܬ ܒܘܿܟ݂ ܩܲܝ ܐܵܬ݂ܹܝܬ؟

ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܡܵܠܲܝܢ݇ ܩܲܝ ܙܘܼ̈ܙܹܐ ܕܙܵܒ݂ܢܲܚ ܠܹܗ؟

interrogative enclitic, rhetorical and/or expressing uncertainty, doubt, or interrogation

ܩܲܝ ܦܲܘܠܘܿܣ، ܟܠܝܘܿܡ ܓܹܢ݇ܒܹܗ ܒܸܥܕ݂ܵܪܹܗ

Also even Paul, who is with him helping him daily.

particle used for expressing and stating addition information


-இன்

head

-இன் • (-iṉ)


కదా

కదా • (kadā)


個閒話

/ɦəʔ ɦe²² ɦo⁴⁴/

/əʔ ɦe²² ɦo⁴⁴/

/ɦəʔ ɦe²² ɦo⁴⁴/

/əʔ ɦe²² ɦo⁴⁴/

If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park.

⁶min-zau ⁸loq ⁶yu ⁰gheq ⁶ghe-gho ⁶ngu 勿-chi ¹kon-yoe

明朝落雨個閒話我勿去公園。

明朝落雨个闲话我勿去公园。

optional particle put at the end of a conditional clause

2020, ニューエクスピレスプラス 上海語, p. 120

⁶li-ba ⁸gniq ⁰gheq ⁶ghe-gho ⁶ngu ⁶zaon-boe-gniq ⁶yeu ⁵kon

禮拜日個閒話，我上半日有空

2020, ニューエクスピレスプラス 上海語, p. 120

礼拜日个闲话，我上半日有空


ᱟᱢᱟᱸ

ᱟᱢᱟᱸ • (amã)


కదూ

కదూ • (kadū)


అన్నమాట

అన్నమాట • (annamāṭa)

tag particle indicating that the speaker is confident of what he or she is saying, roughly equivalent to: "I am telling you", "it is a fact that", "so", "then"


iľə

Erzya: иля (iľa)

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *elä~*älä-. According to Keresztes, via earlier *ēlä → *īľə.


mniejsza o

(idiomatic) anyway, never mind, enough of that (used to change the conversation because the speakers feels that enough has been said about the current one) [with accusative]


mniejsza z

(idiomatic) anyway, never mind, enough of that (used to change the conversation because the speakers feels that enough has been said about the current one) [with instrumental]


इद्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *íd, from Proto-Indo-European *íd. See इदम् (idam).

one + इद् (id) → एकेद् (eked, “one only”)

यथा वशन्ति देवास् तथा इद् असत्
yathā vaśanti devās tathā id asat
as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be with sandhi: यथा वशन्ति देवास्तथेदसत् (yathā vaśanti devāstathedasat)

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda VIII.28.4

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda i.147.3


əşi

Contraction of a kişi!. Compare az from ay qız! and ədə from a gədə!

Əşi, gəl çıx da!

In questions and imperatives: imparts a note of insistence and urgency: ever, on earth, for goodness' sake

Əşi, boş ver.

Forget about it, ignore, let it go, it's not worth it.

Bəlkə gedək onu razı salaq? - Əşi, özü bilər.

Should we maybe go and try to convince him to change his mind? - Nah, let him decide for himself.

İngilis dilini öyrənmək istəmirsən? - Əşi, onsuzda Google var da, nəyi lazımdır çevirir.
-Don't you want to learn English? - Why bother? Google's got my back for any translations I need.

can't be bothered
can't be bothered#English

modal particle indicating dismissal because the proposition is excessive or should not be taken too seriously, or that the speaker can't be bothered


нібы

ні́би or ні́бы • (níbi or níby)

ні́би (canonical)
ні́бы (canonical)
níbi (romanization)
níby (romanization)

Compound of ні (ni) + бы (by). Cognate with Ukrainian ні́би (níby), Polish niby. Compare Old Ruthenian небы (neby, “like, as if”), Russian как бы (kak by), Czech and Polish jakoby.


-ஏன்

head

-ஏன் • (-ēṉ)

first person singular ending of a verb and noun


-ஓம்

-ஓம் • (-ōm)


-ஆய்

-ஆய் • (-āy)


-ஆன்

-ஆன் • (-āṉ)


-ஆள்

-ஆள் • (-āḷ)


கிறு

-கிறு- (canonical)
-kiṟu- (romanization)


அற்று

அற்று • (aṟṟu)

particle denoting comparison; like, of the same kind


ᱢᱮ

ᱦᱟᱹᱡᱩᱜ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾


എന്തെന്നാൽ

എന്തെന്നാൽ • (entennāl)

Compound of എന്ത് (entŭ) + എന്നാൽ (ennāl).


𐌸𐌴

An old instrumental of 𐍃𐌰 (sa); cognate with Old English þȳ.

𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌴
𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌴#Gothic

𐌽𐌹 𐌸𐌴 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌹𐍃
𐌽𐌹 𐌸𐌴 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌹𐍃#Gothic

Only used in 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌴 (jah þē) and 𐌽𐌹 𐌸𐌴 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌹𐍃 (ni þē haldis)


или как

head

или ка́к • (ili kák)

или ка́к (canonical)
ili kák (romanization)

Literally, “or how”. Compare Polish czy jak.

— Ну что он из себя представляет? Ценный работник, знающий товарищ или как? — настойчиво спросил директор.

1978, Ю. О. Домбровский, Факультет ненужных вещей, часть 1:

“So what sort of man is he? A valuable worker, a knowledgeable comrade, or what?”, the director asked insistently.

— Nu što on iz sebja predstavljajet? Cennyj rabotnik, znajuščij tovarišč ili kak? — nastojčivo sprosil direktor.

«[…] Ну что, раздеваться, что ли? Или как?» И вопросительно посмотрела голубыми глазами, дожевывая. «Или как, — сказал я. — В другой раз, ладно?»

2001, А. Г. Волос, “Недвижимость”, in Новый Мир:

“[…] So should I get undressed then? Or what?” And she looked at me with questioning blue eyes while finishing chewing. “Or what,” I replied. “Next time, all right?”

«[…] Nu što, razdevatʹsja, što li? Ili kak?» I voprositelʹno posmotrela golubymi glazami, doževyvaja. «Ili kak, — skazal ja. — V drugoj raz, ladno?»


w każdym bądź razie

(idiomatic, proscribed) Alternative form of w każdym razie


亇如

Middle Korean: 마〯다〮 (-mǎtá)

Korean: 마다 (-mada)

一一國土^(良中亇如) 佛^亦 及^只 大衆^(亦乎利是爲白乎隱矣)

c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra:

As there are those who are called Buddhas and the Sangha in each and every realm

*IL.IL.KWUK.THWO-akuy-mata PWUTHYE-ye MICUk TAY.CYUNG-ye hwo-li ho-solp-wo-n toy


аякже

ая́кже • (ajákže)

ая́кже (canonical)
ajákže (romanization)

Univerbation of а (a) + я́к (ják) + же (že)


атож

head

ато́ж • (atóž)

Univerbation of а (a) + то́ (tó) + ж (ž)


ܙܐ

Borrowed from Northern Kurdish jî; compare the same usage in Classical Syriac ܕܝܢ (den).

ܡܩܲܘܡܵܐ ܕܐܲܢ݇ܬ ܙܹܐ

ܡܘܼܫ݇ܟ̰ܸܚ ܠܝܼ ܐܘܼܦ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܙܹܐ

mūčiḥ lī ūp hānā zē

ܗ̇ܝܓܵܗ ܐܵܢܵܐ ܙܹܐ ܩܝܼܡ ܠܝܼ ܘܡܛܘܼܥܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܒܵܬ݂ܪܹܗ

(dialectal, slang) expletive particle loosely translating as too, also; then, so; again


уезъ

Inherited from English yes.
Perhaps Ingvild Broch (1996) made a mistake in reading and the original source was Йезъ! (Jjez!), not Уезъ! (Ujez!), as happened with ту (tu, “two”) which Broch mistook for мы (my, “we”). Alternatively, there may have been an orthographic mix-up with the first two letters of English yes.

О! Уезъ! Больше добра мачка.

1867, Prušakevič, Ivan, “Соломбала, зимою и лѣтомъ [Solombala, in winter and summer]”, in Архангельскiя губернскiя вѣдомости [Arkhangelsk Governorate News], number 85, Arkhangelsk, page 4:


പിമ്പ്

head

പിമ്പ് • (pimpŭ)


la²¹

meŋ²¹sa³³ nɯ³³ tsaŋ²¹ sv̩³³ la²¹?

Sentence-final particle marking a polar question.


z czymś

(colloquial, idiomatic) or so, and change


ཞིག

ཉི་ཧོང་ནི་ཨེ་ཤེ་ཡ་ཡི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཞིག་རེད།

nyi hong ni e she ya yi rgyal khab zhig red


эвөл

эвөл • (evål)

ӧвӧл ӧвӧл#Udmurt

(Beserman) Alternative form of ӧвӧл (övöl)


ӧвӧл

ӧвӧл • (övöl)

The initial element ӧ- (аб- in Komi-Zyrian) is related to Finnish epä-, Estonian eba- and Moksha аф (af). The latter element -вӧл ultimately derives from Proto-Permic *vɔ̇lni (“to be”), from Proto-Uralic *wole- (“to be, exist”).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian абу (abu), Komi-Permyak абу (abu) and Komi-Yazva обө (obå).

пуксён-а? ӧвӧл, вордӥськон


nënk

Mori ebùkura Morèe, / Cië kùur të glièe nëngk të pèe

1882, Stanislao Marchianò, Studii filologici svolti con la lingua pelasgo-albanese, Napoli, page 84:

O beautiful Morea, ever since I left you I have not seen you


ngë

Νe γϳῖ dόρeν οὔ ’νdέενϳe, / Ἔ ζéμeρeν ’γκè γϳέενϳe, / Σὲ τὶ μ’ ἐ μόρε.

1866, Demetrio Camarda, Appendice al saggio di Grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese, page 170:

In the breast I stretch my hand, and I don't find the heart, because you took it from me.


lawm

Borrowed from Chinese 了 (le, “perfective marker”).

mus teb lawm

Peb mus lawm.

We are going (i.e. the start of our departure has been accomplished).

perfective marker, sign of completed action or past tense


ბრატ

ბრატ • (braṭ)

ბრატი ბრატი#Georgian


-ଟି

Used to indicate the speaker's intention


ଟା

Cognate to Assamese -টা (-ta) and Bengali -টা (-ṭa).

Attached to a word to denote number; so many


ଦ୍ୱାରା

instrumental case
instrumental case#English


ܩܡ

Disputed:
* Most likely derived from the preposition ܩܵܕ݇ܡ (qām, “before”).
* Possibly also derived from Aramaic קָם (qām, literally “he/it rose”); related to the verb ܩܵܐܹܡ (qāˀēm) and one of the only traces left of the perfect tense in the language.
* Possibly derived from Aramaic [script needed] (qḏam, literally “he did beforehand; he acted before”); related to Classical Syriac ܩܵܕ݂ܹܡ and one of the only traces left of the perfect tense in the language. This root lost the /d/ element in many words.
* Also proposed to be from ܩܵܐܸܡ (qāˀim)

der

ܩܸܡ ܒܵܪܹܐ ܠܹܗ

ܩܸܡ ܡܣܲܦܹܝܢ ܠܹܗ ܐܸܠܵܗ̇.

(auxiliary) Used to change objects to the accusative case in the preterite past tense

ܟܸܡ ܒܵܪܹܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܹܗ

(auxiliary, used with ܗ݇ܘܵܐ (wā)) Used to change objects to the accusative case in the imperfect tense


但定

/nã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/nã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/nã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/nã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/nã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/nã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

If I were them, I wouldn't know anything but just appreciation and happiness.

Nā-sī góa, góa m̄ chai, chí-ū chai “kám-kek” kap “hoaⁿ-hí” nā-tiāⁿ.

若是我，我m̄知，只有知「感激」kap「歡喜」nā-tiāⁿ。

若是我，我m̄知，只有知「感激」kap「欢喜」nā-tiāⁿ。

(Hokkien, at the end of a phrase) just; simply; that's all; nothing more; is all


-kse

Näijen kamppanioin hyväst veemisest rippuu se, jot saammak möö täl vootta ohto leipää, ruuhtija ja toisia maatalohusproduktoja, saammakse ohto saahkaraa ja materiaa.

1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. J. Molotsova, Loonnontiito oppikirja alkușkoulua vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:

On the good carrying out of these campaigns depends whether this year we get enough bread, vegetables and other agricultural products, whether we get enough sugar and fabric.

Added to the indicative or the potential of a verb, used to form the deliberative aspect.


dlotêwo

Univerbation of dlo + têwo. Compare Kashubian dlôtegò and Polish dlatego.


nibë

Univerbation of ni + bë. Compare Polish niby

seemingly, apparently, ostensibly, supposedly


przënomjé

Univerbation of przë + nómjé. Compare Kashubian przënômni and Polish przynajmniej.

(focus) at least (at the least; at a minimum or lower limit)


лийже

head

лийже • (ĺijže)

From лияш (ĺijaš) + -же (-že, “3rd person singular imperative suffix”).

suffix

теве мый вашке тунем лектам лийже


ବେ

a sentence-final particle denoting intimacy or impoliteness


zôs

Clipping and univerbation of za + sã. Compare Polish zaś.


урэшце

head

урэ́шце • (uréšcje)

урэ́шце (canonical)
uréšcje (romanization)

Univerbation of у (u) + рэшце (rešcje), literally “in the rest”. Compare Polish wreszcie, Ukrainian врешті (vrešti).

univerbation

used to list the final thing in a list; and finally


日媽

/zz̩²¹³ ma⁵⁵/

/zz̩²¹³ ma⁵⁵/

(Sichuanese, vulgar) particle inserted into the sentence to express one's anger, displeasure, suprise etc, similar to one usage of fucking


viimä-

⇒ Finnish: viime

⇒ Ingrian: viime

Karelian:

North Karelian: ⇒ viime

South Karelian: ⇒ viime, viimi, viimo, viimoi

⇒ Livvi: viimo, viimoi

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *wiŋe (“end, the end of something”) + *-mä.


-곰

調達이와 難陀왜 몬져 쏘니 各各 세콤 ᄢᅦ여디거늘

Devadatta and Nandha shot first, and they each pierced three [drums].

(after a noun phrase) each by a certain amount or quantity

네 이리곰 갑슬 닐어 므슴 ᄒᆞᆯ다

a. 1517, 번역노걸대 [beonyeongnogeoldae], volume 하 [ha]:

What do you trying to do, asking for such [a high] price?

(after an adverbial phrase) An emphatic particle.


bặng

quai bặng nộc ho


bặng cạ

[ɓaŋ˧˨ʔ kaː˧˨ʔ]

[ɓaŋ˩˧ gʱaː˩˧]

bặng cạ pi̱ noọng khen kha


ꦲꦼꦔ꧀ꦒꦺꦃ

head

ꦲꦼꦔ꧀ꦒꦺꦃ (enggèh)


эйк льиэ

эйк льиэ (ejk ļie)

expresses confirmation of expressed thoughts


эдьэгэ-дьэ-эк

conveys the feeling of love and tenderness of a woman towards her child


эдьээ-гээ

conveys admiration at the sight of something very beautiful


эйк угудэҥ

эйк угудэҥ (ejk ugudeŋ)


эльугуон льиэ

эльугуон льиэ (eļuguon ļie)


a jak

(colloquial, idiomatic) Expresses support, agreement, certainty, or emphasis; of course; you bet


တဂ့ၤ

From တ (ta, “not”) + ဂ့ၤ (ghaȳ, “good”).

တဘၣ်မၤနၢၤအီၣ်တၢ်တဂ့ၤ

Final particle used to end preventive or prohibitive sentences.


мидьэк

мидьэк (mid̦ek)


мидьитэгэ

мидьитэгэ (mid̦itege)

expresses surprise with a bit of bewilderment


мол льиэ

мол льиэ (mol ļie)


вунь

вунь • (vunʹ)

over there (used to clarify the place or location of someone, something)

highlights or emphasizes the meaning of a word in a sentence


ca̱

cải ca̱ kếch

tắc ca̱ bjốp ca̱ bjáp

Morpheme added before syllables for augmentation


လၢၤ

လၢၤ • (luh̄)

post-clausal marker used in negative contexts to indicate that a situation no longer is the case: anymore


nga'd

Intay nga'd daydayawen ni Jesus

2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Kristiano's Umaykay [O Come all Ye Faithful]”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio, page 338


w ogólności

Kobiety są w ogólności słabsze fizycznie od mężczyzn.

Generally speaking, women are physically weaker than men.

(dated, idiomatic) in general, generally, generally speaking, as a whole (in the general case; without further assumption; without qualification; in all respects)


хадьир

хадьир (qad̦ir)

used to express the long-awaited completion of something


吖嗱

/aː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/aː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

去我屋企坐下吖嗱！

nei⁵ gau³ daam² zau⁶ gwo³ lai⁴ aa¹ naa⁴!

你夠膽就過嚟吖嗱！

你够胆就过嚟吖嗱！

(Cantonese) Used to make suggestions or warnings


ханьинэгэ

ханьинэгэ (qaņinege)


ܐܪܐ

aii-particle

ܐܵܪܵܐ • (ārā)

ܐܵܪܵܐ ܐܲܢ݇ܬ ܝܼܘܸܬ ܐܵܬ݂ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ؟

ܐܵܪܵܐ ܗ̇ܘ ܝܠܹܗ ܐܵܟ݂ܵܐ?

ārā awa ìlēh āḵāˀ?

ܚܸܕ݂ܝܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ ܐܸܕܝܘܿܡ، ܐܵܪܵܐ ܐܹܝܢ؟

interrogative particle: starts a yes-or-no question expecting a negative answer


żeż

żeżem (combined-form object-first-person object-singular)
żeżeśmy (combined-form object-first-person object-plural)
żeżeś (combined-form object-second-person object-singular)
żeżeście (combined-form object-plural object-second-person)
żeż (combined-form object-singular object-third-person)
żeż (combined-form object-plural object-third-person)

Zamknijcie się żeż!

2009, Andrzej Stasiuk, Czekając na Turka, Czarne:

(emphatic, chiefly humorous or dialectal) Synonym of że


mniej lub bardziej

(idiomatic) more or less (to varying extents, across instances; to an extent that varies among cases)


prawie że

(colloquial, idiomatic) Synonym of prawie


ғой

-Мен ертең емтихан болатынын білмедім. -Мен саған айттым ғой! ― -Men erteñ emtixan bolatynyn bılmedım. -Men sağan aittym ğoi! ― -I didn't know the exam was tomorrow. -But I told you!

Emphasizes and gives the statement the meaning of completeness and affirmation.


jeene

intensifies or makes more insistent what is said


ḵachoo

or; actually; in fact; contrary to what was thought


nə́

Mú yə̂ŋ kuŋ nə́ mɛ̂nyə á.

A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.

Pǒ níŋ msəm nə́.

Pó kəŋtə mwə́ nə̂ nám.


wə́

Pyə́ wə́ ŋkwə́ mú' pa' sə́.

A particle used for marking the following verb as progressive.


mao nga

From mao (“is the one”) and nga (“that is”).

Ang maong (mao nga) tawo

Wala koy alamag sa maong aktibidad.

(formal, modifying a noun) the aforementioned, said

Sige ko og praktis, maong maayo ko.

I always practice, that's why I do well.


mao gihapon

ceb-head

maó gihapon (Badlit spelling ᜋᜂ ᜄᜒᜑᜉᜓᜈ᜔)

From mao (“is the one”) and gihapon (“still”).

Kamusta ka? ― Mao ra gihapon.

How are you? ― As usual/same as last time.

Mao gihapon ang sud-an.

It's still the same food (as the last meal).


罷啦

/paː³⁵ laː⁵⁵/

/paː³⁵ laː⁵⁵/

算罷啦！

算罢啦！

(Cantonese) Sentence final particle used to indirectly make suggestions.


pə́

E tə̂ gɔm pə́.


katú

Inherited from Old Tupi katu, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *katu, from Proto-Tupian *katˀu.


ezin

From ez (“no, not”) with an obscure second element, perhaps egin (“to do”).

Ezin izan du maratoia bukatu.

Egoera ezin hobea genuen.

The situation couldn't be better for us.

(idiomatic) [with comparative degree] Used to form the superlative of adjectives.


ܕܝ

ܕܝܼ (canonical)
ܕܸ- (canonical)
dī (romanization)
di- (romanization)

ܕܝܼ ܡܲܐܬ݂ܝܼ ܠܝܼ ܠܵܗ̇!

intensifier of annoyance or anger in urging or request, used before imperatives

ܕܝܼ ܐ݇ܡܘܿܪ ܠܝܼ!

particle indicating kind request or urging used before imperatives


peqe

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پك ایو (pek eyü), پكی (peki).


𠺢嘛

/kaː⁵⁵ maː³³/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː³³/

c. 1963, “釣魚郎”, 唐滌生 [Tang Ti-sheng] (lyrics), performed by 梁醒波 [Leung Sing Poh]:

The whitefish will play tricks on you, right? You've just got to keep to yourself and it'll be fine.

baak⁶ laap⁶ zai² wui⁵ waan⁴⁻² nei⁵ gaa¹ maa³, nei⁵ jiu³ on¹ fan⁶ sau² gei² dak¹ gaa².

白鱲仔會玩你𠺢嘛，你要安分守己得㗎。

白𫚭仔会玩你𠺢嘛，你要安分守己得㗎。

(Cantonese) Final particle used to mark that the listener should agree with or should be made aware of the statement


dôch

Borrowed from German doch. Compare Kashubian doch.

(emphasizes that previous statement truthfulness is obvious to the speaker.) yet; though


nie byle

Grał na nie byle jakich skrzypcach, bo – Amatiego.

He played not just any violin but Amati's.

Profesor Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego to nie byle kto.

A professor at the University of Warsaw is not just anyone.

(idiomatic) not just any (used to show that something is not like average objects of the same type) [with interrogative pronoun]


之嘛

/t͡siː⁵⁵ maː³³/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ maː³³/

Of course he can't drive, he's only fourteen.

keoi⁵ dong¹ jin⁴ m⁴ sik¹ zaa¹ ce¹; keoi⁵ hai⁶ sap⁶ sei³ seoi³ zi¹ maa³.

佢當然唔識揸車；佢係十四歲之嘛。

佢当然唔识揸车；佢系十四岁之嘛。

(Cantonese) Final particle used to indicate unimportance or triviality.


ʻa

marks the imperative when inserted before the verb.


चाइँ

ne-particle

चाइँ • (cāĩ)

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

चाहिँ चाहिँ#Nepali


الوا

Cognate with Tamil அல்லவா (allavā), அல்லவே (allavē) and Kannada ಅಲ್ಲವೆ (allave).


jakżeby inaczej

(idiomatic) Synonym of oczywiście (“of course”)


jakżeby

jakżebym (combined-form object-first-person object-singular)
jakżebyśmy (combined-form object-first-person object-plural)
jakżebyś (combined-form object-second-person object-singular)
jakżebyście (combined-form object-plural object-second-person)
jakżeby (combined-form object-singular object-third-person)
jakżeby (combined-form object-plural object-third-person)

From jakże + -by. First attested in the. Compare Old Polish jakżeby.

introduces a rhetorical question deemed impossible by the speaker; however


rzecz oczywista

(idiomatic) of course, obviously, without a doubt


ᱱᱟ

Used to address a young female and also by females unless the age is very disproportionate.


fíŋ

ō ghɔ̄ tshwə̄lɔ̄ jʉ̌ gə̄nɔ̌m bə̄ pú fíŋ nə́ ghə̂m wɔ́k.

If you go now and steal the pig then we can be caught.


pê'

if (unreality conditional, preposed to the verb)


áá

É gɔ ɲaptə kwɔ’ bə́jə á pó’ áá.

Bə́jə gəfə kwyə́ áá, gaə̂ gɔ cwa.

If the corn has grown, I will harvest it.


ᱥᱟᱶ

head

ᱥᱟᱶ • (saw̃)

sat-part

ᱥᱟᱶ • (saw̃)

sociative marker; together, with, along with, in company with


ᱠᱷᱚᱡ

head

ᱠᱷᱚᱡ • (khôc’)

sat-part

ᱠᱷᱚᱡ • (khôc’)

ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ#Santali

Alternative form of ᱠᱷᱚᱱ (khôn, “from, than”)


ᱴᱷᱮᱱ

head

ᱴᱷᱮᱱ • (ṭhen)

sat-part

ᱴᱷᱮᱱ • (ṭhen)


ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ

head

ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ • (reyak’)

sat-part

ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ • (reyak’)


ᱴᱷᱮᱡ

head

ᱴᱷᱮᱡ • (ṭhec’)

sat-part

ᱴᱷᱮᱡ • (ṭhec’)

ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ#Santali


ᱠᱷᱚᱱ

head

ᱠᱷᱚᱱ • (khôn)

sat-part

ᱠᱷᱚᱱ • (khôn)


A grammatical particle indicating that the proposition will take place in the distant future.


sất

Đối với tôi, chúng chẳng là gì sất!

(colloquial) emphatic particle placed at the end of a negative sentence


ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩ

head

ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩ • (bănu)

sat-part

ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩ • (bănu)


rozumie się

(idiomatic) it is clear (no doubt should be felt)


gûym

Gûym a'é nhẽ.

I left in a hurry. (literally, “I made a whoosh sound.”)

(used with the verb e) to leave quickly, flying, buzzing (literally, “to make a whoosh sound”)


wżgam

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Czvda szącz dzywi wydome, ktoresz aczkoli oblycznye biwayą wydane, a wszakosz wszgam nyeczo gynszego na przyszli czas sznamyonvyą..., in futuro tamen aliquid demonstrant

1901 [XV ex.], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, page 320:


แม่นบ่

/mɛ̄ːn.bɔ̄ː/

From แม่น (“correct”) + บ่ (“No”). Cognates with Lao ແມ່ນບໍ່ (mǣn bǭ)

cog

Lao ແມ່ນບໍ່ (mǣn bǭ)


гибы

губи губи#Udmurt

(dialectal) Alternative form of губи (gubi)


cheal

Clipping of de cheal, from de (“from”) + cheal (“lack”).

Cheal nach bhfuil a fhois agat é?

expresses surprise in questions or rhetorical questions


bàtə̀

Ě bə mû a batə yaə́pʉə̂.


ಅಲ್ಲ

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian [Term?]. Cognate with Tamil அல்- (al-, “to not be”).


ceć

From ce + -ć, where ce is a dialectal form of co.

cejco

(dialectal) used in combination with interrogative words to add the meaning

cejco


nekʷe

Parallel combinations of *ne and *-kʷe also appear in Latin neque and Proto-Germanic *nehw.


a zatém

(Kuyavia) Synonym of zresztą (“besides”)


الـ

Borrowed from Arabic ال (al-, “the”, definite article).

bor+

علیٰالتحقیق

ابوالهول ― abu-l-hawl／abo-l-howl ― sphinx

بالکل

unadapted borrowing
Appendix:Glossary#unadapted borrowing

Used in certain unadapted borrowings from Arabic.

بین (beyn, “between”) + الـ (-l-) + ملل (melal, “nations”) + ـی (-i) → بینالمللی (beyno-l-melali, “international”)

حق (haqq, “wage, payment”) + الـ (-s-) + سکوت (sokut, “silence”) → حقالسکوت (haqqo-s-sokut, “hush money”)

دستور (dastur, “rule, guideline”) + الـ (-l-) + عمل (amal, “action”) → دستورالعمل (dasturo-l-'amal, “written instructions”)

مجمع (majma', “assembly”) + الـ (-l-) + جزایر (jazâyer, “islands”) → مجمعالجزایر (majma'o-l-jazâyer, “archipelago”)

of; used as the equivalent of the ezâfe between Arabic borrowings to form compound words, which often do not exist in Arabic.


omale

Mléka latoś omale.

(Kuyavia) meager; little (not much) [with genitive ‘of what’]


လေ့

particle suffixed to a verb to denote a habit

particle used as a sentence final marker for euphonic effect


w prawdę

(Kuyavia, idiomatic) Synonym of doprawdy


лєм

Inherited from Old Slovak lem, len. Cognate with Slovak len.

цо ши лєм там робел?

кеди лєм сцеш


анї

Inherited from Old Slovak ani, from Proto-Slavic *ani, derived from *a + *ni, whence the нї- (nji-) component in words such as нїґда (njigda). Cognates include Czech, Polish, and Slovak ani.

(emphatic, in negative clauses) even, either


do reszty

(idiomatic) something has all ascribable traits to the speaker's surprise; completely, totally


kitdi

Borrowed from Ilocano kitdi, variant of ketdi.

Si Carlos kitdi ang may kasalanan.

used to entreat or persuade the listener

Si Carlos kitdi ang may kasalanan.

used to oppose the listener: on the contrary


kiéj

(Chełmno-Dobrzyń) Alternative form of kiej


mało wiele

(Chełmno-Dobrzyń, idiomatic) Synonym of coś niecoś


ketdi

Ni Carlos ketdi ti nangibasol.

Used to entreat or persuade the listener.

Ni Carlos ketdi ti nangibasol.

Used to oppose the listener; on the contrary


စီ

och-l

齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls, “even, uniform, along a line”)

particle suffixed to numerical classifiers indicating equal distribution


alënte

Alënte awènik mësi luweyok.


pahkànchi

Pahkànchi nulelìntàm èli newëlàn.


wehehùkoi

Nèkëmò yukwe yuk awenik káski-hànkw wehehùkoi owëlahkuwàk.

wehehùkoi mitsi.


гоч

Inherited from Old Slovak hoc, from earlier hoďa, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *xotę. Cognate with Polish choć, Russian хотя́, хоть (xotjá, xotʹ), Slovak hoci and Ukrainian хоч (xoč).

гоч дзе

гоч кеди

гоч кельо

гоч чий ― hoč čij ― whosever

гоч цо!


လော

與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las, “exclamation indicating doubt”)

particle suffixed to a noun to denote interrogation


တုန်း

my-particle

တုန်း • (tun:)

particle suffixed to verbs to denote continuing action or state: still, currently


w najgorszym wypadku

worst comes to worst
worst comes to worst

(idiomatic) worst-case scenario, worst comes to worst


เดอะ

The word used to emphasize the noun to know that it is this noun in particular, not anything else.


ပေါ

numerical classifier for bundles of seedlings


þī

From earlier *tey, a locative or instrumental formation to the base of Proto-Indo-European *só. Related to Latin sic.