九 (gau², “nine”) and 鳩／鸠 (gau¹) are near homophones in Cantonese.

(Cantonese, slang, vulgar, euphemistic, leetspeak) Alternative form of 鳩／鸠


fucking

New Fucking York.

She had been, as I say, drinking all afternoon and she suddenly howled, “Ten o’clock! It’s ten o’fucking clock! Why doesn’t he come? Why in God’s name doesn’t he come?” Something along those lines.

1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, →OCLC, section III, page 27:

[…] I think that life's too long to bother with suing Andrew fucking Lloyd Webber.

If you wanted some background information on me, Holden, all you had to do was ask. I would have gladly volunteered it. You didn't have to go playing Hercule fucking Poirot!

1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy (motion picture), spoken by Alyssa Jones (Joey Lauren Adams):

Far out, man. Far fucking out!

1998, Joel and Ethan Coen, The Big Lebowski (motion picture), spoken by The Dude (Jeff Bridges):

(vulgar) Alternative spelling of -fucking-, used when the word infix is put between two words.


-er-

suling → seruling

gigi → gerigi

Used to form a noun (which has, contains, or is characteristic).

gesek → geresek

Used to form a verb (repeated, having repetition, or continuous).

kontang → kerontang

Used to form a verb(which has, contains, or is characteristic).


-er-

suling → seruling

gigi → gerigi

gesek → geresek

kontang → kerontang


-um-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.


-um-

(southern) inflectional affix marking irrealis mood with transitive verbs


-um-

Kumain ako.

Lumindol kanina.

An earthquake occurred a while ago. (Nothing is focused.)

Parang pumayat si Gloria.

It looks like Gloria got thinner. (Gloria is focused.)

Kumakain-kain ako pag wala akong magagawa.

I eat a little bit when I have nothing to do. (I is focused.)

actor trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there


-um-

Philippines

Cebuano: mo-, -um-

Hiligaynon: -um-

Tagalog: -um-

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Nias: -um-

Celebic

Balantak: -um-

Old Javanese: -um-


-bloody-

Absobloodylutely!

Were it not for the tattoos, honestly, they'd be able to stand on one foot for hours and truly focus and not think once about how they forgot to set the Sky+ for The Daily Show a-bloody-gain.

2010 October 17, Hadley Freeman, “Tattoos: what makes one spiritual and another Katona-esque?”, in The Guardian:


-in-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-.

igsuon (“sibling”) → inigsuon (“brotherly, sisterly”)

kabayo (“horse”) → kinabayo (“in the manner of a horse”)

Added to mostly noun roots but also verb roots.

Bisaya (“Bisaya person”) → Binisaya (“Bisaya (Cebuano) language”)

Ingles (“Englishman”) → Iningles (“English language”)

hatag (“give”) → hinatag (“something given, gift”)

Added to verb roots conjugated with -on or i-, forming nouns.

something done by the action of the root

asin (“salt”) → inasin (“something salted”)


-in-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-. Doublet of di-.

Implies a perpetuation of action; continuous


-in-

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in-.


-in-

Kinain ko ang mangga (patient trigger)
I ate the mango (mango is focused)

Pinuntahan namin ang palengke (locative trigger)

We went to the market (market is focused)

forms the complete aspect in all triggers except the active trigger

Kinakain ko ang mangga

(with CV- reduplication): forms the progressive aspect in all triggers except in the active trigger


-un-

(chemistry) Used in the theoretical systematic names of undiscovered chemical elements, standing for a 1 in the atomic number


Q

多Q余 [Cantonese, simp.]
do¹ kiu¹ jyu⁴ [Jyutping]

do¹ kiu¹ si⁶ [Jyutping]

麻Q烦 [Cantonese, simp.]
maa⁴ kiu¹ faan⁴ [Jyutping]

(Cantonese, vulgar, euphemistic) fucking; bloody; damn


-o-

infixed form of -o (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|wa class_((II))]], [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|m class_((III))]], and [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] relative marker”)

For a full table including first and second person


っ

Small form of the hiragana character つ (tsu).

Hira-small

でかい→でっかい

とても→とっても

ぽかぽか→ぽっかぽか

あつあつ→あっつあつ

(colloquial) very, super (inserted after the first syllable of an adjective, an adverb, or an ABAB-type onomatopoeia)


-fucking-

Holy shit! That's unbefuckinglievable!

Well, where'd you lose him? He ain't a set of fucking car keys, is he? And it ain't as if he's incon-fucking-spicuous now, is it?

2000, Guy Ritchie, Snatch (motion picture), spoken by Brick Top (Alan Ford):

Guaran-fucking-teed
Just sign the deed
Guaran-fucking-teed
Someone will bleed

2009, “Contractor”, performed by Lamb of God:


-i-

it, them; [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|mi class_((IV))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((IX))]] object concord


-em-

gunung → gemunung

Used to form a numeral (set, many, or various).

gerlap → gemerlap

Used to form an adjective (repeatedly or continuously).


-em-

gunung → gemunung

gerlap → gemerlap


-ar-

budak (“child”) + -ar- (“plural marker”) → barudak (“children”)

buruk (“rotten”) + -ar- (“plural marker”) → baruruk (“rotten, i.e. many are rotten”)

sia (“you (vulgar)”) + -ar- (“plural marker”) → saria (“you (plural, vulgar); you lot”)

infix denoting plural marker for nouns, verbs, adjectives, and pronouns


-el-

tapak → telapak

kupas → kelupas


-el-

tapak → telapak

kupas → kelupas


z'

le Bal des Quat’z’Arts

a ball formerly held in Paris (literally, “Four Arts Ball”)

les quatre z’amis

les chemins de fer z’anglais

les z’hommes

(informal) A prefix used to represent a nonstandard liaison within a plural noun phrase, or eye dialect for a standard liaison.


-e-

The final vowel of hamster, as the initial vowel would be a homonym of -a- from rat.

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a hamster source

-mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies


-n-

accubō (“I lie”) + -n- → accumbō (“I recline, lie down”)

Infix used to denote an action (not lasting); becomes -m- in front of b, m, p

iugō (“I tie”) + -n- → iungō (“I tie for a long time”)

coniugō (“I tie firmly”) + -n- → coniungō (“I tie firmly for a long time”)

Infix used to denote a lasting action; becomes -m- in front of b, m, p


-les-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets an infectious lesion


-col-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets colon tumors


-mar-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets mammary tumors


-mel-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets melanomas


-pr-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -pro-, used for ease of pronunciation before all source affixes but -xi- and -zu-


-cir-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets the cardiovascular system


-zu-

aussteigen → auszusteigen
disembark → to disembark

Sie hat versucht auszusteigen

zu; marks the zu-infinitive of separable verbs in verb-final contexts.


-bac-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets a bacterium


-lim-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that is an immunomodulator


-tum-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets a tumor not covered by one of the suffixes -col-, -mel-, -mar-, -got-, -gov-, -pr-/-pro-, or that targets a combination of such tumors


-gov-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets ovarian tumors

-got- is a coordinate term and has the same alternative form


-got-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets testicular tumors

-gov- is the coordinate term and has the same alternative form


-go-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affixes -got- and -gov-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-co-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -col-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-ci-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -cir-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-pro-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets prostate tumors

Shortened to -pr- before all source suffixes but -xi- and -zu-


-ba-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -bac-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-ma-

education + -ma- → edumacation

alcohol + -ma- → alcamahol

saxophone + -ma- → saxomaphone

(humorous) Adds ironic pseudo-sophistication to an existing word.


-vi-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -vir-, used for ease of pronunciation


-vi-

them, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ki-vi class|vi class_((VIII))]] object concord


-me-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -mel-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-me-

nime- (first-person singular)
tume- (first-person plural)
ume- (second-person singular)
mme- (plural second-person)
ame- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wame- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
ume- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
ime- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lime- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yame- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kime- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vime- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
ime- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zime- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
ume- (class-11 singular third-person)
kume- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pame- (class-16 singular third-person)
mme- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

From the same root as -maliza (“to finish”).

1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-

wamekwenda zao

nilikuwa nimekisoma

wemelala

umechelewa

(in stative verbs) stative aspect marker


-tu-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -tum-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-tu-

Unatuona.

[…] zilimmulika Kasim Hakimu Marjani na kutuonyesha kuwa yeye ni kijana kiasi,[…]

1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:

[…] illuminated Kasim Hakimu Marjani and showed us that he is relatively young, […]

For a full table including other classes


-u-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a human source.


-u-

it, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|m class_((III))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] object concord


-fu-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -fung-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-ner-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets the nervous system


-tox-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -toxa-, used for ease of pronunciation before all source affixes but -xi- and -zu-


-axo-

From -a- (“rat”) + x (“cross”) + -o- (“mouse”).

affix

(pharmacology) a hybrid monoclonal antibody, derived from both rat and murine sources


-mul-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets the musculoskeletal system


-fung-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets a fungus


-xizu-

(pharmacology) A hybrid monoclonal antibody, derived from both chimeric and humanized sources.


-toxa-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets a toxin

-tox- before all suffixes but -xi- and -zu-


-os-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody that targets bone


-a-

From French à (“various prepositions”) and related prepositions in other Romance languages. Also from related misunderstandings, as all-a-mort from French à la morte.

Connective infix encountered in loanwords and phrases, generally no longer carrying a distinct meaning.


-a-

(chemistry) Replacing carbon, especially in a ring.


-a-

(pharmacology) A monoclonal antibody derived from a rat.


-a-

na- (first-person singular)
twa- (first-person plural)
wa- (second-person singular)
mwa- (plural second-person)
a- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wa- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
wa- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
ya- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
la- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
ya- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
cha- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vya- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
ya- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
za- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
wa- (class-11 singular third-person)
kwa- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pa- (class-16 singular third-person)
mwa- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

(dated) gnomic aspect marker, indefinite present marker

Near-synonym: -na-

2023, Brian Ambani, “Maelfu Ya Kampuni Zafungwa Kufuatia Hali Ngumu”, in Taifa Leo, archived from the original on 2023-07-21:

Thousands of Companies Close After Difficult Situation


-ne-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -ner-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-ne-

Expressing a fraction or a ratio. Preceded by a nominator and followed by the denominator.


-mu-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -mul-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-mu-

her, him; 3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) object concord used before /u/ and /w/


-li-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -lim-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-li-

nili- (first-person singular)
tuli- (first-person plural)
uli- (second-person singular)
mli- (plural second-person)
ali- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wali- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
uli- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
ili- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lili- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yali- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kili- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vili- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
ili- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zili- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
uli- (class-11 singular third-person)
kuli- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pali- (class-16 singular third-person)
mli- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

walikula

aliyelala

Ilikuwa kiasi cha saa moja-unusu ya usiku Kasim alipopanda ngazi pana zilizotandikwa zulia au blanketi nene, zilizoongoza kufikia ghorofa akaayo baba yake, Bw. Hakimu Marjani.

It was about half past seven in the night when Kasim went up the wide stairs covered with carpets or thick blankets, which led to the floor where resided his father, Mr Hakimu Marjani.


-li-

it, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ji class_((V))]] object concord


-ki-

(pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -kin-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation


-ki-

niki- (first-person singular)
tuki- (first-person plural)
uki- (second-person singular)
mki- (plural second-person)
aki- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
waki- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
uki- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
iki- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
liki- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yaki- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kiki- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
viki- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
iki- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
ziki- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
uki- (class-11 singular third-person)
kuki- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
paki- (class-16 singular third-person)
mki- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

Near-synonym: -na-

niliwaona wakitembea

(in second verb in a series) while, simultaneity marker

nimekuwa nikiandika

while, simultaneity marker
continuous aspect marker

nikinunua

ukienda Kenya


-ki-

it, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ki-vi class|ki class_((VII))]] object concord


-iss-

From the Latin inchoative infix -sc-, from -ēscō, but now extended to many non-inchoative verbs as well. Cognates include Italian -isc-, Portuguese -ec-, -esc- and -esç-, and Romanian -esc- and -ăsc-.

An infix found in most parts of the conjugation of regular -ir verbs.


-iss-

From Latin -sc-, from the -ēscō conjugation, originally with inchoative meaning; evolved early on into a verb extension with little apparent semantic meaning.

An inchoative infix appearing on many verbs, and integrated into the conjugation of some -ir- verbs.


-x-

(neologism) Used to replace a gendered element or reduce perceived genderedness, such as in Mixter, mxn, womxn, etc.


-x-

łitso

łitsxo


-x-

(neologism) Used to replace a gendered element, such as in ellxs, lxs, etc.


-ta-

nita- (first-person singular)
tuta- (first-person plural)
uta- (second-person singular)
mta- (plural second-person)
ata- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wata- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
uta- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
ita- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lita- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yata- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kita- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vita- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
ita- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zita- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
uta- (class-11 singular third-person)
kuta- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pata- (class-16 singular third-person)
mta- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information
sita- (first-person negative singular)
hatuta- (first-person negative plural)
huta- (negative second-person singular)
hamta- (negative plural second-person)
hata- (class-1 class-2 negative singular third-person)
hawata- (class-1 class-2 negative plural third-person)
hauta- (class-3 class-4 negative singular third-person)
haita- (class-3 class-4 negative plural third-person)
halita- (class-5 class-6 negative singular third-person)
hayata- (class-5 class-6 negative plural third-person)
hakita- (class-7 class-8 negative singular third-person)
havita- (class-7 class-8 negative plural third-person)
haita- (class-10 class-9 negative singular third-person)
hazita- (class-10 class-9 negative plural third-person)
hauta- (class-11 negative singular third-person)
hakuta- (class-15 class-17 negative singular third-person)
hapata- (class-16 negative singular third-person)
hamta- (class-18 negative singular third-person)
For more information (negative)

From -taka (“to want”). Doublet of -taka-.

Near-synonym: -taka- (“relative positive future tense marker”)

watakwenda

sitakisoma

will, positive and negative future tense marker


-na-

nina- (first-person singular)
na- (first-person singular)
tuna- (first-person plural)
una- (second-person singular)
mna- (plural second-person)
ana- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wana- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
una- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
ina- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lina- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yana- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kina- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vina- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
ina- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zina- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
una- (class-11 singular third-person)
kuna- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pana- (class-16 singular third-person)
mna- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

wanakula

wanalala

Inakuwa baridi.

(in stative verbs) inceptive aspect marker

Near-synonym: -ki-

(in second verb in a series) marker of simultaneity

nilikuwa ninaandika

marker of simultaneity
continuous aspect marker


-h-

fuck! + -h- → fuhuck!

damn! + -h- → dahamn!

beer + -h- → bheer

boy + -h- → bhoy

god + -h- → ghod

good + -h- → ghood

(dated, fandom slang, humorous) Indicates a fannish context or an association with science fiction fandom.


-kunu-

burri-j-ba (“to cross a body of water”) → burrijkunumba (“to take (some thing) across a body of water”)

wi-j-ba (“return, go back”) → wi-j-kunu-mba (“bring or take (something or someone) back”)

infix added to j-stem verbs, especially those related to motion, to form class 1 verbs with senses relating to causing the motion or transference of a thing


-iz-

From a style of cant used by African Americans in the 1970s and popularized by rapper Snoop Dogg. See -izzle for more.

shit + -iz- → shiznit

house + -iz- → hizouse

damn + -iz- → dizamn

(slang, African-American Vernacular) An intensifier.


-né-

-n- (oblique stem)
-né-mi (first-person indicative present singular)
-né-m̥ (first-person indicative past singular)
-né-si (indicative present second-person singular)
-né-s (indicative past second-person singular)
-né- (imperative second-person singular)
-n-dʰí (imperative second-person singular)
-né-esi (second-person singular subjunctive)
-né-ti (indicative present singular third-person)
-né-t (indicative past singular third-person)
-né-tu (imperative singular third-person)
-né-eti (singular subjunctive third-person)
-n-wós (dual first-person indicative present)
-n-wé (dual first-person indicative past)
-né-owos (dual first-person subjunctive)
-n-tés (dual indicative present second-person)
-n-tóm (dual indicative past second-person)
-n-tóm (dual imperative second-person)
-né-etes (dual second-person subjunctive)
-n-tés (dual indicative present third-person)
-n-tā́m (dual indicative past third-person)
-n-tā́m (dual imperative third-person)
-né-etes (dual subjunctive third-person)
-n-mós (first-person indicative plural present)
-n-mé (first-person indicative past plural)
-né-omos (first-person plural subjunctive)
-n-té (indicative plural present second-person)
-n-té (indicative past plural second-person)
-n-té (imperative plural second-person)
-né-ete (plural second-person subjunctive)
-n-énti (indicative plural present third-person)
-n-ént (indicative past plural third-person)
-n-éntu (imperative plural third-person)
-né-onti (plural subjunctive third-person)
-n-ónts (indicative participle present)
-n-só (imperative second-person singular)
-n-tór (indicative present singular third-person)
-n-ór (indicative present singular third-person)
-n-tó (indicative past singular third-person)
-n-ó (indicative past singular third-person)
-né-etor (singular subjunctive third-person)
-n-rór (indicative plural present third-person)
-n-n̥tór (indicative plural present third-person)
-n-ró (indicative past plural third-person)
-n-n̥tó (indicative past plural third-person)
-né-oror (plural subjunctive third-person)
-né-ontor (plural subjunctive third-person)

Forms mostly transitive imperfective verbs from perfective intransitive roots.


-ku-

siku- (first-person singular)
hatuku- (first-person plural)
huku- (second-person singular)
hamku- (plural second-person)
haku- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
hawaku- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
hauku- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
haiku- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
haliku- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
hayaku- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
hakiku- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
haviku- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
haiku- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
haziku- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
hauku- (class-11 singular third-person)
hakuku- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
hapaku- (class-16 singular third-person)
hamku- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

Sikukisoma.

(with negative subject concord) negative past tense marker


-ku-

Ninakupenda.

مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،

R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249

Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?

Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?

Ninakupendeni.

(with suffix -ni) you, y'all; 2st person plural object concord


-ku-

there, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku locative class|ku class_((XVII))]] object concord


-ja-

sija- (first-person singular)
hatuja- (first-person plural)
huja- (second-person singular)
hamja- (plural second-person)
haja- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
hawaja- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
hauja- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
haija- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
halija- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
hayaja- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
hakija- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
havija- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
haija- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
hazija- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
hauja- (class-11 singular third-person)
hakuja- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
hapaja- (class-16 singular third-person)
hamja- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

bado sijala

walikuwa hawajalala


-mesha-

nimesha- (first-person singular)
tumesha- (first-person plural)
umesha- (second-person singular)
mmesha- (plural second-person)
amesha- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wamesha- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
umesha- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
imesha- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
limesha- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yamesha- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kimesha- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vimesha- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
imesha- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zimesha- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
umesha- (class-11 singular third-person)
kumesha- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pamesha- (class-16 singular third-person)
mmesha- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

Near-synonym: -me-

Wameshakisoma hicho kitabu.

counterexpectative perfect aspect marker, indicates that an action has taken place even though one might have expected otherwise


ำ

Borrowed from Old Khmer -am- on the basis of pairs such as ขลัง (klǎng, “potent”) and กำลัง (gam-lang, “vigour”) from the ancestors of modern Khmer ខ្លាំង (khlang) and កម្លាំង (kɑmlang).


-ngeli-

Seemingly built from -nge- (“present conditional”) and -li- (“past”); compare -ngali-.

(colloquial) subjunctive or conditional marker, contrary to fact


-nge-

ninge- (first-person singular)
tunge- (first-person plural)
unge- (second-person singular)
mnge- (plural second-person)
ange- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wange- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
unge- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
inge- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
linge- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yange- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kinge- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vinge- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
inge- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zinge- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
unge- (class-11 singular third-person)
kunge- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pange- (class-16 singular third-person)
mnge- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information
singe- (first-person negative singular)
hatunge- (first-person negative plural)
hunge- (negative second-person singular)
hamnge- (negative plural second-person)
hange- (class-1 class-2 negative singular third-person)
hawange- (class-1 class-2 negative plural third-person)
haunge- (class-3 class-4 negative singular third-person)
hainge- (class-3 class-4 negative plural third-person)
halinge- (class-5 class-6 negative singular third-person)
hayange- (class-5 class-6 negative plural third-person)
hakinge- (class-7 class-8 negative singular third-person)
havinge- (class-7 class-8 negative plural third-person)
hainge- (class-10 class-9 negative singular third-person)
hazinge- (class-10 class-9 negative plural third-person)
haunge- (class-11 negative singular third-person)
hakunge- (class-15 class-17 negative singular third-person)
hapange- (class-16 negative singular third-person)
hamnge- (class-18 negative singular third-person)
For more information (negative)

Ningefanya tofauti.

Maana kama ningetaka kujisifu singekuwa mpumbavu, kwa sababu nitasema kweli.

1952, Biblio [Swahili Union Version Bible], United Bible Societies, 2 Wakorintho 12:6:

Because if I wanted to brag, I would not be a fool, because I would tell the truth.


-ngali-

ningali- (first-person singular)
tungali- (first-person plural)
ungali- (second-person singular)
mngali- (plural second-person)
angali- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wangali- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
ungali- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
ingali- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lingali- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yangali- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kingali- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vingali- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
ingali- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zingali- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
ungali- (class-11 singular third-person)
kungali- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pangali- (class-16 singular third-person)
mngali- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information
singali- (first-person negative singular)
hatungali- (first-person negative plural)
hungali- (negative second-person singular)
hamngali- (negative plural second-person)
hangali- (class-1 class-2 negative singular third-person)
hawangali- (class-1 class-2 negative plural third-person)
haungali- (class-3 class-4 negative singular third-person)
haingali- (class-3 class-4 negative plural third-person)
halingali- (class-5 class-6 negative singular third-person)
hayangali- (class-5 class-6 negative plural third-person)
hakingali- (class-7 class-8 negative singular third-person)
havingali- (class-7 class-8 negative plural third-person)
haingali- (class-10 class-9 negative singular third-person)
hazingali- (class-10 class-9 negative plural third-person)
haungali- (class-11 negative singular third-person)
hakungali- (class-15 class-17 negative singular third-person)
hapangali- (class-16 negative singular third-person)
hamngali- (class-18 negative singular third-person)
For more information (negative)

wangalikwenda zao


-কেই-

আমকেইটা

ঘৰকেইখন


-ji-

ninajiona


fkn

I’m in the United fkn States of America.

(text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of fucking.


-ткы-

Гыммы тынуткын.

Used to mark the imperfective aspect in verbs


-ş-

-ış- (after-consonant back-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-iş- (after-consonant front-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-uş- (after-consonant back-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)
-üş- (after-consonant front-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)
-ş- (after-vowel)


-m-

Ninamsikia.

her, him; 3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) object concord


-p-

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -p-, -s-, -m-, -pa-, -pe-

Karluk:

Uyghur: ـپـ (-p-)


-𐔰-

𐔽𐕒𐕠𐕄 (ˁocḳ, “wash”) + -𐔰- (-a-) → 𐔽𐕒𐕠𐕄𐔰 (ˁocḳa, “wash!”)

𐔱𐕒𐕡𐕙 (bur, “stand”) + -𐔰- (-a-) → 𐔱𐕒𐕡𐕙𐔰 (bura, “stand!”)


-tta-

Estonian: -ta- (antakse)

Finnish: -ta- (annetaan)

Ingrian: -ta- (annetaa)

From the causative suffix *-ttadak. The suffix with a short *t instead of geminate *tt is later analogy from the first infinitive ending (*-dak, *-t'ak) on which the passive ending *-hen was directly affixed, and also in part from regular simplification of consonant clusters.


-si-

nisi- (first-person singular)
tusi- (first-person plural)
usi- (second-person singular)
msi- (plural second-person)
asi- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wasi- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
usi- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
isi- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lisi- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yasi- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kisi- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
visi- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
isi- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zisi- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
usi- (class-11 singular third-person)
kusi- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pasi- (class-16 singular third-person)
msi- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

ili nisile

هُنِلِزِ نَمِ كَلِ بَيْنِ ، لِوَاپُ نَسُرَ نِسِ كَتَيْ

Can't you tell it me plainly that I may admit it?

Hunelezi nami kali baini, liwapo na-sura nisi katae.

(with suffix -e) negative subjunctive marker

wasikisome

negative subjunctive marker
negative imperative marker

mtoto asiyekuja

Only used in -singe- and -singali-, negative marker for the conditional mood


-ni-

Wananipenda.


-wa-

Ninawaona.

Ninawapenda.

them, 3rd person plural ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|wa class_((II))]]) object concord


-lo-

infixed form of -lo (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ji class_((V))]] relative marker”)


-zo-

infixed form of -zo (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((X))]] relative marker”)


-cho-

infixed form of -cho (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ki-vi class|ki class_((VII))]] relative marker”)


-yo-

infixed form of -yo (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|mi class_((IV))]], [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ma class_((VI))]], and [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((IX))]] relative marker”)


-mo-

infixed form of -mo (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Mu locative class|mu class_((XVIII))]] relative marker, wherein”)


-po-

infixed form of -po (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Pa locative class|pa class_((XVI))]] relative marker, while”)


-ye-

infixed form of -ye (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]] relative marker”)


-ko-

infixed form of -ko (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ku locative class|ku class_((XVII))]] relative marker, where”)


-vyo-

infixed form of -vyo (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ki-vi class|vi class_((VIII))]] relative marker, the way that”)


-zi-

them, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#N class|n class_((X))]] object concord


-pa-

there, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Pa locative class|pa class_((XVI))]] object concord


-mw-

her, him; 3rd person singular ([[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]) object concord used before vowels


-ya-

نِيَضِهِرِشِ يَغُ مَقَالِ ، اَبَيُ مُيُوْنِ نِقُصُدِيِ

Let me set forth the plan which I have in my heart.

Niyaḍihirishe yangu maqali, ambayo moyoni niquṣudiye.

them, [[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Ji-ma class|ma class_((VI))]] object concord


-taka-

nitaka- (first-person singular)
tutaka- (first-person plural)
utaka- (second-person singular)
mtaka- (plural second-person)
ataka- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wataka- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
utaka- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
itaka- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
litaka- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yataka- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kitaka- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vitaka- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
itaka- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zitaka- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
utaka- (class-11 singular third-person)
kutaka- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pataka- (class-16 singular third-person)
mtaka- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

From -taka (“to want”). Doublet of -ta-.

Near-synonym: -ta- (“positive and negative future tense marker”)

watakaokwenda

nitakachokisoma

will, relative positive future tense marker


-ka-

nika- (first-person singular)
tuka- (first-person plural)
uka- (second-person singular)
mka- (plural second-person)
aka- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
waka- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
uka- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
ika- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lika- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yaka- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kika- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
vika- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
ika- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zika- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
uka- (class-11 singular third-person)
kuka- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
paka- (class-16 singular third-person)
mka- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

walikuja wakala

consecutive marker (indicative and subjunctive)


-sipo-

nisipo- (first-person singular)
tusipo- (first-person plural)
usipo- (second-person singular)
msipo- (plural second-person)
asipo- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wasipo- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
usipo- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
isipo- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lisipo- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yasipo- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kisipo- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
visipo- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
isipo- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zisipo- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
usipo- (class-11 singular third-person)
kusipo- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pasipo- (class-16 singular third-person)
msipo- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

-si- (“negative relative”) + -po (“[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#Pa locative class|pa class_((XVI))]] relative marker, while”)

com

pa􂀽 class􂀽_((XVI)) relative marker, while

nisiponunua

if not, negative conditional mood marker


-singali-

nisingali- (first-person singular)
tusingali- (first-person plural)
usingali- (second-person singular)
msingali- (plural second-person)
asingali- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wasingali- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
usingali- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
isingali- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lisingali- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yasingali- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kisingali- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
visingali- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
isingali- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zisingali- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
usingali- (class-11 singular third-person)
kusingali- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pasingali- (class-16 singular third-person)
msingali- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

would not have, negative past conditional maker


-singe-

nisinge- (first-person singular)
tusinge- (first-person plural)
usinge- (second-person singular)
msinge- (plural second-person)
asinge- (class-1 class-2 singular third-person)
wasinge- (class-1 class-2 plural third-person)
usinge- (class-3 class-4 singular third-person)
isinge- (class-3 class-4 plural third-person)
lisinge- (class-5 class-6 singular third-person)
yasinge- (class-5 class-6 plural third-person)
kisinge- (class-7 class-8 singular third-person)
visinge- (class-7 class-8 plural third-person)
isinge- (class-10 class-9 singular third-person)
zisinge- (class-10 class-9 plural third-person)
usinge- (class-11 singular third-person)
kusinge- (class-15 class-17 singular third-person)
pasinge- (class-16 singular third-person)
msinge- (class-18 singular third-person)
For more information

would not, negative present conditional maker


-nya-

omunyankomo (omu- (class 1 (human) noun prefix) + -nya- + nkomo (“prison”))

obunyaruguru (obu- (class 14 (state of being) noun prefix) + -nya- + ruguru (“above, up”))

omunyaihanga (omu- (class 1 (human) noun prefix) + -nya- + ihanga (“nation, country”))

Omunyamisiri (omu- (class 1 (human) noun prefix) + -nya- + Misiri (“Egypt”))

Omunyamwenge (omu- (class 1 (human) noun prefix) + -nya- + Mwenge (“Mwenge”))

having properties of, belonging to
(with omu-) Used to form demonyms.

having properties of, belonging to
Used to form demonyms.


-motherfucking-

Person 1: Want me to buy you tickets to the Sepultura concert?

Person 2: Absomotherfuckinglutely!

Fuck me, it's gotta be The Deadhead Chemistry
The blotter got right on top of me
Got me seeing E-motherfucking-T!

2006, “Rosetta Stoned”, performed by Tool:


-kūmā-

kanakolu (“thirty”) → kanakolukūmākahi (“thirty one”)

Nonproductive numerical infix needed to combine the tens and ones places; roughly meaning plus.


-kumamā-

kanakolu (“thirty”) → kanakolukumamākahi (“thirty one”)

(formal) Nonproductive numerical infix needed to combine the tens and ones places; roughly meaning plus.