ni

Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.

Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:

Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give [our] adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.


ni

head

ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)

this (agr: prox fem / prox non-nom masc)


ni

See này.
This is one of many cases in which monophthongs were not diphthongized in Central Vietnamese, compare mày vs. mi, chấy vs. chí, nước vs. nác.


ge

namo ge


dy

dy (triggers soft mutation of a following consonant)

From Proto-Celtic *towe (“your”); compare Cornish dha, Breton da, Irish do. See ti (“you”).

Beth sy yn dy dŷ di?


dy

From Old Frisian thī, from Proto-West Germanic *siz, from Proto-Germanic *sa (“that, the”). Compare Dutch die, English the.


un

una (feminine)
'na (feminine)
des (plural)

Inherited from Latin ūnus. Doublet of yon (“one”).

a, an (masculine singular indefinite article)


universal

From Old French universel, from Latin ūniversālis; equivalent to universe + -al.

(Late Middle English) The whole, all of, every portion of, all parts of.

(Late Middle English, rare) Every kind of; all sorts of


ce

Inherited from Old French cel, from Vulgar Latin *ecce ille,. Cognate with French ce, Lorrain ceil and Franco-Provençal cél.


ce

ce m (before a vowel sound cet, feminine cette, plural ces)

sound cet (before-vowel)
cette (feminine)
ces (plural)

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French cel, cil, from Vulgar Latin *ecce ille. See also celui, derived from the oblique cases of the same.
The inflected forms continue Old French cest, cist, from Vulgar Latin *ecce iste.


ce

my (first-person singular possessive adjective)


au

From Proto-Polynesian *-u. Cognates include Hawaiian āu and Samoan āu.


li

li aːw ʈʰi talu.


li

-li (canonical)
oli (singular)
bali (plural)
nguli (singular)
mbali (plural)
guli (singular)
eri (plural)
ngiri (plural)
liri (singular)
gali (plural)
ndiri (singular)
ngali (plural)
kiri (singular)
biri (plural)
nkiri (singular)
mbiri (plural)
eri (singular)
ziri (plural)
ngiri (singular)
nziri (plural)
ruli (singular)
nduli (singular)
kali (singular)
buli (plural)
nkali (singular)
mbuli (plural)
tuli (plural)
ntuli (plural)
buli (singular)
mbuli (singular)
kuli (singular)
nkuli (singular)
hali (class-16 singular)
mpali (class-16 singular)
muli (class-18 singular)

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́á (“that, those”). Cognate with Swahili -le.

inh+

that, those (distal demonstrative determiner)

-nu

this (proximal demonstrative determiner)


eu

head

eu (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

of a following vowel (triggers-h-prothesis)

Cwynent am eu blinder a’u hafiechyd.

They complained of their weariness and their illness.


am

suudu am


am

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Form of an (“their”) used before the consonants b-, f-, m- or p-.


ga

head

ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

From Sanskrit किम् (kim, “what? why? (interrogative particle)”).


tar

(chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of þeir


ons

From Dutch ons, inflected onze, from Middle Dutch onse, from Old Dutch *unsa, from Proto-Germanic *unseraz.

1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function

chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence

Ruis die stem van ons geliefde, van ons land Suid-Afrika.

1921, “Die Stem van Suid-Afrika”, C.J. Langenhoven (lyrics), M.L. de Villiers (music), South Africa:

Rises the voice of our beloved, of our country South Africa.


ons

head

ons (dependent possessive, inflected form onze, independent possessive onze)

form onze (inflected)
onze (independent possessive)
ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

From Old Dutch *unsa, from Proto-Germanic *unseraz.

Geef ons heden ons dagelijks brood.


ho

ho preudeur


ho

ho (masculine nominative singular)
hā (feminine nominative singular)
tó (neuter nominative singular)
tón (accusative masculine singular)
tā́n (accusative feminine singular)
tó (accusative neuter singular)
tóyyo (genitive masculine singular)
tā́s (feminine genitive singular)
tóyyo (genitive neuter singular)
tṓi (dative masculine singular)
tā́i (dative feminine singular)
tṓi (dative neuter singular)
tóhmi (locative masculine singular)
tóyyā (feminine locative singular)
tóhmi (locative neuter singular)
tónō (instrumental masculine singular)
tā́ (feminine instrumental singular)
tónō (instrumental neuter singular)
tṓ (dual masculine nominative)
táe (dual feminine nominative)
tṓ (dual neuter nominative)
tṓ (accusative dual masculine)
táe (accusative dual feminine)
tṓ (accusative dual neuter)
hoi (masculine nominative plural)
hai (feminine nominative plural)
tá (neuter nominative plural)
tóns (accusative masculine plural)
tans (accusative feminine plural)
tá (accusative neuter plural)
tṓn (genitive masculine plural)
tā́ōn (feminine genitive plural)
tṓn (genitive neuter plural)
tóis (dative masculine plural)
táis (dative feminine plural)
tóis (dative neuter plural)
tóihi (locative masculine plural)
tā́hi (feminine locative plural)
tóihi (locative neuter plural)
tóis (instrumental masculine plural)
táis (feminine instrumental plural)
tóis (instrumental neuter plural)

Ancient Greek: ὁ (ho)

Greek: ο (o)


der

deen (accusative masculine nominative)
den (accusative masculine nominative)
déi (d') (accusative feminine nominative)
dat (d') (accusative neuter nominative)
déi (d') (accusative nominative plural)
deem (masculine)
dem (masculine)
där (feminine)
der (feminine)
deem (neuter)
dem (neuter)
deen (plural)
den (plural)
der (feminine genitive)

From Middle High German der.
In the masculine singular, der was originally nominative and den was accusative. This case distinction, which still exists in Standard German, was then lost in Luxembourgish. Why the form der was reassigned to usage with taboo words seems unexplained.

(archaic outside idioms) Alternative form of den (masculine definite article) used with certain taboo words, especially Däiwel (“devil”) and Doud (“death”)


ne

se (nominative singular)
ne (nominative plural)
siellä (singular superessive)
sen (genitive singular)
niiden (genitive plural)
niitten (genitive plural)
sieltä (delative singular)
sitä (partitive singular)
niitä (partitive plural)
sinne (singular sublative)
se (accusative singular)
sen (accusative singular)
ne (accusative plural)
siis (lative singular)
siinä (inessive singular)
niissä (inessive plural)
silloin (singular temporal)
siitä (elative singular)
niistä (elative plural)
siten (causative singular)
siihen (illative singular)
niihin (illative plural)
sillä (adessive singular)
niillä (adessive plural)
siltä (ablative singular)
niiltä (ablative plural)
sille (allative singular)
niille (allative plural)
sinä (essive singular)
niinä (essive plural)
siksi (singular translative)
niiksi (plural translative)
niittä (abessive plural)
niin (instructive plural)
niine (comitative plural)

Kven: net

Meänkieli: net

From Proto-Finnic *nek, from Proto-Uralic *ne + *-k (dual ending). Compare Erzya не (ńe), неть (ńeť).
The inflectional stem nii- derives from the same stem with the plural infix (-i-), through an older *nij- (< *ne-j-). Compare also se.

Tässä ne kirjat nyt ovat.

nominative plural of se: those (not pointed at by the speaker)

*) See the usage notes under tuo for the difference between se and tuo


ne

From Proto-Finnic *nek. Cognates include Finnish ne and Estonian need.

(North Karelian or dialectal) these, those (medial)


ne

namo ne


ne

Likely cognate with Ternate ne (“this”).

pala ne ilamo

nudupe de ngeu ne


và

và • (𠄧, 𢁍, 𢽼)

vi-determ

và • (𠄧, 𢁍, 𢽼)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-và.wav

some (indefinite quantity greater than one)


ei

From Middle Welsh y, from Proto-Brythonic *eið, from Proto-Celtic *esyo m and *esyās f; compare Old Irish a (“his, her, its, their”) and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, “his, its”) and अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”).

Gwelir y thema dro ar ôl tro yn ei gerddi a’i emynau.

The theme is seen repeatedly in his poems and his hymns.

his, its (with reference to a masculine noun; triggers soft mutation of following consonant)

Gwelir y thema dro ar ôl tro yn ei cherddi a’i hemynau.

The theme is seen repeatedly in her poems and her hymns.

her, its (with reference to a feminine noun; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant and h-prothesis of a following vowel)


tu

(Lagarteiru) Apocopic form of túa (“your”)

Determiner forms used in Lagarteiru before a noun


tu

Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.

(colloquial) that (what is being indicated)


tu

head

tu sg (second person singular possessive of singular, of plural tus)

of singular (possessive second-person singular)

From Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.

(before the noun) Apocopic form of tuyo, your


ar

third person plural general possessive; their


ar

(chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)


ar

Irish: ár

Scottish Gaelic: ar

From Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.


ar

From Old Irish ar. Cognates include Irish ár.

ar n-athair.

Tha ar nighean ruadh.

Tha ar n-oilthigh ùr.


po

From Proto-Tocharian [Term?] (whence also Tocharian A puk).


nulle

(quantifying) Not any: no, no one, not even one.


ti

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of þi (“thy”)


ti

nominative dual feminine and neuter of tȃ

accusative dual feminine and neuter of tȃ


ti

(stylistical) dative singular feminine of tȃ

(stylistical) locative singular feminine of tȃ


sine

inflection of sijn:
feminine nominative/accusative singular

inflection of sijn:
nominative/accusative plural


soju

soju (feminine singular soja, plural soi)

Uſcite fuora, e mirate, o figlie di Sion, il re Salomone col diadema, con cui lo incoronò la madre ſua nel giorno dello ſpoſalizio di lui, e nel giorno della letizia del cuor ſuo.

1863 [1770s], Antonio Martini, chapter III, in Giovanni Spano, transl., Lu càntiggu de li càntigghi di Salamoni [Solomon's canticle of canticles], London, translation of Il cantico de' cantici (in Italian), verse 11, page 10:

Come out and see, o daughters of Zion, King Solomon, with the crown with which his mother crowned him in the day of his wedding, and in the day of the joy of his heart.

Si ti dizi com’iltesi
A la fabiddadda toja,
Dilli, la culpa è la soja

c. 19ᵗʰ century, anonymous author, “[untitled song]”, in Giovanni Spano, editor, Canti popolari in dialetto sassarese, volume 2 (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), Cagliari, published 1873, song 54, page 144:

If she asks you how I reacted to your words, tell her that it's her fault


pa

From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷis); compare Latin quid, Old Irish cid, Modern Irish cad, Cornish py, pe.


se

Kven: se

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.
The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.
The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).

Sen auton pakoputki on rikki.

Onko sinulla vielä sitä jäätelöä?

Do you still have some of that ice cream?

that (not pointed at by the speaker; compare tuo, see usage notes)

(colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)


se

se (nominative singular)
neet (nominative plural)
senen (genitive singular)
niijen (genitive plural)
sen (accusative singular)
neet (accusative plural)
sitä (partitive singular)
niitä (partitive plural)
siihe (illative singular)
niihe (illative plural)
siin (inessive singular)
niis (inessive plural)
siint (elative singular)
siitä (elative singular)
niist (elative plural)
sille (allative singular)
niille (allative plural)
sil (adessive singular)
niil (adessive plural)
silt (ablative singular)
niilt (ablative plural)
siks (singular translative)
niiks (plural translative)
senennä (essive singular)
niinnä (essive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.

1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:

A small income was received from this field.

this, that (not bound to a specific location)


se

From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.


se

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.

Sele mē þone hamor.


se

Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels


se

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)


se

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.


se

Estonian: see

Finnish: se, (dialectal) see

Ingrian: se, (dialectal) see, sen

Karelian:

North Karelian: še

South Karelian: še, se

Livonian: se

Livvi: se

Ludian: se

Veps: se

Võro: seo

Votic: se


mien

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


etwas

From Old High German eddeshwaz, from edde- + hwaz (edde- = some, hwaz = what). Compare Icelandic eitthvað, Dutch ietwat.

Hab etwas Respekt vor den Toten.

(with uncountable or plural noun) some, a bit of

sonst wersonst einersonst jemand(ein) anderer


ach

First-person plural inclusive general possessive; our (inclusive)


wat

Variation of what, used for humorous effect.

(informal, Internet, text messaging) Alternative spelling of what


wat

From Middle Dutch wat, from Old Dutch wat, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód, *kʷod, compare West Frisian wat, English what, German was, Danish hvad.

Ik wil graag wat kersen.

Wat een onzin!


ihr

ihr (masculine nominative)
ihr (feminine nominative)
ihr (neuter nominative)
ihre (nominative plural)
ihrm (dative masculine)
ihrer (dative feminine)
ihrm (dative neuter)
ihrare (dative plural)
ihrn (accusative masculine)
ihr (accusative feminine)
ihr (accusative neuter)
ihrane (accusative plural)


ihr

ihr (masculine nominative)
ihre (feminine nominative)
ihr (neuter nominative)
ihre (nominative plural)
ihres (genitive masculine)
ihrer (feminine genitive)
ihres (genitive neuter)
ihrer (genitive plural)
ihrem (dative masculine)
ihrer (dative feminine)
ihrem (dative neuter)
ihren (dative plural)
ihren (accusative masculine)
ihre (accusative feminine)
ihr (accusative neuter)
ihre (accusative plural)

Laura hat mir ihr neues Auto gezeigt.

Die Katze spielt oft mit ihren Spielsachen.

die Sonne und ihre Wärme

its (when the owning object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine)


ihr

Die Kinder spielen mit ihrem Hund.

die Wolken und ihre Schönheit


dis

Representing a colloquial or dialectal pronunciation with th-stopping of this.


tod

[…] ſobre tod eſto dare amoab en ur̃a mano e crebantaredes todas cibdades en caſtelladas entodos los arbores fermoſos todas las fontanas del agua cerraredes. entodas las buenas ſẽnas abatredes e fizieron aſſi.

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 42v:

“‘ […] And besides all this I will deliver Moab into your hands. And you will break every fortified city and every beautiful tree and every fountain of water you will stop up and every field you will ruin.’” And so they did.


meine

inflection of mein:
nominative/accusative feminine singular

inflection of mein:
nominative/accusative plural


ít

From Proto-Vietic *ʔiːt, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔit ~ *ʔiit ~ *ʔiət, cognate with Muong ét, Western Lawa ʔɛt, Phong-Kniang ʔeːt, Koho it (“little”) and possibly Khmer អាត់ (ʼat, “small, tiny”). Compare ét.
Compare also the Sino-Tibetan root that gave rise to Chinese 一 (OC *ʔi[t], “one”) (B-S), Chepang यात् (yat, “one”).


fewest

On Sundays, the fewest cars use this street.

superlative degree of few; the smallest number.


fewer

Fewer women wear hats these days.

There are fewer tigers than there were a hundred years ago.

This hypothesis goes by many names, including group resistence, the threshold effect, and the gender paradox. Because the hypothesis holds such wide appeal, it is worth revisiting the logic behind it. The hypothesis is built on the factual observation that fewer females than males act antisocially.

2001 September 27, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Michael Rutter, Phil A. Silva, Sex Differences in Antisocial Behaviour: Conduct Disorder, Delinquency, and Violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 151:

comparative degree of few; a smaller number.


ini

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.


ini

From Malay ini, from Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

this (known (thing) about to be mentioned)

this (known (thing) that the speaker does not think is known to the audience)


ini

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.


sein

sein (masculine nominative)
seine (feminine nominative)
sein (neuter nominative)
seine (nominative plural)
seines (genitive masculine)
seiner (feminine genitive)
seines (genitive neuter)
seiner (genitive plural)
seinem (dative masculine)
seiner (dative feminine)
seinem (dative neuter)
seinen (dative plural)
seinen (accusative masculine)
seine (accusative feminine)
sein (accusative neuter)
seine (accusative plural)
mein (first-person masculine singular)
meine (feminine first-person singular)
mein (first-person neuter singular)
meine (first-person singular)
dein (masculine second-person singular)
deine (feminine second-person singular)
dein (neuter second-person singular)
deine (second-person singular)
Dein (masculine second-person singular)
Deine (feminine second-person singular)
Dein (neuter second-person singular)
Deine (second-person singular)
sein (masculine singular third-person)
seine (feminine singular third-person)
sein (neuter singular third-person)
seine (singular third-person)
ihr (masculine singular third-person)
ihre (feminine singular third-person)
ihr (neuter singular third-person)
ihre (singular third-person)
unser (first-person masculine plural)
unsre (feminine first-person plural)
unsere (feminine first-person plural)
unser (first-person neuter plural)
unsre (first-person plural)
unsere (first-person plural)
euer (masculine plural second-person)
eure (feminine plural second-person)
euer (neuter plural second-person)
eure (plural second-person)
ihr (masculine plural third-person)
ihre (feminine plural third-person)
ihr (neuter plural third-person)
ihre (plural third-person)
Ihr (formal masculine second-person)
Ihre (feminine formal second-person)
Ihr (formal neuter second-person)
Ihre (formal plural second-person)

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“his own, her own, its own, their own”) (a reflexive possessive), from genitive of Proto-Indo-European *swé with denominative suffix Proto-Indo-European *-nós, equivalent to the genitive form of *se-.
Cognate with Low German sien (“his, its”), Dutch zijn (“his, its”), Danish sin (“his, her, its, their”), Old English sīn (“his, its”).

syn

frühneuhochdeutsch, for example used by the following authors: Sebastian Brant, Das Narrenschiff, 1494; Jacob Ruff, Adam und Heva

Daniel schickt seiner Schwester eine SMS.

Der Kater spielt oft mit seinen Spielsachen.

der Mond und sein Licht

das Schaf und seine Lämmer

its (agreeing with a masculine or neuter noun)

Der kostet so seine zweihundert Euro.

That one costs around two hundred euros.

(informal) Used to express an approximate number, often with so.

Man muss seinem Herzen folgen.


sein

mein (accusative first-person masculine nominative possessive singular)
mein (accusative feminine first-person nominative possessive singular)
mein (accusative first-person neuter nominative possessive singular)
mein (accusative first-person nominative possessive singular)
meine (accusative first-person nominative possessive singular)
meim (dative first-person masculine possessive singular)
meiner (dative feminine first-person possessive singular)
meim (dative first-person neuter possessive singular)
meine (dative first-person possessive singular)
dein (accusative masculine nominative possessive second-person singular)
dein (accusative feminine nominative possessive second-person singular)
dein (accusative neuter nominative possessive second-person singular)
dein (accusative nominative possessive second-person singular)
deine (accusative nominative possessive second-person singular)
deim (dative masculine possessive second-person singular)
deiner (dative feminine possessive second-person singular)
deim (dative neuter possessive second-person singular)
deine (dative possessive second-person singular)
sein (accusative masculine nominative possessive singular third-person)
sein (accusative feminine nominative possessive singular third-person)
sein (accusative neuter nominative possessive singular third-person)
sein (accusative nominative possessive singular third-person)
seine (accusative nominative possessive singular third-person)
seim (dative masculine possessive singular third-person)
seiner (dative feminine possessive singular third-person)
seim (dative neuter possessive singular third-person)
seine (dative possessive singular third-person)
eere (accusative masculine nominative possessive singular third-person)
eere (accusative feminine nominative possessive singular third-person)
eere (accusative neuter nominative possessive singular third-person)
eere (accusative nominative possessive singular third-person)
eerem (dative masculine possessive singular third-person)
eerer (dative feminine possessive singular third-person)
eerem (dative neuter possessive singular third-person)
eere (dative possessive singular third-person)
unser (accusative first-person masculine nominative plural possessive)
unser (accusative feminine first-person nominative plural possessive)
unser (accusative first-person neuter nominative plural possessive)
unser (accusative first-person nominative plural possessive)
unsre (accusative first-person nominative plural possessive)
unsrem (dative first-person masculine plural possessive)
unsrer (dative feminine first-person plural possessive)
unsrem (dative first-person neuter plural possessive)
unsre (dative first-person plural possessive)
eier (accusative masculine nominative plural possessive second-person)
eier (accusative feminine nominative plural possessive second-person)
eier (accusative neuter nominative plural possessive second-person)
eier (accusative nominative plural possessive second-person)
eire (accusative nominative plural possessive second-person)
eirem (dative masculine plural possessive second-person)
eirer (dative feminine plural possessive second-person)
eirem (dative neuter plural possessive second-person)
eire (dative plural possessive second-person)
eere (accusative masculine nominative plural possessive third-person)
eere (accusative feminine nominative plural possessive third-person)
eere (accusative neuter nominative plural possessive third-person)
eere (accusative nominative plural possessive third-person)
eerem (dative masculine plural possessive third-person)
eerer (dative feminine plural possessive third-person)
eerem (dative neuter plural possessive third-person)
eere (dative plural possessive third-person)

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his”). Cognate with German sein.

its (agreeing with a neuter or masculine noun)


theses

genitive masculine/neuter singular of these


mehr

From Middle High German mēre, from Old High German mēro, from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *maizô, from Proto-Indo-European *mē- (“many”). See English more for more.

Willst du mehr Essen?

mit mehr oder weniger Erfolg

with a greater or lesser degree of success

Ich habe mehr Haare als du.

zwei Kilo mehr


si

si (accusative masculine nominative singular)

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, West Frisian syn, Icelandic sinn.


si

head

si (masculine senge or singe, feminine and plural seng or sing)

senge (masculine)
singe (masculine)
seng (feminine plural)
sing (feminine plural)

Wo hät e dann si Jlas henjestallt?

(Ripuarian) his, its (third-person masculine and neuter possessive)


je

ik (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed subjective)
'k (first-person personal pronoun singular subjective unstressed)
mij (first-person objective personal pronoun singular stressed)
me (first-person objective personal pronoun singular unstressed)
mijn (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular stressed)
m'n (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular unstressed)
mijne (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun)
me (first-person personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
mijner (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
mijns (archaic first-person genitive personal predicative pronoun)
jij (personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
je (personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
jou (objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (objective personal pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouw (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
je (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular unstressed)
jouwe (personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
je (personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
jouwer (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
jouws (archaic genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
ge (archaic dialectal personal pronoun second-person singular subjective unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal pronoun second-person singular stressed subjective)
u (formal objective personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uw (formal personal possessive pronoun second-person singular stressed)
uwe (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal predicative pronoun second-person)
hij (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ie (masculine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
hem (masculine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
'm (masculine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (masculine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (masculine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive masculine personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zij (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
ze (feminine personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
haar (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
h'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
d'r (feminine personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
hare (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (feminine personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
harer (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
haars (archaic feminine genitive personal predicative pronoun third-person)
het (neuter personal pronoun singular stressed subjective third-person)
't (neuter personal pronoun singular subjective third-person unstressed)
het (neuter objective personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
't (neuter objective personal pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijn (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular stressed third-person)
z'n (neuter personal possessive pronoun singular third-person unstressed)
zijne (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (neuter personal possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
zijner (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
zijns (archaic genitive neuter personal predicative pronoun third-person)
wij (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
we (first-person personal plural pronoun unstressed)
ons (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
onze (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun)
ons (first-person personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive)
onzer (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
onzes (archaic first-person genitive personal plural predicative pronoun)
jullie (personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
je (personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
je (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
gij (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ge (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person unstressed)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (archaic dialectal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
u (archaic dialectal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic dialectal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
u (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uw (formal personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
uwe (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun second-person)
zich (formal personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive second-person)
uwer (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
uws (archaic formal genitive personal plural predicative pronoun second-person)
zij (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
ze (personal plural pronoun third-person unstressed)
hen (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hun (personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
hunne (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun third-person)
zich (personal plural possessive predicative pronoun reflexive third-person)
hunner (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)
huns (archaic genitive personal plural predicative pronoun third-person)

Neem je boek en maak die oefening.

possessive unstressed form of jij (“you (singular)”): your (singular)

Neem je boeken en maak die oefening.

possessive unstressed form of jullie (“you (plural), y'all”): your (plural), y'all's


seine

inflection of sein:
nominative/accusative feminine singular

inflection of sein:
nominative/accusative plural


aal

di daag iit aal di fuud


aal

From Old Frisian all, from Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognates include West Frisian al and German all.


aal

An vish aal vellas wi a deel.

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 7:

Thaar's no own aal to taak uz thaar.

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 10:

But aal a bys do leigh an praat,

1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, line 14:

Aal haar, an wi eyen lik torches o tar?"

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 10:

"All hair, and with eyes like torches of tar,"

An aal their vrienes had a graat spree.

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 4:

And aal their friends had a great spree.

"Gud bless thee mee gurles," hay zaid, "own an aal."

1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 133, line 7:

"God bless you, my children," he said, "one and all."


least

From Middle English leste, lest, last, from Old English lǣst, a contraction of læsast, læsest, lærest (“least”), from Proto-Germanic *laisistaz (“smallest; least”), related to Old English læs (“less”). Cognate with Old Frisian leist, Old Saxon lēs. More at less.

inh

He earns the least money in his family. Of all the sisters, she has the least patience. I can only afford to pay the least of the bills. I'm giving (the) least of all towards her present.

The least water we could find there was 4 fathoms, which bears from the point S.E., and is distant 1½ mile.

1857, Edmund March Blunt, The American Coast Pilot: Containing Directions for the Principal Harbors, E. & G.W. Blunt, page 135:

To have demolished and rebuilt the walls, would have been a very costly expedient, and as the least of two evils, the painter's brush was resorted to; here and there however, above some of the windows, the black wreathings of the smoke are still discernible through the white covering.

“Well,” I says, “I cal'late a body could get used to Tophet if he stayed there long enough.” ¶ She flared up; the least mite of a slam at Doctor Wool was enough to set her going.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

Charles had not been employed above six months at Darracott Place, but he was not such a whopstraw as to make the least noise in the performance of his duties when his lordship was out of humour.

1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

Comparison of the four bogie designs shows that the Rugby-built A.E.I. bogie has the least number of components and a minimum of metallic wearing surfaces.

1960 December, “The first hundred 25 kV a.c. electric locomotives for B.R.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 727:

Light does not need to know in advance which is the path of least time because it takes all paths from its source to its destination.

2004, Jim Baggott, Beyond Measure: Modern Physics, Philosophy, and the Meaning of Quantum Theory, Oxford University Press, page 48:

The most little; the smallest amount or quantity of something.


bar

Obsolete form of paar (“a few, couple”).


net

From Finnish ne, from Proto-Finnic *nek. Cognates include Meänkieli net.


dein

head

dein m (feminine deine, neuter dein, plural deine)

deine (feminine)
dein (neuter)
deine (plural)
dein (masculine nominative)
deine (feminine nominative)
dein (neuter nominative)
deine (nominative plural)
deines (genitive masculine)
deiner (feminine genitive)
deines (genitive neuter)
deiner (genitive plural)
deinem (dative masculine)
deiner (dative feminine)
deinem (dative neuter)
deinen (dative plural)
deinen (accusative masculine)
deine (accusative feminine)
dein (accusative neuter)
deine (accusative plural)

From Middle High German dīn, from Old High German dīn. Akin to Old Saxon thīn, English thine, thy.

thy, your (esp. to friends, relatives, children, etc.).

Ihr

your; addressing formally or politely one or more persons


dein

nominative/accusative neuter singular of dein


dein

From Middle High German dīn, from Old High German dīn, from Proto-West Germanic *þīn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz.

Dein Hund un dein Katz.

Gebb das deiner Mutter.


neen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


neen

(Northern Scots and Shetland) Alternative form of nane


ky

ky (masculine nominative singular)
kjo (feminine nominative singular)
këta (masculine nominative plural)
këto (feminine nominative plural)
këtë (accusative masculine singular)
këtë (accusative feminine singular)
këta (accusative masculine plural)
këto (accusative feminine plural)
këtij (ablative dative genitive masculine singular)
kësaj (ablative dative feminine genitive singular)
këtyre (ablative dative genitive masculine plural)
këtyre (ablative dative feminine genitive plural)

From Proto-Albanian *ka-ei, based on a pronominal element *ka and a demonstrative (see ai).

Ky është libri im. — Ky libër është imi.


yi

possessive determiner
possessive determiner#English

3rd person singular possessive determiner


yi

(chiefly Northern and northern East Midland dialectal) Alternative form of þi (“thy”)


main

main (plural)
maindar (masculine)
maina (feminine)
maines (neuter)
maine (plural)

From Middle High German mīn, form Old High German mīn, from Proto-West Germanic *mīn, from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”). Cognate with German mein, English mine.

De main muutar ist noch jung.

An zun bon maindarn ghéet noch suul.

My son still goes to school. (literally, “A son of mine still goes to school.”)

Maina muutar!

De khua ist main.


keen

From Middle High German (en) kein, from nechein, from Old High German nehhein. Cognate with German kein, Dutch geen.

Ich hann keen Belder. / Belder hann ich er keen.

(most of Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) no, not a, not any


dem

What are dem fings doing ’ere?

Nonstandard form of them. (in the sense of "those")

Chillin' wiv da man dem
Jammin' wiv da man dem
It's all good in the hood wiv da man dem

2009, Dizzee Rascal, Chillin' Wiv Da Man Dem:

I’ve got my peeps dem with me shouting pull up your socks,
Cos we just broke the law and now we're running from cops.

(Caribbean, Jamaica, MLE, slang) (clitic, suffix) A group of.


nach

nach (masculine nominative)
nach (feminine nominative)
nacha (nominative plural)
nach (accusative masculine)
nach (accusative feminine)
nacha (accusative plural)
nach (genitive masculine)
naich (genitive masculine)
nacha (feminine genitive)
nach (genitive neuter)
nach (dative masculine)
nach (dative feminine neuter)
nach (dative plural)

From Proto-Celtic *nekʷos (“someone, something”); compare nech (“someone”). Cognate with Welsh neb.

inh

it essamnu de ar ro·fitetar is ar nach n-indocbáil móir fo·daimim-se inso

i.e. they are the more fearless, for they know that it is for some great glory that I endure this

In tan imme·romastar són nach noíb, ara cuintea dílgud Dé isind aimsir sin.

That is, when any saint sins, that he may seek the forgiveness of God at that time.

Nach torbatu coitchenn ro·boí indib fri dénum n-uilc, at·rubalt tar hǽsi á pectha.

Any common advantage that had been in them for doing evil, it has perished for their sin.


less

Adverb From Middle English les, lesse, leasse, lasse, from Old English lǣs (“smaller, less”), from Proto-Germanic *laisiz, from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to shrink, grow thin, be gentle”). Cognate with Old Frisian lēs (“less”), Old Saxon lēs (“less”). According to Kroonen (2013), from a northern Indo-European root Proto-Indo-European *leh₂is- or *leh₃is-, which he connects to Lithuanian liesas (“lean”).
Determiner and preposition from Middle English lees, lesse, leasse, lasse, from Old English lǣssa (“less”), from Proto-Germanic *laisizan-, from Proto-Germanic *laisiz (“smaller, lesser, fewer, lower”) (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian lessa (“less”).
Verb from Middle English lessen, from the determiner.
Noun from Middle English lesse, from the determiner.

der

Those Rattels are somewhat like the chape of a Rapier, but lesse, which they take from the taile of a snake.

1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, Kupperman, published 1988, page 141:

We are likewise ready to maintain with the hazard of all that is near and dear to us, that six is less than seven in all times and all places […].

It is also easy to see that the straight line, representing the locus of centres of buoyancy for a rectangular section, must lie at a less inclination to the base (i.e., to the horizontal) than a line representing the locus of such centres for a parabolic section […]

1885, Edward James Reed, A Treatise on the Stability of Ships:

(Now chiefly of numbers or dimensions) comparative form of little: more little; of inferior size, degree or extent; smaller, lesser.

little

No less than eight pints of beer.

I have less tea than coffee.

You have even less sense than an inanimate object.

Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.

2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:

There are less people here now.

Now there are three less green bottles hanging on the wall.

... on his land he will have less manure, less corn, and less people; ...

1681, John Houghton, A Collection For the Improvement of Husbandry and Trade, page 263:

This is not a happy situation as far as the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes is concerned because it means less jobs for the union's members here at home.

1952 September 7, Thomas M Pryor, New York Times:

No less than four standard-bearers went before them, carrying huge crimson banners emblazoned with the golden lion.

1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 555:

Although my hosts, G S Aviation, can teach you to fly in Wiltshire, an intensive week at their French airfield means less problems with the weather, cheap but good living, and complete removal from any distractions.

2003 December 16, Timandra Harkness, The Guardian:

(proscribed) Fewer; a smaller number of.


sum

sum (masculine nominative singular)
sumu (feminine nominative singular)
sum (neuter nominative singular)
sumanā (accusative masculine singular)
sumā (accusative feminine singular)
sum (accusative neuter singular)
sumas (genitive masculine singular)
sumeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
sumas (genitive neuter singular)
sumumē (dative masculine singular)
sumeʀē (dative feminine singular)
sumumē (dative neuter singular)
sumu (instrumental masculine singular)
sumeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
sumu (instrumental neuter singular)
sumē (masculine nominative plural)
sumō (feminine nominative plural)
sumu (neuter nominative plural)
sumā (accusative masculine plural)
sumā (accusative feminine plural)
sumu (accusative neuter plural)
sumeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
sumeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
sumeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
sumēm (dative masculine plural)
sumum (dative masculine plural)
sumēm (dative feminine plural)
sumum (dative feminine plural)
sumēm (dative neuter plural)
sumum (dative neuter plural)
sumēm (instrumental masculine plural)
sumum (instrumental masculine plural)
sumēm (feminine instrumental plural)
sumum (feminine instrumental plural)
sumēm (instrumental neuter plural)
sumum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: sum
Middle English: som, somme, summe, zome (Kent)
English: some
Scots: sum, some
Yola: zim, zum

Old Frisian: sum

North Frisian: som, sam, säm

West Frisian: sume, sum

Old Saxon: sum
Middle Low German: som
Low German: sum

Old Dutch: sum

Middle Dutch: som
Dutch: som, saom (dialectal)
Limburgish: zóm

Old High German: sum

Middle High German: sum


via

eo-det

via (accusative singular vian, plural viaj, accusative plural viajn)

vian (accusative singular)
viaj (plural)
viajn (accusative plural)


ty

(chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of þi (“thy”)


head

na (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Aphetic form of inna (“in his/her/its/their”)


neuter nominative/accusative singular of nach (“any”)


From Middle English na, no, from nan (“none”), from Old English nān. Cognates include English no and Scots nae.

T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

To break up the goal they had not power;

Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.

1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:

no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.

Vear'd nodhing mot Portheare. Na skeine e'er ee-waare.

I feared nothing but Porter. No skein I ever wore.


more

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

non-rhotic, dough-door merger, African-American Vernacular

From Middle English more, from Old English māra (“more”), from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *maizô (“more”), from Proto-Indo-European *mē- (“many”).
Cognate with Scots mair (“more”), Saterland Frisian moor (“more”), West Frisian mear (“more”), Dutch meer (“more”), Low German mehr (“more”), German mehr (“more”), Danish mere (“more”), Swedish mera (“more”), Norwegian Bokmål mer (“more”), Norwegian Nynorsk meir (“more”), Icelandic meiri, meira (“more”).

have got more chins than a Chinese phone book

have got more chins than a Chinese phonebook

have more chins than a Chinese phone book

have more chins than a Chinese phonebook

more than someone has had cooked dinners

one hair of a woman can draw more than a hundred pair of oxen

there are more horses' asses than horses

there's more than one way to cook an egg

there's more than one way to crack an egg

there's more than one way to peel an orange

you attract more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you get more with a kind word and a gun than you do with a kind word alone

There are more ways to do this than I can count.

One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.

2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:

comparative degree of many: in greater number. (Used for a discrete quantity.)

many

There's more caffeine in my coffee than in the coffee you get in most places.

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–3:

comparative degree of much: in greater quantity, amount, or proportion. (Used for a continuous quantity.)

much

If you run out, there are more bandages in the first aid cupboard.

More people are arriving.

I want more soup.

I need more time.

He is more than the ten years he spent behind bars at our local prison, as he is a changed man and his past does not define him.


more

English: more

Geordie English: mair

Scots: mair

Yola: mo', more

Inherited from Old English māra, from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *maizô.

Now is þ[er] ony ſeyde Marlyon that ye love more than a noþ[er] ·

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 10–11:


vos

Inherited from Old French vos, from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).

inh

Vos parents sont très gentils.

1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel

For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man


ton

head

ton m (feminine ta, masculine plural tos, feminine plural tes)

ta (feminine)
tos (masculine plural)
tes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Catalan ton, from Vulgar Latin *tum, reduced form of Latin tuum, from Proto-Italic *towos. Compare Occitan and French ton.
In unstressed position in Vulgar Latin tuum, tuam etc. were monosyllabic and regularly became ton, ta etc. in Catalan. When stressed they were disyllabic and became teu, tua > teua etc.


ton

frp-det

ton (feminine ta, masculine plural tos or tes, feminine plural tes)

ta (feminine)
tos (masculine plural)
tes (masculine plural)
tes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *tum. Doublet of tin (possessive pronoun).

your (second-personal singular possessor)


ton

Inherited from Old French ton, tos, from Latin tuus.

Tu as pensé à prendre ton livre ?

Ton écriture est jolie.

J’aime beaucoup ton manteau.


ton

French: ton

your (second-person singular possessive)


tom

locative masculine/neuter singular of ten


oor

From Middle English oure, from Old English ūre, from Proto-West Germanic *unsar.

Sank Joan is oor brover.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 28:

Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.

Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

If we had any luck, our name would have been sung


esse

pt-det

esse (feminine essa, masculine plural esses, feminine plural essas)

essa (feminine)
esses (masculine plural)
essas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese esse, from Latin ipse (“himself”).

Esse chapéu está limpo?

Esse livro é muito bom.


nessuno

it-det

nessuno (feminine nessuna, no plural, superlative nessunissimo)

nessuna (feminine)
nessunissimo (superlative)

From Latin nē (“not”) + ipse (emphatic, literally “himself”) + ūnus (“one”), meaning “not even one”. Cognate with Neapolitan nisciuno, Sardinian nisciunu, Friulian nissun, Ligurian nisciǜn, and Old French neisune. Compare Spanish ninguno and Romanian niciun.


chest

head

chest m (feminine singular chesta, masculine plural chestj, feminine plural cheste)

chesta (feminine singular)
chestj (masculine plural)
cheste (feminine plural)

From Vulgar Latin *eccum iste, from Latin eccum (deictic) + iste (“that”).


same

From Old Norse sami. Akin to English same.

Eg er framleis den same.

Det er det same for meg.

Same kva som skjer […]


moor

From Old Frisian māra, from Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō. Cognates include West Frisian mear and German mehr.


dik

Dik il-mara hija l-oħt tal-omm tiegħu.


adequate

Latin adaequātus, past participle of adaequō (“to make equal to”); ad + aequō (“to make equal”), from aequus (“equal”).

We have adequate money for the journey.


nos

From Old French noz, probably from Latin nostros.

Nos enfants nous rendent souvent visite.


som

Kyrgyzstani som
Som (currency)
Uzbekistani sum


som

som (masculine nominative)
somme (feminine nominative)
som (neuter nominative)
somme (nominative plural)
sommen (accusative masculine)
somme (accusative feminine)
som (accusative neuter)
somme (accusative plural)
soms (genitive masculine)
sommer (feminine genitive)
soms (genitive neuter)
sommer (genitive plural)
sommen (dative masculine)
sommer (dative feminine)
sommen (dative neuter)
sommen (dative plural)

Dutch: som, saom (dialectal)

Limburgish: zóm

From Old Dutch sum, from Proto-West Germanic *sum, from Proto-Germanic *sumaz.


jam

From Old Frisian jī. Cognate with West Frisian jimme.


más

Inherited from Latin magis, whence also English master.


ken

ken (masculine nominative)
kee (masculine nominative)
ken (feminine nominative)
kee (feminine nominative)
ken (neuter nominative)
kee (neuter nominative)
ken (nominative plural)
kee (nominative plural)
kem (dative masculine)
kenre (dative feminine)
kem (dative neuter)
ken (dative plural)
ken (accusative masculine)
kee (accusative masculine)
ken (accusative feminine)
kee (accusative feminine)
ken (accusative neuter)
kee (accusative neuter)
ken (accusative plural)
kee (accusative plural)

From Middle High German nechein, from Old High German nihein. Compare German kein, Dutch geen.


mos

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *mōs, reduced form of Latin meōs.


dom

Univerbation of do (“to, for”) + mo (“my”)


ample

From late Middle English ample, from Middle French ample, from Latin amplus (“large”).

We have ample time to finish the task.

It is a large house with ample space for all of us.

A fully sufficient or abundant quantity of; enough or more than enough.

We don't need any more. We already have ample.

(as pronoun) A quantity (of something) that is fully sufficient; plenty.


akin

From Proto-Austronesian *akən (“1sg oblique”).


nei

First-person singular possessive; my (used with a special class of objects including living things)


nei

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *nei. Cognates include Hawaiian nei and Samoan nei.


den

inflection of dèar:
accusative singular masculine


den

deen (accusative masculine nominative)
den (accusative masculine nominative)
déi (d') (accusative feminine nominative)
dat (d') (accusative neuter nominative)
déi (d') (accusative nominative plural)
deem (masculine)
dem (masculine)
där (feminine)
der (feminine)
deem (neuter)
dem (neuter)
deen (plural)
den (plural)
der (feminine genitive)


den

head

den m or f (neuter singular det, plural dei)

From Old Norse þann, þenn, masculine accusative singular of sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Eg vil ha den bilen.


yin

your (second-person plural or honorific possessive pronoun)


yksi

From Proto-Finnic *ükci, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ükte. Cognates include Estonian üks, Northern Sami okta, Erzya вейке (vejke) and Udmurt одӥг (odig).

yksi ja toinen

one (first mentioned of two things or people)

yks mies käveli tost ohi

(colloquial) a/an, some (as a kind of indefinite article)


gene

Dutch: geen

From Old Dutch *gēn, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz.


da

Da leta ya a kom fram mi, di elda — tu mi speshal fren, Gaiyos. Mi fren, mi riili riili lov yu.

2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 3 Jan 1:1:

This letter comes from the elder to Gaius, my dear friend, whom I love in the truth.

An da nyuuz de pred aal uova da ieriya de.

2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 9:26:

News of what happened spread throughout that region.


양

the hanja entry at 兩 for Sino-Korean compounds of 양


toinen

toinen (nominative singular)
toiset (nominative plural)
toinen (accusative nominative singular)
toiset (accusative nominative plural)
toisen (accusative genitive singular)
toiset (accusative genitive plural)
toisen (genitive singular)
toisten (genitive plural)
toisien (genitive plural)
toista (partitive singular)
toisia (partitive plural)
toisessa (inessive singular)
toisissa (inessive plural)
toisesta (elative singular)
toisista (elative plural)
toiseen (illative singular)
toisiin (illative plural)
toisella (adessive singular)
toisilla (adessive plural)
toiselta (ablative singular)
toisilta (ablative plural)
toiselle (allative singular)
toisille (allative plural)
toisena (essive singular)
toisina (essive plural)
toiseksi (singular translative)
toisiksi (plural translative)
toisetta (abessive singular)
toisitta (abessive plural)
toisin (instructive plural)
toisine (comitative plural)
toiseni (nominative singular)
toiseni (nominative plural)
toiseni (accusative nominative singular)
toiseni (accusative nominative plural)
toiseni (accusative genitive singular)
toiseni (accusative genitive plural)
toiseni (genitive singular)
toisteni (genitive plural)
toisieni (genitive plural)
toistani (partitive singular)
toisiani (partitive plural)
toisessani (inessive singular)
toisissani (inessive plural)
toisestani (elative singular)
toisistani (elative plural)
toiseeni (illative singular)
toisiini (illative plural)
toisellani (adessive singular)
toisillani (adessive plural)
toiseltani (ablative singular)
toisiltani (ablative plural)
toiselleni (allative singular)
toisilleni (allative plural)
toisenani (essive singular)
toisinani (essive plural)
toisekseni (singular translative)
toisikseni (plural translative)
toisettani (abessive singular)
toisittani (abessive plural)
toisineni (comitative plural)
toisesi (nominative singular)
toisesi (nominative plural)
toisesi (accusative nominative singular)
toisesi (accusative nominative plural)
toisesi (accusative genitive singular)
toisesi (accusative genitive plural)
toisesi (genitive singular)
toistesi (genitive plural)
toisiesi (genitive plural)
toistasi (partitive singular)
toisiasi (partitive plural)
toisessasi (inessive singular)
toisissasi (inessive plural)
toisestasi (elative singular)
toisistasi (elative plural)
toiseesi (illative singular)
toisiisi (illative plural)
toisellasi (adessive singular)
toisillasi (adessive plural)
toiseltasi (ablative singular)
toisiltasi (ablative plural)
toisellesi (allative singular)
toisillesi (allative plural)
toisenasi (essive singular)
toisinasi (essive plural)
toiseksesi (singular translative)
toisiksesi (plural translative)
toisettasi (abessive singular)
toisittasi (abessive plural)
toisinesi (comitative plural)
toisemme (nominative singular)
toisemme (nominative plural)
toisemme (accusative nominative singular)
toisemme (accusative nominative plural)
toisemme (accusative genitive singular)
toisemme (accusative genitive plural)
toisemme (genitive singular)
toistemme (genitive plural)
toisiemme (genitive plural)
toistamme (partitive singular)
toisiamme (partitive plural)
toisessamme (inessive singular)
toisissamme (inessive plural)
toisestamme (elative singular)
toisistamme (elative plural)
toiseemme (illative singular)
toisiimme (illative plural)
toisellamme (adessive singular)
toisillamme (adessive plural)
toiseltamme (ablative singular)
toisiltamme (ablative plural)
toisellemme (allative singular)
toisillemme (allative plural)
toisenamme (essive singular)
toisinamme (essive plural)
toiseksemme (singular translative)
toisiksemme (plural translative)
toisettamme (abessive singular)
toisittamme (abessive plural)
toisinemme (comitative plural)
toisenne (nominative singular)
toisenne (nominative plural)
toisenne (accusative nominative singular)
toisenne (accusative nominative plural)
toisenne (accusative genitive singular)
toisenne (accusative genitive plural)
toisenne (genitive singular)
toistenne (genitive plural)
toisienne (genitive plural)
toistanne (partitive singular)
toisianne (partitive plural)
toisessanne (inessive singular)
toisissanne (inessive plural)
toisestanne (elative singular)
toisistanne (elative plural)
toiseenne (illative singular)
toisiinne (illative plural)
toisellanne (adessive singular)
toisillanne (adessive plural)
toiseltanne (ablative singular)
toisiltanne (ablative plural)
toisellenne (allative singular)
toisillenne (allative plural)
toisenanne (essive singular)
toisinanne (essive plural)
toiseksenne (singular translative)
toisiksenne (plural translative)
toisettanne (abessive singular)
toisittanne (abessive plural)
toisinenne (comitative plural)
toisensa (nominative singular)
toisensa (nominative plural)
toisensa (accusative nominative singular)
toisensa (accusative nominative plural)
toisensa (accusative genitive singular)
toisensa (accusative genitive plural)
toisensa (genitive singular)
toistensa (genitive plural)
toisiensa (genitive plural)
toistaan (partitive singular)
toistansa (partitive singular)
toisiaan (partitive plural)
toisiansa (partitive plural)
toisessaan (inessive singular)
toisessansa (inessive singular)
toisissaan (inessive plural)
toisissansa (inessive plural)
toisestaan (elative singular)
toisestansa (elative singular)
toisistaan (elative plural)
toisistansa (elative plural)
toiseensa (illative singular)
toisiinsa (illative plural)
toisellaan (adessive singular)
toisellansa (adessive singular)
toisillaan (adessive plural)
toisillansa (adessive plural)
toiseltaan (ablative singular)
toiseltansa (ablative singular)
toisiltaan (ablative plural)
toisiltansa (ablative plural)
toiselleen (allative singular)
toisellensa (allative singular)
toisilleen (allative plural)
toisillensa (allative plural)
toisenaan (essive singular)
toisenansa (essive singular)
toisinaan (essive plural)
toisinansa (essive plural)
toisekseen (singular translative)
toiseksensa (singular translative)
toisikseen (plural translative)
toisiksensa (plural translative)
toisettaan (abessive singular)
toisettansa (abessive singular)
toisittaan (abessive plural)
toisittansa (abessive plural)
toisineen (comitative plural)
toisinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *toinën. Equivalent to tuo (“that”) + -inen.


another

Jamaican Creole: anedda

From Middle English another. By surface analysis, an + other.

one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter

one man's trash is another man's treasure

one woman's trash is another woman's treasure

Yes, I'd like another slice of cake, thanks.

Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor;[…].

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:

Furthermore, this increase in risk is comparable to the risk of death from leukemia after long-term exposure to benzene, another solvent, which has the well-known property of causing this type of cancer.

2013 July-August, Philip J. Bushnell, “Solvents, Ethanol, Car Crashes & Tolerance”, in American Scientist:

One more further, in addition to the quantity by then; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.

آخَر

one more, in addition to a former number

Do you know another way to do this job?

From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

But that is another story and will be told another time.

1979, Micheal Ende, The Neverending Story, →ISBN, page 53:

In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

One gold ingot is valued the same as another, but gemstones are valued individually.

Any or some other, similar in likeness or in effect, instead.


every

Sranan Tongo: ibri

Inherited from Middle English every, everich, eaver-euch, averiche, aver alche, ever ælche, from Old English ǣfre ǣlċ, ǣfre ǣġhwelċ (“each and every”). By surface analysis, ever + each or ever + which.

at church every time the doors swing open

behind every great man there stands a woman

behind every successful man there stands a woman

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every now and then

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every once in a while

every day of the week and twice on Sundays

every man is the architect of his own fortune

every miller draws water to his own mill

fall out of the ugly tree and hit every branch

you cannot put the same shoe on every foot

Every person in the room stood and cheered.

At half-past nine on this Saturday evening, the parlour of the Salutation Inn, High Holborn, contained most of its customary visitors.[…]In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass.

1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:

All of a countable group (considered individually), without exception.

We stopped for refreshments every ten miles.

The alarm is going off every few minutes.

Every third bead was red, and the rest were blue. The sequence was thus red, blue, blue, red, blue, blue etc.

Decimation originally meant the execution of every tenth soldier in a unit; that is, ten per cent of soldiers were killed.

Denotes equal spacing at a stated interval, or a proportion corresponding to such a spacing.

We wish you every happiness in the future.

I have every confidence in him.

There is every reason why we should not go.

The police will make every effort to trace the missing girl.

(with certain nouns) Denotes an abundance of something.


kaki

kaki (masculine nominative singular)
kaka (feminine nominative singular)
kake (neuter nominative singular)
kakej (dual nominative)
kake (nominative plural)
kakego (genitive masculine singular)
kakeje (feminine genitive singular)
kakego (genitive neuter singular)
kakeju (dual genitive)
kakich (genitive plural)
kakemu (dative masculine singular)
kakej (dative feminine singular)
kakemu (dative neuter singular)
kakima (dative dual)
kakim (dative plural)
kaki (accusative masculine singular)
kakego (accusative animate masculine singular)
kaku (accusative feminine singular)
kake (accusative neuter singular)
kakej (accusative dual)
kakeju (accusative animate dual)
kake (accusative plural)
kakich (optional animate form) (accusative plural)
kakim (instrumental masculine singular)
kakeju (feminine instrumental singular)
kakim (instrumental neuter singular)
kakima (dual instrumental)
kakimi (instrumental plural)
kakem (locative masculine singular)
kakej (feminine locative singular)
kakem (locative neuter singular)
kakima (dual locative)
kakich (locative plural)


nanti

Borrowing from Sabir nanti, from Italian niente, from Latin ne gentem (“no person, no one”), nec entem, ne entem or ne inde.

There was no clown for the pantomime, for he had disappointed us, and of course they couldn't get on without one; so, to keep the concern going, old Johnson, who know I was a good tumbler, came up to me, and said 'he had nanti vampo, and your nabs must fake it;' which means,—We have no clown, and you must do it.

1851, Henry Mayhew, “Our Street Folk”, in London Labour and the London Poor, volume 3, published 1861, The Canvas Clown, page 126:

She's with the trade your mother charvaed yesterday. Some omees have nanti taste!

2004, Paul Baker, Fantabulosa: A Dictionary of Polari and Gay Slang:

I can't see that over his heaving thews and bulging lallies!¶ Of course he's nanti riah, but with a basket like that, who cares about his eek?

2012 January 10, Karis, “Gareth's bright blue outfit”, in Big Brother Forum (Digital Spy):


ever

From Middle English ever, from Old English ǣfre, originally a phrase whose first element undoubtedly consists of Old English ā (“ever, always”) + in (“in”) + an element possibly from feorh (“life, existence”) (dative fēore). Compare Old English ā tō fēore (“ever in life”), Old English feorhlīf (“life”).

"Ever place you look there's houses and more houses."

1989, Connie Jordan Green, The War at Home, page 16:

Queen Anne's lace ever place you look.

A sign at the entrance to the road going up Snake Hollow reads, “Snake Hollow is a wonderful place to be, Ever place you look there is a beautiful green tree. Snake Hollow makes you feel alive and free.” Lets keep it that way, for you and me.

2011, Michael Blair, Nub and Bow in History, page 27:

(dialectal and informal) Shortening of every


dier

De verdachte heeft zich samen met een vriend, haar dochter en dier vriend schuldig gemaakt aan de moord op haar echtgenoot … (from a verdict of the Court of Justice at 's-Gravenhage, 2011 http://jure.nl/bq6330)

The accused (woman) is guilty of having murdered her husband in cooperation with a friend, her daughter and the latter's friend …

(demonstrative) her, their, the latter's (genitive feminine singular and genitive plural of die)


dier

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of die:
feminine genitive/dative singular


ony

Now is þ[er] ony ſeyde Marlyon that ye love more than a noþ[er] ·

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[The Tale of King Arthur]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 35, recto, lines 10–11:


plenty

From Middle English plentie, plentee, plente, from Anglo-Norman plenté, from Old French plenté, from Latin plenitatem, accusative of plenitas (“fullness”), from plenus (“complete, full”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”), from which English full also comes, via Proto-Germanic. Related to the Latin derivatives complete, deplete, replete.

There'll be plenty time later for that

Get a manicure. Plenty men do it.


little

head

little (comparative less, superlative least)

From Middle English litel, from Old English lyttel, lȳtel, from Proto-West Germanic *lūtil, from Proto-Germanic *lūtilaz (“tending to stoop, crouched, little”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewd- (“to bend, bent, small”), equivalent to lout + -le. Cognate with Dutch luttel, regional German lütt and lützel, Saterland Frisian litje, West Frisian lyts, Low German lütt, lüttje. Related also to Old English lūtan (“to bow, bend low”); and perhaps to Old English lytiġ (“deceitful”), Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃 (liuts, “deceitful”), 𐌻𐌿𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lutjan, “to deceive”); compare also Icelandic lítill (“little”), Faroese lítil, Swedish liten, Danish liden, lille, Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻𐍃 (leitils), which appear to have a different root vowel. More at lout.

der

There is (very) little water left.

We had very little to do.

Across Japan, technology companies and private investors are racing to install devices that until recently they had little interest in: solar panels. Massive solar parks are popping up as part of a rapid build-up that one developer likened to an “explosion.”

2013 June 21, Chico Harlan, “Japan pockets the subsidy …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 30:

Not much, only a little: only a small amount (of).


zum

Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX:

[Why didn't you come to us on some other day?]


dan

From Arabic ذَا (ḏā, “this, that”). The paragogic -n probably spread from the plural, where it originated by analogy with hawn (“here”) and/or with the plural ending -in (compare Algerian Arabic هادون (hādūn) alongside هادو (hādū)). Some earlier scholars instead suspected a connection with Aramaic דנה (dənā, “this, that”), but this was based on the widely obsolete theory of a Punic substratum in Maltese.


ona

From Proto-Polynesian *o-na. Cognates include Hawaiian ona and Samoan ona.

Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.

1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau], page 1:

This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and [if] they live together in peace and happiness.


ona

-ona (canonical)
nyeena (first-person singular)
itwena (first-person plural)
weena (second-person singular)
inywena (plural second-person)
weena (singular third-person)
boona (plural third-person)
gwona (singular third-person)
yoona (plural third-person)
lyona (singular third-person)
goona (plural third-person)
kyona (singular third-person)
byona (plural third-person)
yoona (singular third-person)
zoona (plural third-person)
rwona (singular third-person)
koona (singular third-person)
bwona (plural third-person)
twona (plural third-person)
bwona (singular third-person)
kwona (singular third-person)
hoona (class-16 singular third-person)

Inherited from Common Bantu *jónà, variant of Proto-Bantu *-ncè (*-ncè > *-jéncè > *-jóncè > *-jóncà > *-jónà).

omuti gwona

abantu boona

omuti gwona


di

head

di (masculine denge or dinge, feminine and plural deng or ding)

denge (masculine)
dinge (masculine)
deng (feminine plural)
ding (feminine plural)

Wo häs de dann di Jlas henjestallt?

(Ripuarian) your, thy (second-person singular possessive)


di

From Old Norse þín, feminine singular nominative of þinn (“your, yours”). See main entry for more.


di

Pronunciation spelling and/or eye dialect of various pronouns and determiners. See the etymology of the respective main entries.


lua

Third-person singular possessive pronoun for non-subject referents of any gender; his, her or its; their (singular).


весь

весь • (vesʹ) m (feminine вся, neuter всё, plural все)

vesʹ (romanization)
вся (feminine)
всё (neuter)
все (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьśь. Cognate with Sanskrit विश्व (viśva, “all”).

в любви́ и на войне́ все сре́дства хороши́

весь день

весь мир

вся Москва́

всё предложе́ние

по всему́ ми́ру / во всём ми́ре

(all) around/across the world; all over the world (literally, “across the whole world / in the whole world”)

Они́ съе́ли всю еду́.

(in the singular) all, the whole, all of, the whole of, the entire, the entirety of

все шко́лы в Росси́и

все ингредие́нты

Мы обошли́ все магази́ны.

(in the plural) all, all (of) (about discrete entities)

На вид ей мо́жно дать все со́рок (лет). ― Na vid jej móžno datʹ vse sórok (let). ― From her appearance, you could give her no fewer than forty years.

До ближа́йшей дере́вни бы́ло все три́дцать киломе́тров.

It was a whole thirty kilometres to the nearest village.

Do bližájšej derévni býlo vse trídcatʹ kilométrov.

Отсю́да до го́рода киломе́тров три́дцать пять, а то и все со́рок.

From here to the city is thirty five kilometres, if not forty.

Otsjúda do góroda kilométrov trídcatʹ pjatʹ, a to i vse sórok.

(colloquial) Used to emphasise the size of a numerical figure, especially in estimates; no less than, no fewer than


она

о́на • (óna)

о́ный оный#Russian


diet

diet (nominative singular)
diet (nominative plural)
dien (accusative singular)
dieid (accusative plural)
dien (genitive singular)
dieid (genitive plural)
diesa (illative singular)
dieidda (illative plural)
dies (locative singular)
diein (locative plural)
dieinna (comitative singular)
dieiguin (comitative plural)
dienin (essive)


ani

English: any

Geordie English: ony

Scots: ony, onie

Yola: aany, any

From Old English ǣniġ, āniġ (“any”), from Proto-Germanic *ainagaz.


che

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *t͡ʃe (“I, me”). Cognate with Old Tupi xe.

inh+

che angirũ


che

From Latin quod, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷod.

che festa!

some (a remarkable); what (intensifier to begin a sentence)


dei

dei (masculine nominative)
dei (feminine nominative)
dei (neuter nominative)
deine (nominative plural)
deim (dative masculine)
deiner (dative feminine)
deim (dative neuter)
deine (dative plural)
dein (accusative masculine)
dei (accusative feminine)
dei (accusative neuter)
deine (accusative plural)

From Middle High German dīn, from Old High German dīn, from Proto-West Germanic *þīn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *téynos. Cognates include German dein, Yiddish דײַן (dayn), obsolete Dutch dijn, archaic English thine and thy, Old Norse þínn, Gothic 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (þeins).

(possessive) thy, your (informal; to friends, relatives, children, etc.)


dei

dei (masculine nominative)
dei (feminine nominative)
dei (neuter nominative)
dei (nominative plural)
deim (dative masculine)
deinre (dative feminine)
deim (dative neuter)
deine (dative plural)
dei (accusative masculine)
dei (accusative feminine)
dei (accusative neuter)
dei (accusative plural)

From Middle High German and Old High German din. Compare German dein, English thy.


он

Inherited from Classical Persian آن (ān), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭 (ān).


tei

head

tei m sg (feminine túa, masculine plural teis, feminine plural túas)

túa (feminine)
teis (masculine plural)
túas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese *tei, from Latin tuus.

Second-person singular possessive determiner; your


bathe

(Northern) Alternative form of bothe (“both”)


seis

masculine plural of sei (“his, her, its, their”)


dine

inflection of dijn:
feminine nominative/accusative singular

inflection of dijn:
nominative/accusative plural


sa

From Old French sa, from Latin sua feminine form of suus.

Emma est allée chez sa sœur.

Pierre a perdu sa carte d’identité.

Sa voiture est blanche.

(possessive) his, her, its, their, one's

1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel

For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man


sa

Dapre Misey Guaido, 2 peyi sa yo ap defann sèlman enterè biznis yo ak Venezuela.

2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik:

According to Mr. Guaido, these two countries are only defending their business interests in Venezuela.


sa

Segun sa opiniono la max (maxim) importanta neceso por I.L. esas la max granda perfekteso, e ne la amaso di adheranti, [...]

1909-1910, Progreso – duesma yaro, page 40

According to his opionion the most important necessity for an I.L. is the perfection, and not the amount of adherents, …


sa

French: sa

his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive)


sa

From Vulgar Latin *sa, from Latin sua, the feminine form of suus.


sa

gem-decl-adj-table

*sa (irregular)

sa (masculine nominative singular)
þai (masculine nominative plural)
sō (feminine nominative singular)
þôz (feminine nominative plural)
þat (neuter nominative singular)
þō (neuter nominative plural)
þanǭ (accusative masculine singular)
þanz (accusative masculine plural)
þǭ (accusative feminine singular)
þōz (accusative feminine plural)
þat (accusative neuter singular)
þō (accusative neuter plural)
þas (genitive masculine singular)
þaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
þaizōz (feminine genitive singular)
þaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
þas (genitive neuter singular)
þaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
þammai (dative masculine singular)
þaimaz (dative masculine plural)
þaizōi (dative feminine singular)
þaimaz (dative feminine plural)
þammai (dative neuter singular)
þaimaz (dative neuter plural)
þanō (instrumental masculine singular)
þaimiz (instrumental masculine plural)
þaizō (feminine instrumental singular)
þaimiz (feminine instrumental plural)
þanō (instrumental neuter singular)
þaimiz (instrumental neuter plural)

Nominative

*sa (nominative singular masculine; OE and OS sē derive from related *sai)

Proto-West Germanic:

desctree

Old English: sē, þē — late nom. masc. sg. form, þē — Mercian, sæ, ðē, ðæ — Northumbrian
Middle English: se, ze, sæ

Old Saxon: sē

Proto-Norse: ᛋᛡ (sᴀ)

Old Norse: sá
Icelandic: sá
Faroese: sá
Old Swedish: sa

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰 (sa)

q

⇒ (s- analogically replaced with þ- of the other forms)

Proto-West Germanic:

Old English: þē

desctree

Middle English: þe, the, thi, thy, þᵉ, þi, þy
English: the
Fingallian: tha
Scots: the
Yola: a

Old Frisian: thī, thā

North Frisian: di

Saterland Frisian: die

West Frisian: de, dy

Old Saxon: thē
Middle Low German: de
Low German: de

Old Dutch: thie
Middle Dutch: die
Dutch: de, de
Afrikaans: die
Limburgish: dae

q

Old High German: dēr (also influenced by adjective inflection)

Middle High German: der

Alemannic German: dr

Swabian: d'r

Bavarian: da

Cimbrian: dèar, dar

Mòcheno: der

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: dää

Kölsch: dä

German: der

Hessian: dè

Yiddish: דער (der)

*sō (nominative singular feminine) (see there for further descendants)

*þat (nominative/accusative singular neuter) (see there for further descendants)

*þai (nominative plural masculine) (see there for further descendants)

*þôz (nominative/accusative plural feminine)

desctree

Proto-Norse: ᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ (þᴀiᴀʀ /þaiaʀ/)
Old West Norse: þær
Icelandic: þær
Faroese: tær
Old East Norse: þáʀ, ᚦᛆᛧ
Old Swedish: þār, þā
Old Gutnish: þar

Gothic: 𐌸𐍉𐍃 (þōs)

*þō (nominative/accusative plural neuter)

Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᚢᚾ (*þaun)

Old West Norse: þau

Icelandic: þau

Faroese: tey

Old East Norse: þaun, ᚦᛅᚢᚾ, ᚦᛆᚢᚿ

Old Swedish: þø̄n

Old Gutnish: þaun

Gothic: 𐌸𐍉 (þō)

Accusative

*þanǭ (accusative singular masculine)

Proto-West Germanic: *þanā

Old English: þone, ðane — Kentish, þane, þæne, þene — Mercian, ðæne, ðene — Northumbrian, þonne, þon — Northumbrian
Middle English: þone, þane
English: than (obsolete)

Old Saxon: thana, thena
Low German: den

Old Dutch: thana

Dutch: den

Limburgish: den

Old High German: then, den

Cimbrian: den

German: den

Luxembourgish: deen

Old Norse: þann
Icelandic: þann
Faroese: tann
Norwegian Nynorsk: dan, den
Russenorsk: den, dein, денъ (den)
Old Swedish: þæn, ᚦᛅᚿ
Swedish: den; then, dhen (obsolete)
Danish: den, æ
Norwegian Bokmål: den

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 (þana)

*þǭ (accusative singular feminine)

Proto-West Germanic: *þā

Old English: þā

Middle English: þa, þo

English: tho (obsolete)

Old Saxon: thia
Low German: de

Old Dutch: thie-a

Dutch: de

Old High German: diu

Middle High German: diu

Alemannic German: d

Cimbrian: dòi

East Central German: de

German: die

Kölsch: die

Luxembourgish: déi

Yiddish: די (di)

Old Norse: þá

Icelandic: þá

Faroese: ta

Old Swedish: þā, þē

Gothic: 𐌸𐍉 (þō)

*þanz (accusative plural masculine)

Old Norse: þá

Icelandic: þá

Faroese: tá (obsolete)

Old Swedish: þā

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 (þans)

Genitive

*þas (genitive singular masculine/neuter)

Proto-West Germanic: *þas

Old English: þæs
Middle English: þæs, þas
English: thes (obsolete)

Old Saxon: thes
Low German: des

Old Dutch: thes

Dutch: des

Old High German:

German: des

Old Norse: þess

Icelandic: þess

Faroese: tess

Norwegian: dess

Old Swedish: þæs, thes, thess

Swedish: dess

Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐍃 (þis)

*þaizōz (genitive singular feminine)

Proto-West Germanic: *þaiʀā

Old English: þǣre
Middle English: þǣre

Old Saxon: thera

Old Dutch: thero

Dutch: der

Old High German:

German: der

Old Norse: þeirrar

Icelandic: þeirrar

Faroese: teirrar

Old Swedish: þēra, þærra

Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 (þizōs)

*þaizǫ̂ (genitive plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þaiʀō

Old English: þāra, þǣra
Middle English: þare

Old Saxon: thero
Low German: der

Old Dutch: thero

Dutch: der

Limburgish: dier

Old High German: dēro

Cimbrian: dar

German: der

Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᛁᛉᛟ (*þaiʀo /*þaizō/)

Old Norse: þeira, þeirra — Icelandic-Faroese
Icelandic: þeirra
Faroese: teirra
Norwegian Nynorsk: deira
Old Swedish: þēra
Swedish: deras
Old Danish: theræ
→ Middle English: þeir
English: their
Scots: thair

desc

Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴 m or n (þizē), 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐍉 f (þizō)

Dative

*þammai (dative singular masculine/neuter)

Proto-West Germanic:

Old English: þǣm, þām

Old Saxon: thēm

Low German: dem

Old Dutch: themo

Limburgish: dem

Old High German: themu, demu

Alemannic German: em

Cimbrian: dèmme

German: dem

Luxembourgish: deem

Yiddish: דעם (dem)

Old Norse: þeim

Icelandic: þeim

Faroese: teim

Old Swedish: þēm, þæm, þø̄m, þem

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (þamma)

*þaizōi (dative singular feminine)

Proto-West Germanic:

Old English: þǣre
Middle English: þǣre

Old Saxon: theru

Old Dutch: thero

Dutch: der

Old High German:

Alemannic German: der

Cimbrian: dèar

German: der

Luxembourgish: där

Yiddish: דער (der)

Old Norse: þeiri, þeirri

Icelandic: þeirri

Faroese: teirri

Old Swedish: þēre, þērre

Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 (þizōs)

*þaimaz (dative plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þaim

Old English: þǣm, þām

Old Saxon: them

desctree

Old Norse: þeim
Icelandic: þeim
Faroese: teimum
Norwegian Nynorsk: deim
Old Swedish: þem, them
Swedish: dem
Danish: dem
Norwegian Bokmål: dem
→ Middle English: þem
English: them, thame
Scots: thaim, them

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 (þaim)

Instrumental

*þanō (instrumental singular masculine/neuter)

Old English: þon
Middle English: þon, þan
English: than (obsolete)

*þaizō (instrumental singular feminine)

Old English: þǣre

*þaimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: þǣm, þām


cap

Inherited from Vulgar Latin capus (“head, chief”), from Latin caput (“head, etc.”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *káput. Compare Occitan cap. Compare also French personne (which can mean either "person" or "nobody").

inh+

No hi ha cap iogurt de maduixa.
There is no strawberry yogurt.

A més, 3.500 persones han passat per les sales de consum ateses per professionals, on cap de les 214 sobredosis ha estat mortal.

2019 August 21, Rosa M. Bravo, “La demanda de tractament per deixar la cocaïna creix”, in El Punt Avui:

Additionally, 3,500 people have passed through the [drug] use rooms tended by professionals, where none of the 214 overdoses has been fatal.

no, not any (usually with no or other negative particle)

Que hi falta cap peça?


fad

fad (mutation mutation-radical)
fhad (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish fot, from Proto-Celtic *wazdos, which could be from the same root as *wāstos (“empty”).

A bheil sibh fad an latha ann?


niente

From an earlier neente, either from Latin ne gentem (“no person, no one”), nec entem, ne entem, or ne inde. Compare Old Catalan nient, Sicilian nenti, Piedmontese gnente, Occitan neient, French néant.
The regional pronunciation with initial self-gemination of /nj-/ is by speakers who try to correct the /ɲ-/ because of the orthography, but keep the syllable structure, and thus gemination, of the original /ɲ-/.

Niente bugie!


much

head

much (comparative more, superlative most)

From Middle English muche (“much, great”), apocopated variant of muchel (“much, great”), from Old English myċel, miċel (“big, much”), from Proto-West Germanic *mikil, from Proto-Germanic *mikilaz (“great, many, much”), from Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (“big, stour, great”). See also mickle, muckle.
cognates
Cognate with Scots mickle, mukill, mekil, mikil (“big, large, great, much”), Middle Dutch mēkel (“great, many, much”), Middle High German michel ("great, many, much"; > German michel (“great, big, large”)), Norwegian Bokmål mye (“much”), Norwegian Nynorsk mykje (“much”), Swedish mycket (“much”), Danish meget (“much”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃 (mikils, “great, many”), Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “large, great”), Modern Greek μεγάλος (megálos, “large, great”).
Note that English much is not related to Spanish mucho, and their resemblance in both form and meaning is purely coincidental, as mucho derives from Latin multus and is not related to the Germanic forms. Instead, related to Spanish maño.

gloss

"great, many, much"; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">michel</i> (“great, big, large”)

cog

Hurry! We don't have much time!

They set about the task with much enthusiasm.

As it was, he did nothing with much zeal, but sport; and his time was otherwise trifled away, without benefit from books or anything else.

1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume (please specify |volume=III or IV), London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC:

Unless matters take a nastier turn, neither side has much incentive to compromise.

2011 February 24, “Wisconsin and wider”, in The Economist:

Add this much water and no more.

Take as much time as you like.

(in combinations such as 'as much', 'this much') Used to indicate, demonstrate or compare the quantity of something.

ye shall not nede to seke hym soo ferre sayd the Kynge / for as I here saye sir Launcelot will abyde me and yow in the Ioyous gard / and moche peple draweth vnto hym as I here saye

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter X, in Le Morte Darthur, book XX:

(now archaic or nonstandard) A great number of; many (people).

They got so much things to say right now, they got so much things to say.

1977, Bob Marley (lyrics and music), “So Much Things to Say”:

(now Caribbean, African-American, UK regional) many ( + plural countable noun).


ein

head

ein (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)

of a following vowel (triggers-h-prothesis)

From Middle Welsh yn, an, from Old Welsh an. Compare Breton hon.

Buodd ein ci a’n cath yn gyfeillion pennaf.


folle

From Old Frisian fule, from Proto-West Germanic *fulu.


each

From Middle English eche, from Old English ǣlċ, contraction of ǣġhwelċ, from Proto-West Germanic *aiwgahwalīk (“each, every”). Compare Scots ilk, elk (“each, every”), Saterland Frisian älk (“each”), West Frisian elk, elts (“each”), Dutch elk (“each”), Low German elk, ellik (“each”), German Low German elk, elke (“each, every”), German jeglicher (“any”).

inh

Make sure you wash each bowl well.

The sun comes up each morning and sets each night.

Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:

All; every; qualifying a singular noun, indicating all examples of the thing so named seen as individual or separate items (compare every).


이

From Middle Korean 이〮 (í, “this”), from Old Korean 是, 利 (*i, “this”)

이 그림을 본 적이 있다.


din

From Old Norse þínn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz (“your”).


din

Coordinate term: hedan (hedana)

Alternative forms: dina, di


din

head

din m (feminine di, neuter ditt, plural dine)

di (feminine)
ditt (neuter)
dine (plural)