Hauptsache

From Middle High German houbetsache, equivalent to haupt- + Sache. Cognate with Middle Low German hȫvetsāke.

Er scherte sich nicht um die Folgen, Hauptsache, er bekam sein Geld

He didn't care about the consequences, as long as he got his money

(slightly informal) as long as, expresses that the following is the most important goal, prioritised over anything else

Hauptsache, es geht dir gut

At least / most importantly, you are well / unharmed

Glück im Unglück
Glück im Unglück#German

(slightly informal) at least, most importantly, specifically, expresses gladness about a fact being true even if other things might not be ideal (i.e. Glück im Unglück)


mégiscsak

[ˈmeːɡiʃt͡ʃɒk]

mégiscsak nekem volt igazam


азы

From Proto-Turkic *aŕu (“or”). Cognate with Karakhanid [script needed] (azu, “or”), Old Turkic [script needed] (azu, “or”).

Борта бөрү азы дилги чораан-дыр.


thi

From Old Danish thi, thy, Old Norse því, dative singular of þat, cognate with Swedish ty (“therefore”) and Norwegian Nynorsk di.

(dated) for (coordinating conjunction introducing an explanation)

thi kendes for ret (phrase used in courtrooms to introduce the verdict)


veya

From Ottoman Turkish ویا (veya), from Arabic و (wa, “and”) + Persian یا (yâ, “or”).


ya da

Morphologically ya (“either, or”) + da (“too, as well, also”). Cognate of Turkish ya da.

com

Elə bil adamlar yatmış, ya da harasa qonaq getmişlər.

1981, Əzizə Cəfərzadə, Bakı-1501, page 37:

It's as if people have gone to sleep, or have gone somewhere as guests.


ya da

Morphologically ya (“either, or”) + da (“too, as well, also”). Cognate of Azerbaijani ya da.

Dünyanın sonuna doğmuşum / Ya da ölmüşüm de haberim yok

2009, “Dünyanın Sonuna Doğmuşum [I Was Born at the End of the World]”, in Şehr-i Hüzün [City of Sorrow], performed by maNga:

I was born at the end of the world / Or I am dead and don't even know it


ancak

From Ottoman Turkish آنجق (ancak) from Proto-Oghuz [Term?] (ančak, “exactly like that”) from earlier Proto-Oghuz [Term?] (anča ok, “exactly like that”) emphatic form of Proto-Oghuz [Term?] (anča, “like that”) equative form of Proto-Turkic *ol (“he/she/it/that”).
Also see o and anca.


mióta

Jobban érzik magukat, mióta lefogytak.

They have been feeling better since they lost weight.


ও

Probably inherited from Magadhi Prakrit *𑀅𑀯𑀭 (*avara) with apocoping and usual sound change from ava to ō, from Sanskrit अपर (apara, “other, different”). Cognate with Magahi 𑂄𑂇 (āu). Doublet of অপর (opor), আরো (arō), and আর (ar), which removed the -v- consonant instead, lengthening the initial vowel. Presumed to be influenced by Classical Persian و (u).

dbt

আমি ও সাদমান বন্ধু।

উনিও যেতে চান।


с тех пор как

head

с тех по́р как

с тех по́р как • (s tex pór kak)

с тех по́р как (canonical)
s tex pór kak (romanization)

С тех по́р как Серге́й поступи́л на рабо́ту, он стал серьёзнее

Since Sergey started working, he’s gotten more serious.

S tex pór kak Sergéj postupíl na rabótu, on stal serʹjózneje


siitä lähtien, kun

Olen rakastanut sinua siitä lähtien, kun tapasimme ensi kerran.

I have loved you ever since we first met.

ever since, since (continuously from the time that)


ehe

1918, Elisabeth von Heyking, Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 34–35

Through the still empty dark streets echoed the hoofbeat of approaching horses on the wet pavement, long ere something could be seen of them.

Durch die noch leeren dunklen Straßen hallte der Hufschlag nahender Pferde auf dem feuchten Pflaster, lange ehe etwas von ihnen zu sehen war.


ежели

е́жели • (jéželi)

е́жели (canonical)
jéželi (romanization)

Borrowed from Polish jeżeli, probably via Old Ruthenian ежели (eželi),

Е́жели поду́мать, да рассмотре́ть, то всё э́то глу́пости.

If we think about it and examine it, it is all nonsense.

Jéželi podúmatʹ, da rassmotrétʹ, to vsjo éto glúposti.

— Кому наука в пользу, а у кого только ум путается. Сестра — женщина непонимающая, норовит всё по благородному и хочет, чтоб из Егорки учёный вышел, а того не понимает, что я и при своих занятиях мог бы Егорку на век осчастливить. Я это к тому вам объясняю, что ежели все пойдут в учёные да в благородные, тогда некому будет торговать и хлеб сеять. Все с голоду поумирают.
— А ежели все будут торговать и хлеб сеять, тогда некому будет учения постигать.

1888, Антон Чехов, “I”, in Степь; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., The Steppe, 1919:

"Learning is a benefit to some, but others only muddle their brains. My sister is a woman who does not understand; she is set upon refinement, and wants to turn Yegorka into a learned man, and she does not understand that with my business I could settle Yegorka happily for the rest of his life. I tell you this, that if everyone were to go in for being learned and refined there would be no one to sow the corn and do the trading; they would all die of hunger."
"And if all go in for trading and sowing corn there will be no one to acquire learning."

— Komu nauka v polʹzu, a u kovo tolʹko um putajetsja. Sestra — ženščina neponimajuščaja, norovit vsjo po blagorodnomu i xočet, štob iz Jegorki učónyj vyšel, a tovo ne ponimajet, što ja i pri svoix zanjatijax mog by Jegorku na vek osčastlivitʹ. Ja eto k tomu vam obʺjasnjaju, što ježeli vse pojdut v učónyje da v blagorodnyje, togda nekomu budet torgovatʹ i xleb sejatʹ. Vse s golodu poumirajut.
— A ježeli vse budut torgovatʹ i xleb sejatʹ, togda nekomu budet učenija postigatʹ.


אלו

he-con

אילו / אִלּוּ • (ílu)

אילו (canonical)
אִלּוּ (canonical)
ílu (romanization)

Most likely from אִם לוּ ('im lú, “if if”) through assimilation.


যদি

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit যদি (yadi). Completely replaced earlier (tadbhava) জই (joi). Cognate with Odia ଯଦି (jadi), Hindi यदि (yadi), Nepali यदि (yadi)

lbor

যদি তুমি কুকুর পছন্দ করো না, তুমি একটা কেন কিনবে?

If you don't like dogs, why are you buying one?

jodi tumi kukur pochondo korō na, tumi ekṭa keno kinbe?


ehuru

(dated, formal) albeit, although, though


কিনা

আমি জানি না আমি এই বই পড়তে পারি কিনা.


কিংবা

head

কিংবা • (kiṅba)

bn-conjunction

কিংবা • (kiṅba)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit किंवा (kiṃvā), a compound of the किम् (kim) + वा (vā).


বা

Borrowed from Sanskrit বা (vā). Compare Hindi वा (vā), Bengali বা (ba).

মই চাহ বা কফি খাম।


বা

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वा (vā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-wā, from Proto-Indo-European *-wē.


assa

Univerbation of ass- (“out of”) + a (“his/her/its/their”)

univerbation

ferr assa ferr

Nesso assa nesso, ↄdid·tánicc fessin.

Nearer and nearer, until [Paul] has come to himself.

Added between two copies of a comparative adjective to indicate a gradual increase of degree: and


såsom

Blandt markedsaktørerne er der heller ikke noget særligt tæt forhold mellem de finansielle aktører, såsom banker, og de produktive erhverv.

2010, Martin Marcussen, Den danske model og globaliseringen, Samfundslitteratur, →ISBN, page 119:

Nor is there among the actors of the market any particularly close relationship between the financial actors, such as banks, and the productive venues of business.


såsom

ske din vilja, såsom i himmelen, så ock på jorden

Thy will be done, on earth, as [it is] in heaven. (Lord's Prayer)

Såsom drottning ville hon tilltalas med "Ers Höghet"

As queen, she wanted to be addressed with "Your Highness"

Han älskade att stoppa goda saker i munnen, såsom pizza och hamburgare

He loved putting tasty things in his mouth, such as pizza and hamburgers


allenast

jag skulle kunna öfvertalas till att bifalla din förmodan, allenast jag först vore fullkomligt öfvertygad om min själs odödlighet

I could be persuaded to accept your assumption, if only I first were entirely convinced of the immortality of my soul


liksom

Liksom meg så likar han å gå på ski.


liksom

[¹l̪ɪkːs̪ɔm]

From Old Swedish lika som. By surface analysis, lika + som.

Älgen var stor liksom grannens skjul

The moose was big like [like as] the neighbor's shed [bit more literary or old-fashioned sounding compared to "stor som grannens skjul" (big as the neighbor's shed)]

Ty du skall bryta sönder deras bördors ok och deras skuldrors gissel och deras plågares stav, likasom i Midjans tid.

For you shall break the yokes of their burdens and the scourge of their shoulders and the rod of their tormentor, as/like [like as] in the day of Midian. (Isaiah 9:4)

Jag har sett filmsnuttar på YouTube, liksom bilder publicerade i turkiska tidningar

I have seen film clips on YouTube, as well as pictures published in Turkish newspapers


vove

Chemandu'a vove nderehe avy'a'ỹ.


blott

From Middle Low German blôt, from Old Saxon *blōt, from Proto-Germanic *blautaz. Doublet of blöt. Compare German bloß, Dutch bloot, Danish blot.

Blott du mig ger ett enda litet ord, är jag din.

If only you give me one little word, I'll be yours. (song lyrics)


sinis

Sinis, veljeni, kun minä kuolen,
minä heilutan tapparaa,
sinis lennätän viuhuvan nuolen,
sinis miekkani leimahtaa.

early 1900s, “Thermopylain laulu”, Uuno Kailas (lyrics), Heikki Klemetti (music):

Until, my brother, I am dead,
I shall swing my battle-axe,
until then I shall let my arrows fly,
until then my sword shall flame.


indas

indas (mutation mutation-radical)
n-indas (mutation)

Maybe originally a verbal noun of in·fét, from Proto-Celtic *ande-wissu. By surface analysis, ind- + fius.


såväl

Det Nisse sysslar med är olagligt såväl som omoraliskt

What Nisse is doing is illegal as well as immoral

På festivalen finns karuseller såväl som prova på-aktiviteter och mycket annat [som är] roligt

At the festival, there are carousels as well as try-out activities and lots of other fun things to do [and a lot of other things [that are] fun (or, "other stuff [that is] fun," which is closer to the intuition, with a singular)]

Bulnader uppstodo på spåmännen såväl som på alla andra egyptier (archaic language)

Boils appeared on the magicians as well as on all the other Egyptians (Exodus 9:11)

(with som (“as”)) as well (as) (and also and equally)

Såväl gamla som unga mår bra av daglig motion

Both old and young benefit from [feel good from] daily exercise / Old as well as young benefit from daily exercise

(with som (“as”)) both ... and (equally)


förrän

förr + än (“yet”). Cognate with Danish førend.

Du får inte gå förrän du gjort klart allt arbete.

You can not go until you have finished all work.

The sun itself sees not till heaven clears.

Sjelf solen syns ej, förrän himlen klaras. (translation by Carl Rupert Nyblom)

If music be the food of love, play on; / Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, / The appetite may sicken, and so die.

Om kärlek näres af musik, så fortfar / Och hör ej upp förrän af frosseri / Begäret sjuknar in och sedan dör. (translation by Hagberg)

Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, opening lines


emellertid

i + medel + tid, at least since 1530: i midhell tidh, same as Danish imidlertid, Norwegian imidlertid, Middle Low German middeler tit, similar to English meanwhile. Already in the 1580s, the use started to shift from time (= meanwhile) to cause (= however).

(archaic) meanwhile, during the same time


সেহেতু

for that reason; because of that; that is why


priusquam

[priˈʊs̠kʷä̃ˑ]


antequam

[ˈän̪t̪ɛkʷä̃ˑ]


μα

Inherited from Byzantine Greek μά (má), from Old Italian ma, from Latin magis.

Θέλω να βγω απόψε μα δεν μπορώ.


q̃

Et quant elle fut venue si dist aux trois barons q̃ ceste estoit celle que ilz demandoient.

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 12, lines 12–3:

And when she arrived, she said to the three barons that this was the one that they had been asking for.


q̃

Sire tu mas mande q̃ vienge a ta maisun

13th century, Herman de Valenciennes, Assomption Nostre Dame, page 3, column 1, line 18:

Sir, you asked that I come to your house


q̃

[…] por q̃ bem sey quanto pera mym presta fazello ou leixallo de fazer

c. 15th century, Duarte, Bem Cavalgar (Livro da ensinança de bem cavalgar toda sella), published 1843:


annon

can it be that (expecting a positive answer)


imma

From Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā, “as for, as regards, but”).

inh

“IMMA … mhux se teħlisha ħafif għal li għamilt, Amina. Ma nistax nibqa’ nwissik biss u int tibqa’ tagħmel ta’ rasek. Dawn il-jumejn, illum u għada, se tqattagħhom f’kamra waħdek, f’dan is-sular. Mhux se tattendi lezzjonijiet —”

2018, Antoinette Borg, Amina, Merlin Publishers, →ISBN:

Dal-lejl ħlomt ħolma.
Waħda ħelwa, imma stramba.
Fil-verità, waħda li qed noħlom ta’ spiss.

2019, Kristina Borg, Imkejjen u Rkejjen, Ede Books, →ISBN, page 18:

Last night I had a dream.
A pleasant dream, but strange.
Actually, it's a recurring dream.


kaŭ

LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-kaŭ.wav

Kiam vi kandidatas por ĉi tiu posteno, bonvolu listigi tri profesiajn kaŭ personajn referencojn.

When you apply for this job, please list three professional and/or personal references.


forcause

(obsolete) Because, for the reason that.


dà chuid

an dà chuid leann agus fìon - both beer and wine


aon chuid

bhiodh e a' fuireach aon chuid san taigh a mhàthar no san taigh a bhràthar

he lives either in the house of his mother or in the house of his brother

cha phòs e aon chuid Cairistìona no Catrìona

he will marry neither Christine nor Catherine


dara cuid

bhiodh e a' fuireach an dara cuid san taigh a mhàthar no san taigh a bhràthar

cha phòs e an dara cuid Cairistìona no Catrìona


doodaiiʼ

or, or else, either ... or, if not, otherwise


mandla

-mándla (canonical)
lengimandla (first-person singular)
ngimandla (copulative first-person singular)
lomandla (second-person singular)
umandla (copulative second-person singular)
lesimandla (first-person plural)
simandla (copulative first-person plural)
lenimandla (plural second-person)
nimandla (copulative plural second-person)
lomandla (class-1)
umandla (class-1 copulative)
labamandla (class-2)
bamandla (class-2 copulative)
lomandla (class-3)
umandla (class-3 copulative)
lemandla (class-4)
imandla (class-4 copulative)
lelimandla (class-5)
limandla (class-5 copulative)
lamandla (class-6)
amandla (class-6 copulative)
lesimandla (class-7)
simandla (class-7 copulative)
letimandla (class-8)
timandla (class-8 copulative)
lemandla (class-9)
imandla (class-9 copulative)
letimandla (class-10)
timandla (class-10 copulative)
lolumandla (class-11)
lumandla (class-11 copulative)
lobumandla (class-14)
bumandla (class-14 copulative)
lokumandla (class-15)
kumandla (class-15 copulative)
lokumandla (class-17)
kumandla (class-17 copulative)


mandla

-mándla (canonical)
endimandla (attributive first-person positive singular)
endingemandla (attributive first-person negative singular)
ndimandla (attributive copulative first-person positive singular)
andimandla (attributive copulative first-person negative singular)
omandla (attributive positive second-person singular)
ongemandla (attributive negative second-person singular)
umandla (attributive copulative positive second-person singular)
awumandla (attributive copulative negative second-person singular)
esimandla (attributive first-person plural positive)
esingemandla (attributive first-person negative plural)
simandla (attributive copulative first-person plural positive)
asimandla (attributive copulative first-person negative plural)
enimandla (attributive plural positive second-person)
eningemandla (attributive negative plural second-person)
nimandla (attributive copulative plural positive second-person)
animandla (attributive copulative negative plural second-person)
omandla (attributive class-1 positive)
ongemandla (attributive class-1 negative)
umandla (attributive class-1 copulative positive)
akamandla (attributive class-1 copulative negative)
abamandla (attributive class-2 positive)
abangemandla (attributive class-2 negative)
bamandla (attributive class-2 copulative positive)
abamandla (attributive class-2 copulative negative)
omandla (attributive class-3 positive)
ongemandla (attributive class-3 negative)
umandla (attributive class-3 copulative positive)
awumandla (attributive class-3 copulative negative)
emandla (attributive class-4 positive)
engemandla (attributive class-4 negative)
imandla (attributive class-4 copulative positive)
ayimandla (attributive class-4 copulative negative)
elimandla (attributive class-5 positive)
elingemandla (attributive class-5 negative)
limandla (attributive class-5 copulative positive)
alimandla (attributive class-5 copulative negative)
amandla (attributive class-6 positive)
angemandla (attributive class-6 negative)
amandla (attributive class-6 copulative positive)
awamandla (attributive class-6 copulative negative)
esimandla (attributive class-7 positive)
esingemandla (attributive class-7 negative)
simandla (attributive class-7 copulative positive)
asimandla (attributive class-7 copulative negative)
ezimandla (attributive class-8 positive)
ezingemandla (attributive class-8 negative)
zimandla (attributive class-8 copulative positive)
azimandla (attributive class-8 copulative negative)
emandla (attributive class-9 positive)
engemandla (attributive class-9 negative)
imandla (attributive class-9 copulative positive)
ayimandla (attributive class-9 copulative negative)
ezimandla (attributive class-10 positive)
ezingemandla (attributive class-10 negative)
zimandla (attributive class-10 copulative positive)
azimandla (attributive class-10 copulative negative)
olumandla (attributive class-11 positive)
olungemandla (attributive class-11 negative)
lumandla (attributive class-11 copulative positive)
alumandla (attributive class-11 copulative negative)
obumandla (attributive class-14 positive)
obungemandla (attributive class-14 negative)
bumandla (attributive class-14 copulative positive)
abumandla (attributive class-14 copulative negative)
okumandla (attributive class-15 positive)
okungemandla (attributive class-15 negative)
kumandla (attributive class-15 copulative positive)
akumandla (attributive class-15 copulative negative)
okumandla (attributive class-17 positive)
okungemandla (attributive class-17 negative)
kumandla (attributive class-17 copulative positive)
akumandla (attributive class-17 copulative negative)


kons

From Proto-Finnic *konsa. Cognates include Finnish konsa and Veps konz.


quamquam

→ Esperanto: kvankam (learned)

[ˈkʷäŋkʷä̃ˑ]

Reduplication of quam. The original meaning was hypothetically “how(much)ever”; compare quisquis (“whoever”).

At pius Aenēās, quamquam lēnīre dolentem

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.393–394

But dutiful Aeneas, although he desires to relieve [Dido’s] grief by comforting her, and say more to turn aside her anguish, ….

sōlandō cupit et dictīs āvertere cūrās, ….

† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated° Rare‡only used as a conjunction


à l'égal de

I adore you as much as the nocturnal vault, #*: O vase of sadness, o most silent one, #*: And I love you even more, my darling, that you flee from me #*: And that you appear, ornament of my nights […]

1857, Charles Baudelaire, Je t'adore from Les Fleurs du mal Je t’adore à l’égal de la voûte nocturne, #*: Ô vase de tristesse, ô grande taciturne, #*: Et t’aime d’autant plus, belle, que tu me fuis, #*: Et que tu me parais, ornement de mes nuits […]


inden

Kom indenfor inden det begynder at regne.


com que

Com que no hi havien taxis vaig haver de caminar.

Since there were no taxis, I had to walk.


מאָל

head

מאָל • (mol)

From Middle High German māl, from Old High German māl (“a time”), from Proto-West Germanic *māl, from Proto-Germanic *mēlą.


ya que

Y sin embargo, en Nueva York, el presidente les dice que están desinformados, ya que el verdadero peligro que enfrenta México es el populismo.

2015 October 3, “Peña Nieto y el populismo”, in El País:

However, in New York, the president told them that they are misinformed, since the true danger that confronts Mexico is populism.

inasmuch as, since, because, given that, in that, now that


forthan

From Middle English forthan, from Old English for þon, comprised of for (“because of”) + þon (“that”). More at for, than, that, for that.

(now chiefly dialectal, Northern England) For this reason; therefore.

(now chiefly dialectal, Northern England) For the reason that; because.


ем

Used to express the coexistence of several conditions or qualities; both ... and ...


ем

НИС ем дугује, ем уцењује

Not only does NIS owe money, they also blackmail.

Ја имам једног познатог златара у Пешти, па ћу вам ја то набавити и изабрати, ем јевтино, ем лепо, што баш вреди да се не постидите.

I have a renowned goldsmith in Pest, so I will obtain that and choose for you, both cheap and beautiful, so that you will have nothing to be ashamed of.

Пази, ем глув, ем нем, ем слабо срце, ем глувонем...

Look, he is deaf, mute, weak-hearted, and also deafmute...


хто

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos-tod, (compare *kʷis). Cognates include Ukrainian хто (xto), Russian кто (kto) and Polish kto.


хто

(proscribed, low colloquial, nonstandard, Ukraine, Belarus, Southern Russia) who, non-standard form of кто (kto)


хто

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos-tod, (compare *kʷis).


αφού

αφού • (afoú)

el-conjunction

αφού • (afoú)

From Byzantine Greek ἀφοῦ (aphoû), from Koine Greek ἀφ’ (aph’) and οὗ (hoû), from Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó) and οὗ (hoû, masculine genitive singular of the relative pronoun).


還有

/xaɪ̯³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːn²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/ɦue²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/ɦue²² ɦʏ³³/

/xaɪ̯³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːn²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/ɦue²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/ɦue²² ɦʏ³³/

A character was written incorrectly here, and the punctuation is not correct either.

Zhèlǐ zì xiě cuò le, háiyǒu, biāodiǎn yě yòng dé bùduì.

這裡字寫錯了，還有，標點也用得不對。

这里字写错了，还有，标点也用得不对。


sular

except of past autonomous forms (triggers-lenition)

sular chaill sé é

sular cailleadh iad

sula

used before the other tenses and before the past tense of some irregular verbs; present copular form used before a consonant


enten

From Old Danish ænting, æntig, from Old Norse annattveggja, cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk anten, Swedish antingen. A compound of annat (“other, either”, neuter) and tveggja (“two”, genitive).

always in the combination: enten … eller "either … or"


enten

either (used in combination with eller; enten ... eller... / either ... or ...)


是否

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² fɐu̯³⁵/

/si³³⁻¹¹ hɔ̃⁵³/

/si²²⁻²¹ hɔ̃⁵³/

/si³³⁻²¹ hɔ̃⁴¹/

/si²²⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/si³⁵⁻¹¹ hõũ⁵²/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² fɐu̯³⁵/

/si³³⁻¹¹ hɔ̃⁵³/

/si²²⁻²¹ hɔ̃⁵³/

/si³³⁻²¹ hɔ̃⁴¹/

/si²²⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/si³⁵⁻¹¹ hõũ⁵²/

不知您是否有時間。

不知您是否有时间。

Whether this theory is historical fact has been a source of considerable contention in recent times.

Cǐ shuō shìfǒu wéi lìshǐ shìshí, jìndài pōyǒu zhēngyì.

此說是否為歷史事實，近代頗有爭議。

此说是否为历史事实，近代颇有争议。

Do you need me to transfer you to the embassy?

Nín shìfǒu xūyào wǒ wèi nín zhuǎnjiē dào dàshǐguǎn?

您是否需要我為您轉接到大使館？

您是否需要我为您转接到大使馆？


teneinde

Afrikaans: ten einde


ilat

From Arabic عِلَّة (ʕilla, “defect; reason”).


aínda

From Old Galician-Portuguese aynda, from a- + inda. Further etymology is debated.

unk

debated


necne

Nihil interest valeam necne.

It matters not whether I am well or not.

(with negative, usually following utrum) whether


მაგრამ

→ Armenian: մագրամ (magram) — Tbilisi

Ultimately from Persian مگر (magar). Akin to Old Georgian მაგრა (magra).


to-whiles

From Middle English, from towhile + -s; compare whiles.


sowohl ... als auch

Er spricht sowohl Deutsch als auch Englisch.

Ich trinke gern sowohl Bier als auch Wein!


siquidem

[ˈs̠ɪkʷɪd̪ɛ̃ˑ]

Univerbation of sī (“if”) + quidem (“restricting particle”).


tametsi

[t̪ä̃ˑ ˈɛt̪s̠iː]


totdat

Afrikaans: totdat

Negerhollands: tee dat


ו/או

A calque of English and/or, from וְ־ (v'-, “and”) + אוֹ (o, “or”).


antingen

Antingen går du, eller så ringer jag polisen

Either you leave, or I'll call the police


forthi

English: forthy

Scots: for-thy

From Old English forþȳ (“for that, because, therefore, consequently”), from for (“for”) + þȳ (“by that”), instrumental case of þæt (“that”). Cognate with Old Norse for þvī (“for this cause”). More at forthy.


choć

Clipping of chocia from frequent use. First attested in the 15th century.

Jakokoly stary obyczay dawnego prawa bandze odmyenyon w lepsy obyczay, tako wszdy ma szye szostacz, czo szandzono starym obyczągem, chocz any woyth ten s tymy obyczaymy ku prawu nye przyszągl

1884 [c. 1455-1460], “Die Magdeburger Urtheile. Ein Deutschen Rechtes in polnischer Sprache aus der Mitte des XV Jahrhunderts”, in Aleksander Brückner, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume VI, page 360:


choć

Inherited from Old Polish choć. By surface analysis, clipping of chocia. Compare Kashubian chòc and Russian хоть (xotʹ).

Item, iáko przedtym od ſądu Wiécowégo bywáłá. Tit. Wiécá, choćby áppellował.

(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.

Mowilem cy iuż kroć kyla By czie roſpaċ nieruſyla. Ktora iż wtobie panuie Lacznoċ nam wſytko popſuie. Choczcie ſprawuie ta pany Czo nam wſytko dobre gany.

natrząſa ſię w piſániu ſwym y on Polſki Póétá Rey ſtáry/ ktory choć też ſam rad dobrze pił y iadł/ bo był Phegon práwy/ tegom ia dobrze znał/ bo cżęſto v Podſędká Chełmſkiego oycá moiego dla vżywánia myśliſtwá bywał.

1585, J. Wereszczyński, Gościniec pewny niepomiernym moczygębom, page 241:


choć

Inherited from Old Polish choć. By surface analysis, clipping of chocia.


ан

(colloquial, adversative) Used at the beginning of a sentence to express opposition to a remark.


զօրէն

head

զօրէն • (zōrēn)

xcl-con

զօրէն • (zōrēn)


յորժամ

head

յորժամ • (yoržam)

xcl-con

յորժամ • (yoržam)


stått

17th century, clipping of 15th century ånstått, from Middle High German stat, from Old High German stat, from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, from Proto-Germanic *stadiz, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis. Doublet of Stådt and Stättn. Compare German statt.


como si

En los establecimientos donde pago con billetes, recibo la vuelta con aprensión, como si la calderilla pudiera producirme un eccema.

2015 July 31, “Metamorfosis”, in El País:

(with imperfect subjunctive) as if; as though


umso

je früher, umso besser

the (forming the parallel comparative with je)

Der private Konsum wächst weltweit und soll aus der Krise helfen. Umso akribischer wird nach den letzten Geheimnissen der Kaufentscheidungen gefahndet.

2010, Der Spiegel, number 50/2010, page 56:

Consumer spending is rising worldwide and is supposed to help overcome the crisis. All the more meticulously it is searched for the last secrets of buying decisions.


andt

Veil, mein friendts, andt how vags the vorldt wid you, mein tdears?

1878, George T. Ferris, The Great German Composers:

When the time gome dat dis iss a free gountry again, then I dake a bension again for my woundts; but I would sdarfe before I dake a bension now from a rebublic dat iss bought oap by monobolies, and ron by drusts and gompines, and railroadts andt oil gompanies."

1871, William Dean Howells, The March Family Trilogy, Complete:

[…] I know not who I wouldt waitd for, over andt above mine oldt rival, Master Dom[…].

1902, Frederick James Crowest, Musicians' wit, humour, & anecdote:

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


итак

head

ита́к • (iták)

Ита́к, дава́й пропу́стим нело́вкие вопро́сы.

So/now/right/okay, let's get the awkward questions out of the way.

Iták, daváj propústim nelóvkije voprósy.

so, now, right, okay (used at or near the beginning of a sentence, which is a logical conclusion from the previous one; corresponds in meaning to the terms 'thus', 'as a result', 'consequently')


whanne

English: when

Scots: whan

Yola: fan, van, phen

From Old English hwonne, from Proto-Germanic *hwannē (“when”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (“who, what, which”).

der

Bot often for defalte of bondes Al sodeinliche, er it be wist, A Tonne, whanne his lye arist, Tobrekth and renneth al aboute, Which elles scholde noght gon oute[…]

Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]

Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende.

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:

Master John Aston taught and wrote accordingly and really busily, where, when, and to whoever he wanted, and he used it himself, I take it, very well until the end of his life.


откако

о̀ткако (canonical)
òtkako (romanization)


sinnes

From si- + -nnes, the same terminative suffix as seen in kunnes.


utrumnam

[ʊˈt̪rʊmnä̃ˑ]


方才

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ ze²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ ze²¹/


fints

Ar hat zòbel galòofet fints ar ist bolaibet une aatom.


以是

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


miễn

Miễn tụi bây có mặt là được.

It's fine as long as you guys do show up.


ដើម្បី

km-con

ដើម្បី • (daəmbəy)


inaczej

Inherited from Old Polish inaczej. Compare Kashubian jinaczi.

Muszę mówić bardzo szybko, inaczej cały efekt przepadnie.

I have to speak very quickly, otherwise the whole effect is lost.

Alioqui, vel Alioquin Ináczey

Inácżey. Aliter, alia ratione, alio pacto

1579, A. Calagius, Synonyma Latina, page 16a:

Aliusmodi – Ynaczei.

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 53a:

Aliter – Inaczeij.

(Middle Polish) otherwise; Further details are uncertain.


encore que

Ils n’apportent pas de parapluie encore qu’il pleuve.
They are not bringing an umbrella, even though it's raining.


כדי

head

כְּדִּי • (k'di)


αλλά

αλλά • (allá)

el-conjunction

αλλά • (allá)

Είναι έξυπνος αλλά τεμπέλης.


況且

/kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ³³ t͡sʰɛː³⁵/

/hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiã⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰiã⁴¹/

/hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/kʰuɑ̃³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

/kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ³³ t͡sʰɛː³⁵/

/hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiã⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰiã⁴¹/

/hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/kʰuɑ̃³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/


abô

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *abo. Compare Kashubian abo, Polish abo.


無論

/u³⁵ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/mau²¹ lɔŋ⁵⁵/

/bo²⁴⁻²² lun⁴¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ lun³³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² lun²²/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ lun³³/

/bo¹³⁻²² lun²²/

/bu¹³⁻²² lun²²/

/bu²⁴⁻²² lun⁴¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² lun²²/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ luŋ³⁵/

/ɦu²² lən⁴⁴/

/u³⁵ lu̯ən⁵¹/

/mau²¹ lɔŋ⁵⁵/

/bo²⁴⁻²² lun⁴¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ lun³³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² lun²²/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ lun³³/

/bo¹³⁻²² lun²²/

/bu¹³⁻²² lun²²/

/bu²⁴⁻²² lun⁴¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² lun²²/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ luŋ³⁵/

/ɦu²² lən⁴⁴/

Whether you want Chinese or Japanese food, the buffet will have what you like.

Wúlùn nǐ xiǎng chī Zhōngguócài háishì Rìběn liàolǐ, zìzhùcān dōu huì yǒu nǐ xǐhuān de.

無論你想吃中國菜還是日本料理，自助餐都會有你喜歡的。

无论你想吃中国菜还是日本料理，自助餐都会有你喜欢的。

No matter when or where you have any difficulties or questions, please feel free to contact me.

Wúlùn héshí hédì, zhǐyào nǐ yǒu kùnnan huò yǒu rènhé yíwèn, dōu huānyíng suíshí liánxì wǒ.

無論何時何地，只要你有困難或有任何疑問，都歡迎隨時聯繫我。

无论何时何地，只要你有困难或有任何疑问，都欢迎随时联系我。

no matter (what, how, etc.); regardless of; whether

They then enquired about the politics of the day, ignorant of the establishment of the Han dynasty, and of course of the later dynasties which had succeeded it.

421, Tao Yuanming (陶淵明) The Peach-Blossom Fountain (《桃花源記》). English text based on the translation by Herbert Allen Giles, 1922.

Wèn jīn shì héshì, nǎi bùzhī yǒu Hàn, wúlùn Wèi Jìn.

問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。

问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。


加上

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ sœːŋ¹³/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ siaŋ³³/

/ka⁵⁵ zɑ̃²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ sœːŋ¹³/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ siaŋ³³/

/ka⁵⁵ zɑ̃²¹/


untat

From und + that. Compare Old English oþþæt, Old High German untaz.


假使

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː³⁵ siː³⁵/

/ka³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly³³/

/ka⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁵³/

/ka⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴¹/

/ka⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁵³/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴¹/

/kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁵³/

/t͡ɕia³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː³⁵ siː³⁵/

/ka³³⁻³⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly³³/

/ka⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁵³/

/ka⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴¹/

/ka⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁵³/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴¹/

/kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁵³/

/t͡ɕia³³ sz̩⁴⁴/


soviel

Soviel ich weiß, [...]


jeno

Polish: jeno

Bocz panami stogy weszele, ... i oth nich wszytkø dobrocz mami, gedno na to szamy dbaymy

1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 88:

(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) but at least

Iaco Yan Oleszski swey szestrze niczs wanczey ne vinowath, yedno to, czso yey obranczil

1902 [1404], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 219:

Iaco Ian ne ranczil za kmecza niczsz daley, yedno do Buku

1902 [1408], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 358:

(attested in Greater Poland) Denotes maximums in comparisons; as

A chocz gest ogon, gedno pamøcz smercy

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 137b:

Azalyby nye mogl bycz zbavyon rodzay czlovyeczy, yedno eszby ty czyrpyal (non potest genus hominum aliter salvari, nisi te oporteat ab impiis necari)?

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 167:

(attested in Lesser Poland) if not; unless

Bog... yethno mv drzewo zakasal, by go ophszeyky nye rvszal, ... rzeknacz yemv: Gyethno ruszych, tedy pewno vmrzecz mvszysz

1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 131:

(attested in Masovia) if at least; if ... just

Gedno ysze zakon twoy myslene moge gest, tegdy snadz zghynal bych (nisi quod lex tua meditatio mea est, tunc forte periissem)

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 118, 92:

Gyedno przyszla zona gyego, a scz[ą]glą rąka do nyego, esz gyey w rąka wpathl lyst

1451-1455, Legenda o świętym Aleksym, line 233:


jahka

Perhaps derived from ja (for the suffix, compare ehkä < e-). May also be a contraction of ja ehkä.

Ymmärrät kyllä, jahka tulet vanhemmaksi.

Lähden kotiin, jahka saan tämän työn valmiiksi.

I'll go home as soon as I finish this project.

once, when, as soon as; used to refer to an expected event in the future


serta

From Malay serta, from Sanskrit [Term?].


ώσπου

head

ώσπου • (óspou)

el-conjunction

ώσπου • (óspou)

ώ‧σπου ώσ‧που

From Byzantine Greek ὥσπου (hṓspou), consisting of ὥς (hṓs, “as”) πού (poú, “where”).

Ήμουν άνεργος, ώσπου με προσέλαβαν στο αεροδρόμιο.

I was unemployed, until they hired me at the airport.

Ímoun ánergos, óspou me prosélavan sto aerodrómio.


'cept

“’Cept I do hurt people sometimes, Case. I guess it’s just the way I’m wired.”

1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 25:


雖則

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/sui⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪk̚³²/

/sø⁵⁵ t͡səʔ²¹/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/sui⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪk̚³²/

/sø⁵⁵ t͡səʔ²¹/

(literary or dialectal) even if; even though


尤も

but then, though (of course), though (in fact), although


κι

ένα κι ένα κάνουν δύο

και και#Greek


𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽

got-con

𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 • (aþþan)

From an uncertain conjunction + 𐌸𐌰𐌽 (þan, “then”). The former could be from either Proto-Germanic *ak (“but”) or possibly from a conjunction representing *aþi, *adi (“but”); see also Latin at (“but”).


nonnisi

[ˈnoːnːɪs̠ɪ]


și

Inherited from Latin sīc (“thus, so, like, in this way”).


și

Inherited from Latin sīc (“thus, so, like, in this way”). Compare Aromanian shi, Megleno-Romanian și.
Possibly related to Italian sia (originally a subjunctive form of essere “to be”) as in the construction sia … sia … (“both … and …”), which is equivalent to Romanian și … și ….

cog

originally a subjunctive form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">essere</i> “to be”

Am în cont douăzeci și trei de mii șase sute patruzeci și unu de lei.

I have twenty-three thousand six hundred forty-one lei in my account.

― Câte ture ai alergat? ― Două și jumătate.

“How many laps did you run?” “Two and a half.”

Connects the nonzero digit in the ones place to the rest of a number greater than 20, the way a hyphen does in English writing, or a fraction to the whole.

Used as a question by itself in dialogue to mean “and what?”.

În Japonia, procesul și condamnarea.

Nu este realist în marketingul telefonic apelul și vânzarea.

A sale for every call is unrealistic in telephone marketing.

În toamna lui 1940, în Londra era ziua și bombardamentul.

In the autumn of 1940, in London there would be an air raid every day.

(informal) Connects two items in close causal connection and a one-to-one proportion, typically in elliptical sentences.

„Republica Democrată Germană”? Ei și democrația!

“German Democratic Republic”? They and democracy—what a joke!

(informal) Ironically, within an exclamation, connects a topic of discussion with a trait or association deemed incompatible.

Orice profesor știe că există copii și copii.

Any teacher knows there are all sorts of children.

Placed between two repetitions of a noun to remark on the diversity in the ranks of said noun.

Temperatura urcă și urcă.

Placed between two repetitions of a word to signify incessantness.

În sertar sunt hârtii și câteva pixuri și creioane.

In the drawer there are papers and a few pens and pencils.

(Northwestern Transylvania) Synonym of să: to, in order to


atqui

notwithstanding, however, rather, but now, but nevertheless


wakuwaku

-wakuwaku (canonical)
endiwakuwaku (attributive first-person positive singular)
endingewakuwaku (attributive first-person negative singular)
ndiwakuwaku (attributive copulative first-person positive singular)
andiwakuwaku (attributive copulative first-person negative singular)
owakuwaku (attributive positive second-person singular)
ongewakuwaku (attributive negative second-person singular)
uwakuwaku (attributive copulative positive second-person singular)
awuwakuwaku (attributive copulative negative second-person singular)
esiwakuwaku (attributive first-person plural positive)
esingewakuwaku (attributive first-person negative plural)
siwakuwaku (attributive copulative first-person plural positive)
asiwakuwaku (attributive copulative first-person negative plural)
eniwakuwaku (attributive plural positive second-person)
eningewakuwaku (attributive negative plural second-person)
niwakuwaku (attributive copulative plural positive second-person)
aniwakuwaku (attributive copulative negative plural second-person)
owakuwaku (attributive class-1 positive)
ongewakuwaku (attributive class-1 negative)
uwakuwaku (attributive class-1 copulative positive)
akawakuwaku (attributive class-1 copulative negative)
abawakuwaku (attributive class-2 positive)
abangewakuwaku (attributive class-2 negative)
bawakuwaku (attributive class-2 copulative positive)
abawakuwaku (attributive class-2 copulative negative)
owakuwaku (attributive class-3 positive)
ongewakuwaku (attributive class-3 negative)
uwakuwaku (attributive class-3 copulative positive)
awuwakuwaku (attributive class-3 copulative negative)
ewakuwaku (attributive class-4 positive)
engewakuwaku (attributive class-4 negative)
iwakuwaku (attributive class-4 copulative positive)
ayiwakuwaku (attributive class-4 copulative negative)
eliwakuwaku (attributive class-5 positive)
elingewakuwaku (attributive class-5 negative)
liwakuwaku (attributive class-5 copulative positive)
aliwakuwaku (attributive class-5 copulative negative)
awakuwaku (attributive class-6 positive)
angewakuwaku (attributive class-6 negative)
awakuwaku (attributive class-6 copulative positive)
awawakuwaku (attributive class-6 copulative negative)
esiwakuwaku (attributive class-7 positive)
esingewakuwaku (attributive class-7 negative)
siwakuwaku (attributive class-7 copulative positive)
asiwakuwaku (attributive class-7 copulative negative)
eziwakuwaku (attributive class-8 positive)
ezingewakuwaku (attributive class-8 negative)
ziwakuwaku (attributive class-8 copulative positive)
aziwakuwaku (attributive class-8 copulative negative)
ewakuwaku (attributive class-9 positive)
engewakuwaku (attributive class-9 negative)
iwakuwaku (attributive class-9 copulative positive)
ayiwakuwaku (attributive class-9 copulative negative)
eziwakuwaku (attributive class-10 positive)
ezingewakuwaku (attributive class-10 negative)
ziwakuwaku (attributive class-10 copulative positive)
aziwakuwaku (attributive class-10 copulative negative)
oluwakuwaku (attributive class-11 positive)
olungewakuwaku (attributive class-11 negative)
luwakuwaku (attributive class-11 copulative positive)
aluwakuwaku (attributive class-11 copulative negative)
obuwakuwaku (attributive class-14 positive)
obungewakuwaku (attributive class-14 negative)
buwakuwaku (attributive class-14 copulative positive)
abuwakuwaku (attributive class-14 copulative negative)
okuwakuwaku (attributive class-15 positive)
okungewakuwaku (attributive class-15 negative)
kuwakuwaku (attributive class-15 copulative positive)
akuwakuwaku (attributive class-15 copulative negative)
okuwakuwaku (attributive class-17 positive)
okungewakuwaku (attributive class-17 negative)
kuwakuwaku (attributive class-17 copulative positive)
akuwakuwaku (attributive class-17 copulative negative)


etiamsi

[ɛt̪iˈä̃ːs̠iː]

Univerbation of etiam (“yet”) + sī (“if”).


nedum

aegre inermem tantam multitudinem, nedum armatam, sustineri posse

we could hardly resist an unarmed crowd, let alone an armed one


hwanda

From Proto-Germanic *hwandê. Compare Old Dutch wanda, Old High German wanta.


𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴

got-con

𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴 • (þandē)


כה

בדאן כה אין כתאב בן המלך והנזיר אוֿלא בזבאן יונאני בודה אסת ותֿאני בלגֿת ערבי אנתקאל יאפֿתה.

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

Know that this book, The Prince and the Ascetic, was first in Greek and secondly translated into the Arabic language.

bedân ke in ketâb-e ben ha-malak wa ha-nazer avvalan be zabân-e yunân bude ast o sâni be loğat-e arab enteqâl yâfte.


quandoquidem

[kʷän̪ˈd̪oːkʷɪd̪ɛ̃ˑ]

[kʷän̪ˈd̪ɔkʷɪd̪ɛ̃ˑ]

Univerbation of quandō (“when, now that”) + quidem (“restricting particle”).

univ

MENAECHMVS Līberem ego tē? MESSENIO Vērum, quandŏquidem, ere, tē servāvī... MEN. Quid est?

c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 5.7.line 1024, (trochaic septenarius)

MEN. I should free you? MES. Sure, seeing as I saved your life, master... MEN. What's that?

Quandŏquidem et illī peccant, quōs minimē putēs, et […]

1st century CE, Phaedrus, Fabulae Aesopiae 3.10.52, (iambic senarius)

Since even those whom you would least expect are sometimes at fault, and […]


в то время как

head

в то вре́мя как

в то вре́мя как • (v to vrémja kak)

в то вре́мя как (canonical)
v to vrémja kak (romanization)

LL-Q7737 (rus)-Tatiana Kerbush-в то время как.wav

Но они́ все малоро́слые, худы́е, в то вре́мя как вы — то́лстые, больши́е.
No oní vse maloróslyje, xudýje, v to vrémja kak vy — tólstyje, bolʹšíje.
But they are all stunted and thin, while you are big and stout.


בעוד

he-con

בְּעוֹד • (b'ód)

הָלַכְתִּי לַמַּכֹּלֶת בְּעוֹד אִשְׁתִּי נָסְעָה לַחֲדַר הַכֹּשֶׁר.

I went to the grocery store while my wife drove to the gym.

halákhti lamakólet b'ód iští nas'á laħadár hakóšer.

והנה, נראה שבשנים האחרונות שמן הזית עובר תהליך דומה. בעוד בעבר נהגנו להזליף ממנו מעט על צלחת החומוס ועל סלט הירקות, כיום, לאחר שסלל את דרכו בהתמדה אל צמרת הקולינריה במטבח הישראלי והעולמי, אפשר לגלות אותו במגוון מזונות מפואר: מאפים, עוגיות ואפילו גלידות.

2011 June 10, Smadar Cohen-Turkle (סמדר כהן-טרקל), “שמן זית: איך לבחור ואיזה סוג הוא הכי טוב?” (shémen záyit: éikh livkhór v'éize súg hú hakhí tóv, “Olive oil: How to choose and which kind is the best”), on Ynet

And here, it looks like in the last few years, olive oil is undergoing a similar process. While in the past we used to spray a little bit of it on a plate of hummus or on vegetable salad, today, after it's made its way by inertia to the culinary summit in Israeli and global cuisine, it can be found in a magnificent array of foods: baked goods, cookies, and even ice creams.

v'hine, nir'é shebashaním ha'akharonót shémen hazáyit ovér tahalíkh domé. B'ód ba'avár nahágnu l'hazlíf miménu m'át ál tsalákhat hakhúmus v'ál salát hay'rakót, kayóm, l'akhár shesalál ét darkó b'hatmadá él tsaméret hakulinárya bamitbákh hayisr'elí v'ha'olamí, efshár l'galót otó b'migván m'zonót m'fo'ár: ma'afím, ugiót, va'afílu g'lídot.


причём

head

причём • (pričóm)

[prʲɪˈt͡ɕɵm]

причём изве́стно, что

причём ка́ждый из них напо́лнен разли́чным конте́нтом

with each of them being filled with a different content.

pričóm káždyj iz nix napólnen razlíčnym kontɛ́ntom


daer

Dutch: daar

From Old Dutch thar, from Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar.


kuando

lad-conj

kuando (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling קואנדו)

Akoruto, kuando afita una trajediya, munchos bushkan a deskuvrir un lado positivo.

2019 February 27, Metin DELEVİ, “El Samuray ke salvo a miles de djudios de los nazis”, in Şalom:

Often, when a tragedy takes place, many people try to discover a positive side.


now that

Now that you mention it, I am kind of hungry.

Now that we're all here, let's start the meeting. / Let's start the meeting now that everyone's here.

Now that we know each other a little better, we get along fine.

Now that I think of it, I acted the same way when I was his age.

As a consequence of the fact that; since.


きゃ

(colloquial) Contraction of ければ (-kereba)

(colloquial) Contraction of くちゃ (-kucha)


ちゃ

お客が来りゃア、待しちゃ置やせん

1813, Shikitei Sanba, Kokkeibon (滑稽本), Ukiyodoko (浮世床): part 1 (初)

When our customers come, we won't keep them waiting, sir.


ܘܠܐ

aii-conjunction

ܘܠܵܐ • (w-lā)

From ܘ- (w-, “and”) + ܠܵܐ (lā, “not”); compare Hebrew וָלֹא (való) and Arabic وَلَا (walā).

ܓܲܒ݂ܪܹ̈ܐ ܕܟܹܐ ܦܵܠܫܝܼ ܩܵܐ ܕܲܗܒ݂ܵܐ ܠܲܝܬ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܐܝܼܩܵܪܵܐ ܘܠܵܐ ܬܟ݂ܝܼܠܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ.

Men who fight for gold have neither honor nor loyalty.

gaḇrē d-kē pālšī qā dahḇā layt lhōn īqārā w-lā tḵīlūṯā.

ܠܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܐܵܟ݂ܠܹܢ ܘܠܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܫܵܬ݂ܹܝܢ ܗܲܠ ܕܕܵܥܹܪ ܐܸܠܝܼ

I will not eat nor drink until he returns to me.

lā bit āḵlēn w-lā bit šāṯēn hal d-dāˁēr ilī


dan wel

We wisten nog niet of het een jongen zou worden, dan wel een meisje.

We didn’t know yet if it was going to be a boy or a girl.

Dit vereist de toestemming van de ouders dan wel de voogd.

This requires parental or guardian consent.

or, or else (often used in the combination “ of ... dan wel”.)


γιάντα

head

γιάντα • (giánta)

el-conjunction

γιάντα • (giánta)

Combination of conjunction για (“for”) or διά (diá) + pronoun είντα (eínta, “what?, whom?”).

Synonym of γιατί (giatí) & διότι (dióti, “because”) (Standard Modern Greek)

γιατί γιατί#Greek

(causative) Cretan dialect form of γιατί (giatí, “(because, or why?)”)


ровно

head

ро́вно • (róvno)

(vernacular) as if, as though, like (expresses an uncertain assumption)


gnanca

From anca. Compare Venetian gnanca, nianca, nanca, Italian neanche, Friulian nancje.


gnanca

Univerbation of gne + anca. Compare Italian neanche, Friulian nancje.


silloin kun

silloin (“then, at that time”) + kun (“when”)

Silloin, kun olin lapsi, televisiota ei vielä oltu keksitty.

When I was a child, television had not been invented yet.


nyt kun

Nyt, kun sähköt ovat poikki, emme voi katsoa sitä elokuvaa.

Now that the electricity supply is out, we cannot watch that movie.

now that (as a consequence of the fact that; since)


aczkolwiek

From earlier aczkolwie under influence of -kolwiek. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech ačkoli.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “aczkolwiek”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Etsi, Aczkolwiek. Tametsi idem

Quamlibet, pro quantūlibet, Aczkolwiek; Quanquam coniunctio casualis Aczkolwiek; Quamvis coniunctio adversativa idem significans, Aczkolwiek

Quantumcunque adverb. [...] Aczkolwiek; Quantunvis adverbium. Aczkolwiek/ niechay będźie yáko chce.

Tametsi copulativa particula in principiis orationum posita indicativo gaudet, Secundo etiam loco subiunctivo Aczkolwiek

Acżkolwiek. Quanquam

1579, A. Calagius, Synonyma Latina, page 571a:

Etsi ‒ Aczkolwiek

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 374b:

Licet ‒ wolno ieſt. Aczkolwiek

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 602a:

Quanquam ‒ Acżkolwnk [!]

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 886a:

Tametsi — Acżkolwieti [!]

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 1046a:

(Middle Polish) though; Further details are uncertain.


quoy que

French: quoique


fördem

He wer Fischer, fördem he Suldat wer.

He was a fisher before he was a soldier.


fördęm

Hei wir Fischer, fördęm hei Suldat wir.

(Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian) Alternative form of fördem : before


beför

Cognate with English before, German bevor.

Ęt man de Brade, beför Du Kauken willst.


ehr

From Middle Low German êr, from Old Saxon ēr, from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *airiz, originally a comparative form (= ‘earlier’).
Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐍃 (airis), Old Norse ár (“early”, adjective), árla (“early”, adverb) (> Danish and Norwegian årle), Old High German ēr (German eher), Old Frisian ēr, Dutch eer.

Vertell (or: Tell) mi düt, ehr ik gah.


vördęm

(Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian) Alternative spelling of fördęm


pource que

French: parce que


en cambio

Los defensores de la doctrina, en cambio, la presentan como la evolución natural del derecho humanitario internacional.

2020 July 28, “Después del orden internacional liberal”, in El País:

The proponents of the doctrine, however, present it as natural evolution of international humanitarian law.

instead, however, but, on the other hand, in contrast, by contrast, conversely, on the contrary


なお

nao (romanization)
nafo (romanization)
なほ (hiragana historical)

/napo/ → /nafo/ → /nawo/ → /nao/
From Old Japanese.

moreover, furthermore, in addition, note that


もとい

AもといB


on account

Take your three days off, Mr. Barlow, only don't expect to be paid for them on account you're thinking up some fancy ideas.

‘Well, we come on this pisswater river, running high on account there'd been rains.’

1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 466:

(colloquial) On account of the fact that; because.


也不

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/jaː¹³ pɐt̚⁵/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/jaː¹³ pɐt̚⁵/


yed

(Volapük Rigik) yet, nevertheless, but, however


no obstant

nevertheless; nonetheless; still; however


lr

(Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of eller (“or”).


éier

From Old High German ēr, from Proto-Germanic *airiz. Cognate with German eher, English ere.


gdybyście

/ɡdɘˈbɘɕ.t͡ɕɛ/


gdybyśmy

/ɡdɘˈbɘɕ.mɘ/


si non

French: sinon


soss

From Middle High German sus, from Old High German sus. Cognate with German sonst, Dutch zus.

Du muss dech fläissen, soss verpass du den Zuch.

You must hurry up, or else you will miss the train.


假如

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu³⁵/

/kaː³⁵ jyː²¹/

/ka³³⁻²¹ y⁵³/

/ka⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lu²⁴/

/kɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi¹³/

/ka⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zu²³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu³⁵/

/kaː³⁵ jyː²¹/

/ka³³⁻²¹ y⁵³/

/ka⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lu²⁴/

/kɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi¹³/

/ka⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zu²³/


假如

chữ Hán form of giả như (“if; in case; supposing; if only”).


jekk

Uncertain. Possibly from Arabic إِنْ كَانَ (ʔin kāna, “if be”) or Arabic يَكُون (yakūn, “to be”). Compare Moroccan Arabic ياك (yāk).

u jekk tiġi u jekk ma tiġix.


за да

Тя се изправи, за да вижда над тълпата.

Tja se izpravi, za da vižda nad tǎlpata.

Хората идват тук, за да осигурят по-добър живот на децата си.

People come here to give their children a better life.

Horata idvat tuk, za da osigurjat po-dobǎr život na decata si.

За да преуспеят, компаниите трябва да продават продуктите си на конкурентни цени.

In order to succeed, companies have to sell their products at competitive prices.

Za da preuspejat, kompaniite trjabva da prodavat produktite si na konkurentni ceni.

Той трябва да умре, за да живеят други.

Toj trjabva da umre, za da živejat drugi.


за да не

Той не иска да излезе навън, за да не бъде изяден от онези изгладнели орли.

He won't go outside, lest he be eaten by those ravenous eagles

Toj ne iska da izleze navǎn, za da ne bǎde izjaden ot onezi izgladneli orli.

И за да не си помислиш, че се шегувам, те уверявам, че всичко, което казах, е истина.

And lest you think I'm joking, let me assure you that everything I've said is true.

I za da ne si pomisliš, če se šeguvam, te uverjavam, če vsičko, koeto kazah, e istina.

Лъвицата трябва да се промъкне крадешком зад жертвата си, за да не бъде забелязана.

The lioness has to creep up behind her prey so as not to be noticed.

Lǎvicata trjabva da se promǎkne kradeškom zad žertvata si, za da ne bǎde zabeljazana.


entäpä

[ˈe̞n̪t̪æpæ]


nodeem

Nodeem den Herodes gestuerwe war, ass en Engel vum Här dem Jouseph an Ägypten am Dram erschéngen

Luxembourgish translation of Matthew 2:19

After Herod had died, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in Egypt in a dream


زیرا

head

زیرا • (zirâ)

→ Azerbaijani: zira

desc

→ Middle Armenian: զէրէ (zērē), զէրայ (zēray), զէրա (zēra)

Armenian: զերե (zere)

→ Ottoman Turkish: زیرا (zira)

Turkish: zira

→ Armenian: զիրա (zira)

From classical compound از (az, “of”) + ایرا (ērā, “because”).

چون که زیرا (colloquial)

equivalent to English “because I said so” (literally, “because because”)


а... а...

А вземе пари, а ги изхарчи.

No sooner does she lay her hands on some cash than she spends it.

А заплаче, а се засмее.

One moment he’s crying, the next he’s laughing.

А се събуди, а пусне радиото.

He’ll switch on the radio the moment he wakes up.

used to indicate immediate succession of events, no sooner... than..., the moment, directly


ܘ-

From Aramaic וְ־ (wə-), from Proto-Semitic *wa; compare Arabic وَ- (wa-), Hebrew וְ־ (ve-).

ܟܹܐ ܐܵܟ݂ܠܸܢ ܡܲܣܬܵܐ ܘܟܸܠܹܝܟ̰ܹ̈ܐ

ܥܒ݂ܝܼܪ ܠܹܗ ܒܓܲܘ ܒܲܝܬܵܐ ܘܐܵܢܵܐ ܕܡܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ

He entered the house while I was asleep.

ܐܸܟ݂ܘܿܠ ܘܦܘܼܡܘܿܟ݂ ܐܲܛܝܼܡܵܐ

various other senses: yet, also, for, but, however, since, because, that, in order that, or, even, again


ܘ-

From Proto-Semitic *wa. Compare Arabic وَ- (wa-), Hebrew וְ־ (wə-).


ܚܠܦ

head

ḥəlāp̄, ḥulāp̄

ܚܠܦ • (ḥəlāp̄, ḥulāp̄)

syc-con

ḥəlāp̄, ḥulāp̄

ܚܠܦ • (ḥəlāp̄, ḥulāp̄)

ḥəlāp̄ (romanization)
ḥulāp̄ (romanization)

From the root ܚ-ܠ-ܦ (ḥ-l-p) related to changing. Compare Hebrew חֵלֶף (ḥḗlep̄).

(preceding -ܗܝ ܕ) so that, in order that


そもそも

1945, 大東亞戰爭終結ノ詔書
抑々帝國臣民ノ康寧ヲ圖リ
Somosomo teikoku shinmin no kōnei o hakari
To strive for the well-being and security of the empire's subjects

in the first place, to begin with, (in a question) at all


whilome

Subjects their King, the King his Subjects greets, / VVhilome the Scepter and the Plough-ſtaffe meets.

1647, Theodore de la Guard [pseudonym; Nathaniel Ward], The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America. […], London: […] J[ohn] D[ever] & R[obert] I[bbitson] for Stephen Bowtell, […], →OCLC, page 77:


като че

head

като́ че • (kató če)

като́ че (canonical)
kató če (romanization)

[kɐˈtɔ t͡ʃɛ]

Прави се, като че нищо не се беше случило.

Pravi se, kato če ništo ne se beše slučilo.

Кучето махаше с опашка, като че казваше „Добре дошли!“
Kučeto mahaše s opaška, kato če kazvaše „Dobre došli!“
The dog wagged its tail as though it were saying “Welcome back!”


като да

като́ да • (kató da)

като́ да (canonical)
kató da (romanization)

LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-като да.wav

Прави се, като да не знае нищо.

Тя се протегна, като да докосне лицето ми.

She reached out, as though to touch my face.

Tja se protegna, kato da dokosne liceto mi.


като че ли

като́ че ли • (kató če li)

като́ че ли (canonical)
kató če li (romanization)

Прави се, като че ли нищо не се беше случило.

Pravi se, kato če li ništo ne se beše slučilo.

Кучето махаше с опашка, като че ли казваше „Добре дошли!“
Kučeto mahaše s opaška, kato če li kazvaše „Dobre došli!“
The dog wagged its tail as though it were saying “Welcome back!”


𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰

𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 𐍃𐍉 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌸 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳.

But this people who knoweth not the law are cursed. (KJV)

alja sō managei þaiei ni kunnun witōþ fraqiþanai sind.


kote

Kote ou prale, mwen prale avè ou. Kote ou rete, m'a rete avè ou. Se moun pa ou yo ki va moun pa m'. Bondye w'ap sèvi a, se li m'a sèvi tou.

Where you will go, I will go with you. Where you will stay, I will stay with you. Your people will be my people. Your God will be my God.


𐌹𐌸

𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿 𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍉𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽, 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿, 𐌹𐌸 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 𐌽𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿, 𐌽𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃 𐌹𐌼.

And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing. (KJV)

jah jabai habau praufētjans jah witjau allaizē runōs jah all kunþi jah habau alla galaubein, swaswē fairgunja miþsatjau, iþ friaþwa ni habau, ni waihts im.


𐌾𐌰𐌷

From Proto-Germanic *jahw. By surface analysis, 𐌾𐌰 (ja) + -𐌿𐌷 (-uh).


şayet

From Ottoman Turkish شاید (şayed), from Persian شاید (šâyad).


që

From Proto-Albanian *kai. Alternatively from Latin quī.

Është ai që po kërkojmë.

A kishe parë librat që bleva?

Have you seen the books (that) I bought?


næs

From nals, nālæs, nāles, nālles (“not at all, by no means, absolutely not”), from a blend of nā (“never”) + ealles (“completely”). Cognate with Old Frisian nās (“not, not at all”).


as much as

Take as much as you like.

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see as, much.

niin paljon kuin

other than with a figurative or idiomatic meaning (as + much)

He likes caramel as much as he likes fudge.

The second union panel, "The Future of Clerical and Service Work: Unionization," consisted entirely of union organizers […] each stressed the need for grassroots organizing, coalitions, and community involvement, and seemed to view the government as an adversary as much as an ally.

1985 December 7, Pam Mitchell, Stephanie Poggi, “Feminists & the State Discuss Women at Work”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 21, page 6:

Used to say that two things are equal in amount or degree

yhtä paljon kuin

He earns nearly as much as she does.

Used to say that an amount is as large as another amount

As much as I dislike him, I still voted for him.

For as much as the Downton Abbey alum has capitalized on his leading-man presentability—how suited he is to wearing suits—his best performances play deviously on that quality.

2021 September 16, A. A. Dowd, “Dan Stevens as a dashing robot lover? That computes”, in AV Club:

Even though; despite the fact that; much as.


kerana

From Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause; reason”) (compare Indonesian karena). Doublet of kerani.

Keranamu kami bebas merdeka,
Keranamu nyawa dipertaruhkan,
Keranamu rela kami berjuang,
Demi bangsa kedaulatan negara.

2000, “Keranamu Malaysia”, Siso Kopratasa (Syed Indera Syed Omar) (lyrics), Pak Ngah (Suhaimi Mohd Zain) (music):

Because of you we are free and independent,
Because of you lives were at stake,
Because of you we are willing to fight,
For our nation and sovereignty.


ωσότου

head

ωσότου • (osótou)

el-conjunction

ωσότου • (osótou)

From Ancient Greek ἕως ὅτου (héōs hótou), consisting of ἕως (héōs, “until”) + ὅτου (hótou), genitive singular of ὅστις (hóstis, “whoever, whichever”).

Η μάνα έκατσε στο προσκέφαλο του παιδιού της, ωσότου το πήρε ο ύπνος.

The mother sat at her child's bedside until he was asleep.

I mána ékatse sto proskéfalo tou paidioú tis, osótou to píre o ýpnos.


ts.

Abbreviation of toisin sanoen (“in other words”).


μέχρις

head

μέχρις • (mékhris)

grc-conjunction

μέχρις • (mékhris)


samoin kuin

samoin (“in the same way”) + kuin (“as”)


另一方面

ㄌㄧㄥˋ ㄧ ㄈㄤ ㄇㄧㄢˋ

линъифанмянь

/liŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɪŋ²² jɐt̚⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ miːn²²/

/liŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɪŋ²² jɐt̚⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵ miːn²²/

on the one hand..., on the other hand...

一方面……，另一方面……


ma'

(Cape Afrikaans) Alternative form of maar


välille

[ˈvʲælilːə̟]


sempre que

(with subjunctive) as long as, provided, on the condition that


sempre que

sempre que eles quiserem


αγκαλά

head

αγκαλά • (agkalá)

el-conjunction

αγκαλά • (agkalá)

(dated or literary) although, even though


wherso

From Old English hwǣr + Old English sō; compare Old English phrase swā hwǣr swā.

Whereſo thou come, emong hie or lowe / Kepe well thy tong, and thinke on the crowe

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Prologues”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, “Manciple's Tale”, column 1, lines 360–362:

Wherever you come from, among high or low / Hold your tongue, and remember the crow

c. 1491, Anonymous, Croxton Play of the Sacrement, lines 336-337

Sir, almighty God be your guide, / And be glad wherever you rest!

Syr, almyghty God mott be yowr gyde, / And glad yow wheresoo ye rest!

(locative) wherever, in whatever place, wheresoever

2000, Walter Hilton, Thomas H. Bestul (Editor), The Scale of Perfection [published c. 1475], republished by Medival Institute Publications in Kalamazoo, Michigan, chapter 40, lines 1068-1069.
For oure Lord gyveth sundri giftes whereso He wole, not oon man al, ne alle men oon, outaken charité whiche is comyn to alle

For our Lord gives gifts however he wills, not on all men, nor all on men, except for charity which is common to all.

(non-locative) in whatever case, however


𐌰𐌺

(after a negative sentence) but, however


𐌰𐌿𐌺

From Proto-Germanic *auk, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg-. Cognate with English eke.


histoire de

Maupassant - Contes du jour et de la nuit
Plus il entrait de buveurs, plus il fallait hurler dans le vacarme des voix et des dominos tapés sur le marbre, histoire de faire plus de bruit encore.

The more drinkers that entered, the more they had to yell above the pell-mell of voices and dominos clinking on marble, resulting in even more noise being made.


outcept

Look not so near, with hope to understand, Out-cept, sir, you can read with the left hand.

a. 1638 (date written), Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Under-woods. Consisting of Divers Poems. (please specify the poem)”, in The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. The Second Volume. […] (Second Folio), London: […] Richard Meighen, published 1640, →OCLC:


אולם

head

אוּלָם • (ulám)

אינני יודע אם אהיה שר חקלאות טוב, אולם דבר אחד אני יכול להבטיח – אצלי גשמים ירדו כסידרם.
einéni yodéa im ehyé sar-khakla'út tóv, ulám davár ekhád aní yakhól l'havtíakh – ets'lí g'shamím yer'dú k'sid'rám.

I don't know if I will be a good agriculture minister, but one thing I can promise is that on my land, rain will fall regularly.


howsomever

Howsomever, a bullet passes between my arm—just here, and my side, and striked him dead upon the spot.

1830, [Frederick Marryat], chapter VI, in The King’s Own. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 95:

But, howsomever, Cephas wuz took sick, Sally Ann wuzn't able to do anything for their support, S. Annie wuz took down with the typhus, and so it happened the very day the monument wuz brought to the Loontown cemetery, Cephas Bodley's folks wuz carried to the county house, S. Annie, the children and all.

1890, Josiah Allen’s wife [i.e., Marietta Holley], Samantha Among the Brethren, Complete:

"I've come, howsomever, your mind to light With a more superior fire: You'll have naught hencefor'ard to do but write, While I sets by and inspire.

1892, Ambrose Bierce, Black Beetles in Amber:

The old woman is over to one of the neighbors', and there ain't no one home but me; howsomever, I'm equal to any two."

There's one thing certain, howsomever, which is that jest now an hundred of our people could walk through the entire encampment without bein' called upon to spill a drop of blood."

1911, James Otis, The Minute Boys of the Mohawk Valley:


მარა

desc

→? Laz: მანა (mana), მარა (mara) — Atina

→? Mingrelian: მარა (mara)

→? Svan: მარ (mar)

Akin to Mingrelian მორო (moro), Laz მორო (moro), Svan მარ (mar). Similarity with Georgian მაგრამ (magram) is seemingly accidental.


მარა

მანა მანა#Laz


edhe

From an older form ênde (attested in F. Bardhi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old Norse eða (“and”), Danish end (“but”), Swedish än (“yet, but”), Icelandic enn (“still, yet”), German und (“and”), English and.


dangan

[ˈd̪aː.ŋɐn̪]


sithe

Wherefore (O kyng) I speake as one for all, / Sithe all as one do beare you egall faith:

1561, Thomas Norton, Thomas Sackville, Gorboduc; or, Ferrex and Porrex, Smith, Lucy Toulmin, editor, Heilbronn, published 1883, act 1, scene 2, page 13:


及び

Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

From the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 及(およ)ぶ (oyobu, “to reach”).
Compare Middle Korean 밋 (mìs) / Korean 및 (mit) from Middle Korean 밋다〮 (mìstá).

ja-ryk

1936, 柳宗悦, 日本民藝館について, 青空文庫:

ただし毎月曜日及び大祭日は休館。

Tadashi mai-getsuyōbi oyobi taisaijitsu wa kyūkan.

But it's closed on Mondays and holidays.


alse

Dutch: als

Weakened form of also, from Old Dutch alsō, from al + sō.


რომ

მეცნიერი ფიქრობდა, რომ მართალი იყო

ურემი რომ გადაბრუნდება, გზა მაშინ გამოჩნდებაო
uremi rom gadabrundeba, gza mašin gamočndebao
Only after the misfortune finally comes, the way out gets visible
(literally, “When an araba turns over the way will be shown”)

სახლში ახლა რომ წავიდე, მშიერი მოვკვდები.

saxlši axla rom c̣avide, mšieri movḳvdebi.


kand

Kand il esis yuna, lu natis en la rivero.

When he was young, he would swim in the river.


jabai

Proto-West Germanic: *jabē, *jabu

Old English: ġef, ġif

Middle English: yef, yif

Scots: gif, gyf, gin

English: if, gin

desc

Old Frisian: gef, ief, jef, jeft, ef, of, jof, *if

Saterland Frisian: af, of

West Frisian: of

Old Saxon: ef, af, of

Middle Low German: jof, af, of, ef, if, ift, ifte, *icht, ichte, eft, aft, oft

German Low German: of

Old Dutch: of

Middle Dutch: of, ofte, ochte

Dutch: of

Old High German: ibu, oba, uba, ubi, upa, upi

Middle High German: obe, ob, op

German: ob

Yiddish: אויב (oyb)

desctree

Old Norse: ef, if
Icelandic: ef
Old Swedish: ef, em, um
Swedish: om
Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: um (influenced by um < umb)
Old Danish: æf, æm, um
Danish: om
Norwegian Bokmål: om
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: om

desc

Gothic: 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 (jabai), 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 (ibai), 𐌹𐌱𐌰 (iba);

⇒ Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 (niba), 𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 (nibai)

From *jabai (“on (the) condition”), dative case of *jabą (“condition, stipulation, hesitation, doubt”), from *ja, demonstrative/relative pronoun; or from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós (“already”). Cognate with Lithuanian jei (“if, when”), Albanian po.


kintu

Inherited from Assamese কিন্তু (kintu), from Sanskrit किन्तु (kintu).


þei

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of þouȝ (“though”)


awo

Inherited from Old Polish awo. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + wo.


whereout

There was one upon a time, who being of this mind, that there was nothing ſo honeſt as to crave and receive, begged of Archelaus the king of Macedonie (as he ſate at ſupper) the cup of golde whereout he drunke himſelfe; […]

1603, Plutarch, “Of Vnseemely and Navghty Bashfvlnesse”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Philosophie, Commonlie Called, The Morals […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield, →OCLC, page 167:


nhưng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhưng.wav


malama

From ma- (stative preffix) + lama (“torch, light, lamp”).


比方

/pi²¹⁴ fɑŋ⁴/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pi⁵¹ fɑŋ²⁴/

/pei̯³⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/pi²¹⁴ fɑŋ⁴/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pi⁵¹ fɑŋ²⁴/

/pei̯³⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/


nequedum

[ˈnɛkʷɛd̪ʊ̃ˑ]


cãndu

From Latin quandō. Compare Romanian când.


يا

يا ده يا ده.


يا

yā (romanization)
યા (Gujarati Standard)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یا (yā).


يا

يَا هَذَا يَا هَذَا.


يا

معيش وقت اليوم — يا بروح عالنادي يا بشوف صحابي.
maʕīš waʔt il-yōm — ya barūḥ ʕan-nādi ya bašūf ṣḥābi
I don't have time today — I either go to the gym or see my friends.


quanquam

[ˈkʷäŋkʷä̃ˑ]


ains que

Ains qu'il soit vespres

12ᵗʰ Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:


eður

Kemurðu eður ei?


dokle

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do kъ lě. Compare dȍ, k.

ovdj(e) ću čekati dokle se ona ne vrati


සහ

Sinhala script form of saha (“together with”)


ཡང་ན

perhaps, maybe, either...or, else, otherwise


顛倒

/ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ti̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰoʔ⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tʰoʔ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰoʔ¹²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰoʔ⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɤʔ⁴/

/ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ti̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰoʔ⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tʰoʔ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰoʔ¹²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰoʔ⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɤʔ⁴/

/tiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/tiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ²¹/

/tiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ to¹¹/

/tiŋ³³⁻²³ to²¹³/

/teŋ³³⁻²³ to²¹³/

/ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/tiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ²¹/

/tiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ to¹¹/

/tiŋ³³⁻²³ to²¹³/

/teŋ³³⁻²³ to²¹³/

(literary or Taiwanese Hakka, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) instead; on the contrary


altho'

Altho' in dark calig'nous Strain, / My Verſe no Laurels gain:

1766, Thomas Sadler, “Bunch Hesperus: or, The Mock-Artist: A Burleſque Poem.”, in Poems on various subjects. To which is added, The merry miller: or, The country-man's ramble to London, a farce, page 84:


أي

ar-con

أَيْ • (ʔay)


只教

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(archaic) as long as; provided; so long as


ма

Borrowed from some neighbouring language. See Greek μα (ma), Italian ma.

Ще ти купя сладолед, ма друг път.

I will buy you an icecream, however, at another time.

а́ма

however; Ottoman Turkish borrowing of Arabic origin


ма

толат ма уке, мылам садак

ял ма, ола ма - илыш чыла вере икгаяк

in the country or in the city, life is the same everywhere


ма

From Byzantine Greek μά (má), borrowed from Old Italian ma. Cognates include Greek μα (ma).


كيف

From Arabic كَيْفَ (kayfa). Compare Maltese kif.

ما كاين حد كيفنا.


índa

then, and then, only then, at that time, only when


докле

до́кле̄ (canonical)
dóklē (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do kъ lě. Compare до̏, к. Cognate to Russian доколе (dokole).

овдј(е) ћу чекати докле се она не врати


ама

head

а́ма • (áma)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اما (ammâ), from Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā).


ама

head

а́ма • (áma)


ама

а́ма • (áma)

grk-mar-conjunction

а́ма • (áma)


ама

From Ottoman Turkish اما (ammâ), in turn from Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā).


ама

From Proto-Yupik *amǝ-, from Proto-Eskimo *amǝ-.


afur

From Proto-Germanic *afar, *abar, *abur (“after, following”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“away, from”). Akin to Old English eafora (“offspring, successor, descendant”), Old High German after (“after, behind”), Old English æfter (“after, following”). More at after.


иль

head

и́ль • (ílʹ)

Ла́дно ль за́ морем иль ху́до?

(poetic) a shortened version of и́ли (íli): or, or else, either


outher

[...] And shortly, outher he wolde lese his lyf,
Or winnen Emelye un-to his wyf; [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1485-1486

… And shortly, he would either lose his life,
Or win Emelye to be his wife; …


enaunter

From Middle English enaunter, from in, en (“in”) aunter (“adventure”).

Anger would not let him speak to the tree, Enaunter his rage might cooled be, But to the root bent his sturdy stroke

1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “Februarie. Aegloga Se[c]unda.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], →OCLC:

For men of litrature t'endite so fast, them doth not sitte, / Enaunter in them, as in thee, thair pen outrun thair witt; […]

1589, Mar Martine, 5, quoted in 1809, Egerton Brydges, Censura Literaria, page 60

KORITTO: […] For day and night long doth she weare our stone into scrapings, enaunter she pay a grote to set her own.

published in 1946, The Characters of Theophrastus: Newly Edited and Translated by J.M. Edmonds


لو

ar-con

لَوْ • (law)

Gulf Arabic: لو (law)

South Levantine Arabic: لو (law)

لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِمَا آلِهَةٌ إِلَّا ٱللّٰهُ لَفَسَدَتَا

Had there been within the heavens and earth gods besides Allah, they both would have been ruined.

law kāna fīhimā ʔālihatun ʔillā llāhu la-fasadatā

أَوَلَمْ يَهْدِ لِلَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ ٱلْأَرْضَ مِن بَعْدِ أَهْلِهَا أَن لَّوْ نَشَاءُ أَصَبْنَاهُم بِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَنَطْبَعُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ

Has it not become clear to those who inherited the earth after its [previous] people that if We willed, We could afflict them for their sins? But We seal over their hearts so they do not hear.

ʔawalam yahdi li-llaḏīna yariṯūna l-ʔarḍa min baʕdi ʔahlihā ʔan llaw našāʔu ʔaṣabnāhum bi-ḏunūbihim wa-naṭbaʕu ʕalā qulūbihim fahum lā yasmaʕūna

يَوَدُّ الْمُجْرِمُ لَوْ يَفْتَدِي مِنْ عَذَابِ يَوْمِئِذٍ بِبَنِيهِ

The criminal will wish that he could be ransomed from the punishment of that Day by his children.

yawaddu l-mujrimu law yaftadī min ʕaḏābi yawmiʔiḏin bi-banīhi

رُبَمَا يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْلِمِينَ

Perhaps those who disbelieve will wish that they had been Muslims.

rubamā yawaddu allaḏīna kafarū law kānū muslimīna

وَدَّ ود#Arabic

that (often used with the verb وَدَّ (wadda))

وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوا لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّؤُوا مِنَّا

Those who followed will say, "If only we had another turn [at worldly life] so we could disassociate ourselves from them as they have disassociated themselves from us."

wa-qāla llaḏīna ttabaʕū law ʔanna lanā karratan fa-natabarraʔa minhum kamā tabarraʔū minnā


لو

هو لو كان هنا كان قتلك

If he were here, he would've killed you.


áádóó bikʼijįʼ

head

áádóó bikʼijįʼ

áádóó bikʼijįʼ

thereafter, and after that, and then, and then afterward


ខាង

Derived from កាង (kaang, “to extend to the side”) with infixed -h-. Compare similar derivation in ឃាំង (khĕəng, “to obstruct”) from គាំង (kĕəng, “to be stuck”). Possibly related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟkaiŋ (“side, edge”), Tampuan kɛɛŋ (“side”), Eastern Lawa kaŋ (“side, to spread”), Thavung cakɛ̀ːŋ/cakhɛ̀ːŋ (“to lean to one side, side”). See also similar forms in Tai, including ข้าง (kâang, “side”).

cog

cakɛ̀ːŋ/cakhɛ̀ːŋ


awer

Ultimately cognate to German aber. This and the Low German cognate of German oder are conflated in some dialects, resulting in both words being used with both meanings.

awer öck dachte...

fîf awer sess?


awer

From Old High German avur, from Proto-Germanic *afar, *abar, *abur (“after, following”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“away, from”).

Ich kann, awer ich will net.

awer, ap xeele, tanke, knaps – mas, descascar, agradecer, rarefeito.

2008, Ursula Wiesemann, Contribuição ao desenvolvimento de uma ortografia da língua Hunsrik falada na América do Sul, SIL Brasil: Associação Internacional de Lingüística, page 30:

but, to peel, to thank, scarce – but, to peel, to thank, scarce
(note: the words right of the hyphen are in Portuguese)


awer

From Middle High German aver, from Old High German avur, afar. The expected form is *uewer; the a- is probably due to a levelling influence by cognate German aber, since the native forms show many variants (ower, iewer, iewel, ewel, partly through conflation with Middle High German *evenwal; compare Dutch evenwel).

Ech drénke gär Téi, awer ech haasse Kaffi.


por no hablar de

Cabe la sospecha de que Mas sea un gran desconocedor de la cultura y de la historia política de Cataluña, por no hablar de lo que es un Estado.

2015 July 27, “Las listas del bien y del mal”, in El País:


kag

Compare Kinaray-a kag and Masbatenyo kag.

Ang mga siyudad sang Bacolod kag Dumaguete
The cities of Bacolod and Dumaguete


kag

Compare Hiligaynon kag and Masbatenyo kag.


dado que

given that; whereas (it being the case that)


dado que

Ese aparato, dado que las autoridades edilicias no encontraron las piezas para reemplazar el antiquísimo reloj del palacio, compraron un aparato nuevo.

2016 October 14, “La Alcaldía es el palacio de los migueleños”, in elsalvador.com:


რო

(colloquial, nonstandard) Contraction of რომ (rom).


thei

(Early Middle English) Alternative spelling of þei (“though”)


whilis

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:


tahikka

[ˈt̪ɑ̝ɦikːɑ̝]


ὡς

Greek: ως (os)

PIE word
 *yós
From the relative pronoun ὅς (hós) + -ως (-ōs, adverbial suffix).

never used in Classical Attic proseRelative also used in exclamations

indefinite relative used in indirect questions

(to limit or augment the force of adverbs)

(subordinating conjunction or complementizer, introducing dependent or subordinate clause)

(with noun clauses) introducing a clause expressing a fact: that (with indicative or optative)

subordinating conjunction or complementizer; introducing dependent or subordinate clause; subordinating conjunction or complementizer; introducing dependent or subordinate clause

(final) introducing a clause expressing an end or purpose: that, so that, in order that, so (with subjunctive or optative)

(consequential) introducing a clause expressing a result: so that

ὡς καλόν


buat

From Malay buat, from Classical Malay بوات (buat), from Old Malay vuat, from Proto-Malayic *buat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat.


nather

"Weel, then," said Jem, imperfectly comprehending the signs made to him by the reeve, "the hut looks nather to t' south naw to t' north, but to t' west; it feaces t' moor; an there is a path fro' it to Hook Cliff."

1854, William Harrison Ainsworth, The Lancashire Witches:


نہ

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀡 (ṇa), from Sanskrit न (na), likely influenced by Classical Persian نه (na). Doublet of نا (nā).

نہ وہ کھیل دیکھنے گئے نہ ہم۔

Neither they nor we went to see the game.


اگاں

head

اگاں • (agá̃n)


რომელიც

romelic (romanization)
რომლებიც (plural)


儘管

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵²/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵²/


to say nothing of

/tʊ seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ əv/

/tə seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ əv/

She had already eaten a large lunch, to say nothing of a full cooked breakfast that morning.

In a word, there has hardly been any great event, in any part of Europe, in which the Britiſh crown by its miniſters, or the inhabitants of Britain by their valour, have not had a conſiderable part. Sir Thomas Chaloner attended the Emperor Charles V. in his African expedition. The Earl of Eſſex commanded the Engliſh auxiliaries in the ſervice of Henry IV. of France. To ſay nothing of our hoſtile expeditions, in ſupport of the claim of our monarchs to the crown of that kingdom; or of the aſſiſtances given to the French kings, in oppoſition to that claim by the Scots.

1774 March, “11. A Political Survey of Britain; being a Series of Reflections on the Situation, Lands, Inhabitants, Revenues, Colonies, and Commerce of This Island. […] In Two Vols. By John Campbell, LL.D. Printed for the Author. [book review]”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XLIV, London: Printed […], for D[avid] Henry, and sold by F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC, page 132:

The prodigies of this reign can scarce be paralelled in any reign. To say nothing of the King's sister the Dutchess of Orleance being poysoned, nor what was the occasion of it: to say nothing of the Queen Mother and Prince Rupert's leaving the Court in discontent: to say nothing of the thousands that dyed of the plague: to say nothing of the conflagration of London, […]

1867, M. R., “The Last Time of His Magistracy”, in W[illiam] H[ylton] D[yer] Longstaffe, editor, Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Ambrose Barnes, Late Merchant and Sometime Alderman of Newcastle upon Tyne (The Publications of the Surtees Society; L), Durham: Published for the [Surtees] Society, by Andrews & Co. [et al.], →OCLC, page 174:

The Back-Stage Mother is difficult to evaluate. […] As a rule, you find her some place where she doesn't belong. If she is not standing in the wings to watch her adorable daughter perform, and thus interfering with the property-man, electrician, carpenter, stage manager, assistant stage manager and prompter, to say nothing of blocking an important entrance where players must push her out of the road to get onto the stage, she is almost certain to be out in front, cornering the company manager in the lobby.

1926 October, Richard Savage, “The Stage Mommer: Canny Adviser to Aspiring Offspring, but Not Overpopular with Company Manager”, in Arthur Hornblow [Sr.], editor, Theatre Magazine, volume XLIV, number 307, New York, N.Y.: The Theatre Magazine Company […], →OCLC, page 18:

Today more than 2.5 trillion images are shared or stored on the Internet annually—to say nothing of the billions more photographs and videos people keep to themselves.

2018 February, Robert Draper, “They are Watching You—and Everything Else on the Planet: Technology and Our Increasing Demand for Security have Put Us All under Surveillance. Is Privacy Becoming just a Memory?”, in National Geographic, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-06-14:

(idiomatic) An apophasis used to mention another important, usually related, point: not taking into account, not to mention, without considering.


bothe

English: both

Geordie English: byeth

Scots: baith

From Old English bā þā; possibly influenced by Old Norse báðir.


poněvadž

→ Silesian: pōniywŏż
→ Polish: ponieważ

→ Slovak: poneváč

Inherited from Old Czech poněvadž, from Proto-Slavic *poňevaže.


poněvadž

desctree

Czech: poněvadž
→ Silesian: pōniywŏż
→ Polish: ponieważ
→ Slovak: poneváč

/ˈpoɲi̯ɛʋad͡ʒ/


დო

დიდო დომაჭკინდუ. თი დო ტანი გომოტროხუ.

I'm so tired. My hands and feet are sore.

(between two nouns (or pronouns) or two adjectives) and, with

ირიქ ჶილიმითი დო ნაუნონ მუზიღითი ინთერნეთიშენ გჲონჭამს. მითიქ ფარა მეჩამს დო ვარეჭოფუმს.ნაიხენენ ემეღეფე მითიქ ვარიდუშუნს.

Everyone downloads the movie and the music they want from the Internet. Nobody pays for it. No one thinks about the work done.

irik filimiti do naunon muziğiti internetişen gyonç̌ams. mitik para meçams do vareç̌opums.naixenen emeğepe mitik variduşuns.

(between two verbs, two clauses or two sentences) and, but, whether

between two verbs; two clauses or two sentences; between two verbs; two clauses or two sentences

ჭკვა მუჲა გიწვა? ირი თევული დეგიწვი დო.

ç̌ǩva muya giǯva? iri tevuli degiǯvi do.

and
(Jigetore) (at the end of the sentence)

ოხორი ნახოლასი ღობერი ქონ. არ დო დიდი ტუბიფოტრა ქოჯობუნ.

Closer to the house there is a fence. There is also a big fence gate (working).

oxori naxolasi ğoberi kon. ar do didi ťubipoťra kocobun.


მანა

mana (romanization)
Atina (romanization)

Related to Georgian მაგრამ (magram) and Mingrelian მარა (mara).


ან

From Middle Georgian ან (an), ანუ (anu), from Old Georgian ანუ (anu).

ერთ დღეს, დილიდან საღამომდე, შუამთის უდაბურ ტყეში დადიოდა აბდუშაჰილი, რომ ეგებ ბაში-აჩუკს, ან მის ამხანაგთაგანს და ან მათ ბუდეს სადმე წავაწყდეო...

1895-1896, Akaki Tsereteli, chapter IX, in Bashi-Achuki, page 34:

One day, from morning to evening, Abdushahil walked in the dense forest of Shuamta, so that maybe he would come across Bashi-Achuki, or one of his friends or their hideout...

ert dɣes, dilidan saɣamomde, šuamtis udabur ṭq̇eši dadioda abdušahili, rom egeb baši-ačuḳs, an mis amxanagtagans da an mat budes sadme c̣avac̣q̇deo...


eftha

desc

Middle Low German: efte, afte, ufte, uft, uf

German Low German: of (Westmünsterlandisch)

Sauerland Low German: of, o'

Middle Low German: edder, odder

From Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *efþau. Cognate with Old High German odo; compare Old English oþþe, eþþa; Old Norse eða. Ultimately thought to be a Germanic suffixed dual form of the base of ef.


პანდა

head

პანდა • (p̌anda) (Latin spelling p̌anda)

p̌anda (romanization)
Okordule (romanization)

ბერე ნაგუნდინუ ფორჩა ჰეჲ ელვოკაჩუნ. პანდა ქოზირუ.

The shirt that the boy lost is under his arm. So he found it.

bere nagundinu porça hey elvoǩaçun. p̌anda koziru.


paski

From Old French par ce ke (“by this what”).


sintemal

From Middle High German sintemāl, a conjunction of sint dem māle (literally “from the time”).

Man hätte ein besseres Benehmen erwartet, sintemal er ein Major ist.

One would have expected better manners, especially as he is a major.

Ich trug nur leichte Kleidung, sintemal die Sonne schien.

I wore only light clothes, since the sun shone. (Indicating that light clothes were inappropriate at some later point.)

»Dem mag nun sein wie ihm wolle, so irren Sie doch in Ihrer ersten Voraussetzung, Mann, sintemal ich kein Volksschullehrer bin, sondern der Professor Doktor Raat vom hiesigen Gymnasium.«

1905, Heinrich Mann, Professor Unrat oder Das Ende eines Tyrannen, Leipzig: Kurt Wolff Verlag:

»Be that as it may, you are still mistaken in your first presupposition, Mann, especially as I am no primary school teacher, but Professor Doctor Raat of the local gymnasium.«

(archaic) (especially) since, (especially) because, forasmuch


zumal

Ich hätte nicht gedacht, dass er Franziska anbaggert, zumal sie inzwischen verheiratet ist.

I wouldn't have thought that he would try to hit on Franziska, especially since she's married now.

especially since (giving a reason which justifies the expectation of a certain behaviour or quality)


пушта

пу́шта • (púšta)

пу́што пушто#Russian

(youth slang, Internet) Pronunciation spelling of пу́што (púšto); cuz, coz


duanc

From Vulgar Latin dunc. Compare French donc, Venetian donca.


-kʷe

Proto-Albanian: *dže
Albanian: dhe

Proto-Anatolian: *-ku

Hittite: 𒊌𒆪 (uk-ku /(=k)ku/)

Luwian: 𒆪 (ku)

Palaic: 𒆪 (ku)

Proto-Armenian:

Old Armenian: -եք (-ekʻ)

Proto-Celtic: *-kʷe (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *-hw (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *-kʷe

Ancient Greek: τε (te)

Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤 (qe /-kʷe/)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ča (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *-kʷe (see there for further descendants)

Phrygian: κε (ke)

(perhaps) Proto-Albanian: *tśe

Albanian: s- / -s (“not”)

⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *es-ke

q

Proto-Slavic: *(j)eš-če (“yet, still”) (possibly a compound of *h₁es- (“to be”) + *-kʷe) (see there for further descendants)

h₂ówis *h₁éḱwoeskʷe

the sheep and the horses (literally, “[the] sheep [the] horses-and”)

Forms distributives from interrogatives.


-kʷe

Old Irish: -ch-

Celtiberian: -kue

Lepontic: 𐌐𐌄 (pe)

From Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”). Cognate with Latin -que and Ancient Greek τε (te).

owis ekʷoikʷe


hwanne

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of whanne


a no ser que

No voy a ver Broadway a no ser que vaya alguna vez a Nueva York.

I'm not going to see Broadway unless I go to New York one day.

No se podía comunicarse con los vecinos, a no ser que hubiera aprendido la lengua.

She couldn't have talked with the neighbours unless she'd learned the language.

(followed by a subjunctive clause) unless


తో

వానిని కత్తితో పొడిచెను.

with, together with, accompanied by, accompanying or following.


թե

Նա ասում է, թե պատրաստ է։

Աջ, թե՞ ձախ։


бидејќи

head

биде́јќи • (bidéjḱi)

биде́јќи (canonical)
bidéjḱi (romanization)

Биде́јќи (тој) не се́ јави, оти́довме бе́з него.
Bidéjḱi (toj) ne sé javi, otídovme béz nego.
Since he did not call, we went without him.


თუმცა

რთული იყო, თუმცა არც ისეთი როგორსაც მოველოდით.

It was difficult, although not as difficult as we had expected.

rtuli iq̇o, tumca arc iseti rogorsac movelodit.


तथा

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तथा (tathā).


և

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian և (ew). As an inheritance, survives only in the Suceava dialect.


և

→ Armenian: եւ (ew) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at, near”). Related to ու (u).

եւ ..., եւ ...

եւ ոչ

ոչ մին եւ ոչ միւսն

եւ երիտասարդ եւ ծերք

եւ այլն

եւ այն զի, եւ այս զի

եւ արդ

եւ եւս

also, more, over, still, moreover, likewise

եւ զի, եւ քանզի

չեւ, չեւ եւս

չեւ տեսեալ


तो

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit, probably from Sanskrit ततस् (tatas, “from there”).

अगर वह जाएगा तो मैं भी जाऊँगा।


neyse

It's not important, it doesn't matter anymore.


madem

(used in the beginning of the sentence) now that


d'autant moins que

all the less ... that, even less so because


d'autant plus que

J’avais vraiment la flemme, je suis content que le prof ne soit pas là aujourd’hui, d’autant plus que j’ai encore plein de trucs à préparer pour le voyage.

I was really lazy, I'm happy that the professor isn't here today, even more so because I still have plenty of things to prepare for the trip.

all the more reason that, even more so because, especially given that, forasmuch


𒅇

(correlative) either... or, neither... nor


वरना

Borrowed from Classical Persian ورنه (warna), an alternative form of وگرنه (wagarna).


किन्तु

hi-con

किन्तु • (kintu)

किंतु किंतु#Hindi


агар

agar (romanization)
spelling اگر (Persian)

Inherited from Classical Persian اَگَر (agar).

inh+

if (used in a hypothetical or conditional statement)


thée

head

thée (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling تھے)


tož

Nic zajímavého tam nebylo, tož jsem se / sa vrátil.

Nothing interesting was there, so I have come back.


ուրեմն

ուրեմն • (uremn)

hy-con

ուրեմն • (uremn)

From Old Armenian ուրեմն (uremn); see it for more.


ուրեմն

head

ուրեմն • (uremn)

xcl-con

ուրեմն • (uremn)


այսուհետև

Armenian: այսուհետեւ (aysuhetew)

From այսու (aysu, “instrumental of այս (ays)”) + հետ (het) + -եւ (-ew).

compound

instrumental of <i class="Armn mention" lang="xcl">այս</i> (ays)


whethersoever

From Middle English queþer-so-ever, weder-so-ever, wheder so ever, wheder-so-ever. By surface analysis, whether + so + ever.


वा

...एक बार प्रयोग के पश्चात् एक दिन के वा दो दिन के अंतर से...

2007, Dharmadatt Vaidh, Charaksamhita, Uttro Bhag [Volume 1], page 101:

...an interval of one or two days after using for first time....

...ek bār prayog ke paścāt ek din ke vā do din ke antar se...


वा

head

वा • (vā) (Latin script va, Kannada script ವಾ)

vā (romanization)
va (Latin character)
ವಾ (Kannada character)


वा

या च पन सक्कतगन्थेसु समञ्ञा घोसाति वाघोसाति वा ता पयोगे सति एत्थापि पयुज्जते

c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar], page 6; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

And moreover that designation either 'voiced' or 'unvoiced' which is in Sanskrit texts is applied even here when there is occasion.

Yā ca pana sakkataganthesu samaññā ghosāti vāghosāti vā tā payoge sati etthāpi payujjate.


वा

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯 (va /vā/)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀸 (vā)

→ Assamese: বা (ba)

→ Bengali: বা (ba)

Pali: vā

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: वा (vā)

Urdu: وا (vā)

→ Kannada: ವಾ (vā)

Konkani: वा (vā)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-wā (“or”), from Proto-Indo-European *-wē (“or”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬁 (vā), Old Persian 𐎺𐎠 (v-a /vā/), Ancient Greek ἤ (ḗ) and Latin -ve.

or, preferably (marking the preferred of two alternatives) (Pāṇini)


jikalau

جکالاو (Jawi)


როდესაც

Probably from როდის (rodis) + -ც (-c) through some vowel change. Likely related to როცა (roca).

როდესაც წავალთ მაღაზიაში, გიყიდი.

When we go to the store, I'll buy it for you.

პატარა ვიყავი, როდესაც პირველად თბილისში წავედი.

I was little when I first went to Tbilisi.

ṗaṭara viq̇avi, rodesac ṗirvelad tbilisši c̣avedi.

როდესაც გინდა მაშინ მოდი.


zvlášť

Inherited from Old Czech zvláščě, from Old Czech z + vláščě, the genitive short from of vláščí, from Old Czech vlast + -í.


لیک

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

گر چه تفسیر زبان روشنگر است / لیک عشق بیزبان روشنتر است

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 133:

Although the commentary of the tongue makes (all) clear, yet tongueless love is clearer.

gar-či tafsīr-i zabān rawšan-gar ast / lēk išq-i bē-zabān rawšan-tar ast

لیکن لیکن#Persian

(archaic, literary) alternative form of لیکن (“but, however, nevertheless”)


wrth

From Old Welsh gurt, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Old Irish fri), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).

Wrth i fi gysgu, naeth rhywun dorri i mewn i'n nhŷ!

While I was asleep, someone broke into my house!

O'dd e'n canu wrth weithio.


dą̊

From Old Norse þá. Cognate with Swedish då.


si com

ca. 1210, Villehardouin, La Conquête de Constantinople, 1961 ed., Paris: Les Belles Lettres, chap. VII, par. 208

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Et il enveoient a lui, et prioient que il lor feïst paiement de lor avoir, si com il lor avoit convint.


abgüä

From ab (“but”) + gü (“on the contrary”) + -ä (“conjunction marker”).

badim ela Beckett tefon noe jenöfiko stadi menik, abgüä stadi binoda kulivik ä sogädika

Beckett's pessimism refers not really to the human condition, but instead to the state of a cultivated, social entity

...but rather, but instead (in combination with noe (“not exactly”))


ʾwd

Persian: و (o)


ʻē

From Proto-Polynesian *ee. Cognates include Rapa Nui ꞌēē and Hawaiian ʻē.


pour ne pas dire

Julien est très beau, pour ne pas dire parfait, quoi.

Julien is very handsome, if not, like, perfect


not to say

At first Marc was somewhat shocked, then he burst out laughing and finally came to the conclusion that actually it was all rather sad, not to say stupid.

c. 1962, Jacqueline Shohet Kahanoff, “Wake of the Waves”, in Deborah A. Starr, Sasson Somekh, editors, Mongrels Or Marvels, Stanford University Press, published 2011, →ISBN, page 145:


ដ្បិត

km-con

ដ្បិត • (dbət)


nitsi

From Latin neque. Compare Romanian nici.


beway

From by way equivalent to be- + way. Compare German wegen (“because of, by reason of”).

cog

[...] an' then hee'l turn him roon behint-afore an' play treeks, till collie gems at him; an' then beway o' makin friens again, hee'l Btreek an' pat him, [...]

1832, the mirror of literature, amusement, and instruction:

Be gannies," suggested Larry, " I think the best way would be for the three iv us to give the artichokes at the fire below, a warm reception beway iv a do sure, an' it'll soften the bargain wid ould Hardrade."

1857, Celtic Union, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

[...] is waistit and destroyit be divers personis that slais the dere and cunyngis thairof, and pasturis bestis thereintill masterfully beway of dede, [...]

1864, John Fullarton, Historical memoir of the family of Eglinton and Winton:

This young man afterwards became a member of Parliament from Scotland, and was for many years Grand Master of the [...] that week into as good English as he can and write it beway of version, being allowed to paraphrase it in his own way, [...]

1951, American Classical League, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Wan was in front, beway he was the ginral, walkin' wid his chin up, proud as a paycock.

(dialectal, Ireland, Scotland, US) By way; because.


desque

Asturian: desque, esque

Leonese: desque

Mirandese: çque

[...] maas de cinco cirges ye desque estos sirges foren quemados metant otros cinco...

1245, Ordinances made by the city and council of Oviedo:

… more than five candles it's when these candles would be burnt another five should be put...


desque

Spanish: desque

From des + que, from Latin dē + ex, and Early Medieval Latin quid (“that (conjunction)”).

der

El potriello desque nace fasta tres días non puede con la boca alcançar a tierra.

c. 1275, Alfonso X, General Estoria, primera parte, (ed. by Prieto-Borja, 2002, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares)

A foal, from the time it is born till three days later, cannot reach the ground with its mouth.


desque

Inherited from Old Spanish desque, from des + que, from Late Latin dē ex and Latin quid respectively. Became rare and non-standard by the 18th century, displaced by después de que, desde que, ya que.

[…] , y si el árbol es delicado, y se temen que por ser chico al invierno se le ha de elar, puédele sembrar en tiesto, y desque esté grande trasponerle en tierra.

1620, Gregorio de los Ríos, Agricultura de jardines, 2a parte p. 306, (ed. by Joaquín Fernández Pérez and Ignacio González Tascón, 1991, Madrid: CSIC - Ayuntamiento de Madrid)

[…] , and if the tree is delicate, and it is feared that due to being small the winter may freeze it, you may plant it in a pot, and after it grows big transplant it into the ground.

D. Gonzalo. ¿Quién da crédito a canallas?
Bartolo. Si mormuran sin conciencia...
(Tirando de la manga al Tío Pedro.)
Y hay hombres que no reparan
que al fin los amos son amos,
y las verdaes... se tragan.
Tío Pedro. Creo que la doña Ambrosia
no está muy acomodaa

1788, Tomás de Iriarte, La señorita malcriada p. 356, (ed. by Russell P. Sebold, 1986, Madrid: Castalia; the passage is written in informal spoken Spanish)

Don Gonzalo. Who believes scoundrels?
Bartolo. If they whisper without qualms... (Pulling Uncle Pedro's sleeve.) And there are men who don't realize that, in the end, masters are masters, and truths... should be kept quiet.
Uncle Pedro. I think that Mrs. Ambrosia is not in a very good state since she lost her husband.