as if

From Middle English as ȝif, alls iff (“as if”), from Old English *ealswā ġif, attested only as swā ġif (“as if”), equivalent to as + if. Compare Dutch alsof (“as if”), Low German as of (“as if”), German als ob (“as if”).

look as if one has been dragged through a hedge backwards

The old man stumbled, as if he were about to fall.

I remember him as if it were yesterday, as he came plodding to the inn door, his sea-chest following behind him in a hand-barrow — a tall, strong, heavy, nut-brown man, […]

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

“[…] They talk of you as if you were Croesus—and I expect the beggars sponge on you unconscionably.” And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 203:

Eustace gaped at him in amazement. When his urbanity dropped away from him, as now, he had an innocence of expression which was almost infantile. It was as if the world had never touched him at all.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 9, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Scotland needed a victory by eight points to have a realistic chance of progressing to the knock-out stages, and for long periods of a ferocious contest looked as if they might pull it off.

2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

When the teacher’s back was turned, the class clown would hold his stomach as if he were ill.


as far as

as far as the eye can see

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see as, far, as.

As far as the financing is concerned, there will be no problems.


þonne

Middle English: then(ne), than(ne)

English: then, than

Scots: than, then, an

⇒ Scots: thance

From Proto-West Germanic *þannē, extension of *þan, from Proto-Germanic *þan (“then”), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.

When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.


либо

head

ли́бо • (líbo)

Inherited from Old East Slavic либо (libo), from ли (li) + бо (bo). Compare Ukrainian либо́нь (lybónʹ) from Old East Slavic либо нѣ (libo ně).

inh+

ли́бо я, ли́бо он

ли́бо оди́н, ли́бо друго́й

Пое́ду на Кавка́з ли́бо в Крым.

I'll go to the Caucasus, or Crimea. / I'll go to the Caucasus, either that or Crimea.


hwænne

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of whanne


hwæþer

Middle English: whether

Scots: quhether, quhither, whedder

English: whether

From Proto-West Germanic *hwaþar, see also Old High German wedar, Old Norse hvaðarr.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
...and hē lēop sona cunniġende his fēðes hwæðer hē cūðe gān.

and he leapt up immediately, trying his power of motion, whether he could walk.


mura

mura mbainfidh taisme dó

Mura gceannaíonn siad anseo é, faigheann siad sa bhaile é.

If they don’t buy it here, they get it in town.

Mura raibh tú sásta leis, cad chuige ar ghlac tú é?

If you weren’t satisfied with it, why did you accept it?

Mura dtéinn leis, maraítí é

If I hadn’t gone with him, he would have been killed


nore

Nore zichel ne'er well, nowe, nore ne'er mey.

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 86:

Nor such never will, no (now), nor never may.


oþþe

Middle English: oththe, other, or

English: or

Scots: or

Probably an alteration of earlier ofþe (“or”), from Proto-Germanic *efþau (“or”). Cognate with Old Frisian jeftha, joftha (“or”), Old Saxon eftha, Old High German odo; compare different ablaut-grades in Old English eþþa, Old Norse eða. Ultimately thought to be a Germanic suffixed dual form of the base of if.

Sind foxas hundas oþþe cattas?

sōhte seledrēoriġ · sinces bryttan,
hwǣr iċ feor oþþe nēah · findan meahte
þone þe in meoduhealle · mīne wisse

sought hall-sad a giver of treasure,
where I far or near could find
who in a mead-hall would know my men

Ne nis nā tō wēnenne þæt sē mann sīe oþþe sē ieldesta oþþe sē sīðmesta eorðan hlāforda.

Nor is it to be thought that man is either the oldest or the last of Earth's masters.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Oþþe hīe hit nyton, oþþe hīe hit witan nyllaþ.

Either they don't know it, or they don't want to know it.


hyd

From Middle Welsh hyt, from Old Welsh hit, from Proto-Celtic *siti- (“length”).


innan

From Old Swedish innan, from Old Norse innan, from Proto-Norse ᛁᚾᚨᚾᚨ (inana), from Proto-Germanic *innanē.


þeah

English: though

From Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh, corresponding to Proto-Germanic *þau (“in that case”) + *-uh (“and”) (cognate with Latin -que).

Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ

A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful


þó

Icelandic: þó

Faroese: tó

Norwegian Nynorsk: do

Old Swedish: þō

Old Gutnish: þau

From Proto-Germanic *þauh (“nevertheless, though”).


ná

head

ná (triggers h-prothesis, used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)

From Old Irish ná (“don't”, prohibitive particle).

inh

Dúirt sé ná raibh carr aige.

(Munster) Alternative form of nach (“that...not”)


ná

Níl deartháir ná deirfiúr agam.

Ní fhaca sí solas ná solas.

(literally, “She didn’t see light or light).”)

used between two identical or similar words to intensify a negative


ná

Is airde Máire ná Peadar.

Cé a bhí ina shuí ann ná m’athair féin?

Who was sitting there but my own father?

but (used rhetorically in direct and indirect questions)

Is é a dúirt sé ná gur dhíol sé a ríomhaire lena chara.

What he said was that he sold his computer to his friend.

Bhí fear ann fad ó agus isé ainim a bhí air ’ná Séadna.

1907, Peadar Ua Laoghaire, Séadna, page 6:

Once upon a time there was a man and the name that he had was Séadna.

used to connect a predicate noun to its subject in a cleft sentence introduced by a copular form


ende

desctree

Dutch: en
Afrikaans: en
Berbice Creole Dutch: an
Jersey Dutch: en
Negerhollands: en, an
Petjo: en
Sranan Tongo: èn

Limburgish: ènde, ènd, èn, è

From Old Dutch ande, inde, from Proto-Germanic *andi.


whereunto

/wɛːɹʌnˈtuː/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-whereunto.wav


те

now... now... (indicates two alternating situations)


те

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ta. Compare Ukrainian та (ta).


hatur

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatuʀ.


ast

Probably a univerbation of at + est with subsequent contraction.

(law, protasis) but if, and if (in double stipulations)

(literary, often followed by a vowel) but, however, whereas

(literary) and then, forthwith, whereupon (followed immediately by a subject switch, normally a personal pronoun)


پر

پَر (canonical)
par (romanization)
पर (Hindi)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀭𑀁 (paraṃ), from Sanskrit परम् (param, “after, but”), oblique of पर (para, “distant, further”).


saka

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saká (“and, also”).


samo

Ova haljina je l(ij)epa, samo (je) preskupa

This dress is very beautiful, but too expensive.

(denoting contrast and exclusivity) just, but, only, merely

Govorim samo da govorim!

Uči, samo da nije uzalud!

(dated, assuming a contradiction) just, if only


bika

Mi no ben kan tan arki den betiyesi tori fu Basedi, bika na bigisma no ben lobi te pikinnengre mofo e warsi na ini en tori efu den bradi den yesimama e arki.

1975, Edgar Cairo, “Wan pisi fu libi [A piece of life]”, in Ursy M. Lichtveld, Jan Voorhoeve, editors, Creole drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Surinam, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 256:

I couldn't stay to listen to the ear-catching stories of Master Edi, because the old man didn't like it when children's mouths wandered into his tale if they had stretched their eardrums and were listening in.


wiso

From Old Norse hví svá; compare older Swedish hvi så (e.g. Lyckans lexikon, 1896, p. 8), older Danish hvi saa (under hvi in Ordbog over det danske Sprog), German wieso.


kung

From Proto-Central Philippine *kuN (“if”). Compare Bikol Central kun and Cebuano kon.

Kung pupunta ka, sasama ako.

Si Pedro kung si Juan.

Kung ikaw at kung sino ang paroroon?

If you and/or someone else would be going?

May naaalaman ka bagang anumang tungkol sa pag-aanito, kung sa asal ng mga mangkukulam, kung manggagaway?

Do you know anything about idolatry, or the customs of the witches, or as well as sorcery?


quoique

From quoi + que, replacing earlier que que.

Near-synonym: même si

Quoique petite, elle est plutôt forte.


avur

Middle High German: aber, aver

Alemannic German:

Swabian: abr

Bavarian: owa

Central Franconian:

Eifel: äwwer

Hunsrik: awer

Kölsch: ävver

Wäller Platt: aver, ouwwer

East Central German:

Upper Saxon German: abor, aar, awer, awor

German: aber

Luxembourgish: awer, ower

Rhine Franconian:

Pennsylvania German: awwer, awer

Yiddish: אָבער (ober)

From Proto-Germanic *afar, *abar, *abur (“after, following”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“away, from”). Akin to Old English eafora (“offspring, successor, descendant”), Old High German after (“after, behind”), Old English æfter (“after, following”). More at after.


unti

desc

Middle High German: unde, unt, und, unn; onde, ont; (Central Franconian) inde

Bavarian: und

Cimbrian: un

Mòcheno: ont

q

Central Franconian: en, an (< inde), on, un (< unde, now predominant, originally south-eastern)

Hunsrik: un

Luxembourgish: an

German: und

Rhine Franconian: un, on

Pennsylvania German: un

Yiddish: און (un)

From Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti. Compare Old Saxon endi, Old Dutch anda, Old English and, Old Norse enn.


odar

From Middle High German oder, from Old High German odar. Cognate with German oder.

A månat hatt 30 odar 31 tang.


odar

Middle High German: oder

Cimbrian: òdar, odar (Luserna)

German: oder

Luxembourgish: oder

Yiddish: אָדער (oder)

An alteration of odo under influence of the -r of abur (“but”) and wedar (“which of the two”), from Proto-Germanic *efþau (“or”).


madla

-mádla (canonical)
legimadla (first-person singular)
gimadla (copulative first-person singular)
lomadla (second-person singular)
umadla (copulative second-person singular)
lesimadla (first-person plural)
simadla (copulative first-person plural)
lelimadla (plural second-person)
limadla (copulative plural second-person)
lomadla (class-1)
umadla (class-1 copulative)
labamadla (class-2)
bamadla (class-2 copulative)
lomadla (class-3)
umadla (class-3 copulative)
lemadla (class-4)
imadla (class-4 copulative)
lelimadla (class-5)
limadla (class-5 copulative)
lamadla (class-6)
amadla (class-6 copulative)
lesimadla (class-7)
simadla (class-7 copulative)
letimadla (class-8)
timadla (class-8 copulative)
lemadla (class-9)
imadla (class-9 copulative)
letimadla (class-10)
timadla (class-10 copulative)
lobumadla (class-14)
bumadla (class-14 copulative)
lokumadla (class-15)
kumadla (class-15 copulative)
lokumadla (class-17)
kumadla (class-17 copulative)


daz

From Proto-Germanic *þat, neuter of *sa (“the”). More at that.


wala

Borrowed from Arabic وَلَا (walā, “and not”).


insofar as

/ɪn.səʊˈfɑːɹəz/

Insofar as it expresses an expansion in physical plant, it ought to make possible the production of more goods.

1922 (June 7), G.S., "Can a Living Wage Be Paid?", Correspondence, The New Republic 31 (no. 392): 50

Hasidism, insofar as it was new—and not all of Hasidism was "new" in this sense—rejected the older hierarchies of celestial palaces, of Intelligences, of hypostases, of sefirot.

1982, David R. Blumenthal, Understanding Jewish Mysticism, volume II, page 195:

Insofar as possible, the current edition of a publication is annotated in part 3.

1996, “National Science Education Standards”, in U.S, National Research Council, page 133:

She helped us insofar as she was able.

She cites other scholars' work only insofar as it supports her own theories.


ألا

ar-con

أَلَّا • (ʔallā)

compound

أَنْ (ʔan) + لَا (lā)

قَرَّرْتُ أَلَّا أَعْمَلَ فِيهِ

negate a verb if the following verb is in subjunctive

lest, that … not, in order that … not, so as not to


iar

Unknown. Perhaps from a Vulgar Latin *era. Compare Engadine Romansch eir, Provençal er, era, Old Galician-Portuguese ar (“also, again”).

cog

–Din sfera mea venii cu greu
Ca să te-ascult ș-acuma,
Și soarele e tatăl meu,
Iar noaptea-mi este muma.

1883, Luceafărul, Mihai Eminescu, lines 129-132:

“I have with difficulty come from my sphere
To listen to you this time as well,
And the sun is my father,
And the moon is my mother.”

а҄пропїа҄ръс̅є̅гонито́рїимйфърълѣ́џє, є҄рє̅дєлѣ́џѣта̅дєлоу́нгарѣсє.

16th c., Psalter of Șchei, Tome I, Bucharest: Ioan Bianu, published 1889, page 416:

Those who devise wicked schemes are near, but they are far from your law. (Psalm 119:150)

Apropiară-se gonitorii-mi fărălége, ere de légé ta delungară-se.


kunhan

Voit tulla syömään, kunhan olet pessyt kätesi.

You can come to eat as long as you've washed your hands.

Kunhan pilailin.

(subordinating) as long as, provided (expressing condition)

Tulen tapaamaan sinua, kunhan saan tämän valmiiksi.

I will come to see you as soon as I finish this job.


dacă

From archaic deacă, probably from Latin de quod.


sech

Probably from Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”) (compare Welsh heb (“without”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”) (compare Latin secus (“along”) and Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “without”)), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Alternatively, from *sek- (“to cut”).


így

thus, as a result, hence, therefore, consequently (between a phrase and a conclusion of it)


ف

From the Nabataean letter 𐢘 (p, “pē”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤐 (p, “pē”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂋. See also Classical Syriac ܦ (p, “pē”), Hebrew פ (p, “pe”), Ancient Greek Π (P), Latin P.

يَوْمًا فَيَوْمًا

شَيْئًا فَشَيْئًا

لَا تَدْنُ مِنَ الْأَسَدِ فَيَأْكُلَكَ.

Do not approach the lion lest he eat you.

لَا تَكُنْ رَطْبًا فَتُعْصَرَ وَلَا يَابِسًا فَتُكْسَرَ.

Do not be so soft that they squeeze you, nor so hard that they break you.

lā takun raṭban fa-tuʕṣara wa-lā yābisan fa-tuksara.

وَلَا تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلَىٰ عُنُقِكَ وَلَا تَبْسُطْهَا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ فَتَقْعُدَ مَلُومًا مَّحْسُورًا

wa-lā tajʕal yadaka maḡlūlatan ʔilā ʕunuqika wa-lā tabsuṭhā kulla l-basṭi fa-taqʕuda malūman maḥsūran


δε

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δέ (dé, “and, but”).

lbor

Ο μεν γαμπρός ήταν ευτυχισμένος, η δε νύφη έκλαιγε.

On the one hand, the groom was happy, on the other hand the bride was crying.

O men gamprós ítan eftychisménos, i de nýfi éklaige.

μεν μεν#Greek

on the other hand used together with μεν (men)

Πάντοτε ήταν επιθετικός. Τώρα δε, που άρχισε να πίνει, έχει γίνει επικίνδυνος.

He has always been aggressive. And/especially now, that he started drinking, he became dangerous.

Pántote ítan epithetikós. Tóra de, pou árchise na pínei, échei gínei epikíndynos.

(emphatic, in transitional use) especially


δέ

Classical Syriac: ܕܝܢ

Coptic: ⲇⲉ (de)

Greek: δε (de)

From Proto-Hellenic *dḗ, from Proto-Indo-European *de (deictic particle). See also δή (dḗ).

inh

used before a vowel to ease pronunciation


whereat

But as ſome of the Oxen in driving, miſſed their fellovvs behind and honing after them, bellovved as their nature is: Hercules chanced to heare them lovv again, and anſvver from out of the cave vvherein they had been beſtovved: vvhereat he turned back, and made haſte thither.

1659, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “[Book I]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] W. Hunt, for George Sawbridge, […], →OCLC, page 6:

Again she saw that bosom old, / Again she felt that bosom cold, / And drew in her breath with a hissing sound: / Whereat the Knight turn'd wildly round, / And nothing saw, but his own sweet maid / With eyes uprais'd, as one that pray'd.

1800, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Christabel. Part II.”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, page 35:

[…] we were driven a little to the Eaſt of the Molucca Iſlands, and about three Degrees Northward of the Line, as our Captain found by an Obſervation he took the 2d of May, at which time the Wind ceaſed, and it was a perfect Calm, whereat I was not a little rejoyced.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Great Storm Described, the Long-Boat Sent to Fetch Water, the Author Goes with It to Discover the Country. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), pages 150–151:

Whereat in a moment of cross unruth
He thought, “All right if you want the truth!”
“I don't believe it! It isn't true!
It never happened! Did it, you?”
Seeing no help in wings or feet
She withdrew back in self-retreat[…]

2020 May 15, Robert Frost, Delphi Complete Works of Robert Frost (Illustrated) (Delphi Poets Series), Delphi Classics, →ISBN, →OCLC:


便當

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (弁当):
* → Japanese: 弁当(べんとう) (bentō)

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ d̥ɑŋ¹/

/piːn²² tɔːŋ³³/

/bi²² tɑ̃⁴⁴/

/bɪ²² tɑ̃³³/

/bie¹³ tɑ̃²¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ d̥ɑŋ¹/

/piːn²² tɔːŋ³³/

/bi²² tɑ̃⁴⁴/

/bɪ²² tɑ̃³³/

/bie¹³ tɑ̃²¹/


同時

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ siː²¹/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ sɨ¹¹/

/tʰʊŋ¹¹ sz̩¹¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ si²³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² si¹³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ si²³/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ siː²¹/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ sɨ¹¹/

/tʰʊŋ¹¹ sz̩¹¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ si²³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² si¹³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ si²³/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ si⁵⁵/


ل

دَخَلْتُ ٱلْمَطْبَخَ لِأَشْرَبَ مَاءً.

subjunctive mood
subjunctive mood#English

to, in order to: followed by the subjunctive mood

إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللّٰهُ لِيُذُهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ

ʔinnamā yurīdu llāhu liyuḏuhiba ʕankumu r-rijsa

أَرَادَ أراد#Arabic

أَمَرَ أمر#Arabic

used with the verbs أَرَادَ (ʔarāda) and أَمَرَ (ʔamara)

فَالْتَقَطَهُ آلُ فِرْعَوْنَ لِيَكُونَ لَهُمْ عَدُوًّا وَحَزَنًا

And so the family of the Pharaoh picked him up, only to become an enemy and a grief.

fāltaqaṭahu ʾālu firʿawna li-yakūna lahum ʿaduwwan wa-ḥazanan

لَامُ الْعَاقِبَة
لام العاقبة#Arabic

only to (لَامُ الْعَاقِبَة (lāmu l-ʕāqiba))


ل

From Arabic لِ (li, “to, for, towards”). The initial syllable in suffixed forms is likely a contemporary development rather than influence from Arabic إِلَى (ʔilā, “to, for, towards”), whose initial glottal stop would have naturally been lost as seen below; instead, compare the development of the initial syllable in إِجَا (ʔija, “to come”).


in case

I'll take an umbrella, in case it rains.

Whenever tempted to resume my sex, I was invariably met with the thought — what then? […] The chances were but few in case I resumed my other character, that I would be able to command the amount necessary for their [her children's] support.

1861, E. J. Guerin, Mountain Charley, page 17:


dimana

From a misconception that this word comes from affixed di- + mana. It may also be influenced by the spelling of slang gimana.


where'er

Yet a tailor might scratch her where'er she did itch.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

As flowers beneath her footstep waken, / As stars from night's loose hair are shaken, / As waves arise when loud winds call, / Thoughts sprung where'er that step did fall.

1819 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Masque of Anarchy. A Poem. […], London: Edward Moxon […], published 1832, →OCLC, stanza XXXI, page 16:

'Where'er the sun shakes out his spears, and the lonesome waters mirror up the moon, where'er storms roll, and Heaven's painted bows arch in the sky - from the pure North clad in snows, across the middle spaces of the world, to where the amorous South, lying like a bride upon her blue couch of seas, breathes in sighs made sweet with the odour of myrtles - there shall thy power pass and thy dominion find a home.'

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

And where'er ye go
That we'll never know

2008, Paul Weller, Where'er Ye Go (song), on 22 Dreams (album)


having said that

1826 A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes
If I am right in that, the necessary consequence must be that this prisoner must be found guilty; but having said that, let me again request you only to attend to the statement of the law […]

however; despite what one has just stated


mientras

From Old Spanish mientras (already sparsely attested in the 13th century), mientra, from an older demientre, domientre, which was influenced by the preposition de and adverbial -s (compare antes, entonces, quizás and Old Spanish nunquas), inherited from Late Latin dum interim. 13th-century Old Spanish generally uses demientre or mientra, but the form mientras gained greater currency in the following centuries.

Quédate aquí con los chicos mientras hablo con la gerente.

Stay here with the kids while I talk with the manager.

(with the indicative) while, whilst, as (at the same time as)

Mientras llueva, me quedaré en casa.

(with the subjunctive) as long as, so long as (expressing a condition)

Mientras más lo hago, más me gusta.

(with comparatives) however much, however many, “the..., the...” (constructing parallel comparatives)

(with the indicative) while, whereas (indicating difference)


dunque

From Vulgar Latin *dunquam, a cross of Vulgar Latin dunc and Latin unquam (“ever”), with the former itself being a cross of Latin tunc (“then”) with dum (“while”). The final /-e/ may reflect an older form */ˈdonkwas/, with adverbial /-s/, for which cf. Middle French doncques.


ă

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.


әгәр

head

әгәр • (əgər) (requires a verb in conditional mood)

Әгәр беренсе килешеүҙең етешһеҙлектәре булмаһа, икенсеһен төҙөүгә ихтыяж тыумаҫ ине. (Hebrews 8:7)

If there were no disadvantages of the first covenant, the need would not have arisen for making the second one.

Əgər berense kileşewźeñ yeteşheźlektəre bulmaha, ikensehen töźöwgə ixtıyaj tıwmaś ine.


ofte

From Middle Dutch ofte, from Old Dutch *oftho, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *efþau. Cognate with Old Saxon eftha, Old Norse eða.

Antwoord gewoon ja ofte nee, aan dit gebabbel heb ik niets.

Just answer yes or no, this babbling is of no use to me.

(archaic or formal, except in fixed expressions) or


ofte

Dutch: ofte, of


但是

/tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tän⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/

/taŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ sɛi²⁴²/

/tan³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/tan²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tan³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/tan⁴¹⁻²² si²²/

/nã²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/nã³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/nã³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/taŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

/tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tän⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/

/taŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ sɛi²⁴²/

/tan³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/tan²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/tan³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/tan⁴¹⁻²² si²²/

/nã²²⁻²¹ si²²/

/nã³³⁻¹¹ si³³/

/nã³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/taŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ si³⁵/

Although these two notebooks look very similar, their functions are quite different.

Zhè liǎng tái bǐjìběn suīrán wàixíng hěn xiàng, dànshì gōngnéng shàng què chābié hěn dà.

這兩臺筆記本雖然外形很像，但是功能上卻差別很大。

这两台笔记本虽然外形很像，但是功能上却差别很大。

Although Wang Xiuying scored first in the exam, she was not at all arrogant about it.

Wáng Xiùyīng suīrán kǎo le dìyī, dànshì tā yīdiǎn yě bù jiāo'ào.

王秀英雖然考了第一，但是她一點也不驕傲。

王秀英虽然考了第一，但是她一点也不骄傲。

What you just said makes sense, but there is one thing I can't agree with.

Nǐ gāngcái shuō de hěn hǎo, dànshì yǒu yī diǎn wǒ bùgǎngǒutóng.

你剛才說得很好，但是有一點我不敢苟同。

你刚才说得很好，但是有一点我不敢苟同。

And of the rest durst no man join himself to them: but the people magnified them.

巴克禮譯本 (Barclay Amoy Romanized Bible), 使徒行傳 (Acts) 5:13

Kî-û ê lâng bô chi̍t ê káⁿ kūn-óa in, nā-sī peh-sìⁿ chun-tiōng in.

其餘的人無一个敢近倚𪜶，但是百姓尊重𪜶。

其余的人无一个敢近倚𪜶，但是百姓尊重𪜶。


andi

Proto-West Germanic: *andi, *and

desctree

Old English: and, ond, end
Middle English: and, annd, ant, an, en, ⁊, &
English: and
Scots: an
Yola: an, an', and

Old Frisian: and, ande, ende
North Frisian: en
Saterland Frisian: un
West Frisian: en, in

Old Saxon: endi
Middle Low German: ende, end, en; unde, und, un; (western also) inde, ind, in; (early) ande
Dutch Low Saxon: en, in
German Low German: un, on
Plautdietsch: un, en
→ Latvian: un

Old Dutch: ande, enda, in, indi, unde
Middle Dutch: ende, en, end, enn, enne; (early) inde; (very rare) unde, ande
Dutch: en
Afrikaans: en
Berbice Creole Dutch: an
Jersey Dutch: en
Negerhollands: en, an
Petjo: en
Sranan Tongo: èn
Limburgish: ènde, ènd, èn, è

Old High German: unti, unta, unte, unda, undi, unde, un; anti, and; enti, endi, end; inti, indi, int, in
Middle High German: unde, unt, und, unn; onde, ont; (Central Franconian) inde
Bavarian: und
Cimbrian: un
Mòcheno: ont
Central Franconian: en, an (< inde), on, un (< unde, now predominant, originally south-eastern)
Hunsrik: un
Luxembourgish: an
German: und
Rhine Franconian: un, on
Pennsylvania German: un
Yiddish: און (un)

Proto-Norse: (from *anþi)

Old Norse: en
Icelandic: en
Norwegian Nynorsk: enn, en
Norwegian Bokmål: enn
Old Swedish: æn
Swedish: än
Danish: end

Old Norse: enn
Icelandic: enn
Faroese: enn
Norwegian: enn
Old Swedish: æn
Swedish: än
Danish: end

→ Proto-Finnic:

Estonian: ent

Finnish: entä

Ingrian: entä

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, locative of *h₂ent- (“front, forehead”). West Germanic continues an enclitic variant. The forms in *u- may continue the zero grade (genitive singular *h₂n̥tés), but this is uncertain given the enclitic nature of the word and the virtually unlimited variety of attested vowels.


ժամանակ

head

ժամանակ • (žamanak)

hy-con

ժամանակ • (žamanak)

Hy-ժամանակ.ogg

ուտելու ժամանակ


whaur

From Old English hwǣr (“where”, literally “at what place”), from Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (interrogative pronoun).


ent

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *anþi. Compare Finnish entä (“what about; what if”).


ent

(Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of então.


ám

(introduces contradiction, used at the end of a phrase)

(higher register) but (indicates contradiction or restriction, like bár)


leda

Tam se autem nedostaneme, leda bychom jeli velkou oklikou.

We won't get there by car, unless we make a big detour.


اگرچہ

/ə.ɡəɾ.t͡ʃeː/

Borrowed from Classical Persian اگرچه (agarči).


अगरचे

/ə.ɡəɾ.t͡ʃeː/

[ɐ.ɡɐɾ.t͡ʃeː]


अगर

Borrowed from Classical Persian اگر (agar), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲 (ḥt /agar/).

अगर मैंने यह किया होता तो ...


اگر

→ Awadhi: अगर (agar)

→ Azerbaijani: əgər

→ Bashkir: әгәр (əgər)

→ Chuvash: эхер (eh̬er)

→ Dogri: agar

Devanagari script: अगर

Dogra script: 𑠀𑠌𑠤

→ Gojri: اگر (agar)

→ Gujarati: અગર (agar)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अगर (agar)

desctree

Urdu: اَگَرْ (agar)
→ Phalura:
Arabic script: اگر
Latin script: ágar

→ Kazakh: егер (eger)

→ Kumyk: эгер (eger)

→ Kyrgyz: эгер (eger)

→ Lezgi: [script needed] (eger)

→ Maithili: agar

Devanagari script: अगर

Tirhuta script: 𑒁𑒑𑒩

→ Malvi: अगर (agar)

→ Marathi: अगर (agar)

→ Marwari: agar

Devanagari script: अगर (agar)

Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅗𑅭 (agr)

→ Odia: ଅଗର (agara)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اگر

Turkish: eğer

→ Punjabi: agar

Gurmukhi script: ਅਗਰ

Shahmukhi script: اگَر

→ Sindhi: اَگَر

→ Tabasaran: [script needed] (eger)

→ Talysh:

→ Tatar: әгәр (ägär)

→ Turkmen: eger

→ Uyghur: ئەگەر (eger)

→ Uzbek: agar

→ Varhadi: अगर (agar)

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲 (ḥt /agar/). Compare Parthian 𐭀𐭊 (ag).

اگر فارسی بلد بودم این کتاب را نمیخریدم. (more literary)

Had I known Persian [which I did not], I would not have bought this book.

agar fârsi balad budam in ketâb-râ ne-mi-xaridam.

اگه فارسی بلد بودم این کتاب و نمیخریدم. (more colloquial)

If I knew Persian [which I did not], I wouldn't have bought this book.

age fârsi balad budam in ketâb-o ne-mi-xaridam.

اگر میرفتی، محمد را میدیدی. (more literary)

If you had gone [but you did not], you would have seen Mohammad.

اگر رفته بودی، محمد را دیده بودی (more literary)

اگر رفته باشی، محمد را میدیدی. (more literary)

If you had gone [and perhaps you did], you would have seen Mohammad.

اگر بروی، محمد را میبینی. (more literary)

اگر غم را چو آتش دود بودی / جهان تاریک ماندی جاودانه

10th century, Poem attributed to Shahid Balkhi:

If grief gave off smoke, as fire does / The world would remain forever in the dark.

agar ğam-râ čo âtaš dud budi / jahân târik mânadi jâvedâne

اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را / به خال هندویش بخشم سمرقند و بخارا را

late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را (Shirazi Turk)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

If that Shirazi Turk accepts my heart in their hand / for their Indian mole I will give Samarkand and Bukhara.

agar ân tork-e širâzi be dast ârad del-e mâ-râ / be xâl-e hendu-yaš baxšam samarqand o boxârâ-râ

یار تا قتل چنین باشد اگر همراهم / سفر ملک عدم را ز خدا میخواهم

c. 1650, Muḥammad Ṭāhir Ğanī Kašmīrī, translated by Mufti Mudasir Farooqi and Nusrat Bazaz, دیوان [Divān]:

If my love accompanies me to my execution / A journey to the other world, I shall seek from God.

yâr tâ qatl čonin bâšad agar hamrâh-am / safar-e molk-e 'adam râ ze xodâ mi-xâham.

if (used in a hypothetical or conditional statement)

اگر جواب را نمیدانی، چرا حرف میزنی؟ (more literary)

Since you don't know the answer, why are you talking?

agar javâb-râ ne-mi-dâni, čerâ harf mi-zani?

اگه جواب و نمیدونی، چرا حرف میزنی؟ (more colloquial)

age javâb-o ne-mi-duni, čerâ harf mi-zani?


اگر

اَگَرْ (canonical)
agar (romanization)
अगर (Hindi)

→ Phalura:

Arabic script: اگر

Latin script: ágar

Borrowed from Classical Persian اگر (agar).

اَگَرْ مَیں نے یَہ کِیَا ہوتَا تو ...


conforme

A enchente baixava conforme as chuvas paravam.

as (varying through time to the same proportion that)


conforme

Sin embargo, conforme crece la economía, también lo hace el apetito de los consumidores por los animales salvajes, […]

2020 April 8, “China intenta sin éxito cerrar los mercados de animales vivos”, in La Vanguardia:

However, as the economy grows, so does consumer appetite for wild animals, […]

as, while (varying through time to the same proportion that)


minders

Same as mindre (“less”), but with the addition af a genitive -s used adverbially.


whilom

From Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”) [and other forms], from Old English hwīlum, hwīlan, hwīlon (“at one time, once; sometimes”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum, the dative plural of *hwīlu (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”).
The Oxford English Dictionary regards adverb sense 2.2 (“for some time that has passed”) as “aberrant”.
cognates
* Old High German hwīlōn (Middle High German wīlen, wīlent, German weiland (“at one time, formerly”))
* Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”) (Middle Dutch wilen, Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”), Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”))

nb...

quilum, whileme, whilen, whilene, whilome, whilon, whilum, whilumm, whylom, whylome, whylon, whylum, (Kent) hwilem, wilem, (Scotland) qhilom, quhilom, quhilum, quhylum, qwhilom, qwhilum, qwhylum, qwylum, (Southwest England) ʒwilene, ʒwuilene, (Early Middle English) hwilan, hwilem, hwilen, hwilon, hwilum, hwylem, hwylen, wilen, wylem, ȝwilene

cog

Subjects their King, the King his Subjects greets, / VVhilome the Scepter and the Plough-ſtaffe meets.

1647, Theodore de la Guard [pseudonym; Nathaniel Ward], The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America. […], London: […] J[ohn] D[ever] & R[obert] I[bbitson] for Stephen Bowtell, […], →OCLC, page 77:


mà

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mà.wav

Within Austroasiatic, compare Pacoh ma (“but, topicalizer”) and Old Mon ma (“relative marker”).

2005, Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, "Mối tình năm cũ" (in Cánh đồng bất tận), Trẻ publishing house
Trần Hưng rất hài lòng với những đoạn phim vừa thu được, nó nổi bật lên phần đời của người chiến sĩ này, giản dị mà cao quý, bình thường mà phi thường.
Trần Hưng was very satisfied with the footage just shot; it highlighted the life of this fighter, simple but lofty, ordinary but extraordinary.

già mà vẫn khoẻ

Mới đi có chút mà thằng ất ơ nào chiếm chỗ rồi.

I was just gone for a bit but some random dude already took my place.

Nhìn trong hộp rồi mà hông thấy.

I already looked into the box but I can't see it.

Bài kiểm tra mà tuần trước mình làm.

đến mà xem

nghe cho kĩ mà làm

to listen closely in order to do something well

thắt cổ mà chết

đói mà chết

(preceding a verb with neutral or negative connotation) and; and then; and so (marks succession of actions or causality)


weeder

From Old High German wedar, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaþar, from Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz. The vowel was influenced by German weder. The expected Luxembourgish form would be *wieder; dialectally it is also widder by merger with unrelated widder (“against”).

Many children can neither read nor write.

Vill Kanner kënne weeder liesen nach schreiwen.


不但

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ tän⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ tän⁵¹/

He is not only meticulous, but also caring.

他不但細心，而且體貼。

他不但细心，而且体贴。

The peasants produced for themselves not only agricultural products but most of the handicraft articles they needed.

1939, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國革命和中國共產黨》 (The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Nóngmín bùdàn shēngchǎn zìjǐ xūyào de nóngchǎnpǐn, érqiě shēngchǎn zìjǐ xūyào de dàbùfen shǒugōngyèpǐn.

農民不但生產自己需要的農產品，而且生產自己需要的大部分手工業品。

农民不但生产自己需要的农产品，而且生产自己需要的大部分手工业品。


wenn nicht

Du kannst mich nicht verstehen, wenn du nicht Deutsch sprichst.

You can't understand me, unless you speak German.


yliche

From Old English ġelīċe. Doublet of like. By surface analysis, ylich + -e.


gdzie

Polish: gdzie

Silesian: gdzie

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъde. First attested in the 14th century.


czy

Próbował się zdecydować, czy pójdzie.

He was trying to make up his mind if he'd go or not.

To w końcu poszedłeś czy nie?

Karol ma jakiegoś jamnika czy labradora?

Does Karol have some dachshund or a Labrador?

or (suggesting that the speaker is not sure)

Jamnik, berneńczyk czy labrador to jedne z najbardziej znanych ras psów.

The dachshund, Bernese, as well as the Labrador are some of the most famous dog breeds.


tylko

Inherited from Old Polish tylko, from Proto-Slavic *toliko.

(contrastive) except, only, just (but; except; it's just that; the only thing is)

Tylko spróbuj


że

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *je že (neuter acc. sg. of *jь že), from *je n sg (“it; that”, accusative) + *že (emphatic particle). Compare Old Polish że.


że

Polish: że

Silesian: że

Reduced form of iże, eże, inherited from Proto-Slavic *je že (neuter acc. sg. of *jь že), from *je n sg (“it; that”, accusative) + *že (emphatic particle). Compare English that, Old Norse at, German dass, Ancient Greek ὅτι (hóti). First attested in 1396.

subordinate clause
subordinate clause#English

Przistøpyøøcz kaplani synowye Levi, ktoresz to gest zwolil pan bog twoy, aby slvzili y blogoslavili ymyenyv gego, ze wszitka rzecz gich slovi syø kona a wszelkø rzecz cistø albo nyecistø sødzicz mayø (quos elegerit..., ut ministrent ei... et ad verbum eorum omne negotium... iudicetur)

1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), section 21,5:


że

żem (combined-form object-first-person object-singular)
żeśmy (combined-form object-first-person object-plural)
żeś (combined-form object-second-person object-singular)
żeście (combined-form object-plural object-second-person)
że (combined-form object-singular object-third-person)
że (combined-form object-plural object-third-person)

Powiedział mi, że ta książka jest ciekawa.

He told me that this book is interesting.


thaj

Angloromani: ta, da, te, ti

Inherited from Sanskrit तथापि (tathāpi), sandhi form of तथा (tathā) + अपि (api). Compare Pashto [script needed] (thā).


baith

1836, Joanna Baillie, Witchcraft, Act 1, p.13

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

She's enough to mak a trooper quake; ay, wi' baith swurd and pistol by his side.


aż

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *aže. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.

etydate

Wøczsla[w]ow synowecz dal policzek I[a]cuboui parobku, as sø crwa oblal

1888 [1401], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 116:

Yacom ya ymal s Potrkem liczbø, aze ne mal na mø o sszethm cop zalowacz

1920 [1410], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1458, Płońsk:

Pop[r]ossimi Mariey mathki yego, asz nam ghot[o]wa v ssina swego vprossicz daru ducha swenthego

1915 [1423], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, page 209:

Jako ja tho vyem, haze Pyotr Stanislavem sgednan

1950 [1461], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1118, Warsaw:

A gdy szye masczisny zwadzą a ud[z]erzy geden drugego kamyenyem..., tako asz nye vmrze, ale asz lązą (leg. lęże) w lozv (et ille mortuus non fuerit, sed iacuerit in lectulo Ex 21, 18)

1882 [End of the 15th century], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Kleinere altpolnische Texte aus Handschriften des XV. und des Anfangs des XVI. Jahrhunderts, page 283:

(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) connects clauses; that

Quousque jus fiet inter ipsos vlg. asz prawo przebeszy

1887, 1889 [1399], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1300, Pyzdry, Gniezno, Kościan:

Nye odetchnyesz, az s nymy y zgynyesz (donec extermineris)

1930 [c. 1455], “Judith”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 6, 4:

Yacz poydø z nyenagla..., aze (donec) przydø do Seyr

1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 33, 14:

Jedno ją wziął, aż natychmiast ona ista sucha laska puściła odrośli

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 32:

(attested in) as soon as, at the moment when; immediately after


aż

ażem (combined-form object-first-person object-singular)
ażeśmy (combined-form object-first-person object-plural)
ażeś (combined-form object-second-person object-singular)
ażeście (combined-form object-plural object-second-person)
aż (combined-form object-singular object-third-person)
aż (combined-form object-plural object-third-person)

Dokuczał mi, aż zacząłem płakać.

(obsolete) voila; soon, shortly; suddenly

(Middle Polish) only; scarcely; as soon as; when, as


так

Inherited from Old East Slavic тако (tako), такъ (takŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tako (adverb), from Proto-Slavic *takъ (adjective). Cognate with Ukrainian так (tak), тако (tako); Belarusian так (tak); Bulgarian така (taka); Serbo-Croatian тако, так; Slovene tako, tàk; Czech and Polish tak; Upper and Lower Sorbian tak; Lithuanian tóks, tokià; and Latin tālis. Akin to Old Church Slavonic pronoun тъ (tŭ).

inh+

Обеща́л, так сде́лай.

— Здесь оно́ означа́ет «возмуще́ние». – Так э́то не подхо́дит по конте́ксту.
— Zdesʹ onó označájet «vozmuščénije». – Tak éto ne podxódit po kontékstu.
— Here it means "outrage". — But that doesn't fit with the context.

Пое́хал бы, так де́нег нет.

(colloquial) but (often with a sense of obviousness)

Что каса́ется криптовалю́т, так у нас о́чень мно́го вариа́нтов.

As regards cryptocurrency, we have a lot of options.

Što kasájetsja kriptovaljút, tak u nas óčenʹ mnógo variántov.

Всё, что тебе́ ну́жно сейча́с, так э́то запо́мнить все э́ти значе́ния.

All you need now is to remember all these meanings.

Vsjo, što tebé núžno sejčás, tak éto zapómnitʹ vse éti značénija.

Used similarly to то (to) in the following constructions (see то (to)); no translation.


而且

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰɛː³⁵/

/ᵑɡi²¹ t͡sʰiɛ⁵⁵/

/i¹¹ t͡sʰi̯a³¹/

/li²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵⁵⁴/

/zi²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiã⁴¹/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/d͡zi²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/d͡zɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁵²/

/ɦəl²² t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²² t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰɛː³⁵/

/ᵑɡi²¹ t͡sʰiɛ⁵⁵/

/i¹¹ t͡sʰi̯a³¹/

/li²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵⁵⁴/

/zi²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiã⁴¹/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/d͡zi²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/d͡zɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁵²/

/ɦəl²² t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²² t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴/

I like this woman very much because she's smart and voluptuous.

Wǒ hěn xǐhuān zhè ge nǚrén, yīnwèi tā hěn cōngmíng, érqiě shēncái āotūyǒuzhì.

我很喜歡這個女人，因為她很聰明，而且身材凹凸有致。

我很喜欢这个女人，因为她很聪明，而且身材凹凸有致。

You are going to participate – and you will dare to speak and debate.

Nǐ yào qù cānjiā, érqiě nǐ hái yào gǎnyú fāyán, gǎnyú biànlùn.

你要去參加，而且你還要敢於發言，敢於辯論。

你要去参加，而且你还要敢于发言，敢于辩论。


пока

head

пока́ • (poká)

Related to Ukrainian поки (poky), Belarusian пакуль (pakulʹ), Polish póki, from по (po)+кꙑи (kyi), in Russian with analogous formation after
дока (doka), пота (pota) (Vasmer 1958).
(Interjection): Short of прощай пока (proščaj poka, “farewell so long”) or пока до свидания (poka do svidanija). Used since the early 20th century first as colloquial, thereafter as familiar. May be a calque from some other language, compare English so long (used since 19th century) and Swedish hej så länge.

Пока́ есть госуда́рство, нет свобо́ды. Когда́ бу́дет свобо́да, не бу́дет госуда́рства. (Влади́мир Ле́нин)
Poká jestʹ gosudárstvo, net svobódy. Kogdá búdet svobóda, ne búdet gosudárstva. (Vladímir Lénin)
While the State exists, there can be no freedom. When there is freedom there will be no State.

Пока я ходить умею,
Пока глядеть я умею,
Пока я дышать умею,
Я буду идти вперёд!

1958, “Песня о тревожной молодости (Song of the Restless Youth)”, Lev Oshanin (lyrics), Aleksandra Pakhmutova (music):

So long as I can walk,
So long as I can see,
So long as I can breathe,
I will go forth!

Poka ja xoditʹ umeju,
Poka gljadetʹ ja umeju,
Poka ja dyšatʹ umeju,
Ja budu idti vperjód!


omdat

From Dutch omdat. Equivalent to univerbation of om + dat.

Sy was laat, omdat die treine nie gery het nie.

She was late, because the trains weren't driving.


omdat

Afrikaans: omdat

→ Kwinti: omdat

De machinist komt niet naar zijn werk, omdat hij ziek is.

The train driver is not coming to work because he is sick.

Ik ben moe, omdat ik laat heb gewerkt.

Ze bleef thuis, omdat ze zich niet goed voelde.

She stayed home, because she wasn't feeling well.

Hij is gestrest, omdat hij veel deadlines heeft.

He is stressed, because he has many deadlines.

We gingen eerder weg, omdat het begon te regenen.

We left early, because it started raining.


bien que

Bien qu’il puisse être difficile à croire, je ne suis pas parfait.

Although it can be difficult to believe, I am not perfect.

On pense que la majorité des Céphéides classiques pulsent selon le mode fondamental, bien qu’il ne soit pas facile de distinguer le mode d’après la forme de la courbe de lumière.

We think that the majority of the classic Cephids pulse according to the fundamental mode, although it's not easy to distinguish the mode from the shape of the light curve.


بينما

ar-con

بَيْنَمَا • (baynamā)

بَيْنَمَا (canonical)
baynamā (romanization)

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ

While we were sitting, a man appeared to us

baynamā naḥnu julūsun ʔiḏ ṭalaʕa ʕalaynā rajulun

أَحْسَنَ إِلَيْكَ سَعْدٌ بَيْنَمَا أَنْتَ أَسَأْتَ إِلَيْهِ

Saad treated you well, whereas you treated him badly

ʔaḥsana ʔilayka saʕdun baynamā ʔanta ʔasaʔta ʔilayhi


ers

ers (mutation mutation-radical)
hers (mutation prothesis-h)


ако

head

а́ко or ако́ • (áko or akó)

а́ко (canonical)
ако́ (canonical)
áko (romanization)
akó (romanization)

By surface analysis, а (a, “but”) + -ко (-ko) (interrogative particle).

surf

ако и да

осве́н ако

(archaic, dialectal) nevertheless, anyways


ако

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).

inh+

ако ово је крај


और

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀯𑀭 (avara), from Sanskrit अपर (ápara, “other, different”).


اور

اَور (canonical)
aur (romanization)
और (Hindi)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀯𑀭 (avara), from Sanskrit अपर (ápara, “other, different”). Cognate with Punjabi ہوْر (hor).


пока не

head

пока́ не • (poká ne)

пока́ не (canonical)
poká ne (romanization)

Звони́те, пока́ не отве́тят.

Бей кра́сных, пока не побеле́ют, бей бе́лых, пока́ не покрасне́ют!

Hit the reds till they turn white, beat the whites till they turn red!

Bej krásnyx, poka ne pobeléjut, bej bélyx, poká ne pokrasnéjut!


𒂗

Alternative form of 𒂗𒈾 (en-na /enna/, “until”)


ארי

→ Hebrew: הֲרֵי (harei)


даже

даже • (daže)

даже кастенат канен ом керт


то

→ Ingrian: too

Е́сли не сейча́с, (то) в сле́дующий раз. ― Jésli ne sejčás, (to) v slédujuščij raz. ― If not now, (then) next time.

Е́сли что́-нибудь найду́, (то) сообщу́. ― Jésli štó-nibudʹ najdú, (to) soobščú. ― If I find anything, I'll let you know.

Когда́ я просну́лась, (то) лежа́ла на крова́ти. ― Kogdá ja prosnúlasʹ, (to) ležála na krováti. ― When I woke up, I was lying on the bed.

Что каса́ется э́того, (то) нет. ― Što kasájetsja étovo, (to) net. ― As far as that's concerned, no.

Раз уж дал обеща́ние, (то) выполня́ет. ― Raz už dal obeščánije, (to) vypolnjájet. ― Since he made the promise, he's fulfilling it.

Мама́ша, вы вино́ запиши́те на Карюкова. Е́сли он лю́бит свято́е иску́сство, то пусть и пла́тит за честь у́жинать с его́ служи́телями.

1906, Александр Куприн [Aleksandr I. Kuprin], “4”, in Штабс-капитан Рыбников; English translation from John Middleton Murry, transl., Captain Ribnikov, 1916:

Put the wine down to Karyukov, Madame. If he loves sacred art, then he can pay for the honour of having supper with its priests.

Mamáša, vy vinó zapišíte na Karjukova. Jésli on ljúbit svjatóje iskússtvo, to pustʹ i plátit za čestʹ úžinatʹ s jevó služíteljami.

е́сли если#Russian

Optional part of "е́сли (jésli, “if”) …, то (to, “then”) …"–type constructions, sometimes translated to "then" in English (but used more often than the English equivalent).

То холодры́га, то ле́то.

It's freezing one minute then summer the next.

То он занима́ется му́зыкой, то он снима́ется в кино́.

If he's not doing music, he's doing movies.

To on zanimájetsja múzykoj, to on snimájetsja v kinó.

Used to denote repeated alternation of enumerated actions, events or objects.


affinché

Ti ho regalato i biglietti affinché tu potessi andare al concerto.

I gave you the tickets so that you would be able to go to the concert.

(followed by the subjunctive) so that, in order that


â

In origin a specialised prepositional use of a (“and”). (The distinction in spelling and pronunciation between the two prevocalic forms ag and ac is artificial.)

mor hen â phechod ei hun

as (in equative constructions mor...â, cyn...â)


抑是

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ si²²/

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ si²²/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ si³³/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ si³³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si²²/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ si³³/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ si³³/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ si³³/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ si³³/

/a³³⁻²³ si³⁵/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ si²²/

/a(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ si²²/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ si³³/

/a(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ si³³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si²²/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ si³³/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ si³³/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ si³³/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ si³³/

/a³³⁻²³ si³⁵/

好抑是毋好

Do you want to eat wheat noodles or rice noodles?

你欲食麵抑是米粉？

你欲食面抑是米粉？

Do you think Teochew language should be preserved in Singapore or is Mandarin good enough? ^([sic])

2015, Li Wei, Multilingualism in the Chinese Diaspora Worldwide: Transnational Connections and Local Social Realities, Routledge →ISBN, page 209

汝覺得呾潮州話在新加坡應唔應該流傳下去？啊是華人呾華語就夠了？

汝觉得呾潮州话在新加坡应唔应该流传下去？啊是华人呾华语就够了？


oant

oant it begûn te reinen

until, up to the time when (some condition occurs)


deste

(Erzgebirgisch) the (forming the parallel comparative with je)


no

No määmmä tunniin, toisen, a laageria ei oo.

1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:

But we walk for an hour, another, and the camp isn't there.


no

Mĩano ndĩtukanagio no kanua.

The diviner's gourds do not get confused, but a mouth does.


no

From Old Irish nó, nú, from Proto-Celtic *nowe (compare Welsh neu and Old Breton nou).


no

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nъ, (Russian но (no), ну (nu)), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nu (Lithuanian nu), from Proto-Indo-European *nu (“now”), (Latin nun-c, Ancient Greek νῦν (nûn)).

bolji no on

→ (= modern)

Izgledaš bolje no ikad.

Proračunski manjak Grčke u bio je značajno veći no što je vlada proc(ij)enila.

Greece's budget deficit was significantly bigger than the government had estimated.

(after a comparative, regional, dated, expressively) than (=nȅgo, ȍd)

Pogrešno, no bio si dosta blizu.

No os(j)ećam samo sreću.

Tekst nije savršen, no nije li mogao biti bolji?

The text is not perfect, but could it have been better?


soe

Many of the lupus piscis I have seen, and have bin informed by the king's fishmonger they are taken on our coast, but was not satisfied for some reasons of his relation soe as to enter it into my Pinax […]

1830, Christopher Merrett, letter to Thomas Browne:


vagy

From the expression az vagyon (“that is”). Compare Polish bądź.

Coordinate term: és

Ez vagy az?

Vagy itt van, vagy ott.


ただ

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

唯, 只, 但: but, however, although, except that


aci

and (used before name of person/relative)


或者

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/

/waː²² t͡sɛː³⁵/

/høyʔ⁵⁻³³ t͡sia³³/

/hiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/

/hiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/

/hiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/

/ɦoʔ¹¹ t͡se²³/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/

/waː²² t͡sɛː³⁵/

/høyʔ⁵⁻³³ t͡sia³³/

/hiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/

/hiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/

/hiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/

/ɦoʔ¹¹ t͡se²³/

甲或者乙


dù

Compare Middle Chinese 猶 (MC yuw, “still, yet”) (SV: do).


nè

I’ n’iè truvà nè spada, nè curtielo,

1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 68:


láng

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-laŋ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lyaŋ.

Nyang gyo láng ngo yi hga.

If he allows it, I will go. (Quoting Luk, p. 100)


dá

From Old Irish dïa (“if, when”). Cognate with Scottish Gaelic nan (“if, whether”).

Dá gcuirfeann sé fearthainne anois, d’osclófainn mo scáth fearthainne.

If it were raining now, I would open my umbrella.

Dá dtéiteá ar an aonach, b’fhéidir leat gamhain a dhíol.

If you had gone to the market, you could have sold a calf.

lá dá raibh sé ann


ò

From Latin aut, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), from *h₂ew (“away from, off”).


má

From Old Irish má, from Proto-Celtic *mā, *ma (compare Cornish and Breton ma, mar), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂.

Má chreideann sé an scéal sin tá sé saonta go maith.

If he believes that story, he’s pretty gullible.

Nuair a fuair sé bás, má bhí Máire brónach bhí sí sásta d’fhonn is go mbeadh an captaen óg le pósadh aici.

1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 193:

When he died, even though Máire was sad, she was satisfied in the hope that the young captain would marry her.


má

Irish: má

Manx: my

Scottish Gaelic: ma

From Proto-Celtic *mā, *ma (compare Cornish and Breton mar), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂. Cognate with Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn, “surely, truly”), Sanskrit स्म (sma).

cog

Má beid ní di rúnaib do·théi ar menmuin ind ḟir bíis inna ṡuidiu et ad·reig.

If there is anything of the mysteries that may come upon the mind of the man who is sitting, and he rises.

Má nudub·feil i n‑ellug coirp Críst, adib cland Abrache amal ṡodin, et it sib ata chomarpi Abracham.

If you pl are in the union of the body of Christ, you are Abraham’s children in that case, and it is you who are Abraham’s heirs.


mā

Brythonic:

Old Breton: ma

Middle Breton: ma, mar

Breton: mar

Cornish: mar

desctree

Old Irish: má
Irish: má
Manx: my
Scottish Gaelic: ma

Matasović compares Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn, “surely, truly”).


zowel

From Middle Dutch sôwel. Equivalent to a univerbation of zo + wel.

zowel X als Y


toen

Afrikaans: toe

From Middle Dutch doe, doen (with -n from dan), from Old Dutch thuo, from Proto-Germanic *þō.
Cognate with Luxembourgish dunn and similar forms (do, du, dun) in German dialects.

Hoe oud was je toen je vegetariër werd?

How old were you when you became vegetarian?

Toen João in 1821 terugkeerde naar Portugal bleef zijn zoon Peter als regent achter in Brazilië.
When João returned to Portugal in 1821, his son Peter remained in Brazil as regent.


поскольку

head

поско́льку • (poskólʹku)

поско́льку (canonical)
poskólʹku (romanization)

Ru-поскольку.ogg

Поско́льку Олимпи́йские и́гры собира́ют ты́сячи боле́льщиков и спортсме́нов, в Со́чи бы́ли постро́ены деся́тки но́вых гости́ниц.

Since the Olympic Games attract thousands of fans and athletes, dozens of new hotels were built in Sochi.

Poskólʹku Olimpíjskije ígry sobirájut týsjači bolélʹščikov i sportsménov, v Sóči býli postrójeny desjátki nóvyx gostínic.


ō

Latgalian: a

Lithuanian: õ

Proto-Slavic: *a (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd. Compare Sanskrit आत् (āt, “afterwards, then”).


ella

From Old Norse ella, shortened from earlier elligar. Compare ellegar. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *aljaz.


хотя

хотя́ • (xotjá)

Per Vasmer, probably inherited from Old East Slavic хотѧ (present active participle of хотѣти (xotěti)). Cognate with Polish chocia.

inh

present active participle of <i class="Cyrs mention" lang="orv">хотѣти</i> (xotěti)

inh+

Хотя́ произведе́ние бы́ло просты́м, кри́тики хвали́ли его́.

Although the art piece was simple, critics praised it.

Xotjá proizvedénije býlo prostým, krítiki xvalíli jevó.

хотя́ бы

although, though (contrasting two clauses)


ἵνα

head

ῐ̔́νᾰ • (hína)

grc-conjunction

ῐ̔́νᾰ • (hína)

Greek: να (na)

The stem ἵ- (hí-) is probably from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós (“that, who, which”), while the ending is an instrumental ending found in Sanskrit येन (yena, “by which, by that”), Old High German hina (“thither”), Old Irish cen (“on this side”).

cog

final, introducing a subordinate clause expressing a purpose: in order that, so that, so

introducing a clause of effort, indicating what someone is trying to accomplish: that

Subordinating conjunction
(usually poetic) where


nesto

[ˈne̞s̠tŏ̞̥]


так как

head

та́к как • (ták kak)

та́к как (canonical)
ták kak (romanization)


ばってん

From archaic ばてとも (ba-tetomo), which came to Kyūshū from Kyoto.

行きたかばってん、行かれんたい。

行きたいけれども、行くことができない。 (standard Japanese)


oppure

From o + pure; compare Lombard opur, Piedmontese opura.


以便

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɛn²²/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ piɛn⁴¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɛn²²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɛn³³/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɛn³³/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɛn²²/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ piɛn⁴¹/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɛn²²/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɛn³³/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɛn³³/


doordat

Negerhollands: doordie

De wedstrijd werd afgelast, doordat het hevig regende.

The match was canceled, because it was raining heavily.

Hij kon niet slapen, doordat de buren een feestje hielden.

He couldn't sleep, because the neighbors were having a party.

Het evenement liep uit, doordat er technische problemen waren.

The event ran late, because there were technical issues.


لا

From Proto-Semitic *lā. Compare Hebrew לֹא (lo), which, in older texts, is used in the negative imperative and the negative existential indicative.

ar:لا النافية للجنس

أَحْضِرْ وَثَائِقَكَ لَا كُتُبَكَ


comunque

From come (“how”) + -unque (indefinite suffix).


terwijl

Afrikaans: terwyl

Negerhollands: derwil

→ Kwinti: tewai

From now-obsolete terwijlen, from Middle Dutch terwilen, a shortening of ter wilen dat (“at the moment that”). See also wijl.

Tussen de geslachten bestaat een groot verschil in gewicht; mannetjes wegen gemiddeld ongeveer 100 gram, terwijl vrouwtjes tot 160 gram kunnen wegen.

Between the sexes there exists a big difference in weight; the males weigh on the average approximately 100 grams, whereas the females can weigh up to 160 grams.


aangezien

Afrikaans: aangesien

Hij was afwezig, aangezien hij ziek was.

We gaan naar binnen, aangezien het begint te regenen.

We're going inside, because it's starting to rain.


finché

finché non crederai

until you believe (literally, “as long as you don't believe”)

finché vivo

until I'm dead (literally, “as long as I live”)


whereäs

The ä emphasizes that the word is where + as.

After a dry season, the influence of heavy rains becomes manifest more quickly and more progressively in the less wooded basin, whereäs the reverse is found in the basin which has a larger forest area.

1906, Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses, Report of Proceedings ... Xth International Navigation Congress — Milan 1905, page 231:

Notice that since the range of χ is limited by (5), whereäs that of x is unlimited, the transformation (6) does not cover the whole of the space-time represented by (1).

1984, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, page 26:

[…]after MI, whereäs propranolol promotes it.

1997, Hiroyuki Sonoki et al., Heart and Vessels — Nipradilol, a new β-adrenergic blocker, reduces left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction in spontaneously hypertensive rats:


eer

Dutch: eer

Afrikaans: eer

Limburgish: ieër

From Old Dutch ēr, from Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz.


און

From Middle High German unt (“and”). Cognates include German und.


ден

Елу ден Серге Йошкар-Олаште илат
JElu den Serge Joškar-Olašte ilat
Yelu and Serge live in Yoshkar-Ola

used instead of дене (deńe) in various meanings


紲落

/sua²¹⁻⁵³ loʔ⁴/

/sua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ loʔ²⁴/

/sua²¹⁻⁵³ loʔ¹²¹/

/sua¹¹⁻⁵³ loʔ⁴/

/sua²¹⁻⁴¹ lɤʔ⁴/

/sua²¹⁻⁵³ loʔ⁴/

/sua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ loʔ²⁴/

/sua²¹⁻⁵³ loʔ¹²¹/

/sua¹¹⁻⁵³ loʔ⁴/

/sua²¹⁻⁴¹ lɤʔ⁴/


dahil

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dalih (“be the reason for an action”) with metathesis.


dahil

From a metathesis of Malay dalih (“reason; excuse”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dalih (“be the reason for an action”).


接著

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ə²/

/t͡siːp̚³ t͡sœːk̚²/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ tiɤʔ⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ə²/

/t͡siːp̚³ t͡sœːk̚²/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ tiɤʔ⁴/


mentre

Shortening of Old Catalan dementre, from Late Latin dum interim.

Mentre descansa, escolta música.

(followed by the subjunctive) as long as


mentre

Inherited from Late Latin dum interim (“while”).


nadat

Afrikaans: nadat

Jersey Dutch: nâdāt


ossia

Univerbation of o (“or”) + sia (“that it be”). Compare Portuguese ou seja, Spanish o sea.

univerbation

that is; to be precise (used to introduce a clarification or explanation)


purché

provided (that), as long as, on condition that


siccome

Siccome ero stanco, mi sono riposato.

Pura siccome un angelo / Iddio mi diè una figlia

1853, “La traviata”, Francesco Maria Piave (lyrics), Guiseppe Verdi (music), act 2, scene 5:

God gave me a daughter / As pure as an angel


pan

pan (mutation mutation-radical)
ban (mutation mutation-soft)
mhan (mutation mutation-nasal)
phan (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷis. See also Scottish Gaelic cuin, Latin quando, Proto-Germanic *hwan (“when”).


δή

→ Classical Syriac: ܕܝܢ

→ Coptic: ⲇⲉ (de)

→ Macedonian: де (de)

From Proto-Hellenic *dḗ, from Proto-Indo-European *de (“instrumental particle”). See also δέ (dé).


cuz

Informal spelling of 'cause (“because”).


wheresoe'er

/ˌʍɝ.səʊˈɛːɹ/

Alas, that the longest hill
Must end in a vale; but still,
Who climbs with toil, wheresoe'er,
Shall find wings waiting there.

1895, Henry Charles Breeching, Going down Hill on a Bicycle, A Boy's Song:


可是

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰə²⁴ sz̩²⁴/

/hɔː³⁵ siː²²/

/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si²²/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰə²⁴ sz̩²⁴/

/hɔː³⁵ siː²²/

/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si²²/

/kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si³³/

/kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si²²/

I am not Chinese but I can speak Mandarin Chinese.

Wǒ bù shì zhōngguórén kěshì wǒ huì shuō pǔtōnghuà.

我不是中國人可是我會說普通話。

我不是中国人可是我会说普通话。

"I am Ugly, but I am Gentle" (a 1988 song by Chief Chao)

《我很醜可是我很溫柔》

《我很丑可是我很温柔》


不過

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʷɔː³³/

/pəʔ² kuɤ⁴⁵/

/puʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kuɔ²¹³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kɤ²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ ko¹¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁵ ko²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ ko²¹/

/put̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/

/pəʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

/piɪʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

/piɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu⁵²³/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ kʷɔː³³/

/pəʔ² kuɤ⁴⁵/

/puʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kuɔ²¹³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ kɤ²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ ko¹¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁵ ko²¹/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ ko²¹/

/put̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/

/pəʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

/piɪʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

/piɪʔ⁵⁵ kəu⁵²³/

I think this idea is not wrong in theory, but it will be very difficult to put into practice.

Wǒ juéde zhège xiǎngfǎ lǐlùnshàng méiyǒu cuò, bùguò shíjiàn cāozuò qǐlái nándù huì hěn dà.

我覺得這個想法理論上沒有錯，不過實踐操作起來難度會很大。

我觉得这个想法理论上没有错，不过实践操作起来难度会很大。


אשר

head

אֲשֶׁר • ('ashér)

אֲשֶׁר (canonical)
'ashér (romanization)

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaṯar-. Cognate to Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “trace, vestige, impression, relic”) and Ge'ez አሰር (ʾäsär), አሠር (ʾäśär, “trace, vestige; way, road; relic”), more closely Aramaic אַתְרָא / ܐܰܬܪܳܐ (ʾaṯrā), absolute state אֲתַר (ʾăṯar), אָתַר (ʾaṯar) / ܐܰܬܰܪ (ʾaṯar, “spot, place”), doublet of אֲתָר (ʾăṯār, “spot, place”) borrowed from it, related also to the verb אָשַׁר (ʾāšár, “to go straight on, to make progress”).

cog

Aramaic אַתְרָא

A relativizer, used to introduce a relative clause


jollei

Univerbation of jolla (“if”) (dialectal) + ei

univ

Jollei sada, menen ulos.

Jollet tee mitään, menen ulos.


magari

From Greek μακάρι (makári, “I wish”), which is derived from Ancient Greek μακάριος (makários, “blessed, happy”). Compare Portuguese macar (“although”, conjunction), Spanish maguer (“although”, conjunction) and Romanian măcar (“even”, adverb).

cog

Magari fossi ricco!

Magari fosse vero!


ning

From Proto-Finnic *niinkä or *niin kuin.


eppure

Lo stesso film, eppure differente


thô

For thô he was one of our Authors Hereditary Kings, he claim'd no Power to convey the Crown, either by Cession, Resignation or Will.

1714, Mr. Asgill, The Succession of the House of Hannover Vindicated, Against the Pretender’s Second Declaration in Folio, intitled, The Hereditary Right of the Crown of England asserted, &c., J. Roberts, page 151:

The whole shew lasted near 8 hours, to my great sorrow, who was heartily tir’d, thô I was in the House of the Widow of the Capitan Bassa (Admiral), who refresh’d me with Coffée, Sweetmeats, Sherbet, etc., with all possible Civillity.

a. 1721, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, [Letter]; republished as The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: 1708-1720, Oxford University Press, 1965, page 357:


那麼

/naː¹³ mɔː⁵⁵/

/na²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/naː¹³ mɔː⁵⁵/

/na²² məʔ⁴⁴/

then we can actually, find an inverse of this matrix

nàme wǒmen jiù kěyǐ zhǎo dào zhège jǔzhèn de nì

那麼我們就可以找到這個矩陣的逆

那么我们就可以找到这个矩阵的逆


jotta

From Proto-Finnic *jotta, equivalent to jo- + -tta

Pidä kännykkä päällä, jotta kuulet kun soitan.

Keep the phone on you so that you'll hear when I call.

(subordinating) so that, in order that, for the purpose that

(dialectal) Synonym of että (“that; conjunction indicating that the subordinate clause is the object of the verb of the main clause”)


jotta

Finnish: jotta

Karelian:

North Karelian: jotta

South Karelian: jotta

Votic: jotti, jotta

From *jo- + *-tta. Cognate with Proto-Samic *joktē (whence Southern Sami juktie).


forasmuch as

/fɒɹəzˈmʌtʃ æz/

But, that Woodman and that Farmer, though they work unceasingly, work silently, and no one heard them as they went about with muffled tread: the rather, forasmuch as to entertain any suspicion that they were awake, was to be atheistical and traitorous.

1859, Charles Dickens, “The Period”, in A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book I (Recalled to Life), page 2:

(obsolete) So far as; with regard to so much as.


yan

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܝܲܢ (yan)


як

From Old East Slavic ꙗко (jako), from Proto-Slavic *jako.

чорні́ші як на́ші лю́ди


From a ligature of Latin et (“and”). Compare & and ⁊ of same meaning.

Press Ctrl+C to copy!

(computing) When placed between key names, indicates that they should be pressed simultaneously.


Abbreviation of and.
(stenoscript) Abbreviation of and.

Abbreviation of and.
Abbreviation of and.

Despite winning every award under the sun and being critically acclaimed + beloved, Schitt's Creek didn't become household-name-levels of popular until its last few seasons.

2024 September 16, Mehera Bonner, “Wondering What Dan Levy Is Making for Hosting the 2024 Emmys? Here's a Deep Dive on His Net Worth!”, in Cosmopolitan:

(slang) Used to connect two elements: and, plus.


(the policy of) 7 days of quarantine followed by 3 days of medical monitoring

(neologism, Covid-19) denotes the immigration policy where the preceding number is the number of days required for quarantine and the following number is the number of days for medical monitoring


雖然

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (雖然):
* → Vietnamese: tuy nhiên (雖然)

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʐän³/

/suei²⁴ ʐæ̃²⁴/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/ɬui³³ ᵑɡen²²⁻²²⁵/

/suɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ian¹¹/

/sui⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/sui⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/sui⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɛn²³/

/sui⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛn¹³/

/sui³³⁻²³ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/

/sui³³⁻²³ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʐän³/

/suei²⁴ ʐæ̃²⁴/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/

/ɬui³³ ᵑɡen²²⁻²²⁵/

/suɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ian¹¹/

/sui⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/sui⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/sui⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɛn²³/

/sui⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛn¹³/

/sui³³⁻²³ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/

/sui³³⁻²³ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

Although I don't have a car, I need to learn how to drive.

Suīrán wǒ méiyǒu chē, dànshì wǒ xūyào xuéxí rúhé kāichē.

雖然我沒有車，但是我需要學習如何開車。

虽然我没有车，但是我需要学习如何开车。

Although Wang Xiuying scored first in the exam, she was not at all arrogant about it.

Wáng Xiùyīng suīrán kǎo le dìyī, dànshì tā yīdiǎn yě bù jiāo'ào.

王秀英雖然考了第一，但是她一點也不驕傲。

王秀英虽然考了第一，但是她一点也不骄傲。

Although douzhi is difficult to drink, it can nourish the stomach, and relieve internal heat and inflammation.

Dòuzhī suīrán nán hē, dànshì tā yǒu jùyǒu yǎngwèi, jiědú, qīnghuǒ de gōngxiào.

豆汁雖然難喝，但是它有具有養胃、解毒、清火的功效。

豆汁虽然难喝，但是它有具有养胃、解毒、清火的功效。

I have not learnt the ceremonies observed by the princes. Nevertheless, I have heard about them.

Zhūhóu zhī lǐ, wú wèi zhī xué yě; suīrán, wú cháng wén zhī yǐ.

諸侯之禮，吾未之學也；雖然，吾嘗聞之矣。

诸侯之礼，吾未之学也；虽然，吾尝闻之矣。

The King of Chu said, "That being said, you have to tell me."

王曰：「雖然，必告不穀。」

王曰：「虽然，必告不谷。」

(Classical) although so; despite this; nevertheless; that being said


אן

ושא אללה אן יכון נור פכאן נור׃

c. 10th century, Saadia Gaon, Tafsir, 1:3:

And God willed there to be light, and then there was light.

wa-šāʔa llāhu ʔan yakūna nūrun fakāna nūrun.


אן

أَنَّ أن#Arabic


אן

Judeo-Arabic spelling of إِنْ (ʔin, “if”)


או

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaw. Cognate with Arabic أَوْ (ʔaw) and Ugaritic 𐎜 (ʾō).

הוא בא, או לא?

או זה או זה אפשר.

You can have either this one or this one.


או

Inherited from Latin aut. Compare Portuguese ou and Spanish o. By coincidence, resembles the Hebrew synonym או.

כי פראיו או כי שיראד דמיבי

What shall I do, what will become of me?


מן

Compare Hebrew מִן (min, “from”), Arabic مِن (min, “from”).


מטול

head

מִּטּוּל • (miṭṭūl)

arc-con

מִּטּוּל • (miṭṭūl)

מִּטּוּל (canonical)
miṭṭūl (romanization)


אלא

head

אלא • (ʔillā)

إِلَّا إلا#Arabic


אלא

אֶלָּא • (ʾellā)

arc-con

אֶלָּא • (ʾellā)


אלא

head

אֶלָּא • (elá)

Related to Arabic إِلَّا (ʔillā), Ge'ez አላ (ʾälla).

אָבִינוּ מַלְכֵּנוּ אֵין לָנוּ מֶלֶךְ אֶלָּא אַתָּה.

Our Father, our King, we have no king but You.


wheretoward

[Y]ou shall see in front of you the Golden Age for a goal, wheretoward you shall labor and struggle.

But for this statement one would have believed that the choice of style could only have been one of those audacious whims wheretoward youthfulness, prone to paradox, will sometimes be drawn.

1897, Aymer Vallance, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Ye work / Athwart your kings, forecasting overthrows / Wheretoward ye toil, armed with the potent spell / Of that mysterious union which ye claim […]

1872, George Savage-Armstrong, (Please provide the book title or journal name):


хоть

хоть • (xotʹ)

Per Vasmer, shortened from хотя́ (xotjá), probably from Old East Slavic хотѧ (present active participle of хотѣти (xotěti)). Compare Polish choć and its derivation from Old Polish chocia.


nje

-nje (canonical)
enginje (first-person positive singular)
engingenje (first-person negative singular)
nginje (copulative first-person positive singular)
anginje (copulative first-person negative singular)
onje (positive second-person singular)
ongenje (negative second-person singular)
unje (copulative positive second-person singular)
awunje (copulative negative second-person singular)
esinje (first-person plural positive)
esingenje (first-person negative plural)
sinje (copulative first-person plural positive)
asinje (copulative first-person negative plural)
eninje (plural positive second-person)
eningenje (negative plural second-person)
ninje (copulative plural positive second-person)
aninje (copulative negative plural second-person)
onje (class-1 positive)
ongenje (class-1 negative)
unje (class-1 copulative positive)
akanje (class-1 copulative negative)
abanje (class-2 positive)
abangenje (class-2 negative)
banje (class-2 copulative positive)
abanje (class-2 copulative negative)
onje (class-3 positive)
ongenje (class-3 negative)
unje (class-3 copulative positive)
awunje (class-3 copulative negative)
enje (class-4 positive)
engenje (class-4 negative)
inje (class-4 copulative positive)
ayinje (class-4 copulative negative)
elinje (class-5 positive)
elingenje (class-5 negative)
linje (class-5 copulative positive)
alinje (class-5 copulative negative)
anje (class-6 positive)
angenje (class-6 negative)
anje (class-6 copulative positive)
awanje (class-6 copulative negative)
esinje (class-7 positive)
esingenje (class-7 negative)
sinje (class-7 copulative positive)
asinje (class-7 copulative negative)
ezinje (class-8 positive)
ezingenje (class-8 negative)
zinje (class-8 copulative positive)
azinje (class-8 copulative negative)
enje (class-9 positive)
engenje (class-9 negative)
inje (class-9 copulative positive)
ayinje (class-9 copulative negative)
ezinje (class-10 positive)
ezingenje (class-10 negative)
zinje (class-10 copulative positive)
azinje (class-10 copulative negative)
olunje (class-11 positive)
olungenje (class-11 negative)
lunje (class-11 copulative positive)
alunje (class-11 copulative negative)
obunje (class-14 positive)
obungenje (class-14 negative)
bunje (class-14 copulative positive)
abunje (class-14 copulative negative)
okunje (class-15 positive)
okungenje (class-15 negative)
kunje (class-15 copulative positive)
akunje (class-15 copulative negative)
okunje (class-17 positive)
okungenje (class-17 negative)
kunje (class-17 copulative positive)
akunje (class-17 copulative negative)


כד

כַּד • (kaḏ)

arc-con

כַּד • (kaḏ)

Contraction of כְּדִי (kəḏī), from כְּ־ (kə-, “like/as”) + דִּי (dī, “that”), equivalent to כְּ־ (kə-, “like/as”) + דְּ־ (də-, “that”).


kö

No konletolsöd oles divis su taled, kö tien e ruil distukons, e kö tifans nübreikoms e tifoms!

1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: VI:

Do not store up treasures for yourselves on earth, where moth and woodworm destroy them and thieves can break in and steal.


av tí at

Compare Norwegian Nynorsk av di (at) and Icelandic af því að


áðrenn

Compound of áður (“before”) + enn (“than”).

áðrenn eg doyggi


だって

Sound change of だとて, compound of だ (da, “to be”, auxiliary verb) + とて (tote, “even, also”, binding particle).

ja-com

とても間に合いません。だって人手が足りません。

Totemo ma ni aimasen. Datte hitode ga tarimasen.

It's impossible to make it in time, but it's because we don't have enough hands.

Used to make an argument or give an excuse while expecting the other party's opposition or counterargument; but, however; even so; the reason is

だって寒いんだもん。


kui

Ultimately from Proto-Finnic *ku. Cognates include Finnish kui and Ingrian kui.

Hyö ollah kui lapset.


kui

Cognate with Finnish kuin, Ingrian kui and Estonian kui.


ку

From Proto-Permic *kod, from Proto-Uralic *ku-. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian кор (kor).


meðan

Faroese: meðan

Icelandic: meðan

Norwegian Nynorsk: medan, mens, med

Old Swedish: mæþan

Swedish: medan, mens

Danish: medens, mens, men

Norwegian Bokmål: mens

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: mens

→ Faroese: men

From Proto-Germanic *medanō (“meanwhile, as long as”); compare *midi (“along with”).

inh

Sigrdrífumál 4

Hail ye gods! Hail ye goddesses! Hail, fertile earth! Speech and wisdom grant to us famous ones, and healing hands while we live.

Heilir æsir! Heilar ásynjur! Heil sjá in fjölnýta fold! Mál ok mannvit gefið okkr mærum tveim, ok læknishendr meðan lifum.


vaikka

[ˈʋɑ̝i̯kːɑ̝]

From Proto-Finnic *vaikka, possibly from *vai. Related to Ingrian vaikka, Karelian vaikka and Votic vaikkõ.

Menen ulos, vaikka sataa.

Minun on saatava se valmiiksi tällä viikolla, vaikka sitten ylitöinä.

I'll have to finish it this week, working overtime if need be.

(subordinating) although, though, even though [with indicative]

Menen ulos, vaikka sataisi.

(subordinating) even if [with conditional]

Taitaa tulla hyvä sienivuosi, vaikka ethän sinä välitä sienistä.

It looks like a good year for mushrooms this year, not that you are partial to mushrooms.

(with negative) not that (usually with the clitic -han/-hän or -pa/-pä)


vaikka

From Proto-Finnic *vaikka. Cognates include Finnish vaikka.


vaikka

Finnish: vaikka, (dialectal) vaihka

Ingrian: ⇒ vaikko, vaikka, vaik

→ Votic: vaikkõ

Karelian:

North Karelian: vaikka (possibly borrowed from Finnish)

Probably from or akin to *vai, with + *-ka; perhaps roughly *vai + *-ka; the dialectal Finnish variant vaihka may hint at why this particle has a geminate *-kk-.


numai

Univerbation of nu + mai. Compare Latin American Spanish nomás, Catalan només and Venetian noma. First attested in the 16th century.
The imperative-accompanying sense is a semantic loan from Hungarian csak.


să

Inherited from Latin sī (“if”). The semantic function might have been influence from Paleo-Balkan; compare Albanian se.

Vreau să dorm puțin.

Trebuie să mănânci ceva.

Să-nceapă distracția!

Să îl ierte Dumnezeu.

Expresses desire or wish in optative or jussive constructions: let, may

Să îmi iei ceva de la magazin.

Get me something from the shop [when you go].

Să vedem ce fac copiii.

Forms the first person plural hortative: let's

Copacul o să crească.

(informal) Forms the informal future tense together with the auxiliary o/or.


desto

jo større den bliver, desto hårdere bliver den

the larger it becomes, the harder it becomes

the (forming the parallel comparative with jo)


desto

→ Danish: desto

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: desto

Norwegian Nynorsk: desto

→ Swedish: desto

From Old High German des diu, where des and diu are the genitive and instrumental case forms of Old High German daz n (“the; that, it”) respectively. Compare Dutch des te and English the ... the. Etymologically equivalent to des + die.

Je mehr, desto besser!

Je eher, desto besser!

the (forming the parallel comparative with je)

Desto mehr, desto besser

(informal, proscribed) used instead of je in the je ... desto construction


تا

From Middle Persian [script needed] (OD /tā/, “until, so that”), from Old Persian 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 (y-a-t-a /yātā/), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HyátʰaH (“as, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós. Compare Sanskrit यथा (yathā).

تا یادش میآید

تا مادرم آنجاست او باید برود.

As long as my mother is there, he should go.

تا تو نروی٬ مادرت نمیآید.
tâ to na-ravi, mâdar-at ne-mi-âyad.
Your mother will not come until you go.

literally, “As long as you do not go, your mother will not come.”

(usually in the initial clause) as long as, so long as, as far as

تا رسیدم دختر رفته بود.

By the time I arrived, the girl had left.

تا درسم را تمام کردم، کار خوبی پیدا کرده بودم.

By the time I finished my studies, I had found good job.

tâ dars-am râ tamâm kardam, kâr-e xubi peydâ karde budam.

(usually in the initial clause) by the time, when

تا من دیدمش، خانه را ترک کردم.

(in the initial clause, taking the main stress of the sentence) as soon as

مادرت نمیآید تا تو بروی.

رفتم تا او را ببینم.

الله الله قسم مسکین بعد من
 وا مگیریدش ز حرص خویشتن
 تا بماند بر شما کشت و ثمار
 در پناه طاعت حق پایدار.

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume 5, verse 1480—1481:

For God's sake, for God's sake, after I am gone, do not on account of your covetousness withhold the portion of the poor,
So that the crops and fruit may remain [as a] permanent [blessing bestowed] on you under the safeguard of your obedience to God.

allāh allāh qism-i miskīn ba'd-i man
 wā magīrīdaš z-i hirs-i xwēštan
 tā bimānad bar šumā kišt u simār
 dar panāh-i tā'at-i haqq pāydār.

(with subjunctive, in a subsequent clause) to; in order to; so that


تا

Borrowed from Classical Persian تا (tā).


ما

Cognate with Hebrew מָה (ma) and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎅 (mh).

فَمَا ٱسْتَقَامُوا لَكُمْ فَٱسْتَقِيمُوا لَهُمْ

So as long as they are straight with you, be straight with them.

[…] وَلَا يَأْبَ ٱلشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا […]

[…] And let not the witnesses refuse when they are called upon. […]

[…] walā yaʔba š-šuhadāʔu ʔiḏā mā duʕū […]

مَا الزَّائِدَة
ما الزائدة#Arabic

A subordinating conjunction following particles or genitival nouns in conditional statements, known as مَا الزَّائِدَة (mā z-zāʔida), 'superfluous mā'

وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ

And they will suffer a painful punishment, as they used to lie.

wa-lahum ʕaḏābun ʔalīmun bi-mā kānū yakḏibūna

أَتَظُنُّ أَنَّكَ بَعْدَ مَا أَحْرَقْتَنِي وَرَقَصْتَ كَٱلشَيْطَانِ فَوْقَ رُفَاتِي

2017, 0:35 from the start, in أَتَظُنُّ أَنَّكَ عِنْدَمَا أَحْرَقْتَنِي [ʔataẓunnu ʔannaka ʕindamā ʔaḥraqtanī], مُهَذِّل الصُّقُور (muhaḏḏil aṣ-ṣuqūr) (actor):

Do you think that, after you set me alight, and you danced like Satan over my ashes

loosely translates to that; introduces a verbal complement to a preposition, standing in place of the definite verbal noun


sillä

Jään kotiin, sillä olen sairas.

Tiedän, että huomenna sataa, sillä niin kerrottiin televisiossa.

I know it will rain tomorrow because that was told on television.


à la différence de

LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-à la différence de.wav


تو

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit, probably from Sanskrit ततस् (tatas, “from there”).


hvørki

(poetic) hvørki ... ei

hvørki ... ella

hvørki so


tast

Attested in 1622 as taste, of uncertain origin:
* Contraction of Old Norse þar (“when”) + relative pronoun es + conjunction at (“that”) > *tarst > tast. Old Norse þar corresponds to modern dar, and cf. the form dest attested elsewhere in Ovansiljan, where the cognate to dar is der.
* Contraction of elements corresponding to Old Norse þá (“then”) + relative pronoun es, with a final -t perhaps from an enclitic Old Norse at (“that”) or til (> te), or perhaps secondary, as in welest (cognate to Old Swedish vælis).

Wiljom gäma bort oss, taste ahn gohr iädå.

1622, Andreas Johannis Prytz, Comoedia om Konung Gustaf then första 1622:

[…]e’ war landsöwdindsin sjuov so add dsiwid feslae, wen so uld dsjäros tast kunundsin uld kumo.

1985, Hjalmar Larsson, Kunundsin kumb: lesubuok ǫ dalska:

It was the governor himself who had suggested what should be done until the king would come.


difatti

From Italian di + fatti (the plural of fatto).


siz

Cognate with Finnish siis and Estonian siis.


então

From Old Galician-Portuguese enton, from Vulgar Latin *in tunc, from Latin in + tunc (“then”). Displaced collateral form entonce. Compare Spanish entonces.

Esse computador é caro, então não posso comprá-lo.

This computer is expensive, therefore I can’t buy it.


alls

alls þú ert góðr drengr kallaðr

alls þú ert svá þráhaldr á þínu máli
(please add an English translation of this usage example)


bensì

La Terra non è una stella, bensì un pianeta.


heldur

Konan á að læra í kyrrþey, í allri undirgefni. Ekki leyfi ég konu að kenna eða taka sér vald yfir manninum, heldur á hún að vera kyrrlát.

A woman should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent.


siþþan

Middle English: sitthen

English: sithen

Scots: syne

Middle English: sitthens

English: sithence, sithens

Middle English: syns

English: since

From an earlier (unrecorded) form *sīþ þon (“subsequent to that”), with contraction and corresponding shortening of long vowel.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
Min leofe cild, nis nu todæg se casere on eorþan lifigende þe decius sy genemned, se casere þe þu embe axast, he wæs gefyrn worulde and swiðe fela geara synd nu agane syððan he gewat of þysan life;..

My dear child, there is not today the emperor living on earth who is named Decius; the emperor whom thou askest about, he lived in the world long ago, and very many years are now past since he departed from this life.


þenden

From Proto-Germanic *þandê, from *þana (“at that, at that time, then”), *þan. Cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴 (þandē, “while, as long as, because”) and Old High German thanta, danta (“because”). More at then and than.


しかし

/ɕikari ɕi/ → /ɕikaɕɕi/ → /ɕikaɕi/
Originally 然り (shikari, “being like so”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 然り (shikari, “to be like so”)) + し (shi, the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of past recollective auxiliary き (ki)). This abbreviated from shikari shi to shikasshi, and then shortened further to shikashi.
The initial sense may have been parseable as that [preceding statement] being so, ..., much like English phrases such as be that as it may or that said, followed by a statement in opposition to the earlier statement.

しかし男は必ずしもそうと限りません。

1911, 与謝野晶子, 産屋物語

Shikashi otoko wa kanarazu shi mo sō to kagirimasen.


enda

Ultimately from enn þá.
Possibly influenced by or borrowed from Danish endda (“even!”).
Cognate with Danish endda (“even!”), Swedish ändå (“yet”), Norwegian Nynorsk endå.

Hann er góður með dýr, enda er hann úr sveitinni.

He's good with animals, which is natural since he is from the countryside.

Enda er ég orðinn sjötugur.

That is to be expected, since I am now 70 years old.

"which is natural, since ..." (the first clause comes as a logical conclusion of the second clause)


datt

From Middle High German dat, from Old High German that, north-western variant of thaz, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Cognate with Central Franconian datt, German dass, Dutch dat, English that.
The split between Luxembourgish dat (pronoun) and datt (conjunction) is due to the fact that the latter is virtually never stressed, which prevented the otherwise regular lengthening (note that dat may also be pronounced with a short vowel in unstressed position). The byform dass does not directly continue Old High German thaz, but is actually from datt + s (2nd person singular ending), thus from a contraction datt s de → dass de (“that you”). Compare wann s de (“if you”), etc., and compare for the contraction has (“you had”) from underlying *haats. The subsequent generalisation of dass, however, was surely reinforced by the form dass in Standard German and in dialects to the south-east of Luxembourg.

Mir sinn trauereg, datt eis Vakanz fäerdeg ass.


senz

desctree

→ Middle English: saunz, sauns, sanz, sans, saunce, san, saun, sawnz, sauncz, sance
English: sans
Scots: sans (obsolete)

Middle French: sans

French: sans

Norman: sans (Jersey)

From Latin sine conflated with absentia in the sense "without".


のみならず

From のみ (nomi, “only”) + ならず (narazu, negative form of なり (nari)).

ja-compound

ヨーロッパのみならず日本でも大ヒット

Yōroppa nomi narazu Nihon de mo dai-hitto

a smash hit not only in Europe, but also in Japan


qualora

in the event that (something should or may happen); in case


malgrado

Inherited from Latin male grātus (“ungrateful”). By surface analysis, mal(e) + grado. Cognate with Catalan malgrat and French malgré. Compare di buongrado and the borrowing grato.


malgrado

From Old Galician-Portuguese mal(o) + grado, which stems from Latin grātum (see grātus (“pleasing, acceptable, agreeable, welcome”)). Compare Catalan malgrat and French malgré.

Ele partiu, malgrado as súplicas de seu pai para que ficasse.

He left, despite his father's pleas for him to stay.


malgrado

Inherited from Old Spanish mal(o) + grado, which stems from Latin grātum (see grātus (“pleasing, acceptable, agreeable, welcome”)).


nonché

[…] spero trovar pietà, nonché perdono.

1336–1374, Francesco Petrarca, “I — Voi ch’ascoltate in rime sparse il suono”, in Il Canzoniere, line 8; republished as Daniele Ponchiroli, editor, Turin: publ. Giulio Einaudi, 1964:

I hope to find not only forgiveness, but also pity.


etsi

Etsi vereor, iudices...


enti

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


そして

そして頭を下げた。

1914, 豊島与志雄, 恩人

そして、さっそく明日、この品物をその子供にお返しなさいよ。

1906, 小川未明, 海の少年

So give this item back to that child first thing tomorrow.

Soshite, sassoku ashita, kono shinamono o sono kodomo ni o-kaeshi nasai yo.

そして見ると…


albe

Why ſhould not that dead carrion ſatisfie / The guilt, which if he liued had thus long, / His life for due reuenge ſhould deare abie ? / The treſpaſſe ſtill doth liue, albe the perſon die.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


ahte

Borrowed from Finnish että, from Proto-Finnic *että.

Don dadjet ahte boađášit!


kuten

kuten kesällä myös talvella


siquiera

Univerbation of si + quiera, literally “if [one] wants”; cf. also Old Spanish siquier, possibly from Latin sī quaerit. Cognate with Portuguese sequer.


însă

Inherited from Latin ipsa, with a nasal infix.


ولی

From earlier ولیکن (walēkin), from Arabic وَلٰكِن (walākin) or a conjugation of و (wa) and لیکن (lēkin) from Arabic لٰكِن (lākin).


اما

head

اَمّا (əmmâ)


اما

امّا • (ammâ)


اما

اَمّا (canonical)
ammā (romanization)
अम्मा (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian اما (ammā), from Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā).


decât

From de (“of”) + cât (“how much”). First attested in c. 1574.

ref

decât in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

(in negative constructions) only, nothing but

(obsolete or regional) Synonym of însă (“but”)


ove

(obsolete, literary, with the subjunctive verb) in the event that, in case


یا

→ Arabic:

Egyptian Arabic: يا (ya)

Gulf Arabic: يا ... يا (yā ... yā)

South Levantine Arabic: يا (ya)

→ Azerbaijani: ya

→ Bashkir: йә (yə)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: या (yā)

Urdu: یا (yā)

→ Phalura: yaá/یا

→ Kannada: ಯಾ (yā)

→ Ottoman Turkish: یا (ya)

Turkish: ya

→ Turkmen: ýa

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾywp /ayāb/), Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫁 (ʾyʾb /ayāb/). Cognate with Parthian 𐫀𐫃𐫀𐫖 (ʾgʾm /āgām/). Further etymology unclear; not found in Old Persian.

inh+

امروز یا فردا میروید؟ (more literary)
emruz yâ fardâ mi-ravid?

امرو یا فردا میرین؟ (more colloquial)

عزم دیدار تو دارد جانِ بر لب آمده
باز گردد یا برآید؟ چیست فرمان شما؟

c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 12”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]:

My soul, resolved to see you, has come to the edge;
Shall it go back, or come forth? Which do you command?

azm-i dîdâr-i tu dârad jân-i bar lab âmada
bâz gardad yâ bar-âyad? čî-st farmân-i šumâ?

یا امروز یا فردا


basi

Borrowed from Omani Arabic بس (bass, “enough!”), from Persian بس (bas, “enough”).

bor+

Imba basi!


چون

From Middle Persian [script needed] (cygwn' /čiyōn/, “as, like, how, when”), from Proto-Iranian *či-gauna- (“shape, figure”), from *či- (“what”) + *gauna- (“color, type”). Synchronically analyzable as چه (če, “what”) + گون (gun, “color, type”).

af

چون هوا خیلی سرد بود نیامدند.

They did not come since it was very cold.

چون بزه خواهی کرد باری بزه بیمزه مکن ، شراب که خوری خوشتر خور و سماع که شنوی خوشتر شنو.

When you want to commit sin for a time, do not commit tasteless sin. When you drink wine, drink from the best! And when you listen to music, listen to the best!

čūn baza xwāhī kard bārē baza-yi bē-maza makun, šarāb ki xwarī xwaštar xwar u samā' ki šinawī xwaštar šinaw.

چونی؟

تو مپندار که مِهر از دلِ محزون نرود
آتشِ عشق به جان افتد و بیرون نرود
وین محبّت به صد افسانه و افسون نرود
چه گمان غلط است این، برود، چون نرود؟

c. 1580, Vahshī Bāfqī, “شرح پریشانی”, in گزیده اشعار [Selected Poems]:

Don't think that affection can't leave a forlorn heart,
That the fire of love falls on the soul and never leaves,
That this love won't leave after a hundred fables and empty spells:
What a mistake of a thought! [Love] leaves, how could it not?

tū ma-pindār ki mihr az dil-i mahzūn na-rawad
ātaš-i išq ba jān uftad u bērūn na-rawad
w-īn muhabbat ba sad afsāna u afsūn na-rawad
či gamān-i ğalat ast īn, bi-rawad, čūn na-rawad?


oþþæt

From oþ + þæt. Compare Old Saxon untat, Old High German untaz.

Beorn sċeal ġebīdan, · þonne hē bēot spriceð,
oþþæt collenferð · cunne ġearwe
hwider hreþra ġehyġd · hweorfan wille.

Man must pause when he tells a promise
until bold spirit would know clearly
where thought of hearts would turn.


adonde

L lhibro stá adonde queries.

where (at or in which place or situation)


manzi

-mânzi (canonical)
endimanzi (attributive first-person positive singular)
endingemanzi (attributive first-person negative singular)
ndimanzi (attributive copulative first-person positive singular)
andimanzi (attributive copulative first-person negative singular)
omanzi (attributive positive second-person singular)
ongemanzi (attributive negative second-person singular)
umanzi (attributive copulative positive second-person singular)
awumanzi (attributive copulative negative second-person singular)
esimanzi (attributive first-person plural positive)
esingemanzi (attributive first-person negative plural)
simanzi (attributive copulative first-person plural positive)
asimanzi (attributive copulative first-person negative plural)
enimanzi (attributive plural positive second-person)
eningemanzi (attributive negative plural second-person)
nimanzi (attributive copulative plural positive second-person)
animanzi (attributive copulative negative plural second-person)
omanzi (attributive class-1 positive)
ongemanzi (attributive class-1 negative)
umanzi (attributive class-1 copulative positive)
akamanzi (attributive class-1 copulative negative)
abamanzi (attributive class-2 positive)
abangemanzi (attributive class-2 negative)
bamanzi (attributive class-2 copulative positive)
abamanzi (attributive class-2 copulative negative)
omanzi (attributive class-3 positive)
ongemanzi (attributive class-3 negative)
umanzi (attributive class-3 copulative positive)
awumanzi (attributive class-3 copulative negative)
emanzi (attributive class-4 positive)
engemanzi (attributive class-4 negative)
imanzi (attributive class-4 copulative positive)
ayimanzi (attributive class-4 copulative negative)
elimanzi (attributive class-5 positive)
elingemanzi (attributive class-5 negative)
limanzi (attributive class-5 copulative positive)
alimanzi (attributive class-5 copulative negative)
amanzi (attributive class-6 positive)
angemanzi (attributive class-6 negative)
amanzi (attributive class-6 copulative positive)
awamanzi (attributive class-6 copulative negative)
esimanzi (attributive class-7 positive)
esingemanzi (attributive class-7 negative)
simanzi (attributive class-7 copulative positive)
asimanzi (attributive class-7 copulative negative)
ezimanzi (attributive class-8 positive)
ezingemanzi (attributive class-8 negative)
zimanzi (attributive class-8 copulative positive)
azimanzi (attributive class-8 copulative negative)
emanzi (attributive class-9 positive)
engemanzi (attributive class-9 negative)
imanzi (attributive class-9 copulative positive)
ayimanzi (attributive class-9 copulative negative)
ezimanzi (attributive class-10 positive)
ezingemanzi (attributive class-10 negative)
zimanzi (attributive class-10 copulative positive)
azimanzi (attributive class-10 copulative negative)
olumanzi (attributive class-11 positive)
olungemanzi (attributive class-11 negative)
lumanzi (attributive class-11 copulative positive)
alumanzi (attributive class-11 copulative negative)
obumanzi (attributive class-14 positive)
obungemanzi (attributive class-14 negative)
bumanzi (attributive class-14 copulative positive)
abumanzi (attributive class-14 copulative negative)
okumanzi (attributive class-15 positive)
okungemanzi (attributive class-15 negative)
kumanzi (attributive class-15 copulative positive)
akumanzi (attributive class-15 copulative negative)
okumanzi (attributive class-17 positive)
okungemanzi (attributive class-17 negative)
kumanzi (attributive class-17 copulative positive)
akumanzi (attributive class-17 copulative negative)


manzi

-mânzi (canonical)
engimanzi (first-person positive singular)
engingemanzi (first-person negative singular)
ngimanzi (copulative first-person positive singular)
angimanzi (copulative first-person negative singular)
omanzi (positive second-person singular)
ongemanzi (negative second-person singular)
umanzi (copulative positive second-person singular)
awumanzi (copulative negative second-person singular)
esimanzi (first-person plural positive)
esingemanzi (first-person negative plural)
simanzi (copulative first-person plural positive)
asimanzi (copulative first-person negative plural)
enimanzi (plural positive second-person)
eningemanzi (negative plural second-person)
nimanzi (copulative plural positive second-person)
animanzi (copulative negative plural second-person)
omanzi (class-1 positive)
ongemanzi (class-1 negative)
umanzi (class-1 copulative positive)
akamanzi (class-1 copulative negative)
abamanzi (class-2 positive)
abangemanzi (class-2 negative)
bamanzi (class-2 copulative positive)
abamanzi (class-2 copulative negative)
omanzi (class-3 positive)
ongemanzi (class-3 negative)
umanzi (class-3 copulative positive)
awumanzi (class-3 copulative negative)
emanzi (class-4 positive)
engemanzi (class-4 negative)
imanzi (class-4 copulative positive)
ayimanzi (class-4 copulative negative)
elimanzi (class-5 positive)
elingemanzi (class-5 negative)
limanzi (class-5 copulative positive)
alimanzi (class-5 copulative negative)
amanzi (class-6 positive)
angemanzi (class-6 negative)
amanzi (class-6 copulative positive)
awamanzi (class-6 copulative negative)
esimanzi (class-7 positive)
esingemanzi (class-7 negative)
simanzi (class-7 copulative positive)
asimanzi (class-7 copulative negative)
ezimanzi (class-8 positive)
ezingemanzi (class-8 negative)
zimanzi (class-8 copulative positive)
azimanzi (class-8 copulative negative)
emanzi (class-9 positive)
engemanzi (class-9 negative)
imanzi (class-9 copulative positive)
ayimanzi (class-9 copulative negative)
ezimanzi (class-10 positive)
ezingemanzi (class-10 negative)
zimanzi (class-10 copulative positive)
azimanzi (class-10 copulative negative)
olumanzi (class-11 positive)
olungemanzi (class-11 negative)
lumanzi (class-11 copulative positive)
alumanzi (class-11 copulative negative)
obumanzi (class-14 positive)
obungemanzi (class-14 negative)
bumanzi (class-14 copulative positive)
abumanzi (class-14 copulative negative)
okumanzi (class-15 positive)
okungemanzi (class-15 negative)
kumanzi (class-15 copulative positive)
akumanzi (class-15 copulative negative)
okumanzi (class-17 positive)
okungemanzi (class-17 negative)
kumanzi (class-17 copulative positive)
akumanzi (class-17 copulative negative)


alzo

From Middle Dutch alsô, from Old Dutch alsō, from Proto-West Germanic *allswā. Equivalent to al + zo. Doublet of als.


می

(dialectal, Shiraz, Kazerun, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) but

(dialectal, Shiraz, Khesht, Kazerun, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) unless


כי

הלכתי למכולת לקנות שקית חלב כי אמי ביקשה ממני.

I went to the grocery store to buy a bag of milk because my mother asked me to.

halákhti lamakólet liknót sakít khaláv kí 'imí bik'shá miméni.

השמש נמצאת עכשיו במזרח, כי זוהי שעת זריחתה.

The sun is in the east now, for this is the hour of its rising.

hashémesh nimtsét 'akhsháv bamizrákh, kí zóhi sh'át z'rikhatáh.

המורה הודיעה כי מחר יתקיים יום ספורט בית־ספרי.

The teacher announced that tomorrow will be a school sports day.

hamorá hodí'a ki makhár yitkayém yóm spórt beit-sifrí.

על השלט נכתב כי אסור להפריע את מנוחת הדיירים בין 2 ל־4 בצהריים.

The sign says (literally On the sign is written) that [it is] forbidden to disturb the tenants' rest between 2 and 4 in the afternoon.

'al hashélet nikhtáv kí 'asúr l'hafría' 'et m'nukhát hadayarím bein 2 l'-4 batsohoráyim.

(dated or formal) that; used to introduce declarative content clauses


ជា

that (after verbs of thinking or knowing)


សហ

Khmer script form of saha (“together with”)


nego

Beograd je veći nego Zagreb.

(with nominative) than (in comparisons, following the comparative)

On je ne samo darovit, nego i jako marljiv.

He is not only talented, but also very diligent.

To nije crno, nego b(ij)elo.

(following a negation) but (see also vȅć)

To mi je jasno. Nego, hoćemo krenuti?

(linking word at the start of the sentence connecting it with the previous sentence, but changing the subject) rather

linking word at the start of the sentence connecting it with the previous sentence; but changing the subject; linking word at the start of the sentence connecting it with the previous sentence; but changing the subject

Nego (što)!

(indicates agreement) indeed, hear, hear


puesto

Past participle of poner (“to put”); from Latin postus, from positus. Compare English post.


爾後

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ hɐu̯²²/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ hɐu̯²²/

Many theories of natural science are held to be true not only because they were so considered when natural scientists originated them, but because they have been verified in subsequent scientific practice.

1937, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《實踐論》 (On Practice), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Xǔduō zìrán kēxué lǐlùn zhīsuǒyǐ bèi chēngwéi zhēnlǐ, bùdàn zàiyú zìrán kēxuéjiāmen chuànglì zhèxiē xuéshuō de shíhou, érqiě zàiyú wéi ěrhòu de kēxué shíjiàn suǒ zhèngshí de shíhou.

許多自然科學理論之所以被稱為真理，不但在於自然科學家們創立這些學說的時候，而且在於為爾後的科學實踐所證實的時候。

许多自然科学理论之所以被称为真理，不但在于自然科学家们创立这些学说的时候，而且在于为尔后的科学实践所证实的时候。

(literary) henceforth; thereafter; from now on