ależ

From ale + -ż. First attested in the 15th century.

Tha pany przeczyw themu... nycz nye rzekla..., alesz po szmyerczy yego przyszla przed gayny szad

1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 83:

(emphatic, attested in Greater Poland) but

Yensze trudy czyrpyal beszmyernye, yeszczecz byl nye przyszpial zawyernye, alesz sząm bog z marthwych wsthąl

1937 [End of the 15th century], Józef Birkenmajer, editor, Bogarodzica dziewica. Analiza tekstu, treści i formy, number D, Częstochowa:

Mieszkajże tam, ależ (donec) cie ja wzowę

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 89:

Alesz gospodzyn strz[e]dz bødze masta (nisi... custodierit), we prosznoscz czynø, gysz strzegø gego

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 126, 2:

*W swej sekci[e] albo zakonu nikogo nie przyjęli, jedno ależ rok służył (nisi sub anni probatione)

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 182:

Vye alesz Vlian, Pyotr y Maczk, ysz szly luthi

1927 [1471], Jan Fijałek, editor, Cyzjojan kłobucki, Kłobuck, page 443:

(attested in Silesia) The meaning of this term is uncertain.


ależ

Inherited from Old Polish ależ. By surface analysis, ale + -ż.


кадешто

head

кадешто • (kadešto)

каде што
каде што#Macedonian


منشان

ajp-conjunction

منشان • (minšān)

From Arabic مِن (min) + شَأْن (šaʔn), thus literally “from the issue of”.

so that, in order to (before a subjunctive verb)


مشان

مشان • (mišān)


niżeli

(literary) than (used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison)


بما إنه

بما إنّه (canonical)
bi-ma ʔinno (romanization)

Semi-learned borrowing from Arabic بِمَا أَنَّهُ (bimā ʔannahu).

slbor

بِمَا أَنَّهُ


مادام

ajp-conjunction

مادام • (mā-dām)

LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-MahmoudM (AdrianAbdulBaha)-ما دام.wav

Learned borrowing from Arabic مَا دَامَ (mā dāma).


لحتى

لحتّى (canonical)
la-ḥatta (romanization)

Reduplicated form from لـ (la-) + حتى (ḥatta).

Alternative form of حتى (ḥatta, “so that”)


إنكن

إنكنّـ (canonical)
ʔin-kann- (romanization)
إنكنّـ
إنكنّي (first-person singular)
إنكنّا (first-person plural)
إنكنّك (masculine second-person singular)
إنكنّك (feminine second-person singular)
إنكنكم (plural second-person)
إنكنّه (masculine singular third-person)
إنكنها (feminine singular third-person)
إنكنهم (plural third-person)

بدي أعرف إنكنه فاضي بكرة.


ក៏ប៉ុន្តែ

km-con

ក៏ប៉ុន្តែ • (kɑɑ pontae)


terus

An unadapted borrowing from Indonesian terus (“straight, directly”), preserving the schwa.


vả chăng

[vaː˧˩ t͡ɕaŋ˧˧]

[vaː˧˨ t͡ɕaŋ˧˧]

[vaː˨˩˦ caŋ˧˧]

[jaː˨˩˦ caŋ˧˧]

(literary) besides; moreover; furthermore


លុះ

វានៅស្ងៀមលុះយើងទៅជិត វាស្ទុះរត់ចេញ
viə nɨw sngiəm luh yəəng tɨw cɨt · viə stuh rŭət cəñ
He was silent until we got near, then he ran off.

when (and only when), by the time that, until, then


vả lại

[vaː˧˩ laːj˧˨ʔ]

[vaː˧˨ laːj˨˩ʔ]

[vaː˨˩˦ laːj˨˩˨]

[jaː˨˩˦ laːj˨˩˨]

Vả lại, mẹ thường bảo chúng tôi rằng: "Phải như thế, để các con biết kiếm ăn một mình cho quen đi. […]"

1941, Tô Hoài, chapter 1, in Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký [Diary of a cricket], Tân Dân Publishing House:

Besides, my mother used to tell her children, “It's good for you to learn to fly with your own wings. […]”


kāfai

From Proto-Polynesian *ka-fai. Cognates include Tongan ka na fai and Samoan ʻāfai.

Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.

1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau], page 1:

This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and [if] they live together in peace and happiness.


alhali

From Arabic اَلْحَال (al-ḥāl). Doublet of hālī.


pãnã

From Latin paene ad (“almost to”). Compare Romanian până.


毋止

/m̩⁴¹⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/m̩²²⁻²¹ t͡si⁵³/

/m̩⁴¹⁻²² t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/m̩²²⁻²¹ t͡si⁵³/

(Southern Min) Alternative form of 伓止 (“not only; not merely”)


گَراہ

head

گَراہ ... گَراہ

گَراہ ... گَراہ • (transliteration needed)

گَراہ چھُک ژٕ ہیٛۆر کھَسان گَراہ چھُک ژٕ بۄن وَسان

Sometimes you go up, sometimes you come down.


𑂄𑂇

from Magadhi Prakrit *𑀅𑀯𑀭 (*avara), from Sanskrit अपर (apara, “other, different”).


اَماپۆز

head

اَماپۆز • (amāpoz)


kollma

Kollma jiġri jinstama’.


аджаба

а́джаба • (ádžaba)

а́джаба (canonical)
ádžaba (romanization)

а́джеба аджеба#Bulgarian


唔淨只

/m̩²¹ t͡sɪŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/

/m̩²¹ t͡sɪŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/


にして

一瞬にして

○歳にして父を失う

ローマは一日にして成らず


آنجق

Turkish: ancak

→ Northern Kurdish: ancax

desc

→ Armenian: ա՛նճախ (ánčax), ա՛նջախ (ánǰax)

→ Laz: ანჯახი (ancaxi)

→ South Levantine Arabic: أنجق (ʔanjaʔ)


εἴπου

head

εἴπου • (eípou)

grc-conjunction

εἴπου • (eípou)

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.93

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.193

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.1.16

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.415

if anywhere, if at all
(indirect) whether anywhere


baino

Perhaps from a hypothetical stem *bain-, in that case related to baina (“but”).

Ez naiz bere anaia, bere laguna baino.

Ez ikaratu, katua baino ez da.


ហាក់

km-con

ហាក់ • (hak)


អញ្ចឹង

អញ្ចឹង • (ʼɑɑʼɑñcəng)


uþþan

Old English: oþþon

Gothic: *𐌿𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 (*uþþan) (attested only in 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌿𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 (nauhuþþan))

From *ud (stressed *uþ) + *þan (“then”). For the former, compare Sanskrit उत (uta, “and, also”).


-𐕄𐔴

From Middle Persian AYK (kū), cognate with Northern Kurdish ku, Persian که and Azerbaijani ki.

𐕆𐔰𐕌𐕒𐕖 (hamoč, “what time”) + -𐕄𐔴 (-ḳe) → 𐕆𐔰𐕌𐕒𐕖𐕄𐔴 (hamočḳe, “when”)

that; subordinates a clause to a main clause


maamafih

From Arabic مَعَ مَا فِيهِ (maʕa mā fīhi).

der

مَعَ مَا فِيهِ

Arabic مَعَ مَا فِيهِ (maʕa mā fīhi)


имајќи предвид дека

head

имајќи предвид дека • (imajḱi predvid deka)


cu toate că

Ei s-au despărțit, cu toate că se iubeau.

They broke up, even though they loved each other.

although, even though, even if, in spite of, despite the fact that


ከ-

ምን፡ዐድ-ተክላይ፡ሀረሳ፡ከጎና፡ገአት፡ምዕዳሩ
mən-ʿäd-täklay-härräsa-kägona-gäʾät-məʿdaru
From ʿÄd-Täklay he dashed and at our nizz he retired.
translated into German Enno Littmann, editor (1913), Publications of the Princeton Expedition to Abyssinia. Volume IV: Lieder der Tigrē-Stämme: Deutsche Übersetzung und Commentar. (in Tigre), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 17

1913, Enno Littmann, editor, Publications of the Princeton Expedition to Abyssinia. Volume III: Lieder der Tigrē-Stämme: Tigrē Text., Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 9 Nr. 8 line 1


𑂥𑂰𑂍𑂱𑂩

𑂥𑂰𑂍𑂱𑂩 (bākir)


പക്ഷേ

പക്ഷേ • (pakṣē)


ییٚلہِ

ییٚلہِ • (yeli)


𑂒𑂰𑂯𑂵

From 𑂒𑂰𑂯𑂪 (cāhal), literally "or if you want/would like".


hi, i was wondering if it meant anything if u saw your crush in a dream, i saw james rhodes dryer, my crush, in a dream. i also was on the verge of being kissed by david duchuvney, the x'files guy, speacial agent mulder, and he didnt kiss me 4 some reason. that dream really creeped me out, is the reason he didnt kiss me the reason i cant get a boyfriendż and i love this guy james so much, i keep on dreaming about him and i cany stop, what does that mean, does that mean he is my true 1 and onlyż tell all when u e mail me cause i need 2 know be4 i go insane. jeez, i really, really need 2 know be4 i die of over loving this guy, and i really hope that he likes me, can i have anyway of predicting that without saying something 2 himż, is there way of using anything besides words 2 tell him if i ever get the gutsż if u r courage expert give me some so maybe i can use words. i also want 2 know exactly, no stupid scientific crap, i need 2 know in my language. please help me fast be4 i explode!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

1997 October 11, Hwcogswell, “crushes in dreams”, in alt.dreams (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-14:

So I think can I use one more display card for the Linux. Cos i have a S3 display card which i used this be4 i upgrade my machine 1 month ago. Can i use both card, and set up the X-sever of the S3 display, and ignore the AGP display in Linux.

1999 May 16, Zenith, “can I use 1AGP and 1 PCI display card!”, in alt.os.linux (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-14:

<<>(13) It's Halloween...it's early evening...you're tired from doing Halloween stuff, whatever it is that you do on Halloween...you stop into your local corner store to get a bottle of pop...and you see Conan. Do you go talk to him? What would you say to him?>>
can u go through my trick-or-treating bag be4 i eat any candy? then i'd ask him trick-or-treat

2000 August 22, G-Dawg, “wiggie questions 3: 7 grams of fat”, in alt.fan.conan-obrien (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-14:

Shezam, looks like someone already replaced the pistons and didn't index the rods worth a shit. If this engine was already running like this be4 you tore it down-it is a moot point.

2003 January 12, BACKNCARDR, “Pistons got mixed up”, in rec.autos.tech (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-14:

(Internet slang, leetspeak) Abbreviation of before.


ប្រសិន

km-con

ប្រសិន • (prɑɑsən)


ប្រសិនបើ

ប្រសិនបើ • (prɑɑsən baə)

ប្រសិន (prɑɑsən) + បើ (baə)

com

ប្រសិន (prɑɑsən) + បើ (baə)


ប្រសិនជា

km-con

ប្រសិនជា • (prɑɑsən ciə)

ប្រសិន (prɑɑsən) + ជា (ciə)

com

ប្រសិន (prɑɑsən) + ជា (ciə)


រហូតដល់

km-con

រហូតដល់ • (rɔɔrɔhout dɑl)

យប់មិញខ្ញុំដេករហូតដល់ថ្ងៃរះ

yup mɨñ khñom deek rɔɔrɔhout dɑl thngay rĕəh


ទោះបីជា

ទោះបីជា • (tŭəh bəy ciə)

ទោះបី (tŭəhbəy) + ជា (ciə)

com

ទោះបី (tŭəhbəy) + ជា (ciə)


ក៏ដោយ

km-con

ក៏ដោយ • (kɑɑ daoy)

ឯងទៅមិនទៅក៏ដោយ...

សើចក៏ដោយ យំក៏ដោយ ― saəc kɑɑ daoy · yum kɑɑ daoy ― whether you laugh or cry (it makes no difference).

(who)soever, (what)soever, whether or not, it makes no difference if, even if


甚且

/ʂən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐm²² t͡sʰɛː³⁵/

/sim²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/sim⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵⁵⁴/

/sim²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/sim³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/sim³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiã⁴¹/

/ʂən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐm²² t͡sʰɛː³⁵/

/sim²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/sim⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiã⁵⁵⁴/

/sim²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/sim³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiã⁵³/

/sim³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiã⁴¹/

(literary) even; even if; go so far as to; to the extent that


baldin eta soilik baldin

[bal̪.d̪ĩn e̞.t̪a s̺o̞i̯.lik β̞al̪.d̪ĩn]


กาเลา

From Malay kalau, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “occasion, circumstance, time”) + Arabic لَوْ (law, “if”), or alternatively from Hokkien 假如 (ká-lû, “if”).


എന്നാൽ

head

എന്നാൽ • (ennāl)

Compound of എന്ന് (ennŭ) + -ആൽ (-āl). Cognate with Tamil என்றால் (eṉṟāl).

cog

Tamil என்றால் (eṉṟāl)


ca să

M-am grăbit ca să fie gata la timp.

I've hurried up in order for it to be ready in time.

in order to, to (explaining the aim of an action)


tym niemniej

Borrowed from Russian те́м не ме́нее (tém ne méneje).

bor+

те́м не ме́нее

(idiomatic, proscribed) however, nevertheless, nonetheless


wszelako

(literary) however, nevertheless, nonetheless


กฺีเตอ

head

กฺีเตอ (gite)

Compare Malay gitu, colloquial form of begitu (“like that, so”).


ซาเบะ

ซาเบะ (sabëq)


លោ

if, in case, in the event that, on (the) condition that


giả như

[zaː˧˩ ɲɨ˧˧]

[jaː˧˨ ɲɨ˧˧]

[jaː˨˩˦ ɲɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 假如 (“if; in case; supposing”).


كنه

third-person masculine singular of كنـ (kinn-): as if he, as if it


كإنه

كإنّه (canonical)
kaʔinno (romanization)

Invariable form of كإنـ (kaʔinn-): as if

third-person masculine singular of كإنـ (kaʔinn-): as if he, as if it


كإن

كإنّـ (canonical)
kaʔinn- (romanization)
كإنّـ
كإنّي (first-person singular)
كإنّا (first-person plural)
كإنّك (masculine second-person singular)
كإنّك (feminine second-person singular)
كإنكم (plural second-person)
كإنّه (masculine singular third-person)
كإنها (feminine singular third-person)
كإنهم (plural third-person)

From Arabic كَأَنَّ (kaʔanna). Equivalent to كـ (ka-, “as”) + إنّ (ʔinn-, “that”, conjunction).

af

Invariable form: كإنه (kaʔinno)


ថ្វីបើ

km-con

ថ្វីបើ • (thvəy baə)


ʔaw

East Semitic:

q

homographic to the reflex of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sem-pro">*wa</i>

Akkadian: 𒅇 (u /ū/) (homographic to the reflex of *wa)

Eblaite: [script needed] (a)

West Semitic:

Central Semitic:

Arabic: أَو (ʔaw)

Northwest Semitic:

Aramaic: אוֹ (ʾaw)

Classical Syriac: ܐܘ (ʾaw)

Canaanite:

Hebrew: אוֹ (o, ʾô)

Ugaritic: 𐎜 (ʾō)

Old South Arabian:

Qatabanian: 𐩱𐩥 (ʾw)

Sabaean: 𐩱𐩥 (ʾw)


วะตู

From Malay waktu, from Arabic وَقْت (waqt).


ܐܘ

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaw. Compare Arabic أَو (ʔaw), Hebrew אוֹ ('o).


ܐܘ

aii-conjunction

ܐܲܘ … ܐܲܘ • (aw … aw)

ܐܲܘ … ܐܲܘ (canonical)
aw … aw (romanization)

ܗܲܒ݂ ܠܝܼ ܐܲܘ ܚܲܒܘܼܫܵܐ ܐܲܘ ܚܘܿܚܵܐ

haḇ lī aw ḥabūšā aw ḥōḥā


กฺีนี

Compare Malay gini, colloquial form of begini (“like that, so”).


กะกฺีเตอ

กะ (“to, if”) + กฺีเตอ (“so”)

com

กะ (“to, if”) + กฺีเตอ (“so”)


បើសិនជា

km-con

បើសិនជា • (baəsənciə)


cual si

(with imperfect subjunctive) as if; as though


hay là

Hay (là) nó bị tai nạn ?

Hay (là) mày gọi sếp mày xem thế nào ?

How about you call your boss, maybe he could help?

represents an alternative theory, option or solution in an interrogative form


щоби

head

щоби • (ščoby)


abiet

From the Middle English expression al be it (that), itself shortened from althagh it be that (“although it be that”).


kpo

Ùn kplɔ́n Gungbè kpó Anagógbè kpó

Òtɔ́ lɔ́ lɛ́ kpó òví yétɔ̀n kpó


ทั้งนี้

/tʰaŋ˦˥.niː˦˥/


inūma

Possibly from 𒄿𒈾 (ina, “in”) + 𒌓 (ūmum, “day”) + 𒈠 (ma, coordinating conjunction), literally “and in the day”.


nhược bằng

[ɲɨək̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[ɲɨək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[ɲɨək̚˨˩˨ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 若 (“if; supposing”) and 憑 (“on the basis of”).


bất nhược

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ ɲɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ ɲɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ ɲɨək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不若, composed of 不 (“not”) and 若 (“like; supposing; if”).

(archaic, rare) not equal to; not as good as; would rather

(archaic, rare) it's better to; it's preferable to


ایسه

head

ایسه • (ise)

Turkish: ise

From Proto-Turkic *er-ser, from *er- (“to be”), whence also Ottoman Turkish ایمك (imek, “to be”).


കൂടാതെ

കൂടാതെ • (kūṭāte)


خواہ

ur-con

خواہ • (xāh, xvāh) (Hindi spelling ख़्वाह)

xāh (romanization)
xvāh (romanization)
ख़्वाह (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian خواه (xʷāh).

bor+

خواہ کچھ بھی ہو جائے

No matter what happens (lit. Even if anything happens)

خواہ یہ ہو یا نا ہو


چاہے

From second person singular aorist inflection of چاہنا (cāhnā, “to want, to desire, ought to”).

چاہے برف پڑ رہی ہو تمہیں آنا ہی ہوگا

You will have to come even if it's snowing.

چاہے وہ کراچی چلا جائے چاہے یہاں پر ہی رہے بس ملک چھوڑ کر نا جائے

Whether he goes to Karachi or stays here, just let him not leave the country

cāhe vo karācī calā jā'e cāhe yahā̃ par hī rahe bas mulk choṛ kar nā jā'e


embè

Embè... andiamo o no?

(colloquial) so (followed by a question and used to urge to answer)


കൂടെ

head

കൂടെ • (kūṭe)

Cognate with Kannada ಕೂಡ (kūḍa), Tamil கூட (kūṭa), Telugu కూడా (kūḍā).


wilst

From Old Frisian [Term?]. Cognates include West Frisian wylst. Compare also English whilst.

Wilst hie noch deeruur ättertoachte, ferskeen him n Ängel fon dän Here in n Droom un kwaad: Josef, Súun fon David, freze die nit, Maria as dien Wieuw bie die aptouníemen;

2000, Marron C. Fort, transl., Dät Näie Tästamänt un do Psoolme in ju aasterlauwerfräiske Uurtoal fon dät Seelterlound, Fräislound, Butjoarlound, Aastfräislound un do Groninger Umelounde [The New Testament and the Psalms in the East Frisian language, native to Saterland, Friesland, Butjadingen, East Frisia and the Ommelanden of Groningen], →ISBN, Dät Evangelium ätter Matthäus 1:20:

While he was still thinking about it, came to him an angel from the Lord in a dream and said: Joseph, son of David, don't be afraid to take Maria as your wife;


ഒപ്പം

ഒപ്പം • (oppaṁ)

Derived from Proto-Dravidian *o- (“to be united”).


'less

"Last two weeks I only got half bottles; pretty terrible she's been about it. There ain't any living with her 'less she gets her gin."

1938, Norman Lindsay, chapter XVIII, in Age of Consent, London: T[homas] Werner Laurie […], →OCLC, page 179:


ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ

head

ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ (mergi) (ngoko ꦩꦂꦒ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ, krama ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ)

mergi (romanization)
ꦩꦂꦒ ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ (informal)
ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ (krama)

From Old Javanese mārga (“road, path”), from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “way, road, route, path”).


ꦩꦼꦂꦒ

head

ꦩꦼꦂꦒ (merga) (ngoko ꦩꦂꦒ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ, krama ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ)

merga (romanization)
ꦩꦂꦒ ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ (informal)
ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ (krama)


ꦩꦂꦒ

ꦩꦂꦒ (marga) (ngoko ꦩꦂꦒ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ, krama ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ)

marga (romanization)
ꦩꦂꦒ ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ (informal)
ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ (krama)

From Old Javanese mārga (“road, path”), from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “way, road, route, path”). Cognate of Balinese ᬫᬃᬕ (marga, “road”).


അല്ലെങ്കിൽ

അല്ലെങ്കിൽ • (alleṅkil)


അഥവാ

/ɐt̪(ʰ)ɐʋaː/


endera

From en (“one”) + -dera, from Old Swedish þēra (“their”), genitive plural of þæn (“it”). Compare modern Swedish deras (“their”) and Icelandic þeirra (“their”).

endera ... eller ...


kapagka

Kapagka dumating na, sasama ako.

If it arrives already, I will come with.


pagka

Pagka nandyan na sila, sasama ako.

If they are there already, I will come with.


gayunman

gayunmán (canonical)
ᜄᜌᜓᜈ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


кајшо

кајшо • (kajšo)

каде што
каде што#Macedonian

Nonstandard form of каде што (kade što).


хем … хем …

хем … хем … • (hem … hem …)

Хем боли́, хем сърби́.

Хем така́, хем онака́.

Хем скъп, хем нека́чествен.

[In the same time] being expensive and of low quality.

По то́зи на́чин хем ще свърши́м зада́чата по-бъ́рзо, хем ще спести́м пари́.

In this manner, [we] shall both complete the task faster and save [some] money.

Po tózi náčin hem šte svǎrším zadáčata po-bǎ́rzo, hem šte spestím parí.

Used for emphasized conjunctive enumeration.: both … and


þy læs

Middle English: les te (from late variant þȳ lǣs þe)

English: lest

Þū sċealt dōn þætte þū meaht, þȳ lǣs þē hit lator hrēowe.

You have to do what you can, so you don't regret it later.

Spara ūs, Dryhten, spara þīnum folce, and ne sele þīn ierfe þām hǣðenum, þȳ lǣs hīe cweðen “Hwǣr is þāra cristenena god?”

Spare us, Lord, spare your people, and don't give your inheritance to the pagans! Don't let them say, “Where is the god of the Christians?”


datau

(informal, rare) a conjunction word for inclusive or, formally dan/atau.


dan/atau

(formal, law) a conjunction word for inclusive or.


de parcă

Deși e bogat, trăiește de parcă nu ar avea niciun ban.

Even though he’s rich, he lives as though he didn’t have a penny.

Ascult prelegerea, de parcă aș înțelege ceva.

I’m listening to the lecture, as if I understand anything.


kay sa

Mas magayon ako kay sa saimo.


を通して

を通して (canonical)
o tōshite (romanization)


na þæt

c. 994, Ælfric, "Letter to Wulfsige"
Presbyter is mæsseprēost oþþe ealdwita. Nā þæt ǣlċ eald sīe, ac þæt hē eald sīe on wīsdōme.

A presbyter is a priest or an elder. Not that they're all old, but they're old in wisdom.


しっかし

(informal, emphatic) Alternative form of しかし (shikashi)


alboż

Polish: alboż

From albo + -ż. First attested in the 14th century.

Aza na weky gnewacz se bødzesz nam? albosz rozczøgnesz gnew twoy (aut extendes iram tuam) od pocolena w pocolene?

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 84, 5:

Aza spowadacz se bødze tobe proch, albosz ziawy prawdø twoiø (numquid confitebitur... aut annuntiabit)?

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 29, 12:

Czemu Pilat nie doczekał odpowiedzenia..., co by prawda była. Pirwe przeto, bo to pytanie potrzebowało ku naprawieniu dobrego czasu...; alboż tak możem rzec, iże tego dla bog tego nie przepuścił, ... bo nieprzyjaciel prawdy nie był dostojen słyszeć

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 787:

Alboz, podlug svyątego Avgustyna, czemv by szye svadzyly, to yest nam na znamye

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 557:

Alboz takoz, yze snadz dom Cayphaszov byl vyelyky, yze mogl krola schovacz

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 704:

Albosz dobrze yemv by bylo, by szye byl nye narodzyl, podlug pospolney przemovy: lyepyey by nye bycz, nyzlyby slye bycz

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 547:

Zzali martwim bødzesz czinicz dziwi, albosz lekarze wzkrzeszø?

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 87, 11:

Albosz yest yedno slovo, ktore yest rzekl svyąthy Llucasz zydowszky deutroprokoran, a ny laczynsky vtore pyrwe secundo primo

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 324:

(emphatic, attested in Lesser Poland) or


alboż

Inherited from Old Polish alboż. By surface analysis, albo + -ż.


بعدما

ar-con

بَعْدَمَا • (baʕdamā)

بَعْدَمَا (canonical)
baʕdamā (romanization)

بَعْدَ (baʕda) + مَا (mā)

affix

بَعْدَ (baʕda) + مَا (mā)


как бы

ru-adv

ка́к бы • (kák by)

ка́к бы (canonical)
kák by (romanization)

Я чу́вствовал себя́ обма́нутым, как бы обкра́денным.

1929, Aleksandr Kuprin, The Wheel of Time:

Ja čúvstvoval sebjá obmánutym, kak by obkrádennym.

Не зна́ю, как бы я справля́лась без него́.

I don't know how I would cope without him.

Ne znáju, kak by ja spravljálasʹ bez nevó.

Не так мно́го, как бы хоте́лось.


ၵေႃႈယႃႇ

head

ၵေႃႈယႃႇ • (kāu yàa)

/kɔː˧˧˨.jaː˩/


הואיל

he-con

הוֹאִיל • (ho'íl)

הוֹאִיל (canonical)
ho'íl (romanization)


例によって

例によって (canonical)
rei ni yotte (romanization)


ehþau

Old English: eþþa

Old Saxon: ettha, ettho

Old Norse: eða

Icelandic: eða

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 (aiþþau)

Compound of *eh (“but, except”) + *þau, the former being the only Germanic evidence of Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs, *h₁eḱ(s). While the Germanic form could theoretically also represent *eþ-þau, the form *eh-þau is required by the Gothic reflex, where expected *𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 (*iþþau) is instead 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 (aiþþau), which shows the first consonant must have originally been -𐌷- (-h-), -𐍈- (-ƕ-) or -𐍂- (-r-); and further shows the Proto-Germanic form itself had not yet become *eþþau as it did in the daughter languages. For the semantics, compare Proto-Celtic *extos (“except, but”), Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós, “without, outside; except”).


نَتہٕ

head

نَتہٕ • (natụ)

ژٕ یہِ یور نَتہٕ یِمَے بہٕ اوٗرؠ


ਅਗਰ

Borrowed from Classical Persian اگر (agar).


(Medieval Latin) Scribal abbreviation of etiam.


kīma

Compare Arabic كَمَا (kamā, “like”) and Biblical Hebrew כְּמוֹ (kəmó, “like”).

𒆠𒈠 𒁾𒁉 𒀭𒉌𒄠 𒋫𒄠𒈠𒊒
[kīma ṭuppī anniam tammaru]
ki-ma DUB-pi₂ an-ni-am ta-am-ma-ru
as soon as you read this tablet of mine

𒆠𒈠 𒀀𒈾 𒌷 𒋫𒀜𒋫𒍝𒀭𒉌 𒎙𒌓𒎌 𒆷 𒄿𒅋𒇷𒆪
[kīma ana ālim tattaṣanni ešrā ūmū la illiku]
ki-ma a-na URU ta-at-ta-ṣa-an-ni 20 UD.MEŠ la i-il-li-ku
not twenty days have passed since you left for the City

𒆠𒈠 𒈾𒁉𒅖𒋾 𒌦 𒀀𒊮 𒌑𒌌 𒋾𒁲
[kīma napišti mātim eqlum-ma ul tīdê]
ki-ma na-pi₂-iš-ti KALAM A.ŠA₃ u₂-ul ti-de
Do you not know that land is the life of the country?

𒆠𒈠 𒋾𒁺𒌑 [kīma tīdû]

𒆠𒈠 𒊭𒀜𒊒 𒈬𒍑𒅆𒅋 [kīma šaṭru muššil]

(comparative) as, according to, in the manner of


ၵွႆးၵႃႈ

ၵွႆးၵႃႈ • (káui kāa)


ၵူၺ်းၵႃႈ

ၵူၺ်းၵႃႈ • (kói kāa)


𒋗𒃻𒌉𒇲𒁉

Possibly from 𒋗𒃻𒌉𒇲 (tukun, “immediately”) + 𒁉 (be₂ /be/, “its”) + 𒂊 (e, directive case marker).

compound

𒋗𒃻𒌉𒇲𒁉 𒇽𒅇 𒊕 𒄑 𒉈𒅔𒊏 𒇽𒁉 𒉌𒄤𒂊

If a man committed murder, that man will be executed.

tukum-bi lu₂-u₃ sag̃ g̃eš bi₂-in-raḫ lu₂-bi i₃-gaz-e


𒋗𒃻𒌉𒇲

tukum (romanization)
tukun (romanization)


fo bíthin

[ɸoˈβʲiːθʲinʲ]

fo bíthin ara·chíurat


一則……一則……

ㄧ ㄗㄜˊ ... ㄧ ㄗㄜˊ ...

yīzé ... yīzé ... [Phonetic:yìzé ... yìzé ...]

ицзэ ... ицзэ ...

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵ jɐt̚⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵ jɐt̚⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

on the one hand, ... on the other hand ...


यर्हि

head

यर्हि • (yárhi)

Marathi: जर (jar)

From यद् (yad, “who, which”); compare तर्हि (tarhi) for the suffix.


sentää

Akin to Finnish sentään (“nevertheless”).

Iƶorat elläät Leningradan oblastin eri paikois, eri raijonois ja sentää iƶoran keeli senen mukkaa jakahuu eri dialektoihe, eri alakeelii.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:

Ingrians live in varous places of the Leningrad Oblast, various raions, and therefore, because of this, the Ingrian language is divided into various dialects, various lesser languages.


at saka

[ʔɐt̪ sɐˈxaʔ]


ਜੇਕਰ

pa-con

ਜੇਕਰ • (jekar) (Shahmukhi spelling جیکر)

Inherited from Old Punjabi ਜੇਕਰਿ (jekari).


別說是

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


別說

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

(regional) used at the beginning of a sentence to express approval of the following utterance


dment

Borrowed from Sicilian [Term?], from Late Latin dum interim.


amaa

From Hausa àmmā, from Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā). Compare Yoruba àmọ́.


يا … يا

head

يا … يا • (yā … yā)

From Persian یا ... یا (yâ, “either ... or”), from یا (yâ, “or”).

بالثنوي لازم تختار يا علمي يا ادبي

In secondary (school) you have to choose either Sciences or Arts

b-iθ-θanawi lāzim tixtār yā ʿilmi yā adabi

either … or (can be used for more than two things by repeating the يا part)


ki sa

Mas magayon ako ki sa saimo.


cand'

Cand’eri
giobanedda mi pugnì
cument’e mura mura.

1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Femmina [Woman]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 21:

When you were young, you used to prickle me like a blackberry

Apocopic form of candu, found before vowel sounds


odnako

[ˈo̞dnəkŏ̞̥]

[ˈo̞d̥nɑɡ̊o̞]

Odnako mänimmä heijen jäles.

1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:


amɔ

Possibly from Yoruba àmọ́, from Hausa àmmā, from Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā). Compare Fon amɔ̆, Yoruba àmọ́


ものかは

1940, “加藤隼戦闘隊”:

寒風酷暑ものかはと 艱難辛苦打ち耐えて

kanpū kokusho mono ka wa to kannan shinku uchitaete

(literary, usually […]はものかは, […]もものかは) nothing; not of regard


-larik

From -la (“that, while”) + -(r)ik (partitive suffix).


bait-

Gose gara, ez baitugu janaririk.

We're hungry because we don't have any food.


קואנדו

lad-conj

קואנדו (Hebrew spelling, Latin spelling kuando)


såvitt

så (“so”) + vitt (“widely”). Compare German soweit.

(usually in negated constructions) provided that


azali

Polish: azali

Univerbation of aza + li. First attested in the 14th century.

Pytham na prawye, azaly my nye mamy... thego gymyenya dzyerzecz

1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 51:

(attested in Greater Poland) if, whether

Panno Maria, prosy syna th[w]ego..., azali wsdrowi nedostatky czala mogego

1881-1890 [15th century], Wojciech Kętrzyński, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Ossolińskich, number 372, Kopyłów:

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Azaly donec (factique sunt termini Chanaan venientibus a Sidone Geraram usque Gazam, donec ingrediaris Sodomam et Gomorram Gen 10, 19)

1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 9:


अन्यत्र

From अन्य (anya) + -त्र (-tra), a suffix also found in कुत्र (kutra), अत्र (atra), तत्र (tatra), and यत्र (yatra).


як тільки

head

як ті́льки • (jak tílʹky)

як ті́льки (canonical)
jak tílʹky (romanization)


щойно

що́йно • (ščójno)

що́йно (canonical)
ščójno (romanization)

[ˈʃt͡ʃɔi̯nɔ]


dẹ

A sọ̀rọ̀, a dẹ̀ ti jẹrun nẹ́ẹ̀


-qꝫ

(Medieval Latin) Scribal abbreviation of -que.


qᵃ̄

(Medieval Latin) Scribal abbreviation of quam.


n̄qꝫ

(Medieval Latin) Scribal abbreviation of namque.


alors même que

Les systèmes d’interprétation simultanée permettent de fournir à de nombreuses personnes un discours dans leur langue alors même que l’orateur le prononce dans une autre langue.

Plusieurs villes allemandes obtinrent les privilèges de l’Année sainte, comme étaient nommées les indulgences. L’Année sainte de 1400 causa à nouveau un fort afflux de pèlerins à Rome, notamment de France, alors même qu’il y régnait une épidémie de peste désastreuse.

Toutefois même le cas de la bohème artiste, littéraire, est complexe, car en fait les deux mondes de la bohème ne sont pas étanches l’un à l’autre : alors même qu’elle semble le plus éloignée de l’action et de la mobilisation politique […]

2010, Pascal Brissette, Anthony Glinoer, Bohème sans frontière:


kédar

Ar is éltor kédar ich.


takatak

Univerbation of tak + a + tak. Calque of German sowieso. Compare tak czy siak.


𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴

𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴 • (jaþþē)

𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌴 𐌱𐌹 𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌿, 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌲-𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃; 𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍂𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍉, 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍃.

Whether any do enquire of Titus, he is my partner and fellowhelper concerning you: or our brethren be enquired of, they are the messengers of the churches, and the glory of Christ. (KJV)

jah þē bi teitu, saei ist gaman mein jag-gawaurstwa in izwis; jaþþē brōþrjus unsarai apaustauleis aikklēsjōnō, wulþaus xristaus.

𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌿𐌺 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌿 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌼, 𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴 𐌾𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍉𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌴 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌿𐌼.

For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit. (KJV)

jah auk in ainamma ahmin weis allai du ainamma leika daupidai sium, jaþþē judaieis jaþþē þiudōs, jaþþē skalkōs jaþþē frijai, jah allai ainamma ahmin dragkidai sijum.


ambìa

Ich khimme net kor Baan hòite, ambìa ich pin dorléghet.

I didn't come to Roana today because I am very tired.

Ich isse net ambìa ich han khòan hungar.


mezitímco

mezitímco připravovala večeři, díval se na televizi.

While she was preparing dinner, he was watching TV.


यावत्

यावत् • (yā́vat)

→ Malayalam: യാവൽ (yāval)

From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂wot. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕως (héōs).


jadà

Jadà de pist hia, limm dis.


потому как

потому́ как • (potomú kak)

потому́ как (canonical)
potomú kak (romanization)

Я не зна́ю, потому́ как её здесь нет.


endgwen

wgii-ggwejmigoon niw mshkikiiwninwan endgwen gaa-waabmaagwen niw shkinwen

2001, Randolph Valentine, quoting Andrew Medler, Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar, page 142:

The doctor asked her whether she had seen the young man


vaiku

Vaiku tulet, dai ozutan.

2019, Tatjana Boiko, Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2rd edition, →ISBN, page 312:

Minä lähten iäre, vaiku en nygöi.

2018, Tatjana Boiko, Lʹudmila Markianova, Suuri Venʹa-Karjalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Russian-Karelian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 3rd edition, →ISBN, page 349:


係都

/hɐi̯²² tou̯⁵⁵/

/hɐi̯²² tou̯⁵⁵/

係都話冇錯

系都话冇错

係都要噉做

系都要噉做


-𐔰𐕎𐔰𐕄𐔴-

𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸- (nut-, negator prefix) + -𐔰𐕎𐔰𐕄𐔴- (-anaḳe-) → 𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸𐔰𐕎𐔰𐕄𐔴 (nutanaḳe, “that not; because not; because there is not”)


өскө

өскө • (öskö)

Most Turkic languages use a term derived from Persian اگر (“if”).


要唔係

/jiːu̯³³ m̩²¹ hɐi̯²²/

/jiːu̯³³ m̩²¹ hɐi̯²²/


kuantunke

From Italian quantunque, either from Latin quantuscumque (“however much”), or from a contraction of the locution quantum umquam (literally “how much ever”).


cho dù

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ zu˨˩]

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ jʊw˦˩]

[cɔ˧˧ jʊw˨˩]

Con người ở thành phố cho dù điều kiện sống hiện đại, sang trọng mà thiếu vắng đi mầu xanh của cây cảnh, tiếng hót của vài con chim nhỏ.

Human beings in cities, although living conditions are modern and luxurious, lack the green of plants and the singing of small birds.


với lại

[vəːj˧˦ laːj˧˨ʔ]

[vəːj˨˩˦ laːj˨˩ʔ]

[vəːj˦˥ laːj˨˩˨]

[jəːj˦˥ laːj˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-với lại.wav


emporiso

From en + por + iso, "in spite of this".


טאָמער

טאָמער • (tomer)

From Mishnaic Hebrew תֹּאמַר (tomár, literally “you (may/will) say”).

bor

און וואָס איז טאָמער ער זאָגט ניין?


といった

to itta (romanization)
to ituta (romanization)
といつた (hiragana historical)

「○○」「××」といった意味を持つ言葉


再也不

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯³³ jaː¹³ pɐt̚⁵/

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯³³ jaː¹³ pɐt̚⁵/


sosehr

Ich schaffte es nicht, sosehr ich mich bemühte.

I couldn't make it no matter how hard I tried.

Nunmehr konnte mich der Hanswurst, sosehr er mit seinen Absätzen klapperte, nicht unterhalten.

1796, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, chapter 4, in Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre [Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship], volume 1; republished as Thomas Carlyle, transl., 1824:

Henceforth, Jack-pudding, however he might clatter with his heels, could not any longer entertain me.


ในขณะที่

th-con

ในขณะที่ • (nai-kà-nà-tîi)

ใน (nai, “during”) + ขณะ (kà-nà, “moment”) + ที่ (tîi, “at the”).


kuigi

Me ei saanud selget vastust, kuigi küsisime.

We didn't get a clear answer even though we asked.


猶毋過

犹毋过
抑毋擱
猶不過
抑不過

/iau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻¹¹ koʔ³²/

/iau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤʔ³²/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/

/a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/

/ia⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/

/iau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻¹¹ koʔ³²/

/iau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤʔ³²/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/

/ia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/a(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/

/a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/

/ia⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻²¹ kɤ²¹/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ m̩³³⁻¹¹ ko¹¹/


ܣܒܒ

aii-conjunction

ܣܵܒܵܒ • (sābāb)

From Arabic سَبَب (sabab, “cause, reason”).

ܠܵܐ ܐ݇ܙܝܼܠ ܠܝܼ، ܣܵܒܵܒ ܡܪܝܼܥܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ.


однак

head

одна́к • (odnák)

Cognate with Russian одна́ко (odnáko), Belarusian адна́к (adnák), Polish jednak.


suivant que

according as, depending on whether, according to whether


ausonthiin von

Alle de puuben machent in zòllanar, ausonthiin von den ba zeint kòttot.

All young people do mandatory military service, except for those who are physically handicapped.


percosa

(Alghero) Alternative form of perquè
because

(Alghero) Alternative form of perquè
so that (followed by the subjunctive)


dopóty

(literary) until, till (used in conjunction with dopóki)


póty

(literary) until, till (used in conjunction with póki)


任由

/ʐən⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/jɐm²² jɐu̯²¹/

/d͡zim³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/jɐm²² jɐu̯²¹/

/d͡zim³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

no matter (what, how, etc.); regardless of; whether


しこうして

ja-pos

しこうして • (shikōshite) ^(←しかうして (sikausite)?)

shikōshite (romanization)
sikausite (romanization)
しかうして (hiragana historical)


ifall

Ta med regnkläder ifall det börjar regna

Bring rainwear in case it starts to rain

Ifall det börjar regna så åker vi hem

If/In case it starts to rain, we'll go home

om

when replaceable by 'if' in English, like in the second example

Jag vet inte ifall han tog med ölen

I don't know whether he brought the beer


搭仔

/taʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/taʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/


脫仔

/tʰuat̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/tʰuat̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/tʰəʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/tʰuat̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/tʰuat̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/tʰəʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/


upang

From upa + -ng, the root of which is from Sanskrit उप (upa).

Tumakbo ako upang makaabot sa kanila.


m-ḏr

Coptic: ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- (n̄te-)

m (“in”) + ḏr (“limit, since, because”).

(Late Egyptian) makes a subjunctive-prospective sḏm.f construction serve as a dependent temporal clause

as, when, at the time of, upon (some occurrence)


與及

/jyː¹³ kʰɐp̚²/

/jyː¹³ kʰɐp̚²/

Compound of 與／与 (“and”) + 及 (“and”), or reanalysis of 以及 (ji⁵ kap⁶, “as well as; along with; and”) (Chang, 1989).

1828, 招子庸 [Chîû Tsz-yung], “唔好死 [Error in death]”, in 《粵謳》 [Cantonese Love-Songs], 西關澄天閣, page 2:

Passion and faith, these two, a thousand aeons rarely see them consummate. / The proof is not far: / Ye see it in that which the 'Red Chamber Dream' tells of Sister Tertia and of Lau Söng-lin. [translation by Cecil Clementi]

cing⁴ ji⁶ loeng⁵ cyun⁴ cin¹ gu² hon² gin³ m⁴ zoi⁶ gei² jyun⁵ nei⁵ tai² hung⁴ lau⁴ mung⁶ soeng⁶ saam¹ ze² jyu⁵ kap⁶ lau⁵ soeng¹ lin⁴

情𮊫兩全千古䍐見唔在𭙌逺你睇紅樓夢上三姊𫤰及栁湘蓮

情义两全千古罕见唔在几远你睇红楼梦上三姊与及柳湘莲

1863, Charles Finney Preston, 《耶穌言行撮要俗話》 [Important Selections from the Life of Christ], Guangzhou: 雙門底福音堂, Luke 7:11:

And it came to pass the day after, that he went into a city called Nain; and many of his disciples went with him, and much people.

ming⁴ jat⁶, je⁴ sou¹ jap⁶ heoi³ jat¹ jap¹, ming⁴ giu³ zou⁶ naa⁴ jan¹, mun⁴ tou⁴ jyu⁵ kap⁶ sing⁴ kwan⁴ jan⁴ tung⁴ hang⁴

明日、耶穌入去一邑、名叫做拿因、門徒與及成羣人同行

明日、耶稣入去一邑、名叫做拿因、门徒与及成羣人同行

1906, 《新約全書·廣東話》 [Canton Colloquial New Testament], British and Foreign Bible Society, 馬太福音 [Matthew] 23:13:

But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.

nei⁵ dei⁶ ngai⁶ sin⁶ ge³ duk⁶ syu¹ jan⁴, jyu⁵ kap⁶ faat³ lei⁶ coi³ jan⁴ jau⁵ wo⁶ lo³, jan¹ wai⁶ nei⁵ hai² jan⁴ dei⁶ min⁶ cin⁴, bai³ maai⁴ tin¹ gwok³, nei⁵ zi⁶ gei² m⁴ jap⁶, go³ di¹ zoeng¹ gan⁶ jap⁶ ge³, nei⁵ dou¹ m⁴ bei² keoi⁵ jap⁶ aa³.

你哋僞善嘅讀書人、與及𠵽唎㘔人有禍咯、因爲你喺人哋面前、閉埋天國、你自己唔入、個的將近入嘅、你都唔俾佢入呀。

你哋伪善嘅读书人、与及𠵽唎𫬐人有祸咯、因为你喺人哋面前、闭埋天国、你自己唔入、个的将近入嘅、你都唔俾佢入呀。

2004, “世上只有 [Only You in the World]”, 黃偉文 [Wyman Wong] (lyrics), 陳光榮 [Punk Chan] (music)performed by 容祖兒 [Joey Yung]:

thank you for your care and selfless love

ze⁶ ze⁶ nei⁵ dik¹ gwaan¹ gu³, jyu⁵ kap⁶ mou⁴ soeng⁴ dik¹ oi³ wu⁶

謝謝你的關顧 與及無償的愛護

谢谢你的关顾 与及无偿的爱护

2013, 郭鴻標 [Benedict H. Kwok], 《生命師傅：神學教育與生命建立》, Hong Kong: 建道神學院, →ISBN, pages 94–95:

So, through God's work in nature, human history and culture, we can teach people to know God as the Lord of the universe, the Lord of history and the Lord of life.

so² ji⁵, ngo⁵ mun⁴ ho² ji⁵ tau³ gwo³ soeng⁶ dai³ zoi⁶ daai⁶ zi⁶ jin⁴, jan⁴ leoi⁶ lik⁶ si² jyu⁵ kap⁶ man⁴ faa³ dik¹ gung¹ zok³ gaau³ dou⁶ jan⁴ jing⁶ sik¹ soeng⁶ dai³ si⁶ jyu⁵ zau⁶ dik¹ zyu², lik⁶ si² dik¹ zyu² jyu⁵ kap⁶ sang¹ ming⁶ dik¹ zyu².

所以，我們可以透過上帝在大自然、人類歷史與及文化的工作教導人認識上帝是宇宙的主、歷史的主與及生命的主。

所以，我们可以透过上帝在大自然、人类历史与及文化的工作教导人认识上帝是宇宙的主、历史的主与及生命的主。

2021, “時候不早 [About Time]”, 鄭敏 [Cheng Man], 馬敬恆 [T-Ma] (lyrics), 張天賦 [MC], GooChan, and 馬敬恆 [T-Ma] (music)performed by 張天賦 [MC]:

hold on tight to the feeling and warmth of this second

pou⁵ gan² ze² miu⁵ gam² gok³ jyu⁵ kap⁶ wan¹ dou⁶

抱緊這秒感覺與及溫度

抱紧这秒感觉与及温度

(Cantonese, formal, sometimes proscribed) and


ато

тудлан тидым ит ойло, ато ок тол

don't tell him/her this, otherwise (s)he will not come


адже

head

адже́ • (adžé)

From а (a) + от (ot) + же (že). Compare отже (otže).


dokad

(dated or dialectal) Alternative form of dokud


につれて

ja-pos

につれて • (ni tsurete) ^(←につれて (niturete)?)

ni tsurete (romanization)
niturete (romanization)
につれて (hiragana historical)


雖も

雖も (canonical)
iedomo (romanization)
ifedomo (romanization)
いへども (hiragana historical)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Edo period
Heian period
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Kōjien
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

From Old Japanese. Attested since at least the Man'yōshū of 759.
Analyzable as 仮定形(かていけい) (kateikei)/已然形(いぜんけい) (izenkei) of verb 言(い)う (iu, to say) + inflectional suffix ど (do, indicating contrasting conjunction) + particle も (mo).
The kanji spelling is from Middle Chinese via kanbun.
Up through the Heian period, the reading ifu to mo was used specifically for hypothetical statements, while the iedo mo reading was used specifically for conditional statements. Over time, this distinction eroded, and by the Edo period, the iedo mo reading was used for both cases.

(literary) even though; despite; notwithstanding


雖も

雖も (canonical)
iutomo (romanization)
ifutomo (romanization)
いふとも (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. Attested since at least the Man'yōshū of 759.
Analyzable as verb 言(い)う (iu, “to say”) + particle と (to) + particle も (mo).
Up through the Heian period, the reading ifu to mo was used specifically for hypothetical statements, while the iedo mo reading was used specifically for conditional statements. Over time, this distinction eroded, and by the Edo period, the iedo mo reading was used for both cases.

(literary, archaic, possibly obsolete) even though; despite; notwithstanding


އާއި

From Sanskrit सह (saha). Cognate to Sinhalese හා (hā, “with”)


兼且

/kiːm⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː³⁵/

/kiːm⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː³⁵/


wherof

What is that wrong, wherof you both complain / Firſt let me know, and then Ile anſwer you.

1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 110:

Seventhly, The Canon Law and Divines consent, that if either party be found contriving against anothers life, they may be sever’d by divorce; for a sin against the life of mariage is greater then a sin against the bed: the one destroyes, the other defiles: The same may be said touching those persons who being of a pensive nature and cours of life, have sum’d up all their solace in that free and lightsome conversation which God and man intends in marriage: wherof when they see themselves depriv’d by meeting an unsociable consort, they oft-times resent one anothers mistake so deeply, that long it is not ere griefe end one of them.

1643, John Milton, Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce:

There is a riuer, the streames wherof shall make glad the citie of God: the holy place of the Tabernacles of the most High.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 46:4:


އެކަމަކު

head

އެކަމަކު • (ekamaku)


ca non

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see ca, non.

Eu son máis rápida ca non ti

os catiuos mays querem a morte ca nõ a vida que an

c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 105:

prisoners rather prefer death than the life they have

et começou a batalla outra uez muy de rrigio, mays ca non antes

c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 510:

and the battle began again very toughly, more than before


賴以

/laɪ̯⁵¹ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːi̯²² jiː¹³/

/laɪ̯⁵¹ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːi̯²² jiː¹³/

an environment that one relies on to learn

賴以學習的環境

赖以学习的环境


-𐔰𐕎𐕄𐔴

Udi: -йнакӏ (-jnaḳ)


ummandinoy

[ʔʊmːʌnˈdɪnɔj]


விட

ta-con

விட • (viṭa)


-kue

From Proto-Celtic *-kʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe.

eni Orosei Ekuoisui-kue
In Orosis and Equeiso


dônca

Donca aví da savé che un dé a Bulogna andè in butega da un barbir, zett zett, cun una cherta ch'a i' aveva scrett

1920, Olindo Guerrini, edited by Zanichelli, Sonetti romagnoli, published 1967:

And so you have to know that on day I went to a barber's shop, quietly, with a paper that I've written


sebagaimana

as (in the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that)


seolah-olah

From se- + olah with reduplication at the base word.


此以

/t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


ku vaa

Literally: "Only as". Compare Russian как только (kak tolʹko).

Peltoilt jo leipä ono korjattu, se korjattii ku vaa päis valmistuivat jyvät.

1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. J. Molotsova, Loonnontiito oppikirja alkușkoulua vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:

Bread is already collected from the fields, it was collected as soon as the corns ripened in their ears.

Sentää geminattoja ei oo rankka kirjuttaa; ku vaa tarkkaa kuulet ja kuuntelet.

1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 14:

Therefore it's not difficult to write geminates; as long as you hear and listen accurately.

Turhaa, etti ono Tuuzikka, a ku vaa, siä ravvattaisit hänen.

1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 13:

It's a shame, that it's Tuuzikka, and if anything, you would horseshoe him.


語畢

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/


不……不……

ㄅㄨˋ ... ㄅㄨˋ ...

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/


ალა

ala (romanization)
Arkabi (romanization)


ამა

ama (romanization)
Artasheni (romanization)
Vitse (romanization)
Khopa (romanization)

From Ottoman Turkish اما (ammâ), from Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā).


不……而……

/pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

indicates that a result occurs without a condition or cause


ქი

From Ottoman Turkish كه, from Classical Persian که.

კოჩიქ ოკო გჲარი ჭკომუ ქი აწი იშიბლოქუფს

The man ate so much that he is now burping

ǩoçik oǩo gyari ç̌ǩomu ki aǯi işiblokups


如咪

/jyː³⁵ mɐi̯²²/

/juː³⁵ mɐi̯²²/

/jyː³⁵ mɐi̯²²/

/juː³⁵ mɐi̯²²/

Contraction of 如果唔係／如果唔系 (jyu4 gwo2 m4 hai6).

contraction

(Hong Kong Cantonese, rare) otherwise; if not


ၵွပ်ႈၼၼ်ႉ

head

ၵွပ်ႈၼၼ်ႉ • (kāup nâ̰n)

/kɔp̚˧˧˨.nan˦˨ˀ/


ၵွပ်ႈၼၼ်

ၵွပ်ႈၼၼ် • (kāup nǎn)


ၵွပ်ႈၼႆ

ၵွပ်ႈၼႆ • (kāup nǎi)


cǫn

From Latin quando. Compare Romanian când, Aromanian cãndu.


arindí

From ar (“because of”) + ind (“the”, dative singular) + í (deictic particle).

compound

Sech nis·n-ærba[r]t[at]ar immurgu, acht is arindí ronda·geinset ho gnimaib.

Although they did not say them, however, but it is because they did them in deeds.

.i. airindí a·treba leiss adrad Martis.

i.e. because he possesses the worship of Mars. [glossing Latin Martius]


fo bíth

head

fo bíth (followed by an independent relative verb)

From fo (“under”) + bíth (obsolete verbal noun of benaid (“to strike”)), literally “under the stroke of”.

compound

obsolete verbal noun of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">benaid</i> (“to strike”)

Absidias .i. circulos .i. fu bíth do·ṅgníat cercol ocond ocbáil.

Name for the depths [?] wherein is the rising up to the constellation. Absidias, i.e. circulos, because they make a circle in the rising.


不特

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚²/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚²/


sebap

An unadapted borrowing from Indonesian sebab, preserving the schwa.


ვანა

ფარა-ჩქუნი ჰაქო გოლულუნ. ვანა გალე მუთუზ ვარ-ღირს

Our money is valid here. Otherwise, it has no value abroad

para-çkuni hako golulun. vana gale mutuz var-ğirs


მარე

მარ მარ#Svan


მორო

Akin to Georgian მარა (mara), Laz მორო (moro), Svan მარ (mar).


the way that

/ðə ˈweɪ ðət/

She liked him the way that he was.

I need to know that you will always be
The same old someone that I knew
What will it take till you believe in me
The way that I believe in you?


ܕ-

ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܐܵܟ݂ܠܹܬ ܕܡܲܣܒܥܸܬ ܠܹܗ ܟܸܦܢܘܼܟ݂.

You have to eat so that you can satsify your hunger.

in order that, for, so that used to indicate purpose


ჩქვა

çkva (romanization)
Chanapeti (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *s₁xwa- (“one; other”). Cognate with Georgian სხვა (sxva), Mingrelian შხვა (šxva) and Svan ეშხუ (ešxu).

inh+

ჰანდღა მჩხომი ოჭოფუშა ბიდით. ჩქვა დიდი მჩხომი ვარმაჭოფეზ. ბოჲნე წუტა მჩხომეფე ქომობიღით.

Today we went fishing, but we didn't get any big fish. We always brought back small fish.

handğa mçxomi oç̌opuşa bidit. çkva didi mçxomi varmaç̌opez. boyne ǯuťa mçxomepe komobiğit.

ალიზ კაი აღოდუ, ჩქვა დიდოთი მოიღუდორტუ

Ali deserved it, because he gone too far


ані

head

ані́ • (aní)

From Proto-Slavic *ani. Compare Polish ani.

Я не почу́ваюся ані́ щасли́вим, ані́ сумни́м.

Ja ne počúvajusja aní ščaslývym, aní sumným.

В Украї́ні нема́є ані́ суспі́льства, яке́ було́ б налашто́ване на капітуля́цію, ані́ вла́ди, яка́ гото́ва таку́ капітуля́цію підписа́ти.

2021 October 2, Vitaly Portnikov, “Війна України з Росією на усіх фронтах. Що відбувається?”, in Радіо Свобода:

In Ukraine, there is neither a society that would be inclined towards surrender, nor an authority that is ready to sign such a surrender.

V Ukrajíni nemáje aní suspílʹstva, jaké buló b nalaštóvane na kapituljáciju, aní vlády, jaká hotóva takú kapituljáciju pidpysáty.


antuṣ

Probably from Proto-Tocharian *entu (whence Tocharian B entwe), from Proto-Indo-European *ím, accusative form of *ís (“he, that”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔνθα (éntha, “there, thereupon”).


entwe

Probably from Proto-Tocharian *entu (whence also Tocharian A antuṣ), from Proto-Indo-European *ím, accusative form of *ís (“he, that”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔνθα (éntha, “there, thereupon”).


widrigenfalls

Der Vertrag enthielt die Klausel, dass das Grundstück zu Lebzeiten des B ohne dessen Zustimmung weder verkauft noch beliehen werden durfte, widrigenfalls es an ihn zurückübertragen werden sollte.

2008, Karl-Heinz Gursky, Klausurenkurs im Sachenrecht, 12th edition, →ISBN, Rn. 46, page 33:

(chiefly officialese) in violation of which


ܐܢ

From Aramaic אֵן (ʾen), from Proto-Semitic *šim; compare Arabic إِن (ʔin) and Hebrew אִם (im).

ܐܸܢ ܕܵܪܫܹܬ، ܒܸܬ ܡܲܢܬܹܝܬ

ܐܸܢ ܐܵܬܹܝܬ ܩܘܼܕܡܹܐ، ܡܲܝܬܝܼ ܚܲܕ݇ܟ̰ܵܐ ܙܘܼܙܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܡܘܼܟ݂.

If you come tomorrow, bring some money with you.


эмнеден

(interrogative adverb) why? (from what cause)


đây slích

[ɗəj˧˧ ɬïk̟̚˧˥]

[ɗəj˦˥ θïk̟̚˦]

đây cạ
đây cạ#Tày


đây cạ

[ɗəj˧˧ kaː˧˨ʔ]

[ɗəj˦˥ gʱaː˩˧]

Đây cạ hắp tu dá.

Đây cạ mì lai cần, náo ní hết bấu đảy.

Luckily, there were many people, otherwise we couldn't have done it.


đây rại

head

đây rại (低𠮶)

tyz-conj

đây rại (低𠮶)

[ɗəj˧˧ raːj˧˨ʔ]

[ɗəj˦˥ raːj˩˧]

Đây rại tố lèo hết.

Đây rại tố pi̱ noọng.


entwek

From entwe, possibly + the strengthening particle -k(ä).


entu

Tocharian A: antuṣ

Tocharian B: entwe

From Proto-Indo-European *ím, accusative form of *ís (“he, that”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔνθα (éntha, “there, thereupon”).


nhân chưng

[ɲən˧˧ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ cɨŋ˧˧]

nhân (因) + chưng.
The word is technically not attested in the Latin script when it was still in use, however, as both of its elements are attested, the reading *nhân chưng is commonly seen in romanization of Nôm poems.

庫免𢀨庄女負
因蒸恨𤝞沛挼眉

15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “猫 Miêu”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):

Poor or rich, be ungrateful, we dare not,
So why, would you be resentful to the mice that raised you?

Khó miễn sang chăng nỡ phụ,
Nhân chưng giận chuột phải nuôi mày.


ܝܢ

From Northern Kurdish یان (yan); related to Persian یا (yâ).

ܡܲܕܢܚܵܐ ܝܲܢ ܡܲܥܪܒ݂ܵܐ ― madnḵā yan maʿrwā ― East or west

ܒܹܐ݇ܬܵܝܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܝܲܢ ܠܵܐ؟

ܒܹܐ݇ܙܵܠܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ ܐܸܕܝܵܘܡ ܝܲܢ ܩܘܼܕܡܹܐ؟

ܡܵܢܝܼ ܒܸܬ ܦܵܪܹܫ ܠܲܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܕܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ؟ ܐܘܼܠܨܵܢܵܐ، ܝܲܢ ܥܵܘܩܵܢܵܐ، ܝܲܢ ܪܕܘܼܦܝܵܐ، ܝܲܢ ܟܸܦܢܵܐ، ܝܲܢ ܫܘܼܠܚܵܝܘܼܬܵܐ، ܝܲܢ ܩܹܘܲܢܕܹܢܘܿܣ، ܝܲܢ ܣܲܝܦܵܐ؟

Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?

mānī bit pārēš lan min ḵubbā d-mšīḵā? ulṣānā, yan ʿāwqānā, yan rdupyā, yan kipnā, yan šulḵāyutā, yan qēwandēros, yan saypā


alez

(Masuria, Warmia) Alternative form of ależ


na tyle

(idiomatic) so much so, that (to a given extent or degree)


sebbenché

(dated with subjunctive) although, even though


enggau

and (used to connect two similar words, phrases, et cetera)


abojem

Middle Polish: abojem

Aboyem nye byl gemv na zatraczene nam ignis ille non ad interitum... ipsius fuit

1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIV, page 362:

A thy dzyeczyą prorokyem navysszego bądzyesz vezvan, aboyem *vprzeydzysz przed oblyczym pana gothovacz drogy yego kv danyv navky zbavyenya lyvdv yego na odpuszczenye grzechow

1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116, Warsaw, page 290:


abojem

introduces a clause clarifying the previous one


abociem

Middle Polish: abociem

Ulyczka ta zamknyona bądze grzechowi, a nye bandze othworzona, abocziem pan bog wszedl przesz oną

1887 [Fifteenth century], Wacław Ubogi z Brodni, edited by Lucjan Malinowski, Modlitwy Wacława. Zabytek języka polskiego z wieku XV odkryty i skopjowany przez Aleksandra Przezdzieckiego wydał i objaśnił Lucyjan Malinowski, Krakow, Brodnia, page 40:

Tacz darow bozych iesth pelna, abociem byla pobozna

1908 [c. 1500], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume V, page 9:

(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) because, for


abociem

(Middle Polish) introduces a clause clarifying the previous one


abowiem

Polish: albowiem

Univerbation of a + bowiem. First attested in the 15th century.

Dlathego yest pr[z]ossny, abowym... czyny ideo est ociosus quia... operatur

1880-1894 [Middle of the 15th century], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume V, page 270:

Towarzisz, yesliby chczial precz vendrovacz, thedi ma odpovyedziecz swemu mystrzowy dobrze przeth thym, abowyem kthory nyedlugo robil, then ma thidzien odpowyedziecz przed thym, a yesliby kthori robil pol rokv, thedi ma przed thim mystrzowy opowyedziecz dwye nyedziel1491

1959 [1491], “Teksty polskie z końca XV w.”, in Rafał Leszczyński, editor, Rozprawy Komisji Językowej, volume VII, page 58:

Anno schwyąta y nabozna... dwadzyeschczya schyą lyath szmuczyla, abowyem plodu nye myala

1885-2024 [XV ex.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, Kurów (Bochnia), page 103:

(attested in Lesser Poland) because, for

Ja dawno wybrała sobie oblubieńca jednego, abowim nieba i ziemie (ego sponsum unum dudum iam elegi, quia desponsata sum saeculorum regi)

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 24:


abowiem

→ Lithuanian: abavem

Inherited from Old Polish abowiem. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + bowiem.


mư̱a

From Proto-Tai *mɯəᴮ. Cognate with Lao ເມື່ອ (mư̄a), Northern Thai ᨾᩮᩬᩥ᩵ᩋ, Khün ᨾᩮᩬᩨ᩵, Lü ᦵᦙᦲᧈ (moe¹), Tai Dam ꪹꪣ꪿, Shan မိူဝ်ႈ (mōe), Tai Nüa ᥛᥫ (moe), Thai เมื่อ (mʉ̂ʉa) and Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (müw).

cog

Lao ເມື່ອ (mư̄a)

Lü ᦵᦙᦲᧈ (moe¹)

Thai เมื่อ (mʉ̂ʉa)


ကဵု

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *k̆o, Compare Thai ก็ (gɔ̂) and Khmer ក៏ (kɑɑ).

အရေဝ်ဗၟာကဵုအရေဝ်မန်ဣလဵုလောဲရော။
ʼarew bmā k̆ou ʼarew mon ʼileu loy ro.
Which is easier Burmese or Mon?
Audio: (file)


စဉ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dziŋ (“relatives, ancestors”), with semantic shift "ancestors" > "line of ancestors" > "line (generic)" (STEDT). Cognate with Old Chinese 親 (OC *sʰin, *sʰins, “relatives”).


baita ... ere

Baita zu ere.


唔單

/m³⁵⁻¹¹ tũã³³/

/m³⁵⁻¹¹ tũã³³/


becuz

I feel as if something’s behind me all the time; and I’m afeard to turn around, becuz maybe there’s others in front a-waiting for a chance.

1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XXV, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 197:


cigba

Most likely from Yoruba ṣùgbọ́n, possible cognate with Edo sokpan


шоб

(colloquial) alternative form of щоб (ščob)


όποτε

head

όποτε • (ópote)

el-conjunction

όποτε • (ópote)

Δεν γίνεται να με βρίζεις όποτε έχεις νεύρα.

You should not insult me whenever you get angry.

Den gínetai na me vrízeis ópote écheis névra.


như thể

[ɲɨ˧˧ tʰe˧˩]

[ɲɨ˧˧ tʰej˧˨]

[ɲɨ˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦]

Các tướng thấy đại hãn nhu nhược như thể sợ sệt Vương Hãn, vẫn muốn gả Hoa Tranh cho Đô Sử, đều tức giận buồn rầu.

2005, chapter 6, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

The generals found the khan weak, as if he were scared of Wáng Khan and still wanted to marry off Huázhēng to Dūshǐ, and they all felt angry and sad.


ຂະນະ

From Pali khaṇa, from Sanskrit क्षण (kṣaṇa). Cognate with Mon ခၞ, Khmer ខណៈ (khaʼnaʼ), Thai ขณะ (kà-nà), Burmese ခဏ (hka.na.).


aboć

Polish: aboć

From abo + -ć. First attested in 1461–1467.

Assument pennas ut aquile, ut (gl.: abocz; pro abycz?) de positis plumis... *renonciantur

1461—1467, Sermones. Rękopiśmienne ekscerpty pochodzące z rkpsu Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej o sygn. 230 (dawna sygn. 1421/108 Mns) z roku 1461-1467, page 90v:


aboć

Inherited from Old Polish aboć. By surface analysis, abo + -ć.


propterea quod

From proptereā (“therefore”) + quod (“because”).

Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt …

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1

Of all these, the Belgae are the bravest, because they are furthest from the civilization and refinement of [our] Province …


alić

Polish: alić

Silesian: alić

From ali + -ć. First attested in the beginning of the 15th century.

etydate

Vszrza madrzy thego szwyatha, ysz dobra boszką othplathą: chovaly thv zyvoth szwoy czaszno, alycz gych zyrcza nath sloncze yaszno

1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 430:

(attested in Masovia) used for presenting something; here

A oni są nie wzwiedzieli, alić na nie potop przyszedł (et non cognoverunt, donec venit diluvium)

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 485:


alić

Inherited from Old Polish alić. By surface analysis, ali + -ć.

Alić małą liczbę wyjąwszy, ludzie niesforni zuchwali i zaczepni, czy-to z wrodzonego narodowi usposobienia, czy z przyczyny wielkiej rozległości kraju, poczęli wichrzyć bezkarnie […]

1867, Jan Długosz, Joannis Dlugossii Senioris Canonici Cracoviensis Opera omnia = Jana Długosza kanonika krakowskiego dzieła wszystkie. T. 2, Dziejów Polski ksiąg dwanaście. T. 1, page 50:

And yet having taken out a small number, unruly, bold, and combative people, be it from a character inborn to the people, or because of the great extensiveness of the country, started to lawlessly sow discord […]

(obsolete) expresses contrast and surprise; but, and yet


aliżci

Polish: aliści

From aliż + -ci. First attested in the 15th century.

Cuartecz gest on f posczely tako vbodzy bil, iszecz on namnegsze perzinky ne malcy gest ge on byl...: alisczy gego mila matuchna Maria trochø szana gestcy ona byla f gasly poden podloszyla

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 5b:

(attested in Lesser Poland) used for presenting something; here

Iscy go lofcy gynako vlouicz ne mogø, aliscy ony do nego cysthø dzeuiczø pryuodø

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 179b:


con tal de que

Estoy dispuesto a ayudarte con tal de que me lo pidas

I am willing to help you as long as you ask me.

Renuncio a la Farmacia con tal de que usted me acompañe a tomar buñuelos

1882, Benito Pérez Galdós, El amigo Manso:

I will renounce the Pharmacy as long as you join me for a beignet

(followed by the subjunctive) as long as


aliż

Z yutra weszol nikt ne bødze, alysz gdi za stolem szødze, tosz wszego mislena zbødze

1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 15:

(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) but

Any se obroczø, alisz zginø (donec deficiant)

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 17, 41:

Mroczek ne m[al] vosza any cona dacz dzewcze svogey, alisze na concz[u] svogey smerczy

1920 [1424], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume II, number 237, Zakroczym:

Pani Klichna... byla w dzerszenyv dzedzini v Wanczkowicz, alysz sye latoss Budek w tø dzedzinø mocza ssilø wwansal

1880-1894 [1400], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume III, Krakow, Czchów, page 190:

(attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia) until

Eciam cum puer oziwe, eciam aliszø vecze

1874-1891 [c. 1440], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 241:

(attested in) The meaning of this term is uncertain.

Alysz gospodzyn wczyny dom (nisi... aedificaverit), po prosznoszcy dzalayø, gysz czynø gy

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 126, 1:

Taczy od zlosczy nye mogą bycz wzczągnyeny, alysz (nisi) gym powroz wloszą na szschyyą

1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 39:

Dzedzinnich rzecz sandzicz nye bandze mocz na dworze, alysch przed oblycznosczą krolową (nisi in praesentia regis)

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 8:

(attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia) unless


aliż

Polish: aliż

Bo welyke yest na nebech myloserdze twoye y alysz do oblokow (usque ad nubes) prawda twoya

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 107, 4:

Blogoslawicz bødø gospodnu, iensze my dal rozum, y nadto alisz do nocy nagabali sø me pocrotky (pro pocrøtky) moie (insuperet usque ad noctem increpuerunt me renes mei)

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 15, 7:

Sądze malich rokow nye mayą oth rzeczy wyączszich, gesz alysz do trzydzesczy grzywyen (usque ad existimationem triginta marcarum) y nyzey lyczącz sądzycz bądą..., wyączey nysly dwa grossa wszącz

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 78:

(attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia) up to


aliż

Inherited from Old Polish aliż. By surface analysis, ali + -ż.

(Middle Polish) introduces a conjunctional coordinate or superordinate clause; that


bcse

(text messaging, informal) Abbreviation of because.


พลาง

อ่านหนังสือพิมพ์พลางฟังเพลงไปด้วย

Listening to the music while reading the newspaper.

àan nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-pim plaang fang pleeng bpai dûai


aczciby

From aczci + -by. First attested in the end of the 15th century.

Aczczybych ya vlyczky zatraczenya przestapyla..., mozesch mye virwacz, myly panye, ze wschego

1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 91:


aczby

Aczbi mi tego przal, gotowem to vkaszacz

1887, 1889 [1399], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume I, number 2842, Poznań:

Marczin prziszedl... na Micolaya... y pirvey gemu dal dwe rane, aczbi czo Micolayg Marczinovi vczinil, to vczinil sza gego poczøntkem

1888 [1411], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 55:

(attested in Greater Poland) introducing an unreal conditional; if

Bo aczbich chodzil posrzod czena smercy, ne bødø se bacz zla (nam, etsi ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis, non timebo mala), bo ti se mnø ies

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 22, 4:

(attested in Lesser Poland) though, although, even if, yet


aczkakole

Univerbation of acz + kakole. First attested in 1448–1450.

Any bracza..., any synowye bratha... mayą smyecz wsdrvszycz... then tho dzal, aczkakole gych dzelenye any przes nasz, any przes naszego starostą bylo poczwyrdzono (quamvis... fuerit confirmata)

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 67:


aczci

Middle Polish: aczci

From acz + -ci. First attested in the 15th century.

Xpt nyszadnemu clouekoui gego grechof ne othpuscy, aczcy on po szpouedzy ma thø misl, isbi szø go on naftorky chal dopuscicz

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 14b:

Si frigescit corporalis infancia, aczczy dzyssza zymno twoye dzeczstwo, w myloszczy sze grzeye twoya duscha szwyatha

1880-1894 [XV med.], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume V, page 260:

Aczczy oko twe prave bądzye czyebye pogarschacz, vyrvy ye

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 268:

(attested in Lesser Poland) introduces a real conditional clause; if


aczci

Inherited from Old Polish aczci. By surface analysis, acz + -ci.


ނޫނީ

head

ނޫނީ • (nūnī)


thế nhưng

[tʰe˧˦ ɲɨŋ˧˧]

[tʰej˨˩˦ ɲɨŋ˧˧]

[tʰej˦˥ ɲɨŋ˧˧]


けども

Clipping of けれども (keredomo, “although, but”).


যেন

From Early Assamese যেন (jeno), borrowed from Sanskrit: येन (yena), the instrumental singular of यद् (yad).


যেন

Borrowed from Sanskrit येन (yena), the instrumental singular of यद् (yad).

আর দেখ, বাড়ির ভিতর নিয়ে যাস না যেন

And look, be sure that you don't take it into the house.


ဒါမှမဟုတ်

ဒါ (da) + မှ (hma.) + မ (ma., “not”) + ဟုတ် (hut, “it is the case”)


噶末

/kəʔ³³ məʔ⁴⁴/

/kəʔ⁵⁵ məʔ²¹/

/kəʔ⁵⁵ məʔ⁵⁵/

/kəʔ³³ məʔ⁴⁴/

/kəʔ⁵⁵ məʔ²¹/

/kəʔ⁵⁵ məʔ⁵⁵/

Really? In that case won't we be able to afford dinner from now on?

真當的啊？格末後頭豈不是吃得起夜飯得？

真当的啊？格末后头岂不是吃得起夜饭得？


乃末

/ne²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/na²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/na¹¹ məʔ⁵⁵/

/ne²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/na²² məʔ⁴⁴/

/na¹¹ məʔ⁵⁵/


ᬅᬣᬯᬵ

Borrowed from Old Javanese athawa, from Sanskrit अथवा (athavā).


ဘၣ်ဆၣ်

head

ဘၣ်ဆၣ် • (bà hsà)


con el fin de que

(followed by a subjunctive) so that, in order that, in order for


nec non

From nec (“and not, nor”) + nōn (“not”).

Certe, inquit Merula; nam ibi vidi greges magnos anserum, gallinarum, columbarum, gruum, pavonum, nec non glirium, piscium, aprorum, ceterae venationis.

116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 3.14

“Certainly,” said Merula, “for I saw there great flocks of geese, chickens, pigeons, cranes, peacocks, not to mention sparrows, fish, boar, and other game.”

sunt tibi regna patris Dauni, sunt oppida capta

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 12.22–23

You have the realms of your father Daunus, the many towns
taken by your hand, and Latinus also has gold and spirit

multa manu, nec non aurumque animusque Latino est

[ingenia] docta, indocta simul, bruta et sapientia, nec non

348 CE – c. 413 CE, Prudentius, Psychomachia 518–19

The learned and the unlearned alike, the stupid and the wise, and also
the pure and the impure, have given themselves up to my hand

casta, incesta meae patuerunt pectora dextrae

and also, and indeed, and certainly, not to mention


𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹

𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 • (miþþanei)

𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸, 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐍃 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍂𐍉, 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍃𐌹𐍀𐍉𐌽𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐌹𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃: 𐍈𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌺 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃?

And it came to pass, as he was alone praying, his disciples were with him: and he asked them, saying, Whom say the people that I am? (KJV)

jah warþ, miþþanei was is bidjands sundrō, gamōtidēdun imma sipōnjōs is, jah frah ins qiþands: ƕana mik qiþand wisan þōs manageins?


𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴

𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴 • (miþþanē)

𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰, 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌸 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌿𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌼, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌹𐍉𐍃𐌴𐍆 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹 𐌹𐍃.

And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it. (KJV)

jah ustiuhandam þans dagans, miþþanē gawandidēdun sik aftra, gastōþ iēsus sa magus in iairusalēm, jah ni wissēdun iōsēf jah aiþei is.

𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹#Gothic

Misspelling of 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 (miþþanei, “while, as”).


היות

From Hebrew היות (“being”), infinitive construct of היה (“to be”).


aczżeż

From acz + -ż. First attested in the middle of the 15th century.

etydate

Gdi vbodzi duchem mayą nyebo, a czischi zyemyą, aczsesch ma ostacz pischnim a gnyewywim wyernye sam pkyel?

1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XII, page 237:


aczkoliby

From aczkoli + -by. First attested in the fifteenth century.

A gdyby (quod si) na naszem dworze... kto brony dobądze..., tedy na naszey lascze ma bycz, a gdyby vranyl, tedy... ma bycz skaran... Aczkolyby na naszem dworze... czso vkradl, tedy vcho ma bycz vrsnyono

1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 49:

(hapax, attested in Lesser Poland) creates an unreal contrastive conditional; if on the other hand


aczliby

From aczli + -by. First attested in the 15th century.

[A]czby nyekto przed sądem kord... wygiąl y vranyl kogo, tedi ten ma bycz na naszey mylosczy. Aczlyby (si vero) dobywszy brony nykogo nye vranyl, tedy ma pokvpycz viną

1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 48:

(attested in Lesser Poland) introduces an unreal constrastive conditional; if on the other hand


aczkolić

From aczkoli + -ć. First attested in c. 1428.

Aczkoliczem ya oth czebye daleko, a wszakosz wszgym ne byla any bandze naht cze gyna myla

1885-2024 [c. 1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume I, Międzyrzecz, Warsaw, page 481:

(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) permissive adverbial; although


aczkole

⇒ Polish: aczkolek

/at͡ʃʲkɔlʲɛ/

/at͡ʃʲkɔlʲɛ/

From acz. First attested in the 15th century.

Aczkole (et quamvis) gemv myecz y thobolą wroczyl, alye trzech skoczczow gemv nye wroczil

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 44:

Przedaw dzedzyną a wzzaw czanscz pyenyądzi, za ostathek przes trzi lyatha... nye pozwaw, sstraczy, aczkole (licet) gemv przes kvpcza nye bylobi doszycz vczynyono

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 12:

Gdy yą kto wezmye we dnye, wyny sądowy schescz grzywyen... ma dacz; aczkole (si autem) yą wezmye w noczy, wyznawamy bycz zlodzeystwo

1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 41:

(attested in Lesser Poland) if on the other hand


aczle

Univerbation of acz + le. First attested in the middle of the 15th century.

Bili mystrzewye, yako y dzyssya schą gich vcznyewye, aczle dyabel mystrze pobral

1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 234:


aćby

From ać + -by. First attested in the 15th century.

Day my zonø moyø, bocz gest czasz yussz syø dokonal, aczbich wszedl k nyey (da mihi uxorem meam, quia iam tempus impletum est, ut ingrediar ad illam)

1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 29, 21:


aczli

Univerbation of acz + li. First attested in the 14th century.

Acz zapomnaly czebe, Yeruzalem, zapomnenv dana bødz prawycza moya (si oblitus fuero tui Jerusalem, oblivioni detur dextera mea)

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 136, 6:

Neprzyaczele mogi molwili sø zla mne: Gdy vmrze y zgine ymø iego? Aczli ie wszedl, eszby vsrzal, prosznoscz iest molwil (inimici mei dixerunt mala mihi: Quando morietur et peribit nomen eius? Et si ingrediebatur, ut videret, vana loquebatur)

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 40, 6:

(attested in Lesser Poland) introduces a real constrastive conditional; if on the other hand


aczkolwie

Middle Polish: aczkolwie

From acz + Proto-Slavic *kolivě. First attested in the 15th century.

Ktor[z]iz aczkolwie bog iest y czlowiek, a wszakoz nye dwa, ale geden iest Cristus

1887 [Fifteenth century], Wacław Ubogi z Brodni, edited by Lucjan Malinowski, Modlitwy Wacława. Zabytek języka polskiego z wieku XV odkryty i skopjowany przez Aleksandra Przezdzieckiego wydał i objaśnił Lucyjan Malinowski, Krakow, Brodnia, page 113a:

Przykazal Salome..., aby przy yego smyerczy wschytky kazala zabycz, aby wschytka zyemya zydowska, aczkolvye nyeradzy, byly przyego smyerczy

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 109:

Wecz, moya namyleyssza panno, ysze aczkoliczem ya oth czebye daleko, a wszakosz *wszgym ne byla any bandze nath cze gyna myla

(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland, Masovia) permissive adverbial; although

attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland


aczkolwie

(Middle Polish) permissive adverbial; although


aczkoli

Polish: aczkoli

From acz. First attested in the fifteenth century.

Aczkoly nyekthorich czassow *przeczyow rozvmv bylo dzirzano a chowano (verum quamvis aliquibus temporibus contra rationem fuerit observatum), ysz thacy slostnyczy... wyzwalyaany biwaly, a szakoosz (tamen)... wstawyami, abi pozwani o... grzesznee vczynky powynny bily othpowyedacz

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 28:

(attested in Masovia) contrastive conjunction; although

Odpuscz lyvdu twemu, aczkoly grzesznemv (quamvis peccator)

1930 [c. 1455], “II Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 6, 39:


aczkoli

(obsolete) contrastive conjunction; although

(obsolete) permissive adverbial; although


姑勿論

/kuː⁵⁵ mɐt̚² lɵn²²/

/kuː⁵⁵ mɐt̚² lɵn²²/


aliboż

From alibo + -ż. First attested in 1449.

Kaaszdi czlowyek... mozze y yma myecz swego przyprawczą... alyboz rzecznyka (suum advocatum, ... seu prolocutorem)

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 24:

(hapax, emphatic, attested in Masovia) or


aliby

Jacom ya ne myal poziczicz Climontowy pyaczy kop, alibi my dal lysth xazy na sya y na swe dzeczy

1950 [1446], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 779, Warsaw:

(hapax, attested in Masovia) (in unreal sentences) until


alećby

From aleć + -by. First attested in the 14th century.

Velyke by tho miloserdze... bilo, isze gdisbicz nasz Xpt mily... clouekovy... poslalcyby mu on na pomocz gednego angola svątego; alleczbi tho geszcze vøthsze miloserdze... bylo, abycz mv on fszythky svøthe angoly na pomocz poslal; alleczbi tho gescze naduødse miloserdze... bilo, ise gdisbicz on sam... k nemu nauedzil

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 181a:

(emphatic, attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces a contrasting clause; but

Tesczy nasz tutha dale naucza, abichom nasz szyuoth czystho y tesze f svøtoscy ch[w]oualy. Alleczby nektory clouek medzy namy tako rzecl: ysze gacz, dze, ne mogø bycz swøth

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 172a:

(emphatic, attested in Lesser Poland) Introduces new context in relation to an old one; but


ależby

From ależ + -by. First attested in the 15th century.

I odpovyedz by wszyąl od dvcha szvyathego nye vyrzecz szmyerczy, aleszby pyrvey vyrzal Cristvsa (nisi prius videret Luc 2, 26)

1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116, Warsaw, page 294:

Ktho kramna komorą albo dom, albo rolą czynszowa ma, themu szyą yey ne trzeba odrzekacz besz yego wolyey, aleszby yemv zaplaczona

1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 54:

Yako szye moze czlovyek narodzycz bądącz star, alyezby mogl zaszye wnycz v zyvoth svoyey matky y narodzycz szye?

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 237:

(attested in Masovia, Greater Poland) (in unreal sentences) until

attested in Masovia; Greater Poland; attested in Masovia; Greater Poland

Szadny nye mosze thy znamyona dzyalacz..., alyeszby byl bog sz [n]ym (nisi fuerit deus cum eo Jo 3, 2)

1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116, Warsaw, page 305:

(attested in Masovia) forms unreal conditionals


aliżby

From aliż + -by. First attested in 1398.

Ne mal na Paszka nyyedney skodi vczinicz, aliszby szø se mnø obliczil

1888 [1398], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 95:

Wloszyl zakryczye..., ktore wchodzø ku bogu a mowyø z nym odgymal, alyszbi nye wiszedl (quod ingressus ad dominum et loquens cum eo, auferebat donec exiret)

1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 34, 34:

(attested in Greater Poland) (in unreal sentences, sometimes negated) until

Na nye nye ymyal zalovacz, alischbi ge s nimi pomyerzil

1920 [1436], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume III, number 2442, Zakroczym:

(attested in Masovia) (in unreal sentences) if not; unless

(attested in Masovia) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Ne mal (sc. mię) nigdi poszwacz, alisbi yednaczom opowedzal... Ne mal Marczina poswacz alibo gednaczom opowedzecz

1879 [1410], Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, editor, Księga ziemi czerskiej 1404-1425. Liber terrae Cernensis, Masovia, page 33:


alibo

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *alibo. First attested in 1404–1425.

Sampyerz alybo strona pozwana

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 7:

Dzedzinnich rzecz sandzicz nye bandze mocz na dworze, alysch przed oblycznosczą krolową alybo namnyey szesczi riczerzow (in praesentia regis vel ad minus sex baronum)

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 8:

Wdowa... w szesczi lyath rzecz pocznye, alybo pothem smvdą prawo straczy (vidua infra sex annos... quaestionem inchoabit)

1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 12:

(reduplicated, attested in Masovia) either … or

Poszywayanczi alybo pozwani (citans vel citatus) moze ymyecz swego mowczą lyvbo rzecznyka

Isz mø ne mal nigdi poszwacz, alisbi yednaczom opowedzal..., ne mal Marczina poswacz alibo gednaczom opowedzecz

(attested in Masovia) The meaning of this term is uncertain.


alboć

From albo + -ć. First attested in the 15th century.

Ludze, chosczy ony vele dzecy magø, velkokrocz szø tho gim przygadza, ysczy ony nad nimy szaloscz vydzø, przes to iscy ony richlo vmiragø. Albocz tesze ony slø smerczø dzynø, ysczy sz nesktorego szyna slodzeg byua, kostarsz y pyganicza

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 12a:

Modlcye sye naszim bogom, albocz waas kaszø wszistky scynacz

1896 [Middle of the 15th century], Lucjan Malinowski, editor, Żywot świętego Błażeja. Zabytek języka polskiego z początku wieku XV,, page 322:


alboć

Inherited from Old Polish alboć. By surface analysis, albo + -ć.


aleć

Polish: aleć

Silesian: aleć

From ale + -ć. First attested in the 14th century.

A tesczy ony ne szø byly spaly, allecz ony szø byly czuly

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 176b:

O gichsze møcze vele bich mal vam pouedacz, allecz thø to chwylø ne czasz gest tego tho vyslouicz

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 171b:

Dzeczøthko... f gaslach gestcy ono bilo przeth svø milø mathkø plakalo, allecz f krolefstwe nebeskem [p]przed svøth[y]my angoly gestcy szø ono bylo [s]smalo

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 4b:

Thak dawno roszlewągya krew luczką marno, alecz dzyschą wyanczey pewno

1853 [end of the 15th century], Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Piśmiennictwo polskie od czasów najdawniejszych aż do roku 1830, volume 4, page 140:

Sbiluto non expurgauit se..., alecz iemu ia ne prziganam

1897 [1419], Teki Adolfa Pawińskiego, volume IV, number 3396, Łęczyca Land:

(emphatic, attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) Introduces a contrasting clause; but

Gebal gestcy tho ona bila posznala, yszecz dzeuicza gest bila porodzila..., a tako vøcz ona velikiim gloszem gest bila bogu chualø dala. Allecz Salomee gestcy ona temu tho bila ne uerzyla y chczala szø gest ona... dothknøcz tego to mastha byla, tedy... røcze szø ge byle usch[ch]le. Allecz svøty angol gestcy szø ge byl vkaszal a rzekøcz ge tako..., ysbi szø ona ge dzeczøthka bila dothknøla

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 4a:

Nye ostawyø czyø tam, alecz napelnyø (pro alez?; nec dimittam, nisi complevero), czsokolyczyem rzekl

1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 28, 15:


aleć

Inherited from Old Polish aleć. By surface analysis, ale + -ć.

(Middle Polish or dialectal, Masuria, Warmia, emphatic) but


anić

Middle Polish: anić

A uszrzø krew y mynø wasz, anycz bødze na was rana sza[gu]bna (nec erit in vobis plaga disperdens)

1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 13, 13:

Rzekli: Nie wiemy, a on im też rzekł: Anić ja też wam powiem (nec ego dico vobis Mat 21, 27)

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 453:


anić

Inherited from Old Polish anić. By surface analysis, ani + -ć.


aniż

Middle Polish: aniż

Jacom ne gonil To[to]mislawa anys gy slymi slowi gabal

1887, 1889 [1398], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 2095, Pyzdry, Gniezno, Kościan:

Sandziwoy... zastauil Kobili trzi lata pred tim, anisz Hankø poyøL

1959 [1393], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 169, Poznań:

Wroczywszy sze wodi zaszyø y przykrili wozy y geszdzcze..., ktorzy gonyøcz Izrahelskye weszly bili w morze, anysz zayste ostal z nych nygeden

1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 28:

(emphatic, attested in Greater Poland) and not


aniż

Inherited from Old Polish aniż. By surface analysis, ani + -ż.


آبادیی

head

آبادیی (ābādyī)


ὁπηνίκα

ὁπηνίκα • (hopēníka)


azalić

From azali + -ć. First attested in 1455.

Poczekaymi smylowanya od boga, azalycz swey myerszøczki vkrocy (forsitan enim indignationem suam abscindet)

1930 [c. 1455], “Judith”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 7, 24:


azaćby

From azać + -by. First attested in 1428.

Proszy za myą..., azaczbich bil kaplanem

1885-2024 [1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, Dolsk, page 15:

(attested in Greater Poland) in order to


azaby

From aza + -by. First attested in the 15th century.

A ty... bødzesz tesz s nym spacz, azabichom zachowaly syemyø ot naszego otcza (ut salvemus semen de patre nostro)

1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 19, 34:


ażciby

From ażci + -by. First attested in the end of the 15th century.

O bandz volya twa, myly panye, azczyby mala kropya vkanala z opphythego myloszyerdzya twoyego, a vczyn mnye, Nawoyka, szluga szwa

1875 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Motty, editor, Książeczka do nabożeństwa Jadwigi księżniczki polskiej, Modlitewnik Nawojki, page 91:


azaliby

From azali + -by. First attested in 1455.

A gdisz szyą thak tho Adamowi y Gewye stalo, owa trze navczenszi magistri... veszli szą w rada doradzayącz szobye, aszalibi mv nyeczo mogli dopomocz

1901 [End of the 15th century], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, page 317:

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Azalybichmi temu (sc. ofiarowali), gemusz sze Egipsczy klanyayø przed nymy, bi nas obrzuczyli kamyenym (quodsi mactaverimus ea, quae colunt Aegyptii coram eis, lapidibus nos obruent)

1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 8, 2:


atoć

Inherited from Old Polish atoć. By surface analysis, ato + -ć.


ażeć

Inherited from Old Polish ażeć. By surface analysis, aże + -ć.


jaż

(Chełmno-Dobrzyń) Alternative form of aż


ażby

Polish: ażby (Middle Polish)

From aż + -by. First attested in the 14th century.

Blogoslawoni czlowek, iegosz ti navczisz, gospodne, y s twego zakona navczisz gy. By vcogil iemu ote dnow zlich, aszbi v[o]copan bil grzesznemu dol (ut mitiges ei a diebus malis, donec fodiatur peccatori fovea)

1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 93, 13:

(attested in Lesser Poland) (In unreal clauses) until

Chcze on, bichom mi tako wnątrz syą przecziwyenstwu radowaly, aschbichom y zewnątrz tho pocazowaly ludzem

1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 247:

Poszylacz nynye w poselstwye k tobye, ku panu swemu, azbi[ch] nalazl myloszcz przed twym oblyczym (mittoque nunc legationem ad dominum meum, ut inveniam gratiam in conspectu tuo)

1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 32, 5:

Nie może nikt tych znamion czynić, ktore ty czynisz, ażby bog s nim był (nemo... potest haec signa facere, quae tu facis, nisi fuerit deus cum eo Jo 3, 2)

Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 236:


ażby

Inherited from Old Polish ażby. By surface analysis, aż + -by.

(Middle Polish) (In unreal clauses) until


ażci

Middle Polish: ażci, ażeć

From aż + -ci. First attested in the end of the 14th century.

etydate

Przebødzesz kylko czasow s nym, asczy syø za tym vpokogy gnyew (donec requiescat furor) brata twego

1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 27, 44:

Ony szø ge byly tako szucho przesly, ascy ony svich *nok... ne szocz (pro szøcz) ony byly rosmoczyly

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 174b:

(emphatic, attested in Lesser Poland) connects clauses; that

Gednocz ona gest tho bila vczinila, aszecz natichmasth gest ona sdroua byla

Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 4a:

(emphatic, attested in Lesser Poland) as soon as, at the moment when; immediately after


ażci

Inherited from Old Polish ażci. By surface analysis, aż + -ci.

(Middle Polish, emphatic) as soon as, at the moment when; immediately after

(Middle Polish, emphatic, contrastive) but, meanwhile

(Middle Polish, emphatic) connects clauses; that


ᥖᥨ

Ultimately from Chinese 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˁo). Cognate with Thai ตัว (dtuua), Northern Thai ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫ, Lao ໂຕ (tō) or ຕົວ (tūa), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo), Tai Dam ꪶꪔ, Shan တူဝ် (tǒ), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū) or 𑜄𑜤 (tu), Zhuang duz, Saek ทั๊ว and Khmer តួ (tuə). Compare also Japanese 頭 (tō, “counter for certain animals”).


ömm

From earlier umme (with /ʊ/), from Proto-West Germanic *umbi, from Proto-Germanic *umbi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi.


comme pour

comme pour dire


ahora que

Ahora que lo pienso...


ɔna

Ɔna tíssed etir in dígal; níba samlid insin, acht du·fïastar tra cenn-som.

So that the punishment should not come at all; that will not be so, but punishment will be inflicted because of them.


conna

Univerbation of co (“so that”, nasalizing) + ná (“not”)

univerbation

conná

in some editions, on the assumption that the a was long


ἡνίκα

head

ἡνίκᾰ • (hēníka)

grc-conjunction

ἡνίκᾰ • (hēníka)

never used in Classical Attic proseRelative also used in exclamations

indefinite relative used in indirect questions


aššum

From 𒀀𒈾 (ana, “for”) + 𒈬 (šumum, “because of”).

com

(Babylonian with conjunctive) because of (the fact that)

(Mari, Old Assyrian with present) in order to, so that

Old Babylonian; reported speach; Old Babylonian; reported speach


sapagkat

From sapagka + at, where sapagka itself is from sa- + pagka.


tuy rằng

[twɪj˧˧ ʐaŋ˦˩]

[t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ ɹaŋ˨˩]

Hoa sen mọc bãi cát lầm,
Tuy rằng lấm láp vẫn mầm hoa sen.
A lotus grows in the wrong sand
Muddy, yet still a lotus sprout


dẫu rằng

[zəw˦ˀ˥ zaŋ˨˩]

[jəw˧˨ ʐaŋ˦˩]

[jəw˨˩˦ ɹaŋ˨˩]

(literary) although; despite; in spite of


kālih

Javanese: ꦏꦭꦶꦃ (kalih)

→ Balinese: ᬓᬮᬶᬄ (kalih)


ꦏꦭꦶꦃ

Affixed ꦲꦭꦶꦃ (alih, “to move, to change residence; to change”) + ꦏ- (ka-), inherited from Old Javanese kalih, kālih (“two”).


kezalik

From Ottoman Turkish كذلك, from Arabic كَذَلِك (kaḏalik)


matukar̃

on the condition that
on the condition that

as long as, on the condition that, to the extent that


là dove

(now rare) Alternative spelling of laddove


æn

Den ſegers pris ſom man med möda vinner
För hieltens ſyn mer värde finner,
Æn den man utan motﬅând fâr.

1776, Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna, Ceremonial vid Drotning Christinas Torner-Spel den 9 Mars, 1650, page III:

The prize of victory which one with toil earneth, in the hero's sight findeth greater value, than that one without resistance getteth.


վասնզի

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian վասն զի (vasn zi)


بھیسا

head

بھیسا (bhīsā)


মাগার

Borrowed from Classical Persian مگر (magar, “but, unless, perhaps”), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭫 𐭧𐭲 (ʾl ḥt /ma agar/, “perhaps; lest (lit. not if)”). Compare Hindustani مگر / मगर (magar).

der

ফরিদপুরের মানুহ এহানেবি নাইক্যা, মাগার ছাবনেবি দেখবার পারেন?
fôridpurer manuh ehanebi naikka, magar sabnebi dekhbar paren? - Nurul Amin Haoladar (1991)


sapagka

(archaic) because; since; for the reason that


որպես

որպես թե

Որպես լեռն է մեր պայծառ տեսել հազար ձյուն,
Այնպես նոր չեն մեզ համար դավ ու դառնություն:
Orpes leṙn ē mer paycaṙ tesel hazar jyun,

Just as our bright mountain has seen a thousand snows,
So are conspiracy and bitterness not new to us.

Aynpes nor čʻen mez hamar dav u daṙnutʻyun:

Այն ծառայում է որպես գրասեղան։

որպես հայ


närhelst

när (“when(ever)”) + helst (“most preferably”)

af

Kom närhelst du vill!


𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰

𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌿 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌰 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃, 𐌽𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌼𐌹𐍃; 𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌿, 𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸, 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌼 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸

If I do not the works of my Father, believe me not. But if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works (KJV)

niba taujau waurstwa attins meinis, ni galaubeiþ mis; iþ jabai taujau, niba mis galaubjaiþ, þaim waurstwam galaubjaiþ

𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹#Gothic

Alternative form of 𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 (nibai, “if not, though not”)


𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹

𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰 𐌰𐌿𐌺 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌶𐍉 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌴 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌴, 𐌽𐌹 𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌴.

For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven. (KJV)

qiþa auk izwis þatei nibai managizō wairþiþ izwaraizōs garaihteins þau þizē bōkarjē jah fareisaiē, ni þau qimiþ in þiudangardjai himinē.


bhe

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *be(ź). Cognate with Lithuanian be, Latvian bez, Polish bez.


јок … јок

head

јок … јок • (jok … jok)


ar scáth a

/ɛɾʲˈsˠkɑːh ə/

/ɛɾʲˈsˠkɑː(ə)/

/ɛɾʲˈsˠkaː(ə)/

ar scáth ar miste liom; ar scáth ar chuma liom

ar scáth a bhfuil de mhaith ann

ar scáth a raibh a fhios aici

ɛr skα: ə wïlʹ ə ji:ç erʹ

1906, E. C. Quiggin, A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 70:


korone

From Magadhi Prakrit [Term?], ultimately from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa). Compare Assamese কাৰণ (karon) and Bengali কারণ (karon).


kumpõ

kumpõ (nominative singular)
kummõd (nominative plural)
kumma (genitive singular)
kumpijõ (genitive plural)
kumpii (genitive plural)
kumpa (partitive singular)
kumpiitõ (partitive plural)
kumpii (partitive plural)
kumpasõ (illative singular)
kumpa (illative singular)
kumpiisõ (illative plural)
kummõz (inessive singular)
kumpiiz (inessive plural)
kummõssõ (elative singular)
kumpiissõ (elative plural)
kummõlõ (allative singular)
kumpiilõ (allative plural)
kummõllõ (adessive singular)
kumpiillõ (adessive plural)
kummõltõ (ablative singular)
kumpiiltõ (ablative plural)
kummõssi (singular translative)
kumpiissi (plural translative)

kumpõ koirõ haukub, se nii tšiire eb purõ

(literally, “the kind of dog that barks will not quickly bite”)


əmmâ

Borrowed from Persian اما (ammâ), from Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā).


lāwan

desctree

Javanese: ꦭꦮꦤ꧀ (lawan)
→ Banjarese: lawan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laban (“oppose, go against someone”).


ꦭꦮꦤ꧀

→ Banjarese: lawan

Inherited from Old Javanese lawan, lāwan (“adversary, match, opponent; with; and; moreover”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laban (“beside; oppose”).


ܡܢ ܕ-

ܡܸܢ ܕ- (canonical)
min d- (romanization)

ܟܦܝܼܢܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܡܸܢ ܕܠܵܐ ܡܘܼܥܪܹܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܝܼ

I’m hungry because I hadn’t had breakfast.

ܡܸܢ ܕܐܵܬ݂ܝܵܐ، ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܗܵܘܹܐ ܒܝܼ ܕܦܵܠܛܸܢ.

Once she comes, I won’t be able to leave.


abowiemci

From abowiem + -ci. First attested in 1530.


seneperäss

Univerbation of sene peräss(e) (elative)


alltmedan

all the while, whilst (at the same time as)


ніби

head

ні́би • (níby)

From ні (ni) + би (by). Cognate with Belarusian ні́бы (níby), Polish niby. Compare Old Ruthenian небы (neby, “like, as if”), Russian как бы (kak by), Czech and Polish jakoby.


поки

head

по́ки • (póky)


jotti

From Proto-Finnic *jotta. Compare Finnish jotta.


alltsedan

Alltsedan massakern har det spökat på slottet

Ever since the massacre, the castle has been haunted


gnanc

Univerbation of gne + anc. Compare Italian neanche, Friulian nancje.


аніж

аніж • (aniž)

Inherited from Old Ukrainian анѣжь (anižʹ), from Old Ruthenian анижъ (aniž).


alalaong baga

tl-head

alalaóng bagá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜎᜂᜅ᜔ ᜊᜄ)

alalaóng bagá (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜎᜂᜅ᜔ ᜊᜄ (Baybayin)


заки

head

за́ки • (záky)

Спів цієї пісні кинув тварин у стан дикого збудження. Заки ще Марко дійшов до кінця, вони почали співати її про себе.

1947, George Orwell, translated by Ihor Ševčenko ("Ivan Cherniatynsky"), Колгосп Тварин [Animal Farm]:

The singing of this song threw the animals into the wildest excitement. Almost before Major had reached the end, they had begun singing it for themselves.

Spiv cijeji pisni kynuv tvaryn u stan dykoho zbudžennja. Zaky šče Marko dijšov do kincja, vony počaly spivaty jiji pro sebe.


جے

Inherited from Old Punjabi جے (je), from Sanskrit यदि (yadi).


senperästä

sen perästä

in modern Finnish, usually interpreted literally as sen + perästä

according to, in accordance with (followed by kuin)


abyć

(Middle Polish, emphatic) to, in order to, so that


aun cuando

Aun cuando se conceda que el descubrimiento de las armas de fuego ha ahorrado mucha sangre en las batallas, no es menos cierto que, como dice nuestro autor, sea el mas valiente víctima del mas pusilánime, que no hubiera osado á habérselas con él cuerpo á cuerpo.

1838, Mariano de Rementería y Fica, Manual alfabético del Quijote:

Even if they concede that the discovery of the firearms has saved a lot of bloodshed, it is no less true that, as our author puts it, the bravest is the victim of the meek, who dared not go one on one against him.

Al respecto, Fernando Gomá aludió a los jueces: “es curioso que consideren que la fe pública es una formalidad carente de eficacia cuando se trata de eliminar la cláusula suelo en una hipoteca, mientras que, en estos casos, digan que la fe pública es inatacable, aun cuando lo que diga el notario no esté justificado con documentos.

2015 November 4, “Propuestas contra las tramas de prestamistas hipotecarios”, in El País:

En la sala de parto los acuestan juntos en las servocunas, aun cuando uno tenga una infección y el otro, que reposa a su lado, solo haya nacido bajo de peso.

2017 March 19, “La mínima esperanza de vida”, in El Nacional:

(followed by a subjunctive clause) even if


причому

причо́му • (pryčómu)

причо́му (canonical)
pryčómu (romanization)

Uk-причому.ogg

Univerbation of при (pry) + чо́му (čómu, locative case of що (ščo)). Compare Russian причём (pričóm), Belarusian прычы́м (pryčým).

univerbation

locative case of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="uk">що</i> (ščo)


såvida

Vi tänker ta en båttur imorgon, såvida det inte regnar

We're going to take a boat trip tomorrow, provided that it doesn't rain

Såvida inget oförutsett inträffar så kommer vi fram imorgon

Provided that nothing unexpected occurs, we'll arrive tomorrow

(usually in negated constructions) provided that


就係

/t͡sɐu̯²² hɐi̯²²/

/t͡sɐu̯²² hɐi̯²²/


من حيث

head

مِنْ حَيْثُ • (min ḥayṯu)

مِنْ حَيْثُ (canonical)
min ḥayṯu (romanization)

مِنْ حَيْثُ ٱلثَّقَافَةُ

with regard to education, as much as education is concerned

مِنْ حَيْثُ ٱلْمَبْدَأُ

اَلْعَالَمُ مِنْ حَيْثُ هُوَ