on

From Old Lombard un, from Latin ūnus, from Old Latin oinos.


on

head

on (masculine before a vowel: in-, feminine: ine)

in- (before-vowel masculine)
ine (feminine)

on tchin

in-åbe

ine minte


y

From Middle Welsh y, yr, from Old Welsh ir, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *sindos.

y bachgen m

y ferch f

y llong f

y bechgyn pl

y merched pl


the

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme

From Middle English þe, from Old English þē m (“the, that”, demonstrative pronoun), a late variant of sē, the s- (which occurred in the masculine and feminine nominative singular only) having been replaced by the þ- from the oblique stem.
replaced words, cognates
Originally neutral nominative, in Middle English it superseded all previous Old English nominative forms (sē m, sēo f, þæt n, þā pl); sē is from Proto-West Germanic *siz, from Proto-Germanic *sa, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *só.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian die (“the”), West Frisian de (“the”), Dutch de (“the”), German Low German de (“the”), German der (“the”), Danish de (“the”), Swedish de (“the”), Icelandic sá (“that”) within Germanic and with Sanskrit स (sá, “the, that”), Ancient Greek ὁ (ho, “the”), Tocharian B se (“this”) among other Indo-European languages.

inh

(-u, -w) (masculine) (-wa, -itwa, -ätwa) (feminine) (final enclitic suffixes)

الـ

written together with the following words, "l" assimilates with sun letters

(attached suffixes are used, -ът, -та, -то, etc.)

ets

before a word beginning with a vowel sound

-en c or -et n (singular, no adjective or genitive)

den c or det n (singular, before adjective or genitive)

-ene or -ne pl (plural, no adjective or genitive)

de pl (plural, before adjective or genitive)

Archaic Egyptian, Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian

ה־

written together with the following word

not used in Kazakh (use demonstrative adjectives with subjects or the accusative with objects instead)

itu

if replaceable by that, rarely necessary

ini

if replaceable by this, rarely necessary

din

focus marker, past referential common noun

san

focus marker, recent referential common noun

isdin

non-focus marker, past referential common noun

issan

non-focus marker, recent referential common noun

is

non-focus marker, unspecific common noun

not used in Tamil (demonstratives serve a similar purpose)

not used in Tatar (use demonstrative adjectives with subjects or the accusative with objects instead)

not used in Turkish (use demonstrative adjectives with subjects or the accusative with objects instead)

(♂♀, animate or inanimate, usually used with non-Volapük words) el

I’m reading the book Mary reviewed. (Compare I’m reading a book Mary reviewed.)

You live on Main Street, don't you? You know, you should tell the mayor the street needs cleaning.

The men and women watched the man give the birdseed to the bird.

the street that runs all the way through my hometown

I sleep in the bedroom!

2016, VOA Learning English, archived from the original on 2017-09-30:

Used before a noun phrase, including a simple noun

The definite grammatical article that shows that the noun phrase that immediately follows it is definitely identifiable...

...because it has already been mentioned, is to be completely specified in the same sentence, or very shortly thereafter.

No one knows how many galaxies there are in the universe.

God save the Queen!

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 1:8, column 2:

...because it is presumed to be definitely known in context or from shared knowledge.

Used before a noun designating something considered to be unique, or of which there is only one at a time.

No one in the whole country had seen it before.

I don't think I'll get to it until the morning.

Take me to the airport/station/hospital/office/park/match/meeting.

Used to indicate a certain example of (a noun) which is usually of most concern or most common or familiar.

A stone hit him on the head. (= “A stone hit him on his head.”)

(informal) How's the wife? (= "How is your wife?")

Used before a body part, a family member, a pet (especially of someone previously mentioned), as an alternative to a possessive pronoun.

possessive pronoun
possessive pronoun#English

de

used as an alternative to a possessive pronoun before body parts

How's the Sal today?
"How are you, Sal?"

(colloquial) Precedes a familiar nickname or other term of address.

square the circle; feel the pinch; beat around the bush; throw the baby out with the bathwater

Used in many idiomatic expressions and proverbs to refer to common objects, roles, or situations connected with something definite, in the manner of an analogy

That is the hospital to go to for heart surgery.

"Good Heavens, man! Why, he is the authority. If you want pure laboratory experiments those are the books."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

“New Kid On The Block” doubles as a terrific showcase for the Sea Captain who, in the grand tradition of Simpsons supporting characters, quickly goes from being a stereotype to an archetype, from being a crusty sea-captain character to the crusty sea-captain character.

2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

When stressed, indicates that it describes something which is considered to be best or exclusively worthy of attention.

die

stressed, indicating that the object in question is the only one worthy of attention

That was the juiciest apple pie ever.

May the better man win.

Used before a noun phrase beginning with superlative or comparative adjective or an ordinal number, indicating that the noun refers to a single item.

die

with an adjectival noun, as in “the hungry” to mean “hungry people”

Stern and God-fearing, the Afrikaner takes his religion seriously.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 536:

The downy woodpecker can be found in the same environments as the hairy woodpecker.

Introducing a singular term to be taken generically: preceding a name of something standing for a whole class.

The Bushes have held political office for several decades and the Kennedys longer.

Used with the plural of a surname to indicate the entire family.

That apple pie was the best.

Added to a superlative or an ordinal number to make it into a substantive.

Feed the hungry, clothe the naked, comfort the afflicted, and afflict the comfortable.

One doesn't choose the color of one's chess pieces; the white are assigned to the player who moves first.

Used before an adjective, indicating all things (especially persons) described by that adjective.

die

used with the name of a member of a class to refer to all things in that class

the Irish are...; the Chinese are...; the French are...

Used before a demonym ending in -ish, -ese or -ch (when pronounced /tʃ/) to refer to people of a given country collectively.


the

omnibus vero dictionibus praeponebat articulum tho aut the

[1562, Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

specifically/but [he/she] placed the article tho or the before every word


the

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 1-2.
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the roote

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


the

Th' ball want a cowlee, the gazb maate all rize;

1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:

The ball o'er shot the goal, the dust rose all about;


de

“He went to’ds de back, ma’am.” The negro opened the door and slid his legs, clad in army O.D. and a pair of linoleum putties, to the ground. “‘I’ll go git ’im.”’

1964 [1929], William Faulkner, Sartoris (The Collected Works of William Faulkner), London: Chatto & Windus, page 22:

So I'll prolly say de biggest threat to Bermy is de new selfish mentality like, she ank helpin no one in de end.

2013 April 12, “Exclusive: Meet Derpuntae - Bermuda's first meme”, in The Bermuda Sun, archived from the original on 2022-12-12:

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.

African-American Vernacular; Bermuda; African-American Vernacular; Bermuda


de

de (masculine nominative singular)
d' (feminine nominative singular)
d'- (feminine nominative singular)
's (neuter nominative singular)
de (nominative plural)
d' (nominative plural)
de (dative feminine singular)
de (dative plural)
de (accusative masculine singular)
de (accusative feminine singular)
d' (accusative feminine singular)
d'- (accusative feminine singular)
's (accusative neuter singular)
d' (accusative plural)
d'- (accusative plural)
de (before a consonant, including h) (masculine nominative singular)
de (feminine nominative singular)
d'- (feminine nominative singular)
's (neuter nominative singular)
d'- (nominative plural)
de (before a consonant) (dative plural)
de (before a consonant) (accusative masculine singular)
de (accusative feminine singular)
d'- (accusative feminine singular)
's (accusative neuter singular)
d'- (accusative plural)

… Fründ der Natur …

1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10

…; der erst und de zweit Stock …

1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 30

… so luted der erst Atrag, wo bi der Umfrog vom Pfleger Heieri Guetchnecht vorbrocht würd.

Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, published in Zürich by Verlag von Orell Füßli & Co., I. Teil, p. 5

… wo die Flüchtigkeit der Zeit den Ernst des Läbens dem Gemüeti näher bringt.

Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 13

… i siner Eigeschaft als Fürst der Höll, der …

Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 34

Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
Das will ich achte, als heied ihr mir 's tue – so spricht jo der Heiland.

Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 52

Mach mit den ander-n acht Moß, wa d'witt; …

Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, II. Teil, p. 23


de

stressed nominative/accusative singular feminine of der

stressed nominative/accusative/dative plural of der


de

der (some Ripuarian dialects; reduced) (masculine nominative singular)
dä (Ripuarian; full) (masculine nominative singular)
de (dialectal feminine nominative reduced singular)
die (most dialects; full) (feminine nominative singular)
de (dialectal nominative plural reduced)
die (most dialects; full) (nominative plural)
de (few dialects; reduced) (dative feminine singular)
dä (Ripuarian; full) (dative feminine singular)
där (Moselle Franconian; full) (dative feminine singular)
de (dative dialectal plural reduced)
dä (some Ripuarian dialects; full) (dative plural)
de (accusative dialectal masculine reduced singular)
dä (Ripuarian; full) (accusative masculine singular)
de (accusative dialectal feminine reduced singular)
die (most dialects; full) (accusative feminine singular)
de (accusative dialectal plural reduced)
die (most dialects; full) (accusative plural)
dę (masculine nominative singular)
de (feminine nominative singular)
ət (neuter nominative singular)
de (nominative plural)
dęs (genitive masculine rare singular)
dęm (dative masculine singular)
dę (dative feminine singular)
dęꝛ (dative feminine singular)
dęm (dative neuter singular)
dę̄ (dative plural)
dę (accusative masculine singular)
de (accusative feminine singular)
ət (accusative neuter singular)
de (accusative plural)
dę̄ꝛ (masculine nominative singular)
dē (feminine nominative singular)
dat (neuter nominative singular)
dē (nominative plural)
des (genitive neuter singular)
dęm (dative masculine singular)
dęꝛ (dative feminine singular)
dęm (dative neuter singular)
m (dative plural)
f dęǹə (dative plural)
n (fan) dęǹə (dative plural)
dę̄ (dęǹə) (accusative masculine singular)
dē (accusative feminine singular)
dat (accusative neuter singular)
dē (accusative plural)
der (masculine nominative singular)
de (masculine nominative singular)
dä (masculine nominative singular)
die (feminine nominative singular)
de (feminine nominative singular)
dat (neuter nominative singular)
et (neuter nominative singular)
-'t (neuter nominative singular)
die (nominative plural)
de (nominative plural)
des (genitive masculine singular)
der (feminine genitive singular)
des (genitive neuter singular)
der (genitive plural)
dem (dative masculine singular)
der (dative feminine singular)
dem (dative neuter singular)
den (dative plural)
den (accusative masculine singular)
dä (accusative masculine singular)
die (accusative feminine singular)
de (accusative feminine singular)
dat (accusative neuter singular)
et (accusative neuter singular)
-'t (accusative neuter singular)
die (accusative plural)
de (accusative plural)

(most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative

(most dialects) plural nominative and accusative

the
(some dialects) masculine nominative

the
(some dialects) masculine accusative


de

definite article
definite article#English

(Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:

De diarn zeint bille un de puuben noch mèeront.

The girls are silly, and the boys even more so.


de

From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai. Usage of this word as a gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun is a semantic loan from English they.

de grønne huse


de

Afrikaans: die

Berbice Creole Dutch: di

Jersey Dutch: de

Skepi Creole Dutch: di, de, the

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.

De man

De vrouw

Het boek

De boeken

De oude man en de zee.

the (definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural)


de

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *dē
Latin dē
Old French de
Middle French de
French de
Inherited from Middle French de, from Old French de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē.

etymon

Ce sont de bons enfants.

Il y a d’autres exemples.

Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives.

Elle n’a pas de mère.

Il ne mange pas de viande.

Il n’y a pas de problèmes.

Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object.


de

där (accusative masculine nominative singular stressed)
de (accusative masculine nominative singular)
där (dative feminine singular stressed)
de (dative feminine singular)
de (dative plural)

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

unstressed nominative/accusative singular masculine

inflection of där:
unstressed dative singular feminine

inflection of där:
unstressed dative plural all genders


de

From Dutch de (“the”). Cognates include Afrikaans die.

De v'lôrene zön

1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309


de

dat (neuter)
de (plural)
Sg. m.
Sg. f.
Sg. n.
Nom.
de
dat
de (plural)
Gen.
des
der
der (plural)
Dat.
dem
den
den (plural)
Acc.

From Middle Low German dê, from Old Saxon thē.

dè

all three used together; Grafschaft Bentheim

De Mann gat hen.

De Fru geiht hen.

dat Sakramänt der Eihe (Paderbornisch)


de

inflection of die:
masculine nominative singular

inflection of die:
feminine nominative/accusative singular

inflection of die:
nominative/accusative plural


de

head

de (singular masculine der, singular neuter s)

der (masculine singular)
s (neuter singular)

From Middle High German diu, from Old High German diu, from Proto-Germanic *þō, an alteration of *sō. Cognate with German die, obsolete English tho.

the, nominative singular feminine definite article


de

From Old Frisian thī, derived from forms of Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

While the feminine gender has generally been merged into the neuter

a certain number of traditionally feminine nouns still alternatively take the reduced definite article a alongside at.The form 't is enclitic and occurs only after prepositions.


de

definite article, equivalent to "the", used before adjectives used with plural nouns; also used before adjectives converted to nouns. Usually capitalised as "De" when used in proper nouns.


de

(Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (“that, it”)


de

es (neuter nominative singular)
em (dative masculine singular)
em (dative neuter singular)
de (dative singular)
es (accusative neuter singular)


de

From Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai (with noun ending -r).

de gröna bilarna

the, a definite article used in the beginning of noun phrases containing attributive adjectives and nouns in the plural. This article is used together with the definite suffix of the noun to indicate the definiteness of the noun phrase.


de

From the common pronunciation of this word.

(colloquial, text messaging, Internet) Pronunciation spelling of det.


en

en (masculine nominative singular)
e (feminine nominative singular)
e (before a consonant) (neuter nominative singular)
en (before-vowel neuter nominative singular)
eme (dative masculine singular)
ene (dative feminine singular)
eme (dative neuter singular)
en (accusative masculine singular)
e (accusative feminine singular)
e (before a consonant) (accusative neuter singular)
en (accusative before-vowel neuter singular)
e (before a consonant) (masculine nominative singular)
en (before-vowel masculine nominative singular)
e (before a consonant) (feminine nominative singular)
en (before-vowel feminine nominative singular)
es (before a consonant) (neuter nominative singular)
emene (dative masculine singular)
e (before a consonant) (accusative masculine singular)
e (before a consonant) (accusative feminine singular)
en (accusative before-vowel feminine singular)
es (before a consonant) (accusative neuter singular)
en (accusative before-vowel neuter singular)

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos. Cognate with German ein, German Low German en, ein, Dutch een, English one, Icelandic einn, Swedish en.

Ih wött dih jetz nu duße möge-n-
Auh noh en einzigs Wörtli fröge.
… as en einzigs Mol, …
Denn ist er si Lebtig e stills Büebli gsi.

1835, Jakob Stutz, Gemälde aus dem Volksleben nach der Natur aufgenommen und treu dargestellt in gereimten Gesprächen Zürcherischer Mundart, first part, 2nd ed., pp. 27, 49, 97, 109

„„Nu, wenn i öppis by d'r gilte,““
Seit Franz, – „„so mach en End myr Qual!
…““
„…
O, schenk-mer, Herr, es gnädig's End,

1864, J. C. Ott, Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 53, 57

E Mezgerbursch i syne schönste Jahre
Mit rothe Backe, schwarze, chruse Haare,
Chunt spät am Aabe ganz allei
Vom Erlebacher-Märit hei.
Im Berner Alpeg'länd sitzt vor sym chlyne Hüsi
…
En alte Veteran vom Cheiserrych
Na Dörflerg'wohnheit i d'r Gartenlaube.
… Da villicht en alte Jud, …

1864, J. C. Ott, Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 43, 76, 106, 186

Vor zwei Jahra ist z' Höchstetta, das 20 Minuta vo Zäziwyl ist, emene Länder-Güterfuhrma der Waga verbrönnt worda.

Joh. Schönauer, Beschreibung miner Heimat, in: 1876, Volksthümliches aus dem Kanton Bern. Localsagen und Satzungen des Aberglaubens. Gesammelt von Heinrich Grunholzer durch seine Seminarzöglinge. Zusammengestellt und herausgegeben von J. E. Rothenbach. Separat-Abdruck aus der „Neuen Alpenpost“, p. 5


en

From the final syllable of Latin domine (“Mister”).

En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.

Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

(Eastern) Personal article used before masculine given names instead of the definite article el.


en

(most dialects) neuter nominative and accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants

(some dialects) masculine nominative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants

(some dialects) masculine accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants


en

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).


en

From Middle Low German ên, from Old Saxon ēn. Compare Dutch een, German ein, West Frisian ien, English one.


en

From Dutch een (“a”). Cognates include Afrikaans 'n.

(indefinite article) Placed before a singular noun, indicating a general case of a person or thing: a, an.


en

oblique argument
a singular proper nominal marker

a personal pronoun marker, wherein "en" is followed by a class III pronoun


en

en (accusative masculine nominative)
eng (accusative feminine nominative)
en (accusative neuter nominative)
eng (accusative nominative plural)
engem (dative masculine)
enger (dative feminine)
engem (dative neuter)
engen (dative plural)

From Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

Ech droen en Hutt, wann et reent.

Hues du e bloe Stëft?


en

en m (feminine ei or (non-standard since 1938) e, neuter et)

ei (feminine)
e (feminine nonstandard)
et (neuter)


en

(dialectal, nonstandard) Alternative form of ein


en

ēn (canonical masculine neuter)
ēn (masculine nominative)
ān (masculine nominative)
ēne (feminine nominative)
ēn (neuter nominative)
ēnne (accusative masculine)
ānne (accusative masculine)
ēne (accusative feminine)
ēn (accusative neuter)
ēnes (genitive masculine)
ēnere (feminine genitive)
ēnre (feminine genitive)
ēnes (genitive neuter)
ēne (dative masculine)
ēnere (dative feminine)
ēnre (dative feminine)
ēne (dative neuter)

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum:

Föhr: een m, ian f or n

Amrum: ään m, ian f or n

Goesharde:

Hoolmer: åån m, iin f or n

Hoorninger: aan m, iin f or n

Halligen: aon m, ian f or n

Heligoland: iaan, jaan

Mooring: ån m, iinj f or n

Sylt: jen

Wiedingharde: oan m, iin f or n

Saterland Frisian: aan m, een f or n

West Frisian: ien

From Proto-West Germanic *ain. Cognates include Old English ān and Old Saxon ēn.


en

ēn (masculine nominative)
ēn (neuter nominative)
ēn (feminine nominative)
ēnana (accusative masculine)
ēn (accusative neuter)
ēna (accusative feminine)
ēnes (genitive masculine)
ēnes (genitive neuter)
ēnaro (feminine genitive)
ēnumu (dative masculine)
ēnumu (dative neuter)
ēnaro (dative feminine)

Middle Low German: ên, ein

Low German:

German Low German: een (Hamburgisch)

Westphalian:

Lippisch: eun

Ravensbergisch: åine

Sauerländisch: ên

Westmünsterländisch: een, eene, ne

Plautdietsch: een

9th c. Heliand, verse 2984-2985

There towards him a woman came from another nation; she was of their noble-birth...

Thar imu tegėgnes quam ēn idis fan āðrom thiodun; siu was iru aðaligeburdeo...


en

en (masculine nominative singular)
en (feminine nominative singular)
en (neuter nominative singular)
emme (dative masculine singular)
me (dative masculine singular)
re (dative feminine singular)
emme (dative neuter singular)
me (dative neuter singular)
en (accusative masculine singular)
en (accusative feminine singular)
en (accusative neuter singular)


en

Contraction of earlier êden, from Proto-Slavic *(j)edinъ.

To je ena velika izmišljotina!


en

numeral and article when used before g in close syntactic connection

From Old Swedish ēn, æn, from Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).


het

From Middle Dutch dat, which was contracted to 't in usual speech. This form was later interpreted as being the same as the neuter pronoun het (etymology 2, see below), which was contracted in the same way. This then led to the modern merge with het, which some might see as being unetymological.

het boek

het meisje


te

From Middle Dutch te, from Old Dutch te, ti, from Proto-Germanic *ta.

Te drommel
by Jove.

(archaic) in idiom; a form of the definite article de


te

Te kula.


te

Compare Hawaiian ka (“the”). Resemblance to English the is incidental, but might have been reinforced by it.

Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Maori.

2006, Joanne Barker, Sovereignty Matters, page 208:

The language is the life principle of Maori mana


te

(conversationally) a, an (indefinite article)


te

From Proto-Polynesian *te. Cognates include Hawaiian ke and Samoan le.


dat

Dat huus was trechtmakt.


dat

A regional form adopted into colloquial standard German. In western Germany from Central Franconian dat, from northern Middle High German dat, from northern Old High German that, dat, an unshifted relict form possibly due to Frankish influence. In northern Germany from German Low German dat, from Middle Low German dat, from Old Saxon that.

Gibste mir ma’ dat Wasser?

(colloquial, regional, also Ruhrdeutsch) Alternative form of das


dat

dat Huus


die

From Dutch die, which is used only as a demonstrative in Dutch. The replacement of the article de with stronger die is also common in Surinamese Dutch and among non-native speakers of Dutch.

die man

die vrou

die kind


die

der (masculine nominative)
die (feminine nominative)
das (neuter nominative)
die (nominative plural)
des (genitive masculine)
der (feminine genitive)
des (genitive neuter)
der (genitive plural)
dem (dative masculine)
der (dative feminine)
dem (dative neuter)
den (dative plural)
den (accusative masculine)
die (accusative feminine)
das (accusative neuter)
die (accusative plural)

From Middle High German die (acc. f. sg. & nom./acc. m./f. pl.), originally distinguished from diu (nom. f. sg. & nom./acc. n. pl.). This distinction was lost early on in Central German, by the end of the Middle High German period also in Upper German. Ultimately from inflections of Proto-Germanic *sa, which see.

inh

die Frau

nominative/accusative singular feminine of der

die Männer


die

där (accusative masculine nominative singular stressed)
die (accusative feminine nominative singular stressed)
das (accusative neuter nominative singular stressed)
die (accusative nominative plural stressed)
de (accusative masculine nominative singular)
die (accusative feminine nominative singular)
das (accusative neuter nominative singular)
die (accusative nominative plural)
dem (dative masculine singular stressed)
där (dative feminine singular stressed)
dem (dative neuter singular stressed)
den (dative plural stressed)
dem (dative masculine singular)
de (dative feminine singular)
dem (dative neuter singular)
de (dative plural)

inflection of där:
nominative/accusative singular feminine

inflection of där:
nominative/accusative plural


die

die (masculine nominative)
die (feminine nominative)
dat (neuter nominative)
die (nominative plural)
den (accusative masculine)
die (accusative feminine)
dat (accusative neuter)
die (accusative plural)
des (genitive masculine)
der (feminine genitive)
des (genitive neuter)
der (genitive plural)
den (dative masculine)
der (dative feminine)
den (dative neuter)
den (dative plural)

Dutch: de

Limburgish: d'r, de

From Old Dutch thie, thia, from Proto-Germanic *sa.


die

der (masculine nominative singular)
die (feminine nominative singular)
es (neuter nominative singular)
die (nominative singular)
dem (dative masculine singular)
em (dative masculine singular)
der (dative feminine singular)
dem (dative neuter singular)
em (dative neuter singular)
de (dative singular)
der (accusative masculine singular)
den (accusative masculine singular)
die (accusative feminine singular)
es (accusative neuter singular)
die (accusative singular)

From Middle High German and Old High German diu, from Proto-Germanic *sa. Compare German die.


die

head

die (unstressed de, oblique dän, feminine ju, neuter dät, plural do)

de (unstressed)
dän (oblique)
ju (feminine)
dät (neuter)
do (plural)

From Old Frisian thī, from Proto-West Germanic *þa, from Proto-Germanic *sa. Cognates include West Frisian de and German der.


in

(Sette Comuni, Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:


in

With iotacism, from un (“a, an”, indefinite article).


in

in (masculine nominative)
int (before-vowel masculine nominative)
ind (feminine nominative)
int (before ṡ) (feminine nominative)
a (neuter nominative)
in dá (masculine nominative)
in dí (feminine nominative)
in dá (neuter nominative)
ind (masculine nominative)
inna (feminine neuter nominative)
in (accusative masculine)
in (accusative feminine)
a (accusative neuter)
in dá (accusative masculine)
in dí (accusative feminine)
in dá (accusative neuter)
inna (accusative masculine)
inna (accusative feminine neuter)
ind (genitive masculine)
int (before ṡ) (genitive masculine)
inna (feminine genitive)
ind (genitive neuter)
int (before ṡ) (genitive neuter)
in dá (genitive masculine)
in dá (feminine genitive neuter)
inna (genitive masculine)
inna (feminine genitive neuter)
dond (dative masculine)
dond (dative feminine neuter)
dont (before ṡ) (dative masculine)
dont (before ṡ) (dative feminine neuter)
cossind (dative masculine)
cossind (dative feminine neuter)
cossint (before ṡ) (dative masculine)
cossint (before ṡ) (dative feminine neuter)
etc. (dative masculine)
etc. (dative feminine neuter)
don dib (dative masculine)
don dib (dative feminine neuter)
cossin dib (dative masculine)
cossin dib (dative feminine neuter)
donaib (dative masculine)
donaib (dative feminine neuter)
cosnaib (dative masculine)
cosnaib (dative feminine neuter)

Irish: an

Scottish Gaelic: an

Manx: yn

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“this”); weak doublet of sin (“this”).

the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)


in

inflection of inn:
feminine nominative singular

inflection of inn:
neuter nominative/accusative plural


een

Berbice Creole Dutch: en

Negerhollands: een

Jersey Dutch: ên, en

Skepi Creole Dutch: aen

From Middle Dutch êen, from Old Dutch ēn, ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.

(indefinite article) Placed before a singular noun, indicating a general case of a person or thing: a, an. Compare with de and het


een

(Achterhoeks, Drents, Sallands, Stellingwerfs, Twents, Urkers, Veluws) a, an


een

(in some dialects, including Low Prussian) Alternative spelling of en : a, an


een

Dutch: een, 'n (/ən/)

Zealandic: 'n

From Old Dutch ēn, ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.


een

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


o

From Latin illum, accusative form of ille (“that”).

O río Ebro


o

head

o m sg (plural os, feminine a, feminine plural as)

os (plural)
a (feminine)
as (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illo (“he”).

O términu de Valverdi, mais grandi, limita con Portugal, precisamenti con dois distintius Departamentos, que eran Beira Alta con capital en Guarda, a Beira Baixa con capital en Castelo Branco.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

The Valverde locality, the biggest, borders Portugal, more precisely with two distinct departments, which were Beira Alta with Guarda as its capital, and Beira Baixa with Castelo Branco as its capital.

(Mañegu) Masculine singular definite article; the


o

Debbo o

(definite) the (when it follows the noun)


o

o m sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

a (feminine singular)
os (masculine plural)
as (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illum, from ille.

masculine singular definite article; the


o

From earlier ro ← lo, from Latin illum, form of ille (“that”).


o

(rare) Alternative form of an (preconsonantal)


o

Galician: o

Portuguese: o

From earlier lo, la, from Latin illum, illam (the initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo and la).

Esta é como Santa Maria acrecentou o vinho no tonel, por amor da bõa dona de Bretanha.

13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 23

This is how Holy Mary added the wine to the barrel, out of love for the good lady of Britain;

Esta é como Santa Maria tolheu a agua da fonte ao cavaleiro.

13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 48

This is how Holy Mary restricted the water of the fountain from the knight.

the (masculine singular definite article)


o

o m (feminine a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

a (feminine)
os (masculine plural)
as (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese o (compare Galician o), from Vulgar Latin lo, *illu, from Latin illum, from ille (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo).

LL-Q5146 (por)-Davi6596-o (article, pronoun).wav

Não vi o tempo passar.

2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 135:


o

i (feminine singular)
e (plural)
o (masculine nominative singular)
i (feminine nominative singular)
e (nominative)
e (oblique)

o rrom

o Parìzo


o

From Latin ūna, feminine of ūnus, via an earlier form *uă, with irregular dropping of the -n- due to high frequency of usage; however, compare the Aromanian equivalent unã, which preserved it.

O femeie frumoasă

feminine singular nominative/accusative of un: a/an (indefinite article)


i

masculine singular nominative adjectival article

Shkurt. I shkurt. I shkurti.

Short. Short one. The short one. or Short. Shorty. The shorty.

Madh. I madhi zot. / Zoti i madh.


i

i m pl (masculine singular u, feminine singular a, feminine plural e)

u (masculine singular)
a (feminine singular)
e (feminine plural)

From the earlier li. Compare Italian i (“the”) and Romanian îi (“them”).


i

From Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of ille. Compare Italian i, gli.


i

Reduced form of gli, from earlier li, from Latin illī (nominative plural and dative singular of ille).


i

o (masculine singular)
e (plural)
o (masculine nominative singular)
i (feminine nominative singular)
e (nominative)
e (oblique)

i Sperànca

i Rumùnia


i

Definite articles (liquid)
lu
la
li
Definite articles (illiquid)
u
a
i
Definite articles
nu
also: un, 'n

From the lenition of li, from the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.

(masculine and feminine plural definite article) the


is

From syllabic apocope of issos, issas, from Latin ipsōs, ipsās, masculine and feminine accusative plural forms of ipse (“himself”).

plural of su: the (masculine plural definite article)

plural of sa: the (feminine plural definite article)


os

From Vulgar Latin *lōs, from Latin illōs.

Os lugars d'Aragón


os

os m pl (singular o, feminine a, feminine plural as)

o (singular)
a (feminine)
as (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

En esti territorio se han assentau, en os anus que se indican, os habitantis siguientis:

In this territory there were living, in the years specified, the following (amount of) inhabitants:

(Mañegu) Masculine plural definite article; the


os

os m pl (masculine singular o, feminine singular a, feminine plural as)

o (masculine singular)
a (feminine singular)
as (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs, accusative plural of ille (“that”).


os

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Vulgar Latin *los, from Latin illōs.

Está na hora de testarmos os nossos talentos no mundo real, você não acha?

2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 546:

It's time to test the talents of ours in the real world, don't you think?

Você notou os cabelos dela, são negros e brilhantes e macios...

2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 308:

You noticed her hair (“her hairs”), it's dark and brilliant and soft...

Devíamos fechar os olhos dele.

2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 373:

We should close his eyes (“the eyes of him”).


um

From Portuguese um (“a”), from Old Galician-Portuguese ũu, from Latin ūnus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.

Um homm tinh doiz filh:

1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:


um

um (feminine uma, masculine plural uns, feminine plural umas)

uma (feminine)
uns (masculine plural)
umas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ũu (“one; a”), from Latin ūnum (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”). Doublet of uno.

inh+

Uns carros, umas casas.

(in the plural) some; a few (a small number of)

(indefinite) a, an
(with uncountable nouns) a bit of

Ontem de noite caiu uma chuva.

Estamos comendo um churrasco.

(usually in the feminine, pronounced slowly, emphatically and with a high intonation) indicates that what follows is exceptional; quite a; quite the

Um carro, uma casa.

Tenho um recado para você.

2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 186:

[…] disse o professor com um sorrisinho […]

2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 361:

[…] the teacher said with a little smile […]


dar

dar (masculine nominative singular)
de (feminine nominative singular)
di (feminine nominative singular)
's (neuter nominative singular)
z (neuter nominative singular)
de (nominative plural)
di (nominative plural)
in (accusative masculine singular)
de (accusative feminine singular)
di (accusative feminine singular)
's (accusative neuter singular)
z (accusative neuter singular)
de (accusative plural)
di (accusative plural)
me (dative masculine singular)
dar (dative feminine singular)
me (dative neuter singular)
in (dative plural)

Inherited from Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther. Cognate with German der, Dutch die, English the, Swedish den. Doublet of dèar (demonstrative pronoun).

Dar mann is stérchor dan 's baip.

Dar tòibel hat borlóart in sbantz.

(Luserna, Sette Comuni) the; definite article for two declensions:

Bar soin vo dar Tezza.

We're from Tezza (literally, “We're from the Tezza.”)


thee

Respelling of the popularized by Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth.

(very rare, nonstandard) Alternative spelling of the


at

the (feminine and neuter definite article, reduced form)


el

"[…] A sister of Joseph Gerard […] was found unconscious on the kitchen floor by the family cook early this morning. […]"
[…] What leads could they have, if the old lady was el zonko?

(informal, humorous, chiefly Internet slang) The (sometimes where "the" would not occur in normal English).


el

head

el m sg (feminine la, neuter lo, masculine plural los, feminine plural les)

la (feminine)
lo (neuter)
los (masculine plural)
les (feminine plural)


el

el m (feminine la, masculine plural els, feminine plural les)

la (feminine)
els (masculine plural)
les (feminine plural)

From earlier lo, from Latin illum, from Latin ille. The initial e- was inserted as an epenthetic vowel after the unstressed -o had begun to be dropped.

masculine singular definite article for given names

el bo i el dolent

el que hem de fer

neuter definite article used to make abstract nouns from adjectives; the; what, that which


el

the; masculine singular definite article


el

el (Hebrew spelling איל, plural los, feminine la)


el

el m sg (feminine la, neuter lu, masculine plural los, feminine plural les)

la (feminine)
lu (neuter)
los (masculine plural)
les (feminine plural)


el

From Latin ille. Akin to Catalan el and Spanish el.


el

el (plural los, feminine la, feminine plural las, neuter lo)

los (plural)
la (feminine)
las (feminine plural)
lo (neuter)


el

el alma, las almas

el hacha, las hachas

feminine singular definite article used before nouns which start with a stressed /a/:


el

el (nominative singular)
els (nominative plural)
ela (genitive singular)
elas (genitive plural)
ele (dative singular)
eles (dative plural)
eli (accusative singular)
elis (accusative plural)

El Karl binom ziom ela Katlin.

the (used for all proper nouns and also foreign loanwords not yet assimilated into Volapük)


an

From Middle English an, from Old English ān (“a, an”, literally “one”). More at one.

inh

not used in Esperanto (but when necessary to express indefiniteness:) iu (some)

ერთ-ერთი

not an article, but used for indicating „one among others“

not used in Latin (Old, Classical, Late, New Latin, sometimes in Medieval Latin)

I'll be there in half an hour.

'E's staying at an 'otel. (compare He's staying at a hotel.)

Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

I was catapulted without preparation into the most difficult job any mortal man can hold. My duties would not wait a week, or a day, or even an hour.

1971, Lyndon Johnson, “The Beginning”, in The Vantage Point, Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 12:

Form of a (all article senses).
Used before a vowel sound.

God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Numbers 24:8:

My hopes, from my earliest years, have been hopes of celebrity as a writer- not of wealth, or of influence, or of accomplishing any of the thousand aims which furnish the great bulk of mankind with motives. You will laugh at me. There is something so emphatically shadowy and unreal in the object of this ambition, that even the full attainment of its provokes a smile. For who does not know
'How vain that second life in others' breath,
The estate which wits inherit after death!'
And what can be more fraught with the ludicrous than an union of this shadowy ambition with mediocre parts and attainments! But I digress.

(Can we date this quote?), John Mackay Wilson, Wilson's Tales of the Borders; Historical, Traditionary, and Imaginative, →OCLC, page 84:

President Nicolas Sarkozy of France is open to an European monetary fund but would want it to raise money cheaply on capital markets and lend it to needy euro-zone countries before they faced possible default.

2010 March 22, Paul Taylor, “Greece Debates Revive Old European Fears and Resentments”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-04-03, Inside Europe:

In an unanimous vote on Monday, the city’s school board approved removing the name of Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest from Forrest Hill Academy and calling the alternative school the Hank Aaron New Beginnings Academy.

2021 April 13, Neil Vigdor, “Hank Aaron’s Name Will Replace a Confederate General’s on an Atlanta School”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-04-14, U.S.:

Having been given seven full days, Jack Smith took exactly one day to file a forty-page response in opposition, to the Supreme Court, making the argument that there was no reason for the Supreme Court to hear Donald Trump's appeal of an unanimous opinion by the second most important court in the country, the Washington, D.C., Federal Court of Appeals, which supported the trial judge's ruling that there is no such thing as immunity from criminal prosecution for former presidents.

2024 February 14, Lawrence O'Donnell, 0:29 from the start, in Lawrence: Jack Smith asks SCOTUS to move fast on Trump. Nixon case is proof they can., MSNBC, archived from the original on 2024-02-15:

(now quite rare) Used before one and words with initial ⟨u⟩, ⟨eu⟩ when pronounced /ju/.

1 I waited patiently for the Lord, and he inclined vnto me, and heard my crie.
2 He brought me vp also out of an horrible pit, out of the mirie clay, and set my feete vpon a rock, and established my goings.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 40:1–2:

The Province of Nanking, by the Tartars called Kiangnan, is the ſecond in honour, in magnitude and fertility in all China : It is divided into 14 great Territories, having Cities and Towns an hundred and ten; Nanking, or Kiangning being the Metropolis; a City, that if ſhe did not exceed moſt Cities on the Earth in bigneſs and beauty, yet ſhe was inferior to few, for her Pagodes, her Temples, her Porcelane Towers, her Palaces and Triumphal Arches. Fungiang, Sucheu, Sunkiang, Leucheu, Hoaigan, Ganking, Ningue, Hoeicheu, are alſo eminent places, and of great Note and Trade.

1693, Robert Morden, “Of China”, in Geography Rectified; or a Description of the World, 3rd edition, →OCLC, page 441:

Following the doctrine of Lenin and Stalin, relying on the support of the great Soviet state and all the revolutionary forces of all countries, the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese people gained an historic victory a few years ago.

1953, Mao Tse-tung, “Mao Tse-tung's Tribute to Stalin”, in Current Soviet Policies, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 254:

We have agreed on joint ventures in space. We have agreed on ways of working together to protect the environment, to advance health, to cooperate in science and technology. We have agreed on means of preventing incidents at sea. We have established a commission to expand trade between our two nations. Most important, we have taken an historic first step in the limitation of nuclear strategic arms.

1972 May 28, 3:30 from the start, in President Nixon addresses the Soviet People live from the Kremlin, spoken by Richard Nixon, archived from the original on 2015-12-22:

Well yesterday was an historic day. Uh, there was last minute testimony scheduled in the January 6th committee from a former aide to Trump chief of staff Mark Meadows.

2022 June 29, David Pakman, 0:00 from the start, in Trump Assaulted Secret Service Agent, Smeared Ketchup on Wall, archived from the original on 2022-06-30:

(nonstandard) Used before /h/ in a stressed or unstressed syllable.

(nonstandard, British, West Country) Used before all consonants.

Form of a (all article senses).
Used before all consonants.


an

an (masculine nominative)
an (feminine nominative)
an (neuter nominative)
an (accusative masculine)
an (accusative feminine)
an (accusative neuter)
aname (dative masculine)
anara (dative feminine)
aname (dative neuter)

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz. Cognate with German ein, Dutch een, English one, Icelandic einn.

an gamègalndar mann

I hån an pruadar un a sbestar.


an

an (masculine nominative singular)
an (feminine nominative singular)
an (genitive masculine singular)
an (dative masculine singular)
an (dative feminine singular)

From Old Irish in, from Proto-Celtic *sindos.

an t-uisce

an bhean

an pháiste

ag an gcailín/chailín


an

an (masculine nominative)
a (masculine nominative)
an (feminine nominative)
a (feminine nominative)
an (neuter nominative)
a (neuter nominative)
enne (accusative masculine)
ane (accusative masculine)
an (accusative masculine)
a (accusative masculine)
ane (accusative feminine)
an (accusative feminine)
a (accusative feminine)
ane (accusative neuter)
an (accusative neuter)
a (accusative neuter)
anes (genitive masculine)
ane (genitive masculine)
an (genitive masculine)
a (genitive masculine)
are (feminine genitive)
anes (feminine genitive)
ane (feminine genitive)
an (feminine genitive)
a (feminine genitive)
anes (genitive neuter)
ane (genitive neuter)
an (genitive neuter)
a (genitive neuter)
ane (dative masculine)
an (dative masculine)
a (dative masculine)
are (dative feminine)
an (dative feminine)
a (dative feminine)
ane (dative neuter)
an (dative neuter)
a (dative neuter)

English: an, a

Scots: a

Yola: a, e

An unstressed form of oon (“one”), from the occasional use of Old English ān (“one”) as an article.

a, an (indefinite article):
Any example or instance of a thing.

a, an (indefinite article):
A certain or particular thing.

Any, every; several or all instances of a thing.

Þu myhteſ faren al a dæiſ fare ſculdeſt thu neure finden man in tun ſittende · ne land tiled.

p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:

You could go a whole day's journey, but you'd never find anyone in town or any tilled fields.

And but ye do / c[er]teyn we shal yow teche / that it is fair / to han a wyf in pees / Oon of vs two / moſte bowen doutelees

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Prologe of the Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 63, verso, lines 438-440:

And unless you do, we'll certainly teach you / that it's fair to have a wife in peace; / one of the two of us must without doubt submit.

Used in conjunction with numerals (especially hundred, thousend)


an

From Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian ān, Old Saxon ēn, Old High German ein, Old Norse einn, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin ūnus, Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Old Irish oen.


an

From Middle English oon, from Old English ān (“one”), from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. Cognate to English an.


an

am (masculine nominative)
an (masculine)
an (genitive masculine)
an (feminine)
an (feminine nominative)
nam (genitive plural)
a' (masculine)
a' (genitive masculine)
a' (feminine)
a' (feminine nominative)
an (masculine nominative)

From Old Irish in. Cognates include Irish an and Manx yn.


to

Mutu to


as

As mesachas de Zaragoza


as

head

as f pl (singular a, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)

a (singular)
u (masculine)
o (masculine)
us (masculine plural)
os (masculine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās.

As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:

The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, our Fala is another treasure among them.


as

as f pl (feminine singular a, masculine singular o, masculine plural os)

a (feminine singular)
o (masculine singular)
os (masculine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille (“that”).


as

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish las).

Todos olharam para trás ao alcançarem as árvores.

2001, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo [Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire] (Harry Potter; 4), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 99:

Everyone looked behind when they reached the trees.

Mandaram lacrar todas as saídas e não deixar ninguém...

2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 211:

They ordered me to seal all the exits and not to let anyone...


as

a small (singular diminutive indefinite article)


al

al m or n sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural ai, feminine/neuter plural ale)

a (feminine singular)
ai (masculine plural)
ale (feminine neuter plural)

el este un prieten al meu

of (masculine/neuter singular possessive or genitive article)


ai

Niște prieteni ai lui sunt interesanți.


so

Va anar-hi amb so cotxe.

(Mallorca, Ibiza) Alternative form of es (“the”, masculine singular) (used after amb (“with”) and sometimes en (“in”), before a consonant)


so

so (feminine sa, masculine plural sos, feminine plural sas)

sa (feminine)
sos (masculine plural)
sas (feminine plural)


us

us m pl (singular u, feminine a, feminine plural as)

u (singular)
a (feminine)
as (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese os, from Latin illōs.

(Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Masculine plural definite article; the


us

us m pl (singular un, feminine unha, feminine plural unhas)

un (singular)
unha (feminine)
unhas (feminine plural)

(Lagarteiru) Masculine singular indefinite article; some


he

he wahine au

he wahine kāna


he

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *se. Cognates include Hawaiian he and Maori he.


me

(Sette Comuni) the; definite article for two declensions:


me

en (masculine nominative singular)
en (feminine nominative singular)
en (neuter nominative singular)
emme (dative masculine singular)
me (dative masculine singular)
re (dative feminine singular)
emme (dative neuter singular)
me (dative neuter singular)
en (accusative masculine singular)
en (accusative feminine singular)
en (accusative neuter singular)

dative masculine/neuter singular of en: a, an


do

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Cognates include West Frisian de and German die.


ia

From Proto-Polynesian *ia. Cognates include Hawaiian ia and Samoan ia.

Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino

1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau], page 1:


er

(Roman) Dialectal form of el, whence modern il


hit

non-decl-adj-base

Declension of hinn

hinn (masculine nominative singular)
hin (feminine nominative singular)
hit (neuter nominative singular)
hinn (accusative masculine singular)
hina (accusative feminine singular)
hit (accusative neuter singular)
hinum (dative masculine singular)
hinni (dative feminine singular)
hinu (dative neuter singular)
hins (genitive masculine singular)
hinnar (feminine genitive singular)
hins (genitive neuter singular)
hinir (masculine nominative plural)
hinar (feminine nominative plural)
hin (neuter nominative plural)
hina (accusative masculine plural)
hinar (accusative feminine plural)
hin (accusative neuter plural)
hinum (dative masculine plural)
hinum (dative feminine plural)
hinum (dative neuter plural)
hinna (genitive masculine plural)
hinna (feminine genitive plural)
hinna (genitive neuter plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

neuter nominative/accusative singular of hinn


ye

From Middle English þe. Early press typographies lacked the letter þ (“thorn”), for which the letter y was substituted due to their resemblance in blackletter hand (etymological y was for a while distinguished by a dot, ẏ). Short form yͤ continued long after the digraph th had replaced þ elsewhere.

Now vnto yͤ king eternal, immortall, inuiſible, the onely wiſe God, be honour and glory for euer ⁊ euer. Amen.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Timothy 1:17, column 2:

It being one cheife proiect of yᵉ ould deluder, Satan, to keepe men from the knowledge of Scriptures, as in formʳ times by keeping yᵐ in an unknowne tongue, so in these lattʳ times by perswading from yᵉ use of tongues, yᵗ so at least yᵉ true sence & meaning of yᵉ originall might be clouded by false glosses of saint seeming deceivers, yᵗ learning may not be buried in yᵉ church and commonwealth, the Lord assisting oʳ endeavoʳs,

1647, The old deluder, Satan, Act. (cited in American Public School Law, K. Alexander, M. Alexander, 1995)

Ye Olde Medicine Shoppe (pseudoarchaic)


ye

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of þe (“the”)


ye

Ye nyporès aul, come hark to mee,

1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 102:

Ye soumissive Spakeen o'ouz Dwelleres o' Baronie Forthe, Weisforthe.

1867, “Prologue”, in CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114:

The humble Address of the Inhabitants of the Barony of Forth, Wexford.

wi vengem o' core t'gie oure zense o' ye gradès whilke be ee-dighte wi yer name;

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 6-7:

to pour forth from the strength of our hearts, our sense of the qualities which characterise your name,

When ye Lord plaase, He ma mend this,

1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 2:

[When the Lord please, He may mend this,]

God save ye Kinge, hev awaa ye platter."

1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 4:

[God save the King, heave away the platter.]

Thou liest valse co secun that thou an ye thick,

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 129

You lie false, said the second, that you and your kid,


sin

oblique argument, specifically a common nominal definite marker


sang

Hikayat Sang Kancil

(formal, poetic) the (used in proper names)


et

used with neuter nouns (article indefinite neuter)

From Old Norse eitt, the nominative and accusative form of einn. The indefinite article was not used in Old Norse and was likely an influence from other Germanic languages.


ir

Middle Welsh: y, yr, 'r

Welsh: y, yr, 'r

9th c., Oxoniensis Prior (Bodleian Library, Oxford), v. 234


du

head

du m sg (feminine singular de la, plural des)

Inherited from Old French del. The expected modern form would be *deau, but it underwent stronger contraction. Akin to Galician do, Portuguese do, Sicilian dû, Italian and Spanish del.

Il mange du pain.


e

* Conjunction e (“and, also”): according to Orel from Proto-Albanian *ō(d), from Proto-Indo-European *ēd ~ *ōd (ablative sg. stem of Proto-Indo-European *ē- ~ *ō-).

definite masculine singular adjectives in all accusative case

indefinite feminine singular adjectives in the nominative case

definite plural and feminine singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases


e

e f pl (masculine singular u, feminine singular a, masculine plural i)

u (masculine singular)
a (feminine singular)
i (masculine plural)


e

(non-standard since 1938) Alternative form of ei


e

From Portuguese este and Spanish este and Kabuverdianu es.


e

Fan the loughraan itzel feight e big bawl,

1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 11:


d

1978, Rolf Lyssey and Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript)

The next right. We'll drive down Feldstrasse.

Di nöchscht rächts. Mir fared i d’Fäldschtrass.


d

de (accusative masculine nominative)
dr (Bern accusative masculine nominative)
d (accusative feminine nominative)
s (accusative neuter nominative)
ds (Bern accusative neuter nominative)
d (accusative nominative plural)
em (dative masculine)
em (dative neuter)
de (dative plural)


d

* (det): abbreviation
* (død): abbreviation


d

(Internet slang, text messaging) Pronunciation spelling of det (“it”).


l

l m pl (plural ls, feminine la, feminine plural las)

ls (plural)
la (feminine)
las (feminine plural)

l cochino come maçanas


n

„Hat uns vorhin so n Mensch von der Dingsbums gebracht.“ „Von der Kultusgemeinde.“ Avrom hebt zwinkernd die Augen vom Buch; er lächelt. Muß ne anrührende Stelle gewesen sein, was er da grade liest. „Was heißt ‚so n Mensch‘.“

1984, Wolfdietrich Schnurre, Ein Unglücksfall: Roman, page 172:

[…] also die Geschichte hab ich genannt (äh) die Froschsuche weil da war so n Junge und mit em Hund und die haben dauernd ihren Frosch immer angeguckt im Wasser und dann einmal in der Nacht is er weggehüpft […]

1999, Regula Schmidlin, Wie Deutschschweizer Kinder schreiben und erzählen lernen:

»Wenn ick de jungen Lüd nich harr und de Kinner – so n Mann, Herr Lehrer, so n Mann! aber ick hev en nu. He schall mi mol Muck seggn. Rut smiet ick em.« »Das lassen Sie nur lieber nach, Frau Krahnstöver. […]«

2012, Gustav Falke, Die Kinder Aus Ohlsens Gang, page 92:

Und da Sex Sponsoren anzieht, würde so n Kerl ein so großes Medienecho hervorrufen, sodass wir noch Jahrhunderte davon hören würden ...

2014, Manuel Mayer, Schwule Akten: Fußballstar und Tennisprofi geoutet, Himmelstürmer Verlag, page 58:


s

From Middle High German daz, from Old High German daz, from Proto-Germanic *þat, from Proto-Indo-European *tód, nominative and accusative singular neuter of *só. Cognate with German das, Dutch dat, English that, Icelandic það.

Wüssed Si, Herr Bodmer, das isches, was ich so bewundere an de Schwitzer: Ire Humor. I jedere Situazion s’richtige Wort.
You know, Mr Bodmer, that's what I admire about the Swiss – their humour. The right word for every situation.

1978, Rolf Lyssey and Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript)

D Wohnig isch d Wohnig und ds Business isch ds Business.

Accommodation is accommodation, and business is business.


s

s (masculine der, feminine de, plural de)

der (masculine)
de (feminine)
de (plural)

From Middle High German daz, from Old High German daz, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Cognate with German das, English that.

the, nominative singular neuter definite article


t

Clipping of ti (“the”), homophonous to ti.

(text messaging, Internet slang) Nonstandard spelling of ti.


u

u m (feminine a, masculine plural i, feminine plural e)

a (feminine)
i (masculine plural)
e (feminine plural)

From the earlier lu. Compare Portuguese o and Aragonese o.


u

u m sg (plural us, feminine a, feminine plural as)

us (plural)
a (feminine)
as (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illo (“he”).

(Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) Masculine singular definite article; the


u

u m (feminine ka, masculine and feminine plural ki)

ka (feminine)
ki (feminine masculine plural)

the (masculine singular definite article)


u

i (plural)
Definite articles (liquid)
lu
la
li
Definite articles (illiquid)
u
a
i
Definite articles
nu
also: un, 'n

From the lenition of lu, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, from ille.

(masculine singular definite article) the


z

Gfallt der z Huus?


z

(Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:


yon

Maybe a contraction of French il y a un.


lui

Casa lui Carmen.

Asta nu-i place lui Bogdan.

genitive/dative article for proper names designating people that morphologically don't permit a suffix


eng

en (accusative masculine nominative)
eng (accusative feminine nominative)
en (accusative neuter nominative)
eng (accusative nominative plural)
engem (dative masculine)
enger (dative feminine)
engem (dative neuter)
engen (dative plural)

Si huet zwéin Hënn an eng Kaz.

Feminine singular indefinite article: a, an

Si huet eng fofzéng Kazen.

Plural indefinite article: some; only used in wéi eng (“what kind of”), sou eng (“such, this kind of”), and to indicate a vague number before numerals and certain adjectives like ettlech


las

las (singular la, masculine los, Hebrew spelling לאס)

la (singular)
los (masculine)
לאס (Hebrew)


las

las f pl (singular la, masculine l, masculine plural ls)

la (singular)
l (masculine)
ls (masculine plural)

las bacas de l fazendeiro


las

las (singular la, masculine lo, masculine plural los)

la (singular)
lo (masculine)
los (masculine plural)


las

Occitan: las


las

Inherited from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.


ni

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *ni. Cognates include Tuvaluan ni and Samoan ni.


ένας

ένας • (énas) m

el-art

ένας • (énas) m

énas (romanization)
ένας (masculine nominative)
μια (feminine nominative)
μία (feminine nominative)
ένα (neuter nominative)
ενός (genitive masculine)
μιας (feminine genitive)
μίας (feminine genitive)
ενός (genitive neuter)
ένα (accusative masculine)
ένα (accusative masculine)
ένανa) (accusative masculine)
ένανan) (accusative masculine)
μια (accusative feminine)
μία (accusative feminine)
ένα (accusative neuter)

1. The accented forms are emphatic to stress singularity.
2. The final ν is preserved solely before vowels, and the
plosive/affricate consonants: κ, π, τ, ξ, ψ, μπ, ντ, γκ, τσ, τζ

From Byzantine Greek ἕνας (hénas), from Ancient Greek ἕνα (héna) the accusative of εἷς (heîs), from Proto-Hellenic *hens, *hmia, from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm, *smih₂.


unus

ūnus (canonical)
ūnus (masculine nominative singular)
ūna (feminine nominative singular)
ūnum (neuter nominative singular)
ūnī̆us (genitive singular)
ūnī (dative singular)
ūnum (accusative masculine singular)
ūnam (accusative feminine singular)
ūnum (accusative neuter singular)
ūnō (ablative masculine singular)
ūnā (ablative feminine singular)
ūnō (ablative neuter singular)
ūne (masculine singular vocative)
ūna (feminine singular vocative)
ūnum (neuter singular vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: unu, un

Istro-Romanian: un, ur

Megleno-Romanian: un

Romanian: unu, un

Dalmatian:

join

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: unu

Italian: uno, un

Neapolitan: uno, nu

Sicilian: unu, un, nu, 'n

North Italian:

Emilian: unu

Istriot: oûn

Lombard: vun

Romagnol: un

Venetan: uno, un, on

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: un

Ladin: un

Romansch: in, egn, ün

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: un, yon

desctree

Old French: un
Middle French: un, ung
French: un
Norman: un, iun (Guernsey)
Walloon: un

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: un

Occitan: un

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: unu

Mirandese: un

Old Galician-Portuguese: ũu
Fala: un
Galician: un
Macanese: (from ũa) unga, ung'a
Portuguese: um (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: uno, un

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: unu

From Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one, single”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Sanskrit एक (éka), Old Church Slavonic ѥдинъ (jedinŭ), Old Irish óen, and Old English ān (English one and an).


un

From Proto-Brythonic *ʉn, from Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


un

head

un m (feminine una, masculine plural uns, feminine plural unes)

una (feminine)
uns (masculine plural)
unes (feminine plural)

From Latin ūnum (“one”), accusative form of ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos. Romance cognates include Occitan un. Also related to English one.


un

From Latin unus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos. Cognates include Italian un (“a”) and French un (“a, one”).


un

un m sg (plural us or unhus or unhos, feminine unha, feminine plural unhas)

us (plural)
unhus (plural)
unhos (plural)
unha (feminine)
unhas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese ũu, from Latin ūnus (“one”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one; single”).

inh

As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.

2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:

Masculine singular indefinite article; a


un

head

un m (feminine une, plural des, negative de)

une (feminine)
des (plural)
de (negative)

From Old French un, from Latin ūnum, accusative singular of ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


un

un m sg (feminine unha, masculine plural uns, feminine plural unhas)

unha (feminine)
uns (masculine plural)
unhas (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese un, ũu, from Latin ūnus.


un

From Portuguese um. Cognate with Kabuverdianu un.


un

un (Hebrew spelling און, plural unos, feminine una)

און (Hebrew)
unos (plural)
una (feminine)

From Old Spanish un, from Latin ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).


un

From Latin ūnus, from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


un

From Old French un, from Latin ūnus (“one”).


un

From Old French uns, from Latin ūnus (“one”).


un

From Old Occitan un, from Latin ūnus (“one”).

a, an (masculine singular indefinite article)


un

uns (masculine singular subjective)
une (feminine singular subjective)
un (masculine oblique singular)
une (feminine oblique singular)
un (masculine plural subjective)
unes (feminine plural subjective)
uns (masculine oblique plural)
unes (feminine oblique plural)

From Latin ūnum, accusative singular of ūnus (“one”).

a, an (masculine oblique singular indefinite article)

a, an (masculine nominative plural indefinite article)


un

From Spanish uno and Portuguese um and Kabuverdianu un.


un

Un òman l'impèja e’ fug.


un

ro-art

un m or n (feminine singular o, plural niște)

o (feminine singular)
niște (plural)
un (singular)
o (feminine singular)
niște (plural)
unui (singular)
unei (feminine singular)
unor (plural)

From Latin ūnus, from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


un

From Latin ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one, single”).


un

head

un m (indefinite, plural unos, feminine una, feminine plural unas)

unos (plural)
una (feminine)
unas (feminine plural)

From uno, from Latin ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).


un

masculine singular indefinite article; a, an


ta

Ta matua.


em

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(most dialects) Reduced form of däm (“to the”).


em

es (neuter nominative singular)
em (dative masculine singular)
em (dative neuter singular)
de (dative singular)
es (accusative neuter singular)

dative masculine/neuter singular of der: the


li

From Latin illi, masculine plural of ille, from Old Latin olle. Cognates include Italian gli (“the, them”) and Romanian îi (“them”).


li

Ti me pari oûna dea infra li dai,

1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:


li

li studenti


li

head

li m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural lii)

la (feminine)
lii (feminine masculine plural)


li

li (masculine singular subjective)
la (feminine singular subjective)
le (feminine singular subjective)
le (masculine oblique singular)
la (feminine oblique singular)
li (masculine plural subjective)
les (feminine plural subjective)
les (masculine oblique plural)
les (feminine oblique plural)

From Latin illī (“those”). The use for the nominative singular is due to a Vulgar Latin alteration of ille under the influence of the pronoun quī (“who, which”). The same influence (through the dative cui) also explains the Vulgar Latin forms mentioned in etymology 2 below. Doublet of il (“he”).

Li rois respont: "N'est pas mançonge"

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

the (masculine nominative singular and plural definite article)


li

From Latin illī, illae, masculine and feminine plural forms of ille (“that”).

-ri

used when previous syllable is unstressed


li

Definite articles (liquid)
lu
la
li
Definite articles (illiquid)
u
a
i
Definite articles
nu
also: un, 'n

From the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.

(masculine and feminine plural definite article) the


li

li (after an open syllable and/or before a vowel: l', plural: les, plural after an open syllable and before a vowel: ls)

Li mwaisse

Li maistrece

L' ome

C' est li l' mwaisse

Les måjhons

Les omes

Çou sont ls åtes tchesteas


ne

From nen through apocope, itself a contraction of eenen, enen, the now-obsolete accusative form of een.

ne man


ne

(Paderbornisch) nominative/accusative feminine singular of en: a


ne

Dät is n Gous. Ne grieze Gous.

Form of of n used before feminine adjectives


From the final syllable of Latin domina (“Lady”).

En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.

Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

(Eastern) personal article used before feminine given names instead of the definite article la


na háite

genitive singular feminine of an (triggers h-prothesis)

na héin

ó na cailíní

nominative/dative plural of an (triggers h-prothesis)

na bpáistí

genitive plural of an (triggers eclipsis)


in the genitive plural (triggers-eclipsis)

Aphetic form of inna (“the (various inflected forms)”)


am (masculine nominative)
an (masculine)
an (genitive masculine)
an (feminine)
an (feminine nominative)
nam (genitive plural)
a' (masculine)
a' (genitive masculine)
a' (feminine)
a' (feminine nominative)
an (masculine nominative)

inflection of an (“the”):
genitive singular feminine

inflection of an (“the”):
nominative or dative plural


Na liba e lon na a bigi se.


na coshe an loyale dwellerès na Baronie Forthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 3-4:

both (the) faithful and loyal inhabitants of the Barony of Forth,

crave na dicke luckie acte t'uck neicher th' Eccellencie,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 4-5:

beg leave at (of) this favourable opportunity to approach your Excellency,

az Irishmen, an az dwellerès na cosh an loyale o' Baronie Forthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 10-11:

as Irishmen, and as inhabitants, (of) faithful and loyal, of the Barony Forth,

an na plaine garbe o' oure yola talke,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 5-6:

and in the simple dress of our old dialect,

y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:

you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.

Ye state na dicke daie o'ye londe, na whilke be nar fash nar moile, albiet 'constitutional agitation,'

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 1-2:

The condition, (on) this day, of the country, in which is neither tumult nor disorder, but that constitutional agitation,

Na oure gladès ana whilke we dellt wi' mattoke, an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 6-8:

In our valleys where we were digging with the spade, or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,

wee hert ee zough o'ye colure o' pace na name o' Mulgrave.

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 8-9:

we heard the distant sound of the wings of the dove of peace, in the word Mulgrave.


si

Compare Chamorro si, Indonesian si, Malay si, and Tagalog si.

Nagdalagan si Juan.

Dinara ninda si Tatay sa ospital.

direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people

Yaon na si Taba.

direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics

Kinua ko na si pakete.

(Naga) direct marker placed before common nouns


si

Si Gawid

Sintay si Luyon?
Who is Luyon?

Kang manok si manayti.


si

From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Chamorro si, and Malay si, Tagalog si.

Tiada satupun yang berani pada si Tigor pemberani.

Kukatakan pada si Yopi kecil, janganlah marah

Kudengar bahwa si Tuti besar sedang sakit

Definite article used before the names of those with whom the speaker and interlocutor is intimate or familiar with

Si penjual jamu itu cantik sekali.

Dia tertawa dengan si orang asing itu.

Si pemuda itu tersenyum lebar lalu pergi.

Definite article used before a noun referring to a particular person with a particular characteristic

Namanya si Putih

Si Gendut

Si Goblok

Definite article used before a nickname, typically for a subject whose well-known attributes are referred to by an adjective

si kucing


si

oblique argument, specifically a common nominal indefinite marker


si

From Proto-Austronesian *si₁. Compare Compare Berik si, Chamorro si, Indonesian si, and Tagalog si.

Ke mana perginya si budak nakal yang aku jumpa di taman tadi?

Where has the brat I just met in the park headed to?

the (primarily used with people, rarely necessary)

si mati

definite particle used with adjectives to describe people

Si Polan

a definite article used in names or nicknames


si

sē (masculine nominative singular)
that (neuter nominative singular)
si (feminine nominative singular)
sia (feminine nominative singular)
thē (nominative plural)
thie (nominative plural)
than (accusative masculine singular)
then (accusative masculine singular)
that (accusative neuter singular)
thē (accusative feminine singular)
thie (accusative feminine singular)
thē (accusative plural)
thie (accusative plural)
thēs (genitive masculine singular)
thēs (genitive neuter singular)
thēra (feminine genitive singular)
thēra (genitive plural)
thēm (dative masculine singular)
thēm (dative neuter singular)
thēra (dative feminine singular)
thēm (dative plural)
thiu (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
thia (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
thuo (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
thuru (instrumental masculine neuter singular)


si

From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Cebuano si, Gorontalo ti, Hiligaynon si, Ilocano si, Kapampangan i, Pangasinan si, and Waray-Waray si.

Tumakbo si Juan.

Dinala nila si Tatay sa ospital.

Nandiyan na si taba.


ti

mayad ti tawo

Sintay ti mayad?

ti manga daot


se

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.

sē mōna

sēo sunne

þæt seofonstierre

þā steorran


se

sē (canonical masculine)
sē (masculine nominative singular)
that (neuter nominative singular)
sīu (feminine nominative singular)
thē (nominative plural)
than (accusative masculine singular)
that (accusative neuter singular)
thē (accusative feminine singular)
thē (accusative plural)
thēs (genitive masculine singular)
thēs (genitive neuter singular)
thēra (feminine genitive singular)
thēra (genitive plural)
thēm (dative masculine singular)
thēm (dative neuter singular)
thēra (dative feminine singular)
thēm (dative plural)
thiu (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
thia (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
thuo (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
thuru (instrumental masculine neuter singular)

sē māno

Hē gaf thē gift.


se

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).

Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit


la

la f sg (masculine el, neuter lo, masculine plural los, feminine plural les)

el (masculine)
lo (neuter)
los (masculine plural)
les (feminine plural)


la

la f (masculine el, masculine plural els, feminine plural les)

el (masculine)
els (masculine plural)
les (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Catalan la, from Latin illa (demonstrative) via apheresis.


la

From Latin illa, feminine form of ille (“that”), from Old Latin olle. Cognates include Italian la and French la.


la

From Latin illa(m), feminine form of ille.


la

LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-la.wav

Borrowed from French la, Italian la, Spanish la, all ultimately from Medieval Latin ille.

la libro

la libroj

la angla lingvo

la angla


la

→ Norwegian Bokmål: la

From Middle French la, from Old French la, from Latin illam, which is the accusative singular feminine of ille.


la

Borrowed from Esperanto la, from French la, Italian la, Spanish la.


la

Ti son la manduleîna inzucherada.

1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 29:


la

la (Hebrew spelling לה, plural las, masculine el)


la

la f sg (masculine el, neuter lu, masculine plural los, feminine plural les)

el (masculine)
lu (neuter)
los (masculine plural)
les (feminine plural)

From Latin illa(m), feminine singular of ille.


la

la f (masculine li, masculine and feminine plural lii)

li (masculine)
lii (feminine masculine plural)


la

la f (masculine le, masculine and feminine plural les)

le (masculine)
les (feminine masculine plural)

French: la

→ Norwegian Bokmål: la


la

la f (plural las, masculine l, masculine plural ls)

las (plural)
l (masculine)
ls (masculine plural)

la lhéngua mirandesa


la

la beque

la crôte

la léçon

la tâsse

(Jersey) the (feminine singular definite article)


la

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «la (fransk)».ogg

From French la (“the”), from Middle French la (“the”), from Old French la (“the”), from Latin illam (“that, those”), which is the accusative singular feminine of ille (“that, those”), from Old Latin olle (“he, that”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-no- or *h₂l̥-no-, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”).

à la, à la carte, à la grecque, à la mode, à la maison, à la suite

(Used in certain expressions of French origin) the


la

la (masculine lo, feminine plural las, masculine plural los)

lo (masculine)
las (feminine plural)
los (masculine plural)

From Old Occitan la, from Latin illa(m).


la

the (feminine singular oblique definite article)

Trop avons fet grant reposee,
Recomançomes la meslee!

We have rested too much
Let's restart the battle! (literally, the mix)

the (feminine singular nominative definite article)


la

Occitan: la


la

From Latin illa, feminine of ille (“that”).


la

li (plural)
Definite articles (liquid)
lu
la
li
Definite articles (illiquid)
u
a
i
Definite articles
nu
also: un, 'n

From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.

(feminine singular definite article) the


la

la f sg (plural las, masculine el, masculine plural los)

las (plural)
el (masculine)
los (masculine plural)

From Old Spanish ela, from Latin illa(m), feminine singular of ille.


dy

dy (definite, feminine and plural form of dyr)


lu

From Latin ille (“that”), from Old Latin olle (“that”). Cognates include Italian lo (“him”), il (“the”) and French le (“the, him”).


lu

From Vulgar Latin *(il)lu, from Latin illum, accusative of ille (“that”).


lu

From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, from ille.


am

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nominative singular masculine preceding f-

nominative singular masculine preceding b-, m-, p-


es

en (accusative masculine nominative)
e (accusative feminine nominative)
es (accusative neuter nominative)
emene (dative masculine)
enere (dative feminine)
emene (dative neuter)

1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


es

es m sg (feminine sa, masculine plural es, masculine plural sos, feminine plural ses)

sa (feminine)
es (masculine plural)
sos (masculine plural)
ses (feminine plural)


es

Soll ich es Fenster zumachen?

(regional, colloquial) Alternative form of das


es

es (neuter nominative singular)
em (dative masculine singular)
em (dative neuter singular)
de (dative singular)
es (accusative neuter singular)

Compare German es, Dutch het, English it.

nominative/accusative neuter singular of der: the


wan

So nou, di Samaritan uman se tu Jiizas se, “Yu a wan Juu an mi a wan Samaritan uman.[…]

2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 4:9:

he Samaritan woman said to him, "How is it that you, a Jew, ask for a drink from me, a woman of Samaria? […]


wan

Mi o gwe go suku wan tra sortu libi now.

c. 1970, Michaël Slory, “Dungru worku broko a faja gi mi: wan fresko mamanten”, in Fri-kontren-sma, page 9:

I'll go away now, to look for a different kind of life.

Placed before a singular noun, indicating a general case of a person or thing: a, an


der

der (masculine nominative singular)
d' (feminine nominative singular)
des (neuter nominative singular)
's (neuter nominative singular)
d' (nominative plural)
's (genitive masculine singular)
der (feminine genitive singular)
's (genitive neuter singular)
dem (dative masculine singular)
der (dative feminine singular)
dem (dative neuter singular)
de (dative plural)
de (accusative masculine singular)
de-n- (accusative before-vowel masculine singular)
d' (accusative feminine singular)
des (accusative neuter singular)
's (accusative neuter singular)
d' (accusative plural)
der (masculine nominative singular)
die (feminine nominative singular)
d' (feminine nominative singular)
's (neuter nominative singular)
die (nominative plural)
d' (nominative plural)
's (genitive neuter singular)
dem (dative masculine singular)
der (dative feminine singular)
de (dative feminine singular)
dem (dative neuter singular)
de (dative plural)
de (accusative masculine singular)
die (accusative feminine singular)
d' (accusative feminine singular)
's (accusative neuter singular)
d' (accusative plural)

'S Emilie werd im elterlige Roth
Sich widersetze, wenn …

1856, Jacob Maehly, Rhigmurmel. Gedichte in Basler Mundart, page 187f

Am Tag der Rast, am Tag der Rueh',
 Schout gern dem Kinderg'wimmel,
 De frohe Kinderspiele zue
 's Allvatterherz vum Himmel!

1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 67:

Was host denn 's Teufels?

1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 98:

Ho 's Johrs vum Kind nü Batze g'hett,
 Und lützel Garba g'schnitte.

1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 121:

Der Ehstand ist [...]

1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 140:

Sie nimmt vum Bett de-n-arme Wurm
 Und [...]

1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 160:


der

geschiedenis der Nederlandsche taal

(archaic) genitive singular feminine of de; of the

het koninkrijk der Nederlanden

(archaic) dative singular feminine of de


der

der (masculine nominative)
die (feminine nominative)
das (neuter nominative)
die (nominative plural)
des (genitive masculine)
der (feminine genitive)
des (genitive neuter)
der (genitive plural)
dem (dative masculine)
der (dative feminine)
dem (dative neuter)
den (dative plural)
den (accusative masculine)
die (accusative feminine)
das (accusative neuter)
die (accusative plural)
der (masculine nominative)
die (feminine nominative)
das (neuter nominative)
older also: daß (neuter nominative)
die (nominative plural)
des (genitive masculine)
older also: deß (genitive masculine)
der (feminine genitive)
des (genitive neuter)
older also: deß (genitive neuter)
deren (genitive plural)
derer (genitive plural)
also der (genitive plural)
dem (dative masculine)
der (dative feminine)
dem (dative neuter)
denen (dative plural)
also den (dative plural)
den (accusative masculine)
die (accusative feminine)
das (accusative neuter)
older also: daß (accusative neuter)
die (accusative plural)

From Middle High German dër, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English sē where the same process occurred.


der

inflection of der:
genitive/dative feminine singular


der

inflection of die:
feminine genitive/dative singular


der

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, from Proto-Germanic *þa, an alteration of *sa. Cognate with German der, English the.

the, nominative singular masculine definite article


der

der (masculine nominative singular)
die (feminine nominative singular)
es (neuter nominative singular)
die (nominative singular)
dem (dative masculine singular)
em (dative masculine singular)
der (dative feminine singular)
dem (dative neuter singular)
em (dative neuter singular)
de (dative singular)
der (accusative masculine singular)
den (accusative masculine singular)
die (accusative feminine singular)
es (accusative neuter singular)
die (accusative singular)


der

inflection of der:
dative feminine singular

inflection of der:
accusative masculine singular


das

der (masculine nominative)
die (feminine nominative)
das (neuter nominative)
die (nominative plural)
des (genitive masculine)
der (feminine genitive)
des (genitive neuter)
der (genitive plural)
dem (dative masculine)
der (dative feminine)
dem (dative neuter)
den (dative plural)
den (accusative masculine)
die (accusative feminine)
das (accusative neuter)
die (accusative plural)

some speakers in south-western Germany; when stressed

From Middle High German daȥ, from Old High German daz, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Compare Silesian East Central German doas, Dutch dat, English that. Doublet of dass. Distinction from dass is purely orthographical convention.

dat

in western and parts of northern Germany

dit

colloquial in eastern Germany, especially the federal state of Brandenburg, around Berlin


das

där (accusative masculine nominative singular stressed)
die (accusative feminine nominative singular stressed)
das (accusative neuter nominative singular stressed)
die (accusative nominative plural stressed)
de (accusative masculine nominative singular)
die (accusative feminine nominative singular)
das (accusative neuter nominative singular)
die (accusative nominative plural)
dem (dative masculine singular stressed)
där (dative feminine singular stressed)
dem (dative neuter singular stressed)
den (dative plural stressed)
dem (dative masculine singular)
de (dative feminine singular)
dem (dative neuter singular)
de (dative plural)

nominative/accusative singular neuter of där


ei

Ei ny bok.


nem

(colloquial) Contraction of einem (“a, an”).


los

los m pl (masculine sg el, feminine sg la, neuter sg lo, feminine plural les)

el (masculine singular)
la (feminine singular)
lo (neuter singular)
les (feminine plural)


los

los m pl (Hebrew spelling לוס, singular el, feminine las)

לוס (Hebrew)
el (singular)
las (feminine)

Inherited from Old Spanish los (“the; them”), from Latin illōs accusative plural masculine of ille.

inh+

En los kuentos djidiós Djohá es el furbo ke embrolia el no‐Djidió, komo en los kuentos árabos el Djohá árabo aparese komo el ke riushe a “azersela” al Djidió¹¹.

1991, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Djoha ke dize? Kuentos populares djudeo‐espanyoles, כנה:

In the Jewish accounts Djohá is the cunning one who confuses the gentile, as in the Arab accounts Djohá seems like he succeeds at ‘becoming’ the Jew.


los

head

los (singular lo, feminine la, feminine plural las)

lo (singular)
la (feminine)
las (feminine plural)


los

Inherited from Latin illōs accusative plural masculine of ille.

Et dixieron los ſabios en el libro de las piedras que la uerde atal uirtut. que quien la engaſtonare en ſortija. la traxiere conſigo. nõ aura la enfermedat a que dizen ydropiſia.

And in the Book of Stones the wise men claimed that the green stone possesses such virtue that he who mounts it on a ring and has it with him will not suffer from the illness they call dropsy.


los

¿Qué hacen los muchachos?


don

Univerbation of di (“of/from”) + in (“the sg”)

univerbation

the <abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr>


don

Univerbation of do (“to/for”) + in (“the sg”)


da

Representing pronunciation of the in informal speech.

Da New York Times

Da Bears

"So I catch you. You stealer! Ho! Ho!" He seized the girl's wrist. "No, no, you don't run. Hey! Where is-a da cop?"

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 11:

They are both holding onto their caps in the stiff breeze, and Zang is shouting, "Where is da main hotel going to be?"

2012, Jeffrey Arnold, Nobody's Laughing, page 157:


da

Da odda day, I wen go his house.


da

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dan ~ daj (“single, one, whole, only”). Cognate with Burmese တည်း (tany:, “only, sole”) and Burmese တ (ta., “one”).


da

The reduced neuter article et may contract with most prepositions.Such contractions are spelt as single words


ed

oblique argument, specifically a place or time marker


ee

Leiough ut ee die.

1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 52:

Wee, Vassalès o' 'His Most Gracious Majesty,' Wilyame ee Vourthe,

1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 1-3:

We, the subjects of his Most Gracious Majesty, William [the] IV.,

Ee vrieste o' paryshe on a long-tailed garrane.

1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 130:

[The priest of parish on a long-tailed pony.]

Anure vrem ee Bake,


dem

dative masculine/neuter singular of der: the


eth

head

eth m (feminine singular era, masculine plural eths, feminine plural eras)

era (feminine singular)
eths (masculine plural)
eras (feminine plural)


ny

Purt ny h-Inshey

ny h-ein

laa jeh ny laaghyn


den

From Old Norse þann, the accusative form of sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).

bilen - the car; den røde bil - the red car

(definite) the (used before an adjective preceding a noun)


den

Nederland in den goeden ouden tijd.

De baron gaf den koetsier een wenk en het rijtuig rolde heen.

The baron gave the coachman a sign and the carriage rode away. (from the story Gaston von Frankrijk by J.J.A. Goeverneur)

In den beginne schiep God den hemel en de aarde

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth

(archaic) Dative masculine, neuter, and plural of the definite article.

(archaic) Accusative singular masculine of the definite article.

(Southern, dialectal) Masculine singular of the definite article, alternative form of de.


den

inflection of der (“the”):
accusative masculine singular

inflection of der (“the”):
dative plural


den

inflection of die:
masculine accusative/dative singular

inflection of die:
neuter dative singular


den

bilen: the car → den røde bilen: the red car

The; only used if there is an adjective in front of the noun.


den

den m or f (neuter singular det, plural dei)

det (neuter singular)
dei (plural)
den (accusative nominative)
denn (accusative nominative)
dann (accusative nominative)
det (accusative neuter nominative)
dat (accusative neuter nominative)
deim (dative dialectal rare)
di (dative dialectal neuter rare)
dei (nominative)
dei (neuter nominative)
dei (accusative)
dei (accusative neuter)
deim (accusative)
deim (accusative neuter)
deim (dative dialectal neuter rare)
deira (genitive)
deira (genitive neuter)
deires (dialectal genitive rare)
deires (dialectal genitive neuter rare)

From Old Norse þann, þenn, masculine accusative singular of sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Han køyrde den raude bilen.

the; only used if there is an adjective or numeral to the noun


den

accusative masculine singular of der (“the”)


den

From Old Swedish þæn, accusative of sā(r), from Old Norse sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

en bil

bilen

en röd bil

den röda bilen

röda bilar

red cars (for comparison – note that "röd" has the same inflection in the definite and plural)

bilen den röda

the red car (rare, poetic – intuitively, "the car, the red one" / "the car the red")

Kalla den Änglamarken eller Himlajorden om du vill. Jorden vi ärvde och lunden den gröna.

1971, Evert Taube (lyrics and music), “Änglamark”, in Äppelkriget:

Call it the Angel Ground or the Heaven Earth if you like. The Earth we inherited and the green grove

the (when an adjective is used with a common gender noun in the definite – det is used for neuter gender nouns, and de for plural nouns, regardless of gender)

– Vilken tröja vill du ha? – Den blå.
– Which shirt do you want? – The blue one.

– Vilken glass vill du ha? – Den största.
– Which ice cream do you want? – The biggest (one).

the ... one (when the noun is implied, which is an idiomatic construction)


dom

From the common pronunciation of these words.

(informal) Pronunciation spelling of de.


ale

sunt ale mele aici?

of (feminine/neuter plural possessive article)


yang

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 CE, as Old Malay [script needed] (yaṃ).

yang kaya


μία

ένας ένας#Greek

(indefinite) nominative/accusative of ένας (énas, “a, an”)


ένα

From Ancient Greek ἕν (hén), neuter form of εἷς (heîs).

ένας ένας#Greek

a, an:
accusative masculine of ένας (énas)

ένας ένας#Greek

nominative/accusative neuter of ένας (énas)


di

(Luserna) the; definite article for four declensions:


di

Is a riddim mi love from birth. Di harmonies, di lyrics; everything perfect.

It's a rhythm I've always loved. The harmony, the lyrics ... everything's perfect.


di

From Old Frisian thī, derived from forms of Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Spoken Sylt Frisian has a strong tendency to generalize di and thereby abolish grammatical gender. However

dit is usually maintained with nominalized adjectives and infinitives.Total reduction of the definite article is very common after prepositions

(Mooring, Sylt) the (masculine singular, full form)


sa

(Balearic) nominative feminine singular of es


sa

From earlier sang, conflating with sa (“to, in, at”). Compare Hiligaynon sang, Waray-Waray han, Tagalog ng.

Coordinate term: og

Mikaon sa isda ang iring.

Gikaon sa iring ang isda.

definite indirect marker for nouns other than personal names

luto sa inahan

babaw sa lamisa

Coordinate term: og

anak sa hari

of, 's; marks possession
of the; with a definite possessor


sa

Compare Tagalog sina, Tausug hinda, Kinaray-a sanday.

(archaic) direct marker for plural personal names


sa

sa f (plural (Logudorese, Nuorese) sas or (Campidanese) is, masculine su)

sas (Logudorese Nuorese plural)
is (Campidanese plural)
su (masculine)

From Latin ipsa (“herself”), feminine of ipse (“himself”).

(Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese) the (feminine singular definite article)


egy

Native development but its origin is disputed:
# Lexicalization of e/ez (“this”) demonstrative pronoun (ultimately from Proto-Uralic *e- (“this”)) + -l (ablative case suffix) which changed to gy via palatalization and affrication.
# Derivation from e/ez (“this”) demonstrative pronoun (ultimately from Proto-Uralic *e- (“this”)) + -gy (nominal-forming suffix).
# Relation with Proto-Uralic *ede (“the front, fore[part]”) has also been suggested.

der

egy csepp a tengerben


daß

I. Daß Buch der Vorsehung […]

1705, Christliche Sitten-Lehr Oder Kunst Recht und Gut zuleben

(please add an English translation of this quotation)
The Book of Providence […]