"wrītaną" meaning in All languages combined

See wrītaną on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈwriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: Of unclear origin. Kroonen derives the root from a Proto-Indo-European *wreyd-, with no known cognates outside of Germanic. Pokorny and Lehmann suggest that the root is a d-extension of a Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cut, scratch”), for which see Old Armenian գիր (gir, “letter; writing”) for more possible cognates. Latin rīma (“cleft, crack”) may also continue this same root. Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*wreyd-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*wreyd-}} Proto-Indo-European *wreyd-, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*wer-|t=to cut, scratch}} Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cut, scratch”), {{cog|xcl|գիր|t=letter; writing}} Old Armenian գիր (gir, “letter; writing”), {{cog|la|rīma|t=cleft, crack}} Latin rīma (“cleft, crack”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-st|wrīt|wrait|writ|writ|class=1}} Forms: strong [table-tags], wrītō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], wrītaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], wrītai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], wrītizi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], wrītaiz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], wrīt [active, imperative, second-person, singular], wrītazai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], wrītaizau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], wrītidi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], wrītai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], wrītadau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], wrītadai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], wrītaidau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], wrītōz [active, dual, first-person, indicative], wrītaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], wrītadiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], wrītaidiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], wrītadiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], wrītamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], wrītaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], wrītandai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], wrītaindau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], wrītid [active, indicative, plural, second-person], wrītaid [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], wrītid [active, imperative, plural, second-person], wrītandai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], wrītaindau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], wrītandi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], wrītain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], wrītandau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], wrītandai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], wrītaindau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], wrait [active, first-person, indicative, singular], writį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], wraist [active, indicative, second-person, singular], writīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], wrait [active, indicative, singular, third-person], writī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], writū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], writīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], writudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], writīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], writum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], writīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], writud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], writīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], writun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], writīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], wrītandz [active, participle, present], writanaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to scratch, carve Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *hrītaną
    Sense id: en-wrītaną-gem-pro-verb-HzgJrgHz Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 65 35
  2. to engrave, inscribe, write Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *skrībaną
    Sense id: en-wrītaną-gem-pro-verb-IpBdTpc6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: writtōną

Download JSON data for wrītaną meaning in All languages combined (11.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*wrītan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wrītan\nOld English: wrītan\nMiddle English: writen\nEnglish: write\nScots: writ, wryte, wret\nOld Frisian: wrīta\nSaterland Frisian: riete\nWest Frisian: write\nOld Saxon: wrītan\nMiddle Low German: wrîten\nGerman Low German: rieten\nLow German: rieten, reeten (Westmünsterland)\nOld Dutch: *wrītan\nMiddle Dutch: writen\nDutch: wrijten\nOld High German: rīzan, ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏ (wrait), ᚹᚱᚨᛖᛏ (wraet)\nMiddle High German: rīzen\nGerman: reißen\n→ Danish: ridse\nLuxembourgish: räissen\n→ Polish: rysować\n→ Russian: рисова́ть (risovátʹ)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wrītan\nOld English: wrītan\nMiddle English: writen\nEnglish: write\nScots: writ, wryte, wret\nOld Frisian: wrīta\nSaterland Frisian: riete\nWest Frisian: write\nOld Saxon: wrītan\nMiddle Low German: wrîten\nGerman Low German: rieten\nLow German: rieten, reeten (Westmünsterland)\nOld Dutch: *wrītan\nMiddle Dutch: writen\nDutch: wrijten\nOld High German: rīzan, ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏ (wrait), ᚹᚱᚨᛖᛏ (wraet)\nMiddle High German: rīzen\nGerman: reißen\n→ Danish: ridse\nLuxembourgish: räissen\n→ Polish: rysować\n→ Russian: рисова́ть (risovátʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏᚨ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏᚨ (wraita)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏ"
          },
          "expansion": "ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏ (warᴀit)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᚹᚨᚱᛁᛏᚢ"
          },
          "expansion": "ᚹᚨᚱᛁᛏᚢ (waritu)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Norse: ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏᚨ (wraita), ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏ (warᴀit), ᚹᚨᚱᛁᛏᚢ (waritu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "ríta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: ríta",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "rita",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: ríta; rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: rita"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wreyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wreyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreyd-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "t": "to cut, scratch"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cut, scratch”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գիր",
        "t": "letter; writing"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գիր (gir, “letter; writing”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rīma",
        "t": "cleft, crack"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rīma (“cleft, crack”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear origin.\nKroonen derives the root from a Proto-Indo-European *wreyd-, with no known cognates outside of Germanic.\nPokorny and Lehmann suggest that the root is a d-extension of a Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cut, scratch”), for which see Old Armenian գիր (gir, “letter; writing”) for more possible cognates. Latin rīma (“cleft, crack”) may also continue this same root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrīt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītadau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītadai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrait",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraist",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrait",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wrīt",
        "2": "wrait",
        "3": "writ",
        "4": "writ",
        "class": "1"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrītaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "writtōną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scratch, carve"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrītaną-gem-pro-verb-HzgJrgHz",
      "links": [
        [
          "scratch",
          "scratch"
        ],
        [
          "carve",
          "carve"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*hrītaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to engrave, inscribe, write"
      ],
      "id": "en-wrītaną-gem-pro-verb-IpBdTpc6",
      "links": [
        [
          "engrave",
          "engrave"
        ],
        [
          "inscribe",
          "inscribe"
        ],
        [
          "write",
          "write"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*skrībaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "wrītaną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic class 1 strong verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wreyd-",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*wrītan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wrītan\nOld English: wrītan\nMiddle English: writen\nEnglish: write\nScots: writ, wryte, wret\nOld Frisian: wrīta\nSaterland Frisian: riete\nWest Frisian: write\nOld Saxon: wrītan\nMiddle Low German: wrîten\nGerman Low German: rieten\nLow German: rieten, reeten (Westmünsterland)\nOld Dutch: *wrītan\nMiddle Dutch: writen\nDutch: wrijten\nOld High German: rīzan, ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏ (wrait), ᚹᚱᚨᛖᛏ (wraet)\nMiddle High German: rīzen\nGerman: reißen\n→ Danish: ridse\nLuxembourgish: räissen\n→ Polish: rysować\n→ Russian: рисова́ть (risovátʹ)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wrītan\nOld English: wrītan\nMiddle English: writen\nEnglish: write\nScots: writ, wryte, wret\nOld Frisian: wrīta\nSaterland Frisian: riete\nWest Frisian: write\nOld Saxon: wrītan\nMiddle Low German: wrîten\nGerman Low German: rieten\nLow German: rieten, reeten (Westmünsterland)\nOld Dutch: *wrītan\nMiddle Dutch: writen\nDutch: wrijten\nOld High German: rīzan, ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏ (wrait), ᚹᚱᚨᛖᛏ (wraet)\nMiddle High German: rīzen\nGerman: reißen\n→ Danish: ridse\nLuxembourgish: räissen\n→ Polish: rysować\n→ Russian: рисова́ть (risovátʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏᚨ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏᚨ (wraita)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏ"
          },
          "expansion": "ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏ (warᴀit)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᚹᚨᚱᛁᛏᚢ"
          },
          "expansion": "ᚹᚨᚱᛁᛏᚢ (waritu)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Norse: ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏᚨ (wraita), ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏ (warᴀit), ᚹᚨᚱᛁᛏᚢ (waritu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "ríta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: ríta",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "rita",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: ríta; rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: rita"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "rita"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: rita",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: rita"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wreyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wreyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreyd-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "t": "to cut, scratch"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cut, scratch”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գիր",
        "t": "letter; writing"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գիր (gir, “letter; writing”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rīma",
        "t": "cleft, crack"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rīma (“cleft, crack”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear origin.\nKroonen derives the root from a Proto-Indo-European *wreyd-, with no known cognates outside of Germanic.\nPokorny and Lehmann suggest that the root is a d-extension of a Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cut, scratch”), for which see Old Armenian գիր (gir, “letter; writing”) for more possible cognates. Latin rīma (“cleft, crack”) may also continue this same root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrīt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītadau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītadai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrait",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wraist",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrait",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrītandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "writanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wrīt",
        "2": "wrait",
        "3": "writ",
        "4": "writ",
        "class": "1"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrītaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "writtōną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to scratch, carve"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scratch",
          "scratch"
        ],
        [
          "carve",
          "carve"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*hrītaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to engrave, inscribe, write"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "engrave",
          "engrave"
        ],
        [
          "inscribe",
          "inscribe"
        ],
        [
          "write",
          "write"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*skrībaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "wrītaną"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.