See waulk on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "walken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English walken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wealcian",
"t": "to roll up; muffle up"
},
"expansion": "Old English wealcian (“to roll up; muffle up”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*walkōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *walkōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*walkōną",
"t": "to roll about; full (cloth)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *walkōną (“to roll about; full (cloth)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "waulk",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "Scots waulk (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "walken",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "Dutch walken (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "walken",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "German walken (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "valke",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "Danish valke (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "valka",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "Swedish valka (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "walk"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of walk",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English walken, from Old English wealcian (“to roll up; muffle up”), from Proto-West Germanic *walkōn, from Proto-Germanic *walkōną (“to roll about; full (cloth)”).\nCognate with Scots waulk (“to full”), Dutch walken (“to full”), German walken (“to full”), Danish valke (“to full”), Swedish valka (“to full”). Doublet of walk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "waulks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "waulking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "waulked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "waulked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "waulk (third-person singular simple present waulks, present participle waulking, simple past and past participle waulked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "90 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900, Alexander Carmichael, Carmina Gadelica, volume 1, page 310:",
"text": "The frame on which the cloth is waulked is a board some twelve to twenty-four feet long and about two feet broad, grooved lengthwise along its surface.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1992, Diana Gabaldon, Dragonfly in Amber, Random House Group (Arrow Books), page 590,\nI hid a smile at the mention of wool waulking. Alone among the Highland farms, I was sure, the women of Lailybroch waulked their wool not only to the old traditional chants but also to the rhythms of Moliére and Piron."
},
{
"ref": "2013, Marek Korczynski, Michael Pickering, Emma Robertson, Rhythms of Labour: Music at Work in Britain, Cambridge University Press, page 97:",
"text": "Here, we compare waulking songs and shanties to see how they operated in bringing women and men, respectively, into a sense of close alignment.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make cloth (especially tweed in Scotland) denser and more felt-like by soaking and beating."
],
"id": "en-waulk-en-verb-vyPc9Y1j",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"tweed",
"tweed"
],
[
"Scotland",
"Scotland"
],
[
"denser",
"denser"
],
[
"felt",
"felt"
],
[
"-like",
"-like"
],
[
"soaking",
"soaking"
],
[
"beating",
"beating"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete outside Northern England and Scotland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete outside Northern England and Scotland) to make cloth (especially tweed in Scotland) denser and more felt-like by soaking and beating."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "make denser and more like felt by soaking and beating",
"word": "full"
},
{
"sense": "make denser and more like felt by soaking and beating",
"word": "walk"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "waulk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "walken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English walken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wealcan",
"4": "",
"5": "to roll, toss"
},
"expansion": "Old English wealcan (“to roll, toss”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English walken, from Old English wealcan (“to roll, toss”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "waulks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "waulkin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "waulkit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "waulkit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "waulkit",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "waulks",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "waulkin",
"7": "simple past",
"8": "waulkit",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "waulk (third-person singular simple present waulks, present participle waulkin, simple past waulkit, past participle waulkit)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "waulks",
"2": "waulkin",
"3": "waulkit",
"4": "waulkit"
},
"expansion": "waulk (third-person singular simple present waulks, present participle waulkin, simple past waulkit, past participle waulkit)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to full (cloth)"
],
"id": "en-waulk-sco-verb-SnFignkb",
"links": [
[
"full",
"full"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to full (cloth)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(of cloth) to shrink from moisture"
],
"id": "en-waulk-sco-verb-VWfiWc60",
"links": [
[
"shrink",
"shrink"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) (of cloth) to shrink from moisture"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɑːk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/woːk/"
}
],
"word": "waulk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "walken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English walken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wealcian",
"t": "to roll up; muffle up"
},
"expansion": "Old English wealcian (“to roll up; muffle up”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*walkōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *walkōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*walkōną",
"t": "to roll about; full (cloth)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *walkōną (“to roll about; full (cloth)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "waulk",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "Scots waulk (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "walken",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "Dutch walken (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "walken",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "German walken (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "valke",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "Danish valke (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "valka",
"t": "to full"
},
"expansion": "Swedish valka (“to full”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "walk"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of walk",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English walken, from Old English wealcian (“to roll up; muffle up”), from Proto-West Germanic *walkōn, from Proto-Germanic *walkōną (“to roll about; full (cloth)”).\nCognate with Scots waulk (“to full”), Dutch walken (“to full”), German walken (“to full”), Danish valke (“to full”), Swedish valka (“to full”). Doublet of walk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "waulks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "waulking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "waulked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "waulked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "waulk (third-person singular simple present waulks, present participle waulking, simple past and past participle waulked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Northern England English",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900, Alexander Carmichael, Carmina Gadelica, volume 1, page 310:",
"text": "The frame on which the cloth is waulked is a board some twelve to twenty-four feet long and about two feet broad, grooved lengthwise along its surface.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1992, Diana Gabaldon, Dragonfly in Amber, Random House Group (Arrow Books), page 590,\nI hid a smile at the mention of wool waulking. Alone among the Highland farms, I was sure, the women of Lailybroch waulked their wool not only to the old traditional chants but also to the rhythms of Moliére and Piron."
},
{
"ref": "2013, Marek Korczynski, Michael Pickering, Emma Robertson, Rhythms of Labour: Music at Work in Britain, Cambridge University Press, page 97:",
"text": "Here, we compare waulking songs and shanties to see how they operated in bringing women and men, respectively, into a sense of close alignment.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make cloth (especially tweed in Scotland) denser and more felt-like by soaking and beating."
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"tweed",
"tweed"
],
[
"Scotland",
"Scotland"
],
[
"denser",
"denser"
],
[
"felt",
"felt"
],
[
"-like",
"-like"
],
[
"soaking",
"soaking"
],
[
"beating",
"beating"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete outside Northern England and Scotland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete outside Northern England and Scotland) to make cloth (especially tweed in Scotland) denser and more felt-like by soaking and beating."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "make denser and more like felt by soaking and beating",
"word": "full"
},
{
"sense": "make denser and more like felt by soaking and beating",
"word": "walk"
}
],
"word": "waulk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "walken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English walken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wealcan",
"4": "",
"5": "to roll, toss"
},
"expansion": "Old English wealcan (“to roll, toss”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English walken, from Old English wealcan (“to roll, toss”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "waulks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "waulkin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "waulkit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "waulkit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "waulkit",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "waulks",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "waulkin",
"7": "simple past",
"8": "waulkit",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "waulk (third-person singular simple present waulks, present participle waulkin, simple past waulkit, past participle waulkit)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "waulks",
"2": "waulkin",
"3": "waulkit",
"4": "waulkit"
},
"expansion": "waulk (third-person singular simple present waulks, present participle waulkin, simple past waulkit, past participle waulkit)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scots transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to full (cloth)"
],
"links": [
[
"full",
"full"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to full (cloth)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scots intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"(of cloth) to shrink from moisture"
],
"links": [
[
"shrink",
"shrink"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) (of cloth) to shrink from moisture"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wɑːk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/woːk/"
}
],
"word": "waulk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for waulk meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.