"vigesimal" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vigesimally"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vigesimation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vīcēsimus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "twentieth"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīcēsimus (“twentieth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*vīcēnssos"
      },
      "expansion": "*vīcēnssos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "decimus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tenth"
      },
      "expansion": "decimus (“tenth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "al",
        "t2": "suffix forming an adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -al (“suffix forming an adjective”)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vīgintī",
        "3": "",
        "4": "twenty"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīgintī (“twenty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁)"
      },
      "expansion": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "two tens; two decades"
      },
      "expansion": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two tens; two decades”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin vīcēsimus (“twentieth”) (from *vīcēnssos, from Proto-Indo-European *wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós, with the -imus ending of decimus (“tenth”)) + -al (“suffix forming an adjective”). Compare Latin vīgintī (“twenty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti, from *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁), *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two tens; two decades”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vigesimal (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vi‧ge‧sim‧al"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 43 15",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Twenty",
          "orig": "en:Twenty",
          "parents": [
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1899, Thomas Carlyle, “On History Again”, in Critical and Miscellaneous Essays: In Five Volumes, volume III, London: Chapman and Hall Limited, →OCLC, page 172",
          "text": "For indeed, looking at the activity of the historic Pen and Press through this last half-century, and what bulk of History it yields for that period alone, and how it is henceforth like to increase in decimal or vigesimal geometric progression,—one might feel as if a day were not distant, when perceiving that the whole Earth would not now contain those writings of what was done in the Earth, the human memory must needs sink confounded, and cease remembering!— […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Occurring in intervals of twenty."
      ],
      "id": "en-vigesimal-en-adj-fX1aXvLD",
      "links": [
        [
          "Occurring",
          "occur#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "interval",
          "interval"
        ],
        [
          "twenty",
          "twenty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Arithmetic",
          "orig": "en:Arithmetic",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Mathematics",
            "Sciences",
            "Formal sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 43 15",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Twenty",
          "orig": "en:Twenty",
          "parents": [
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1871, Edward B[urnett] Tylor, “The Art of Counting”, in Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, →OCLC, page 236",
          "text": "To go on by hands and feet to 20, and thence to reckon by twenties, is a vigesimal notation. Now though in the larger proportion of known languages, no distinct mention of fingers and toes, hands and feet, is observable in the numerals themselves, yet the very schemes of quinary, decimal and vigesimal notation remain to vouch for such hand-and-foot counting having been the original method on which they were founded.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1875, James A[llanson] Picton, “On the Origin and History of the Numerals”, in Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, volume XXIX, London: Longmans, Green, Reader, & Dyer; Liverpool: D. Marples & Co. Limited, Lord Street, →OCLC, page 87",
          "text": "The most remarkable vigesimal scale of numeration is that of the Mexicans. The decimal scale is adopted as far as twenty; that is to say, after ten the primitive digits are repeated, but from twenty onwards the numbers are taken by twenties. Thus 34 is canlahhutukal, literally fourteen and twenty.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1923, Melius de Villiers, “Aryan Numeral-words”, in The Numeral-words: Their Origin, Meaning, History and Lesson, London: H. F. & G. Witherby, 326 High Holborn, London, W.C.; Cape Town; Johannesburg; Port Elizabeth: Juta & Co., →OCLC, page 93",
          "text": "With regard to the Danish numeral-words founded on the vigesimal system of numeration, it must be admitted that here the explanation fails which has been given for the divergence of the forms representing 70, 80 and 90 from the forms representing the lower numerals of 10 in the case of some other languages, since in the present case the forms for 50 and 60 also depart from the decimal system; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1970, Petr Beckmann, “The Belt”, in A History of π (Pi), Boulder, Colo.: The Golem Press; republished New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Press, 1971, page 34",
          "text": "[I]t is not known whether they [the Maya] progressed beyond a \"vigesimal point\" to negative powers of 20, i.e. to vigesimal fractions.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To the base twenty."
      ],
      "id": "en-vigesimal-en-adj-5o5dx-r1",
      "links": [
        [
          "arithmetic",
          "arithmetic"
        ],
        [
          "base",
          "base#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "twenty",
          "twenty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(arithmetic) To the base twenty."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "arithmetic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "二十進位"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "二十进位"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dvacítková soustava"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "vigesimaal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "twintigtallig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "20-kantainen (kaksikymmenkantainen)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "vigésimal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "vicésimal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ocobiti sisṭema",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "ოცობითი სისტემა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ocobiti",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "ოცობითი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "eikosadikós",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "εικοσαδικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "vigesimale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "nijissimpō",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "二十進法"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "dwudziestkowy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dvadcatičnaja sistéma",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "двадцатичная систе́ма"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 86",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to the base twenty",
          "word": "vigésimo"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vɪˈd͡ʒɛsɪm(ə)l/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vaɪ-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-sə-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav.mp3",
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      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vicesimal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vigenary"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vicenary"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vicenarious"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Maya numerals"
  ],
  "word": "vigesimal"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vīcēsimus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "twentieth"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīcēsimus (“twentieth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*vīcēnssos"
      },
      "expansion": "*vīcēnssos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "decimus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tenth"
      },
      "expansion": "decimus (“tenth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "al",
        "t2": "suffix forming an adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -al (“suffix forming an adjective”)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vīgintī",
        "3": "",
        "4": "twenty"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīgintī (“twenty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁)"
      },
      "expansion": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "two tens; two decades"
      },
      "expansion": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two tens; two decades”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin vīcēsimus (“twentieth”) (from *vīcēnssos, from Proto-Indo-European *wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós, with the -imus ending of decimus (“tenth”)) + -al (“suffix forming an adjective”). Compare Latin vīgintī (“twenty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti, from *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁), *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two tens; two decades”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vigesimals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vigesimal (plural vigesimals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vi‧ge‧sim‧al"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 7 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 13 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 14 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 43 15",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Twenty",
          "orig": "en:Twenty",
          "parents": [
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1872, Frederick A[ugustus] P[orter] Barnard, How to Find the Church Festivals without Tables; Being a Letter Addressed to the Chairman of the Committee of the Prayer Book in the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies of the General Convention of the Church, in 1871, Hartford, Conn.: The Church Press; M. H. Mallory and Company, →OCLC, page 4",
          "text": "If the years of the incomplete century be divided into twenties, and the excess of twenties resolved into fours, the Dominical Letter will advance three places for every twenty, two places for every four, and six places for every unit of the still outstanding remainder. Hence the Sunday Letter will be found by taking the sum of four numbers, which may be called the centurial, the vigesimal, the quaternial, and the residual.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1876, F[rederick] A[ugustus] P[orter] Barnard, “Easter”, in Frederick A. P. Barnard, Arnold Guyot, editors, Johnson’s New Universal Cyclopædia: A Scientific and Popular Treasury of Useful Knowledge. [...], volumes I (A–E), New York, N.Y.: A[lvin] J[ewett] Johnson & Son, 11 Great Jones Street, New York; Pittsburg, Pa.: W. D. Cummings; San Francisco, Calif.: H. D. Watson, →OCLC, page 1463, columns 1–2",
          "text": "[column 1] The author of this article has also designed an instrumental contrivance for finding Easter by inspection, for any year from the beginning of the Christian era down to the end of hundredth century, in old style or new. […] [column 2] Around the fixed ring here described is a rotary ring bearing the numbers from 1 to 19 (the golden numbers) twice repeated, and at the left of these the vigesimals, arranged in regular order.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Richard A. Goldthwaite, “The Network”, in The Economy of Renaissance Florence, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, page 83",
          "text": "They had all attended an abacus school (scuola d'abaco), where the basic training program, well known from the numerous practical treatises on the subject that survive, had taught them above all how to deal in different moneys and to make the four basic arithmetic calculations, using what for them was the standard mensural system based on vigesimals and duodecimals.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Helen Verran, “Yorub and English Number Systems”, in Science and an African Logic, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, page 55",
          "text": "The Yoruba series of number names generates primarily around a base of twenty. […] The core process in the working of the system is progression from one vigesimal (twenty) point to the next. Multiplication generates multiples of ogún (twenty), or to be more exact, \"multiple placing out,\" as the Yoruba verb embedded in the numeral has it. About the vigesimals, intermediate numerals are generated using tens and fives.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A twentieth part."
      ],
      "id": "en-vigesimal-en-noun-MT5H0ANZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "twentieth",
          "twentieth"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part#Noun"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vɪˈd͡ʒɛsɪm(ə)l/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vaɪ-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-sə-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav.mp3",
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      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Maya numerals"
  ],
  "word": "vigesimal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms suffixed with -al",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "en:Twenty"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "vigesimally"
    },
    {
      "word": "vigesimation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vīcēsimus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "twentieth"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīcēsimus (“twentieth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*vīcēnssos"
      },
      "expansion": "*vīcēnssos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "decimus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tenth"
      },
      "expansion": "decimus (“tenth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "al",
        "t2": "suffix forming an adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -al (“suffix forming an adjective”)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vīgintī",
        "3": "",
        "4": "twenty"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīgintī (“twenty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁)"
      },
      "expansion": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "two tens; two decades"
      },
      "expansion": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two tens; two decades”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin vīcēsimus (“twentieth”) (from *vīcēnssos, from Proto-Indo-European *wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós, with the -imus ending of decimus (“tenth”)) + -al (“suffix forming an adjective”). Compare Latin vīgintī (“twenty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti, from *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁), *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two tens; two decades”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vigesimal (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vi‧ge‧sim‧al"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1899, Thomas Carlyle, “On History Again”, in Critical and Miscellaneous Essays: In Five Volumes, volume III, London: Chapman and Hall Limited, →OCLC, page 172",
          "text": "For indeed, looking at the activity of the historic Pen and Press through this last half-century, and what bulk of History it yields for that period alone, and how it is henceforth like to increase in decimal or vigesimal geometric progression,—one might feel as if a day were not distant, when perceiving that the whole Earth would not now contain those writings of what was done in the Earth, the human memory must needs sink confounded, and cease remembering!— […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Occurring in intervals of twenty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Occurring",
          "occur#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "interval",
          "interval"
        ],
        [
          "twenty",
          "twenty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Arithmetic"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1871, Edward B[urnett] Tylor, “The Art of Counting”, in Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, →OCLC, page 236",
          "text": "To go on by hands and feet to 20, and thence to reckon by twenties, is a vigesimal notation. Now though in the larger proportion of known languages, no distinct mention of fingers and toes, hands and feet, is observable in the numerals themselves, yet the very schemes of quinary, decimal and vigesimal notation remain to vouch for such hand-and-foot counting having been the original method on which they were founded.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1875, James A[llanson] Picton, “On the Origin and History of the Numerals”, in Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, volume XXIX, London: Longmans, Green, Reader, & Dyer; Liverpool: D. Marples & Co. Limited, Lord Street, →OCLC, page 87",
          "text": "The most remarkable vigesimal scale of numeration is that of the Mexicans. The decimal scale is adopted as far as twenty; that is to say, after ten the primitive digits are repeated, but from twenty onwards the numbers are taken by twenties. Thus 34 is canlahhutukal, literally fourteen and twenty.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1923, Melius de Villiers, “Aryan Numeral-words”, in The Numeral-words: Their Origin, Meaning, History and Lesson, London: H. F. & G. Witherby, 326 High Holborn, London, W.C.; Cape Town; Johannesburg; Port Elizabeth: Juta & Co., →OCLC, page 93",
          "text": "With regard to the Danish numeral-words founded on the vigesimal system of numeration, it must be admitted that here the explanation fails which has been given for the divergence of the forms representing 70, 80 and 90 from the forms representing the lower numerals of 10 in the case of some other languages, since in the present case the forms for 50 and 60 also depart from the decimal system; […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1970, Petr Beckmann, “The Belt”, in A History of π (Pi), Boulder, Colo.: The Golem Press; republished New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Press, 1971, page 34",
          "text": "[I]t is not known whether they [the Maya] progressed beyond a \"vigesimal point\" to negative powers of 20, i.e. to vigesimal fractions.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To the base twenty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "arithmetic",
          "arithmetic"
        ],
        [
          "base",
          "base#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "twenty",
          "twenty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(arithmetic) To the base twenty."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "arithmetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vɪˈd͡ʒɛsɪm(ə)l/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vaɪ-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-sə-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vicesimal"
    },
    {
      "word": "vigenary"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicenary"
    },
    {
      "word": "vicenarious"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "二十進位"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "二十进位"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dvacítková soustava"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "vigesimaal"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "twintigtallig"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "20-kantainen (kaksikymmenkantainen)"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "vigésimal"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "vicésimal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ocobiti sisṭema",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "ოცობითი სისტემა"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ocobiti",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "ოცობითი"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "eikosadikós",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "εικοσαδικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "vigesimale"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "nijissimpō",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "二十進法"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "dwudziestkowy"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dvadcatičnaja sistéma",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "двадцатичная систе́ма"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to the base twenty",
      "word": "vigésimo"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Maya numerals"
  ],
  "word": "vigesimal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms suffixed with -al",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "en:Twenty"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vīcēsimus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "twentieth"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīcēsimus (“twentieth”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*vīcēnssos"
      },
      "expansion": "*vīcēnssos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "decimus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tenth"
      },
      "expansion": "decimus (“tenth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "al",
        "t2": "suffix forming an adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -al (“suffix forming an adjective”)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vīgintī",
        "3": "",
        "4": "twenty"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīgintī (“twenty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁)"
      },
      "expansion": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "two tens; two decades"
      },
      "expansion": "*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two tens; two decades”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin vīcēsimus (“twentieth”) (from *vīcēnssos, from Proto-Indo-European *wi(h₁)ḱm̥ttós, with the -imus ending of decimus (“tenth”)) + -al (“suffix forming an adjective”). Compare Latin vīgintī (“twenty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti, from *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti(h₁), *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (“two tens; two decades”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vigesimals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vigesimal (plural vigesimals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vi‧ge‧sim‧al"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1872, Frederick A[ugustus] P[orter] Barnard, How to Find the Church Festivals without Tables; Being a Letter Addressed to the Chairman of the Committee of the Prayer Book in the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies of the General Convention of the Church, in 1871, Hartford, Conn.: The Church Press; M. H. Mallory and Company, →OCLC, page 4",
          "text": "If the years of the incomplete century be divided into twenties, and the excess of twenties resolved into fours, the Dominical Letter will advance three places for every twenty, two places for every four, and six places for every unit of the still outstanding remainder. Hence the Sunday Letter will be found by taking the sum of four numbers, which may be called the centurial, the vigesimal, the quaternial, and the residual.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1876, F[rederick] A[ugustus] P[orter] Barnard, “Easter”, in Frederick A. P. Barnard, Arnold Guyot, editors, Johnson’s New Universal Cyclopædia: A Scientific and Popular Treasury of Useful Knowledge. [...], volumes I (A–E), New York, N.Y.: A[lvin] J[ewett] Johnson & Son, 11 Great Jones Street, New York; Pittsburg, Pa.: W. D. Cummings; San Francisco, Calif.: H. D. Watson, →OCLC, page 1463, columns 1–2",
          "text": "[column 1] The author of this article has also designed an instrumental contrivance for finding Easter by inspection, for any year from the beginning of the Christian era down to the end of hundredth century, in old style or new. […] [column 2] Around the fixed ring here described is a rotary ring bearing the numbers from 1 to 19 (the golden numbers) twice repeated, and at the left of these the vigesimals, arranged in regular order.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Richard A. Goldthwaite, “The Network”, in The Economy of Renaissance Florence, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, page 83",
          "text": "They had all attended an abacus school (scuola d'abaco), where the basic training program, well known from the numerous practical treatises on the subject that survive, had taught them above all how to deal in different moneys and to make the four basic arithmetic calculations, using what for them was the standard mensural system based on vigesimals and duodecimals.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Helen Verran, “Yorub and English Number Systems”, in Science and an African Logic, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, page 55",
          "text": "The Yoruba series of number names generates primarily around a base of twenty. […] The core process in the working of the system is progression from one vigesimal (twenty) point to the next. Multiplication generates multiples of ogún (twenty), or to be more exact, \"multiple placing out,\" as the Yoruba verb embedded in the numeral has it. About the vigesimals, intermediate numerals are generated using tens and fives.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A twentieth part."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "twentieth",
          "twentieth"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part#Noun"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vɪˈd͡ʒɛsɪm(ə)l/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/vaɪ-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-sə-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vigesimal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Maya numerals"
  ],
  "word": "vigesimal"
}