"versъ" meaning in All languages combined

See versъ on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *werˀź-, *wirˀź- (whence Lithuanian vi̇̀ržis (“heather”), Latvian vir̂zis (“heather”)), from an unknown non-Indo-European substrate source. Cognates include Proto-Celtic *wroikos (“heather”) and Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heather”). Pokorny suggests a connection to *vьrša (“fishing basket”), see also Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “fast, quickly”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*werˀź-}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *werˀź-, {{cog|lt|vìržis||heather}} Lithuanian vi̇̀ržis (“heather”), {{cog|lv|virzis|vir̂zis|heather}} Latvian vir̂zis (“heather”), {{der|sla-pro|qfa-sub|-}} substrate, {{cog|cel-pro|*wroikos||heather}} Proto-Celtic *wroikos (“heather”), {{cog|grc|ἐρείκη||heather}} Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heather”), {{cog|grc|ῥίμφα|t=fast, quickly}} Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “fast, quickly”) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|vȇrsъ|ap=c}} Forms: vȇrsъ [canonical, masculine], no-table-tags [table-tags], vȇrsъ [nominative, singular], vȇrsa [dual, nominative], vȇrsi [nominative, plural], vȇrsa [genitive, singular], versù [dual, genitive], vẽrsъ [genitive, plural], vȇrsu [dative, singular], versomà [dative, dual], versòmъ [dative, plural], vȇrsъ [accusative, singular], vȇrsa [accusative, dual], vȇrsy [accusative, plural], vȇrsъmь [instrumental, singular], vȇrsomь [instrumental, singular], versomà [dual, instrumental], versý [instrumental, plural], vȇrsě [locative, singular], versù [dual, locative], versě̃xъ [locative, plural], verse [singular, vocative], vȇrsa [dual, vocative], vȇrsi [plural, vocative], *vȇrskъ [alternative]
  1. heather Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers, Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "ве́рас"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: ве́рас (vjéras)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: ве́рас (vjéras)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ве́рес"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ве́рес (véres)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ве́рес (véres)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ве́реск",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Russian: ве́реск (véresk)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Russian: ве́реск (véresk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ве́рес"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ве́рес (véres)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ве́рес (véres) (juniper (dialectal))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itl",
            "2": "вэрэс",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Itelmen: вэрэс",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Itelmen: вэрэс"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "vrȇs",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: vrȇs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: vrȇs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: вре̑с"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "vrẹ̑s"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: vrẹ̑s",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: vrẹ̑s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "vřěs"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: vřěs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: vřěs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "vřes"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: vřes",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: vřes"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "wrzos"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: wrzos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: wrzos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "wrzos"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: wrzos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: wrzos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "vres"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: vres",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: vres"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "vres"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: vres",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: vres"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "wrjós"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: wrjós",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: wrjós"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*werˀź-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *werˀź-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "vìržis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heather"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian vi̇̀ržis (“heather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "virzis",
        "3": "vir̂zis",
        "4": "heather"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian vir̂zis (“heather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "qfa-sub",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*wroikos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heather"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wroikos (“heather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρείκη",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heather"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ῥίμφα",
        "t": "fast, quickly"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “fast, quickly”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *werˀź-, *wirˀź- (whence Lithuanian vi̇̀ržis (“heather”), Latvian vir̂zis (“heather”)), from an unknown non-Indo-European substrate source. Cognates include Proto-Celtic *wroikos (“heather”) and Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heather”).\nPokorny suggests a connection to *vьrša (“fishing basket”), see also Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “fast, quickly”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vȇrsъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vẽrsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versòmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versě̃xъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*vȇrskъ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vȇrsъ",
        "ap": "c"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/versъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "heather"
      ],
      "id": "en-versъ-sla-pro-noun-oLfCRfqz",
      "links": [
        [
          "heather",
          "heather"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "versъ"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "ве́рас"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: ве́рас (vjéras)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: ве́рас (vjéras)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ве́рес"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ве́рес (véres)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ве́рес (véres)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ве́реск",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Russian: ве́реск (véresk)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Russian: ве́реск (véresk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ве́рес"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ве́рес (véres)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ве́рес (véres) (juniper (dialectal))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itl",
            "2": "вэрэс",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Itelmen: вэрэс",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Itelmen: вэрэс"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "vrȇs",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: vrȇs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: vrȇs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: вре̑с"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "vrẹ̑s"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: vrẹ̑s",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: vrẹ̑s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "vřěs"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: vřěs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: vřěs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "vřes"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: vřes",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: vřes"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "wrzos"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: wrzos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: wrzos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "wrzos"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: wrzos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: wrzos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "vres"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: vres",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: vres"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "vres"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: vres",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: vres"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "wrjós"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: wrjós",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: wrjós"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*werˀź-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *werˀź-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "vìržis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heather"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian vi̇̀ržis (“heather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "virzis",
        "3": "vir̂zis",
        "4": "heather"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian vir̂zis (“heather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "qfa-sub",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*wroikos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heather"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wroikos (“heather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρείκη",
        "3": "",
        "4": "heather"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heather”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ῥίμφα",
        "t": "fast, quickly"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “fast, quickly”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *werˀź-, *wirˀź- (whence Lithuanian vi̇̀ržis (“heather”), Latvian vir̂zis (“heather”)), from an unknown non-Indo-European substrate source. Cognates include Proto-Celtic *wroikos (“heather”) and Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heather”).\nPokorny suggests a connection to *vьrša (“fishing basket”), see also Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “fast, quickly”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vȇrsъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vẽrsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versòmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "versě̃xъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vȇrsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*vȇrskъ",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vȇrsъ",
        "ap": "c"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/versъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from substrate languages",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "sla-pro:Ericales order plants"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "heather"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heather",
          "heather"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "versъ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for versъ meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.